Size-based harvest limits or gear regulations are often used to manage fishing mortality and ensure the spawning biomass of females is sufficiently protected. Yet, management interactions with species' mating systems that affect fishery sustainability and yield are rarely considered. For species with obligate male care, it is possible that size-specific harvest of males will decrease larval production. In order to examine how size-based management practices interact with mating systems, we modeled fisheries of two species with obligate care of nests, corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops, Labridae) and lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus, Hexigrammidae) under two management scenarios, a minimum size limit and a harvest slot limit. We simulated the population dynamics, larval production, and yield to the fishery under a range of fishing mortalities. We also modeled size-dependent male care to determine its interaction with management. In both species, the slot limit decreased yield by less than 12% (relative to minimum size limits) at low fishing mortalities; at higher mortalities, individuals rarely survived to outgrow the slot and spawning potential decreased substantially relative to unfished levels, similar to minimum size limits. Spawning potential decreased less when managed with a slot limit if we included a positive feedback between male size, care, and hatching success, but the benefit of implementing the slot depended both on the relative proportions of each sex selected by the fishery, and on our assumptions regarding male size and care. This work highlights that the effects of size- and sex-selective fisheries management can be nuanced and produce counter-intuitive results.


We have investigated comparatively in situ and ion-implantation doped nitrogen 6H-SiC epilayers by Hall effect measurements in the temper ature range 50K 500K. The experimental temperature variations of the electron concentration a nd H ll mobility are described simultaneously using a model developed previously for 4H-SiC and calibrated to the case of 6H-SiC. The calibration was made using the sample d ata of a high quality lightly nitrogen doped 6H-SiC-epitaxial sample. The generalised collision time tensor for non-elastic scattering mechanisms was used to calculate the electron Hal l mobility. A lower electron mobility and density appear for the implanted samples below 200K, whic h is attributed to the net doping level of the p-type starting material.


Poly[methoxy-5-(2΄-ethylhexoxy)-p-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV) is one of the first PPV derivatives with alkoxy groups on phenyl rings. The ease of polymer processing compared with conventional inorganic semiconductors offers the potential for enormous cost-saving in applications.
Recently, incorporating inorganic nanoparticles into conjugated polymer matrices has attracted much interest in the light emitting diodes (LEDs) and molecular electronic devices. Polymer-inorganic nanocomposites may combine the advantages of both materials, solution processing of the polymer and the high electron mobility of inorganic materials [1,2]. The polymer-inorganic nanocomposites also
have been increasingly studied due to novel synergy effects as well as their enhanced optical and electronic properties [3–5]. In this study, the polymer MEH-PPV was synthesized and the bonding property of the polymer was characterized. Then, that polymer was used to obtain the MEH-PPV:ZnO
nanocomposite thin films. A ZnO nanoparticle with different concentrations was added into MEH-PPV solutions. The nanocomposite thin films will be prepared by using spin coater. The surface morphology and optical properties of the nanocomposite thin films were investigated. Both of these materials were chosen due to their intriguing optoelectronic properties. MEH-PPV has attracted enormous attention recently because of its potential use in PLEDs owing to low turn-on voltage, good solubility and high electroluminescence (EL) efficiency [6, 7]. The use of composites is believed to increase the electrical conduction of the polymer [8] and to improve its stability [9]. MEH-PPV embedded with ZnO nanoparticles is also an environmentally friendly material. The molecular structure of MEH-PPV is shown in Figure 1.


Following Independence in Mozambique in 1975, the newly formed National Film Institute conducted a study into the reception of the audio-visual material being produced and distributed throughout the country by the new generation of Mozambican film-makers. The study, published in 1984, concluded that, for a country with 46 different languages, and high levels of illiteracy, one of the most effective cinematic languages their new generation of local film-makers could use was one drawing extensively on the language of music. Films based on images and music could transcend the cultural and linguistic barriers of the colonially divided nation. Soon after this study was published a civil war brought the training of young Mozambican film-makers to a grinding halt and the report on effective cinematic language for social change was all but forgotten. Only now, as peace and economic growth are bringing relative stability to the country, the next generation of Mozambican filmmakers have returned to the language of the music-video as a means to inform, provoke and protest. In this paper, I reflect on how young Mozambican film-makers drew on this rich legacy of musical film language in the collaborative creation of a film series entitled "Fala Minha Irma (Speak My Sister). I explore the collaborative methodology of the research and production of these six films, assessing the impact of the existing knowledge of the language of the music-video and the intimate connections between the film-makers and their protagonists had on the films and their diverse audiences.


Published in two volumes in 1805, Hahnemann's Latin work Fragmenta de viribus medicamentorum is the first materia medica in the history of homoeopathy. This article examines Hahnemann's use of his own published works in his early medical practice, by focusing on a single patient file from the medical casebooks.


In this paper, a highly efficient gene transfer vector with hepatocyte-targeted function, galactosylated poly(L-succinimide)-g-polyethylenimine-g-lactobionic acid (PSI-g-PEI-g-LA), was synthesized by conjugating lactobionic acid (LA) to biodegradable cationic PSI-g-PEI polymers. The physicochemical properties of PSI-g-PEI-g-LA including buffer capability, plasmid DNA (pDNA) binding ability, cytotoxicity, zeta potential and complex size were explored. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) reveals that PSI-g-PEI-g-LA can compactly condense pDNA into nano-sized particles with a hydrodynamic diameter of 95–175 nm. PSI-g-PEI-g-LA exhibits much higher cell-biocompatibility compared to PSI-g-PEI and PEI. The hepatocyte-targeted function was demonstrated by comparative studies on three polymeric vectors including PSI-g-PEI-g-LA, PSI-g-PEI and PEI25k. The transfection efficiency was evaluated in two different cell lines including asialoglyco protein receptor (ASGP-R) bearing HepG2 cells and ASGP-R-lacking HeLa cells. The in vitro transfection tests using different reporter genes indicate that PSI-g-PEI-g-LA displays higher transfection activity in HepG2 cells due to the specific interaction between LA segments and its ASGP-R on HepG2 cells compared with PSI-g-PEI and PEI. In contrast, the three polymers exhibit similar transfection activity in HeLa cells. PSI-g-PEI-g-LA displays better serum-tolerant transfection ability. Based on these analyses, PSI-g-PEI-g-LA was used as the vector to mediate the transfection of a tumor-suppressor gene p53. By means of western blotting analysis, flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy techniques, considerably high p53 gene expression and consequently strong p53-inducing apoptosis of HepG2 cells are distinctly observed.


This paper focuses on the 3D MHD modeling on an arc plasma in a Kvaerner-type torch made of two concentric electrodes. The spots are displaced with an external magnetic field. We observe different phenomenologies in arc movement, ranging from a gliding arc on the electrodes surfaces to jumping arc foot. The former mode induces a lower heat flux at the electrodes surfaces in comparison to the latter. Besides those dynamics which are indebted to gas nature, current and flow rates, arc stability is also investigated with a theoretical model based on an energy principle.


