Reactive flow cylinder code runs on six explosives were made with rate constants varying from 0.03 to 70 μs. Six unconfined/steel sets of original ANFO and dynamite data are presented. A means of comparing confinement effects both at constant radius and at constant detonation velocity is presented. Calculations show two qualitatively different modes of behavior. For U/C≥ 1.2, where U, is the detonation velocity and C the zero-pressure sound speed in steel, we find a sharp shock wave in the metal. The shock passes through the steel and the outer wall has a velocity jump-off. For U/C, ≤ 1.04, we find a pressure gradient that moves at the detonation velocity. A precursor pulse drives in the explosive ahead of the detonation front. The outer wall begins to move outward at the same time the shock arrives in the explosive, and the outer wall slowly and continuously increases in velocity. The U C ≥ 1.2 cylinders saturate in detonation velocity for thick walls but the UC << 1.04 case does not. The unconfined cylinder shows an edge lag in the front that approximately equals the reaction zone length, but the highly confined detonation front is straight and contains no reaction zone information. The wall thickness divided by the reaction zone length yields a dimensionless wall thickness, which allows comparison of explosives with different detonation rates. Even so, a rate effect is found in the detonation velocities, which amounts to the inverse 0.15 0.5 power.


This paper discusses a new methodology for the synthesis of planar four-bar linkages with rotary joints based on a desired coupler curve. This was performed by first deriving a closed-form expression relating the coupler points to the corresponding crank orientations, which in turn evaluated to zero when the desired point is reached exactly at the specified crank angle. The residual values of this expression, evaluated at a number of crank locations, were used to construct an objective function. The minima of the formulated objective function with respect to the geometry of the linkage yielded the desired solutions. Addition of penalty terms (constraints) to the above objective function ensured full-cycle mobility of the crank along with practically achievable linkage proportions. A genetic algorithm, namely the Non dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) had been used to rectify the problem of unconstrained optimization. A local optimisation process using the lsqnonlin procedure of Matlab overcome the usual sluggishness of convergence by the process of refinement while the global exploration capabilities of the GA were exploited to arrive quickly at multiple candidate solutions. The stated method had been illustrated in this paper using three numerical examples. It has been observed that the proposed method has resulted in better solutions than those reported in recent literature.


This chapter focuses on mobile photography in Tanzania, with an emphasis on the materiality of production and circulation. Shaped by the materiality of the mobile phone, a personal artefact that em ...


CR-39 has wide variety of applications in medicine, radiation protection and technology. The positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and UV-vis spectra of the plastic CR-3 9 track detector exposed to α-particle dose from 241Am-source in the range from 0 to 1049 mGy have been verified. Based on the analysis of the experimental data of the two techniques, the free volume hole defect was investigated. Such characterization of CR-39 provides available information that helps clarify the performance of CR-39 in other applications such as ionization radiation spectrometry.


An investigation into the behavior of removing low molecular organics from polymer pellets in a countercurrent extraction column is presented. A mathematical model is developed, describing it in terms of intraparticle diffusion, adsorption, interphase equilibrium, convection and dispersion. The corresponding parameters are determined using nonlinear regression. The resulting partial differential equations are solved using a numerical method. The validity of the model is verified by means of experimental data.


The overarching goal of this analysis, and the many like it, is to develop our understanding of the strong force interactions within the nucleon by examining the nature of their excitation spectra. As the resonances of these spectra have very short lifetimes (τ = 1 × 10 −23 s) and often have very similar masses, it is often impossible to directly observe them. Polarization observables allow us to study the resonances by looking at how they affect the spin state of final state particles. The beam asymmetry is a polarization observable that allows us to detect the sensitivity of these resonances, and other transition mechanisms, to the electric vector orientation of incident photons.

Presented in this thesis are first measurements of the beam asymmetries in the resonant region for the reaction channel γp → pπ+π− focusing on the intermediate mesonic states ρ0 and f0 . The analysis used data from the g8b experiment undertaken at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab), the first experiment at JLab to use a linearly polarized photon beam. Using the coherent Bremsstrahlung facility and the CLAS detector of Hall B at JLab allowed for many multi-channel reactions to be detected and the first measurements of many polarization observables, including those presented here, to be determined.

A brief overview of the theoretical framework used to undertake this analysis is given, followed by a description of the experimental details of the facilities used, then a description of the calibration of the Bremsstrahlung tagging facility which the author undertook, and finally the analysis and the resulting measurements are presented.


The source table for the I-O table for the Mauritian economy in GTAP version 6.1 is the Supply and Use table (SUT) 1997 compiled by the Central Statistical Office (CSO) of Mauritius and provided by Mr Dawnath, head of national accounts department.


Long before the days of Facebook, Twitter, and online forums, engineers and computer researchers started to imagine a "Galactic Network" of interconnected computers. Originally focused on defense and national security, the first forms of technologic networking began in the 1960s. As these networks grew, developers created new applications including the first email in 1973.1 In 2015, the world is a different place. While government organizations and agencies made up the initial networks, introduction of the World Wide Web in 1990 allowed individuals from the private sector to access this technology.2 Formally defined in 1995 as "a global information system," more than 3 billion people worldwide—40% of the world's population—use the Internet. In more developed countries such as the United States, more than 87% of individuals have Internet access.3,4 Google, Facebook, and Twitter, unknown merely a decade ago, are now household names. Health Care Online


ABSTRACT Drawing on an original dataset of Chinese protests, this article documents an evolving relationship between state coercive capacity and overt repression across administrations. Specifically, it finds that under Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao (2003–2012) protests in provinces with higher coercive capacity were less likely to meet with a crackdown, whereas the relationship between capacity and repression reversed during the first three years of Xi Jinping's rule (2013–2015). Although the study demonstrates that the two periods were on average very different, change-point analysis reveals that the inflection point toward a harder line came already in the late Hu-Wen era. The Xi administration's policies should therefore perhaps be understood more as a manifestation than a cause of shifts in the country's social control.


A self-sealing dual stethoscope head including a low frequency sound receiving bell, a high frequency sound receiving diaphragm, a selectively movable valve including a cylindrical valve seat having a first acoustical passage in sound communication with the bell and a second acoustical passage in sound communication with the diaphragm, and a cylindrical valve member having a radial opening for selective alignment and sound communication with the bell acoustical passage or the diaphragm acoustical passage upon rotation thereof, the cylindrical valve member being characterized by having at least a portion of an arcuate lengthwise segment of diminished radius as compared to the remaining lengthwise portion of the cylindrical valve member, means for urging the cylindrical valve member into sound sealing contact with the first or second acoustical passages within the valve seat and means for locking the cylindrical valve members into position during alignment with an acoustical passage.


This chapter highlights key aspects of the genetic variation present in group A Streptococcus (GAS), and relates this diversity to the evolution, reemergence, and strain diversification of this biomedically important human pathogen. Acquisition of the phage encoding these genes is thought to have contributed to the evolution of virulent S. equi from its closely related but benign putative ancestor, S. zooepidemicus. Important advances in our understanding of the evolution of Staphylococcus aureus have been made in recent years. Genetic analysis of natural populations of S. aureus in the late 1980s/early1990s provided the first estimates of the degree of genetic variation among strains associated with disease and resulted in novel insights about the evolutionary relationships of strains. Other strain analysis methods have confirmed the multiclone theory of MRSA evolution, including multilocus sequence typing, ribotyping, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. To investigate the evolution of RD13 and the Vr, phylogenetic trees were constructed based on DNA sequence of the conserved region of RD13 and the variable set genes. Genome-scale investigation of allelic variation, population genetics, and host interactions has provided answers to longstanding controversies, such as the evolution of methicillin-resistant strains of S. aureus and the emergence of toxic shock syndrome (TSS), and provided substrates for new testable hypotheses. Genome-scale investigation of allelic variation, population genetics, and host interactions has provided answers to long-standing controversies, such as the evolution of methicillin-resistant strains of S. aureus and the emergence of TSS, and provided substrates for new testable hypotheses.


Realization of $d$-dimensional effective subshifts as projective sub-actions of $d+d'$-dimensional sofic subshifts for $d'\geq 1$ is now well know~\cite{Hochman-2009,Durand-Romashchenko-Shen-2010,Aubrun-Sablik-2010}. In this paper we are interested in the speed of convergence of this realization. That is to say given an effective subshift $\Sigma$ realized as projective sub-action of a sofic $\T$, we study the function which on input an integer $k$ returns the smallest width of the strip which verify the local rules of $\T$ necessary to obtain exclusively the language of size $k$ of $\Sigma$ in the central row of the strip. We study this topological conjugacy invariant for effective subshifts in order to exhibit algorithmic properties of these subshifts.


