During their residency, young ophthalmologists are fascinated by all the imaging techniques now available almost everywhere. It is fair to acknowledge that the yield of these techniques in the screening, the diagnosis and the follow‐up of ocular hypertensive and glaucoma patients is invaluable. However before embarking to the prescription and the interpretation of these techniques it is mandatory to carefully retrieve the symptoms and signs of the patients. Ophthalmologists are still medical doctors and not only technicians. Therefore they cannot forget the basis of a medical examination. Like the stethoscope for general practitioners and cardiologists, the slit‐lamp is a key step of the examination for ocular diseases by ophthalmologists. In this course, young ophthalmologists will find a check list to help them in retrieving medical history, symptoms and a check list for the slit‐lamp examination from the lids to the optic nerve head. This rapid and systematic approach is designed to help them to improve their daily clinical practice with glaucoma patients.


Analytical solutions of two gas phase C02 mass transfer coefficients in the photosynthetic process, kGb for the C02 boundary layer and kGS for the aerenchyma tissue of crop leaves, were obtainedby solving the diffusion problem of a composite slab. By the application of the solutions and analytical procedure to the net photosynthetic rate, RAT of •g rice" (Yabuki, 1992), a summary of the results is shown below: 1) In order to estimate kGb and kGS from the over-all gas phase C02 mass transfer coefficient kG obtained by the graphical method (Komori and Ikemoto, 1999), the C02 boundary layer parameter ƒÊ was introduced.ƒÊ is also available for evaluation of the C02 boundary layer thickness ƒÂGb and the effective C02 diffusivity DGS of the aerenchymatissue. Theoretically,ƒÊ takes the numerical region of 1<ƒÊ<•‡.However, it is related mutually to the environmental conditions. 2)ƒÂGb has a maximum at RAT=RATf where DGS is equivalent to the C02 diffusivity DA in the assimilation cell phase. Moreover, to evaluate kGb and kGs for 0<RAT<RATf or 0<DGS<DA,ƒÂGb interpolation method was proposed. The maximum figure of DGS is 10-7.It lies in the region of the figure between the C02 diffusivity in the air, DGS and DA. Both DGs and ƒÂGb approach zero as RAT decreases. 3) Diffusion impact parameters, H and ƒÐ, defined by ,ƒÀ=DGs/DGb and ƒÅo=DGb/DA respectively, are useful to evaluate the role of the aerenchyma tissue to the C02 mass transfer in photosynthesis. For the case of •grice", the aerenchyma tissue relieves almost C02 diffusion impact at the assimilation cell surface. Therefore, the aerenchyma tissue of•grice" would not be necessarily a C02 transfer barrier in photosynthesis. 4) The remarkable change of DGS with RAT would be related to the stomatal aperture. The relationship between DGs and the stomatal aperture may be investigated quantitatively by the concept of•gKinetic theory of gases", taking into account•gKnudsen flow", diffusion and permeation of gases through a septum with multi-micro pores. 5) The average C02 concentration of the aerenchyma tissue, ƒÓ2av is given by Eq. (53), and the relationship between ƒÓ2av and ƒÊav can be expressed by Eq. (54). These equations and the observation of ƒÓ2av of the aerenchyma tissue would be available to obtain the correlation of ƒÊ and the environmental conditions for crop growth.


Cyclic behaviors of three types of laminated rubber bearings under multiaxial loading state are studied. First, the characteristics of the restoring forces of these bearings in small amplitude are investigated. The experimental results show that the equivalent stiffness of high damping rubber bearings is increased and the damping ratio is decreased as the increase of the amplitude. In addition, the restoring force of a lead rubber bearing is found to highly depend on the vertical load. Second, a triaxial loading experiment, in which two-directional displacement paths are given to the bearings under a constant vertical load, is conducted. The experimental results indicate that horizontal restoring forces possess the coupling effects. The equivalent stiffness and damping ratio of high damping rubber bearings and natural rubber bearings are increased due to this coupling effect in comparison with the biaxial loading case, while the lead rubber bearing shows a slight decrease in them. Hence it is understood that the effects of the triaxial loading are not negligible and these have to be considered in a rational and reliable design.


The conventional approach of dividing consolidation into the primary and the secondary stages is a practical approach to settlement analysis because it is not yet possible to evaluate, by means of the existing testing methods, the fundamental compressibility parameters during the increase in effective vertical stress. The concept of primary settlement followed by the secondary settlement would be useful if for any clay a unique EOP void ratio-effective stress relationship existed which was independent of the duration of the primary consolidation stage. The uniqueness question was investigated by determining the EOP e-log sigma curves of thin and thick specimens of three natural soft clays. The results of this laboratory investigation and the existing reliable data in the literature support the concept of a unique EOP void ratio-effective stress relationship for any soft clay. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 287689. (TRRL)


Hydroclimate change that alters runoff seasonality is an increasing concern in snowmelt-influenced watersheds throughout the western United States. Detecting seasonal runoff change is complicated by the interaction of atmospheric and topographic influences and by human alteration of streamflow. Reconstructed or unimpaired discharges for 1921 to 1994 for the Sacramento River are employed as an indicator of natural discharge and are analyzed for evidence of seasonal change. Rescaled adjusted partial sums (RAPS) improve visualization of trends and fluctuations in annual discharge and the seasonal fractions of annual discharge. The statistical significance of trends indicated by the RAPS is evaluated using nonparametric tests. Small increasing trends beginning in the late 1940s in annual unimpaired discharges and the seasonal fractions for fall, winter, and summer are not statistically significant. In contrast, the spring fraction of annual discharges shows a decreasing trend beginning in the late 1940s that ...


This paper describes how, by the nature of their operation, airports offer special potential for development as multimodal interchanges and it is in the best interest of the general public for this trend to continue. By setting out to become a regional or subregional transport hub, the airport is acting as a good neighbor, working with others to improve network conditions. Airports should be seen, in the context of evolving regional transport plans, as having a positive role to play in an integrated regional transport strategy that will lead to the creation of effective multimodal networks. Airport growth should not be seen as a negative: airports offer solutions to transport development and interchange that will be to the benefit of everyone in the region. Airports are not only economic powerhouses but also natural gateways around which other transport modes should naturally gather. Regional transport authorities should take advantage of this modal combination in order to maximize benefits to the general population. Airports will play a key role in meeting European mobility management ambitions in the 21st century. In order to achieve this, it is crucial that the national agencies charge with developing road and rail schemes for national and regional needs, take specific account of airport access needs and in particular how they can be structured so as to maximize benefits to the general area.


The control of stormwater runoff is a major challenge for local authorities because this phenomenon affects many aspects of water management. Impervious artificial areas unbalance the natural operation of water systems by reducing natural inputs to streams and groundwater, thus increasing the risks of drought, generating intense flooding phenomena, and polluting the water dripping on urban surfaces loaded with pollutants. This article details the discussions and works that led to the runoff zoning update in the territory of Grand Lyon Metropole, leading to the implementation of uniform requirements between the different planning documents (PLU -Land Use Planand settlement of sanitation), addressing both quantitative and qualitative aspects. The approach is realistic and pragmatic as it was tested on real applications and scenarios, and based on a detailed assessment of the risk. The updated zoning allows to act on two levels: for frequent rains (85% of events), zoning defines the requirements to be followed in terms of storage volume to implement and, for some operations, leakage rate, based on the type of production area; for extreme events, prevention rules apply, limiting urbanization in areas of flow or accumulation of water.


Mainly introduced the application of Solidworks software to hydraulic pressure support design in thin coal bed,the hydraulic pressure support which designed using Solidworks software in thin coal bed,had achieved the design goal and the request.It proved the application of solidworks software in the design of hydraulic pressure support is feasible.


Due to mismanagement that gave the Colombian state to the dispute between Colombia and Nicaragua for the maritime delimitation , it is important to know the problems for the people of Colombia , especially the inhabitants of the islands and what the real economic, political and social impact caused by receiving the ruling of the International Court of Justice.


An analyte sensor for the continuous or semi-continuous monitoring of physiological parameters and a method for making the analyte sensor are disclosed. In one aspect, the analyte sensor includes a crosslinked, hydrophilic copolymer in contact with a surface of an electrode, and an analyte sensing component embedded within the crosslinked, hydrophilic copolymer. The crosslinked, hydrophilic copolymer has methacrylate-derived backbone chains of first methacrylate-derived units, second methacrylate-derived units and third methacrylate-derived units. The first and second methacrylate-derived units have side chains that can be the same or different, and the third methacrylate-derived units in different backbone chains are connected by hydrophilic crosslinks.


The twenty-first century has seen significant expansion in the use and availability of technology, which has created a paradigm shift in how we can work. The papers in this special issue explore different facets of the smart and dark side of technology and how new waves of technology also lead to significant changes in the way we work. The tensions between 'smart and dark' are examined in relation to the use of formal telework practices, connection between IT systems and work-life balance, social media's potential to fundamentally change the nature and boundaries of voice in the workplace, attitudes towards workplace surveillance, and finally a critical research agenda between the interface of IT and HRM is proposed.


Aircraft atmospheric profiling is a valuable technique for determining greenhouse gas fluxes at regional scales (104–106 km2). Here, we describe a new, simple method for estimating the surface influence of air samples that uses backward trajectories based on the Lagrangian model Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model (HYSPLIT). We determined "regions of influence" on a quarterly basis between 2010 and 2018 for four aircraft vertical profile sites: SAN and ALF in the eastern Amazon, and RBA and TAB or TEF in the western Amazon. We evaluated regions of influence in terms of their relative sensitivity to areas inside and outside the Amazon and their total area inside the Amazon. Regions of influence varied by quarter and less so by year. In the first and fourth quarters, the contribution of the region of influence inside the Amazon was 83–93% for all sites, while in the second and third quarters, it was 57–75%. The interquarter differences are more evident in the eastern than in the western Amazon. Our analysis indicates that atmospheric profiles from the western sites are sensitive to 42–52.2% of the Amazon. In contrast, eastern Amazon sites are sensitive to only 10.9–25.3%. These results may help to spatially resolve the response of greenhouse gas emissions to climate variability over Amazon.


PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS OF DINDIGUL DISTRICT SYNOPSIS INTRODUCTION There has been a growing importance of service sect or world wide. In the Indian context also, the introduction of New Econom ic Reforms in 1991 has made the service sector to gain momentum which was in li ne with the global trend. As a result, the share of service sector to GDP which co nstituted 45.35 per cent in 1991-92 has increased to reach 51.16 per cent in 19 98-9 and further to 54.2 per cent in 2000-01. Between 2002-02 and 2003-04, t he income from this sector has grown in real terms at the rate of 8.40 per cen t. These stand as ample testimonies to the increasing importance of this se ctor.


This bibliographic review seeks a complete description of the investigative work of the book "Anthropology of conflicts: politics and culture in Chile in the 1990s", which highlights the relationship between the political system and culture. This is done through an introductory body to the work, consisting of the delivery of general data that enters the reader in the discussion about cultural conflicts, dynamic systems and figures of catastrophes of meaning. The review concludes with the presentation of the analysis of the cases addressed by the author, after understanding them as emerging phenomena that reveal the transformation of the limits of politics and that, in their maximum degree, point to new forms of symbolic structuring. The relevance of this book lies in the analysis of new social movements during the 1990s and 2000s, around environmental, gender, and cultural issues, which are relevant for social change in Chile after the social outbreak of 2019.


Abstract The goal of this study is to fill the gap in equilibrium solutions of the global-scale water masses, meridional circulation, and heat transport with isopycnal ocean models. To this end, a global isopycnal ocean general circulation model is described and used in the present study. A distinguishing feature of the isopycnal model is that it is formulated in the same parameter space, boundary conditions, and model configurations except the vertical coordinates are those of the GFDL model used by Danabasoglu et al. with an isopycnal-depth diffusion parameterization of eddy-induced tracer transport. With the global isopycnal model, the author repeated Danabasoglu et al.'s coarse-resolution simulation for a direct comparison. For the same parameter values (except lateral viscosity), the isopycnal model is able to produce a larger northward heat transport in the Northern Hemisphere, and a better latitudinal dependence of heat transport in the Southern Hemisphere, than the GFDL model. The model is also ab...


Gastropleural fistula is an uncommon complication post-abdominal surgeries. We are reporting a case of a 60-year-old female who developed a gastropleural fistula with pleural effusion as a complication of cytorductive surgery (crs) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEc) for ovarian cancer. the diagnosis was discovered by radiological study (ct scan of chest, abdomen and pelvis). the patient underwent laparotomy with surgical repair of the fistula, which was the definite treatment for this case.


A description is given of a form of mercury manometer which has the measurement arms in line with each other, has a very rigid construction and yet a loss in working range of only 3?5 cm. Where a cathetometer is used and where a large number of accurate readings must be made, such an instrument can save time and effort and can diminish sources of error.


Energetic heavy ions with short duration can be generated in the interaction of ultrashort ultraintense (USUI) laser pulse with solid matter. However, the energy conversion ef fi ciency from laser to heavy ions is usually very low. Herein, a novel scheme for ef fi cient transfer of USUI laser energy to the heavy ions of microscopic dust grains in dusty plasma is proposed. Due to the resulting ultraintense space-charge fi eld, the heavy ions expand isotropically together with the laser heated and expelled grain electrons as a plasma cloud on roughly the ion acoustic timescale. It is found that with 3.1 (cid:1) 10 20 W cm (cid:3) 2 USUI laser, one can produce hundreds-megaelectronvolt C 6 þ ions with (cid:4) 60% energy transfer ef fi ciency. In fact, up to 300 GeV Au 79 þ ions with (cid:4) 30% energy transfer ef fi ciency can be obtained by using 8.8 (cid:1) 10 23 W cm (cid:3) 2 laser. This result suggests the possibility of using hundreds-petawatt laser facility to investigate heavy-ion collisions for nuclear state detection and quantum cardiodynamics phase transition.


Kertesz makes clear, however, that attempt was doomed to failure, since East Central Europe was the "dark side of the moon" as far as the Western Powers were concerned, and the overwhelming power of Soviet Russia left little room for maneuver by East European statesmen. Kertesz is at his best in describing events which he himself experienced. Particularly evocative is his description of Hungary in the early days of the Soviet occupation in 1945. According to Kertesz, the looting and arbitrary deportations were even worse than the Nazi propagandists had predicted. The naive belief of some Hungarians that the Yalta Declaration on Liberated Europe, copies of which were posted in liberated Budapest, would be implemented in Danubian Europe were shattered by the inexplicable brutality and the irrational economic policies imposed by the Soviet authorities. Why did Stalin not choose a more conciliatory strategy? Kertesz's convincing explanation is that the Soviet leaders had no illusions about pro-Russian or pro-Communist sentiment in Hungary. With no real prospect of gaining significant political support, Stalin preferred to frighten the people and create a sense of helplessness. In this he was successful, in large part because Hungarians had nowhere else to turn for support. Privately American diplomats offered encouragement and sympathy, but official American policy in Danubian Europe in the period 1945-47 was characterized by acquiescence and impotence. As the author makes clear, the decisive factors for Hungary were the Red Army and the proximity of the Soviet Union.


Based on microcosmic data from 689 households in rapeseed production demonstration counties of Sichuan,Hubei,Henan,Shanxi and Shanghai,this paper uses trans-log stochastic frontier approach to analyze the differences of technical efficiency distribution of households of different scale of operations in the rapeseed production and their impacting factors.The result shows that investment of major production elements had a significant effect on rapeseed yield,the order is pesticide inputschemical fertilizerseed inputlabor inputland input.The average technical efficiency of rapeseed production samples was 83.99 percent,there are still 16.01 percent to increase.Technical efficiency of different rapeseed production scale is totally different,which shows skew distribution in general.Among the major factors influencing farmers' technical efficiency,education has a positive influence.On the other hand,factors such as number of family members who are trained by farming techniques,whether member of family is holding apost in the village or above or not,number of migrant workers,distance between farmers' house and the nearest markets have a significant positive influence on technical efficiency of small-scale households.While technical efficiency of rapeseed production for large-scale households is quite sensitive to family size,family members who are trained by farming techniques and the percentage of rapeseed income in the total family income.


The purpose of this research was to analyze how tourists react to the process during health crisis periods and to what extent they adapt themselves to the pandemic. Therefore, the mixed method approach was used to address the research problem. Firstly, the observation technique was used as the data collection tool in the qualitative step of the study, and then a scale was developed in accordance with the data acquired from the qualitative part. In the qualitative stage of the study, 3 different types of tourist adaptation emerged, including "Acceptors, Submissives and Opponents". In the second stage of the research, a 5-point Likert-type scale consisting of 26 items was developed to measure 3 types of compliance patterns. The results of the research indicate that the scale can be used in different application areas although the research focused on the COVID-19 pandemic, and that the reactions of the tourists to the procedures applied during the pandemic may differ from each other although it has emerged as a universal problem. Lastly, the different tourist behaviors emerging during the COVID-19 pandemic are highly important for tourist enterprises to develop various applications for tourists and to consider how they can adapt to this process.


Purpose – This study aims to measure the staff satisfaction achieved with regard to the recently furnished modular operation theaters (MOTs). Design/methodology/approach – A cross-sectional study through questionnaire-based interviews was done. Desired sample size for ANOVA design came out to be 25 per level at a level of significance of 5 per cent and a power of 85 per cent. Findings – Overall, mean rating of the satisfaction of the staff was 7.52 with a standard deviation (SD) of 2.35. Mean ratings (with standard deviations) of surgeons, nurses and anesthetists were 7.14 (1.26), 7.21 (0.95) and 8.21 (0.48), respectively. One sample t-test showed that all the three categories of staff were satisfied. Post-hoc test revealed that the anesthetists were significantly more satisfied than the surgeons (p = 0) and the nurses (p = 0.001). Maximum satisfier was aseptic environment provided by the MOTs. Hatch box with ultraviolet technology also attracted high ratings from all the three categories. Staff considere...


In this paper, the spline Kantorovich method is developed and applied to the analysis and design of bridge decks. First, the bridge deck is mapped into a unit square in the Xi - eta plane. The governing partial differential equation of the plate is reduced to the ordinary differential equation in the longitudinal direction of the bridge by the routine Kantorovich method. Spline point collocation method is then used to solve the derived ordinary differential equation to obtain the displacements and internal forces of the bridge deck. Mindlin plate theory is incorporated into the differential equation and, as a result, the effect of shear deformation of the plate is also considered. Possible shear locking is avoided by the reduced integration technique. Numerical examples show that the proposed new numerical model is versatile, efficient, and reliable.Key words: Kantorovich method, spline function, partial differential equations, ordinary differential equations, point collocation method, bridge deck.


A solution for the gain rates and plasmon frequencies of the two plasmon decay instability is obtained using a fluid-kinetic model. This work is of relevance to high temperature, short-pulse laser plasma interactions where appreciable instability is expected in regions of plasma where the phase velocity of the electrostatic waves may not be assumed to be much larger than the thermal velocity of the electrons. The model is evaluated by comparing its results for the stimulated Raman scattering process with a fully kinetic treatment.


Monitoring the global state in peer-to-peer networks through decentralized mechanisms allows targeted optimization and improvement of the peer-to-peer network. However, malicious nodes could aim to distort the process of gathering the global state through monitoring. In this paper we propose DOMiNo, a security solution for tree-based peer-to-peer monitoring mechanisms. It passively listens to incoming events, e.g. data, and rates its suspiciousness based on outlier detection, structural verification and sanity check mechanisms. For our main objective, which is to limit the monitoring error of the desired global view, we performed an extensive evaluation. Evaluation shows tolerance with normal fluctuations but effective filtering of outliers, that severely influence the global view. As our watchdog solution operates passively, we do not add any costs nor create new surface for attacks to the monitoring system.


