"HUMANE, gentle, kind. ...Lat. humanus" – Skeat, 1884 One day as I walked alone, a friend pulled alongside me in her jeep and spoke to me through her open passenger window. She said, "someone wants to see you." She edged her car forward and the tinted back window came down to reveal a furred face, and the eyes of the dog spoke to me: It's you!! This interaction lasted mere seconds. Of course, I fussed over her dog Dewey, and complimented his manners and his fine collar. My friend drove away. Here is what amazes me: before this day, I had never met Dewey. Why did this seem like such a familiar experience? I would like a replay of that moment, but slower this time. This interaction included reciprocal facial expressions, each of which takes a fraction of a section. Did Dewey or I initiate the interaction? This seems so crucial. Locking eyes. It is what dogs and humans do more than most of our closest relatives. Some authors argue that humans are uniquely and anatomically adapted for eye contact (Kobayashi and Kohshima, 2001). The great apes have some similarity to humans in patterns of directed gazes (Gómez, 1996; Liebal, Waller, Burrows, & Slocombe, 2014), but humans stand out from all other primates in the relatively prolonged nature of eye contact (Liebal et al., 2014). And dogs? As in primates, eye contact can mean many things to a dog. But dogs (like wolves) routinely make contact with conspecifics and have fur markings which draw attention to the eyes (analogous to white sclera of humans) (Ueda, Kumagai, Otaki, Yamaguchi, & Kohshima, 2014). It is an important means of group communication, while in other canids, body or tail postures may accomplish similar functions (see discussion in Shipman, 2015). Unlike wolves, dogs are innately responsive to eye contact from infancy onward (Miklósi & Topál, 2013). One or both of us, that is, dogs or humans, evolved the capacity to meet the gaze of the other (Miklósi et al., 2003), and we endeavored onward in an amazing mutualistic state of symbiosis.


This paper describes an educational project conducted in a primary school in Italy ( Scuola Primaria Alessandro Manzoni at Mulazzano, near to Milan). The school requested our collaboration to help improve upon the results achieved on the National Tests for Mathematics, in which students, aged 7, registered performances lower than the national average the past year. From January to June, 2016, we supported teachers, providing them with information, tools and methods to increase their pupils' curiosity and passion for mathematics. Mixing our different experiences and competences (instructional design and gamification , information technologies and psychology) we have tried to provide a broader spectrum of parameters, tools and keys to understand how to achieve an inclusive approach that is 'personalised' to each student. This collaboration with teachers and students allowed us to draw interesting observations about learning styles, pointing out the negative impact that standardized processes and instruments can have on the self‐esteem and, consequently, on student performance. The goal of this programme was to find the right learning levers to intrigue and excite students in mathematical concepts and their applications. Our hypothesis is that, by considering the learning of mathematics as a continuous process, in which students develop freely through their own experiments, observations, involvement and curiosity, students can achieve improved results on the National Tests (INVALSI). This paper includes results of a survey conducted by children ‐'About Me and Mathematics'.


Objective To evaluate the expression of the nuclear factor kB.(NFkB)in human colorectal cancer and investigate the relationship between protein expression and malignant potential of human colorectal cancer.Methods 37 colorectal cancer patients who underwent radical surgery were studied, the protein expression of NFkB p65 in colorectal cancer and adjacent normal mucosa were measured by Western blotting.Results The protein levels of NFkBp65 in tumor tissue were higher compared with adjacent normal mucosa(P0 05).It was found that overexpression of NFkBp65 was related to regional lymph node metastasis in poor differentiated colorectal cancer(P0 05).Conclusion NFkBp65 may play a important role in malignant transformation、development and metastasis of colorectal cancer by it's function of antiapoptosis.


By the technique of RS and GIS,the soil erosion of Dongjiangyuan in 2000 was studied.Digital elevation mode(DEM) was firstly made based on the relief map of the researched area,and the slope and aspect map were computed from the DEM.The terrain factors(elevation,slope and aspect) and distribution index were overlapped to analyze the soil erosion.The results showed that the soil erosion was the result of synthetic action of the natural factors and human factors.Natural factors were the potential condition of the occurrence and development of the soil erosion,and human activity was the dominant factor of the soil erosion occurrence,development and weakness.Therefore,it was very important to protect vegetation and to change the unreasonable land use patterns for preventing the soil erosion of this region.


— The general structure, degree of vacuolization of the odontoblast layer, and the stage of root development were evaluated in demineralized, hematoxylin-eosin stained sections of 21 monkey incisors and 35 human premolars. Emphasis was placed on a comparison between bilateral and opposing pairs. It was found that opposing pairs did not differ more than bilateral pairs. These observations imply that bilateral and opposing pairs are equally satisfactory as control teeth in experimental studies. It is suggested that the unaffected pulp tissue in the experimental tooth may be the most reliable control tissue except in situations where the major part of the pulp tissue is affected by the experimental procedure.


Abstract Pylaisiopsis (Broth.) Broth. is revised based on the molecular phylogenetic analysis and detailed morphological investigation. The genus is considered to be synonymous with Pylaisia (Hypnaceae). An older combination, Pylaisia speciosa (Mitt.) Wilson ex A. Jaeger, is selected for Pylaisiopsis speciosa (Mitt.) Broth. A description and illustrations of the species are provided. The taxonomic position of Foreauella orthothecia (Schwägr.) Dixon & P. de la Varde is also discussed.


Sunk costs are unrecoverable costs that should not affect decision-making. I provide evidence that firms systematically fail to ignore sunk costs and that this leads to significant distortions in investment decisions. In fixed exchange ratio stock mergers, aggregate market fluctuations after parties enter into a binding merger agreement induce plausibly exogenous variation in the final acquisition cost. These quasi-random cost shocks strongly predict firms' commitment to an acquired business following deal completion, with an interquartile cost increase reducing subsequent divestiture rates by 8-9%. Consistent with an intrapersonal sunk cost channel, distortions are concentrated in firm-years in which the acquiring CEO is still in office. Further tests reveal that excessive commitment triggered by sunk costs generates substantial real effects and erodes firm performance.


The paper introduces an on-going research project of entity identification in open (publicly available) source documents where part of the identifying attributes have been redacted. The project pro...


An adenovirus-based TB vaccine elicits T cell immunogenicity despite preexisting anti-AdHu5 immunity in people. Boosting BCG Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has long been the standard vaccine for tuberculosis (TB). However, with TB incidence on the rise, especially in communities with heavy HIV prevalence, new vaccines are needed to work with BCG to accentuate the immune response. One such way to boost a primed immune response is by delivering pathogen-specific target antigens using adenoviral vectors. Yet, which adenovirus to use remains a matter of debate: People frequently have preexisting neutralizing antibodies to the more immunogenic vectors, and rarer vectors tend to be less immunogenic. Now, Smaill et al. show that a recombinant human type 5 adenovirus (AdHu5) has safety and efficacy in both BCG− and BCG+ adults with little observed effect of preexisting neutralizing antibodies. The authors immunized healthy subjects intramuscularly with their AdHu5 vector. The immunization was safe, well tolerated, and immunogenic in both BCG− and BCG+ individuals. However, individuals previously vaccinated with BCG were more likely to have polyfunctional T cell responses, which have been associated with protection. What's more, although the patient numbers are small, Smaill et al. did not see an appreciable effect of preexisting neutralizing antibodies on the vaccine's ability to boost the immune response. These data suggest that, at least for certain antigens, adenovirally delivered boosts can enhance the immune response to TB. There is an urgent need to develop new tuberculosis (TB) vaccines to safely and effectively boost Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)–triggered T cell immunity in humans. AdHu5Ag85A is a recombinant human type 5 adenovirus (AdHu5)–based TB vaccine with demonstrated efficacy in a number of animal species, yet it remains to be translated to human applications. In this phase 1 study, we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of AdHu5Ag85A in both BCG-naïve and previously BCG-immunized healthy adults. Intramuscular immunization of AdHu5Ag85A was safe and well tolerated in both trial volunteer groups. Moreover, although AdHu5Ag85A was immunogenic in both trial volunteer groups, it much more potently boosted polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immunity in previously BCG-vaccinated volunteers. Furthermore, despite prevalent preexisting anti-AdHu5 humoral immunity in most of the trial volunteers, we found little evidence that such preexisting anti-AdHu5 immunity significantly dampened the potency of AdHu5Ag85A vaccine. This study supports further clinical investigations of the AdHu5Ag85A vaccine for human applications. It also suggests that the widely perceived negative effect of preexisting anti-AdHu5 immunity may not be universally applied to all AdHu5-based vaccines against different types of human pathogens.


We discovered an error in the computer code generating the simulation results in section 5 of Auffhammer and Aroonruengsawat (Clim 1):191 – 210, 2011). While four out of five main findings are unaffected, the simulated impacts of climate change on annual residential electricity consumption are an order of magnitude smaller, which is consistent with findings in the previous literature. are ay . does not affect results in section (4), yet significantly changes the results of the simulations conducted in section of the paper.


A 54-year-old man was admitted to hospital with fever, dyspnea, and polyarthralgia. A chest radiograph showed consolidations in the bilateral lungs, and histological examination of transbronchial lung biopsy samples revealed organizing pneumonia. He was also diagnosed with polymyositis because of muscle weakness, elevated muscle enzymes, myogenic findings on the electromyogram, and a positive test for the anti-Jo-1 antibody. Herein, we review 25 cases of organizing pneumonia with polymyositis/dermatomyositis with respect to their clinical features and treatment.