The purpose of this paper is to grasp the context in which rumors were produced and spread in Korean society in the 1970s, and examine the 'subversiveness' of rumors in that context. Rumors in the 1970s were in direct defiance of the 'emergency measures' of the Yushin System that prohibited the fabrication and circulation of rumors. The number of people who were punished by the emergency measures was greatest with respect to those who were indicted for spreading rumors, and the government implemented severe punishments for spreading rumor in the late 1970s. Paradoxically, rumors continued to spread. The most distinguished characteristic of rumors is their 'everydayness.' Rumors are spread through people's daily activities such as conversation or letters. This everydayness made it difficult for the Korean government to maintain control. Daily life provided an optimal cover for subversive action. Although some subversive cases were reported and exposed, it is possible that many more evaded exposure. Daily life was a space where subversiveness and compliance co-existed, indeed. Rumors were spread in proportion to the strong media control of the Yushin System. Most people did not trust the government or the media. This distrust made people disbelieve the government's attempt to deny certain rumors, and made the plausible aspects of rumors seem all the more viable. Rumors further aggravated distrust in and complaints against authority in daily life, and were spread through the control of authority based on the diffused distrust and complaint. This ultimately meant the breakdown of the Yushin System, which had previously seemed pretty solid. The subversiveness of rumors can be seen in this phenomenon. The Yushin System suppressed resistance ruthlessly in the 1970s, but the rumors persisted, promoting further distrust and discontentment and, finally bringing about the breakdown of authority. The fact that plausible stories that could not be heard from government or the media were spread under continual suppression such as the emergency measures was meaningful to people in and of itself. As distrust in and complaints against the government and the media pervaded, rumors could easily obtain social consensus leading to a desire for freedom and justice. As social consensus increased, the speed and strength of rumors increased as well, and the breakdown of authority grew more severe. The subversiveness of rumors in the 1970s thus became a potential point of resistance against the Yushin System. This subversiveness, as a potential of resistance, eventually erupted as actual resistance in the elections and struggles of the late 1970s.


Introduction or decades educators have recognized that learners bring a variety of degrees of knowledge and of learning preferences to learning environments. These recognized differences in learning preferences have given rise to a number of strategies which have resulted in limited success in creating learning environments in which the strengths of the user are used to enrich the learning experience. The failure of this knowledge to provide marked improvements in the instructional delivery process is often attributable to the fact that the implementation of these strategies is performed with one individual acting in the role of facilitator. That is, one teacher, who by definition has a preferred learning style, is often expected to attend to the myriad learning styles of an entire class. Research has shown that to address these differences in this manner is a task for which most humans are unable to perform.


Abstrcat The working principle of the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is introduced and analyzed as well as the theoretic voltage model. Aiming at the serious complexity of Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) and the apparent shortcomings of the theoretic voltage model, we try to avoid the internal complexes of DMFC and set up the voltage and current density model with neural networks' ability for identifying the complex non-linear function based on the experimental data. With 1000 groups of experimental data of the cell voltage and current density as the training samples, and adopting the improved BP neural networks based on Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm, a cell voltage and current density identification model of DMFC at different working temperatures is given. The validity and accuracy of the model are proved by the simulation results.


In the course of PLC,the basic,repertoire and programming methods are usually instructed.A new teaching method of PLC teaching called tri-links is presented,in which repertoire and typical circuits,basic theories and experiments,and project designs and practices are linked together.Looking PLC course as a practice program,teaching of theories and education of practice are coupled.In the process of teach-ing,the tri-links method is implemented,with which the course period is decreased,and the parts of design and practice are enhanced.Students' abilities of applications are improved by the teaching innovation,which are experiences and successes of the PLC course.


This report summarizes the data on contraceptive knowledge attitudes and practices collected in 1983 by surveying sample populations living in 2 refugee camps in Thailand. More than 1/2 million refugees fled to Thailand in the aftermath of the Indochinese war. The refugees are officially viewed as temporary residents awaiting resettlement in other countries; however the rate of resettlement is declining and the Thai government is concerned that the size of the refugee population will continue to grow as a result of the natural increase of the population. In accordance with this concern the government sponsored the surveys to assess the vital rates and prospects of fertility control among the refugees. In 1981 there were 207104 Cambodians Laotians and Vietnamese living in Thai refugee camps. Another 250000 Cambodians lived near the Thai-Cambodian border but were not officially recognized as refugees. The official refugees lived in several camps. They were isolated from the rest of the population and assisted by various international agencies including the Planned Parenthood Association of Thailand. The surveyed samples consisted of 455 households in Napho a camp containing 20114 lowland Laotian refugees and 522 household in Vinai a camp of 35095 Hmong tribesmen from Laos. Both samples were randomly selected. The 2 groups were culturally and linguistically distinct. The findings of the study referred only to these 2 groups and not to the refugee population in general. Respectively for the lowland and Hmong groups the singulate mean marriage age was 20.3 years and 17.7 years the crude birth rate was 37.9 and 54.8 and the crude birth rate when standardized on the age structure of Thailand was 39.7 and 66.5. Among the lowland group ever married women aged 45-49 had an average of 7.3 children while the average family size preference of the total lowland group was 3.4 children. In contrast the respective figures for the Hmong refugees were 5.6 and 6.2. Lowland women were much less likely to want more children than Hmong women. Lowland men and women were considerably more knowledgeable about contraception than Hmong men and women; however among the lowland group women were better informed about contraception than men and in the Hmong group men were more informed than women. For the lowland Laotians 76.4% of the women and 57.6% of the men knew of at least 1 method. Respective figures for the Hmong were 3.0% and 22.2%. In both groups the majority of the women who knew of a method learned about the method after coming to Thailand. 60.9% of the lowland women and 8.5% of the Hmong women ever used a contraceptive. Currently 41.9% of the lowland women practiced contraception including 18.1% who relied on oral contraceptives (OCs) 12.0% who relied on injection 14.2% who relied on sterilization and 12.2% who relied on other methods. Only 3.4% of the Hmong women were currently contracepting and most of these women used OCs. The lowland women were more educated than the Hmong women. For lowland women there was considerable variation in contraceptive knowledge and use among different age and education groups while for the Hmong contraceptive use and knowledge were similar for all age and education groups. The differences between the 2 groups in family size preferences and contraceptive knowledge and use appeared to be due primarily to cultural differences. For example the Hmong women tended to be reticent while lowland women were more open and receptive to new ideas. Administrative differences in the 2 camps may also account for some of the differences in contraceptive knowledge and use. There were a number of women at both camps who wanted no more children but were not currently practicing contraception. Furthermore some lowland and Hmong women practiced contraception even though they wanted more children. These findings suggest that there is an unmet demand for contraceptives for both spacing and limiting purposes. If the women and especially the Hmong women had more knowledge about contraception they might reassess their family size preferences.


bjective :Traumatic brain injury including diffuse axonal injury has been shown to result in a decrease in brain-free magnesium concentration, an endogenous inhibitor of calcium entry into neuron, that is associated with the development of neurological motor deficits. The goal of this study is to establish the therapeutic window during which the therapy with MgSO 4 and/or hypothermia improve damaged neurons by TUNEL stain. hypothermic group, these rats were subjected to hypothermia after injury, with their rectal temperatures maintained at 32℃ for 1 hour. After 1-hour period of hypothermia, rewarming to normothermic level was accomplished over 30-minute period. In the groups treated MgSO 4 , hypothermia and MgSO 4 were subsequently treated with MgSO 4 (750μmoles/kg) infused intra-muscularly at 30 minutes after trauma. Result :In all treated groups, a significant reduction in TUNEL positive cells was found in comparison with the control group each time ( p < 0.001 ) . Between treatment groups, No differnce was seen 12hrs, 24hrs, and 1wk. However, hypothermic group treated with or without MgSO 4 showed more significant reduction in apoptotic cells than group treated with MgSO 4 2 weeks after trauma ( p < 0.05 ) . However, hypothermic group treated with MgSO 4 showed no significant reduction in apoptotic cells compared with hypothermic group ( p > 0.05 ) . Conclusion :These findings suggest that both hypothermia and MgSO 4 significantly improve pathological changes. Otherwise simultaneously MgSO 4 and hypothermia treatment groups is failed to provide additional neuroprotection. These results may be relevant to the design of future clinical trials of therapeutic hypothermia and MgSO 4 for traumatic brain injury.


In this study, the time-varying formation control problem for the second-order discrete-time multi-agent systems is investigated, where both the non-uniform communication time-delays and switching topology are taken into account. A linear discrete-time formation protocol is developed based on the neighbouring relative position and velocity information. Using the state transformation method and properties of the stochastic matrix, the formation feasibility condition is given and sufficient conditions for the discrete-time multi-agent systems to accomplish the time-varying formation are established. An unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) formation experiment platform is constructed. Using four quadrotor UAVs, UAV formation flying experiments are performed to verify the effectiveness and reliability of the discrete-time formation protocol. The experimental results show that the theoretical results can be used to deal with the time-varying formation control problem for multiple UAVs system with communication delays and switching topology.


Salt structures in a 4000-km{sup 2} region of the continental slope, the northeast Green Canyon area, include stocks, massifs, remnant structures, and an allochthonous sheet. Salt-withdrawal basins include typical semicircular basins and an extensive linear trough that is largely salt-free. Counterregional growth faults truncate the landward margin of salt sheets that extend 30-50 km to the Sigsbee Escarpment. The withdrawal basins, stocks, and massifs occur within a large graben between an east-northeast-trending landward zone of shelf-margin growth faults and a parallel trend of counterregional growth faults located 48-64 km basinward. The graben formed by extension and subsidence as burial of the updip portion of a thick salt sheet produced massifs and stocks by downbuilding. Differential loading segmented the updip margin of the salt sheet into stocks and massifs separated by salt-withdrawal basins. Initially, low-relief structures evolved by trap-door growth as half-graben basins buried the salt sheet. Remnant-salt structures and a turtle-structure anticline overlay a salt-weld disconformity in sediments formerly separated by a salt sheet. Age of sediments below the weld is inferred to be be late Miocene to early Pliocene (4.6-5.3 Ma); age of sediments above the weld is late Pliocene (2.8-3.5 Ma). The missing interval of time (1-2.5 Ma)more » is the duration between emplacement of the salt sheet and burial of the sheet. Sheet extrusion began in the late Miocene to early Pliocene, and sheet burial began in the late Pliocene in the area of the submarine trough to early Pleistocene in the area of the massifs.« less


Abstract
An investigation has been made of the role of lysosomal enzymes in the toxicity of cells of the malignant line, C3HS/1P, for embryonic epidermis.