The article deals with the historical aspect of the problem of education and upbringing of children. It represents and describes the Trinitarian model of interaction of subjects of the educational process in its development.


Aim: The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the influence of gestational age and mode of delivery at term on early neonatal morbidity and mortality in a tertiary maternity center in a 10-year period. Materials and methods: The data were derived from the medical records between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2014, from the University Hospital "Sveti Duh," Zagreb, Croatia. There were 30,363 live born term infants included in the study. The data from the medical records have been used to analyze their mode of delivery, morbidity, and mortality. Results: Term newborn infants delivered by cesarean section (CS) had increased prevalence of lower Apgar scores, resuscitation, neonatal convulsions, and neonatal encephalopathy, respiratory pathology (except for amniotic fluid aspiration), and mechanical ventilation. Early and late neonatal deaths were more prevalent in term infants delivered by CS. The prevalence of birth trauma (except for facial nerve palsy) and hyperbilirubinemia was significantly increased in vaginally born neonates. The prevalence of perinatal infections was equal in both groups of infants. Morbidity and mortality of term newborn infants presented as prevalence per 1,000 live born, regardless of the mode of a delivery week by week from 37 through 41 weeks of gestation, were also investigated. The highest prevalence for most of the observed parameters were at 37 to 41 weeks of gestation, while the lowest prevalence was observed at a gestational age between 39 and 40 weeks. This was not the case for the 1st and the 5th minute 4 to 7 Apgar scores, birth injuries, respiratory pathology, and late neonatal deaths. Conclusion: Early-term delivery was connected with more morbidity and mortality in the early neonatal period. It seems that the best gestational age to be born is at 39 to 40 weeks of gestation. Mode of delivery at term counts as well, showing that vaginal delivery at term had the lowest risk of morbidity and mortality.


Chinese mass higher education has difficulty in walking,one of important factors is we still follow education idea,method,enrollment system of elite era to receive the mass higher education.Some mistaken ideas of elite higher education become the sequela and bottleneck to develop mass higher education.No matter whether mass era comes or not,these problems must to be resolved rapidly.


The article analyzes the movement in favor of the promotion to general of Juarez Tavora in the immediate post-30s. For his action in the seizure of power, Tavora was a prominent national hero, which enabled the strength of this initiative, organized by civilians and military personnel from the "North", a geopolitical region that Tavora led. From the documentation of the personal archive of Juarez Tavora and the press in the North, central sources of analysis, it is possible to analyze how this movement was broad and fundamental to define the strategies of the group that formed this region. The generalate was not made effective, but this movement allows the compreension of many aspects that are essential to understand the Revolution of 30 and the first moments of the Provisional Government.


Blockchain technology has the capacity to store structured data and records securely, which makes it an ideal system to store legal documents and information. It is highly secure, making it difficult to tamper with or manipulate records once added. This ensures the integrity of the data stored in the blockchain system. Also, it is now possible to model all or parts of legal agreements using code (smart contracts), decreasing the cost and friction of creating, securing, and generating binding legal agreements. That is why we should develop a blockchain-based legal system for lawyers and their potential clients to provide a secure, immutable, and transparent record of the agreement. This allows parties to trust that the terms of the agreement are being followed without having to rely on a third-party intermediary. This paper answers why the platform is built and the key problems to be solved. We are trying to build a system to help power next generation "smart" legal agreements.


We study a class of nonsmooth unconstrained optimization problems, which includes the problem of minimizing the sum of pairwise maxima of smooth convex functions. Minimum l1-norm approximation is a particular case of this problem. Combining the ideas of Lagrange multipliers and of smooth approximation of max-type function, we obtain an extended notion of nonquadratic augmented Lagrangian. Our approach does not require artificial variables, and preserves sparse structure of Hessian in many practical cases. We present the corresponding method of multipliers, and its convergence analysis for a dual counterpart, resulting in a proximal point maximization algorithm. The practical efficiency of the algorithm is supported by computational results for large-scale problems, arising in structural optimization.


Dopamine (DA) is a neurotransmitter that plays a critical role in the central nervous system (CNS). Significant effort has gone into investigating DA's role in the pathophysiology of many CNS diseases such as schizophrenia, drug addiction, and Parkinson's disease. Specifically, real-time in vivo studies of the DA system in conscious, freely moving animals performing behavioral tasks are the foundation for research into the mechanisms behind DA release. This study details the in vitro performance of a new, commercially available, system for dopamine measurements in an untethered, freely moving rat. The system consists of a microelectrode, constructed from stainless steel and fused silica, sheathing the carbon fiber microelectrode, and a wireless potentiostat employing chronoamperometry. The wireless potentiostat, weighing less than 7g, was designed to be mounted on the head of a rat. Amplification and digitization are done on the potentiostat and a digital signal is then transmitted to a basestation connected to a PC. The microelectrode was connected to the wireless potentiostat and tested in vitro for sensitivity and selectivity. The microelectrode showed a DA sensitivity of 2 nA/uM and can be coated with Nafion to improve selectivity. This new type of microelectrode is very robust and displays similar characteristics to other commercially available glass-sealed carbon fiber microelectrodes. Variations on the mechanical design were able to produce fused silica sheathed carbon fiber microelectrodes with an integrated Ag/AgCl reference electrode minus the stainless steel tubing. The microelectrode sheathed in silica is very rigid and durable. Microelectrodes that reach the deepest regions of the brain of large animals can be easily fabricated. Conflict of Interest: Research is conducted, in part, by a company that produces a product related to the work being reported


A graph-based image segmentation method was presented.Firstly,use region growing technique to find initial over-segmentation.Secondly,use these regions as nodes to create the graph.Finally,use minimum cut method to merge these regions.The proposed method has two advantages:one is using minimum cut criterion to merge regions,which can contain global information;the other is using regions as nodes to create the graph,which can greatly reduce nodes of the graph.The experimental results show the effectiveness of the approach.


Considering the importance of the catalytic combustion process for removal of organic pollutants from effluent streams, total oxidation of n-hexane, present in lean mixtures, was carried out on cobalt oxide catalysts supported on silica gel. Catalysts prepared by decomposition of cobalt oxalate effectively catalyzed there action. Such catalysts proved superior to those prepared by cobalt nitrate dispersion. The activity and deactivation patterns of several catalysts differing in their method of preparation are discussed. Results of detailed studies using nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are discussed. It is reported that the crystallite size and surface concentration are influenced by the method of preparation.


Dr. Mosley: Most of our conclusions about viral inactivation in concentrates are based on experiments in which the agent in question is added to the plasma pool or concentrate itself prior to application of the procedure being tested ('spiking'). If the spiked virus is not reduced to undetectable levels, the procedure is obviously not satisfactory. If the spiked virus is inactivated, that result does not ensure noninfectivity when one or more donors have viremia. The presence of virus complexes with other plasma proteins and lipids may offer protection to the virus against antibody-mediated neutralization, so that administration of the product can still cause human infection. Dr. Lemon; In collaboration with Dr. Bernard Horowitz's group at the New York Blood Center, we looked both at virus that had been previously detergent-treated in a harvesting process and at virus from cell culture that was still heavily contaminated with lipid. We found that, if anything, the solvent-detergent improved the neutralization of the non-detergent-treated virus, as chloroform does, by removing lipid that remains associated with the virus after its release from cell culture. Of course, many questions remain about what happens to the neutralized virus in the patient. In general, however, I agree with you that our results suggest that all infectious hepatitis A virus may not be eliminated during the particular manufacturing process we examined. Question: Given that the risk of transmission of the hepatitis A virus (HAV) in plasma derivatives appears to be fairly low, what are your thoughts on methods for the inactivation of nonlipid envelope viruses in plasma derivatives, or plasma itself? Dr. Mosley: We believe that the clotting factor concentrates presently on the market are safe with respect to enveloped viruses. We should not delude ourselves, however, that every lot is always safe. We know that there are occasional failures with a few lots with regard to hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus despite their usual susceptibility to solvent-detergent and/or heat processes. In addition, there may be occasional transmission of a nonenveloped agent such as HAV. There is no doubt about frequent transmission of parvovirus by concentrates. Products become safer when there is redundancy of inactivation procedures and these should now include those aimed at nonenveloped viruses such as parvoviruses. I do not know that transmission of HAV only would be a compelling argument for industry except as an indicator for nonenveloped viruses, because of its rare contamination of plasma pools and lack of serious consequences to the hemophiliac. Dr. Fricke: I think we definitely should have some procedure aimed at nonenveloped viruses. Of course, a large viral load will overwhelm any inactivation procedure, and that's why we need donor screening and donor laboratory testing in addition to inactivation processes. We must try to reduce the amount of virus in the starting plasma pools. We also know that occasionally something is going to go wrong, so we need as much of a margin of safety as possible. Question: On the issue of public health, Dr. Mosley's presentation indicated that the prevalence rate among household cohabitants of infected individuals for hepatitis A was about 25%. Does this comprise an entity of statistical significance in terms of public health? And what does this prevalence mean in terms of the hemophiliac population? How many of these infected individuals become blood donors, contributing to the infected pool of


Creep, a potential degradation mechanism of Zircaloy cladding after repository disposal of spent nuclear fuel, has been investigated. The deformation and fracture map methodology has been used to predict maximum allowable initial storage temperatures to achieve a thousand year life without rupture as a function of spent-fuel history. Maximum allowable temperatures are 340{degree}C (613 K) for typically stressed rods (70--100 MPa) and 300{degree}C (573 K) for highly stressed rods (140--160 MPa). 10 refs., 2 figs.