This chapter delves into the privileges of parliament as an integral part of the Westminster System, going back to Article 9 of the Bill of Rights 1689. It lists freedom of speech, the immunity of members from legal liability for statements made in the House, and the freedom of each House to order its own affairs without interference by the Crown as the privileges of Parliament. It also refers to Westminster Model constitutions that replicate privileges in the parliament by directly specifying and enumerating them in the constitution, or by conferring on parliament the power to determine its own privileges. The chapter cites the Constitution of Trinidad & Tobago as a typical example that applies the privileges of the House of Commons. It discusses how the constitution gives parliament the power to prescribe the powers, privileges, and immunities of each House.


Currently, any university has two main and most important tasks: training and scientific research. These are two activities that have an organic relationship, two basic strategic tasks of the school, in which the active participation of faculty members in scientific research activities is one of the important measures - mandatory - necessary to aim to improve the quality of training, to better meet the increasingly demanding needs of society. The content of this article focuses on analyzing several issues about the role of scientific research for university lecturers today.


The morbidity rate of coronary heart diseases increases gradually,percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)is an important means for coronary arterial revascularization.It is helpful to diagnose and indicate therapy in using ultrasoundcardiogram for patients with coronary heart during the perioperative stage,evaluate curative effect and appraise prognosis.This article reviews the application value of ultrasoundcardiogram in the peri-operative PCI.


Sir Alan Sugar's former right hand man and Countdown presenter Nick Hewer will host the first ever Best of Royal Greenwich Business Awards.


There is tremendous demand for marine environmental observation, which requires the development of a multi-agent cooperative observation algorithm to guide Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to observe isotherm data of the mesoscale vortex. The task include two steps: firstly, USVs search out the isotherm, navigate independently along the isotherm, and collect marine data; secondly, a UAV takes off, and in its one round trip, the UAV and USVs jointly perform the task of the UAV reading the observation data from USVs. In this paper, aiming at the first problem of the USV following the isotherm in an unknown environment, a data-driven Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) control algorithm is designed that allows USVs to navigate independently along isotherms in unknown environments. In addition, a hybrid cooperative control algorithm based on a multi-agent DDPG is adopted to solve the second problem, which enables USVs and a UAV to complete data reading tasks with the shortest flight distance of the UAV. The experimental simulation results show that the trained system can complete this tas, with good stability and accuracy.


The Construction of an Ecological Civilization responds to the serious environmental crisis in China and is already beginning to cause paradigm shifts in domestic environmental policies. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the country's geopolitical ambition and importance as a normative power in global governance issues became ever more evident. Through constructivist theory, we analyze Beijing's role in institutions, national norm-setting and its potential to redefine the global environmental order. The Chinese participation in international organizations and eco-compensations are discussed to indicate possible future efforts in the definition of environmental agendas. We conclude that China already contributes normatively to the environmental area, especially in countries of the Global South.


Compared with binary diffractive super-resolving elements, programmable super-resolution pupil filters permit the analysis of various filter designs and allow the filters to be changed rapidly to modify the response of an optical system. In this Letter, a deformable mirror is employed as a programmable super-resolution pupil phase filter. Continuous phase-only filters based on the Zernike polynomial series are designed by the genetic algorithm and fitted through closed-loop adaptive optics with a piezoelectric deformable mirror. Experimental super-resolution results are in agreement with the theoretical predictions. This method has no polarization light requirement and is convenient for application.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a method and equipment for information recommendation, which are applied to setting an Internet application system with a plurality of clustering models of different accuracy degrees. The method comprises the steps that according to a descending order of the accuracy degrees of the clustering models, the application system performs clustering of user element sets corresponding to users by use of the corresponding clustering models in order to determine the class of the user element sets; the clustering process is stopped when the recall rate of clustering meets the predetermined requirements; and the application system performs information recommendation to the user corresponding to the user element set according to the clustering results. In the embodiment of the invention, the clustering recall rate is increased, at the same time, the clustering accuracy is ensured and information recommendation effect is improved.


Recommended systems are very popular nowadays. They are used online to help a user get the desired product quickly. Recommended Systems are found on almost every website, especially big companies such as Facebook, eBay, Amazon, NetFlix, and others. In specific cases, these systems help the user find a book, movie, article, product of his or her preference, and are also used on social networks to meet friends who share similar interests in different fields. These companies use referral systems because they bring amazing benefits in a very fast time. To generate more accurate recommendations, recommended systems are based on the user's personal information, eg: different ratings, history observation, personal profiles, etc. Use of these systems is very necessary but the way this information is received, and the privacy of this information is almost constantly ignored. Many users are unaware of how their information is received and how it is used. This paper will discuss how recommended systems work in different online companies and how safe they are to use without compromising their privacy. Given the widespread use of these systems, an important issue has arisen regarding user privacy and security. Collecting personal information from recommended systems increases the risk of unwanted exposure to that information. As a result of this paper, the reader will be aware of the functioning of Recommended systems, the way they receive and use their information, and will also discuss privacy protection techniques against Recommended systems.


We present an experimental study of the decay dynamics of rovibrational states confined in the outer minimum of the HH 1Σg+ potential of the hydrogen molecule. Specific (v,J) quantum states are populated using a two-step excitation process involving a pulsed extreme ultraviolet laser source. Decay products are selectively probed with additional laser pulses, using the timing of these pulses to determine lifetimes. The competition between dissociation and ionization, occurring at short internuclear distance after tunneling through the potential barrier, is addressed. Observed lifetimes and decay channels of H levels are consistent with a semiclassical description of tunneling of the nuclear motion through the potential barrier towards small internuclear distance. For the HD isotopomer breaking of the g−u symmetry is found to strongly affect the decay dynamics.


a result, the marionette theater companies thrive in the economically advanced region of -southern Fujian, where traditional social structures reemerge at the same pace as foreign influences are imported. In this environment, which is an amalgamation of the remnants of socialism, the new market economy and ancient traditions, the marionette theater, as a representative of traditional culture, has found its niche. Although the iconography of the stage and puppets, as well as the contents of the libretti, pertain to a different era, the traditional values and societal relations visualized in the performances are indeed reflections of contemporary social behavior. This report is an account of my fieldwork and research on the marionette theater in the Quanzhou region of southern Fujian and Taiwan in the period 1986-1995, during which I spent more than four years in mainland China and almost two years in Taiwan. The emphasis will be on the period August 1992-July 1993, when I lived in the city of Quanzhou and worked in the surrounding countryside. I will chart my own development as a researcher, as well as highlight the problems and advantages related to in-depth research in one specific area and


Estimation and tracking of nonstationary dynamical processes is of paramount importance in various applications including localization and navigation. The goal of this paper is to perform such tasks in a distributed fashion using data collected at power-limited sensors communicating with a fusion center (FC) over noisy links. For a prescribed power budget, linear dimensionality reducing operators are derived per sensor to account for the sensor-FC channel and minimize the meansquare error (MSE) of Kalman filtered state estimates formed at the FC. Using these operators and state predictions fed back from the FC online, sensors compress their local innovation sequences and communicate them to the FC where tracking estimates are corrected. Analysis and corroborating simulations confirm that the novel channel-aware distributed tracker outperforms competing alternatives.


P otency of sweetpotato ( Ipomoea batatas  L.) root endophytic bacteria from Sorong District West Papua as biocontrol agent of  Meloidogyne  spp .  Root knot nematodes/RKN,  Meloidogyne  spp. is one of the important pathogens in sweet potato plant. The disease incidence rate by the RKN on sweetpotato crop in Sorong District reached 88.77%. This study aims to get the sweet potato root endophytic bacteria that have potential as biocontrol agents against  Meloidogyne  spp. Endophytic bacteria was isolated from the roots of healthy sweet potato sampled from Sorong District, West Papua Province. Isolation and selection of bacteria using TSA media. Selected bacterial isolates, which were non-pathogenic to plants and humans then were identified with PCR technique using universal primer 63-F / 1387-R. The ability of bacteria to produce the lipase enzyme was selected using the media NB agar and rhodamine B. The protease enzyme-producing bacteria were selected using skim milk media. The chitinase enzyme-producing bacteria were selected using the colloidal chitin media. Production of cyanide was detected using filter paper soaked in a solution of CDS. The effectiveness of culture filtrate of bacteria as biocontrol agents was measured based on the percentage of 2nd juvenile mortality and egg hatching of  Meloidogyne  spp. Four isolates of endophytic bacteria, that were Enterobacter sp EAS (1a),  Enterobacter  sp. EAS (3a)  Enterobacter ludwigii  EAS (4), and  Burkholderia cepacia  EAS (6) produced lipase and protease. In addition,  B. cepacia  EAS (6) also produced chitinase. Those isolates caused mortality of the 2nd juvenile 81.4 to 95.2% and inhibited the egg hatching of  Meloidogyne  spp. 53.13 to 81.92%.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the hybrid learning method on the learning interest of students of the economic education study program in the morning regular class class of 2019 at Indraprasta University PGRI Jakarta. The research method used in this study is a quantitative approach. This type of research is correlational research. Correlational research is a study to determine the relationship and level of relationship between two or more variables without any attempt to influence these variables so that there is no variable manipulation (Faenkel and Wallen, 2008:382). The results obtained are a correlation value or (R) of 0.43 with a moderate level of relationship so that the contribution of the hybrid learning method to student learning interest is 18.49% and the rest is influenced by other variables not examined in this study. It can be concluded that the hybrid learning method can affect student learning interest even though it is not significant.