Cathepsin D had no adverse effect on cultures of isolated epidermis, and the protection given by serum to epidermis cultured in medium conditioned by C3HS/1P cells was independent of the presence of an antibody to this enzyme.

The protease inhibitor 6-amino-n-hexanoic acid gave substantial protection to epidermis cultured in contact with C3HS/1P cells, or in medium conditioned by these; but the related compound L-lysine, which does not inhibit cathepsins D or B, also reduced the toxicity of the malignant cells, although to a lesser extent. The acidic amino acid L-glutamic, which has not been shown to inhibit proteases, protected epidermis against degeneration induced by some samples of medium conditioned by the malignant cells.

These results indicate that the release of the lysosomal proteases, cathepsin D and B, by either malignant or epidermal cells, is not involved in the destruction of normal epidermis by the malignant cells investigated.


5018 Background: Predictive genomic biomarkers in mCRPC remain elusive. Prior studies suggest that tumor suppressor (TS) loss is prognostic, and may result in less benefit from NHT, but no impact on D efficacy. We assessed genomic predictors of differential benefit of androgen receptor-targeted therapy and chemotherapy for mCRPC. Methods: Patients with mCRPC and targeted exome sequencing of biopsies obtained after metastatic diagnosis were identified (n=109). Patients with pure small cell histology (n=6) were excluded. Time from NHT or D start to clinical/radiographic progression (time to treatment failure, TTTF) was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method, with censoring at next therapy or last follow-up for non-progressors. Results: 80.1% of patients had bone and/or lymph node-only metastases at mCRPC diagnosis. In total, 87/103 (84.5%) and 61/103 (59.2%) received NHT and D for mCRPC, respectively. Median overall survival was 4.5 years from first mCRPC. The frequency and predictive association of selected recurrently-altered genes are detailed in the table. PTEN alterations (alts) were associated with worse TTTF on NHT, but not D, and a similar trend was observed with BRCA2. Biallelic RB1 loss was strongly predictive, conferring significantly shorter TTTF on both NHT and D. A score based on presence of tumor PTEN alt (1) and/or biallelic RB1 alt (1) was predictive of TTTF on NHT (median TTTF of score 0 vs 1 vs 2: 14.7 vs 12 vs 3.8 months; log rank p=0.003). Conclusions: The presence of single or compound PTEN and RB1 alts predict poorer outcomes with NHT for mCRPC. Chemotherapy may be a preferred therapeutic strategy for this patient population. [Table: see text]


Theeukaryotic initiation factor eIF-2 forms aternary corplex with Met-tRNAf andGTP.This complex binds tothe40Sribosomal subunit intheabsence ofmRNAand mRNAbinding factors. Highly purified eIF-2 fromrabbit re- ticulocytes waslabeled with12&I byusing theBolton-Hunter reagent orwith(y-32P)ATP byusing theheme-regulated trans- lational inhibitor protein kinase. Thelabeled eIF-2 wasbound, together with equimolar amounts ofMet-tRNAf andGTP,tothe 40Ssubunit. Inthepresence ofmRNA,mRNAbinding factors, and60Sribosomal subunits (complete intiation assay), eIF-2 was released fromthe40Sinitiation complex inthesubunit joining reaction. GTPalso wasreleased inthis step andprobably was hydrolyzed inareaction that isdependent uponeIF-5 andthe 60Ssubunit. Thefunction ofphosphorylated eIF-2 ininitiation ofprotein synthesis isdiscussed. Theformation oftheeukaryotic ternary complex ofinitiation factor (IF) eIF-2,J Met-tRNAf, andGTPisthefirst step inthe invitro sequential assembly oftheprotein synthesis initiation complex (1, 3,7). Evidence obtained with crude reticulocyte lysates (8, 9)aswell aswith fractionated systems (4, 7)suggests that thebinding oftheternary complex tothe40Sribosomal subunit precedes theinsertion ofmRNA.Recently, utilizing areconstituted system withhighly purified components, we have demonstrated that thebinding oftheternary complex to the40Ssubunit isaprerequisite forglobin mRNAbinding (10, 11). Theinsertion ofmRNArequired eIF-3, eIF-4A, andeIF- 4B.Thenext step inthe initiation sequence involved thejoining ofthe60Ssubunit tothe40Sinitiation complex, astep that is mediated byeIF-5 (12). Ithasbeen presumed that, during this step, someorperhaps all ofthefactors arereleased fromthe initiation complex, which permits anewround ofinitiation (recycling). However, therelease ofIFshasnotbeendemon- strated. Inthis report weshowthat eIF-2 labeled with either 32por 125I binds toinitiation complexes andisreleased during the joining step. Thedata also suggest that, inthereconstituted initiation system used inthese studies, there isnosignificant functional difference betwen thephosphorylated andtheun- phosphorylated eIF-2. Inaddition, wepresent further evidence that suggests that theGTPmoiety, which enters initiation as apart oftheternary complex, ishydrolyzed andreleased during thejoining ofthe40Scomplex with the60Ssubunit (7, 13).


Super high bright white LED incapacitator,which is driven by pulse modulation system with frequency ranging from 0 to 100 Hz and duty ratio between 0~100%,is realized by integrating a group power white LEDs and efficient lens.The device can produce a light spot with a radius around 10 cm beyond the safe distance(more than 5 m)brighter than 105lx,surpassing 104 lx~105 lx,the light from the sun on the earth.High bright light source glitter at a frequency below 25 Hz,which can be distinguished by human eyes,will make people dizzy or blind temporarily.Thus,this device can be miniaturized as a new weapon to equip the military and police.


ABSTRACT The electronic structure, elastic and optical properties of Cu2ZnGe(SexS1 − x)4 alloys are systematically analysed using first-principles calculations. The lattice parameters agree well with the theoretical and experimental values which are searched as complete as possible indicating our calculations are reliable. The elastic properties are investigated first and are compared with the similar compounds CZTS and CZTSe due to the unavailable experimental data currently. The variation of the optical properties caused by the increase of Se/S ratio is discussed. The static optical constants are calculated and the corrected values are also predicted according to the available experimental data.


A genetic algorithm using Edge Assemble Crossover (EAX) is one of the best heuristic solvers for large instances of the Traveling Salesman Problem. We propose using Partition Crossover to recombine solutions produced by EAX. Partition Crossover is a powerful deterministic recombination that is highly exploitive. When Partition Crossover decomposes two parents into q recombining components, partition crossover returns the best of 2q reachable offspring. If two parents are locally optimal, all of the offspring are also locally optimal in a hyperplane subspace that contains the two parents. One disadvantage of Partition Crossover, however, is that it cannot generate new edges. By contrast, the EAX operator is highly explorative; it not only inherits edges from parents, it also introduces new edges into the population of a genetic algorithm. Using both EAX and Partition Crossover together produces better performance, with improved exploitation and exploration.


The involvement of autoimmune processes in certain ophthalmologic diseases has long been discussed by many investigators. Recently, D'Ermo 1 has further stressed the potential importance of autoimmune phenomena in pathological conditions of the lens. It is generally agreed that the injection of heterologous or homologous lens extracts evokes the production of circulating antibodies, a conclusion which has been extensively documented in the recent review of Halbert and Mansky. 2 However, the demonstration of antibody formation following the injection of autologous lens antigens is less readily achieved. Muller 3 reported that simple trauma of the lens in rabbits induced an immune response, but these results were not confirmed in the experiments of Lyda and Lippincott. 4 However Uhlenhuth and Handel 5 also succeeded in demonstrating autoimmunization of guinea pigs with lens material. More recently Hackett and Thompson 6 detected antibodies to lens extracts in the sera of many healthy humans, and


This Topical Report documents the first year of the project, from October 1, 2013 through September 30, 2014. Efforts for this project included experiments to characterize the atmospheric-pressure turbulent flame speed vessel over a range of operating conditions (fan speeds and turbulent length scales). To this end, a new LDV system was acquired and set up for the detailed characterization of the turbulence field. Much progress was made in the area of impurity kinetics, which included a numerical study of the effect of impurities such as NO2, NO, H2S, and NH3 on ignition delay times and laminar flame speeds of syngas blends at engine conditions. Experiments included a series of laminar flame speed measurements for syngas (CO/H2) blends with various levels of CH4 and C2H6 addition, and the results were compared to the chemical kinetics model of NUI Galway. Also, a final NOx kinetics mechanism including ammonia was assembled, and a journal paper was written and is now in press. Overall, three journal papers and six conference papers related to this project were published this year. Finally, much progress was made on the design of the new high-pressure turbulent flame speed facility. An overall design that includes a venting systemmore » was decided upon, and the detailed design is in progress.« less


An experimental emulation facility developed to evaluate design principles for multiple-instruction/multiple-data multiprocessors with distributed shared memory, is discussed. The hardware of the 38 processing elements is designed to support efficient emulation of mechanisms that would be implemented in hardware in the real system. One processor in each processing element executes the application while another processor runs the emulation software. A software environment and primitives are presented to simplify efficient implementation of emulators. A flexible system-call mechanism is provided for exchanging messages between the execution and the emulation processors. A separate bus communication mechanism is provided for implementation of interprocessor protocols, and software probes are used for monitoring purposes. Emulation principles are illustrated by implementation of a virtual memory system.<<ETX>>


Saline infusion sonography (SIS) is a relatively new technique in the evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding. We compared the diagnostic accuracy of SIS with that of transvaginal sonography (TVS) in the detection of intracavitary abnormalities in premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding.