Cellular kinetic data are not available for developing human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Therefore an investigation was undertaken to establish tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation into DNA and labeling indices (LI) in the epitheliim (E), mesenchyme (ME) and the muscular (M) layers between 10 and 17 weeks' gestation. Explants of esophagus, stomach, small intestine and colon were cultured in serum-free Leibovitz L-15 medium at 37°C in 95% air - 5% CO2 (J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 1985; 4:893). The incorporation of 3H-TdR into DNA was evaluated during a 6 hour period and results expressed as DPM/ug CNA. The LI were established on radioautographs of explants cultured for 2 hours in presence of 2 μCi of 3H-TdR per ml of culture, itedium. The incorporation of 3H-TdR into the total DNA was highest at 12 weeks gestation in the esophagus and stomach and decreased steadily over the next 4 weeks, while the total DNA synthesis remained relatively constant in the small intestine and colon. However, the establishment of LI showed the highest epithelial LI in the small intestine (28.8%) and colon (18%), and the lowest in the esophagus (11.8%) and stomach (9.4%). This pattern remained during development although the I.I decreased (16 weeks: 9.2, 11.4, 5.2 and 5.4%, respectively). On the other hand the ME and M Layers of the stomach always exhibited LI comparable to that of their respective epithelia (12 weeks: E, 9.4; ME 9.5; M, 9.3; 16 weeks E, 5.4; ME, 5.5; M, 5.37.). In the small intestine, the LI was always highest in the E and lowest in the M. This pattern was acquired by the colon once the villi had developped. Hie localization of the labeled cells was correlated with the morphogenesis of the different tissues of the GI tract. This study provides for the first time basic data on cell proliferation in fetal CI tract, and indicates that explant culture should be useful for the study of the regulators of cell proliferation during human development.


High resolution Digital Elevation models, such as the grid terrain model of Denmark with more than 200 billion measurements, is a basic requirement for water flow modelling and flood risk analysis. However, a large number of modifications often need to be made to even very accurate terrain models, before they can be used in realistic flow modeling. This include removal of bridges, which otherwise act as dams in flow modeling, and inclusion of culverts that transport water underneath roads. For this reason, there is list of known hydrological corrections for the danish model. However, producing this list is a slow an expensive process, since it is to a large extent done manually, often with only local input. In this paper we propose a new algorithmic approach based on machine learning and convolutional neural networks for automatically detecting hydrological corrections on large terrain data. Our model is able to detect most known hydrological corrections and quite a few more that should have been included in the original list.


ABSTRACT Although the effects of family on performance are well documented in the literature on entrepreneurship, few accounts explore the underlying mechanism of influence that the family has on female entrepreneurial performance. We divide family factors into demands and resources and develop a conceptual framework to explore the mediating effects of family–work relationships and the moderating roles of two boundary attributes in the relationship between family and female entrepreneurial performance. Our research conducted in western China reveals that family demands have a negative effect on female entrepreneurial performance while family resources have a positive effect; family–work relationships partially mediate the effects that family demands and resources have on female entrepreneurial performance; women whose families have greater flexibility are less likely to suffer from the negative effect of family–work conflict on their performance; and those whose family boundaries are less permeable are more likely to achieve higher performance with the help of family–work enrichment.


The pathogenic effect of high glucose, possibly in concert with fatty acids, is mediated to vascular complications of diabetes via increased production of reactive oxygen species(ROS), reactive nitrogen species(RNS), and subsequent oxidative stress. This study was carried out to investigate the suppressive effect of buchu(Allium tuberosum) on oxidative stress in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetes in Sprague Dawley male rats. The effect of buchu supplementation (10%) on lipid peroxidation, and antioxidative defense system in blood and liver was compared among normal rats fed basal diet(normal) and diabetic rats fed basal diet(DM-control) or 10% buchu-supplemented diet(DM-buchu). Diabetes was experimentally induced by the femoral muscle injection of 50 ㎎ STZ per kg of body weight. Animals were sacrificed after 4 wks of experimental diets feeding. The induction of diabetes by STZ elevated the level of lipid peroxidation represented by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances(TBARS) and conjugated dienes in plasma, LDL, liver, and erythrocytes. 10% buchu-supplemented diet significantly reduced the levels of conjugated dienes in erythrocytes(p<0.05) and lowered TBARS in liver and LDL to the levels of control. Induction of diabetes by STZ elevated Mn-superoxide dismutase(Mn-SOD) activity and lowered activities of glutathionine reductase(GSH-red) and glutathionine peroxidase(GSH-px). Catalase activity was not affected by the induction of diabetes by STZ. However, buchu supplementation to diabetic rats significantly elevated catalase activity(p<0.05) and slightly elevated GSH-px and GSH-red activities in liver. GSH levels of blood and liver were lowered or not changed by induction of diabetes by STZ, respectively, while buchu supplementation to diabetic rats significantly elevated hepatic GSH level (p<0.05). In conclusion, it can be concluded that buchu might be a food source to attenuate oxidative stress in diabetic patients by inhibiting lipid peroxidation, by increasing hepatic GSH level, and by inducing anti-oxidative enzyme systems.


The use of computers, systems, and software is prevalent in many industries. The reliance on such electronic infrastructures should not be underestimated by managers or computer scientists. In order to provide the variety of services sold to customers a company must ensure that their systems provide such functionality in a time that is considered acceptable for customer service, and in the context of business faster than their competitors can. With the advent of component (and possibly distributed) systems this functionality is often created out of various compositions of base components. The provision of services through these systems then has to be managed and marketed from a "user" perspective, as well as internally in the form that the products and processes are understood by those who work with them daily. The provision of a visual management aid is the focus of this research. It utilises company data that already exists and then aims to display it in various forms to enable both an overview and detail where required to be visible at any one time. This already captured information can be integrated with system and software visualisations to provide a more complete large picture, and also at a lower level to offer a richer picture.


In order to handle multiobjective linear programming problems containing fuzzy parameters, the authors have already proposed four kinds of α-feasibility and β-Pareto optimality, based on the four kinds of index introduced by Dubois et al. This paper discusses the proposed concepts of four kinds of β-Pareto optimality in further detail, in order to indicate problems with β-Pareto optimality. As a means of coping with those problems, four kinds of γ-Pareto optimal solutions are introduced. Then the concept of (α, γ)-Pareto optimal solution is introduced, by considering simultaneously the α-feasibility and the γ-Pareto optimality. It is shown that the set of (α, γ)-Pareto optimal solutions, which can be regarded as the most optimistic and the most pessimistic, can be found using linear programming.


Recently there has been an evidential growth in E-healthcare services. Every hospital has a variety of similar or dissimilar healthcare services. Selecting the best healthcare service is influenced by many preferences such as doctor's experience, location, feedback on continuity of care, waiting time, cost, hospital facilities, etc. Among the preferences, feedback is more influential. Participant's feedback plays a vital in selection of the best healthcare service and also in improving the quality of the healthcare service and its provider. In this paper, weighted average based subjective feedback system has been proposed, designed and implemented to obtain the feedback from the various personnel related to the e-health care services. Experimental analyses have been conducted to prove that the proposed feedback system is effective.


Low frequency passive homing is an effective measure of improving torpedo acceptance range.However,its weak interference suppression is a main bottleneck in application of passive homing system.Power spectrum extraction is the main feature extraction method at present,but power spectrum feature is easy to be simulated with the development of countermeasure.We propose a novel feature extraction method based on target moving information for target recognition of passive homing.This new method makes use of the distances between intersections of directional lines gotten at different positions to judge weather target is moving or not.The principle of this method is introduced and the performance is analyzed.Simulation results show that the method is effective in distinguishing moving targets and static ones,and can therefore resist the disturbance of floating decoy to improve counter-countermeasure ability of passive homing.


The new century and WTO has brought new changes to editing. On one hand, the editing field is enlarged, its frequency is quickened and services are diversified. On the other hand, cultural conclusion is also playing important roles in editing and with the development of history it needs improving. So at the beginning of the new century, editors should make full use of cultural functions of guiding, creating and spreading information in the cultural conclusion and make great contributions to Chinese culture.


The Hawkesbury Shell project aims to provide an infrastructure and co-ordination umbrella for staff wishing to experiment with any form of IT application to their teaching. It will also be Hawkesbury's face to the world: the interface between us and any off-campus students.

Another aim of those involved in developing the shell is to initiate a variety of collaborative learning prototypes.


An approach to deriving adaptive algorithms is presented. It is shown that the time-varying normalized lattice feedback model, under a very simple condition, is uniformly exponentially stable and thus bounded input/bounded output (BIBO) stable. Applications of this result to adaptive IIR (infinite impulse response) signal processing are then discussed. Simulation results are presented.<<ETX>>


It has been a concern among educators and academics that U.S. students suffer from a lack of knowledge about the world around them. This is reflected in low history scores, particularly in world history. The common explanation for this is that there is some systematic deficiency in American students, in that they either do not know the material or have poor testing strategies. We offer a different way of looking at this problem using Potential Performance Theory (PPT). With PPT, we assessed the consistency with which students answered test questions and show how much performance would improve if a student were perfectly consistent. Furthermore, we show how much improvement there is in consistency over multiple sessions. Participants were given a short world history test six times in a row. The results were interesting. Consistency did improve with practice, but the systematic factors that students employed (e.g. strategies) were poor enough to counter-act the improvement due to rising consistency levels.


Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.) is considered to be an important mammalian herbivore, strongly influencing Arctic lichen‐dominated ecosystems. There is no wide knowledge about the effect of reindeer on greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes in northern boreal forests. Ground vegetation plays an important role in absorbing nitrogen (N) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. Lately, it has also been found to be a significant source of nitrous oxide (N2O) and a small source of methane (CH4). We investigated the influence of reindeer grazing on field layer GHG (CO2, CH4, and N2O) fluxes, ground vegetation coverage and biomass, and soil physical properties (temperature and moisture) in a northern boreal forest. At our study site, the reindeer‐induced replacement of lichen by mosses had contrasting effects on the GHG fluxes originating from the field layer. Field layer CO2 efflux was significantly higher in grazed areas. The field layer was a CH4 sink in all areas, but grazed areas absorbed more CH4 compared to non‐grazed areas. Although total N2O fluxes remained around 0 in grazed areas, a small N2O sink occurred in non‐grazed areas with lower moss biomass. Our results indicated that grazing by reindeer in northern boreal forests affects GHG fluxes from the forest field layer both positively and negatively, and these emissions largely depend on grazing‐induced changes in vegetation composition.