Given a number of stops and line length, where should the stops be set for a transit route? This paper uses mathematical derivations to compare three transit performance indicators (ridership, transit round trip travel time and passenger walking distance) under different transit stop spacing policies. An empirical study is also presented to support the results of the theoretical derivations. Four policy implications for transit stop spacing are suggested in the paper: (1) transit operators would prefer equal demand spacing rather than equal distance spacing if the underlying travel demand function is convex; (2) transit round trip travel and operator cost under equal distance spacing policy should be lower under equal demand spacing; (3) total passenger walking distance under equal distance spacing and equal demand spacing should be the same; and (4) if the travel demand is equally distributed then total walking distance under equal distance spacing (or equal demand spacing) can reach minimum total walking distance. (A) This was a paper presented to the 14th Australasian Transport Research Forum, 1989, Perth, Australia.


The dress of the Miao people is not only to show the artistic form unique to a certain nationality.Its process of artistic innovation has experienced contiguity,intermixture,division,and fusion of many scattered nationalities and has gradually formed its own features according to its needs by a group aesthetic concept.As a carrier of national culture,it reflects a strong sense of national identity and national spirit and thus contains a deep connotation of national culture.


& Culture magazines Documents and Minotaure, which would originally publish a number of the items featured here. Alongside examples of Griaule's Maussian methods — the rigidly systematic collection, identification, and description of objects, facts, and linguistic data with little initial interpretation — there are Gaston-Louis Roux's colourful tales of murder and intrigue and of the simple joys of sharing in one's artistic craft with others. There is André Schaeffner's curious comparison of the ways of naming the fingers of the hand and the folk stories that surround them, Deborah Lifchitz's studies on Abyssinian Jews, and Michel Leiris's initial ethnographic writings on Zar possession. Indeed, the Mission Dakar–Djibouti is the very same expedition documented in Leiris's L'Afrique fantôme (Paris: Gallimard, 1934; numerous re-editions), and this volume serves as a rich companion to that intimate but singular telling of the nearly two-year excursion. The work gathered here confirms, corrects, or fleshes out many of Leiris's personal accounts. But perhaps more importantly, it counterbalances the former's very singular point of view that, for more than eighty years, has been the dominant if not the only narrative to relate the Mission Dakar–Djibouti in full. This collection is certainly completist if it is not absolutely exhaustive: the editors have taken care to avoid repetition while maintaining fidelity to all of the scientific and cultural production the mission generated. The commentary and annotations are insightful and erudite, and the editors have worked to restore to their original form any texts that had seen themselves altered or censored when originally published. This is a welcome and valuable resource to readers of Leiris and of Griaule, and certainly for all who are interested in French anthropology between the wars.


This paper analyzes the capabilities of multi-agent system (MAS) technology for the optimal multi-microgrids (MMGs) operation in gridconnected mode. In this system, communication among microgrids (MGs) is realized by developing a modified contract net protocol (MCNP) based on agent communication language (ACL) messages. Moreover, a two-stage mathematical model is proposed based on mixed integer linear programming (MILP) for local optimization in each MG, and global optimization in energy management system.


The present invention relates to a shift operating device for selecting a level of the transmission gear shifting. The actuating device comprises a shift lever between at least three positions of the movable gear (1) and a locking device for limiting the range of motion of the shift lever (1). According to the invention, the actuating device thereby superior, i.e., the locking device having a locking chamber assembly disposed at least one locking roller can promote rotatably movable manner (2, 3) having at least one locking chamber (9) , and the shift lever (1) having at least one locking cam (7, 8). Here, the latching cam (7,8) to sink into the locking chamber (9) and limits the shift lever (1) range of motion manner can be engaged with locking chamber assembly. The present invention is such that a shift-range transmission structure with less cost and complexity to achieve the same tasks and locking the manipulation tasks possible in the case of minimum space requirement. The actuating device having less noise generation and a shorter switching time, and it also makes the shift-H-shaped shift pattern can be implemented.


Designs of smart environments for smart living require descriptions of a relevant reality in which the smart environments take place. This paper attempts to describe theoretically a suitable virtual reality upon which a designer can engineer smart environments using information and communication technology (ICT). In this first part, the paper starts with a transportation metaphor, and proceeds to an engine metaphor. It then defines an environment as a platform for smart living. The paper describes the engineering theory of smart environments. It results in a PSV System abstraction.


Background: This study aimed to examine the anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects of the green solvent extract from F.subincisa Buch-Ham.ExSm.This paper also explains how bio-based products have been highly safe and alternative to the use of organic solvent. Methods: The serial extraction was carried out with increasing polarity using a magnetic stirrer: d-limonene, Isopropyl alcohol, Ethyl lactate, and Hydroalcohol.The concentrated and dried extracts were subjected to analysis the antidiabetic activity and anti-inflammatory activity were assessed by employing standard in vitro techniques. Result: In vitro anti-inflammatory assays were performed using heat-induced bovine serum albumin (BSA) denaturation and erythrocyte membrane stabilization assays.α-amylase and α-glucosidase were used to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of F.subincisa bark in vitro. Diclofenac sodium, Acarbose, and aspirin were used as reference drugs. The in vitro method showed significant anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties of different bio-based extracts tested. Conclusions: Findings from this study showed that F.subincisa exhibited substantial anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic actions in vitro models.


This paper introduces a method to generate music using a picture. We outline the transform system we created to do so. We analyze pictures as visual information, and music as acoustical information. We find they have features, such as continuity, in common. We create a transform system based these common features and output the music using MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface). We consider the fundamental features of music when we create the transform system. A stream of music is repetitive, has contrast, and variation. However, in general, pictures lack these features. We generate music by combining rhythm and modulated rhythm. This paper shows how to create the transform system, the process of generating music using a picture, and the algorithms involved. By showing the output's high degree of freedom, we prove that this system can help the composer compose. The composer can quote some rhythm or melody of generated music, or can obtain inspiration to compose when listening to the outputs.


This study finds that managers take deviations from their target capital structures into account when planning and structuring acquisitions. Specifically, firms that are overleveraged relative to their target debt ratios are less likely to make acquisitions and are less likely to use cash in their offers. Furthermore, they acquire smaller targets and pay lower premiums. Managers of overleveraged firms also actively rebalance their capital structures when they anticipate a high likelihood of making an acquisition. Finally, they pursue the most value-enhancing acquisitions. Collectively, these findings improve understanding of how firms choose their capital structures and shed light on the interdependence of capital structure and investment decisions in the presence of financial frictions.


This paper is a call for participation in an ongoing international comparative study of faculty and student perceptions of professorial attitudes, and how professorial attitude affects successful learning experiences in an academic setting. Student expectations of faculty and the institutions in which they teach vary by year and level of study. Further variations are apparent as the pressures of employment andfinances weigh on students. Faculty expectations and understandings of students are also changing and mayor may not match the realities experienced by students. Data were gathered at Brock University in 1997 that indicated several trends in professorial attitudes and behaviour. The original study was conducted via a traditional paper questionnaire. The current study employs a questionnaire designed to be accessed and completed over the Web. Implications of the study will be considered as related to the following three areas: theory, practice, and further research. The following questions will be used to study the implications in these areas. Are there any differences or similarities between and among different nationalities and cultures in attitudes towards the professorate? To what might differences and similarities in attitudes between and among cultural groups be attributed? What areas has the study identified that require further research? Information gathered will be concerned with the following findings as derived from the data to be collected: site by site analysis of survey items for students and faculty at each participating institution; and statistical comparisons between and among sites. Findings will be used to develop a model to foster understanding of underlying issues in effective and not so effective teaching in higher education. Also included is a review of literature concerning the areas of successful learning, personality, epistemology, and the practice of teaching and learning


Intangible Cultural Heritage is a cultural tourism resource with higher grade and tourism is an effective way to protect it. As Guilin is abundant of intangible cultural heritage resources, it remains to be discussed on how to develop and industrialization. Questionnaires and interviews are made to find out the cognitive and behavioral preferences of tourists and local residents, and the current situation of protection and development of Guilin intangible cultural heritage. On the basis of the protection, the market of intangible cultural heritage tourism products in Guilin can be targeted to expand.


Undoubtedly the reliability of inter-communication system for manned submersible vehicle, which is working in dangerous and unforeseeable deep-sea circumstance, is crucial to safety of the overall control system. In this paper firstly, traditional inter-communication system for underwater vehicle (UV) is introduced and it has its intrinsic shortcomings. So in order to overcome those shortcomings a developed Ethernet-based inter-communication system has been designed and implemented. Secondly, various network data transmission delay testing on our semi-physical virtual simulation platform verifies the reliability and its performance of the whole network. And control software is also developed and the results of the auto-heading are shown. At last, the results of analysis and test indicate that this Ethernet-based inter-communication system has a good performance and now we are ready to sea experiments for the future.