This invention is in the field of weight maintenance, more in particular in the field of long term weight maintenance of humans. The invention relates to the use of a mixture of a triglyceride oil having a solid fat content at ambient to body temperature and an emulsifier for maintaining weight after weight loss. The invention also relates to the use of a mixture of a triglyceride oil having a solid fat content at ambient to body temperature and an emulsifier for obtaining a thermogenic effect. The invention also relates to the use of a mixture of a triglyceride oil having a solid fat content at ambient to body temperature and an emulsifier for increasing the energy expenditure such as resting energy expenditure.


The light emitting diode having a Ⅲ-group nitride based superlattice and the second Ⅲ-group nitride-based active region on the grating is provided. The active region is provided with at least one quantum well structure. The quantum well structure includes a nitride-based group Ⅲ first barrier layer, the first barrier Ⅲ-group nitride-based quantum well layer on the layer, and a nitride-based group Ⅲ second barrier layer. Ⅲ-group nitride-based semiconductor device and a method for producing Ⅲ group nitride-based semiconductor device including an active region that includes at least one quantum well structure is provided. And the quantum well structure comprises a cap layer comprising a Group Ⅲ nitride on the quantum well layer and the quantum well layer comprising a Group Ⅲ nitride support layer over the well, the well support layer comprising a Group Ⅲ nitride. Alternatively The semiconductor device may be a light emitting diode with Ⅲ-group nitride-based active region. The active region may be a multi-quantum well active region.


Abstract We present a novel polymer — liquid crystal system based on the monolayers of polymer microballs. These monolayers were prepared on the water surface and then transferred onto the solid substrates by the Langmuir — Blodgett technique. The results of the optical and diffraction studies of prepared films of polymer microballs demonstrate that the microballs are well-packed in the monolayers. We found that polymer microball monolayers can be used with the liquid crystals in a novel polymer — liquid crystal system which is suitable for display applications.


IT IS GENERALLY ACCEPTED that chemicallv induced carcinogenesis is initiated by the interaction either of the compound itself or a reactive metabolite thereof, with nuclear DNA leading to somatic mutation in the target cells. Apart from a few direct-acting compounds, most carcinogens in man's chemical environment require metabolic activation to exert their biological effects (Miller, 1970) and animal studies have shown that species sensitivity and the susceptibility of target organs to a carcinogen can he influenced by the dose, form and route of exposure, tissue distribution, metabolic activation and detoxi-fication processes, stability of reactive meta-bolites formed and the receptivity of crucial intracellular sites. Other factors known to modulate the metabolic disposition of carcinogens are age, sex, strain, nutritional and hormonal status and genetic deficiency (Conney & Levin, 1974). Thus an understanding of the metabolic fate of a carcinogen is bound to be of value in the extrapolation of animal data to man. Certain of these factors will be considered in relation to the metabolic activation of carcinogens in general, and of dimethylnitro-samine and other N-nitrosamines in particular. Dimethylnitrosamiine (DMN), a potent and versatile carcinogen in a wide range of animal species, requires metabolic transformation to exert its toxic and carcinogenic effects (Magee & Barnes, 1967). Studies in the rat and other animal species have shown that DMN is rapidly metabolized in the intact animal (Heath, 1962) and that the liver is the principal organ involved in the bioactivation of this nitrosamine (Magee & Vandekar, 1958). Investigations on liver preparations have revealed that DMN degradation is mediated by the microsomal fraction, and that NADPH and molecular oxygen are essential co-factor requirements (Venkatesan et al., 1970). This finding has led to the conclusion that the bioactivation of DMN to eletrophilic species is mediated by the hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase (MFO) system centred on cytochrome P-450. However, an accumulating body of experimental evidence indicates that the metabolic activation process involved in DMN degradation may be more complex, and not mediated solely by the MFO enzyme system. Earlier studies had shown that pretreatment of 497


©2012 Turkish League Against Rheumatism. All rights reserved. A 19-year-old woman in her sixth month of pregnancy was referred to our clinic with stabbing chest pain, abdominal pain, fatigue, fever, and joint pain. She was pale, and distressed, and her body temperature was 38.5 °C. Her lungs were clear to auscultation. Her pulse rate was 90/min, her blood pressure was 100/60 mmHg, and a midsystolic murmur was heard in all cardiac areas.


: This paper presents a model to address the skewness problem in the N EFCLASS classifier by devising several novel asymmetric linguistic hedges within the classifier. N EFCLASS is a common example of the construction of a NEURO - FUZZY system. The N EFCLASS performs increasingly poorly as data skewness increases. This poses a challenge for the classification of biological data that commonly exhibits feature value skewness. The objective of this paper is to device several novel asymmetric linguistic hedges to modify the shape of membership functions, hence improving the accuracy of N EFCLASS . This study demonstrated that devising an appropriate asymmetric linguistic hedge significantly improves the accuracy of N EFCLASS for skewed data.


Author(s): Willard, Christopher | Abstract: This article is a think piece that asks educators to reexamine ideas around outcomes of visual arts programs. The view that the value of a visual arts education consists primarily in transferrable skills, defined as those valued by business, is, the author suggests, not the appropriate metric. Instead, a number of outcomes are presented and rationalized.


Species Differences with Regard to the Therapeutic Activity, Toxicity, and Carcinogenicity of Xenobiotics. RICHARD H. ADAMSON, Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, National Cancer Instititte, National Institiutes of Health, Bethesda,


Emerson's Representative Men (1850) weaves together aesthetics and politics as it addresses the civic role of the poet. This article shows how Emerson repeats Plato's inaugural determination of mimesis as imitation the better to expose the failure of its logic and offer an alternative form of mimesis whose effects shape the community to come.


In this work, quantum cascade laser (QCL) mid-infrared (MIR) reflectance spectroscopy is used to discriminate silicate and carbonate minerals in a standoff measurement setting. The tunable external cavity QCL source that was used allows measurements from 5.2 μm to 13.4 μm wavelength, where the fundamental vibrational bands of silicates and carbonates are observed. Spectra measured from a half-core sample were analyzed using multivariate analysis to extract and identify the end-member spectra from the mixtures. The end-member spectra were compared and validated using the ASTER database spectra and the spectra measured on reference samples with the same QCL MIR reflectance spectroscopy setup. Spectra of minerals commonly found in the mining industry were compared: quartz, microcline, albite, chlorite, muscovite, biotite, calcite and dolomite. MIR reflectance spectroscopy using compact QCL sources allow rapid spectral measurements at standoff distances and high spatial resolution. All these advantages show the potential of QCL MIR reflectance spectroscopy for in-the-field mining applications.


High Resolution Electron Microscopy (HREM) was used to study microstructural changes related to the CoSi/Si-CoSi/CoSi 2 /Si-CoSi 2 /Si transformations. CoSi is found to grow epitaxially on Si with [111]Si // [111]CoSi and Si // CoSi. Two CoSi non-equivalent orientations (rotated by 180° around the substrate normal) can occur in this plane. They can be clearly distinguished by HRTEM on cross-sections ( electron beam along [110]Si). At about 500°C CoSi transforms to CoSi 2 . Experimental results show that the type B orientation relationship satisfying [110]Si // [112]CoSi is preserved after the initial stage of CoSi 2 formation. At this stage an epitaxial CoSi/CoSi 2 /Si(111) system is obtained. The atomic scale investigation of the CoSi 2 /Si interface shows that a 7-fold coordination of the cobalt atoms is observed in both type A and type B epitaxies.


Electrochemical complexation of azole antifungal drugs fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, voriconazole, and clotrimazole with silver, copper, and zinc cations was carried out galvanostatically in an undivided electrolytic cell equipped with a sacrificial anode under green conditions. In this work, we synthesized 20 different complexes of these drugs by a simple method in water (containing a strong acid)/ethanol mixtures with high yield (average 67%) and purity. The effective synthetic parameters, including the applied current, electricity consumption, acid concentration, cell voltage, energy consumption, and cell design were optimized. Our results indicate that the applied current and acid concentration have no significant effects on the yield and purity of azole complexes. But these factors have a significant effect on cell voltage and energy consumption in such a way that by increasing the applied current or decreasing the acid concentration, the cell voltage and energy consumption increase. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray techniques have been used for the characterization of synthesized complexes. In addition, cyclic voltammetry analysis has been used to investigate the reaction mechanism. This method provides an efficient and green strategy for the complexation of azole drugs in one step without the need for metal salts.


The opposition between quantitative and qualitative research is another manifestation of the differences between particular (measurable) and abstract knowledge. The universe we know is presented in its quantified expression: almost everything we can know is measurable. However, not everything that counts can be counted and not everything that can be counted counts. And, so, different ways of clinical research have arisen because of the rigidity or complexity of quantitative research and its limitations to drive into quantifiable questions. This is the case of qualitative research that studies the common sense and the common perceptions in different people, as their views, their feelings, their opinions and their believes. And analyzes non-measurable questions as fear to death, sufferance, despair, or family ties... People view and live these problems in a way that changes according to age, geographical origin or social status. This is the reason to recommend that any study on these topics must be based on a preliminary qualitative research to previously validate the concepts and their differences between different cultures.


A 3.25 cm (1.28 in.) two plane balance and eight channel slip ring assembly has been designed to measure and transmit the thrust (667-N;150-lb) and torque (135-N-m;100-lb-ft) components produced by wind tunnel model turboprops and drive motors operating at 300 Hz.


