Rising ocean temperatures caused by anthropogenic climate change are expected to have significant negative impacts on the biodiversity and productivity of shallow tropical oceans, with concomitant effects on fisheries production. Tropical ectotherms are predicted to be particularly vulnerable to ocean warming due to the pervasive effects of temperature on their performance and physiology, combined with adaptation to relatively stable thermal environments. For many coral reef fishes, moderate increases in temperature lead to increases in individual performance and fitness. However, extreme temperatures (outside of those normally or previously experienced) often have marked adverse effects. During initial and short-term exposure to elevated temperatures, fishes may alter their foraging behaviour and increase food intake to compensate for increasing metabolic demands. Alternatively, fishes may conserve energy as temperatures increase. Or, they may move to more optimal habitats. To date, most of the studies on thermal sensitivities of coral reef fishes, have been conducted under controlled laboratory settings. As such, these studies may have overestimated the vulnerability of fishes to temperature because they do not take account of the ability of individuals to mediate the effects of increasing temperature through modification of their behaviour (i.e. moving to more optimal habitats). This is particularly true for large-bodied tropical fisheries species that are typically understudied in the wild.

To address this problem, I used in situ observations and high-resolution passive acoustic telemetry to explore temporal and spatial variation in behaviour and movement of coral trout, Plectropomus leopardus on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Plectropomus leopardus are an important coral reef mesopredator and are one of the primary species targeted by both commercial and artisanal fishers throughout the Indo-Pacific region. Previous experimental studies have shown that P. leopardus are sensitive to increasing temperature and ocean acidification (Chapter 2) though there have yet to be any field tests to establish their vulnerability to environmental change under natural conditions. To address this knowledge gap, I investigated spatial and temporal variation in foraging behaviour and activity patterns (i.e. amount of time spent resting) of P. leopardus from latitudinally distinct locations. From > 500 hrs of in situ observation, I found that P. leopardus exhibited increased foraging frequency in summer versus winter time, irrespective of latitude, however, foraging frequency substantially declined at water temperatures > 30 °C. In addition, the amount of time spent resting was greatest for P. leopardus during the summer time at both locations, however, the effect was most pronounced at the low-latitude location where individuals spent up to 62% of their time inactive, compared with 43% for the high-latitude population (Chapter 3). These results provided the first indication that P. leopardus moderate their foraging behaviour and activity according to changes in ambient temperature.

Using fine-scale acoustic telemetry ( 27 °C (Chapter 4). Further, average acceleration for P. leopardus was 0.69 m.s⁻² and acceleration increased with increasing temperature up to 30 °C. However, the impact of ambient water temperature strongly influenced resting patterns for P. leopardus from the low-latitude location, where individuals were twice as likely to be detected at low-activity (i.e. resting) than individuals from the high-latitude location. In contrast, individuals from the high-latitude location were more active and detected more often undertaking routine activity indicating higher rates of activity for P. leopardus from the high-latitude location (Chapter 5). Finally, although P. leopardus altered their depth use on a daily basis, and in response to monthly temperature variation, it was notably small ( 50%) 3-D activity space than individuals from the low-latitude location (Chapter 6). These results indicate that P. leopardus are more likely to alter their horizontal rather than vertical space use in response to higher ambient temperature.

Taken together, the results of this thesis suggest that ever-increasing ocean temperatures may impose significant constraints on the capacity of P. leopardus to meet increasing metabolic costs associated with higher temperatures (Chapters 2 & 3). Given projected increases in ocean temperature, P. leopardus may be increasingly constrained in their ability to obtain sufficient prey resources while forced to conserve energy (Chapters 3 & 4). Reductions in movement and space use will also have ramifications for individual fitness, population viability, and ecological function (Chapters 4, 5 & 6). This will likely have negative demographic consequences for P. leopardus potentially undermining the viability and sustainability of coral reef fisheries, particularly in low-latitude locations.


This paper examines faceted tessellations in an acoustic vault ceiling typology for the enhancement of human speech comfort in multi-listener environments. Geometric modelling explores simulated results for various tessellation arrangements within the overall segmentation of a global ceiling geometry. Where pattern-based design for acoustic surfaces often overlooks the optimisation of vault typologies, the tests demonstrated in this research seek a trade-off between acoustic properties and faceted detailing. This involves the performance-based design of micro joint topologies and ruled-surface geometries, and a macro-analysis of the vaulted surface for acoustic studies embedded into this workflow, using Pachyderm software.


The self-cleaning glasses prepared by sol-gel,CVD and sol-gel-CVD composite method were studied for the optimization of film components.The catalytic activity was determined by the degradation of methyl orange,and the soak angle,thickness,and surface morphology of film were measured.The comparisons between (sol-gel,)CVD,and sol-gel-CVD composite methods were made.The results show that the Ti-Ce film made from sol-gel-CVD method has the best density,hydrophility,and catalytic activity which the degradation of methyl orange reached 96.2% in 1.5 h.


A comprehensive classification system was applied to the analysis of the information surrounding the occurrence of all traumatic work-related fatalities in Australia over the years 1982–1984. The information coded included factors immediately antecedent to the accident as well as factors removed in time which contributed to the occurrence of the accident. The results indicated that the relationships between human and other factors, among human factors, and between factors immediately preceding the accident and those removed in time from the accident all provide important insights about the causes of occupational accidents and their prevention.


The background,feasibility and superiority of comprehensive utilization technology for electricity generation-sea water desalination-salt and salt chemical engineering are introduced in the article.The technology accords with national policy of recycling economy.It can also contribute to the economy development around Bohai of Jing-jin-ji area.


This study is a follow-up study of the continuation task, aiming to investigate the long-term alignment effects of the comparative continuation on L2 writing performance. The research lasted for a period of 16 weeks and employed a pretest-treatment-posttest research design. Two comparable groups of fifty-five Chinese undergraduate EFL learners participated. Both groups were assigned the same writing tasks i.e. writing an argument essay of the same topic within 30 minutes. One group was given an input text with comparative ideas before writing, while another group did not have any reading materials. After 8-week treatment, both groups received a posttest, in which the data were compared and analyzed with those of pretest. Results showed that (i) the comparative continuation task resulted in greater improvement in EFL learners' writing performance than topic-writing task. (ii) the comparative continuation task was superior to the topic-writing task in incurring less meaning-based errors, but there was no difference in form-based errors between the two groups. The results can provide some enlightenment for teaching and research of foreign language writing.


Editor's reply: Although Dr. Van Leeuwen's request is understandable, we have no information not already available in standard books and journals with which to answer it. We have not used magnesium sulfate enemas, believing the theoretical argument for doing so not sufficiently convincing to make up for lack of laboratory data or controlled clinical trial. Our experienced colleagues have taken the same view. Accordingly, we chose to publish Dr. Silverman's wise plea for skepticism (Pediatrics 35: 369) and to await better evidence for or against modifying standard treatment for this varied and complex disease.


The economic dispatch in islanded microgrids (MGs) is a thorny problem due to the low equivalent inertia and the uncertainty of environmental conditions. In this paper, a two-layer model is proposed for economic dispatch in islanded MGs, in which an MG is considered as the lower layer, while a communication network is considered as the upper layer. Furthermore, a systematic method is presented to derive fully distributed control laws from any given communication network. On the communication network, there are two subgraphs, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\tilde {G}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\hat {G}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, one of which consists of all agents, while the other of which consists of only controllable agents. Correspondingly, two sets of control laws are derived from the two subgraphs, where the control laws from the subgraph <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\tilde {G}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ensure the supply-demand balance in the MG, while the control laws from the subgraph <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\hat {G}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> realize the economic dispatch. Moreover, the economic operation in MGs can be satisfied, only if agents on the communication network regulate distributed generators iteratively according to the control laws. Finally, three cases are designed to evaluate the performance of the method, and the simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.


In this study, the hydraulic characteristics of circular bottom intake orifices were investigated in a hydraulic model. The structure diverts the river‐flow to a hydroelectric power plant through circular orifices located at the bottom of the channel. In the model, a series of circular holes of various diameters and locations at the bottom of a channel in the form of single and multiple holes were tested for different flowrates and screen angles (θ) to determine the flow diverting capacity of them. Discharges passing through orifices at known locations (x) and diameters (d) and screen slopes (θ) were measured and recorded along with the related main channel flow rates and depths (h). Using the dimensional analysis approach, an expression for the flow rate diverted from the main channel was derived as a function of related parameters, and their variations with each other were presented graphically and empirical equations were determined. Referring to the graphs and empirical equations, one can determine the discharge capacity of single and multiple intake orifices, which is important to calculate the amount of flow to be diverted from the main channel within the ranges of the related parameters used in this study.