This article contends that the evolution toward interdisciplinary collaboration that we are witnessing in the sciences must also occur in the humanities to ensure their very survival. That is, humanists must be open to working with scientists and social scientists interested in similar research questions and vice versa. Digital humanities is a positive first step. Complexity science should be the next step. Even though much of the ground-breaking work in complexity science has been done in the natural sciences and mathematics, it can, if critically adapted, provide the needed metaphor for a broad integration of disciplines, humanistic and otherwise. Given its almost a-disciplinary nature, a complexity approach to the research problems in the humanities necessarily breaks down silos. Moreover, it can restore and reframe the seamless intellectual fabric sought by researchers before the atomization of the various disciplines in the nineteenthcentury academy.


The invention consists in a method and an apparatus for fixing a joint prosthesis 1, 2: 5, on which all surfaces that are intended to come into contact with tissue are composed of titanium or a titanium-based metal compatible with tissue. To ensure anchorage of the prosthesis in relation to the bone tissue, pointed fixing elements 3, 11, 16 are used, which from the side of the bone tissue that is intended to face towards the prosthesis are driven in with the points into the bone tissue, and are anchored in cement 9 between the prosthesis and the bone tissue or directly on the prosthesis, so that a durable connection is established, in that the bone tissue grows solid at the anchored points. For good matching of prosthesis socket and prosthesis ball these are formed under pressure and heat, in addition to which the respective joint surfaces are formed against a pattern mould of the opposing joint surface, and hardened or sintered in moulding contact in order to minimize the finishing work.


AIM The previous work has demonstrated that the polysaccharides of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels have significantly antitumor activity and indicated that the activity is strongly dependent on their structures. However, the relationships between the structure and the activities are still ambiguous. Thus, at present, more efforts are being expended in seeking to isolate the polysaccharides from Angelica sinensis(Oliv.) Diels, measure their structural features and antitumor activities, and elucidate structure - activity relationships of polysaccharides. METHODS The roots of Angelica sinensis ( Oliv. ) Diels were extracted With water, separated by Sephacryl S-400 and DEAE-sephadex A-25 columns and further purifled on Sephadex G-100 column.


Effective Clinical Practice January/February 1999 Volume 2 Number 1 45 Statistical tests are tools that help us assess the role of chance as an explanation of patterns observed in data.* The most common "pattern" of interest is how two groups compare in terms of a single outcome. After a statistical test is performed, investigators (and readers) can arrive at one of two conclusions: 1) The pattern is probably not due to chance (i.e., the difference is significant) 2) The pattern is likely due to chance (i.e., the difference is not significant. No matter how well the study is performed, either conclusion may be wrong. A type I error is analogous to a false-positive result during diagnostic testing: a difference is shown when in "truth" there is none. Researchers have long been concerned about making this mistake and have conventionally demanded that the probability of a type I error be less than 5%. This convention means that in 100 studies that have yielded positive results, we are willing to accept that in 5 studies these results will be due to chance alone. The probability that a type I error has occurred in a positive study is the exact P value reported.


To cope with awkward and unreliable information in daily life issues, the theory of interval‐valued picture fuzzy set (IVPFS) is a useful idea to manage unpredictable and vague information. An IVPFS contains the degree of truth, abstinence, and falsity in the finite subset of a unit interval with a rule that is the sum of the upper parts of all degrees is cannot exceed from unit interval. In this study, to find the interrelationships among any number of IVPFSs, we examined the interval‐valued picture fuzzy frank averaging operator, interval‐valued picture fuzzy frank weighted averaging operator, interval‐valued picture fuzzy frank weighted geometric operator and discussed their properties. Moreover, some special cases of the presented operators based on IVPFSs are also discovered. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) by using the IVPFSs is also explored and discussed in their different aspects. Finally, a multiattribute decision‐making procedure is investigated by using proposed operators based on IVPFSs. We illustrated some numerical examples based on explored frank aggregation operators and AHP methods to examine the feasibility and validity of the presented approaches. The comparative analysis, geometrical representations, advantages of the investigated approaches are also discussed.


The drag-based model (DBM) is an analytical model appropriate for calculating kinematics of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in the interplanetary space and allows the prediction of their arrival times and impact speeds at any point in the heliosphere ("target"). The model is based on the assumption that beyond a distance of about 20 solar radii from the Sun, the dominant force acting on CMEs is the "aerodynamic" drag force. In the previously used form of DBM, the input parameters of the model are chosen on statistical basis, considering average and unperturbed conditions in the interplanetary space and common CME properties which are not necessarily appropriate for a particular CME under study. Therefore, we advanced the model, providing a DBM usage in a perturbed and time dependent environment without constraint on the distances above 20 solar radii. A modified and extended version of DBM is suitable for various applications, starting from automatic least-square fitting on initially detected CME kinematic data suitable for a real-time space-weather forecasting system, and ending with an embedding of the DBM into various numerical simulations of the interplanetary ambient conditions (solar wind speed, density, CME– CME interactions, etc.). For example, the DBM could be embedded into numerical codes of ENLIL, EUHFORIA, and similar advanced numerical models. A demonstration and evaluation of already available versions of the tool are discussed, and their feasibility of synergy with different numerical models is presented. Various DBM versions are available at web-site: http://www.geof.unizg.hr/~tzic/dbm.html. We acknowledge the support of European Social Fund under the "PoKRet" project.


Infectious diseases have the ability to expand their geographic range, jump species, become resistant to antimicrobial agents, and have become more virulent and frequent. Increasing concern about infectious diseases has also brought about developments in statistical and predictive models of viral transmission – contributing quantitative indicators of disease and population health worldwide. In this study, many geospatial web services and applications are built for the infectious disease surveillance. It demonstrates that geospatial technologies can support ongoing efforts in disease surveillance and control, public health planning and resource management, identification of high-risk groups, health promotion, prevention of exposures, and reduction in mortalities – with applications that can bridge the policy gap between the global North and South.


Institution and Home: Architecture as a Cultural Medium. Edited by Julia Williams Robinson. Amsterdam: Techne Press, 2006. ISBN: 90-8594007-9, MSP $74.00 Over the past 2 decades, much of the conversation regarding housing for the elderly has revolved around the topic of homelikeness. This has led to the emergence of assisted living, which is often defined in relation to a residential model for design. However, home is a multi-faceted concept, with significant latent meaning. It is for this reason that research reflects that assisted livings are not defined as home by residents despite integrating residential design features in often innovative and creative ways (Frank, 1999). Clearly these residential design features do assist in lessening the institutional quality of the congregate care environment, although they do not necessarily facilitate a sense of home for the residents. It is this dialectic between home and institution that has been the primary research agenda for Julia Robinson for more than 20 years. Although focused initially on the needs of a developmentally disabled population, Robinson's research on home versus institution has great relevance for housing for the elderly. Her research "began with a practical question: How can we understand the difference between the architecture of institutional housing and ordinary housing so that we can provide the best opportunities for people . . . to make a place and an identity for themselves in their housing?" (p. 64). Institution and Home: Architecture as a Cultural Medium synthesizes the theoretical and empirical development of this line of inquiry through an introduction and 9 chapters that are organized in a traditional reportingof-research outline. The introduction articulates Robinson's underlying premise that architecture is a cultural medium. Later, she suggests that her perspective of architecture is that it makes manifest cultural schemata that


This paper studies a feedback queueing system with correlated departures. Departures take place only at transition marks. Inter-arrival times and inter-transition times follow exponential distributions. Transient-state queue length probabilities and laplace transform of the generating function of transient-state queue length probabilities are obtained. A few special cases of interest are also derived. Various probabilities relating the model are obtained numerically and are compared graphically.


The evaluation of high-voltage groundwall insulation aged under long-term operating conditions is addressed using three sets of Roebel bars removed from large hydrogenerators after several decades of service. To cover an important cross-section of the possible operating regimes for typical hydros, the units involved in the study were selected to represent (i) the air-cooled Pumped-storage, (ii) the air-cooled base-load and (iii) the water-cooled base-load service regimes. Experimental techniques were used to permit assessment of the insulation condition under visual, electrical and morphological aspects. Contrary to what is usually assumed, the results suggest that the pumped-storage operating regime, with its repeated thermal-mechanical cycles of start-stops may create only minimum aging to the groundwall insulation while, in some particular cases, units operating at relatively low temperatures and under mild base-load conditions, may be found to exhibit a more severe insulation degradation in the long run.


The utility model relates to a remote data collector for fixed wing unmanned plane line inspection, which comprises a flight control unit (5), a camera lens (6), a high-definition camera (8), a video image emission unit (7), a ground image receiving unit (3), a display screen (4), a ground instruction control unit (2) and a ground station computer (1), wherein the flight control unit is arranged on a fixed wing unmanned plane, the camera lens (6) is connected with the output of the flight control unit, the high-definition camera (8) is provided with a storage medium (9), the video image emission unit (7) is connected with the camera lens, the display screen (4) is connected with the ground image receiving unit, the ground station computer (1) is connected with the ground instruction control unit, the flight control unit is in wireless connection with the ground instruction control unit, and the video image emission unit is in wireless connection with the ground image receiving unit. When the fixed wing unmanned plane with the remote data controller carries out electric power transmission line inspection, the camera and the camera lens can accurately track the electric power line targets and obtain the complete image information of an electric power line passage, and the requirements of electric power line inspection work are met.