Since the early 1980s, there have been a number of attempts to use rural service centres as a policy instrument for regional development in South Africa. This paper traces the evolution and reformulation of the strategy and concept through an examination of six case studies. These demonstrate how rural service centres were incorporated in regional development strategies and how the conceptual model was modified, not only in response to local conditions, but also to the prevailing policy environment. While the early case studies tended to place more emphasis on spatial location, physical form and the range of functions at rural service centres, there has recently been a shift in emphasis to the management of service delivery systems through well-located centres in rural areas. Implementation problems in the earlier period were largely due to the absence of a supportive institutional environment, while in the post-1994 period the evolving local government transformation process cut across successive pilot i...


Abstract
The quality of student learning outcomes is caused by two factors, namely internal and external factors. Experienced internal factors and factors that influence student learning processes and internalized outcomes include, attitudes towards learning, interest and motivation to learn, learning concentration, while external factors include things such as, teachers as learning coaches, infrastructure and learning facilities. Less effective and inadequate learning, the quality and knowledge of UPT SDN 23 Gresik students also become not smart and capable. To overcome these problems, the development of the fun learning method was implemented at UPT SDN 23 Gresik. With the fun learning method, students play while learning to create a fun and not boring atmosphere. Aims to increase the taste and intelligence at UPT SDN 23 Gresik on an ongoing basis. The result is that students become more excited to go to school, students become happy and interested in teaching and learning activities because the fun learning method is not boring.

Keywords : Fun Learning, Learning Effect, Enthusiasm


Moresby Seamount Detachment, located east of Papua New Guinea in the Woodlark Basin, is arguably the best-exposed active extensional detachment fault in the world. It forms the northern slopes of Moresby Seamount, a 3000 meter high east-west trending tectonic horst separating two extensional basins. Fault zone dip is about 30°, and total horizontal stretch accumulated in the past 3.5 Ma is about 8 km. The detachment surface is exposed on the sea floor over an area of about 30 square kilometers. Denudation is almost absent, and sedimentation is apparently suppressed by strong bottom water currents, providing a unique opportunity to analyze the tectonic geomorphology and structure of the fault zone, and sample the fault rocks.


Auger profiles including PCI effects are calculated using the MBPT formulation of Amusia et al. (1979). Results are compared with (semi)classical results of Niehaus (1977).


Using solvent relief absorption gas Chromatography to estimate the concentration of the Benzene and benzene series in the room air.The method: It adopted the active carbon tube to collect samples,which were relieved by CS2 absorption with HP-5 capillary gas chromatography and FID detector.It studied the linearity and calculation factors of the benzene and the benzene series.Results: Regarding peak area as the foundation,linear regression turned all right,it can be accurate fixed the amounts;the benzene,toluene,ethyl benzene,(m,p)-xylene,o-xylene calculation factors respectively for 6.266×10-4、6.527×10-4、6.647×10-4、 5.599×10-4、7.120×10-4.From the students dormitories,dining rooms,restaurants,super markets for Zhejiang forestry University proceeds measurement,results showed that in the above places the benzene concentration measured were all less than 0.09mg/m3,the total concentration of benzene series is far less 0.9mg/m3.


A 100-Gbit/s 1:2 demultiplexer (DEMUX) has been developed using InP HBT technology. The IC features broadband impedance matching with double terminations and transmission lines with a low phase constant in the data and clock distributions to obtain high signal quality and a large timing margin. Excellent eye diagrams with 550-mVp-p output voltage swings and 600-fs rms jitter were obtained. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest data rate operation yet reported. Moreover, error-free operation for 231 - 1 at 100-Gb/s has been achieved


Aboriginal teacher education is a distinctive educational activity. How distinctive Aboriginal teacher education needs to be and the forms it might take are a matter for action research (McTaggart and Garbutcheon-Singh, 1986) by Aboriginal teachers, their communities, and teacher educators working in Aboriginal schools, and from teacher education instititions. But there is experience available from which it is reasonable to propose some general principles which should guide immediate efforts in Aboriginal teacher education. The pedagogical principles outlined below come from an action research project in Aboriginal teacher education conducted in the Northern Territory over the last two years. The project is known as D-Bate, the Deakin-Batchelor Aboriginal Teacher Education Program, a joint project of Batchelor College in the Northern Territory and the School of Education of Deakin University in Geelong, Victoria.


To all our readers, we are delighted to welcome you to the fifteenth volume of Future Neurology. We are also excited to welcome you to the second Open Access issue of the journal. Since the launch of this title, we have continued to publish high-quality scientific research and commentary, and the open access model will allow us to share our great content with an even bigger audience. 2019 was another exciting year for Future Neurology with the continued publication of timely, high quality manuscripts. We are proud to present some of our content highlights within this article. We would also like to take this opportunity to thank all of our valued Editorial Board members, readers and contributors for their continued support. As we move into 2020, we very much look forward to seeing the journals continuous progression and development.


Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) video streaming is a growing and increasingly important data traffic type in wireless and mobile networks. Experiments have shown that the quality of experience (QoE) of this service strongly depends on the number of playback interruptions. This paper proposes a QoE-oriented packet scheduling algorithm to reduce the pauses during video playback in a wireless environment. Both channel quality and the amount of video data stored in the player buffer are considered in the process of resource allocation. The proposed scheme is simulated and examined in an LTE mobile network. Simulation results show a significant improvement of the QoE, and the number of pauses during video playback decreases by 50% in the proposed scheme compared with that in the other solutions.


Jeremy Richardson and Sonia Mazey (Eds), European Union: Power and Policy Making. New York: Routledge, 2015, pp. xiv + 492, ₹2,289. ISBN: 978-0-415-71552-2.


IntroductionAssessment is a systematic process of obtaining information from psychological instruments and other sources used to draw inferences about characteristics of people. Assessment goals include screening, diagnosis and progress evaluation. A screening assessment is usually concise and is administered to identify individuals who have a disorder in need of remediation or may require further comprehensive evaluation. A diagnostic assessment targets one or more areas of functioning. It may address a specific diagnostic referral question (e.g. does the individual exhibit Internet addictive behavior?) and it involves making suggestions for intervention. A progress evaluation assessment focuses on the effectiveness of intervention procedures through time.A comprehensive assessment for the detection of Internet addictive behaviors includes conducting a clinical interview usually in conjunction with a standardized assessment instrument, to examine several areas of functioning and to determine differential and co morbid conditions. The purpose of this review is to summarize current information on the assessment of Internet addictive behavior. Specifically, in this review we look at the general assessment process, the clinical interview as well as various measures of Internet addictive behavior.Clinical interviewDetecting Internet addictive behaviors upon clinical interview can be challenging (1). In the case of adolescents, obtaining reliable information from multiple sources is of critical importance. An interview should be conducted with an adolescent client first, prior to gathering data from the parents. Most of the interview techniques implemented with adults can be employed with adolescents, depending on their level of maturity. Individual interviews could be further followed-up with a family interview to gather information about interactions between family members.The recommended format for the clinical interview includes history-taking (chief complaint, history of present illness, personal, family and social histories) and mental status examination in an age- appropriate manner (2). Questions about alcohol and drug use and about a family history of addiction need to be addressed. In the context of the initial interview, information regarding the extent and nature of Internet use is collected. Particular attention should be given to chronologically trace the initiation of Internet use, progress, maintenance factors and moderation efforts (2).A semi-structured interview style is recommended, giving adolescents an opportunity to convey information in their own words, and also providing a comprehensive list of questions (e.g., 'How much time do you spend online daily or weekly?' 'What are your favorite applications or activities online?') In addition, symptoms of addiction need to be assessed, such as salience (craving), tolerance, preoccupation and persistence. The effect of Internet use on one's academic and interpersonal contexts can be further examined, for example: 'Have you used the Internet excessively to the extent of neglecting other activities?' Importantly, what adolescents do online needs to be assessed; creating personas, romantic relationships, and gaming can take on a variety of forms. As already indicated, it is important to corroborate obtained data from additional sources, such as the adolescent's parents or guardians, relatives, and teachers.Internet addictive behaviors are seldom detected in isolation and thus psychological co morbidity needs to be further assessed. Commonly found co-occurring disorders in adolescence include both internalizing and externalizing problems (3 - 9). Notably prior to labeling an individual as presenting with Internet addictive behavior, it should be evidenced that such behavior does not stem from an underlying condition, for example, a mood or psychotic disorder.An adolescent's motivation to address their Internet addictive behavior needs to be further assessed. …