The atmospheric O2/N2 ratio (d(O2/N2)) has been observed at many ground-based stations since the early 1990s to elucidate the global CO2 budget (e.g. Manning and Keeling, 2006), however, airborne observations of d(O2/N2) in the free troposphere are very limited (e.g. Ishidoya et al., 2012). In this study, the air samples collected using a cargo aircraft C-130H in service between Atsugi Base (35.45 N, 139.45 E) and Minamitorishima (MNM; 24.28 N, 153.98 E) have been analyzed for d(O2/N2), Ar/N2 ratio (d(Ar/N2)), d15N of N2, d18O of O2 and d40Ar to clarify time and space variations of the d(O2/N2) in the mid-troposphere. The observations onboard the C-130H are conducted once per month, and 24 air samples are collected into 1.7 L Titanium flasks during the level flight at an altitude about 6 km and descent toward MNM (Tsuboi et al., 2012). 6 air samples are also collected into the similar flasks at the ground surface in MNM around the same time period with the C-130 H observation. The total of 30 air samples are analyzed for CO2, CH4, N2O and CO concentration at Japan Meteorological Agency, then analyzed about +-1 per meg. This uncertainty is smaller enough than +-4.8 per meg (+-1 ppm) of the precision required for the precise observation of the atmospheric d(O2/N2). Therefore, it is suggested that variations of the d(O2/N2) in the free troposphere are observable using the C-130H by applying the correction method. The corrected d(O2/N2) and CO2 concentration varied seasonally almost in opposite phase at all heights. The average Atmospheric Potential Oxygen (APO = O2 +1.1 x CO2) (Stephens et al., 1998) during the observation period (May - December 2012) decreased with increasing altitude, which implied the net O2 outgassing from the ocean around MNM for the period. In the presentation, we will also discuss the characteristic variations of the d(O2/N2) observed in the free troposphere based on the analyzed results of comparisons of the d(O2/N2) with the CO2, CH4, N2O and CO concentration as well as the backward trajectories for the observation dates. The correction method employed in this study will make it possible to observe the d(O2/N2) precisely using air samples collected without special sampling techniques to reduce the fractionations of the molecules. CO 2 has the most effect on the global climate change because CO 2 has the largest positive radiative forcing (IPCC 2007). The accurate estimation of the CO 2 emission and loss flux are necessary to improve the prediction of the global climate change in the future, because the variations of CO 2 concentration substantially contributes to the variations of the global radiative forcing. CO 2 concentration varies due to the emission from the gasoline and natural gas combustion, biomass burning, and ecosystem respiration, the absorption due to the photosynthesis, the absorption into ocean and emission from the ocean surface. In the urban area, the variation of CO 2 concentration depends on the anthropogenic emission such as the fossil fuel combustion (gasoline and natural gas) and background CO 2 concentration mainly. We conducted the continuous measurement of carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of CO 2 (delta 13 C, delta 18 O) using the infrared absorption laser spectrometer. The infrared absorption laser spectrometer can continuously measure delta 13 C, delta 18 O in high time resolution (10 seconds). The measurement period was from July 20 to August 10, 2012 at Nagoya University. Simultane-ously, we measured the concentrations of nitrogen oxides, CO, water vapor and stable isotope ratios of water vapor (deltaD and delta 18 O). The variations of CO 2 concentrations, delta 13 C and delta 18 O shows the contribution of the fossil fuel combustion and ecosystem respiration to the carbon cycle in the urban area. Measured CO 2 concentrations and stable isotope ratios (delta 13 C, delta 18 O) show the diurnal variation in the measurement period. CO 2 concentrations decreased in the daytime and had a peak in the nighttime. On the other hand, delta 13 C and delta 18 O had a peak in the daytime and decreased in the nighttime. This indicates that the variations of CO 2 concentration were substantially affected by the ecosystem respiration and photosynthesis in the urban area. We conducted the keeling plot analyses for delta 13 C and delta 18 O in the nighttime to estimate the contributions of the fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning, and ecosystem respiration. In addition of the keeling plot analyses, we estimated CO 2 source from the relationship between the variations of CO and CO 2 concentrations. CO is emitted by the fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning mainly, while, CO 2 generated by the fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning and ecosystem respiration. Therefore, the relationship between CO and CO 2 concentration shows CO 2 source; the lager ratios of CO to increment of CO 2 from the background level (delta CO 2 ) shows the contribution of the fossil fuel combustion or biomass burning, on the other hand, the smaller ratios of CO to delta CO 2 shows the contribution of the ecosystem respiration. We will discuss the source of CO 2 from the analyses of the ratios of CO to delta CO 2 and keeling plot. Since spring 2009, we conduct observations of NO2 and aerosols at Fukue Island (32.75N, 128.68E) using MAX-DOAS (Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy), in addition to surface monitoring of O3, PM2.5 and black carbon, to elucidate regional air pollution over East Asia. Differential slant column densities (DSCDs) of NO2 and O4 are first determined for the UV/vis spectra observed at low elevation angles (3, 5, 10, 20, and 30 degrees) with respect to the zenith observations used as reference. Aerosol profile is first retrieved such that the O4 DSCDs are consistent with radiative transfer and then the tropospheric column density of NO2 and its vertical profile are optimally estimated. At Fukue Island, in-situ NO2 observations were made using a chemiluminescence instrument equipped with a photolytic converter in May-June 2009 and a laser-induced fluorescence instrument in March-June 2010, respectively. These data were successfully used to evaluate the NO2 quantities derived from MAX-DOAS observations. We analyzed diurnal to seasonal variations of NO2 in 2009-2012, derived from MAX-DOAS. Wintertime maxima were regularly observed during this period. High NO2 concentrations were recorded when air mass was rapidly transported from Korean Peninsula. Such transport was sometimes evident in spring period, affecting the ozone production regime there. Despite the importance of the role of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) in the troposphere, causes leading to a discrepancy between satellite-derived and modeled tropospheric NO2 vertical column densities (VCDs) over East Asia remain unclear. Here the reproducibility of satellite tropospheric NO 2 VCD data by a regional atmospheric chemistry model (CMAQ) with the Regional Emission inventory in ASia (REAS) Version 2 is evaluated from the viewpoint of the diurnal variation of tropospheric NO 2 VCDs, where satellite observations at different local times (SCIAMACHY/ENVISAT, OMI/Aura, and GOME-2/Metop-A) are utilized considering literature validation results. As a case study, we concentrate on June and December 2007 for a detailed evaluation based on various sensitivity runs, for example with different spatial resolutions (80, 40, 20, and 10 km) for CMAQ. For June, CMAQ generally reproduces absolute values of satellite NO 2 VCDs and their diurnal variations over all selected 12 diagnostic regions in East Asia. In contrast, a difficulty arises in interpreting a significant disagreement between satellite and CMAQ values over most of the diagnostic regions in December. The disagreement cannot be explained by any sensitivity runs performed in this study. To address this, more investigations, including further efforts for satellite validations in wintertime, are needed. Satellite NO2, CO, O3, and HNO3 data are assimilated into a chemical transport model to estimate global surface NOx emissions and their seasonal variation in 2007. The data assimilation of data for multiple species provides comprehensive constraints on the NOx emissions by limiting model errors in NOx chemistry. The non-NO2 data changed the regional and hemispheric monthly total NOx emissions by 50% and 13-29%, respectively. These large changes introduced by the inclusion of non-NO2 data imply a large uncertainty in the NOx emissions inverted from NO2 data only. Compared to the emission inventories, the estimated NOx emissions show enhanced seasonal variations with the maximum emissions at most of the northern mid-latitudes occurring 1-2 months earlier. An analysis of the background error covariance demonstrates that additional constraints from other chemically related species (e.g., isopren and formaldehyde) have the potential to further improve surface NOx emission analyses. Systematic collections of stratospheric air samples have been carried out over Japan since 1985, using a balloon-borne cryo-genic sampler. The stratospheric air samples have been collected almost once a year or two years at 11 assigned heights, ranging from the tropopause to 30 - 35 km. The air samples were analyzed for various gas concentrations, such as CO2, CH4, N2O, and SF6, and their isotopes. Measurements of the stratospheric CO2 concentration are one of the most promising methods to detect possible changes in the stratospheric circulation, because chemical loss and production are negligible in the stratosphere and its long-term trend in the troposphere is propagated into the stratosphere, with some time lag. Increasing trend of the CO2 concentration was clearly found at heights above 20-25 km, where the CO2 concentration becomes almost constant vertically. To clarify the difference of the secular CO2 increases between the mid-stratosphere and the troposphere, the average values of the CO2 concentratio


Lipoprotein Glomerulopathy: Molecular Characterization of Three Italian Patients and Literature Survey
Lipoprotein glomerulopathy (LPG) is a rare kidney disease, mainly reported in Asian subjects, linked with rare APOE gene mutations resulting in a structurally abnormal Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), the plasma accumulation of lipoprotein remnants and the formation of lipid thrombi in glomerular capillaries. This study reports the molecular characterization of three unrelated Italian patients with long standing LPG.


This thesis will reconsider the real status of Xu Beihong as a "realism" painter through a comparison between Xu Beihong, who occupies an important position in the mainstream of Chinese art history in the 20thcentury, and the Chinese Communist Party's literature and art policy and review the impact of the difference between the existing political evaluation and today's academic consideration on Chinese art history in the 20thcentury. Xu Beihong, who had claimed realism art since the Republic of China era, was a representative cooperator in the literature and art united front for new democratic literature and art revolution. However, his position of recognizing a progressive format other than the preference of the public as appropriate made it difficult to completely agree with the policy line of the Chinese Communist Party, which valued ideological purity or principles over progress and development. In spite of that, the Communist Party had kept applying the united front principles through the renovation of artists, and Xu Beihong, with a blind will towards the country's union, also did not give up on being renovated into a new democratic painter, albeit passively. As a result, he achieved some partial results of being renovated while experiencing continuous conflicts and limitations between his subjective will and objective conditions. The Communist Party which tried to build a new democratic art history by a literature and art united front also made the best use of his symbolic aspects and it eventually led Xu to be historicized as a key figure in the mainstream of 20thcentury Chinese art history. However, Chinese new democratic art history, established strategically by political logics rather than art in this way, had become to have certain ideological aspect that cannot be fixed again. Also, by constantly reproducing and spreading historical contradictions and illogical concepts which are unexplainable with academic concepts and logics, including specific conceptual terms such as realism, a long-term confusion and obstacles were caused in the relevant studies.