The objective comparison on signal transmission among the fieldbus,traditional 4-20mA and other digital solutions is presented.The application obstacle of FF in process control,which comes from both the designers' custom and the divergent evaluation criterion on fieldbus,is also discussed.Furthermore,the influence of FF in control process and other fields is analyzed.


Gorgitrattanagul, Patcharapol, "Length of the annular regime for condensing flows inside a horizontal channel-the experimental determination of its values and its trends", Master's Thesis,


Geographical Indications (GIs) are designations that identify products as originating in a specific geographical region, that have characteristics essentially linked to their territorial origin. While accepted by many countries as an important tool for differentiating products and identifying quality standards, there is an international division over the best way to protect GIs. The EU supports a sui generis regime with higher levels of protection, while the United States argues that trade mark law is sufficient. Despite being a strong agricultural food exporter, New Zealand has done little to market the geographical origin of its goods. Currently, New Zealand protects GIs through misrepresentation laws and certification marks. This paper questions whether New Zealand should introduce a sui generis system. It argues that while there are some domestic benefits from enhanced protection, these must be counterbalanced with the costs and potential detrimental rigidities of a sui generis system. The key benefits for New Zealand would be the international trade advantages, namely gaining protection in export markets with GI systems, facilitating a free-trade agreement with the EU, and putting New Zealand in a strong position if a multilateral GI register is established. New Zealand is at risk of undermining future developments if the proposed Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement proceeds as it has the potential to preclude any GI deals by granting trade marks enhanced status. This paper submits that New Zealand should remain open to the potential benefits of granting GIs greater protection, rather than missing out on future international developments.


Assessing the human placental barrier permeability of drugs is very important to guarantee drug safety during pregnancy. Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) method was used as an effective assessing tool for the placental transfer study of drugs, while in vitro human placental perfusion is the most widely used method. In this study, the partial least squares (PLS) variable selection and modeling procedure was used to pick out optimal descriptors from a pool of 620 descriptors of 65 compounds and to simultaneously develop a QSAR model between the descriptors and the placental barrier permeability expressed by the clearance indices (CI). The model was subjected to internal validation by cross-validation and y-randomization and to external validation by predicting CI values of 19 compounds. It was shown that the model developed is robust and has a good predictive potential (r2 = 0.9064, RMSE = 0.09, q2 = 0.7323, rp2 = 0.7656, RMSP = 0.14). The mechanistic interpretation of the final model was given by the high variable importance in projection values of descriptors. Using PLS procedure, we can rapidly and effectively select optimal descriptors and thus construct a model with good stability and predictability. This analysis can provide an effective tool for the high-throughput screening of the placental barrier permeability of drugs.


In accordance with the daily quota of water regulation,with consideration of the characteristics of cascade reservoirs' water regulation of Xiaolangdi and Xixiayuan Projects,as well as the recent power generation output proecss of Xiaolangdi Project(active power),the paper calculates the optimized process of daily power generation output of Xiaolangdi and Xixiayuan Reservoirs.The purpose is to make up current schedules on power generation output process and ascertain real time rolling plans,in order to schedule reasonablly the daily process of power output of Xiaolangdi and Xixiayuan Reservoirs.Hence,both tasks of water regulation and economic output regulation of the cascade reservoirs are realized.


The radiation hardness of Al2O3 as a dielectric for SiC surface passivation is studied and compared to SiO2 for potential application in radiation hard SiC devices. SiO2 is deposited on 4H-SiC by PECVD and post annealed in N2O, whereas Al2O3 is deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The oxides are bombarded with Ar ions in an energy range to produce maximum damage near the oxide/SiC interface. Metal-insulator-semiconductor structures are prepared and their dielectric characteristics are analyzed using capacitance-voltage measurements. Additionally, the effect of the interface damage on surface recombination is studied using the optical free carrier absorption method for the same samples. The results indicate that the SiO2/SiC interface is significantly affected at 1×1011 cm-2 fluence of Ar ions, however, the dielectric properties of Al2O3/SiC interface remain unaffected even for ten times higher fluences. Similar observations are made for the surface recombination measurements.


Microtubules, an integral component of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells, are implicated in the regulation of a number of diverse processes such as axonal transport, secretion, cell division and the maintenance of cell shape. Recently, it has been reported that microtubles may also be involved in the regulation of excitability of axons (Matsumoto & Sakai, 1979a,b; Matsumoto et al., 1979, 1980). These findings are further supported by the observation that (a) the breakdown of cytoskeletal elements reduces the Na+ spikes in cultured neurons (Fukuda et al., 198 l) , (b) the Na+-channel activator batrachotoxin is a potent inhibitor of axonal transport (Ochs & Worth, 1975), possibly through a direct interaction with the transport system, and (c) Na+-channel toxins affect microtubule assembly in vitro (Brown & Tolbert, 1979; Brown et al., 1983). However, the molecular basis of these interactions is not known. The aim of the present study was to analyse the mechanism of the interaction of a Na+-channel toxin, purified from venom of the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus, with microtubule proteins. Microtubule proteins were purified by temperaturedependent recyclization (Karr er al., 1979) and contained only high-M, microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) and tubulin. Tubulin depleted of MAPs (PC-tubulin), tubulin lacking its 4 kDa C-terminal fragment, due to digestion with subtilisin (S-tubulin), and the 4 kDa peptide were prepared as described by Weingarten et al. (1975) and Serrano et al. (1984a,b), respectively. Affinity chromatography was performed with columns of activated CNBr-Sepharose 4B cross-linked with PC-tubulin or the 4 kDa peptide. Microtubule assembly was measured by \he change in optical density of samples incubated at 25 C for 45 min in the presence of I mM-GTP. Polymerized microtubules were either stained directly with 2% (w/v) uranyl acetate, for examination by electron microscopy, or centrifuged at 100000 g for 3min in a Beckman airfuge. Supernatants and pellets were assayed for total protein (Lowry et al., 195 1) and analysed by gel electrophoresis. Na+-channel toxin was purified from venom of the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus, and radioiodinated as described by Catterall(l976, 1977). Microtubule proteins or PC-tubulin exhibited an increased optical density change when polymerized in the presence of toxin (Table 1). A corresponding increase was observed in the amount of polymer pelleted by centrifugation. Examination of samples by electron microscopy revealed the presence of microtubule 'bundles' when the toxin was added. Electrophoretic analysis of the polymerized and unpolymerized microtubule proteins indicated the presence of MAPs 1 and 2 in all cases. In an experiment where radioiodinated toxin was added to samples, it co-polymerized with microtubule proteins and PC-tubulin but only traces were detected in association with S-tubulin polymers (Table 1). Radiolabelled toxin also bound to a column containing activated CNBr-


The article discusses statutory responsibilities of agents in respect of compliance with the AML
policy. In particular, the article addresses the Know Your Customer policy, assessment of the associated
AML/CFT risks and applying a risk based approach, preparation of internal documents
and procedures by the company in order to reduce the risks and, last but not least, effective counteracting
of money laundering. Transactional 'anomalies' pertaining to people, transfers, products
and geographical areas with the poor AML procedures implementation have been mentioned. The
author has also referred to particular examples of crimes connected with money laundering in the
real estate market. On the other hand, the outcome of the controlling actions conducted by the
General Inspector for Financial Information (GIIF) and the discovered inaccuracies have been described.
The author has clearly emphasized in the beginning of the article that real estate and land
market is a sector of the economy that is particularly susceptible to money laundering, hence, it is
important that the agents involved in real estate counteract the possible abuses.


Processing of garments offers many advantages compared to conventional route adopted in dyeing and finishing of fabrics. Many developments have taken place in the field of garment processing, especially in dyeing and finishing and easy care finishing has become synonymous with finishing of garments. Nevertheless stringent measures are required in the case of garment processing since any damage at this stage would result in value added losses. This paper discusses certain aspects related to dyeing and finishing of garments, in the selected area.


Objective To search a new way to treat the extravasating wound. Methods To inject the solution involving per 0.5% flagyl 10ml add α-chymotrypsin 8000U to the extravasating wound involving fat fluid and abscess, don't reelect other antibiotics, and compare to the tradition way: To inject the solution involving 50% Glucose add Insulin to the exthravasating wound, to reelect other useful antibiotics to drip. and add physiotherapy. Results The tradition way cute rate is 26.7% To the patients whose wound extravasating exceed 50% the cute rate is 1.18%, the abscess wounds are not validity. To inject the flagyl and α-chymotrypsin into the wound, cute rate is 96.56%, to the abscess wounds cute rate is 100%. Conclusions To use the solution involving per 0.5% flagyl add α-chymotrypsin inject to extravasating wound involving fat fluid and abscess. the methods is simple. cute rate is high. To compare to the tradition way, this way can shorten patient's time in the hospital. And the wound that is incision and draiage is cut down, dicyclic sutura is decreased. And the patient is not so fear, on the other way, contradiction in the patient and the doctor is cut down.


This paper shows the effect of sample design on the Discriminant Analysis for two groups by means of a simulation study involving stratified design. Four criteria of discrimination are used and compared. Also, the equivalency between the Multiple Linear Regression using the Generalized Estimating Equations and the Discriminant Analysis for two normal populations from a Complex Design is proved. The results are applied to an epidemiological problem.


Mineral lick compositions for ruminants are disclosed, as well as methods for their preparation and use. The compositions may include at least one sodium salt, at least one calcium salt, at least one magnesium salt, and at least one fatty acid component comprising at least about 80% saturated fatty acid by weight.