In this work two solvers are compared for solution of the system of equations arising from the extended method of fundamental solutions. This method is a combination of the method of fundamental solutions (MFS) and the dual reciprocity method (DRM). The stationary and non-stationary elliptic partial differential equations with variable coefficients are considered. For the nonstationary case a finite difference time discretisation is used. Two sets of basis functions are used, a fundamental solution for the considered operator and a radial basis function (RBF) approximation for the particular solution, in particular the multiquadric (MQ) functions. A direct solver using a high number of digits and an indirect solver based on truncated singular value decomposition (TSVD) were used and compared. The method is tested for different values of the shape parameter in the MQ basis functions.


Objective To compare the clinical features of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (PT-) and the smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PT+),and analyze the patient discovery way,to provide clues for early detection of smear-negative tuberculosis diagnosis.Methods We collected the data of the tuberculosis patients consecutively enrolled in our hospital from 2011-2013.We then divided the patients into two groups as PT-group and PT+ group based on the bacteriology examination results and performed comparative analysis between the two groups.Results PT-group had mild clinical symptoms and lower frequencies of cough,expectoration and fever while compared to PT+ group.Tuberculosis cavity also had statistical significant difference between PT-and PT+ groups.Furthermore,seeing a doctor in medical institutions and health examination were the main ways for tuberculosis patient discovery.Conclusion Smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis was difficult for diagnosis because of their mild or even no clinical symptoms and without focus specificity,which could easily lead to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.Non-tuberculosis medical institutions should pay more attention and people' s annual routine health examination should be recommended for smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis early detection.

Key words:
Smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis;  Early detection


This study was carried out to find the effect on growing media and proper time for water supply in rice seedling stages. Plant height of rice seedling for SIPAN-BRL among current several growing medias was higher in Chuchungbyeo than Ilpumbyeo, and that of root length was higher in check among used growing medias. Fresh and dry weight of shoot and root of two rice cultivar. Water time to absorption on each treatment of growing media concentration took similarly in SIPAN-BNH and check were similar. But 500 minutes did in 100ppm and did 370 and 470minute in 300 and 500ppm, respectively. Wilting time of rice seedling was appeared highly at 300ppm of SIPAN-BRL in Chuchungbyeo and 100ppm of SIPAN-BRL in Ilpumbyeo, while it prolonged at 300ppm in Chuchungbyeo and 500ppm in Ilpumbyeo, respectively. Water content at wilting stage was appeared highly at SIPAN-BRL 500ppm in both Chuchungbyo and Ilpumbyeo, while SIPAN-BNL was high in 300ppm of Chuchung- byeo and Ilpumbyeo, respectively. Plant and root length of SIPAN-BNL treated with 300ppm in 10day-rice seedling were highly appeared, while dry weight of shoot was high at 300ppm SIPAN-BNL.


This paper applies a two-step approach for texture classification by combining Manifold learning with Deep CNN feature extractors. The first step is to use CNN architecture to compute the feature vector of a given image. The second step is to apply Manifold Learning algorithms on the features computed in the first step to making a refined feature vector. Eventually, this final representation is used to train SVM classifier. In the first step, we adopted VGG-19 network trained from scratch in order to extract texture features. In the next step, we used the DIMAL (Deep Isometric Manifold Learning Using Sparse Geodesic Sampling) configuration to train a neural network to reduce the dimensionality of the feature space in a nonlinear manner for generating the refined feature vector of the input image. Our concept is that the combination of a deep-learning framework with manifold learning techniques has the potential to select discriminative texture features from a high dimensional space. Based on this idea, we adopted this combination to perform nonlinear feature extraction in texture images. The resulting learned features were then used to train SVM classifier. The experiments demonstrated that our approach achieved better accuracy in texture classification than existing models if trained from scratch.


The paper gives solution of a type of variable parameter C D production function by stochastic approximation method, thus extends greatly ability of its economic analysis and increases accuraly of forecast.


In language coaching and gaining knowledge of, we've got loads to select from the sector of generation: audio, TV, CD Rom, Computers, C.A.L.L., the Internet, Electronic Dictionary, Email, Blogs and Audio Cassettes, Power Point, Videos, DVD's or VCD's. Technology has modified the dynamics of diverse industries, and has additionally encouraged the the manner human beings engage and paintings withinside the society. This speedy growing and improvement of statistics era has supplied a higher sample to discover the brand new coaching version. As a end result era performs a totally vital position in English coaching. Using multimedia to create a context to train English has its particular advantages. The instructors can have interaction the freshmen to grow to be professional at English Language through the usage of the revolutionary ELT strategies like English songs, movie, clippings, dramatics, advertisements, sports activities commentaries and plenty of extra. This paper stresses at the want to make English language training smooth and exciting thru revolutionary ELT techniquesby using a scope review study methodology, which is a literature review process between new theories and ideas, so this paper talk about definition and development of technology, use of generation in coaching English, the boom of elt via generation, and advantages of the use of generation in the classroom.


Aim According to the city′s ecological development idea,To build a new system of city ecological purchasing power.Methods Change the many units of ecological congtruction management to single unit of ecological purchasing company and render an account system to purchasing system.Results From signing ecological purchasing and environmental protection protocol which make rights and interests clear,and the consciousness of the people engaged in management is enhanced.Conclusion In city′s ecological development,ecological purchasing project is an effective method to implement.


The second half of the research project was mainly concerned with the practical application of a proposed design procedure to promote design consistency, harmonize operating speed and design speed, and evaluate the effect of lane widening projects on two-lane rural highways. The effect of "tangent length" on operating speeds between successive curves is addresses for the first time in the present design procedure. A methodology is presented for measuring the consistency of horizontal design as defined by operating speed and accident expectations. Operating speeds and accident rates can be predicted for various lane widths based upon degree of curve and posted recommended speeds. Guidelines for changes in operating speeds and acceptable accident rates are suggested and various nomographs developed to evaluate consistency or inconsistency of roadway sections based upon their design parameters.


Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) has been widely used in various industries due to its unique physical properties. However, PET causes major environmental problems globally due to its low degrada...