The occurrence of temporary stock-outs at retail is common in frequently purchased product categories. Available empirical evidence suggests that when faced with stock-outs, consumers are often willing to buy substitute items. An important implication of this consumer behavior is that observed sales of an item no longer provide a good measure of its core demand rate. Sales of items that stock-out are right censored, while sales of other items are inflated because of substitutions. Knowledge of the true demand rates and substitution rates is important for the retailer for a variety of category management decisions such as the ideal assortment to carry, how much to stock of each item, and how often to replenish the stock. The estimated substitution rates can also be used to infer patterns of competition between items in the category. In this paper we propose methods to estimate demand rates and substitution rates in such contexts. We develop a model of customer arrivals and choice between goods that explicitly allows for possible product substitution and lost sales when a customer faces a stock-out. The model is developed in the context of retail vending, an industry that accounts for a sizable part of the retail sales of many consumer products. We consider the information set available from two kinds of inventory tracking systems. In the best case scenario of a perpetual inventory system in which times of stock-out occurrence and cumulative sales of all goods up to these times are observed, we derive Maximum Likelihood Estimates (MLEs) of the demand parameters and show that they are especially simple and intuitive. However, state-of-the-art inventory systems in retail vend-ing provide only periodic data, i.e., data in which times of stock-out occurrence are unobserved or "missing." For these data we show how the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm can be employed to obtain the MLEs of the demand parameters by treating the stock-out times as missing data. We show an application of the model to daily sales and stocking data pooled across multiple beverage vending machines in a midwestern U.S. city. The vending machines in the application carry identical assortments of six brands. Since the number of parameters to be estimated is too large given the available data, we discuss possible restrictions of the consumer choice model to accomplish the estimation. Our results indicate that demand rates estimated naively by using observed sales rates are biased, even for items that have very few occurrences of stock-outs. We also find significant differences among the substitution rates of the six brands. The methods proposed in our paper can be modified to apply to many nonvending retail settings in which consumer choices are observed, not their preferences, and choices are constrained because of unavailability of items in the choice set. One such context is in-store grocery retailing, where similar issues of information availability arise. In this context an important issue that would need to be dealt with is changes in the retail environment caused by retail promotions.


This work proposes novel non-cooperative and cooperative detection methods for identifying primary user emulation attacks (PUEAs) based on a channel-tap power in mobile OFDM-based CR networks. The channel-tap power is utilized as a radio-frequency fingerprint (RFF) to directly detect users via physical (PHY) layer. A channel-based detection for the noncooperative detection is proposed using the Neyman-Pearson test to discriminate between the primary users (PUs) and PUEAs. To improve the detection performance in the shadowing and fading environment, the cooperative detection scheme using the fixed sample size test (FSST) is devised. The proposed methods helps PHY layer completely detect the identities of PUs and PUEAs. From simulation results, for a mobile CR speed of 70 km/h, SNR=-5 dB, and false alarm probability of 0.03, the FSST using ten cooperative nodes can achieve the detection probability of 0.99, which is increased by 1.94 times that of a single node.


The operation of several optical components, such as high-contrast gratings, is based on the interference between two oscillation modes. Therefore, this paper is devoted to the complete characterization of bimodal Fabry-Pérot interferometers, which can effectively model such two-mode interactions. Thanks to a novel parameterization of the mirror scattering matrices, this paper presents for the first time explicit expressions of the bimodal interferometer response, proving phenomena such as 100% reflection peaks, and predicting their positions. For this reason, this paper, which complements-rather than replaces-the existing numerical techniques, provides a completely new perspective on high-contrast gratings.


Abstract Despite the global boom in skyscraper construction, the drivers of skyscraper height are still poorly understood. While extant research primarily focuses on economic determinants of skyscraper height, this article conceptualizes the skyscraper as a cultural artefact and hypothesizes that skyscraper height may also be contingent on a country's cultural environment. The dependent variable in this study measures the architectural height of the tallest skyscraper in a sample of 90 countries. Economic covariates capture effects on height by zoning regulations, land value, relative rents, taxes and subsidies, GDP growth rate, real interest rate and potential agglomeration economies. The cultural covariates are drawn from Hofstede's (Culture's consequences: comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations, 1st ed., Vol. 5. Thousand Oaks (CA): Sage Publications, Inc.; 1980) cultural dimensions framework and include country indices for power distance, individualism, masculinity and uncertainty avoidance. The results of multiple regression analysis show significant effects of several economic covariates on skyscraper height and reveal a significant effect of cross-country differences in power distance indices on skyscraper height. As such, cross-country differences in the degree to which the less powerful members of a society accept and expect that power is distributed unequally may constrain or enable real estate developers and construction companies in how tall to propose and build skyscrapers.


Fewster and Mistry have given an explicit, non-optimal quantum weak energy inequality that constrains the smeared energy density of Dirac fields in Minkowski spacetime. Here, their argument is adapted to the case of flat, two-dimensional spacetime. The non-optimal bound thereby obtained has the same order of magnitude, in the limit of zero mass, as the optimal bound of Vollick. In contrast with Vollick's bound, the bound presented here holds for all (non-negative) values of the field mass m.


This paper is concerned with an online trajectory planning of a ping-pong ball struck by a racket of a robotic table tennis system, which can detect the coming ball and predict the striking point by the racket. The struck ball trajectory is determined by the rebound phenomenon on the racket and the flying motion with the air resistances, which are governed by physical models of a racket rebound model (RRM) and an aerodynamics model (ADM) respectively. Therefore, the racket motion for the desired struck ball trajectory is obtained by solving the ADM and the RRM sequentially backward in time. Especially, the two point boundary value problem (TPBVP) of the ADM has to be solved for a desired landing point in the opponent's court. The finite difference method (FDM) for the TPBVP leads to a set of nonlinear simultaneous equations because of the ADM's nonlinearity while the ball motion at the striking point as one of the boundaries is constrained by a condition which guarantees the existence of the solution of the RRM. Therefore, we propose an novel method where the set of simultaneous equations by the FDM is formulated as a time-varying one and it is linearized by replacing the time-varying terms to the time sequence of an analytical solution of an approximated ADM. This linearized equations are solved iteratively to improve the accuracy and to satisfy the constraint. The processing time and the accuracy are verified by numerical examples where the algorithm is coded by C++ Language.


The generalization of the Yang-Baxter equations in the presence of 2 grading along both chain and time directions is presented and an integrable model of t-J type with staggered disposition of shifts of the spectral parameter along the chain is constructed. The Hamiltonian of the model is computed in the fermionic formulation. It involves three neighbour site interactions and therefore can be considered as a zigzag ladder model. The algebraic Bethe ansatz technique is applied and the eigenstates as well as the eigenvalues of the transfer matrix of the model are found. It is argued that in the thermodynamic limit the lowest energy of the model is formed by the quarter filling of the states by fermions instead of the usual half filling.


At the present stage of development, one of the most common pathological conditions of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in children is chronic constipation. Chronic constipation is a serious medical and social problem in all countries of the world, due to its wide prevalence, low effectiveness of therapy, reduced social activity, impaired quality of life of patients and increased use of healthcare resources.


The network technology is a popular me th od for construction schedule and control. But till now there has not been a sati sfied solution to the problem of construction duration-cost optimization. This paper presents an innovative technique that can be used to optimize the time-co st trade-off process. The technique is based on the theory of Maximum Flow-Min imal Cut(MFMC).In the paper a simple PDM network example is used to describe the optimization process and mathematics model. It makes the availability of time- cost optimization method on computer. The method is of a great significance to c ontrolling construction schedule and reducing costs.


Recently, intrusion detection system (IDS) has become an essential remedy to protect networks from malicious activities and attacks. The attacks force the network activities under risk and cause network data as an unrecoverable one. The attacks have different features in nature and their detection rate is low. An efficient attack detection system requires a huge volume of network transactions and relevant features for training. But the existing datasets have significant and nonsignificant features together. Hence, the significant feature selection plays a major role to detect the attacks. For this reason, this paper adopts the XGBoost approach to identify the relevant (significant) features of the attacks in the dataset. After this XGBoost, this article applies the bidirectional long short term model (Bi‐LSTM) for the detection and classification of the attacks. This Bi‐LSTM model is a novel approach to the IDS and very effective to increase the detection rate. Thus, this article focuses on feature reduction and classification of the attacks. The experimental results show that the proposed XGBoost and Bi‐LSTM combination outperforms in detecting attacks.