Objective To investigate the distribution of the HBV genotypes of HBV related hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Methods Eighty-six hospitalized HCC patients with serum HBV-DNA positive and 362 hospitalized chronic hepatits B (CHB) patients were enrolled. HBV genotypes were determined in all the patients by using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results Genotype B was not found in the HCC patients. The percentage of genotype C and genotype neither B nor C in HCC are 79(91.9%), 7(8.1%)respectively in this area,which are not statistically different from the CHB patients. The percentage of genotype C of male (68/69,98.6%)is higher than that of female(11/17,64.7%),P0.05. There is no statistically difference between the different geno types in the age,ALT,HBV DNA level and HBeAg status. Conclusions Genotype C predominates the HBV genotypes in HCC patients in Yantai area,which was not found related with the incidence of HCC. There is no statistically difference between the different genotypes in the age,ALT,HBV DNA level and HBeAg status,whereas in sex probably dramatically.


From everyday contact with the architectural profession, we see clearly that few practicing architects really understand enough about acoustics to apply it effectively in architectural and urban design. This shortcoming can be attributed largely to the lack of acoustics training in architecture schools. Some schools have fortunately progressed beyond the physics survey course to well‐taught, practically oriented acoustics courses; but these are few in number, and there is room for much wider extension of acoustics training. This paper presents a brief outline of the information that a student could acquire in a basic acoustics course and should know before graduation.


The utility model provides a gun type holding device which is combined and assembled by a tong gripping head, a hand buckling pull rod, a gun type handle tube and a spring. The gun type holding device of the utility model adopts a tong clamp and the mode of hard traction, and directions of left motion, right motion, front motion, back motion, up motion and down motion of animals can be effectively controlled. The utility model has the advantages of simple operation and convenient, flexible and effective use.


The response of a homogeneous conducting moon to variations and irregularities in the interplanetary magnetic field is determined. It is found that the time-dependent lunar electric and magnetic fields are forced by the oscillatory magnetic field and the oscillatory motional electric field in the solar wind plasma. In the limit of a highly conducting plasma surrounding the moon and for length scales of the interplanetary magnetic field irregularities much larger than the moon's radius, the magnetic field fluctuations in the lunar interior are the sum of the variations in the driving interplanetary magnetic field plus induced magnetic field fluctuations whose magnitude is proportional to the product of the magnitude of the interplanetary magnetic field fluctuations and the lunar magnetic Reynolds number. This induced field is toroidal about an axis in the direction of the forcing motional electric field. The zero-frequency limit of the time-dependent solution is in agreement with the steady-state induction generator solution of the interaction of the moon with a constant magnetic field.


In 1995/6 comprehensive microbiological investigations of dessiccated coconut (dc) had been done with the aim to set a hygiene-status for the processing mills. We located in mixed samples the aerobic bacterial count, yeasts, moulds, enterobacter, coagulase positive staphylococcus and salmonella. Using a unic estimation key we carried out the hygenic judgement of dried coconut. By reason of this judgment the estimation numbers were asigned to the mills. In future only those mills should be regarded, which reach the estimation number of 12.


Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of a new chemo-mechanical method for the removal of dental caries in elderly patients. Methods: 48 elderly patients with dental caries were randomly divided into two groups: Carisolv group had 30 cases and control group had 18 cases. Carious lesion was removed with Carisolv or traditional drilling respectively. Patient's perception, treatment time, efficacy between two groups are compared. Results: All patients in the Carisolv group found the treatment pain-free, safety, but the mean treatment time in this group was longer than conventional treatment. Conclusion: Carisolv chemomechanical caries removal method in dental caries in elderly patients was safety, effective and painless.


Several models for artificial neural networks are found in the literature to implement associative memories. We provide a uniform and comparative overview of some of them concerning their operation and performance, as well as biological aspects they follow for inspiration. We focus particularly on the Hierarchical Memories' model of Sacramento and Wichert (2011), a multi-layered hierarchy of matrices based on Lernmatrix, whose matrices act as selective filters for the retrieval path (the information content of each layer of matrices is a successive approximation of one another), and propose an optimized model that thanks to reorganizing the information stored, becomes more efficient (in terms of number of computations needed) in the retrieval, while remaining as effective as the mentioned model (in terms of errors). Collected experimental evidence backing our intuition is presented, together with comments on eventual applications.


Background: The purpose of this study was to compare different spinal stabilization techniques in terms of their effectiveness in providing stabilization and reducing pain. A systematic review was performed to identify relevant studies and analyze their findings. The studies were evaluated based on their methodological quality, sample size, and outcome measures. The results showed that the use of spinal bracing, spinal manipulation, and exercise-based treatments was found to be more effective than pharmacological interventions in providing spinal stabilization and reducing pain. The evidence suggests that a combination of these treatments may be more beneficial in providing adequate stabilization and reducing pain compared to a single intervention. Future research is needed to further explore the efficacy of different spinal stabilization techniques. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare and analyze the effectiveness of different spinal stabilization techniques in providing stabilization and reducing pain. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted department of orthopedic kth hospital Peshawar from jan 2020 to jan 2021 to identify relevant studies that evaluated the effectiveness of different spinal stabilization techniques in providing stabilization and reducing pain. The studies were evaluated based on their methodological quality, sample size, and outcome measures.


ICI Plant Protection Division (formerly Plant Protection Limited) has been developing the technique of direct drilling, based on the use of paraquat ('Gramoxone') as a contact herbicide, since 1961. Drills had to be designed suitable for a range of crops and soil conditions for sale to farmers and for inclusion in hire schemes, using the services of agricultural machinery contractors. The practice is expanding rapidly, even in the wet autumn of 1974.


Pistacia lentiscus (mastic tree) is very common in the Mediterranean region. In Algeria, Mastic tree is distributed in a wide range of habitats along the climatic gradient. We studied the factors that may shape its morphological, physiological, and genetic differentiation. For this purpose, we analyzed the morphological variability intra-population between male and female individuals of Pistacia lentiscus, by using leaf characters. In total, se ven quantitative morphological variables were measured for the leaves. The statistical analysis (PCA), showed significant differences for the measured variables between male and female plants of Pistacia lentiscus.


The design of a 18-aperture receive telescope array demonstrator for optical space communications is presented. Preliminary experimental results and computer simulations show that a telescope array with such dimensions and performance could be used as a receive terminal in a coherent optical interorbit link.


ABSTRACT We study how firms decide whether to continue an existing relationship or switch the vendor of outsourced services. Because of incomplete contracts and relationship-specific investments, client organisations may face switching costs, which in some cases may be large enough to render vendor switching an unattractive option. Based on an extensive review of the literature, we develop hypotheses about relationship-, firm-, and market-specific determinants of switching costs. We then develop an econometric model to identify those determinants and their relative importance and estimate the magnitude of switching costs. In the empirical study, we observe accounting data of 1318 US credit unions (CUs) and follow their IT outsourcing choices over 11 years. We find that the largest portion of switching costs is due to relationship- and firm-specific factors, while market-specific variables are much less important. Our estimates suggest that average switching costs account for one-third of the average annual expenditure for professional services. We further highlight that the average hides substantial heterogeneity. Switching costs of CUs that decide to switch vendors are about 50% lower than those of CUs that stay. Looking more closely at stayers, our most conservative estimate of the lock-in effect, i.e., the difference in switching costs of deliberate and non-deliberate stayers, is equivalent to about 70% of the average annual expenditure for professional services.


Abstract : The ability of the United States to deter aggression, limit conflict, or wage war successfully depends intensively on our ability to rapidly deploy, employ, and sustain general purpose forces. Our global strategy demands the forward stationing of forces in peacetime, the forward positioning of equipment for continental U.S. -based forces, and the capability to rapidly reinforce with troops, equipment, and supplies from the continental U.S. should our deterrent strategy fail. Central to this strategy is our strategic mobility capability. Strategic mobility is a triad comprised of airlift, sealift, and prepositioning of equipment and consumables in regions of the world where armed conflict is likely. This paper will examine one facet of this triad, airlift, though recognizing the elements of strategic mobility are interdependent in supporting our strategy of forward defense. Designed to inform Army unit movement coordinators, this paper will examine strategic airlift by evaluating the requirement for airlift support, determining airlift shortfalls, identifying user contributions to any shortfalls, and reviewing Army-unique programs designed to counter any requirement versus capability imbalances. Keywords: military strategy; logistics; logistics planning; logistics management.


Bangladesh is a country of high density of NGOs in different category. Over the passage of time, NGOs are become playing a pivotal role that contributing to up warding the development indicator of the country as a whole. The content of the book is an outcome of academic research reports reviewed. The key focus of the book is to understand NGOs and their management practices scenarios which definitely discussed and views on general management functions, practices, Organizational management models on Bangladesh context. The overview of the books covers the formation, theories, types & natures of NGOs, nature of regulatory control aligned to socio- economic development connection within Bangladesh. It suggested an operational management model as reviewed for the researcher, academia and practitioner. Looking ahead, the book will helpful for the new researcher, prospective thinker, academia to broaden their further study on same in more bigger scope.


Recently, optical diffractive deep neural networks (D2NNs) have shown unprecedented superiority in terms of processing speed and power consumption. However, in the microwave band, complicated classification based on D2NN needs further investigation, which may accelerate the artificial intelligent tasks and simplify systems. Here, a three‐layer D2NN is constructed for handwritten digit classification in the microwave frequency. The excited electromagnetic wave, which passes through the metal plane engraved with different digit patterns as the input, will focus on the target plane at designated focal points through the D2NN platform. A detector array is deployed to collect the target plane energy for direct digit classification. Each layer of the proposed D2NN is composed of 1024 phase modulating meta‐units, and the phase distribution is generated through the stochastic gradient descent algorithm applied on the dataset. The network realizes an accuracy rate of 90% in numeric simulations, together with a 100% accuracy rate on the eighteen fabricated samples on the built‐up platform. The average focal efficiency reaches 18.7% and 11.7% in the simulation and experiment, respectively. The system can be seen as an alternative method for seamless in situ monitoring of security checks and near‐field sensing.