Recently, fundamental manufacturing industry such as casting foundry, plasticity, welding etc. is rise to concerned. This study is the analysis of using structural equation method in order to verify the significant activation factor of quality management activities and the effect on business performance in fundamental manufacturing industry. To perform this research, we surveyed CEOs, managers, workers working for manufacturing business. We analysed valid 357 questionnaires that we could use for this research using SPSS 15.0 and AMOS 18.0. The results through this research is following. First, we verified the relationship between organizational supports and employee's participation to quality management activity, we could get the result that positive influence on to interrelation. Second, we analysed that organizational supports had a meaningful effect on not process performance but business performance. Third, we found that employee's participation to quality management activity had a significant to business performance, and process performance had a meaningful effect to business performance.


Distributed Data-intensive Web service composition (DWSC) aims to find service compositions with multiple conflicting objectives, i.e. minimising response time and cost. Additionally, it often needs to satisfy user-defined QoS constraints, i.e. budget constraints or response time constraints. To solve QoS-constrained multi-objective distributed DWSC problems we propose a knowledge-based repair method for NSGA-II to effectively and efficiently search for Pareto-optimal service composition solutions that satisfy QoS constraints. Experiments show that our method outperforms an existing state-of-the-art repair method on several commonly used on standard benchmark datasets.


Objectives: To assess level of awareness and pattern of utilizing family planning services among women (15-49 years) of reproductive age at Urban Health Center, Azizabad Sukkur, Sindh. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2005 at Urban Health Care Center Azizabad Sukkur. Two hundred women of reproductive age group were interviewed by using a pre tested semi structured questionnaire visiting the health care center during the study period. Information was obtained after taking informed consent regarding socio demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude and pattern of utilizing family planning services. The data was entered and analyzed by using statistical package SPSS version 13. Results: About 75% of women and 42.5% husbands were found illiterate, 85% women were housewives, 69.5% were married before18 years of age and 54% had nuclear family. Regarding desired number of children women responded one child (3%), 2-3 children (11%), 4-5 (37.5%), more than five children (36%), 5.5% said that children are God gifted and 7% did not answer. About 60% of women reported use of at least one contraceptive method and 40% had never used any contraceptive method. The women who received counseling from the health care provider were 48.5% and only 6% received information through media. Religious prohibition, shortage of female staff and cost of family planning contraceptive methods were the main reasons identified for not utilizing contraceptive methods. The unsatisfactory variables were long waiting hours at the center, non-availability of contraceptive, shortage of the female staff and cost. Conclusion: Limited number of women was aware and practice contraception in the area and utilization of family planning services were low. The efforts should be made for providing information to couple and improving quality of family planning services in the area.


In the regulated community there is often concern as to whether mass removal at a contaminated site actually reduces risk, or whether the small risk reductions achieved warrant the large costs incurred. Decision-makers have to select feasible solutions based on the required risk reduction, costs of the remediation and environmental impact. Thus, a correct risk evaluation has to assess exposure according the required time frame and the characteristics of the process. In order to assess more accurately the affects of time and space in risk assessment, a new framework for quantifying short/long-term risk reduction was developed. In particular the research study highlights the following two innovative aspects: 1. A new approach for risk assessment, related to long-term in-situ remediation activities, and according to the land use and future land planning. 2. An analysis and evaluation of the overall costs related to remediation activities and redesign of the land use. The paper reports a study case of a site contaminated by chlorinated solvents. Different intervention scenarios were investigated in terms of technological control of the plume, potential risk, land-use redesign and costs.


The scientific review presents the data related to the combination of atresia with genetic disorders that must be discussed before the surgery to make a correct decision on the fate of the patient with esophageal atresia.


This volume of Northern Paiute texts is the result of continued collaborative relationships between members of several Northern Paiute (Western Numic; Uto-Aztecan) speech communities and two linguists who have nearly 30 years of combined experience working on the language. The resulting documentary resource provides varied samples of naturally occurring speech—narratives recorded and analyzed by the editors as part of their own fieldwork as well as materials recorded of earlier generations of speakers. In one case, materials from three generations of speakers from the same speech community are provided. By providing access in a single volume to previously inaccessible texts from disparate sources and dialects, the editors give a rare and important contribution to the study of cross-dialectal variation for the indigenous languages of North America.


In this work, we examine very briefly a number of Advanced Reconfigurable Physical Unclonable Functions (AR-PUFs) that can be used to enhance the security of devices used for the realisation of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). To this end, we also present two practical lightweight protocols that can be implemented using such AR-PUFs on IoT and CPS devices, in order to significantly enhance their security, even allowing the security of such devices to be restored after they have been compromised.


This thesis will aim to investigate the extent to which Tracey Rose's Ciao Bella can be said to allegorically perform a dialectical enfolding of the dichotomous categories of meaning/nonmeaning; image/text; past/present and original/translation. The dual concepts of performance and performativity will be utilized as a means to explore the notion of interpretation as a meaning-making process and as an engagement between artist, artwork and viewer that is necessarily open-ended and in a state of constant change and flux. Rose's performance of Ciao Bella will be read as one that questions the illusion of unmediated representation by parodying and creatively misreading a multiplicity of visual, textual and musical representations so as to foreground the politics of representation. The representational figure of allegory, as one that defines itself in opposition to the Romantic conception of the unified symbol, will be put to work so as to reveal the ways in which Rose's performance works to critically undermine various positivistic attitudes toward self-identity, gender, race, politics, history, authorial intention and interpretation.


Background: The extract (CPLSB) from the smokebush (Cotinus coggygria) leaves is recommended as the endodontic irrigation solution, and its purified fraction contains mainly hydrolyzable tannins (PFTLSB). Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to define the safety margins as well as the potential irritative and allergenic effects of a polyphenol-containing extract (CPLSB) from the smokebush (Cotinus coggygria) leaves. Methods: The experiments were conducted following the OECD Guidelines for Chemical Testing, followed by probit analysis to precisely establish the median lethal doses (LD50) of CPLSB and PFTLSB. Results: The LD50 of CPLSB following intraperitoneal and oral dosing in mice was found to be 19 mg/kg and 389 mg/kg, respectively. LD50 of PFTLSB in a similar experiment was 46 mg/kg and 720 mg/kg. Both compositions revealed no signs of toxicity, and the absence of local irritative or allergic reactions was observed as well. Conclusions: PFTLSB is safer for the intended use because it appears to be almost twice as non-toxic as CPLSB, the maximum oral irrigant dose of which varies between 7 and 14 mg/kg.


HIGHWAY TON-MILE ESTIMATES ARE USED AS A MEASURE OF HIGHWAY USE AND SERVICE PROVIDED FOR GOODS MOVEMENTS BY HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION. COMPARISONS ARE MADE BETWEEN HIGHWAY SYSTEMS, WITH OTHER MODES OF TRANSPORTATION, WITH PREVIOUS YEARS TO DETERMINE TRENDS, AND BETWEEN SEGMENTS OF THE MOTOR CARRIER INDUSTRY. THIS PAPER DESCRIBES THE PROCEDURES FOR ESTIMATING HIGHWAY TON-MILES, DISCUSSES PROBLEMS INVOLVED IN ANALYSIS, AND COMPARES HIGHWAY TON- MILES WITH SIMILAR VALUES FOR OTHER MODES OF TRANSPORTATION. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON TRUCK TRAVEL OBTAINED DURING 1963 IS ALSO PRESENTED FOR STUDY IN RESOLVING SOME OF THE PROBLEMS. /AUTHOR/


Summary Renal cortical blood flow and superficial cortical blood flow were measured in chronic sodium-loaded, sodium-deprived, and normal rats. Neither total renal cortical blood flow or distribution of cortical blood flow was different among the three groups of animals. Alterations in the amount of sodium excreted, therefore, are not related to alterations of renal cortical blood flow distribution.