Stereotype lift occurs when non–targets perform better in a stereotype–relevant testing situation compared to a testing situation that is less stereotype–relevant. The boundary conditions of this effect, however, are not well understood. To this end, the present research focuses on one critical moderator of stereotype lift, namely activation of non–targets' social self in stereo-type–relevant (i


Accurately measuring moisture in dry bulk materials is one of the keys to ensuring that a final product will meet your quality requirements. However, choosing the right method from the range of moisture-measurement techniques out there isn't a simple matter. This article will help you make sense of your options by explaining how moisture-measurement methods are applied, how they work, and how to choose one for your application. The methods discussed in this paper fall into two categories: lab methods (Karl-Fischer titration and gravimetric analysis: dry chamber, microwave drying and infrared drying methods), in which a material sample is analyzed in a lab away from the process line, and inline methods (capacitive, infrared, microwave, neutron ray and gamma ray, and conductive), in which data from a remote moisture sensor (or other measuring device) mounted on a material storage vessel or process equipment in the process line is used to calculate the material's moisture content.


black and white exterior oblique distant view of 2 sides of building / driveway and grass lawn with leafless trees in foreground / sidewalk leading up to building


The impact of breast cancer on the emotional and social health of women and their families is an important issue. A diagnosis of cancer marks the start of a stressful illness with a long period of medical treatments and side effects, prognostic uncertainty, disfigurement and general disruption of life. Many survivors and health care professionals have identified the need for continuing adequate psychosocial support for long-term adaptation to breast cancer; such support may even affect survival. 1 Nevertheless, only between 1% and 10% of patients with breast cancer participate in group interventions, 2 and evidence suggests that medical, practical and stylistic barriers may account for this underuse. 3 Stylistic barriers consist of attitudes of potential members that are inconsistent with the group's format (for example, individuals may be too shy to join a formal group) or subject matters that render the meetings boring. For rural communities, practical hurdles often predominate. These include lack of health services, small population and geographic isolation. For many, this leads to a perception of "being alone" on the long road to recovery. Communications and computer-based technologies can overcome some of the obstacles that reduce the use by breast cancer survivors of face-to-face peer-group interventions. 2,4–11


To the Editor—In their recent article, Martin et al. [1] report an important phase 1 clinical trial of a DNA vaccine for West Nile Virus. They conclude that "[t]his clinical study represents the first report of neutralizing antibody activity elicited by a DNA vaccine in humans" [1, p. 1739]; the accompanying editorial commentary, by Peterson and Roehrig, repeats this claim [2, p. 1722]. Although Martin et al. elegantly demonstrate neutralizing-antibody responses by using plaque-reduction neutralization and reporter-virus particles, multiple earlier clinical trials demonstrating putative neutralizing-antibody responses have been reported. To our knowledge, the first report of a protective antibody response induced by a DNA vaccine was published in 2000 by Roy et al. [3]. DNA encoding the surface antigen of hepatitis B virus (HBV) was administered to 12 healthy, hepatitis-naive human volunteers via particle-mediated epidermal delivery (PMED). All volunteers developed protective antibody responses, defined as 10 mIU/mL. This level of antibody response against HBV has long been considered sufficient to protect against HBV infection [4]. Subsequent studies confirmed that this HBV DNA vaccine could elicit antibody responses in those who do not respond to conventional vaccine [5] and could increase antibody titers when administered via a disposable, commercial prototype device [6]. These reports, in combination with other clinical studies of DNA vaccines for a variety of pathogens, provide considerable evidence to support further human trials of DNA vaccines. Both the PMED system used in these HBV DNA vaccine studies and the Biojector 2000 NeedleFree Injection Management System that Martin et al. use for West Nile virus are excellent examples of innovative needlefree methods for the delivery of DNA vaccine. These novel delivery methods provide increased hope for the development of a commercially feasible DNA vaccine for use in humans.


In this paper, we developed a control system hardware based on ROS and mapping and localization for two cooperative robots' self-driving and working in an unknown area. We applied the SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) technology to recognize the robots' positions and environment conditions in the unknown area. And we also developed an UI system with C# windows programming to communicate between robots, and connected this UI to ROS. In order to improve the traditional architecture of ROS system and to use no outside sensors for self-driving and controlling of multi-robots, we designed a new hybrid architecture that only one PC served the task of master and the embedded system of Odroid-U3 and sensors were installed inside of two robots for communicating to master. By improving a control system with Linux, Windows, PC, and embedded board, the location of robot could be estimated successfully without expensive sensors and space markers. So, we expect that controlling of multiple robots in unknown working area would be possible easily without complex path planning of former studies.


In the currently predominant AC-Grid, energy reserves are provided by the inertia of rotating synchronous generators. In a potential DC-Grid, there is no such inherent energy reserve and thus additional energy storage (ES) is required to ensure grid stability. The Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) is an emerging technology for HVDC-Grid applications and offers a convenient way of connecting ES to the grid. Short strings of batteries or supercapacitors can be integrated directly into the MMC submodules, creating an ES enabled MMC, which reduces the susceptibility of the system to an individual ES cell failure. Since connecting ES to the submodule cells requires additional electrical devices (switches and/or inductors), reducing the number of submodules with integrated ES can significantly reduce the additional cost for ES integration. In most research conducted on this topic so far, the existence of ES in all MMC modules is assumed. However, the amount of ES in an ES enabled MMC can be reduced by utilizing circular currents to achieve energy balance between submodules with and without integrated ES. By inducing circular currents, energy can be transferred between any phase arms, and phase arms with ES can supply those without. The focus of this examination is the additional semiconductor load caused by the circular currents. It is shown that there is only a very small increase in the semiconductor load, when only a few arms supply the whole output power.


A new rich class of generalized two-sided power (TSP) distributions, where their density functions are expressed in terms of the Gauss hypergeometric functions, is introduced and studied. In this class, the symmetric distributions are supported by finite intervals and have normal shape densities. Our study on TSP distributions also leads us to a new class of discrete distributions on {0, 1, …, k}. In addition, a new numerical method for parameter estimation using moments is given.


This paper introduced the experiment principle and methods of the relative difference between pulse counts of wheel sensors in car tires.Through the road test on JETTA car,the results of relations between relative difference of pulse counts and tire pressure and the vehicle speed and the tire load were obtained.The analysis of experiment results provide a theory foundation for indirect tire pressure monitoring system research.


Enantioselective liquid–liquid extraction (ELLE) was adopted to separate atenolol (AT) enantiomers, where tartrate and boric acid (BA) were used as the chiral selector. Influence of process variables on extraction efficiency were studied, including type of tartaric acid derivatives, type of the organic solvent, pH of aqueous phase, molality of BA and tartaric acid derivatives, as well as temperature. A theoretical model was developed based on the mechanism research on reactive extraction of AT enantiomers by n-hexyl (L)-tartrate (LT) and BA. Important parameters of this model were determined. By modeling and experiment, the optimal conditions identified involve the LT molality of 0.0796 mol·kg–1, BA molality of 0.1 mol·kg–1, AT molality of 1.592 mmol·kg–1, and pH value of 9.00 at 278 K, where the obtained enantioselectivity (α) is 1.8951 and performance factor (pf) is 0.0608.


The theory of Raman scattering from the vibrations of amorphous materials is applied to the spectra of B2O3 glass and its melt. Experimental evidence is obtained indicating that low frequency scattering in the melt liquid is also due to first order scattering from intermolecular vibrational states. The relationship among several scattering mechanisms in liquids is discussed.


Talking about the global advantages of the Internet is almost a cliche at this point. The Internet has given publishers great and small the ability to cost-effectively reach world-wide audiences previously unreachable. Librarians and other information consumers in return benefit by having access to a wealth of information resources. Secure access, licensing and subscriber systems allow commercial exploitation of these resources for the benefit of both producers and consumers worldwide. However, recent court rulings have shown that worldwide access to information can create worldwide headaches for the information industry.


Based on the numerical simulation of a ground source heat pump system, this paper presents a new optimized model, in which a synthetic economic parameter is presented as target function. Synchronously, a dynamical control method adapted the new model is adopted to improve the performance of the system. The study on the application of this method has also carried out in actual engineering. The result shows that by using this method, the ground source heat pump system has a high energy efficiency and low cost. The study in this paper provides theoretical guidance for the design and application of ground source heat pump systems.


The main concepts of economic psychology of ХХ-XI century are presented in this paper. Social-psychological aspects of study of consumer behavior in foreign and Russian psychological studies are intimately examined. The main perspectives and limitations of theory of activity in relations of interpreting consumer behavior are shown.


Using cumulative method,one has investigated linear regression model in paper,the effect is comparable with least squares method.In this paper,the method is applied to the semiparametric modelboth estimators of parameter X and nonparameter s(t_i) are obtained.In succession,an example is imitated,which shows validity of cumulative method.Using cumulative method and penalized least squares method,we can derive the results very much alkike,but the former can avoid some deficiencies of the latter.Moreover,the perfect result is obtained if the both methods are hung together.