A procedure for the reformulation of Chang's criterion (1981) for the absence of zero-input limit cycles in recursive digital filters is presented. The technique employs the standard bilinear transform to convert a frequency-domain criterion into a polynomial form in terms of matrix transformations. The use of the method is illustrated with design examples applied to determine the stability region for certain single-quantizer recursive filter structures. The results can be utilized, e.g., in the design of an error feedback network for a given filter such that limit cycles are eliminated.<<ETX>>


Many of those active in public life in the years surrounding the Second World War have, in recent years, written their memoirs. Paul Martin, Jack Pickersgill, Charles Ritchie, David Lewis, Arnold Heeney, and others have published reminiscences of varying length and quality. R.B. Bryce, who joined the Department of Finance in the late • 93os under the leadership of the legendary W.C. Clark, and who would later become deputy minister himself, has chosen a different route. Rather than a personal memoir of his experiences, he has decided to write a history of the department with which he was so closely associated. This first volume takes that history from Confederation through to the end of the Depresssion, though most of the work concentrates on the


The ESA-NASA-ISAS International Solar Terrestrial Physics (ISTP) project has come to involve more than 2000 scientists worldwide; its investment of $2 billion by the U.S., the E.E.C., and Japan constitutes an excellent opportunity for participation of Latin American scientists in the analysis of geophysical observational data. The range of scientific problems addressed by ISTP are presently discussed with a view to the participation of Latin American researchers equipped with work stations of the requisite power.


Member States in respect of which the Council has not decided that they fulfil the necessary conditions for the adoption of the euro shall hereinafter be referred to as 'Member States with a derogation'.


The interaction of a Transversely Excited Atmospheric (TEA) CO2 laser (pulse duration less than 2 μs) with carbon and activated carbon cloth was investigated. The investigations have shown that carbon cloth had been physically modified by the TEA CO2 laser. The type of modification strongly depends on laser working regime, such as energy density of the laser beam, etc. The morphology transformations induced by interaction with TEA CO2 laser beams resulted in different specific surface area of activated carbon cloth. Also, laser interaction induced minor changes in crystallographic structure parameters.


A patient presenting with hematemesis was detected to have a 3 cm sized pedunculated polyp in the gastric antrum. A snare polypectomy was performed. Histopathology of polyp revealed it to be benign submucosal stromal tumor.


Coastal regions, which are theoretically characterized by the affinity of geographical, natural and other prerequisites for economic development, are characterized by a number of peculiarities of the practical functioning of special sectors of the economy, such as the extraction of aquatic bioresources, tourism and recreation, and the development of maritime transport. Identifying and taking into account the following features encourages the development of individual strategies for the development of coastal regions, taking into account their specifics of the maritime complex (using the developed sequence of stages and their content of strategic planning of ecosystem competitiveness of coastal regions). Analyzing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to the ecosystem competitiveness of the economy of the "Azov-Black Sea region", a list of strategic initiatives was established in accordance with the comparison of weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and threats, namely: influence on the formation of value orientations among young people and the middle generation, work with human resources, formation of a competitive economy of the coastal region on an ecosystem basis, strengthening of regional and local government institutions, overcoming the consequences of Russia's military aggression in the plan. The PEST-analysis showed the need to create conditions for the implementation of the strategy's measures: financing and branding. These areas require strengthening state and regional initiatives and public control in the field of ecosystem protection and restoration, creation and use of infrastructure for the development of shipping, including digital infrastructure, staff development along with active innovative research, and the implementation of green economy principles in the region's life.


Non-Nominative Subjects in Rajasthani and Central Pahari. The Status of the Ergative and Obligatory Constructions It was noted very early (Kellog 1972 [1875]; Grierson 2005 [1916], vol. IX, part IV: 103-107) that Rajastahani and Pahari dialects displayed many morphological affinities. However languages belonging to both groups show different treatment of non-nominative subjects in ergative and obligatory constructions. Western Rajasthani is an example of constant drift towards nominativity and disappearance of the oblique subject marking in the ergative domain (cf. Khokhlova 2001; 2006). Eastern Rajasthani reinforces the A and O contrast by introducing the ne postposition which serves as a dative marker as well. Pahari dialects on the other hand consistently mark A of the transitive sentence with the le postposition which is also employed as an instrumental marker. Those dative and instrumental markers are also used in the obligatory constructions. Both types of markers are of recent origin but the ergative and obligatory patterns can be observed throughout the history of the IA languages. In Rajasthani and Pahari one can see two divergent morphological developments which have resulted in attrition and reinforcement of ergativity respectively. The situation seems to be more complex if we take into consideration specific developments in verbal agreement in Rajasthani and the maintenance of unmarked pronominal O in Kumauni (cf. Sharma 1987) in ergative construction and the reinterpretation of the obligatory construction as future tense in Kumauni and Garhwali. The present paper argues that despite the recent origin of case marking in IA languages they do share certain structural properties which are traceable historically. Introduction of new markers has served only to maintain structural pattern continuum. The employment of the ergative postposition with intransitive verbs (e.g. cough, laugh) (cf. Montaut 2004) and its implementation in the obligatory construction can be perceived as an attempt to rebuild the system which goes back neither to the ergative nor to accusative (cf. Klimov 1983; Lehmann 1995; Bauer 2000).


Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is usually transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait in which excessive iron absorption causes iron overload, primarily in parenchymal cells. It is mainly due to mutations HFE gene (hemochromatosis type 1),1 but a minority of cases are associated with TFR2 gene mutations (hemochromatosis type 3).2 In addition, a severe early onset form (hemochromatosis type 2) has been described and mapped.3 More recently, an autosomal dominant form of HH has been described (HFE type 4) due to mutations in FERROPORTIN 1 (also known as solute carrier family 11, member A3, or SLC11A3).4-6 We have identified a large French-Canadian pedigree affected by an autosomal dominant form of iron overload and characterized by 8 affected and 9 healthy members (Figure 1a). A summary of the most important iron parameters and clinical signs is reported in Table 1. The proband (2055) (now 28 years old) presented with fatigue, diarrhea and tremors. His serum ferritin concentration was 647 μg/L (normal range up to 400 μg/L) and transferrin saturation was 77% (normal range up to 45%). A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan suggested iron accumulation in the liver and steatosis. A liver biopsy revealed iron deposition in both hepatocytes and Kupffer cells without fibrosis but with grade 4 at Perls' staining (Figure 1b). After one year of venesections (once per week) (450 mL blood per week), the ferritin dropped to 44 μg/L with a transferrin saturation of 31%. The proband's father (2053) (now 59 years old) had a high serum ferritin concentration (1759 μg/L) and a transferrin saturation of 96%. Liver biopsy showed fibrosis and marked iron accumulation in hepatocytes and in macrophages and ferritin concentration fell to 15.5 μg/L after 2 years of phlebotomies. Elevated serum ferritin associated with increased transferrin saturation was found in 6 additional family members. All patients are now undergoing phlebotomies and none of them have any problem tolerating this therapy. Genomic DNA was obtained from all family members. Exclusion of HFE C282Y and H63D mutations was performed as previously described. Linkage to FERROPORTIN 1 locus (Lod score of 4.21 at recombination frequency of τ=0) has been demonstrated using the following markers: D2S2257, D2S350, D2S152, D2S118, D2S315 and D2S280. The following mutational screening of FERROPORTIN 1 gene, carried out by direct sequencing of its coding region and flanking intron-exon boundaries, led to the identification of a T to C change at nucleotide position 190 of the gene. This change corresponds to a substitution of an aromatic and hydrophobic tyrosine residue with a small and polar asparagine one at position 64 of the protein (Y64N). This mutation, which segregates with the disease and was not found in 100 normal controls, can be easily detected by RE digestion since it creates a new HincII restriction site (Figure 1c). According to consensus structural predictions the mutation is located in the first transmembrane domain of ferroportin 1 protein.8 Three other mutations in the human FERROPORTIN 1 gene have been so far reported.4,5,7 Njajou et al. described a Dutch pedigree with a missense mutation (N144H) resulting in autosomal dominant hemochromatosis with significant iron overload treatable by phlebotomy. Montosi et al. reported a missense mutation (A77D) in an autosomal dominant Italian hemochromatosis pedigree, in which transferrin saturation was elevated in 8 of 15 family members. For N144H mutation a gain of function effect was proposed, while for A77D a loss of function and haploinsufficiency was suggested. Finally a common deletion, named V162del was described in cases with increased serum ferritin with either normal or raised transferrin saturation.6,8,9,10 This mutation seems to lead to loss of function and deficiency in the release of iron from phagocytic cells, which becomes apparent on venesection. Serum ferritin concentrah ha em at ol og ic a


Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems are among the most widespread computing technologies with technical potential and profitable opportunities in numerous applications worldwide. Further, RFID is the core technology behind the Internet of Things (IoT), which can accomplish the real-time transmission of information between objects without manual operation. However, RFID security has been taken for granted for several years, causing multiple vulnerabilities that can even damage human functionalities. The latest ISO/IEC 18000-63:2015 standard concerning RFID dates to 2015, and much freedom has been given to manufacturers responsible for making their devices secure. The lack of a substantial standard for devices that implement RFID technology creates many vulnerabilities that expose end-users to elevated risk. Hence, this paper gives the reader a clear overview of the technology, and it analyzes 23 well-known RFID attacks such as Reverse Engineering, Buffer Overflow, Eavesdropping, and Malware. Moreover, given the exceptional capabilities and utilities of RFID devices, this paper has focused on security measures and defenses for protecting them, such as Active Jamming, Shielding tag, and Authentication.


We applied eleetrocoehleography (ECochG) test to 37 persons. 14 of 1hem were normal and 23 of them were the patients with cochlear paihology who have applied to the Royal National Throat, Nose, Ear Hospital Neuro - Otology and Electrophysiology department of London University Medical School.
The results were obtained by ECochG tests have shown that this test is applicable easily and rather trustify than the subjective behavioral audiometrie test for the diagnosis of cochlear pathology.


The Donald Trump administration announced new, unprecedented sanctions against Venezuela on August 25 that are designed to cut off financing to Venezuela. The Trump team pretends that the sanctions are only directed at the government. But as any economist knows, this is clearly false.