In the classroom of today, students learning C often have experience in one or more languages such as BASIC, COBOL or Pascal. With the possible exception of students with Assembler skills, many of these individuals stumble when making the change to C. This review of the teaching and learning processes surrounding C highlights areas where students either face misunderstandings or will predictably under-use new features.


We propose an embedded multiprocessor architecture and its associated thread-based programming model. Using a cycle-true simulation model of this architecture, we are able to estimate energy savings for a threaded C program. The savings are obtained by voltage- and frequency-scaling of the individual processors. We port a fingerprint minutiae detection application onto this architecture, and show the resulting performance on single-, dual-, and quad-processor configurations. The energy-scaled quad-processor version results in a 77 % energy reduction over the single-processor non-scaled implementation, at only a 2.2 % degradation in cycle count.


(2001). LIVING WITH ICEBERGS: HANS MAGNUS ENZENSBERGER'S SINKING OF THE TITANIC AS A POST-APOCALYPTIC TEXT. Journal of the Australasian Universities Language and Literature Association: Vol. 96, No. 1, pp. 88-113.


The legend of Adam and Eve was one of the most populär in Europe in the Middle Ages. A Latin text, based on eleven MSS. in Munich and one in Paris, was edited by W. Meyer in 1878 *), L. Katona edited a Latin text based on two incunabula in 1904), and J. H. Mosley edited a Latin text based on twelve MSS. in London, Cambridge, Oxford, and Winchester in 19293). A Middle English poem, entitled Canticum de Creatione (referred to below äs Ox), dealing with the legend of Adam and Eve was edited by Horstmann from the MS. Trin. Coll. Ox 57 in the first volume of Anglia. This poem together with another on the same subject from MS. Auchinl. Edinb. Advoc. Libr. (referred to äs Ed) was published by Horstmann in his Sammlung altenglischer Legenden). Horstmann edited bis texts without reference to the Latin texts on which the English poets worked, and F. Bachmann dealt with the two poems in his Die beiden Versionen des me. Canticum de Creatione) without investigating Latin texts other than those edited by Meyer. The following abbreviations are used in this paper:


This report describes the results of an entomological survey in 2002 to determine the presence of the federally-listed, threatened Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle or ''VELB'' (Desmocerus culifornicus dimorphus: Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) and its elderberry food plant (Sumbucus mexicana: Caprifoliaceae) on the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's (LLNL) Experimental Test Site, known as Site 300. In addition, an area located immediately southeast of Site 300, which is owned and managed by the California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG), but secured by LLNL, was also included in this survey. This report will refer to the survey areas as the LLNL-Site 300 and the CDFG site. The 2002 survey included mapping the locations of elderberry plants that were observed using a global positioning system (GPS) to obtain positional coordinates for every elderberry plant at Site 300. In addition, observations of VELB adults and signs of their infestation on elderberry plants were also mapped using GPS technology. LLNL requested information on the VELB and its elderberry food plants to update earlier information that had been collected in 1991 (Arnold 1991) as part of the 1992 EIS/EIR for continued operation of LLNL. No VELB adults were observed as part of this prior survey. The findings ofmore » the 2002 survey reported herein will be used by LLNL as it updates the expected 2004 Environmental Impact Statement for ongoing operations at LLNL, including Site 300.« less


Issues on the ethnic history and historical geography of Media and Achaemenian Persia are examined in the article, the elucidation of which has a great importance in studying the history of the Persian Empire as well as conquered peoples. The name of Orthokorybantioi means "true priests" and they should be localised in Media. The Parikanioi were the Iranian tribe, from which we have a New Persian pari "fairy, witch, foreign (bad) woman".


Static and dynamic light scattering have been used to investigate the structure of micelles formed from mixed surfactant solutions. Aqueous micellar solutions containing hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (C 16 TAB) and hexaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C 12 E 6 ) have been investigated for this purpose at C 16 TAB mole fraction =0.55. The results indicate, that as with some pure cationic surfactant systems, adding salt (KBr) to the mixed surfactant solutions initiates unidirectional growth to form elongated micelles. These micellar aggregates are not completely rigid but appear to develop some flexibility at higher salt concentrations. The growth of the micelles is primarily attributed to the screening effect that KBr exerts on the cationic surfactant headgroups. Micelle growth also occurs on increasing the surfactant concentration where salt is present. At the so-called crossover surfactant concentration, indicated by a decrease in scattering intensity and an increase in the apparent diffusion coefficient, overlap of micelle chains to form an entangled structure is possible. The onset of micelle growth is discussed in terms of scaling behavior and micelle dynamics


Abstract In 18 patients with cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, lymphokine‐activated killer (LAK) cell activity was studied and compared with that of healthy subjects. After cultivation with 103 iu/mL of recombinant interleukin‐2, the cytotoxicity of patients' lymphoid cells was increased from 13.6 ±6.8% to 76.2 ±19.5% against Daudi cells and from 12.8 ±8.1% to 76.2 ±19.5% against K‐562 cells.


Objective Investigate the apoptogenic activities of quercetin on SW480 cells.Methods Annexin V-FITC/PI stained fluorescence-activated cell sorter(FACS) was used to detcted the apotosis rate,Immunocytochemistry was used to examine cellular localisation and hexokinase protein levels.Results quercetin produced dose-dependent inhibition of SW480 cell growth and induced its apoptosis,the expressions of hexokinase proteins were down regulated by quercetin.Conclusion The quercetin induce SW480 cells apoptosis through downregulation of hexokinase


ABSTRACT Standard accounts of the politics of the Eurozone often emphasize the importance of German leadership. But this assumes that Europe's fate is in the hands of Berlin. Events in Paris matter equally, or more, because Germany cannot take on the leadership of Europe by itself. It is recognized in both countries that a fundamental condition for the proper functioning of the duopoly is proximate parity in the rapport de force. But four events have undermined equality between France and Germany: the latter's unification, the distributional effects of the common currency, the eastward expansion of the EU, and the debt crisis of 2011–2012. Emmanuel Macron's challenge is to reverse France's déclassement and restore it to a position of proximate equality with Germany. If he fails, the asymmetry between Germany and France will increase, and the resulting skewed power structure will undermine the chances of needed reform initiatives.


Abstract. Co-digestion trials of beef cattle manure and waste kitchen oil (WKO) were conducted to evaluate potential increase of biogas production for a local beef farm anaerobic digester. The trials were conducted using laboratory-scale, semi-continuously loaded digesters under mesophilic conditions, with 21-day hydraulic retention time (HRT). In a preliminary test, WKO was added at 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% by volume, each with replicate digesters (n=2), except for the 0% level, which had one digester (n=1). Methane (CH4) yield per week increased linearly with WKO levels. Populations of bacteriodetes decreased, while clostridiales and synergistales increased with the WKO levels. A second test was conducted using treatments with more replication: control (n=3), and 1.0% (n=3) and 2% (n=3) WKO levels. Methane yields of the 1.0% and 2.0% WKO levels were 79.1% and 203% higher than the control, respectively. Addition of WKO have resulted in changes of the metagenomics of the digesters. Populations of clostridiales increased, while bacteroidales and euryarchaeota methanomicrobia YC-E6 decreased with the WKO levels. The findings confirm adding low amounts (1% and 2%) of WKO as co-digestion feedstock can be an effective way to increase CH4 yield for beef operation anaerobic digestion, especially when there are available feedstock nearby. Keywords: Anaerobic digestion, Biogas, Methane, Semi-continuous digesters.