Objective To investigate the change of plasma heparin concentration and relationship with blood coagulation dysfunction during and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods The plasma heparin concentrations with a factor Xa specific chromogenic substrate in laboratory under low dose protamine reversal of heparin during and after CPB in patients (n=25) with rheumatic valve disease undergoing valve replacement were measured. At the same time the coagulation indicators such as activated clotting time(ACT), prothrombin time( PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT) were detected.Results (1) At termination of CPB the mean plasma heparin concentration (11.06 U/mL) was significantly decreased to 0.84 of that (13.16 U/mL) at beginning of heparinilization(P 0.05). Compared with that before CPB,the plasma heparin concentrations were almost stable in 5 hours after protamine reversal of heparin(P 0.05). (2) After protamine reversal of heparin, the ACTs were immediately closed to preoperative level(P 0.05) and stable, however, PT and APTT were still significantly longer(P 0.05) than those before operation while there was an obvious tendency to normal.Conclusion The low dose protamine can neutralize anticoagulation effect of heparin sufficiently based on the ratio (0.8 mg protamine:100 U heparin). The main reason of coagulopathy following CPB is not insufficient protamine reversal of heparin, but the CPB itself.


5105 Background: Synchronous cancers involving ovaries as well as uterine corpus are well-known events in gynecologic malignancies. These tumors may be independently derived, non-metastatic tumors (dual primary tumors; DP) or a tumor from one organ with metastasis to the other (single primary tumor with Metastasis; SPM). In the majority of these synchronous cancers, both tumors are histologically endometrioid adenocarcinomas, which may cause a diagnostic difficulty to distinguish DP and SPM. By genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays, we can obtain chromosomal copy number alterations (CNA) throughout the genome in a single assay. We hypothesized the CNA by SNP arrays might be highly informative for genetic diagnosis in the synchronous endometrioid adenocarcinomas.

METHODS
We genetically diagnosed ten tumors from five patients with synchronous endometrial and ovarian carcinomas, using 250K SNP typing arrays and mutational analysis of PIK3CA, PTEN, K-Ras and CTNNB1under informed consent and institutional reveiw board approval. We evaluated whether conventional pathological diagnosis is compatible with the genetic diagnosis.

RESULTS
Three of the five patients show identical CNA, including type, loci and degree of each alteration, between the endometrial and the ovarian carcinomas. The other two show CNA only in either endometrial or ovarian carcinoma. All the five tumors possess one or more genetic mutations in the genes examined. One patient showed mutations both in PIK3CA and PTEN at discordant sites between endometrial and ovarian carcinomas, whereas the other four showed concordant mutations. Together, four of the five were genetically diagnosed as SPM and the remaining one was as DP. The pathological diagnosis was not in agreement with the molecular diagnosis in four of the five cases.

CONCLUSIONS
Our data suggest that most of the copy number alterations might occur before metastases and that genome-wide genotyping may represent a useful approach to distinguish between SPM and DP in synchronous endometrial and and ovarian carcinomas. As chromosomal instability is commonly observed, SNP array genotyping might be applicable to synchronous tumors in other organs.


The invention relates to a lyophilization technology for preparing bivalirudin for injection. According to the technology, pre-freezing processes of bivalirudin are researched without changing the existing bivalirudin formula, and an annealing operation is added, so preparation products are obtained; and compared with preparation products obtained through common lyophilization technologies, the preparation products obtained through the lyophilization technology disclosed in the invention have the advantages of good appearance and stable quality.


Probability and logistic functions have proven quite useful in our work on mathematical models of crop growth and yields over the last fifteen years. Articles have been written in which the models have been applied to different crops on a variety of soils at various locations around the world, and for which model parameters have been evaluated. At first glance this work appears to be an attempt to model the plant system. However, upon further examination it becomes clear that what is being modeled is information about the system and not the physical system directly. In this article we examine the models in the framework of Fisher information and identify the key parameters for the probability and logistic models.


In scale relativity, quantum mechanics is recovered by transcribing the classical equations of motion to fractal spaces and demanding, as dictated by the principle of scale relativity, that the form of these equations be preserved. In the framework of this theory, however, the form of the classical energy equations both in the relativistic and nonrelativistic cases are not preserved. Aiming to get full covariance, i.e., to restore to these equations their classical forms, we show that the scale-relativistic form of the Schrödinger equation yields the Pauli equation, whilst the Pissondes's scale-relativistic form of the Klein–Gordon equation gives the Dirac equation.


The invented source drive amplifier for the liquid crystal display possesses the first and second input circuit. The output of the first output circuit, which is switched to be as NMOS differential amplification circuit, drives PMOS transistor, which is as the magnifying output stage of the source, in pair of the output transistor. The current provided by the NMOS transistor in the pair of the output transistor is as the bias voltage for the said NMOS transistor. The output of the second output circuit, which is as PMOS differential amplification circuit, drives the NMOS transistor, which is as the drawing drawing magnifying output stage, in the pair of the output transistor. The current provided by the PMOS transistor in the pair of the output transistor is as the bias voltage for the said NMOS transistor.


We developed the novel coursework of 'NIE community activity teaching-learning plan' in the unit of 'Clothing Life' of the 7th 'Technology-Home Economics' curriculum and applied it to classes in the middle school. The educational themes of 'Textile and Cloth', 'Purchase, Usage and Storage of Clothes', 'Laundry of Clothes', Recycling and Disposal of Clothes' were extracted from ten kinds of textbooks. And eight lessons of NIE community activity teaching-learning plan were developed. Ninety-seven students at second grade in 3 classes of the middle school were randomly enrolled in this study. After learning, their environmental recognition and educational interest and attitude on the class of NIE community activity were investigated. The general environmental recognition of most students was improved via NIE community activity, which is emphasizing on the analysis of articles of newspapers, the critical and creative thinking, and the mutual discussion. The environmental recognition related to 'Textile and Cloth', 'Purchase, Usage and Storage of Clothes', 'Laundry of Clothes', Recycling and Disposal of Clothes' was significantly improved. Educational interest and attitude on the class of NIE community activity were also improved of great significance. The novel contents and methods of NIE community activity were evaluated to help students understand the class better and enhance their environmental recognition higher. With these results, NIE community activity teaching-learning plan might not only improve the educational interest and attitude, but also enhance the environmental recognition of the students.


The epibiont communities of the freshwater shrimp Caridina ensifera, endemic to Lake Poso (Sulawesi, Indonesia), were analysed for the first time based on their morphological and biometrical characteristics and taxonomic position. Seven ciliated protozoans and a rotifer were examined: three suctorian ciliate protozoan species (Acineta sulawesiensis, Podophrya maupasi, and Spelaeophrya polypoides), three peritrichs (Zoothamnium intermedium, Vorticella globosa, and Cothurnia compressa), a haptorid (Amphileptus fusidens), and the rotifer species Embata laticeps. A mean number of 314.6 epibionts was found per shrimp specimen. The distribution of the epibiont species on the surface of the basibiont was recorded, to allow calculation of the density on the different colonized individuals of C. ensifera and on each anatomical unit of the shrimp. The most abundant species, Zoothamnium intermedium and Acineta sulawesiensis, were also the ones most widely distributed. The statistical analysis showed that Zoothamnium, Acineta, Podophrya, and Embata were the epibiont genera most widely distributed on the basibiont, and the pairs of epibiont genera Zoothamnium–Embata, Podophrya–Acineta, Spelaeophrya–Amphileptus, and Cothurnia–Vorticella followed a similar pattern of distribution. There was a significant difference between the distribution patterns of the different epibiont species on the shrimp. The analysis of the densities of the epibionts throughout the longitudinal axis of the shrimp showed a gradient from the anterior to the posterior end of the body, and a significantly different distribution of each epibiont species. Their colonization follows a certain pattern of behaviour, the species occupying the available substratum, with particular requirements of each functional group, but with a trend resulting in equilibrium among species and groups, compensating for diversity and density. The possible adaptations of the epibionts, as well as the colonization patterns are discussed.


Kim, Jong-Bok. 2018. Expressing sentential negation across languages: A construction-based HPSG perspective. Linguistic Research 35(3), 583-623. Each language employs its own grammatical device to express negation. This positional paper discusses four main ways of negation we find in natural languages: morphological negative, auxiliary negative, adverbial negative, and clitic-like negative. The paper first critically reviews derivational views in accounting for the grammatical properties of these four different types of negation and then offers a Construction-based HPSG analysis for each type. It argues that it is more viable to admit different morphological and syntactic categories of negation rather than to posit the uniform syntactic category Neg for all these types of negation. The paper also shows that it is more optimal to allow a modular approach between morphology and syntax, while allowing tight interactions among different grammatical levels. (Kyung Hee University)


PURPOSE
To assess the effectiveness of converting a conventional mandibular denture (CMD) into a single-implant mandibular overdenture (SIMO).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Edentulous subjects received a new set of CMDs and were randomly assigned to CMD or SIMO groups. For SIMO patients, a midline, early loaded implant was placed and incorporated into the CMD after 3 weeks. Patient satisfaction and oral health-related quality of life were assessed at baseline and up to 1 year. Regression models were constructed using generalized estimating equations.

RESULTS
After 12 months, 32 patients were assessed (CMD: n = 17; SIMO: n = 15). Significant improvement was observed for the SIMO group when compared to baseline measures.

CONCLUSION
SIMO may be considered an effective alternative for patients unsatisfied with their CMDs.