The characteristics of continuum source atomic absorption spectrometer(HS-CS-AAS) is introduced in the paper.The method based on the instrument for the determination of Calcium Iron Zinc in milk powder sample has been developed.The recovery of the method is 80.86%~107.78% with the precision of 0.10%~4.10% RSD(n=7).


REGISTER OF THE KENTUCKY HISTORICAL SOCIETY VOL. 109, NOS. 3&4 (SUMMER/AUTUMN 2011) On June 7, 1991, I had the distinct honor of being the speaker at the annual Boone Day celebration of the Kentucky Historical Society in Frankfort. This event occurred at a very important time in my professional career. After having been a history professor since 1977, I was moving into the position of vice provost for undergraduate education at the University of Texas. Also, my third book on race relations in Kentucky was going through the final editing stage before publication. I used that speech to mention the themes that connected my three books. I also gave an overview of my new research project. And, very importantly, I highlighted areas of research that were fertile grounds for additional research on blacks in the Bluegrass State.1 Even though my professional efforts have been devoted to such issues as accreditation and budgets, I have remained keenly interested in the scholarship on Kentucky blacks. I found time to read the books on President Rufus Atwood of Kentucky State College, Senator Georgia Powers, the first African American state senator, and numerous articles on key events, institutions, and organizations


In this preliminary study, the chromosomal aberrations were investigated for the first time in the subterranean Nannospalax xanthodon species. The locations in Bilecik province where the samples were collected were divided into the polluted and nonpolluted area. The concentrations of cadmium, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc were measured on the Atomic Absorption Spectrometer in the soil samples and liver tissues of the animals. The metal levels detected in liver tissues were found to be higher than the metal levels of soil samples. Therefore, Nannospalax species were considered as appropriate bioindicators for the determination of terrestrial pollution. The examination of chromosomes revealed intense deletions and fragmentations in the chromosome plates of samples from the polluted area. It was concluded that these chromosome aberrations can be associated with metal pollution.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the professional inclinations (carreer references) and the attitudes towards the professional carreer in university students, in a context of a labor world in transformation. The students were from different courses, both male and female, from a private university of Sao Paulo. Carreer references were evaluated with an inventary of professional inclinations, that informs with precision and factorial validity the inclinations to intrapreneurship, autonomy, freedom, altruism and establishment and maintenance of life style. A questionnaire that informed about the reasons for choice, satisfaction and commitment to the effective actions towards the professional carreer. Results indicated that the professional inclinations are associated to different attitudes towards carreer, leading to the conclusion that different kinds of representations about the role of the profession in life has direct influence on the process of professional identity development of the students.


We will first present an overview of the student-staff partnership schemes that are run at both Kingston University London (KUL) and London Metropolitan University (LMU). In doing so, we will demonstrate how these schemes have been utilised in the past few years to enhance the academic experience of under-represented groups of students in tackling strategic priorities such as retention and progression, attainment and employability. Sophie, Jillian and Selina will then briefly present the findings of two research projects they have been directly involved in, one reviewing staff and student perspectives on high quality teaching and the other in developing strategies to enhance student engagement. They will highlight the benefits and the challenges they faced being at the forefront of driving positive change in the student experience. In our narrative, we also go beyond the concept of simply embedding partnerships at the institutional level and give an example of how we have established a cross-institutional student-staff partnership. This is particularly pertinent in understanding challenges such as those encountered by the post-92 universities (e.g. KUL and LMU) especially in London, where there is a significantly greater diversity of students from many different backgrounds, which can lead to challenges in providing equitable student experiences. Cross- institutional therefore can be used not only as a means to identify many of our unique features, but also those challenges that we have in common, so we can identify, learn and share best practice together in developing and enhancing our student engagement strategies.


Face Recognition research started in the late 70s and a number of algorithms/systems have been developed in the last decade. Among various algorithms, appearance-based approach is one of the promising approaches in face recognition. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) are two most popular feature extraction and dimension reduction techniques used in the appearance-based approach. From classification point of view, generally, LDA-based algorithms perform better than that of PCA-based algorithms. However, there are two major problems when applying LDA in face recognition. The first one is the small sample size (S3) problem. It occurs when the image dimension is larger than the number of training samples. In turn, the within-class scatter matrix becomes singular. The second is the complicated and nonlinear image distributions when the images are captured under different poses and illuminations. In this thesis, discriminant analysis algorithms are designed and proposed, from the subspace approach and the regularization approach, to overcome these two limitations.
In the subspace approach, a new Subspace-LDA (SLDA) method is proposed to solve the S3 problem. Compared with the existing LDA-based face recognition methods for solving S3 problem, the proposed SLDA method is more efficient and gives better performance. By applying the kernel trick in the SLDA method, a Kernel Subspace-LDA (KSLDA) method is proposed to solve the nonlinear face image distribution problem. One of the crucial factors in the Kernel approach is the determination of the kernel parameters which highly affect the generalization performance of the kernel-based learning methods. To further improve the performance of our proposed KSLDA method, an automatic parameter estimation algorithm based on eigenvalue stability, namely the Eigenvalue Stability Bounded Margin Maximization (ESBMM), is developed.
This thesis also explores the regularization approach to solve the above-mentioned two problems. By applying the kernel trick into one-parameter regularized discriminant analysis (RDA) method, a kernel-based one-parameter regularized Fisher discriminant (K1PRFD) method is proposed. A gradient decent-based algorithm is also developed to find the optimal regularization parameter.
In the final part, to utilize different advantages of different classifiers, a weighted combination scheme is proposed to integrate different kinds of face recognition algorithms. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)


The debate over whether political democracy is the least bad regime, as Churchill said, remains unresolved because history has been misread, and because statistical studies have chosen the wrong tests. This address reinterprets five key experiences to show how the institutional channels linking voice and growth are evolving with the economy. Until the early nineteenth century, the key institutional link was property-rights and contract enforcement. Since then, the human-investment channel has assumed an ever-greater role. Elite rule damages growth by underinvesting in egalitarian human capital, especially primary schooling, relative to historical norms for successful economies.This Presidential Address was delivered at the Economic History Association Annual Meeting, 12 October 2002, in St. Louis, Missouri.


Normal.dotm 0 0 1 138 787 University of Texas at Austin 6 1 966 12.0 0 false 18 pt 18 pt 0 0 false false false /* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
 {mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
 mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
 mso-style-noshow:yes;
 mso-style-parent:"";
 mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
 mso-para-margin-top:0in;
 mso-para-margin-right:0in;
 mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
 mso-para-margin-left:0in;
 line-height:115%;
 mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
 font-size:12.0pt;
 font-family:"Times New Roman";
 mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
 mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
 mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
 mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
 mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
 mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
 Digital mapping and charting holds great potential for repositories. Mapping print collections provides visualization for digital exhibits and context for remote users. This poster presentation will showcase a prototype digital map of the Frank Caldwell Collection, 1778-1941, which contains approximately 3,000 rare books, pamphlets, manuscripts, and other printed ephemera about Texas, collected by Austin-based traveling salesman Frank Caldwell. Maintained by the Briscoe Center for American History, the Caldwell Collection represents a comprehensive scope of items published in and about Texas between the early 18 th and the  mid-20 th centuries.  The Caldwell Collection is a geographically cohesive collection of significant size with extensive bibliographic records, which makes it an ideal selection for this prototype. Using the online application Topo.ly, the map is populated with metadata extracted from the bibliographic records which were created using AACR2R, LCC, and LCSH descriptive standards.


Re-constitution of anti-tumor T-cell responses by clinically-approved immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting CTLA4 or PD-1/PD-L1 represents a breakthrough cancer therapy. Nevertheless, a substantial number of patients do not benefit from these new therapeutic modalities chiefly due to local immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, the long circulation time of ICIs restricts options to modify dosing regimens for management of adverse effects. Oral small molecule inhibitors as next generation immune-oncology agents may - in contrast to antibodies - allow targeting of intracellular targets for a defined duration of time. This will permit a fine-tuning of efficacy versus tolerability in single-agent treatment as well as in combination with approved ICIs. The overexpression of indole dioxygenase (IDO1) and tryptophan dioxygenase (TDO2) by many tumors results in increased metabolism of tryptophan (TRP) into kynurenine (KYN), which induces immunosuppression via activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Inhibition of AhR was proposed to restore T-cell function and induce tumor rejection. However, it was expected that identification of selective lead candidates for AhR inhibition would be challenging due to the known affinity of the AhR ligand binding site for polyaromatic ligands such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine (TCDD). A library of 4 million compounds was screened in a cell-based HTS campaign. A thorough hit reduction process was performed based on stringent filter parameters for lead-likeness. This process delivered a hit set of significant chemical diversity. Out of several compound classes with drug-like properties, 1,3-diaryl-pyrazin-6-one-5-carboxylic amides were selected as a preferred lead series. A comprehensive SAR exploration, including in vitro mechanistic and functional validation, was performed. Lead optimization was strongly emphasized on improving lipophilicity efficiency (LLE) to balance potency with a viable PK and CYP450 interaction profile. Several candidates suitable for in vivo profiling were identified and BAY-218 was advanced to in-depth pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic in vivo assessments. BAY-218 showed mono-therapeutic efficacy that was comparable to ICI treatment and further therapeutic improvement was achieved by combination with an anti-PD-L1 antibody. We were able to characterize 1,3-diaryl-pyrazin-6-one-5-carboxylic amides as a new and unprecedented class of AhR inhibitors as well as identify the key substitutions that contribute to the overall compound profile. Citation Format: Norbert Schmees, Ilona Gutcher, Ulrike Roehn, Horst Irlbacher, Detlef Stoeckigt, Benjamin Bader, Christina Kober, Lars Roese, Rafael Carretero, Iris Oezen, Ludiwg Zorn, Michael Platten, Ingo Volker Hartung, Bertolt Kreft, Hilmar Weinmann. Identification of BAY-218, a potent and selective small-molecule AhR inhibitor, as a new modality to counteract tumor immunosuppression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4454.