A chromatographic study was made of the amino acids present in the urine and C.S.F. of forty mental defectives aged from 18 months to 21 years, most being in middle or late childhood. Some of the patients showed a moderate degree of aminoaciduria and these patients tended also to have the highest numbers of amino acids in the C.S.F. chromatograms.


The Dermatophagoides mites are well recognized as allergens in bronchial asthma. A survey of mattress dust in Birmingham showed large numbers of Euroglyphus maynei to be present in addition. A variation was found in mite populations in dust collected by vacuum cleaner when compared to brushed samples, which may explain previous findings of only small numbers of E. maynei. A mean density of 296 pyroglyphid mites; 100 μg dust was found in mattress dust. Glycyphagus species formed only 1%, of all mites seen.


Colourless triclinic single crystals of Na4(NH4)2[TeMo6O24] · 16H2O were grown in aqueous solution (space group P1, a = 1 075.3(1), b = 1 074.2(1), c = 1 089.8(1) pm, = 96.259(9), β = 118.556(7), γ = 113.355(8)°, Z = 1, 295 K, 311 parameters, 3 689 reflections, Rg = 0.0197). There are two crystallographically independent Na+ cations. Na(1) is coordinated octahedrally by four water molecules and two oxygen atoms of the centrosymmetric [TeMo6O24]6− anion. Na(2) is bound to five water molecules in a considerably distorted trigonally bipyramidal fashion. These bipyramids are linked with NH4+ by hydrogen bonds to yield centrosymmetric cluster cations consisting of two NH4+ and two Na(H2O)5+ each. Hydrogen bonds envolving all except one (O(10)) of the oxygen atoms of the [TeMo6O24]6− anion as almost equivalent proton acceptors regardless of their bonding mode to Te and Mo, respectively, establish further connections to NH4+ and the water of crystallization.

Uber das Protonenakzeptorverhalten von [TeMo6O24]6− in Na4(NH4)2[TeMo6O24] · 16H2O

Farblose Einkristalle von Na4(NH4)2[TeMo6O24] · 16H2O wurden in wasriger Losung gezuchtet (Raumgruppe P1, a = 1 075,3(1), b = 1 074,2(1), c = 1 089,8(1) pm, = 96,259(9), β = 118,556(7), γ = 113,355(8)°, Z = 1, 295 K, 311 Parameter, 3 689 Reflexe, Rg = 0,0197). Es liegen zwei kristallographisch unabhangige Na+ Kationen vor. Na(1) ist oktaedrisch von vier Wassermolekulen und zwei Sauerstoffatomen des zentrosymmetrischen [TeMo6O24]6−-Anions umgeben. Na(2) ist in stark verzerrt trigonal-bipyramidaler Weise von funf Wassermolekulen koordiniert. Je zwei dieser Na(H2O)5+-Bipyramiden sind mit zwei NH4+-Kationen uber Wasserstoffbruckenbindungen zu zentrosymmetrischen kationischen Clustern verknupft. Mit Ausnahme von O(10) wirken alle Sauerstoffatome des [TeMo6O24]6−-Anions ungeachtet ihrer unterschiedlichen Bindigkeit bezuglich Mo bzw. Te als annahernd gleichwertige Protonenakzeptoren in Wasserstoffbruckenbindungen zu den NH4+-Kationen und den Kristallwassermolekulen.


The purpose of this essay is to place the history of the rise and decline of Chicago's Young Lords Organization (YLO) in both U.S. and Puerto Rico's national contexts. By simultaneously situating the YLO within the history of Puerto Rico's political nationalism and the United States' ethnic revitalization movements, we note the emergent and contingent nature of national identities across transnatio-nal spaces. Overall, the essay will complement the field of transnational political practices, as well as the perpetual debate on Puerto Rican identity.


This paper proposes a novel method based on bag of local space-time interest points' features to recognize and retrieval complex events in real movies. In this method, an individual video sequence is represented as a bag of local space-time features then we integrate such bag-of-feature with SVM for recognition events. Local space-time features are introduced to capture the local events in video and can be adapted to size and velocity of the pattern of the event. To evaluate effectiveness of this method, this paper uses the public Hollywood dataset, in this dataset the shot sequences has collected from 32 different Hollywood movies and it includes 8 event classes. The presented result justify the proposed method explicitly improve the average accuracy and average precision compared to other relative approaches.


Shipbuilding project is a kind of engineering with complicated system and multiple engineering changes add more uncertainties to the system. From the perspective of cost management, this paper establishes system dynamics cost model on engineering change through the analysis of impact factors on cost influenced by shipbuilding engineering change based on the theory of system dynamics. Then, by using Vensim software to conduct simulations, the study of quantification of complex problems is achieved. The result provides useful reference for enterprise making decisions about engineering change.


Crick and Koch suggested in 2005 that the claustrum might be engaged in sensory binding operations related to consciousness. This might involve, they suggested, widespread waves of information traveling within the claustrum that might depend on networks of gap-junction linked neurons, which were especially sensitive to the timing of inputs. But they did not suggest any specific system to do this. The purpose of this present paper is to suggest what this mechanism might be. The basic thesis is that the claustrum is a spike coincidence–detecting device, constructed of large number of small simple identical nerve nets. These function as GABA-modulated 'AND gates' that convert the separate packets of unbound information in its inputs into an efferent signal that carries the binding information essential for consciousness and other brain functions. This function may also be relevant to processing of synchronized oscillation by the claustrum. Different anatomical regions of the claustrum may exert this function for sensory binding, computation of the significance of reinforcement in a complex environment, and other higher brain functions. We also suggest the outlines of a mechanism by which the cortex may process this input from the claustrum. We review the manner in which this hypothesis explains the present data. There is at present no other detailed hypothesis in this field.


Stagnation of a cold plasma streaming to the center or axis of symmetry via an expanding accretion shock wave is ubiquitous in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and high-energy-density plasma physics, the examples ranging from plasma flows in x-ray-generating Z pinches [Maron et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 035001 (2013)] to the experiments in support of the recently suggested concept of impact ignition in ICF [Azechi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 235002 (2009); Murakami et al., Nucl. Fusion 54, 054007 (2014)]. Some experimental evidence indicates that stagnation via an expanding shock wave is stable, but its stability has never been studied theoretically. We present such analysis for the stagnation that does not involve a rarefaction wave behind the expanding shock front and is described by the classic ideal-gas Noh solution in spherical and cylindrical geometry. In either case, the stagnated flow has been demonstrated to be stable, initial perturbations exhibiting a power-law, oscillatory or monotonic, de...


It is extremely rare, for an article dealing with the lowly hernia to provoke a tremor in the world of surgery. Malik and colleagues1 have just managed that seismic quality and they are to be congratulated and celebrated.


The energy demand of developing countries increases every year. Large amounts of energy are consumed during the production and transportation of construction materials. Conservation of energy became important in the perspective of limiting carbon emissions into the environment and for decreasing the cost of materials. This article is concentrated on some issues affecting the embodied energy of construction materials mainly in the residential sector. Energy consumption in three various wall structures has been made. The comparison demonstrated that the embodied energy of traditional wall structures is 3-times higher than the energy efficient building materials. CO2 emissions produced by conventional materials and green building materials are 54.96 Kg CO2/m2 and 35.33 Kg CO2/m2, respectively. Finally, the results revealed substantial difference in embodied energy and carbon footprints of materials for which its production involves a high amount of energy consumption.


A survey of fresh shavings from 32 commercial broiler houses for 2,3,4,6-tetra-and pentachlorophenols has shown levels of 4 to 307 parts/million (mean 53) and 1 to 83 parts/million (mean 12), respectively. Most of this was lost during the period of growth of the chickens, residual levels of 0 to 5.6 parts/million (mean 0.7) and 0 to 4.1 parts/million (mean 0.3), respectively, being present in the spent litter. Only traces of the corresponding anisoles were found in a few samples. Observations on the source of these chlorophenols, their implications in relation to musty taint in chickens and the route by which they are lost from the litter are discussed.


The present invention is a) an epoxy resin, b) aluminum oxide with a curing agent, c) a core / shell polymer, d) the particle size distribution of 0.1 to 300 ㎛ for an epoxy resin having more than one 1,2-epoxy groups in the molecule the average , and e) to the curable epoxy resin casting materials comprising a compound of formula: And in the formula, n is 1 or 2, R is A, wherein a is 0 to 50, b is from 0 to 50, m is 1 to 6, x is 1 to 5 or R 'is C 4-24 alkenyl, C 4-24 alkyl, C 5- 30 aryl, being; Crosslinked product obtainable by thermally curing the casting material such; And it relates to an electrical or an electrically insulating structural material for an electronic component, in particular gas-insulated switching systems and the use of such casting materials suitable for the production of so-called "spacers" for the generator switch.


Abstract An evaluation method for the stretchability of a biaxially oriented film during the stretching process was recently developed using an in situ measurement test machine. Stress, retardation, three-dimensional refractive indexes, light-scattering image, and birefringence distribution of films could be obtained in a short time. This stretching test machine was applied to examine the film stretchability of both semicrystalline polymers, such as polypropylene, and noncrystalline polymers, such as polystyrene, under various preheating times. From the measurements, the stress of semicrystalline polymers increased with increasing preheating times before stretching the film. However, the stress of noncrystalline polymers did not increase with increasing preheating times. This means that semicrystalline polymer is required to set up an optimum stretching condition of the preheating time for a satisfactory biaxially oriented film. Furthermore, the birefringence distribution and thickness uniformity of the stretched film were measured simultaneously. It was found that the stretchability of polypropylene and polystyrene films could be evaluated with a small piece of the sample using the biaxial stretching test machine.