This chapter adopts a reflective approach exploring and setting out the contrasting factors that led to the establishment of the subdiscipline in both countries. The factors included the role of key individuals and their respective academic backgrounds and specialisations within each country's higher education system. Furthermore, attention is given to the particular circumstances in a case analysis comparison of the oldest programs in Aotearoa/New Zealand and Australia. This sheds light upon the factors linked to the disproportionate success profile for the sociology of sport in Aotearoa/New Zealand. An analysis of scholars and programs within each country reveals important differences aligned with the politics of funding and the variety and extent of systematic structures. Additionally, scholars' specialisations and preferences reveal a broad offering but are primarily linked to globalisation, gender relations, indigeneity and race relations, social policy, and media studies. This work has been undertaken variously via the critical tradition including Birmingham School cultural studies, ethnographic and qualitative approaches and, more recently by some, a postmodern poststructuralist trend. Lastly, along with a brief discussion of current issues, future challenges are set out.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide photolithography of a multicolor image onto a single sheet or base material without printing, particularly a proof of color separation positive as the preparation of multicolor planographic copying. SOLUTION: A photosensitive component acting as positive contains (a) a release layer, (b) a photosensitive layer containing a photosensitizer soluble in an aqueous solution with pH of about 8.4-9.8 and acting as positive, and a copolymer with an acrylic acid or methacrylic acid part, and (c) an adhesive layer. COPYRIGHT: (C)1996,JPO


The development of efficient catalysts is of great importance for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of water splitting via electrocatalytic/photocatalytic processes to remediate the current severe environmental and energy problems. By aid of the stabilization effects of uncoordinated groups and inherent pore‐confinement of amine‐functionalized metal–organic frameworks (NH2‐MIL‐125), two forms of Ru species including nanoparticles (NPs) and/or single atoms (SAs) can be firmly embedded in NH2‐MIL‐125 derived N‐doped TiO2/C support (N‐TC), and thus obtain two kinds of samples named Ru‐NPs/SAs@N‐TC and Ru‐SAs@N‐TC, respectively. In the synthetic process, the initial feeding amount of Ru3+ ions not only strongly determines the final size and dispersion states of Ru species but also the morphology and defective structures of N‐TC support. Impressively, Ru‐NPs/SAs@N‐TC exhibit superior catalytic activities to Ru‐SAs@N‐TC for either electrocatalytic or photocatalytic HER. This should be attributed to its larger specific surface area and benefiting from synergistic coupling of Ru NPs and Ru SAs. It is envisioned that the present work can provide a new avenue for development of high‐efficiency and multifunctional hybrid catalysts in sustainable energy conversion.


This article studies three cinematic representations of the Galician migrant community in the United States: the documentaries Os 15000 de Newark (2007) and Little Spain (2014), and the feature-length film Little Galicia (2015). The analysis of these films focuses especially on the influence of their chosen framing on the migrants' performance of their cultural identity. By assessing the performative aspect of identity, this article also examines the possibility of considering Galicianness as a transnational positioning, globally or glocally performed, rather than a geographically fixed essence.


This paper explores the impact of gravity disturbances on INS accuracy and presents a method for real-time compensation during the navigation process. By utilizing data from the precise gravity model, EGM2008, a novel approach to compensate for the DOV in real time on the INS's built-in NPU was introduced. This method predicts gravity disturbances while traveling for platforms on both land and water, utilizing the MLP technique. To predict these gravity disturbances, four distinct MLP models, MLP1~MLP4, were designed and their supervised learning results were compared using HMSE and RMSE. This comparative analysis allowed us to identify that the MLP4 model exhibited the best performance. In order to validate the proposed method, MLP4 was implemented inside the NPU and the measured execution time was 1.041 ms. The field test was conducted with real-time execution of the MLP4 model on the NPU of the INS. The results of this field test clearly demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approach in enhancing position accuracy. Over the course of a 2 h field test, it was evident that employing the proposed method improved position accuracy by a notable 27%.


This paper describes the design and fabrication of an intelligent Irrigation control system that allows intelligent control of the water applied to the field at right amounts and times. The system should have the capabilities to measure the water content in the soil so water can be applied as needed. The WATERMARK soil moisture sensor based on the measurement of the soil tension will provide the measurement of the water content. The system measures the soil tension, soil temperature and rain status and records the data in a file for future reference. It will apply water to field if a certain level of soil water tension is reached. This intelligent Irrigation control system is suitable for universities, research centers and farms where a control of the soil water content is required. The system can be used to study the water requirements for crops so irrigation can be scheduled efficiently.


In this paper, an effective method based on Transform Invariant Low-rank Textures (TILT) and HOG is proposed to identify woven fabric pattern. Firstly, the method based on TILT is used to solve the deflection phenomenon in the process of woven fabric image acquisition. Secondly, the yarn floats in the fabric image is localized by the yarns segmentation method based on the 2D spatial-domain gray projection, which is used to segment the weft and warp yarns. Thirdly, HOG is applied to extract distinctive invariant features in the process of feature extraction. According to the HOG feature, the texture features of the woven fabric are acquired. Finally, the yarn floats are classified by Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering to recognize the weft and warp cross. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve the recognition of the three woven fabrics, plain, twill, and satin, and obtain accurate classification results.


Graphene has extremely high theoretical strength and electrothermal properties, and its application to Cu-based composites is expected to achieve a breakthrough in the performance of existing composites. As a nano-reinforced body, graphene often needs a long time of ball milling to make it uniformly dispersed, but the ball milling process inevitably brings damage to the graphene, causing the performance of the composite to deviate from expectations. Therefore, this paper uses CH4 as a carbon source to repair graphene through a CVD process to prepare low-damage graphene/Cu composites. The process of graphene defect generation was studied through the ball milling process. The effects of defect content and temperature on the graphene repair process were studied separately. The study found that the graphene defect repair process, the decomposition process of oxygen-containing functional groups, and the deposition process of active C atoms existed simultaneously in the CVD process. When the repair temperature was low, the C atom deposition process and the oxygen-containing functional group decomposition process dominated. In addition, when the repair temperature is high, the graphene defect repair process dominated. 3 wt% graphene/Cu composites were prepared by pressure infiltration, and it was found that the bending strength was increased by 48%, the plasticity was also slightly increased, and the thermal conductivity was increased by 10–40%. This research will help reduce graphene defects, improve the intrinsic properties of graphene, and provide theoretical guidance for the regulation of C defects in composites.


Smart cameras have recently seen a large diffusion and represent a low-cost solution for improving public security in many scenarios. Moreover, they are light enough to be lifted by a drone. Face recognition enabled by drones equipped with smart cameras has already been reported in the literature. However, the use of the drone generally imposes tighter constraints than other facial recognition scenarios. First, weather conditions, such as the presence of wind, pose a severe limit on image stability. Moreover, the distance the drones fly is typically much high than fixed ground cameras, which inevitably translates into a degraded resolution of the face images. Furthermore, the drones' operational altitudes usually require the use of optical zoom, thus amplifying the harmful effects of their movements. For all these reasons, in drone scenarios, image degradation strongly affects the behavior of face detection and recognition systems. In this work, we studied the performance of deep neural networks for face re-identification specifically designed for low-quality images and applied them to a drone scenario using a publicly available dataset known as DroneSURF.


In liquid culture stem tissue of Paul's Scarlet rose produces a suspension containing cell aggregates of extremely variable dimensions. There is, however, a definite pattern of change in the degree of cell aggregation over time. During the period of most rapid cell division large aggregates form as the result of a minimal separation of the proliferating cells. As the rate of cell division slows, the average number of cells per aggregate decreases. The dissociation of cell aggregates continues at a uniform rate after cell division has stopped. Cell separation is inhibited at low (0.1 mg/i) auxin (NAA) concentrations and by substitution of sucrose for glucose in the culture medium. Cell separation is delayed (but not greatly inhibited) by kinetin. The presence of casein hydrolysate prevents the formation of the large cell aggregates normally occurring in the early stages of the culture cycle. A variant strain which shows a much higher degree of cell separation has been isolated from stock callus tissue grown on solid medium. INVESTIGATIONS OF many apects of cell physiology and metabolism have been facilitated by the use of liquid suspension cultures of higher plant tissue. Examples include detailed studies of cell division (Stuart and Street, 1969), cell wall synthesis (Rubery and Northcote, 1970), proteinamino acid biosynthesis (Dougall and Fulton, 1967), and acetate metabolism (Fletcher and Beevers, 1970). One of the problems encountered in the suspension culture of higher plant cells is the formation of nonuniform tissue clumps that range in size from a few to hundreds and even thousands of cells. Although single cells do occur they are usually released from multicellular aggregates (Street, Henshaw, and Buiatti, 1965). A suspension containing only single cells and cell pairs, i.e., the complete separation of cells following division, has not been reported. The heterogeneity of suspension cultures results in varying surface to volume ratios, unknown diffusion gradients, and other undefined cell contact phenomena. The inability to culture higher plant cells like microorganisms (completely separated from one another) has severely limited the use of liquid culture techniques in genetic and biochemical studies of the type that have become classic in microbiology. A thorough understanding of how cell aggregates form and dissociate may lead to successful efforts to prevent their occurrence or limit their size. 1 Received for publication 14 June 1972. A callus culture of Paul's Scarlet rose was kindly provided by Dr. Cecil Stewart, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010. Street et al. (1965) have suggested that experimental control of the natural cementing substances between higher plant cells could be used to limit the size of cell aggregates. Regardless of whether or not such a specific mechanism exists it seems likely that cell aggregation and separation are controlled by events occurring at the cell surface and would likely involve the cell wall. Our ultimate goal is to examine the role that the cell wall and cell wall metabolism play in the formation and dissociation of cell aggregates. However, to examine the mechanisms of aggregation and separation it must be demonstrated that these processes are subject to some degree of regulation. In this paper we have investigated the growth of Paul's Scarlet rose tissue in suspension culture and report modifications in the medium that affect cell aggregation. MATERIALS AND METHODS-Paul's Scarlet rose tissue grows well on a completely defined medium and is suited for liquid culture since it can be accurately transferred by pipette. The medium used was a modification of the PN-25 medium described by Tulecke, Taggart, and Colavito (1965); all components of the various experimental media were autoclaved together. The standard carbon source for most stock cultures was 2 % glucose in place of sucrose. Callus cultures were maintained on medium solidified with 0.75 % agar and were subcultured every 30 days. Under these conditions the callus tissue is parenchymatous; it contains no recognizable differentiated cells. Cell suspensions were initiated by transferring 1.5-2.0 g of callus tissue (3-4 wk old) to 500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing 125 ml of liquid medium. After 9 days,