Botnets, banking malware and other high-tech crimes are increasingly analyzed by criminological scholars. Their distributed and automated nature poses however various theoretical challenges. This article presents an alternative approach, denoted as the 'cyborg crime' perspective, which adopts a more hybrid view of networks and also assigns an active role to technology. The value of this approach is demonstrated by reflecting on findings from earlier empirical work that analyzes conversations between cybercriminals involved in botnets and related activities. The research shows that technological nodes can take an important position in the organizational structure of cybercriminal networks and do not merely have a functional role. Viewing technology as an actor within a criminal network might offer new criminological insights in both the composition of these networks and how to disrupt them.


Processes are provided to produce a dilute ethylene stream and a dilute propylene stream from a cracked gas stream. One process comprises separating the cracked gas stream to produce a C3 stream and a C3 stream; hydrogenating the C2 stream in a hydrogenation zone to remove a portion of the acetylene to produce the dilute ethylene stream and routing the C3 stream to storage or other process unit. Another process comprises separating a cracked gas stream in a depropanizer zone to form a C3 stream and a C4 stream; separating the C3 stream in a deethanizer zone to form a C2 and a C3 stream; hydrogenating a portion of the acetylene in the C2 stream in a hydrogenation zone to produce a dilute ethylene stream; and routing the C3 stream to storage or other process unit.


This article adopts the maximum carrying population to develop a model of water resources carrying capacity in the Guangxi Beibu Gulf economic zone, considering its water resources available,existing development and utilization of water resources, and water demand per capita. We also present an evolution analysis of this capacity over the period of 2005-2030 using an indicator of water resources overload degree. The results show that on the premise of rational use, the water resources carrying capacity in this zone is good overall, but that in Beihai city and Nanning city is already in overload. On the premise of maximum utilization, the capacity is overall in much surplus, but it will be overloaded in Nanning after 2020.


In "The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy and Science of Addiction" Robert West highlights a pervasive challenge for more conceptual clarity and consensus within the field of addiction studies. In an attempt to address the challenge I provide the conceptual building blocks or architectonic of a metatheory of addiction, referred to as the Integrated Metatheoretical Model of Addiction (IMMA). The IMMA is not a general theory of addiction, but rather an exploratory attempt at providing the architectonic of an metaparadigmatic heuristic, that may potentially provide the conceptual scaffolding needed for developing a general theory of addiction


Ships are always prone to fatigue through high periodic loads, usually caused by waves and changing load conditions. So, fatigue is an important factor in design. One of the reasons for fatigue in welding parts is variable bending loads. In this paper, a specimen of low-carbon steel T-Bar profiles is used, along with plates of the same type of steel that have been welded by the manual electrode welding process. To determine the distribution of static and dynamic forces created by welding, the specimens were subjected to bending (three-point loading) and tensile tests, and finally fatigue tests. The T-Bar Steel profile has more tolerance for fatigue loads than welded. The load T-Bar profile has not failed until the two million cycles, while the welding specimen has failed in about 3×10 cycles. Finally, strong penetrating welds should be used if a stronger welding joint is required.


This chapter explains how electoral reform can happen in America. Nobody doubts American politics is broken. Poll after poll confirms a deeply discontented electorate. However, there is less agreement around a solution. Americans seem to agree they want more parties. However, few Americans understand the institutional reasons why more parties do not emerge: The first-past-the-post electoral system. Absent this understanding, Americans are unlikely to demand electoral reform. Instead, they will keep blaming politicians for responding to the incentives the political system demands, and continue to be disappointed. As such, it is urgent that people make the connection between electoral reform and more parties. The encouraging news is that Americans may now be unusually open to institutional reforms. Politicians may also be open to reform; they do not like the system either. Ultimately, America must end the winner-take-all system of elections that is powering the two-party doom loop. The future of American democracy depends on it.


As a new praxis emerges, in Access to Information in Africa for the first time African scholars and practitioners reflect on recent advances on the continent, as well as the obstacles that must still be overcome if greater public access to information is to make a distinctive contribution to Africa's democratic and socio-economic future.


In this work, a simple iteration-based approach is proposed for calibration and characterization of the frequency, phase and transmit power relationship in a smart antenna Radio Frequency (RF) beamforming frontend, which has a very low computational complexity. The RF frontend has been experimentally calibrated, and the beamforming results are verified with the $4\times 4$ phased array. The RF frontend has been built using off-the-shelf components for easy realization. The proposed architecture with the closed-loop monitoring and control such as the power control (Pctrl), power detection (Pdet), in addition to the phase control allows an automatic calibration of the beamforming weights, which forms a necessary process to ensure the accuracy of the antenna array beamforming.


An article entitled "The Development of Regulatory Small Loan Laws" by this author in the 194I Winter issue of Law and Contemporary Problems dealt with the development of regulatory small loan laws during the period ending about I940. The purpose of the present article is to review subsequent developments in the same general field. It cannot cover precisely the same field because the periods I916-I940 and I940-1953 were basically different in significant respects. Some factors carried over but during the latter period the problems arising from the complexities of legitimate consumer lending were added to those of eliminating the illegal high-rate lender. The loan shark problem remains the crux but others have been created.


In the single-phase grid-connected PV system, considering unity power factor operation, the instantaneous output power consists of a pulsating power with twice the frequency oscillation. PV modules give constant power under MPPT control method when the temperature and sunshine intensity is stable. The instantaneous power imbalance between them is usually solved by a large electrolytic capacitor. However, the electrolytic capacitor typically has a limited lifetime. In this paper the principle of power decoupling and the work of a multi-stage single-phase PV grid-connected inverter are analyzed. A novel DC link power decoupling circuit is presented. Simulation results show that the presented decoupling circuit effectively reduces the capacitor value on the DC link, which improves the reliability of inverter and extends its lifetime.


The essential goal for young people in the 1990s is to complete successfully the transition from childhood to adulthood and to attain a degree of independence and self-reliance. Most of us achieve this through education, work and a supported move to the first home of our own. University has traditionally been the route to independence for the more academically gifted and colleges have been aware of the benefits of integrated provision for many years. Removing the drudgery from the basic tasks of finding accommodation, registering for courses and making new friends etc, allows students to concentrate their energy where it's most needed, on their studies. For many more "disadvantaged" young people, some of whom may have been homeless, excluded from school or had family problems, no such structure has existed. Despite a broad range of housing, training/ employment and support services for young people, many are falling through the gaps in the network of provision. The task of overcoming all of the obstacles involved in finding stable accommodation, adequate training, a job, appropriate support, a group of friends and accessible leisure services is often beyond the grasp of those who are ill-equipped with the necessary confidence and life skills. Others are getting caught in traps such as the No-home, No-job, No-home cycle, or the benefits trap.