Article Info ABSTRACT Article History: Received 26 January 2020 Revised 30 June 2020 Accepted 23 July 2020 Published 30 November 2020 The success of student achievement in the formation of HOTS and interpersonal communication skills is by applying an appropriate learning model, one of which is the cooperative script learning model. This research aims to determine how the influence of the cooperative script model aided by concrete media in studying plant tissue material on HOTS and interpersonal communication skills. Quasi-experimental design research methods. The population was all students of class XI SMA Negeri 15 Bandar Lampung, amounting to 162 students, the research sample contained two classes, namely the experimental class and the control class totaling 31 students each. The data analysis of the pretest and posttest using the MANOVA test analysis. The results showed that the application of the cooperative script model helped by concrete media affected HOTS and biology students interpersonal communication. Can be seen from the value significant was 0.000<0.05 then H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. The results of Manova Test on HOTS and interpersonal communication shows the value significant was 0.000<0.05 so that H0 is rejected, it means learning activities using cooperative script learning models assisted by concrete media affect HOTS and biology students interpersonal communication skills.


This thesis is concerning the process analysis and its modelling in a chosen department of the company. Initially it clarifies the priniciple of process approach and the related fundemental terms. Followed by description of the factors that influence the process analysis, chosen methodologies and standards. The practical part is composed of process analysis in the chosen department of the company with providing graphical support with the proper diagrams. Finally the process should be evaluated, the weak points should be identified and new ways of improvement would be suggested.


Many debates in higher education center around the role of approaches to teaching (measured with ATI-R) and impact of academic disciplines (soft vs. hard) on teaching practice, e.g. advice giving. An online study with N = 70 academic teachers was conducted and the advice given was content analyzed. Regression analyses showed that academics with a higher student focus (ATI-R) advised more deep learning strategies. Academics from the soft disciplines wrote longer answers, advised more resource management strategies, and provided more reasons for student self-learning that contained fewer external motivators. Hence, the study supports the role of approaches to teaching and academic disciplines on teaching practice.


Objective: to analyze factors affecting relapse-free and overall survival of patients with non-metastatic non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) after surgical treatment.Materials and methods. This study included 279 (13.62 %) nccRCC patients from the database containing information on 2049 patients with localized and locally advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) without distant metastases who underwent surgical treatment in the Department of Urologic Oncology, P.A. Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute between 2002 and 2018. Gender ratio was 1.36:1 (161 men (57.7 %) and 118 women (42.3 %)). Median follow-up time was 34.5 months (range: 1-141 months). Patients had undergone either radical nephrectomy (n = 117; 41.9 %) or kidney resection (n = 160; 57.4 %) or radiofrequency thermal ablation (n = 2; 0.7 %). Standard (open) transperitoneal approach was used in 135 patients (48.4 %) patients, whereas 144 (51.6 %) patients were operated on via laparoscopic approach. Postoperative histological examination demonstrated that 110 participants (39.4 %) had chromophobe RCC, while 79 (28.3 %) and 63 (22.6 %) individuals had type 1 and type 2 papillary RCC, respectively. Twenty-seven patients were found to have rare or mixed variants of nccRCC (they were excluded from the analysis due to their relatively small number). Patients were diagnosed with the following stages of cancer: рТ1а (n = 129; 46.2 %), pT1b (n = 72; 25.8 %), рТ2а (n = 18; 6.5 %), pT2b (n = 8; 2.9 %), рТ3а (n = 31; 11.1 %), pT3b (n = 4; 1.4 %), рТ4 (n = 1; 0,4 %), and pN+ (n = 16; 5.7 %).Results and conclusion. 13 patients (4.7 %) were diagnosed progressive disease; 9 patients (3.2 %) died due to nccRCC progression. The highest relapse-free and overall survival rates were registered in the patients with type 1 papillary RCC and chromophobe RCC.Spearman's correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between the risk of disease progression and tumor size (R = 0.23; p <0.0001), pT stage (R = 0.24; p = 0.0001), vascular invasion (R = 0.36; p <0.0001), pN+ stage (R = 0.4; p <0.0001), surgical resection margin (R = 0.5; p <0.0001), histological variant (R = 0.14; p = 0.02), and Furman differentiation grade (R = 0.16; p = 0.02). The following factors were found to have an impact on relapse-free survival according to multivariate Cox regression: presence of necrosis (p = 0.04), pT stage (p = 0.03), and vascular invasion (p = 0.08), although the last variable failed to reach statistical significance. Cancer-specific survival was significantly affected by pT stage (p = 0.01) and Furman differentiation grade (p = 0.04). None of the factors demonstrated significant associations with overall survival. Thus, the most significant prognostic factor affecting relapse-free, overall, and cancer-specific survival in nccRCC patients was the pT stage (p <0.05).


If φ is a scattered order type, and μ is a cardinal, then there exists a scattered order type ψ such that holds.


Introduction 1. Vienna convention on the Law of Treaties 1969 2. What is a treaty? 3. MoUs 4. Capacity to conclude treaties 5. Full powers 6. Adoption and authentication 7. Consent to be bound 8. Reservations 9. Entry into force 10. Treaties and domestic law 11. Territorial application 12. Successive treaties 13. Interpretation 14. Third states 15. Amendment 16. Duration and termination 17. Invalidity 18. The depositary 19. Registration and publicaton 20. Dispute settlement and remedies 21. Succession to treaties 22. International organisations 23. Drafting and final clauses Appendices.


Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of automated impedance platelet counts by Beckman Coulter LH780 (PLT-LH), Sysmex XN-3000 (PLT-XNi) and fluorescence method by Sysmex XN-3000 (PLT-F) in patients with acute leukemia. Blood specimens were subjected to platelet measurements by evaluated methods and then compared against the international reference method (IRM). Eighty-two blood specimens were included. Bland–Altman plots of the differences between the evaluated methods and IRM demonstrated mean biases of PLT-LH, PLT-XNi and PLT-F of 9 × 109/L, 11 × 109/L and 2 × 109/L, respectively. For platelet transfusion guidance, all evaluated methods had acceptable accuracy. For platelet transfusion guidance, the sensitivities of PLT-LH, PLT-XNi and PLT-F were 33.3, 25.0 and 83.3%, respectively, at a transfusion threshold of 10 × 109/L, and 73.1, 61.5 and 84.6%, respectively, at transfusion threshold of 20 × 109/L. High blast count was associated with inaccurate PLT-LH and PLT-XNi. In conclusion, the PLT-F demonstrated excellent performance for diagnosis of thrombocytopenia and for platelet transfusion guidance in the evaluated specimens from acute leukemia patients. With respect to clinical relevance, careful blood smear review is necessary in case of high blast counts.


Poly(vinyl alcohol)-congo red (PVA-CR) complexes in aqueous solutions undergo a reentrant sol-gel transition with respect to C CR . This transition was investigated from the structural view points in terms of SANS and SAXS techniques. The static scattered intensity, I(q), was observed as functions of PVA and CR concentrations, C PVA and C CR, , and temperature, where q is the magnitude of the scattering vector. The contribution of the CR cluster scattering was successfully subtracted from I(q), and the corrected scattered intensity function, I corr (q), was analyzed in terms of a so-called Kratky plot, i.e., q 2 I(q) vs q


Prescribing an appropriate adaptation period is an important consideration when using treadmills for locomotion studies. The present study investigated within-trial accommodation to running on a force measuring treadmill. Force measures were derived from vertical reaction force records of 16 runners; 8 were experienced in running on a treadmill. Three dependent measures, the peak impact force (F1), the loading rate of the impact force (LR), and the peak active force (F2) were tested for significant differences (p < 0.05) every 2 minutes of a continuous 20-min run using a two-factor ANOVA (group × time) with one repeated measure (time). Coefficients of variation (CV) for each dependent measure were tested for statistical significance in the same way. There were no significant differences in F1, LR, or F2 over any samples for the 20-min running trials. There were no significant changes in CV values for the duration of the run. The results from the present study suggest that after 30 seconds of treadmill run...


The goal of this study is to estimate the values of the parameters of a simple electrical model of the cardiovascular system and to evaluate whether some physical interpretation can be given to the left ventricular parameters. In this model, the left ventricle is represented by a time varying capacitance C(t) analogous to the instantaneous left ventricular pressure/volume ratio, and the systemic vascular bed by two capacitances (Cl, C2), one inductance (L) and one resistance (r). The parameter values are computed from only two measurements: the instantaneous pressurepao(t) and the mean flow Q¿ao at the root of the aorta during one beat. First, r is calculated as the ratio between P¿ao and Q¿ao. Thereafter, Jazwinski's nonlinear filter is used to compute L, C1, C2 from the diastolic part of pao (t), and C(t) from the systolic part of pao(t). The shape of ê(t), i.e., 1/¿(t) during one beat, estimated from our experiments on dogs, varies strongly after isoproterenol injection (increase in myocardial contactility) but remains unchanged after neosynephrine and amyl nitrite administration (changes in peripheral vascular resistance). These results suggest that the estimated ê(t), like the actual pressure/volume ratio measured by Suga is related to the contractile state of the left ventricle.


This paper studied the effect of a natural preservation agents of lotus root under different pH,and evaluated its storage effect through measuring the brown degrees,respiration intensity,reduced sugar,protein,catalase and polyphenoloxidase of the lotus root.During storage,the brown degrees of lotus root rose gradually and the respiration intensity raised first and then dropped.The content of reducing sugar rose slowly.The change of protein content was not obvious in the early period of storage,afterwards,it decreased slowly.The vigor of catalase dropped gradually while the vigor of polyphenoloxidase first rose and then decreased.During the storage processing,the lotus root was soaked with six kinds of different pH notes of the natural anti-staling agent and it was discovered that the change of lotus roots' brown degrees,the breath intensity,the reducing sugar,the protein,the catalase and the polyphenoloxidase were different.This experiment indicated that when the natural preservation agent pH was 4.4,the effect was the best during storage.


Only by blending into the culture of a country can one understand the foreign context and gain as many personal experiences as possible. Short-term study abroad is a shortcut to familiarize with local culture of the destination in the relatively shorter time. In the traditional concept, studying abroad is a "huge" thing because it engages multiple involvements from different parties. What's more, needed contributions toward studying abroad such as trade-offs, application preparation, living arrangements can be complex and daunting for potential participants. Today, short-term study abroad however has become a mainstream choice for students who want to obtain multicultural and language learning or to become global citizens, along with the development of study abroad processing framework and practices. By critically analyzing students' motivations to participate in faculty-led short-term study abroad, the primary purpose of this case study is to bring up the approaches to expand the programs for American university students who are the major object of analysis.