Optical grating-based interferometric sensors have been the subject of prior investigations, with recent work focused on micromachined microphone applications. The silicon structure is similar in construction to capacitive microelectromechanical-system microphones, with the exception that the microphone backplate contains an optical-diffraction grating at the center. The grating serves as a beam splitter in this system, allowing only a portion of the incident light to pass to the diaphragm and back, enabling interferometric readout of diaphragm displacements. A cited advantage of this system is the ability to design highly perforated backplates with low mechanical damping and with the ability to realize low thermal-mechanical noise. Grating backplates, however, have their own unique optical design constraints different from capacitive sensors. This paper details a rigorous finite element computational fluid dynamics model for flow resistance of a grating backplate. The model is validated for a case study backplate fabricated in the epitaxial layer of a 2-μm silicon-on-insulator wafer. The dynamics of the backplate are studied in isolation from other microphone elements by mounting the backplate in close proximity to a rigid optical-reflector and using electrostatic actuation to vibrate the backplate for extraction of compliance, resonance frequency, and quality factor.


Based on the definition of implication-based fuzzy subgroup of a finite group given by Yuan, implication-based Tfuzzy subgroup and implication-based Tnormal fuzzy subgroup of a finite group is defined. Some properties of them are proved in this paper. Also T− product, Ṫ− product and T ′ − product of these implication-based T-fuzzy subgroups of a finite group are defined and its properties are discussed. AMS Subject Classification: 03E72, 08A72, 20N25


This paper analyzes a two-sided market model in which platforms compete for advertisers and users. Platforms are differentiated from the users' perspective but are homogenous for advertisers. I show that, although there is Bertrand competition for advertisers, platforms obtain positive margins in the advertising market. In addition, platforms' profits can increase in the users' nuisance costs of advertising. As a general insight, I obtain that factors affecting competition in the user market in a well-known direction without externalities now have opposing effects due to competition in the advertiser market. The model can also explain why private TV platforms benefit if their public rivals are regulated to advertise less—a result at odds with models in which there is no competition for advertisers.


A theoretical model for autoignition of wood is developed. The model considers the processes occurring in both solid and gas phases. In the solid phase, a one-dimensional heat conduction model is employed. Char surface oxidation, which can lead to glowing ignition, is taken into account at the solid-gas interface surface. By "glowing ignition", it means the onset of surface combustion. Criteria for glowing ignition are developed based on a surface energy balance. In the gas phase, a transient two-dimensional laminar boundary layer approximation for gas phase transport equations is constructed. The gas phase model is coupled with the solid phase model via the solid-gas interface surface. Flaming autoignition occurs when the maximum gas reaction rate exceeds a critical value. A numerical result from the coupled gas phase and solid phase models shows that autoignition of the combustible gases behaves in two fashions as autoignition type I at high heat flux ( i q ′ ′ �> 40 kW/m 2 ) and autoignition type II at low heat flux ( i q ′ ′ �< 40 kW/m 2 ). In the type I autoignition, the flaming occurs just an instant after glowing ignition is initiated, while in the type II autoignition, the solid undergoes glowing ignition long before the flaming is achieved. Comparisons between the theoretical and experimental results are presented to demonstrate capabilities and limitations of the present model.


A cartesian tree can be used to manage a pool of storage so that typically the allocation or release of a variable-length area takes time O(logM), where M = number of discontiguous available blocks. It neither incurs the spacial penalty of 'Buddy' methods nor has the restrictions associated with tags. It can support the same programming interface that is conventionally associated with 'First Fit', without using additional storage, and with much better performance when M is large. 1. Preamble Consider a storage allocation routine which manages a 'pool' of storage, and has two entry points named (say) allocate and release, which may be called from divers other programs. Allocate is called when a program requires a piece of storage for its own use: the calling program supplies the length needed, and the storage allocation routine finds an available piece in the pool and provides its address. Release is called when a piece that was previpusly allocated is no longer required and can therefore be made available for reallocation: in this case the calling program supplies both the address and the length. Storage allocation routines of this general kind exist in most operating systems and in many other programs. This paper presents a data stru,cture, and some new algorithms, for implementing them.


In the early nineteenth century, by proving there is not a radical solution of the general equation , Galois established group theory with which profound mathematical language tcould describe the basic concept of symmetry made the algebra into a new era. The article besed on the birth of Galois theory thinking the Earlier, after philosophy of mathematics, that: pure mathematics is not entirely free invention, the construction of mathematical objects has their history of mathematics and Abstract structure of the source, and mathematical problem is to deal with the needs of nature and The ultimate measure of the various conventions. New concept in the context of the specific context, mathematical truth is discovered and the unity of invention.


The safety validation of automated driving of SAE level 3 and higher (AD) is still an unsolved issue. In the validation process, criticality metrics can be used for two different purposes. First, for the identification of test scenarios from recorded data that are later tested in simulation. Secondly, for an estimation of the safety of a specific AD system based on the likelihood of critical situations in test drives or in other words as a safety surrogate. In the past, different metrics for those purposes have been defined that work well in specific scenarios such as longitudinal traffic. However, a metric that describes criticality in all situations and is applicable to human and AD traffic is currently not available. In this paper, an approach to define a criticality metric is introduced. The metric is based on the definition of criticality as the level of driving requirements in the specific situation. The computation of the proposed metric uses elements of model predictive control using an objective function that contains four elements that describe the difficulty of the driving task. Based on those demands and a simplified driving dynamics model, the solution with the minimal criticality is computed. Finally, the metric is tested in four test scenarios that are typical for highway traffic. A short parameter variation study is conducted in order to study certain effects of the algorithm and to identify room for improvement.


Council-manager governments in the United States have been an important venue for observing the general relationship between politics and administration. Although the roles of the mayor and council members, on the one hand, and the city manager and staff, on the other, have sometimes been viewed as strictly separate, officials have blended democracy and professionalism in ways that maintain distinct but shared roles. It is possible, however, that changing conditions in local government may create pressures that alter official roles and the relative contributions of officials. This is particularly likely in large cities about which the question has perennially been asked whether the council-manager form of government is viable. Although the council-manager form has been most commonly used in moderately small to moderately large cities, only in recent decades have many cities that use council-manager government grown into "large" cities.(1) Now over two-fifths of cities exceeding 200,000 in population use the council-manager form. This study focuses on these 31 cities.(2) The group includes five cities at or near the million population mark--Dallas, Phoenix, San Antonio, San Diego, and San Jose. All of these as well as 23 of the other 26 are sunbelt cities. Although the sunbelt has been viewed as relatively placid and homogeneous, its cities have become ever more diverse places with intense interest group politics (Ehrenhalt, 1991; Benest, 1991). Determining whether roles are shifting presumes norms against which to measure current attitudes and behavior. As a starting point, we will presume that elected officials set broad goals and ultimately approve most policy decisions, oversee program accomplishment, and appraise the city manager's performance but refrain from direct involvement in implementation and service delivery or in specific management decisions. City managers advise the council on the city's direction, propose policies, and handle implementation and organizational management. Empirical research has shown that officials generally fill these roles in a coordinated way and, as cause and consequence of coordination, maintain a positive relationship. The question to be explored is whether these characteristics are changing and whether the conceptual model needs to be revised in large cities where one finds a high level of political activity that may strain the coordination of roles and cooperative relationship among officials. Changing Roles and Relationships in Large. Council-Manager Cities It has long been presumed that the council-manager form of government faces special challenges in large cities,(3) and there are several reasons to expect unique circumstances in such cities. They are more heterogeneous, and the media magnify political affairs. The problems large cities face tend to more complex, more interrelated, and more difficult to handle. In general, the political environment of the large city is highly charged. Some argue that the council-manager form is not well suited to manage conflict (Banfield and Wilson, 1963) and that a strong elected executive is needed in such cities (Gurwitt, 1993, versus Blodgett, 1994). As a consequence, relationships may be strained and the coordinated division of roles may break down in large council-manager cities. These expectations have never been tested in systematic research on the performance of council-manager government in large cities. To fill this gap, a questionnaire was distributed to the mayor and council members and to the city manager, deputy and assistant city managers, and the department heads in Finance, Public Works, and Police in the large council-manager cities.(4) Initial mailings were sent in 1995 with follow-up requests in early 1996. For council members, it is possible to compare results with responses in a 1989 national survey of elected officials in cities over 200,000 in population.(5) Some important comparisons can also be made with the attitudes of council members and administrators from six moderately large council-manager cities who were interviewed in 1985 (from Svara, 1990). …