Differential pressure measuring transducer with an overload protection system for its movement with at least one sensor, wherein the measuring unit is connected by pressure-tight electrical feedthroughs with data processing means and wherein the measuring element is acted upon by a spatially isolated from the process fluid pressure transmitter, characterized in that a planar multi-layered structure consisting of insulating and mutually insulated conductive layers (21 to 26 and 11 to 17) is provided, the insulating and conductive layers (21 to 26 and 11 to 17) partly mutually overlapping recesses (31 to 38), in which the measuring element (60) and the measured value processing means (80) are housed, and that at least one of the layers (21 to 26 and 11 to 17) is a functional component of the overload protection system.


e21142 Background: Different molecular mechanisms of on target and off target primary and secondary resistance have been observed in EGFR mutant NSCLC patients after first(1st), second(2nd) and third (3rd) generation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs). Next generation sequencing(NGS) offers a comprehensive method of detecting these mechanisms to decide next line of treatment. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 430 samples of NSCLC for primary and secondary resistance to 1st, 2nd and 3rd TKIs. NGS was performed using thermofischer Ion Torrent Oncomine Focus 52 gene Assay. These cases were divided into 4 groups.1)Primary resistance to first and second generation TKIs 2)Primary resistance to 3rd generation TKI 3)Secondary resistance to 1st and 2nd generation TKI 4) Secondary resistance to 3rd generation TKI.Last group was further subgrouped into A when 3rd generation TKI was offered as second line after 1st or 2nd generation TKIs on detection of T790M and subgroup B when it was given as first line. Results: Group1 had 13 cases. There were 2 cases of complex EGFR exon 19 mutation p.Glu746_Leu747delinsValPro, 4 cases of EGFR exon 20 insertion, 1 case of dual EGFR L833V & H835L mutation, 2 cases with EGFR amplification with EGFR exon 19 del and PIK3CA C420_P421del along with EGFR exon 19 del. Four cases had no additional abnormality. Group 2 had 5 cases:1 case had L858R and E709A dual mutation, 2 cases had KRAS G13C and KRAS G12V along with EGFR exon 19 del. One case had EGFR amplification and one case had MET amplification along with EGFR exon 19 del respectively.Group 3 had 34 cases including 10 cases of EGFR L858R and 24 cases of exon 19 deletion.T790M mutation was detected in 8 patients, MET amplification in 7 cases,one case had both T790M and MET amplification. One case lost the primary EGFR exon 19 del. Others mutations detected were KRAS G13C, PIK3CA H1047R, TP53 R213Q and TP53 C242fs. Group3 had 15 cases with 7 cases in subgroup A and 9 cases in subgroup B. In subgroup A T790M mutation was lost in 6 out of 7 cases.One case which lost T790M developed ALK translocation.One case of EGFR exon 19 del retained EGFR T790M with EGFR C797S in cis allele. Other mutations detected were PIK3CA E542K and KRAS G12C. In subgroup B one case showed EGFR C797S(both cis and trans) besides the primary EGFR exon 19 del. One case showed BRAF G469A along with EGFR exon 19 del. Other mutations detected were CTNNB1 D32N, KRAS G12V, and PIK3CA E542K. Conclusions: Primary and secondary acquired resistance is unavoidable in EGFR mutant advanced NSCLC on any generation of TKIs. NGS offers an advantage in diagnosing mechanism of resistance for further choice of therapy.


Energy in the 15.5 trillion cu ft of marketed natural gas production during 1964 exceeded the energy contained in any other mineral energy resource produced and was nearly 35 per cent of the total energy produced in the United States. The gross investment in natural gas gathering, transmission, and distribution pipelines and related facilities currently approximates $27 billion. Modern transmission systems are constructed of solidly welded pipe, of 65,000 psi or more minimum yield, 30-42 in. in diameter, for operation at pressures ranging from 1,000 to 1,500 psig. Many new natural gas distribution systems are utilizing thin-wall steel pipe and plastic pipe, which may have much wider application in the future. The transmission of natural gas at minimum cost generally is attained by a system in which pipe diameter and operating pressure are maximum for the minimum wall thickness which will comply with safety standards. Future technological improvements probably will involve pipe with larger diameters and thinner walls, made of higher minimum-yield steel; operation at higher pressures; internal coatings; automatic welding of pipe joints; and greater utilization of gas-powered turbines and centrifugal compressors.


Abstract Finite element models derived from micro-CT images can be used for modelling of the actual material geometry and prediction of mechanical properties. The primary direction of anisotropy in a composite material is determined by the orientation of fibres, which can be calculated by means of the structure tensor. This paper presents results on direct conversion of a 3D micro-CT image into the finite element model with anisotropic local mechanical properties of the reinforcement.


The Pytch programming environment is a system to help learners at a crucial stage in computing education. The transition from block-based to text-based programming is widely recognised as a challenge. Pytch's unique contribution in addressing this is the preservation of the Scratch-style programming model within a Python programming environment. Here we report on work to investigate the effectiveness of Pytch as a tool to support learners' motivation and our plans to enhance its classroom readiness.


If the cement mixing pile can not achieve the design deepth and the bottom of the pile higer than the bottom of foundation pit,the composite soil nailing wall is adopted as the supporting structure.Combined with a specific engineering example,the problem faced in the design is pointed,and the principle of design and construction method is explained in this paper,which can give reference to similarity engineering.


Norminalization is the main source from which grammar metaphor derives.Norminalization is significant in that it reorganizes information structures in clause and text.This paper studies its functions,such as formality,objectivity,economy,precision and cohesion realized by nominalizing metaphor in a discourse.Mastery of metaphor helps to achieve better understanding of a discourse.


Objective To discuss on the cause of re-operation after laparoscopy cholecystectomy(LC) and the operative and preventive measures. Methods In our hospital it has conducted 1 780 cases of LC operation during May, 1992 to May, 2001, among which 15 have been re-operated. 447 out of 1 780 cases of LC operation were performed during May, 1992 to Dec, 1995 and 10 of them were re-operated. 1 333 out of 1 780 cases of LC operation were performed during January, 1996 to May, 2001 and 5 of them were re-operated. During this period another 3 cases of re-operation after LC operation were transferred from other hospitals. Our team performed all together 18 cases of re-operations after LC operation. Of the 18 cases, 6 are male and 12 female, aging from 22~78, with average age being 52.2. Clinic analysis of re-operation on these 18 cases was conducted. Results The re-operation rate is 0.84% among them there were due to biliary passage injury 3 cases, biliary fistula 5 cases , residual gallstone in common bileduct 6 cases, metastatic cancer implanted on from perforated abdominal wall 2 cases and symptomatic inflammatory cystic duct stump 2 cases.All cases of re-operations recovered but 1 died from widespread metastasia of gallbladder carcinoma. ConclusionMany causes of re-operation are related with LC complications and most of them are discovered during operation. A small number of complications are quite dormant that are not discovered during operation and others are treated improperly,requiring the re-operation. Faults in selection indication and operative procedure are also the important causes of re-operation. In order to reduce the re-operation rate it suggests that the restrsted selection of indications and operative procedure , avoidance and proper management of complication,are the important principles should be followed.