The overall planning problem of an ambulatory health care facility is often attacked using either linear programming or simulation models. This paper discusses each method and then describes a third method -- recursive modeling -- which capitalizes on the advantages and minimizes the disadvantages of the other two methods. Methods of variance reduction and data analysis are also discussed.


Of the outer peripheral portion of the spring 50 and the rotating plate 40 made of a plate member disposed in the rotating plate 40 for rotating the rotary operation shaft and the integral of the electrical part, protrudes from the outer periphery, allowed disposed click member 60 and, on the inner circumferential surface of the housing 22 for receiving the rotary plate 40, it comprises a convex 25 formed arranged in the circumferential direction. Click member 60 forms a columnar shape, a peripheral surface portion is pressed by the spring 50 is elastically in contact with the irregularities (25). Good, and also it is possible to obtain a clear click feeling, and has excellent durability, and can realize a click mechanism of the electrical components can be made smaller.


This paper described studies of effects of auto exhausts pollution on leaves of eight typical roadside trees in the Pearl River delta in terms of the foliar tissues of the leaves' upper and under surfaces. It has been showed that gaseous pollution from traffic affects foliar superficial structures such as number of stoma, surface stoma size and so on.


A patient is described who showed slowly progressive apraxia not associated with other neuropsychological dysfunctions. The onset of symptoms began at age 60 years, and the duration of illness was 5 y


By using of WLS(weighted least squares) and vector self-regression methods,the author of this paper manage to construct a comparative empirical analysis model about the relation between carbon emissions and its influence factors on condition of low-carbon economy in China.Furthermore,it applies impulse response function and variance decomposition to explore the influence coefficient size and period change rule.Research shows that:on the one hand,there is a long-term equilibrium and stable relation between the Chinese carbon emissions and their influence factors.One of the most important factors is per capita GDP,energy efficiency and industrial structure,next is the population and per capita income.On the other hand,through the impulse response function and variance decomposition,it is quite sensitive to the carbon emission to per capita GDP,energy efficiency and industrial structure in China,but it is relative stable to population and per capita income level with the response of the period.The influence coefficient to these variables differs in period length.


ABSTRACT The main objective of this article is to present a theoretical framework for the relevant historical, economic, demographic, and political factors influencing the transformation of social care services for the elderly in Slovakia. A major restructuring of the social care services for the elderly is necessitated by the aging of the Slovak population (demographic reason), the path dependency of the current Slovak elderly care system (historical reason), the growing purchasing power of older people and the general population (economic reason), and new requirements formulated by the European Union and the general public (political reason). Historical documents, legislative acts, strategic documents, international project documents, and statistics were reviewed, and 34 open-ended interviews within the framework of two case studies were carried out in order to obtain qualitative and quantitative data. The theoretical framework and the results based on those interviews indicate that the Slovak social care service for the elderly may turn out to become more similar to the advanced Central European systems, but also that prompt legislative and financial changes are required. Nevertheless, the future direction can only be more precisely identified when more case studies can be compared with one another.


The invention discloses a radar signal analog source system and a signal analog method of the radar signal analog source system. The radar signal analog source system comprises a control computer, a field-programmable gate array, an interface chip, a first direct digital synthesis module, a second direct digital synthesis module, a synthesizer, a microwave frequency mixing module and a digital attenuator. The signal analog method of the radar signal analog source system comprises the following steps that firstly, the field-programmable gate array receives a control signal; secondly, needed control words are worked out; thirdly, target echo signals, speed pull off signals and noise signals are generated by the first direct digital synthesis module and the second direct digital synthesis module; fourthly, a synthesis signal is generated by the synthesizer; fifthly, a frequency mixing signal is generated by the microwave frequency mixing module; sixthly, after the digital attenuator receives the radar echo power and the frequency mixing signal, the radar echo analog signal is output.


discussed at length. Chapter 4 serves as a short introduction not only to Darwin's use of passion manuals but also to the subject as a whole, treating some of the most famous examples such as those by Giambattista della Porta, Johann Caspar Lavatar and Charles Le Brun. This is a broad subject and one that has been addressed in great detail inMartin Kemp's TheHuman Animal (Chicago University Press 2007) and elsewhere. Prodger keeps to the bare facts of Darwin's interest in Charles Bell's 1806 treatise The Anatomy and Philosophy of Expression as Connected with the Fine Arts. In the last section of this chapter, Prodger attempts to locate Darwin's Expression of the Emotions in a market place of similar treatises, but he declines to go into detail. Was Darwin's Expression of the Emotions intended to popularise his theories on evolution, and compete with text's like Bell's? Or was it supposed to evolve a new sort of illustrative practice, competing with the likes of Honore Daumier's Physiognomic Gallery (1836–7)?Was Expression of the Emotions, as Kemp argues, 'the last great act in the traditional succession instigated by the Renaissance artists' (Kemp, 81), or was it entirely novel as Prodger asserts? Chapters 5 and 6 are givenmore extensive attention, dealing with biology and photographs of the insane in turn. Darwin was part of a 'community of observers', as Lorraine Daston has described it, which defied the usual classification into either art or science (Lorraine Daston and Elizabeth Lunbeck, Histories of Scientific Observation, Chicago: Chicago University Press 2011, 81–113). Members of this community included, amongst others, the naturalist James Sowerby, the anatomist Charles Bell, the sculptor Thomas Woolner, the zoologist Louis Agassiz, the astronomer Sir JohnHerschel, the neurologist Guillaume-BenjaminDuchenne de Boulogne and the photographic artist Rejlander. Daston, among others, touches on the darker side of the cult of observation; namely that 'its delights had become so intoxicating they verged on obsession' (Daston, 102). Obsession and voyeurism are ever present in Prodger's narrative, lurking in the disturbing proximity of passion manuals, photography, pathonomic and physiognomic studies to race and gender typing, eugenics and colonialism. Nowhere is this more present than in these two chapters. Even while Prodger attempts to distance Darwin and Agassiz from simple voyeurism, it is clear that the depicted humans were indeed specimens of study – a disturbing depersonalisation that also occurs in photographs used to illustrate pornography, travelling menageries, circus 'freak shows' and racial typing. Prodger is certainly correct in pointing out the rapid dating of the photographs after publication, and the deleterious effect this had on the currency of Expression of the Emotions, but the consequent adoption of photography in racial typing and eugenics, notwithstanding Darwin's universalist stance on the matter, is also a consideration for why Expression of the Emotions did not become a touchstone for scientists studying evolutionary theory. The three most significant chapters, replete with interesting archival finds and bold pronouncements, deal with Rejlander's and Darwin's working relationship (chapters 7, 9 and 10). Prodger undertakes a close analysis not only of the material practice surrounding the making of 'Ginx's Baby', Rejlander's most commercially successful image, but also of the wider visual and literary culture that drove demand for such images. Prodger treats seriously the use of a stereo camera as part of the scientific apparatus of the period, and convincingly argues for a reevaluation of the role of Mary Rejlander in the creation of the performances of expression. He also presents a fascinating analysis of the transformation of observations to photographs and of photographs to book illustrations, providing an unparallelled look at the life cycle of some of these compositions. Not only does Prodger succeed in throwing light on the complexities of making photographs at the time, he also successfully lays the groundwork for his later refutation of simplistic evaluations of scientific photography and the methodology that treats them anachronistically as 'pictorial islands in a sea of text' (223). Adding to the excellent work done by Jennifer Tucker and others, Prodger provides another example of the polysemy of photographic meaning and evidential worth. In this, he examines the role of retouching in science imagery as an integral part of photographic practice as a scientific method. An enjoyable and thoughtful read, Darwin's Camera is another elucidating foray into the complexities of photography in the middle and late nineteenth century. Phillip Prodger has given us a meticulously researched study of Darwin's negotiation of photography and accomplished the not so simple feat of creating a text accessible at both the introductory and advanced levels across several fields of study. It will no doubt inspire further research while inhabiting a well used place on scholarly shelves.


With interest we read the article by Birjiniuk et al.about two patients with multiple mitochondrial dysfunctionsyndrome-1 (MMDS-1) due to the compound heterozygousvariant c.622G>T and c.544C>T in NFU1 who both developedfatal pulmonary hypertension [1]. We have the followingcomments and concerns.


A numerical two-phase flow model is presented to determine the moisture distribution and pore water and gas pressures within unsaturated municipal solid waste (MSW) in bioreactor landfills during leachate recirculation. The numerical model used is the Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua (FLAC), which is based on finite difference approach. The model governing equations and mathematical formulations is briefly explained. Validation of the model is examined by simulating the published laboratory and field studies and published modeling studies. Overall, the two-phase flow model is found to produce results comparable with those of the published studies. This assures that the model can be used for the prediction of moisture distribution and for the rational design of leachate recirculation systems in bioreactor landfills.