In this paper, our aims are accuracy, capabilities and power at solving set of the complex non-linear differential at the reaction chemical . As all experts know most of engineering actual systems behavior in practical are nonlinear process and analytical scrutiny these nonlinear problems are difficult or sometimes impossible.

Our purpose is to enhance the ability of solving the mentioned nonlinear differential equations at chemical engineering and similar issues with a simple and innovative approach which entitled

Akbari-Sara's Method'' or ''ASM''

Introduction and theatrical formulation

Consider a well-mixed continuous stirred tank reactor with the reaction and set of nonlinear differential equations. parameters F(the flow rate), cA0 (the initial molar concentration) , TA0 (the initial temperature),Q (the rate of heat input to the reactor), V(the volume of the reactor), E, ΔH, k0 (the pre- exponential constant reaction), cp and ρ denote the heat capacity and density of the fluid in the reactor

Comparing the achieved solutions by Numerical Method
and ASM (Akbari Sara's Method)


Thirty-eight patients (19 men, 19 women; median age 60 years, range 30–82) with ICT were identified; 30 were diagnosed through endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-FNAB and 8 through computed tomography (CT)-guided FNAB. Smears of 37 specimens had adequate cellularity. Most were highly cellular with bloody backgrounds. No major differences were observed between specimens obtained by EUS-FNAB or CT-FNAB. Radiographically, 20 tumors measured 1–5 cm, 7 were > 5 cm and 4 < 1 cm. Twenty-two patients underwent tumor resection.


The broad range of experiments carried out at SINQ requires an extensive suite of sample environment devices, which is maintained and operated by the Polarized Target & Sample Environment group of the Laboratory for Developments and Methods. The Sample Environment group consists of three people, one scientist and two technicians, who help scientific users with their sample environment needs. The available equipment allows experiments at temperatures between T = 100 mK to 1400 K, magnetic fields up to H = 15 T and pressures up to P = 10 GPa.


Congenital heart disease specialty is rapidly advancing and needs trained personnel and special equipments. This is a retrospective review of our early results with cardiac catheterization for congenital heart disease in Sudan Heart Centre. During July 2004 - September 2005, we performed 95 cardiac catheterizations. Patients were children (n=85) and adults (n=10) with age ranging from 2 days to 65 years. Diagnostic catheterization was done in 72 and therapeutic in 23 patients. The most common indications for diagnostic catheterization were delineation of pulmonary artery anatomy for patients with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and haemodynamic assessment for operability in patients with ventricular septal defects (VSD). Results of diagnostic catheterization helped in surgical decisions in 98% of patients and corrected echocardiographic diagnosis in 2 patients. Indications for therapeutic catheterizations were pulmonary valve balloon dilatation, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and atrial septal defect (ASD) device closure and balloon atrial septostomy with a success rate of 92%. There was one mortality and one vascular injury and no other serious complication. Cardiac catheterization for congenital heart disease in Sudan is feasible and experience with it is expected to expand rapidly.


an outpatient setting that would serve several functions: 1) to provide continuing pediatric ambulatorv services after hospitalization to victims of child abuse and neglect and other children with social problems whose physical conditions had warranted inpatient treatment, and to keep systematic records of their pro~ ~ess; 2) to avert hospital admission of children who, despite urgent Family crises, could be sustained safely in their


Land subsidence is a complex process.It is difficult to build an accurate model for prediction.The traditional grey model can not deal with the abnormal data in a series of subsidence values.The model is also invalid because of large fluctuation in the raw datas.Aiming at the shortage of background value,the precise grey model(JGM(1,1)) can apply to the prediction.The result and accuracy based on a case study show that JGM(1,1) is more precise and reliable.


Although Sourceforge, Google Code Search, and FLOSSmole were released a long time ago, it's still difficult to see an integrated view of (open source) software projects on the Web. Many software engineers in consequence have suffered from difficulties in accessing software datasets and finding their relationships, which could then eventually affect their software productivity. In this paper, we construct Linked Data by translating the relational data over many software repositories (FLOSSmole) into RDF triples over our triplestore, and by creating RDF links within and between the datasets. Then we present a web-based search application that exploits our Linked Data. Even though there are no extra links that are connected to other Linked Data, it is expected that our approach will make it easier to find the huge amount of existing software datasets.


Objective
To analyze the changes of primary disease and demography of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who started dialysis between 2008 and 2013 in Zhejiang province, in order to provide statistical support for the improvement of dialysis quality.

Methods
The study retrospectively reviewed all the incident ESRD patients on dialysis registered in Zhejiang Dialysis Quality Control Center from 2008 to 2013. Their demographics and primary cause were investigated. Stratified analysis based on dialysis modality, duration and age were conducted.

Results
A total of 26 310 incident ESRD patients who started dialysis between 2008 and 2013 in Zhejiang were selected, among which 14 886 cases were male and 11 424 cases were female (male∶female: 1.30∶1). The study gave priority to patients aged 45 and above (73.9%), with an average age of (55.7±16.1) years. The top primary disease was chronic glomerulonephritis (51.3%), followed by diabetic nephropathy (17.3%) and hypertensive nephrosclerosis (6.4%). From 2008 to 2013, the incidence of dialysis was 46.3, 60.1, 71.2, 85.8, 104.1, and 119.9 per million population respectively. The average age of patients was increased year by year, from 52.4, 53.3, 54.8, 56.0, 56.9, to 57.6 years. The share of peritoneal dialysis, as well as the promotion of diabetic nephropathy in primary disease was on the rise. With the increase of age, the proportion of primary diseases such as diabetic nephropathy and hypertension nephrosclerosis was increased.

Conclusions
In Zhejiang province, incident dialysis patients increase annually. More males than females are on dialysis. The average age and proportion of peritoneal dialysis are rising. The leading cause is chronic glomerulonephritis, but the incidence of diabetic nephropathy is on the increase, which requires attention.

Key words:
Dialysis; Demography; Incidence; Primary disease


This paper presents a new micro stereolithography technique to fabricate a micro 3D structure rapidly and precisely by using LCD live-motion mask. Exposure through the live-motion mask fabricates each thin layer precisely without scanning. The extremely thin layers are continuously solidified by providing liquid resin synchronized with the mask changes. As a result, a 3D object is fabricated by continuous laminations of these thin layers.In order to verify the feasibility, we developed LCD micro stereolithography system based on 3D-CAD and performed some experiments. The lateral and depth resolutions reached 3μm and 1μm, respectively. It took only about 7 minutes to fabricate a pyramidal shape consisting of 100 layers. A micro two-step gear with shaft was fabricated precisely and rapidly without assembling. The module of this two-step gear is only 20μm. The number of the tooth is 100 for the large gear and 25 for small one. These results show that our proposed method has possibility of precise micro fabrication in practical use.


The utility model discloses an encoder angle measuring system applied to a circular worktable of a large tool microscope and based on the principle of rolling friction transmission. A friction wheel (2) on the shaft of an encoder (3) is in close contact with the outer edge of a turntable (1) of the circular worktable under the action of a force applying mechanism (4); in measurement, the turntable of the circular worktable rotates and rolls relative to the friction wheel to transfer a rotary angle to an incremental encoding disk in the encoder, and then a photoelectric detector outputs count pulses to a digital display box, therefore, the rotary angle is digitally displayed. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, small volume and low cost.


Literature on mobile marketing has grown steadily during the last five years, but still the study of mobile marketing is in its infancy. Even the term "mobile marketing" has not yet gained universally accepted definition (Leppäniemi & Karjaluoto, 2006). In short, mobile marketing refers to the use of a mobile media, as a means of marketing communications (Leppäniemi & Karjaluoto, 2006). Practitioners ABSTRACT


Mindsong brings music therapy to people with dementia across Gloucestershire. In 2016, it was part of an innovative co-production project funded by NHS Gloucestershire Clinical Commissioning Group that offered music therapy to people with advanced dementia and 'challenging' behaviour. Music therapy was used at times of crisis with couples in the domiciliary setting and the hardest to reach residents at a dementia specialist care home. Positive outcomes included improvements in well-being, mood, engagement and behaviours. Working with client and carer together resulted in increased carer resilience despite complex challenges. Collaborative working maximised results to the benefit of clients and those who care for them. This article focuses on work in the domiciliary setting.


With the acceptance that the disease processes leading to dementia begin at least as early as mid-life, there is now a major drive to understand and model this period of 'disease before dementia' for a variety of reasons. First, to gather a better understanding of the interplay between disease and risk or resilience factors that have been identified epidemiologically (eg, what is the mechanism by which exercise protects the brain) is necessary. Second, to develop algorithms for use in clinical practice to forecast changes in brain health that may lead to dementia that will underpin the design of tailored risk modification interventions and 'personalised prevention plans'. And third, with an improved knowledge of the genesis and sequence of neuropathological changes in the predementia phase, there will be an expansion of and assurance in …


The process simulation software Aspen was used to establish model of producing low-carbon alcohol from biomass synthesis gas.Alcohol product distribution,water content in the process,transformation form of carbon,CO2 emission,char production,balance of mass and energy in the process were discussed and compared with literature.The results show that the model is in good agreement with the literature data.The analysis of water content,conversion form of carbon and char production can improve utilization of the biomass and reduce water consumption,energy consumption,CO2 emission,so the process economy can be improved.The analysis of the mass and energy can provide a theoretical basis for reduction of energy consumption and "three wastes" emission.