A number of articles have recently been published (1-4) where microwave signals are switched and controlled by means of a ps photoconductor illuminated by a mode-locked laser pulse. The advantages of such an approach over conventional electronic circuitry include higher speeds, excellent timing and high power capability. Here we describe a simple arrangement which makes it possible to both switch an arbitrary number of cycles from a microwave generator (case 1), as well as to shape microwave pulses from a dc bias source (case 2), with easily adjustable frequency and duration. To that end we use a ps photoconductor with a PEPS (5), which controls the pulse produced.


We characterize the thermo-optic coefficient of silicon nitride films with varying silicon contents using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). A clear relation between the silicon content and the exhibited thermo-optic coefficient has been demonstrated along with a coefficient as high as (1.65±0.08) ×10-4 K-1.


Revolutionary situations, as the May of 68 in France, can evolve in radicalization towards a revolutionary crisis - the hour of insurrection, when the crisis...


Abstract: This article attempts to show that theories of masculinities bring a useful framework to the study of men in prison. Two main aspects of classic prison sociology are explored in terms of theories of masculinities. It is first suggested that the concept of solidarity and an unwritten code between prison inmates is similar to the male bonding described in other forms of fratriarchies, such as shopfloor cultures. It is then suggested that the hierarchies among men in prison described by prison sociologists are directly related to, and perhaps a function of, the power relations of hegemonic masculinity. This paper is not intended to offer a complete analysis of the application of theories of masculinities to prison sociology; rather, the intention is to suggest the potentials of the former to add to interpretions of the latter.


to Different of were to the of broilers, then the antibody titer's were measured for Sheep Blood Cells (SRBC) and Newcastle Disease virus (NDV) plus stimulation rate of T-lymphocytes by Delayed-Typed Hypersensitivity (DTH) assay Results : Assays revealed that addition of 200 & 400 ppm of Z. multiflora essence in the diet of broilers increased Ab levels against NDV, statistically (p<0.01) and the Ab levels against SRBC in the group receiving 200 ppm of essence was increased (p<0.05), while in the group receiving 400 ppm of the essence Ab levels against SRBC was decreased statistically (p<0.05) in comparison to control group. Also in DTH assay, the skin thickening 48 hours post Ag challenge was higher statistically (p<0.05) in the group receiving 200 ppm of the essence compared to control group, but in group receiving 400 ppm of the essence 48 and 72 h post Ag challenge, skin thickening was statistically lower (p<0.05) than other groups. Conclusion : The effects of Z. multiflora on immune system of broilers is dose dependent and use of lower concentrations of this herbal showed immunomodulatory properties. Thus, it is recommended to use the low concerntations of Zattariamultiflora in order to increase the resistance of broilers against enteric and respiratory infections.


Under the background of Daxie Bridge in Ningbo,the effect of side retainers on the lateral anti-seismic system in cable-stayed bridge was investigated.Nonlinear time history analysis was utilized to obtain the seismic responses of Daxie Bridge in correspondence with three conditions,i.e.structural response excluding retainer influences,structural response incorporating retainer influences,and structural response considering the effects of damage of retainers.It is found that the pounding effects between girder and retainer are effective to reduce the earthquake response of the auxiliary piers,which usually governs the design of cable-stayed bridges in the transverse direction.Damage of retainers will amplify the lateral displacement of the girder,which is not expected to happen for cable-stayed bridges.The retainers are efficient to diminish the seismic response of bridge structure,to restrain the displacement of girder and to protect the bearings from earthquake when dampers are mounted on the side piers,which will,however,increase the cost and cause design problems.Recommendations were made to choose strong retainers with sufficient strength to survive severe ground motions as a useful measure for cable-stayed bridge.


Alanosine (L-2-amino-3-hydroxynitrosamine propionic acid) fed to males and females of the black blow fly for a single 3-day period or for the life of the experiment significantly reduced egg production, length, and hatchability. The onset of oviposition was delayed for 3 days by both modes of treatment, an effect not seen in Bracon hebetor Say. The difference is in the time of development of the ovarioles, before eclosion in the wasp and after eclosion in the black blow fly.


Although the parameters of logit and probit and other nonlinear probability models (NLPMs) are often explained and interpreted in relation to the regression coefficients of an underlying linear latent variable model, we argue that they may also be usefully interpreted in terms of the correlations between the dependent variable of the latent variable model and its predictor variables. We show how this correlation can be derived from the parameters of NLPMs, develop tests for the statistical significance of the derived correlation, and illustrate its usefulness in two applications. Under certain circumstances, which we explain, the derived correlation provides a way of overcoming the problems inherent in cross-sample comparisons of the parameters of NLPMs.


We have experienced a case of pulmonary adenocarcinoma looked like cavitary lesion of pulmonary tuberculosis in 49-year-old male patient. He has taken antituberculous medication for 5 months under the impression of pulmonary tuberculosis with cavity at local hospital. The cavitary lesion was changed nodular mass on follow-up chest X-ray. Transthoracic fine needle aspiration was done and cytologic specimen suggested squamous cell carcinoma. Right middle lobectomy was performed. The nodular mass, which was confirmed as adenocarcinoma on microscopic examination, had central cavity filled with hemorrhage.


AIM:To study the protective effects of vitexia-rhamnoside (VR) on the cultured cardiac myocytes damaged by hypoxia and reoxygenation. METHODS: The cultured cells were subject to ischemia and reperfusion following hypoxia and reoxygenation. By histochemistry, TAB reaction chromatometry, and fluorescent staining methods, we measured the cytoplasmic lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), and Ca2+ concentration. And the LDH activity, thromboxane R,, (TXB2), 6-keto-prostaglandin F (1-alpha) (6-keto-PGF (1-alpha)) in the culture solutions, were analyzed by enzyme kinetics and radioimmunological assay (RIA), respectively. Cell membrane calcium channels were recorded by patch-clamp technique. Meanwhile, the cells beat was observed. RESULT: VR showed to decrease the concentration of cytoplasmic calcium and MDA at different doses. And the LDH activity both in cytoplasma and in culture solution was deduced. The beating rates of cells were slowed down to some extent. The voltage-dependent original currents and inward calcium currents (Iea) were recorded. At the dose of 10-3 mol/L, VR could increase the lea in guinea pig single ventricular cells, and increase the content of prostacyclin (PGI) and the ratio of PGI and thromboxane A2, (TXA2). On the contrary, the content of TXA2 was significantly decreased. CONCLUSION: VR demonstrated the protective effects on the injured cardiac myocytes through the mechanisms of stabilizing the cell membrane, attenuating the damage, modulating the production of prostaglandins (PGs), slowing down the cardiac beat rates.


Microfinance is showing great promise as a means of combating poverty in India. Although making significant contributions to the home and national economies, women's work is often undervalued or ignored. The rapid growth of SHGs and the Bank linkage model have sparked a nationwide campaign to increase women's economic independence. Many empirical investigations have demonstrated that the members of SHGs have been able to better their socioeconomic situation thanks to microfinance provided via SHGs and the Bank linkage model. Moreover, it empowers women to make better financial decisions for their families and boosts their self-esteem. The questionnaire serves as the primary data collector, while non-parametric tests (such as the chi-square and analysis of variance) are used for analysis and presentation. Self-help Training of Swarozgaris, infrastructure development, marketing and technology support, member communication, member self-confidence, reduction in family violence, increase in outsider contact, monthly savings by SHG members, monthly savings by SHG members as a whole, political participation, social harmony, social justice, and community involvement are just some of the areas where groups have made a significant impact.


The maturity degree was determined according to the developmental stages and heat index of different maize varieties and temporal heat resource. Because of the maturity degree of different varieties under the same climate condition and the yield difference between varieties, the main planting variety was determined by using probability decision. Using linear programming,the inter annual fluctuation of regional heat was considered comprehensively. The planting rate of different maturity varieties were arranged to reach fully and reasonable use heat resource. Making a better maize varieties structure is the aim of active defending to chilling damage.


The flow field generated by the pitched-blade turbine in both laminar and turbulent operation has been investigated using laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) and digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) experimental techniques. This data has been used to critically evaluate the performance of computational fluid mixing (CFM) tools. It has been found that current CFM software can accurately predict the laminar flow behaviour of the pitched-blade impeller if the proper velocity boundary conditions are provided around the entire periphery of the impeller. In turbulent operation, CFM simulations predict some of the features of the flow field, but dramatically underpredict the total energy dissipation rate in the vessel. They are not currently capable of describing the large-scale instabilities in the flow detected by DPIV.


The γ-ray spectrum of the source HAWC J1825-134 measured with the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory extends beyond 200 TeV without any evidence for a steepening or cutoff. There are some indications that the γ-rays detected with HAWC were produced by cosmic-ray protons or nuclei colliding with the ambient gas. Assuming primary protons, we inquire which shape of the primary proton spectrum is compatible with the HAWC measurements. We find that the primary proton spectrum with the power-law shape of γ p = 2.2 and the cutoff energy E c−p > 500 TeV describes the data well. However, much harder spectra with γ p down to 1.3 and E c−p as low as 200 TeV also do not contradict the HAWC measurements. The former option might be realized if the accelerator is inside or very near to the γ-ray production zone. The latter option is viable for the case of a cosmic-ray source that effectively confines low-energy (E p < 10 TeV) accelerated protons. Using publicly available data of the Fermi-LAT space γ-ray telescope, we derive upper limits on the intensity of the HAWC J1825-134 source in the 1 GeV–1 TeV energy range. We show that the account of these upper limits drastically changes the interpretation: only hard (γ p < 1.7) spectra describe the combined HAWC and Fermi-LAT data sets well.