National Research Laboratory of Chirotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences,Pohang University of Science and Technology, Kyungbuk 790-784, KoreaReceived March 11, 2004An efficient dynamic kinetic resolution of racemic β-hydroxyalkylferrocene and 1,1'-bis(β-hydroxyalkyl)-ferrocene derivatives was achieved using lipase/ruthenium-catalyzed transesterification in the presence of anacyl donor. The racemic β-hydroxyalkylferrocene derivatives were successfully transformed to thecorresponding chiral acetates of high optical purities in high yields.Key Words : Dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR), Enzyme/metal bicatalysis, Lipase, β-HydroxyalkylferroceneIntroductionThe chiral ferrocene derivatives have been widely used aschiral ligands in asymmetric synthesis,


Dementia is a disease that is common among elderly all over the world and has shown increase trend based on the WHO estimate. Nutritional status of patients with dementia is greatly affected because dementia patients in the late stage have problem with feeding, swallowing, and there is always increase risk of malnutrition. Malnutrition in dementia patient result in compromised immune system, impaired wound-healing, increased risk of hospitalisation and increase rate of death. Feeding difficulties and malnutrition is one of the complications associated with advanced dementia in elderly and it needs urgent attention so as to prevent other problems such as dehydration and infection. Nurses are responsible for bridging the gap in nutrition both in hospital settings and in home care so, adequate understanding and intervention of the problem is required. Nurses should design a way of helping these patients to feed well and also train other health assistants to do so. The objective of the paper is to review different ways of helping dementia patients to bridge the gap in nutrition and how malnutrition can be detected early in dementia patients.


The concept of sustainable development is ambiguous yet undoubtedly it has the character of an ethical project. There are several definitions and interpretations of this concept. The most popular one states that sustainable development is "the way to satisfy the aspirations of societies without restraining the chances of future genera-tions to satisfy their needs". Therefore, sustainable development is the postulate of social justice within one gen-eration and between generations understood as equal chances to satisfy reasonable needs of present and future generations. Two questions arise: 1.) What are these "future generations"? 2). Which ethical principles should be referred to while implementing development defined as above? The article is an attempt to answer those matters and is inspired by Dieter Birnbacher's Responsibility for future generations (Verantwortung fur zukunftige Generationen).


Part I: Institutions, 1. Look with THine Ears: BBC Radio 4 and its Significance in a Multi-Media Age by Andrew Crisell, 2. BBC Radio 5 Live: Extending Choice Through 'Radio Bloke' by Guy Starkey Part II: Identities, 5. Indigenous Radio in Canada by Valerie Alia 6. Native American Radio: Wolakota Wiconi Waste by Bruce L. Smith 8. You've got to hide your love away: Gay radio, Past and Present by Alan Beck Part III: Genres, 10. 'Reality Radio': The Documentary by David Hendy 14. Fireside Issues: Audience, Listeners, Soundscape by Frances Gray Part IV: New Technology, 16. Speech Radio in the Digital Age


Several of the European proposals were presented at a seminar in Royaumont, France, in 1959, and at least one American proposal was influenced by a follow-up meeting of a group of experts in Yugo slavia in 1960. At the Royaumont seminar, Dieudonn?, of France, suggested as the content of the geometry course an axiomatic system that excluded the geometry of Euclid and had useful consequences including rotations, symmetries, and the group of isometries. In his proposal he called for experimental work with no attempt at axiomatization up to age fourteen, the introduction of axioms by age fifteen, and the develop ment of the consequences of the axioms with a deeper study of the groups of plane geometry by age sixteen (OEEC 1961 [a], pp. 38-48). At the same conference Servais re ported that in Belgium proposals for change in deductive geometry were for the most part concerned with substitution of an algebraic approach for the traditional one, although another suggested avenue of reform had as its basic principle the idea of transformations of the plane. He also noted that in Germany more than half the schools were experimenting with the transformation approach (p. 76). Botsch, of Germany, in his report on the use of transformations, suggested that students of the gymnasium would be better prepared for the transformation approach if preliminary work, up to the age of twelve or thirteen, included paper folding, drawing, cutting, pasting, and the making of geometrical ornaments (p. 77). At the meeting in Yugoslavia, the group of experts drew up a syllabus that pre sented everything in a unified approach to the entire curriculum. They proposed two cycles: Cycle I for ages eleven to fifteen and Cycle II for ages fifteen to eighteen. The Cycle I proposals were similar to Botsch's suggestions and extended them to include rotations, reflections, transla tions, and shearing transformations (OEEC 1961 [b], p. 87). One of the goals for geometry in Cycle II was "to develop an understanding of the principal trans formations applicable to the different geometries, and groups of transformations, especially with respect to affine and eu clidean geometry" (pp. 189-90). Among the group of experts were Howard Fehr, whose outline of the Secon dary School Mathematics Curriculum Improvement Study includes many of the suggestions of the group (Fehr 1968, pp. 665-67), and Laurent Pauli, who, at the First International Conference on Math ematical Education in Bogot?, Colombia,


Research on facial expression recognition (FER) technology can promote the development of theoretical and practical applications for our daily life. Currently, most of the related works on this technology are focused on un-occluded FER. However, in real life, facial expression images often have partial occlusion; therefore, the accurate recognition of occluded facial expression images is a topic that should be explored. In this paper, we proposed a novel Wasserstein generative adversarial network-based method to perform occluded FER. After complementing the face occlusion image with complex facial expression information, the recognition is achieved by learning the facial expression features of the images. This method consists of a generator <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$G$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and two discriminators <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$D_{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$D_{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The generator naturally complements occlusion in the expression image under the triple constraints of weighted reconstruction loss <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$l_{wr} $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, triplet loss <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$l_{t} $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and adversarial loss <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$l_{a} $ </tex-math></inline-formula>. We optimize the discriminator <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$D_{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to distinguish between real and fake by constructing an adversarial loss <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$l_{a} $ </tex-math></inline-formula> between the generated complementing images, original un-occluded images, and small-scale-occluded images based on the Wasserstein distance. Finally, the FER is completed by introducing classification loss <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$l_{c} $ </tex-math></inline-formula> into <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$D_{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, an experimental analysis was performed on the AffectNet and RAF-DB datasets. The visual occlusion complementing results, comparison of recognition rates of facial expression images with and without de-occlusion processing, and T-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding visual analysis of facial expression features all prove the effectiveness of the proposed method. The experimental results show that the proposed method is better than the existing state-of-the-art methods.


Objective This study had the objective to investigate the effect of regular contemplative mental training on endocrine indices of long-term stress. Methods An open-label efficacy trial comprising three distinct 3-month modules targeting attention and interoception, socio-affective or socio-cognitive abilities through dyadic exercises and secularised meditation practices was designed and carried out in 332 healthy meditation-naive adults. Participants underwent the training for up to 9 months or were assigned to a retest control cohort. Chronic stress indices were assayed at four timepoints, i.e., pre-training and following each module. The main outcome measures were cortisol and cortisone concentration in hair and self-reported chronic stress Results N=362 initial individuals were randomized, of whom n=30 dropped out before study initiation, n=4 before first sampling and n=2 were excluded. N=99 participants did not provide hair samples. Data from three separate training cohorts revealed consistent decreases in hair cortisol and cortisone levels over the training period. This effect increased with practice frequency, was independent of training content and not associated with change in self-reported chronic stress. Conclusions Our results point to the reduction of long-term cortisol exposure as a mechanism via which contemplative mental training may exert positive effects on practitioners' health. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01833104


With tremendous growth of data in database, distributed database is the current requirement with additional feature of heterogeneity. Today's database is not stored on single site, rather they are stored on multiple sites with extra features like transparency, performance. Such databases are termed as distributed database. Heterogeneous Distributed Database is combination of fragments of database with different schema belonging to different vendor technology namely Oracle. MySQL and MSSQL stored on different sites. Aim of this work is to build a platform which enables a user to communicate with all the databases with a single query. We use a mobile agent which acts as a communicating agent between all the databases. Horizontal and vertical fragmentations are the two techniques for partitioning the tables of the database. In our work we mainly focus on horizontal fragmentation method.


ABSTRACT Introduction: As the field of chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention has evolved, technical approaches have evolved and been refined. Areas covered: In this review, we discuss the major techniques utilized in modern CTO PCI including antegrade wiring, antegrade dissection reentry, retrograde wiring, and retrograde dissection reentry. Retrograde techniques have been extensively studied in comparison to antegrade techniques. Retrograde techniques have contributed to increases in CTO PCI success rates and are generally used in higher complexity lesions. Observational data ssuggestincreased sshort-termcomplications in procedures requiring the use of retrograde techniques; however, llong-termCTO PCI durability and patient outcomes have been shown to be similar among procedures using antegrade only versus retrograde techniques. Expert opinion: Retrograde techniques play a vital role in the technical success of CTO PCI, particularly among more complex lesions and in patients with high burdens of comorbidities. Increases in procedural safety with equipment iteration and in the use of adjunctive imaging will play an important role in the selection of appropriate retrograde conduits and the overall success rates of CTO PCI.


We analyse theoretically the stability of the Brillouin fibre ring laser. This study not only allows us to draw the portrait of the unstable domains for a large range of the system parameters, but it also gives valuable information on the dynamical regimes encountered in these domains. We then describe experiments and numerical simulations performed in the particular conditions of a short-length cavity. The effect of cavity detuning on the stability of the laser is investigated. We also report and characterize the dynamics of a Brillouin laser emitting two Stokes components.


In one family, tumoral calcinosis with hyperphosphatemia was associated with a missense mutation (S71G) in fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). Full-length mutant FGF23 accumulates in the Golgi; inactive C-terminal fragments are secreted in vitro and accumulate in serum. The predominant form of familial tumoral calcinosis was recently associated with mutations in the GALNT3 gene, which encodes a Golgi-based galactosyl transferase; it seems likely that improper glycosylation of FGF23 is the explanation for hyperphosphatemia in both syndromes. —GJS


— We introduced color interpolation according to the diverging speed into the flat images of Julia set and Mandelbrot set for making shading-reflecting like effect. We named our method "Complex Mapping". In this paper we shall describe our color interpolation algorithm and the method how to map Julia set and Mandelbrot set on the inside and outside of the surface of 3DCG models.