The mesoscale eddies of which parameterization is needed in coarse‐resolution ocean models include not only the transient eddies akin to baroclinic instability but also the stationary eddies associated with topography. By applying a modified Lorenz‐type decomposition to the eddy‐permitting Southern Ocean State Estimate, we show that the stationary mesoscale eddies contribute a significant part to the total eddy kinetic energy, eddy enstrophy, and the total eddy‐induced isopycnal thickness and potential vorticity fluxes. We find that beneath middepth (about 1000 m) the upgradient eddy fluxes, or so‐called "negative" eddy diffusivities, are mainly attributed to the stationary mesoscale eddies, whereas the remaining transient eddy diffusivity is positive, for which the Gent and McWilliams (1990) parameterization scheme applies well. A quantitative method of measuring the anisotropy of eddy diffusivity is presented. The effect of stationary mesoscale eddies is one of major sources responsible for the anisotropy of eddy diffusivity. We suggest that an independent parameterization scheme for stationary mesoscale eddies may be needed for coarse‐resolution ocean models, although the transient eddies remain the predominant part of mesoscale eddies in the oceans.


14 varieties of raspberry introduced to Yangling in Shaanxi province were studied. The results are as follows. Such varieties as Heiltage, Summit, Willameppe, Royalty, Kopata and Triplecrown were more vigorous than Goldensummit, Chiliwack and Meeker. Powdery mildew and diplodinaparasitica were the two dominating diseases that damaged raspberry and red and yellow varieties were prone to infection but black varieties had stronger resistance. Heiltage, Mekker, Willameppe, Royalty, Boysen, Kopata and Triplecrown were most disease resistant while Chiliwack, Ruby, Summit and Goldensummit were the least. The best effect of propagation was achieved by root shoots on Heiltage, Willameppe and Fallgold, by basic growing shoots on Heiltage, Royalty and Triplecrown, by level layering on Fallgold, Boysen, Kopata and Triplecrown,by tip layering on Heiltage, Fallgold, Royalty, Kopata and Triplecrown. Such as Heiltage, Willameppe, Fallgold, Royalty, Boysen, Kopata and Triplecrown have stronger progenitive abilitys. Therefore, Heiltage, Willameppe, Royalty, Kopata and Triplecrown could be the best options to plant in Yangling area in Shaanxi province.


1. End‐plate potentials (e.p.p.s) were recorded with a surface electrode from frog neuromuscular junctions blocked with high Mg and low Ca to study post‐tetanic potentiation(potentiation). 2. Potentiation is found to decay exponentially over most of its time course. 3. The time constant tsu(H) characterizing this exponential decay is a function of the previous history (frequency and duration) of stimulation. For example, tsu(H) increased from about 20 sec following a few impulses to over 70 sec following more than 1000 impulses. 4. A new method is presented to obtain estimates of the rise of potentiation (uncontaminated by facilitation or an intermediate facilitatory process) during repetitive stimulation. It is found that potentiation is present following short trains of impulses and continually increases in magnitude with the duration of the conditioning stimulation. Potentiation was at a maximum immediately following the conditioning trains. 5. The relationship between P(T), the magnitude of potentiation immediately following repetitive stimulation, and tsu(H), the time constant for the decay of this potentiation, is given by tsu(H)=Ae‐P(T)/B, where A=19‐8 plus or minus 5‐1 sec (mean plus or minus S.D. of an observation) and B increases from 2.2plus or minus 2‐1 to 5‐7 plus or minus 2‐7 as the stimulation rate increases from 5 to 30/sec. 6. The value of A in the above equation can be considered to represent the minimal time constant for the decay of potentiation‐‐that is, the time constant for decay after a simgle impulse. 7. Evidence is presented for a afacilitatory process with a time constant of decay of about 3 sec which is intermediate in duration between facilitation and potentiation. 8. It is suggested that repetitive stimulation has a dual effect on potentiation; each impulse (1) adds an increment of potentiation and (2) increases tsu(H), the time constant for the decay of potentiation.


A novel yellow smoke formulation, based on the environmentally benign dye Solvent Yellow 33, has been validated as a replacement for the current formulation specified for the M194 yellow smoke hand-held signal. Sieve testing has revealed a fine granulation for the candidate mixture, centered at 53 μm. In addition, compressive strain testing has shown that the mechanical (crush) strength of pellets derived from the candidate mixture was 391 kg. Both of these properties validate the viability of the candidate composition during manufacturing and deployment. Extensive static burn testing in full-sized prototype signal assembly hardware provides insight into new ignition train concepts. The full sized prototype assembly has also been demonstrated by flight tests in actual system hardware containing the rocket motor and associated propellant.


This study examined the beliefs of kindergarten through fourth grade teachers regarding effects of retention on academic, emotional, and social areas, as well as alternative interventions to retention. The teachers were asked to take a web-based pre-survey on grade retention. After completing the initial survey they were then asked to watch a web-based PowerPoint presentation on research-based evidence regarding retention before taking a web-based postsurvey. The results of this study revealed that teacher"s beliefs towards grade retention were not significantly changed when presented with a research-based PowerPoint presentation regarding the negative effects of retention practices, as measured by the pre and post-survey. The comments on the surveys backed up the statistics stating that there were no significant changes in opinion.


The book concludes in chapter 8 by summarizing the main arguments laid out in the previous chapters and highlighting the contribution that this book makes to the study of migrant integration, security, and governance around the world. It elaborates a number of concrete policy implications of the findings for migrant-serving NGOs, international organizations, and state agencies tasked with human security and peacebuilding in migrant-receiving countries, especially in the Global South. It also suggests directions for further research, including comparative work across populations and temporal periods, and explores the future applicability of this research more broadly for migrant-receiving democracies, especially in other parts of the developing world.


The purpose of this paper is to present a study that can serve as a model of program evaluation for school personnel that can be used to improve services and demonstrate program efficacy to key stakeholders. The study presented in this paper evaluated the impact of a brief, bystander bullying program (STAC) on depressive symptoms and passive suicidal ideation among middle school students in a rural, low-income community (N = 130). This topic was selected as there is limited research examining the efficacy of bystander programs on improving mental health outcomes for students trained to intervene. Results of the study indicated students trained in the STAC program reported reductions in depressive symptoms and passive suicidal ideation at a 6week follow-up compared to an increase in symptoms reported by students in the control group. We discuss these findings and the use of program evaluation by school personnel to support prevention programming.


RiskView provides the complete environmental picture for a
property in one single report, covering contaminated land, flood, ground
hazards (including radon), energy and
infrastructure.


The antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Mentha spicata Linn were qualitatively evaluated using diffusion method.The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) of essential oil was measured by UV-visible spect-rophotometry.The results show that the antimicrobial activity of essential oil to the three test strains is:Bacillus subtilisStaphylococcus aureusEscherichia coli.The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) to the three strains are:Bacillus subtilis 0.5 μL/mL,Staphylococcus aureus 1.0 μL/mL,Escherichia coli 3.5 μL/mL.


terior parietal bone covers the inlet of the pelvis-presentation of the anterior earVordere-Schieitelb.in-Lage. This is met with principally in cases of high elevation of the promontory, and it is rectified as already described under No. I, if it be rectified at all. The reverse inclination of the head, that to the anterior shoulder, is rarer, and at the same time more dangerous; here the sagittal suture is found close to the upper border of the pubes, the ppsterior parietal bone covers the plane of the inlet, the anterior looks to the fundus uteripresentation of the posterior ear-Hintere Scheitelbein-Lage. It is met with usually when the promontory is not elevated and the anterior wall of the pelvis has a nearly vertical direction, which does not allow of the anterior os parietale rolling down into the inlet. When, in the course of labour, the anterior parietal bone comes more and more to be felt, and the sagittal suture moves from the anterior border ofthe brim towards the transverse diameter, then we may infer a lucky progress. But ordinarily this will take so much time that we cannot wait for it, the soft parts of the mother running the risk of being torn, or of suffering mortification from the pressure of the head against the sharp anterior margin of the brim. If these positions be recognised very early in labour, and if then we find that spontaneous rectification will take too much time, we do best to perform podalic version, as by this operation we produce a position much more favourable than the primary one. These anterior or posterior lateral flexions of the head in contracted pelvis alone constitute for me a strict indication for early version; in all other cases of narrowness, the indications for version vary according to the talent and judgment of the individual operator. But when the performance of version in the cases in question does no longer appear likely to be easy, or if it be injudicious to do it, then we must perform craniotomy, and the earlier that is done the better for the mother. The foregoing general notions are the most important which I have to communicate about mechanism of labour in contracted pelvis. To give more details, want of time forbids, as well as want of sufficient experience of the rarer varieties of pelvic anomalies and presentations. The above remarks are based upon more than five hundred personal observations of labour in the three named varieties of abnormal pelvis.


Objective To analyze the clinical value of transrectal ultrasound in the diagnosis of anal fistula.Methods A total of 30 inpatients was enrolled in this study.Transrectal ultrasound with 5-10 MHz convex and linear transducers was performed in all cases before operation.Ultrasound findings were analyzed and compared with clinical,surgical and pathological findings.Results The coincidence of detectiing internal opening of anal fistula with transrectal ultrasound was low(9.7%),however,the coincidence of detecting tracts of anal fistula was 93.8%,and the coincidence of detecting fluid collections was 100% with transrectal ultrasound.Conclusion Transrectal ultrasound can delineate the anal fistula track,identify the occult purulent fluid collection hard to locate by physical examination,which is highly valuable clinically.