Medical students come from increasingly diverse backgrounds; this diversity reflects the populations students will eventually serve and to which medical education adapts. In 2015, the MD Undergraduate Program at the University of British Columbia (UBC) implemented a spiral curriculum emphasizing the integration of basic and clinical sciences from the first year of medical education. For students who come from non‐science backgrounds, the immediate dive into both basic and clinical science can be overwhelming. Enrichment materials, such as interactive modules, provide alternative and additional means of understanding and applying curriculum content. The purpose of this project was to develop an interactive module to supplement the topic of adrenal dysfunction by presenting clinical scenarios in the context of adrenal gland physiology.


Objective: To identify the degree of acceptance in a group of private practice dentists to attend HIV/AIDS patients and the patient's experience seeking dental attention in the Mexico City area. Study design: Cross-sectional, observational and descriptive performed from April 2005 to March 2006. Method: 400 general practice dentists randomly selected answered a phone interview. Four hundred persons with HIV/AIDS in two reference centers for HIV accepted to answer an anonymous questionnaire. Results: 54.5% of the 400 dentists did not accept in their offices HIV/AIDS patients; the main argument was that thy felt at risk, lack of equipment, and time. Among the patients seeking private dental attention 36.7% did not inform the dentist of their serologic condition, however in public services 4% did not inform. The main reasons were: fear to be rejected, not considered necessary and confidentiality. Conclusions: It is emphasized the need to form dental practitioners with ethical responsibility, skills and knowledge that will allow them to provide non-discriminatory dental care to HIV/ AIDS infected individuals.


This paper describes a novel, lightweight technique for significantly improving the low-frequency reflectivity performance of conventional geometric transition radar absorbent materials as used typically in anechoic chamber facilities for electromagnetic compatibility testing. The improvement is achieved by the inclusion of impedance-loading elements within the base region of the absorber, and these are implemented in the form of one or more frequency-selective surfaces (FSS). The discussion covers the design of the FSS using computer simulation technology microwave studio, its predicted effect on absorber performance at both normal and oblique incidence, the effect of manufacturing tolerances, and the fabrication and characterization of a prototype-loaded absorber panel.


Multi-route planning is the important part in the field of aircraft planning research. This paper presents a new approach based on quantum immune clone algorithm to solve the multi-route planning problem of low-altitude aircrafts. The K-means clustering method is used to form several sub-populations in the cloning evolution process. Cloning, immune, choosing and deceasing operating is applied only in the sub-populations to ensure the optimized multi-route have spatial uniformity. The simulation results show that the proposed planning method can get multi-route of single aircraft with spatial differences.


Abstract. Data derived from the medical registration of births in Norway during 1967 and 1968 have been utilized in a study of the course and outcome of 388 pregnancies in women reporting to suffer from conditions classifiable as neuroses. Comparison is made with 112 530 pregnancies in women reporting no disease.


It is shown in this paper that for P = T, or P = T3 everv locally P-closed space is a retract of a nrm P-closed, locally P-closed space by an open, perfect retraction map. From this it follows that there exist noncompact, rim Il-closed, H-closed spaces and noncompact, rim R-closed, R-closed spaces. 1. Introduction. Recall that a P space (P a topological property) is said to be P-closed if it is a closed subspace of every P space in which it is embedded. (Following the usual convention, we shall write H-closed instead of T2-closed and R-closed rather that T3-closed.) A P space is defined to be locally P-closed (rim P-closed, resp.) if it has a base of open sets with P-closed closures (P-closed boundaries, resp.).


This article discusses quantitative research through descriptive method of case study at offcampus PKG training and PKB Aliyah madrasah teacher in Kanmenag Cirebon City. This research is to measure the success of the training through the kirkpatric evaluation model. Evaluation was conducted in 4 stages; Measurement of the success of the training by applying the kirkpatrick evaluation model through four stages. Assessment stage 1: reaction level using the participants' assessment questionnaire on the implementation of training and assessment of widyaiswara. Assessment of participants on the implementation of training average of 85.98 and the assessment of the participants against the widyaiswara of 87.78. Phase 2, the level of learning measurement of training participants includes three aspects, knowledge, skills and attitudes. The average pretest score was 43 and the highest score was 77, the average score of postes 81. The average of pretest and posttest results increased by 65. The average score of the product was 91.66 and the attitude was 88.66. Of the 3 aspects assessed the average score of 80 over the criteria of at least 76.00, then it can be said at this level works well. Phase 3, the quantitative level of behavior average score of the 4 aspects of 3.7. Indicating at this level changes behavior well. While in stage 4 the result level (result level) obtained an average score of 3.8 indicating alumni diklat can improve his career as the impact of training results. Key words :The success rate of the training, the evaluation model of kirkpatrick.


The efficacy and accuracy of information is very important for making decision in stock markets. In this paper, we study on the effect of information diffusion in Chinese stock market before and af ...


Consider a discrete quantum system that has k distinguishable states (e.g. k distinct energy states of the electron in a Hydrogen atom). The state of such a system is a unit vector in a k dimensional complex vector space C k. The k distinguishable states form an orthogonal basis for the vector space-denoted by, say, { 1 ,. .. , k. Here we are using the standard inner-product over C k to define orthogonality. Recall that the inner-product of two vectors φ We have already introduced the ket notation for vectors. We denote by φ (pronounced bra(φ)) the row vector (α 1 · · · α k). i.e. the conjugate transpose of φ. In this notation, the inner-product of φ and ψ is just φ ψ. To demonstrate the utility of this notation, let |v be a vector of norm 1. Define P = |vv|. Then for any |w we have P|w = |vv|w, so P is the projection operator onto |v (see diagram.) Note that P 2 = |vv|vv| = P since |v has norm 1. More abstractly, the state of a quantum system is a unit vector in a Hilbert space. A Hilbert space is a complex vector space endowed with an inner-product and which is complete under the induced norm. The last condition will not be of much concern for us since we will mostly be concerned with finite dimensional Hilbert spaces. Consider two quantum systems-the first with k distinguishable (classical) states (associated Hilbert space C k), and the second with l distinguishable states (associated Hilbert space C l). What is the Hilbert space associated with the composite system? We can answer this question as follows: the number of distinguishable states of the composite system is kl — since for each distinct choice of basis (classical) state i of the first system and basis state j of the second system, we have a distinguishable state of the composite system. Thus the Hilbert space associated with the composite system is C kl. The tensor product is a general construction that shows how to go from two vector spaces V and W of dimension k and l to a vector space V ⊗W (pronounced " V tensor W ") of dimension kl. Fix bases |v so that dim(V ⊗ W) = kl. So a typical element of V ⊗ W will be of the form ∑ i j α …


Along with the current rapid rise in the prevalence of obesity, complications of obesity, including metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD), are also increasing. Much interest has focused on how obesity is related to these complications and on potential pathogenetic pathways. Adipose tissue has been recognized as an active endocrine organ important in the regulation of energy homeostasis and metabolism. Several cytokines and hormones (so called adipokines) are secreted from fat tissue, including leptin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), resistin, and visfatin; the list is growing rapidly. Serum levels of adipokines are altered by renal failure (1) and this may have important metabolic implications (Table 1). Considering the dramatic effect that loss of renal mass may have on the clearance of these substances, immediate associations between these adipokines and fat tissue are not evident in all CKD patients. The altered adipokine balance in CKD patients may not only contribute to metabolic disturbances in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, but they may also be involved in the evolution of insulin resistance, inflammation, and atherosclerosis (1). Fat mass may contribute to the elevated IL-6 level found in CKD patients (2), which is associated with malnutrition and CVD as well as being a strong predictor of mortality in dialysis patients (3). Although most of the systemic circulating IL-6 is secreted from activated macrophages and lymphocytes, adipose tissue may contribute to as much as 20% of the total circulating levels of IL-6 (4). Adiponectin is secreted exclusively from adipocytes and exists in serum in two known configurations: low molecular weight and high molecular weight adiponectin, the latter of which seems to constitute the active form (5). In contrast to other adipokines, low circulating levels of adiponectin are generally found in populations at risk of CVD (6). Many studies in non-renal patients have reported that adiponectin levels decrease with increasing body mass index (BMI), plasma insulin, and blood lipid levels (7). Plasma levels of adiponectin are generally elevated in CKD patients, and in both moderate CKD (8) and dialysis patients (9), hypoadiponectinemia predicts an increased mortality rate. Although the protective effects of adiponectin are not fully understood, recent studies suggest that the anti-atherogenic effect of adiponectin may be related to its anti-inflammatory properties by inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and TNF-α (10). Reduced adiponectin levels are associated with insulin resistance in both healthy individuals (11) and patients with mild to moderate CKD (8). Although adiponectin levels are markedly elevated in dialysis patients, the negative correlation between adiponectin levels and body fat mass (or BMI) prevails in patients with moderate renal failure (12), in predialysis patients (13), as well as in dialysis patients (14). In this issue of Peritoneal Dialysis International, Bakkaloglu et al. (15) report the results of a cross-sectional study of


The effective promotion of electric vehicles can not be separated from the good development of the infrastructure. As the premise and foundation of electric vehicle promotion, the construction and development of the infrastructure are the important links in the process of commercialization and industrialization of electric vehicles. On the basis of the existing research, this paper analyzes the development situation of the electric vehicle infrastructure in Beijing from four aspects: the policy and regulations, the current construction situation, the operation body and the system service. Through the analysis, we can know that the Beijing electric vehicle infrastructure policy system is more perfect, the construction condition is good, nature of operation body is rich and the system service is payed enough attention. At the same time, Beijing need to pay more attention to infrastructure planning and layout and increase financial subsidies.


The angular diameters of α Orionis and ο Ceti were measured at a wavelength of 11.15 μm using the two-telescope Infrared Spatial Interferometer (ISI). Based on fitting the visibility data to uniform disk models, the diameter of α Orionis is 54.7 ± 0.3 mas and that of ο Ceti at phase 0.90 is 47.8 ± 0.5 mas. These diameters are the most precise ever measured in the mid-infrared, due in part to the addition of a 56 m baseline to the ISI, which provided sufficient resolution to observe the first zero in the visibility function of the stellar disks. Moreover, the effects of limb darkening and stellar hot spots are small at these wavelengths. Theoretically estimated limb-darkening effects indicate the actual diameters are approximately 1% ± 0.5% larger than the uniform disk approximation, or 55.2 ± 0.5 and 48.2 ± 0.6 mas for α Orionis and ο Ceti, respectively.


In the increasingly competitive service industry, utilization of precious manpower resources can make the difference in terms of profitability or even survivability. Current scheduling methods and solutions are designed to suit particular case or class of problems; in which significant modification are often required when they are to be applied to different class of problems. In this paper, a general manpower scheduling model with flexible algorithm to provide consistent near optimal solution is proposed. The general set covering model is able to cater for overtime works, part time workers, flexible shift length, and multi-skilled workers; whereas the algorithm based on LP-relaxation and simulated annealing was consistently giving ~1% deviation from optimal solution, based on computational experiment on various distribution pattern of required staffing level with increasing complexity and problem size.


The study examines Indian and South Korean mechanical engineering research output on several parameters including growth, research communication in core journals, and geographical distribution of publications, share of international collaborative publications at the national level as well as across subjects and characteristics of high productivity institutions, authors and cited papers. The study focuses on the articles published by India and South Korea, and indexed in Science Citation Index - Web of Science for the period 2011 to 2015. India has produced 11,041 papers in the mechanical engineering field, and received 44,307 citations and South Korea produced 8,585 papers and received 34,437 citations in the field during the period 2011 to 2015. The study suggests the need to increase the pace of Indian and South Korean scientific research and improve their quality. It also suggests to build competence and knowledge base to help bridge the scientific and technological gap with leading countries.


In this paper we given a characteristic of simultaneous approximation in unit convex spaces, and a result given by D.Amir J.Mach in Hilbert spaces is extended.


Background : Vatakantaka /plantar fasciitis is a common cause of heel pain with peak incidence between 40 to 60 yrs of age. Though NSAID's pain will be relieved temporarily, hence promising curative treatment for the condition is highly essential. Objectives: To Evaluate the Efficacy of Eranda Taila Nitya Virechana and Sthanika Kolakulathadi Upanaha In Vatakantaka /Plantar fasciitis . Methods: 20 patients with confirmed clinical diagnosis of vatakantaka/ plantar fasciitis were administered Eranda taila nitya virechana and kolakulathadi upanaha over affected heels for 15 days. Results: From the statistical analysis of the recorded data it is evident that in 70% of patients heel pain & swelling relieved completely within 15 days of treatment. So, this treatment can be effectively adopted in patients of vatakantaka


Objective Based the community health service,using data envelopment analysis(DEA) to evaluate the effect of current model of comprehensive prevention and control community-based for hypertension in Shenzhen city.Methods Thirty nine community health service centers of 6 districts in Shenzhen city were sampled using random cluster sampling,and the effect of prevention were evaluate by DEA.Results The result of DEA showed that there were 26 centers(66.7%) reached the best Input-Output ratio within those;and the main problems of 13 inefficiency centers were lower level of compliance rate,control rate of blood-pressure,satisfactory extent and scores of life quality.The insufficient rate were 22.68% and 8.21%,respectively.Whereas the aware rate of hypertension was close to ideal output,the insufficient rate was 0.71%.Conclusion The result from using DEA to evaluate the effect of comprehensive prevention and control community-based for hypertension is reliable and scientific.


PurposeManagers are increasingly presented with complex, ambiguous decision problems that affect multiple stakeholder groups. Such problems cannot be tackled solely by classical approaches that prescribe rational methods to weigh evidence and select an optimal course of action. Yet most courses on decision making still focus on these methods. This paper draws attention to the complementary nature of rational decision making and sensemaking techniques in management decision making, and describes a practical pedagogy that demonstrates how the two can be integrated into management curricula.Design/methodology/approachBased on an in-depth review of relevant research, the authors propose a conceptual model that highlights the complementary nature of rational and sensemaking methods for making decisions relating to complex and ambiguous problems. They then describe a course on decision making as an illustration of how the model can inform decision making pedagogy.FindingsDecision makers need to think of their decision problems in terms of two distinct types of uncertainty: those for which uncertainty can be quantified and those for which it cannot. When faced with the latter, decisions are best made by working with relevant stakeholders to collectively frame the problem using practical sensemaking tools prior to applying rational decision making techniques to address it. Decision making under ambiguity is an iterative, social process requiring a combination of rational decision making methods and sensemaking techniques.Practical implicationsThe paper seeks to increase awareness about the complementary nature of sensemaking and rational decision making. It emphasizes the need to integrate the two in management curricula and provides details on how this can be done via an example of a course implemented at an Australian Business School. The techniques described will also be of interest to practitioners.Originality/valueThe paper describes a practical pedagogy that blends rational decision making and collective sensemaking techniques in a way that fosters managers' decision making skills in contexts characterized by ambiguity.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a benchmarking framework for the analysis of the supply network configuration of companies and exemplify its applications in the Indian automotive sector.Design/methodology/approach – The authors combine elements of relationship and network theories from different research streams to develop a three‐level supply network configuration benchmarking framework including a dyadic supply chain and network perspective. The analysis of two case companies exemplifies how different supply networks in emerging markets are depending on the specific strategies and institutional context.Findings – The framework works well with the two case studies presented. A major player in the Indian automotive industry is benchmarked against a newcomer in this emerging country. The results can be used to improve each firm's supplier base management approach and create more efficiency in their further development.Originality/value – This paper builds on current theories to develop a ...


Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explain the mechanism of user behaviors in password reset context based on descriptive data from conducting interviews. Specifically, this study attempted to describe the process of changing password from the shadow work perspective.
Design/methodology/approach
This study has interviewed 8 participants who can freely use numerous online web-sites. This study also employed the grounded theory methodology to analyze interview manuscripts. After conducting analyzing the manuscripts, this study has extracted 46 codes in the coding steps and ultimately presented 8 categories by combining similar concepts from those codes.
Findings
According to the results, this study provides new viewpoints to explain unique user behavior in the password reset context by capturing the shadow work based on the results. This study further offers practical implications to numerous practitioners by finding various codes, which related to users'' reaction and behavior.


The key problem of image fire detection is the recognition and classfication for fire flame and suspected fire object. Firstly extracted the three features of image based on fire video and suspected fire video,which were variance ratio of flame areas,circularity and the number of sharp angles. Then trained the classifier with FCSVM. At last,classified the fire and suspected fire object with the trained classifier. The experiment results show that the algorithm improves the classification precision of fire image and accuracy rate of fire recognization,and the algorithm has higher detection efficiency.


The purpose of the proposed course is to enhance students' knowledge, engineering skills and understanding in the field of electrical contacts power engineering – the currents of contact welding. The main goal for students is to acquire brief skills concerning measurements of certain parameters using static layout: currents that cause contact welding, clamping force of contacts joints and breaking force. Moreover, students are encouraged to obtain soft skills like confidence in the mentioned field and creativity. Student work during the exercise is evaluated on the basis of report from laboratory work and test. Essential aspect is safety training while working with HV and MV switchgears – that is another obligatory feature which participants will obtain from this course. Course results were evaluated as significant on the basis of concluded statistical analysis and comparison to previous formula employed during the classes.


This project has as objective identify some facial expressions using the sensor "Emotiv EEG neuroset". This device is a sensor capable of receive and interpret the bioelectrical activity of the brain, through electroencephalography technique (EEG) besides has 16 channels with continuous accurate reception of brainwaves. In addition, the sensor has a SDK easy to use allowing that anyone person can handle it even without any experience in brain signals acquisition. The Emotiv® data were transferred to MATLAB® for filtering the brainwaves in order to send the information through serial communication to Arduino. Obtaining as a result an identification of three different expressions as wink, blink and smile, each expression has a different LED color in the Arduino board.


Samples collected with a standpipe corer at depths of 10-15 and 15-25 cm below the gravel surface of the Afon Hirnant show that benthic invertebrates occur in considerable numbers down to at least 25 cm, which is only 5 cm above the bedrock. The numbers in these samples, together with estimates of the numbers in the top 5 cm as revealed by kick samples, indicate a faunal density of around a quarter of a million per square metre. This is a far greater number than is usually reported from stream beds, but it is shown to be in line with estimates made in very different streams by methods that collect specimens from deep in the substratum. Clearly the usual types of quantitative sample are quite inadequate.