......................................................................................................... II Declaration ................................................................................................... VI Preface ......................................................................................................... VII Acknowledgements ...................................................................................... X Table of contents ........................................................................................ XII List of figures ............................................................................................. XVI List of tables .............................................................................................. XVII Publications and presentations related to this work ............................ XVIII Publications in peer reviewed journals ....................................................................... XVIII Research presentations at national and international conferences ..................... XIX Abbreviations ............................................................................................. XXI CHAPTER 1 : Introduction ............................................................................ 1 CHAPTER 2 : Objectives ............................................................................... 5 CHAPTER 3 : Myocardial infarction in the "young": Risk factors, presentation, management and prognosis .................................................. 7 3.


In the future, humans will have robot friends that will need to have social and computational awareness for intuitive human-robot interactions. In this paper, we demonstrate a method for incorporating computational awareness in a humanoid robot comedian scenario that uses tactile feedback to respond to the audience. Our findings indicate that incorporating computational awareness in a humanoid robot must also take into account the users' ability to detect responsiveness in a robot.


Satellite observations have revealed that mesoscale sea-surface temperature (SST) perturbations can exert distinct influence on sea-surface wind by modifying the overlying atmospheric boundary layer. Recently, spectral transfer functions have shown to be useful to elucidate the wind response features. Spectral transfer functions can represent spatially lagged responses, their horizontal scale dependence and background wind speed dependence. By adopting the transfer function analysis, the present study explores seasonality and regional differences in the wind response over the major western boundary current regions. Transfer functions estimated from satellite observations are found to be largely consistent among seasons and regions, suggesting that the underlying dominant dynamics are ubiquitous. Nevertheless, the wind response exhibits statistically significant seasonal and regional differences depending on background wind speed. When background wind is stronger (weaker) than 8.5 m s−1, the wind response is stronger (weaker) in winter than in summer. The Agulhas Retroflection region exhibits stronger wind response typically by 30 % than the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio Extension regions. Although observed wind distributions are reasonably reconstructed from the transfer functions and observed SST, surface wind convergence zones along the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio Extension are underrepresented. The state-of-the-art atmospheric reanalysis and regional model represent well the structure of the transfer functions in the wavenumber space. The amplitude is, however, underestimate by typically 30 %. The transfer function analysis can be adapted to many other atmospheric responses besides sea-surface wind, and thus provide new insights into the climatic role of the mesoscale air-sea coupling.


The airplane must meet the airworthiness requirements if certification with ditching provisions is requested. The probable behavior of the airplane ditching must be investigated by model tests or by comparison with airplanes of similar configuration. In this paper, aircraft with high horizontal tail configuration is considered as a research object, then the attitudes of civil aircraft in ditching is studied through a scaled model verification experiment. On this basis, this paper researches the effects of different parameters after ditching into the water, such as initial pitch angle, flap slat configuration and sinking speed. The research results in this paper can help to determine the ditching attitudes and parameters and thus develop strategies for ditching.


Synovial chondromatosis is a rare benign disease of the synovial tissue that can cause joint damage if not properly treated. On the other hand, cam deformity causes friction between the acetabular rim and the femoral neck-head junction, which can lead to chondrolabral damage and, in its natural progression, result in osteoarthritis. The treatment of synovial chondromatosis of the hip is controversial, involving open surgery or arthroscopy, but it should include complete removal of loose bodies and synovectomy to prevent recurrences. In contrast, a cam lesion can often be managed with arthroscopy. We present a clinical case where both conditions were associated and treated with controlled hip dislocation. The choice of controlled dislocation allows for a comprehensive view of the joint and has been successfully used in cases of synovial chondromatosis associated with cam lesions.


This article focuses on some important challenges in the field of multilateral diplomacy that the EU has to confront after the prominent institutional innovations included in the Treaty of Lisbon, and particularly, the creation of the EEAS. More specifically, ten main challenges arte briefly outlined and critically examined. Moreover, the article focuses deliberately on the instrumental dimensions of the EEAS and multilateral institutions, respectively. This implies that the (unique) legal-institutional features will be downplayed in exchange of a strong focus on the political tasks that will keep the EEAS busy for the foreseeable future. Published online : 15 April 2016


This article reads an eroticized intrigue between two ladies-in-waiting in Anthony Hamilton's Jacobite secret history of the Restoration court in light of the ambivalent symbolism of its setting. The bathing closet points to a long tradition of same-sex intimacy at court that Hamilton admires; and yet in conjuring popular orientalist images of homoerotic subjection, that setting also suggests the diminishing impact of such affairs, as absolutist principles and practices lose their political and cultural force in England. Some scholars of early modern sexuality have emphasized the importance of Hamilton's gossipy narration of this episode and his sly treatment of the figure of the hermaphrodite. Attending to the bathing-closet setting, subtly altering our sense of the episode's tone, underscores the political valences of the female courtiers' bond and, more broadly, highlights the value of female favouritism as a category of analysis for the sexual historiography of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.


This paper investigates the effects of monetary rewards on the pattern of research. We build a simple repeated model of a researcher capable to obtain innovative ideas. We analyse how the legal environment affects the allocation of researcher's time between research and development. Although technology transfer objectives reduce the time spent in research, they might also induce researchers to conduct research that is more basic in nature, contrary to what the "skewing problem" would presage. We also show that our results hold even if development delays publication.


When thyristor rectifiers are used for electrical drives, reactive power is produced with fundamental and harmonic frequencies. Especially in single-phase traction lines, with their low short-circuit power, a technical solution of this problem, applicable mainly to thyristor-driven rail cars and locomotives, had to be found. In this paper, the sector-control system of a self-commutated unsymmetrical bridge is described. In the unsymmetrical half-controlled bridge connection, the two thyristors can be quenched by adding a self-commutating device. This attachment (supplement) can be applied to the single bridge or to two bridges in series (sector control). By using this self-commutating attachment, it is possible to shift the fundamental of the current to a leading angle with respect to the voltage. The resultant cos o can be brought to unity or even to leading values.


80 international building projects, all constructed with the same initial aim, were analyzed. The results show that in heating-dominated climates, the efficiency of the passive house concept plays a central role for the implementation in the building practice [Musall 2010]. Figure 1 shows the measured primary energy consumption compared to the credits of energy export for own energy generation. This is a simple method of balancing typically used in the building practice. Most of the buildings remain below the limit of 120 kWh/m²a for their total primary energy demand as specified in the passive house concept (with use of location-based primary energy factors).


The Elementary School Journal Volume 88, Number 5 @ 1988 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. 0013-5984/88/8805-0001 $01.00 This special issue has two major goals: to regenerate research on minorities in elementary schools and to highlight important questions that have been underexplored and deserve greater attention from scholars and educators. Contributors, whose disciplinary bases are anthropology, demography, education, psychology, and sociology, use a variety of methodological approaches to analyze experiences of minorities in elementary schools and changes in school systems and society that have influenced the education of minority students and the careers of minority educators in recent years. As is the case for many research topics, scholars from one discipline or methodological tradition too rarely read the works of those from others. A secondary goal of the issue is to rekindle interdisciplinary interchange around a critical and still problematic concern in American education.


ejd.2011.1522 Auteur(s) : Cheng Zhou, Yan Jin, Dongjie Zang, Jianzhong Zhang* firstname.lastname@example.com Department of Dermatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China Porokeratosis represents a heterogenous group of skin disorders characterized by variably sized papules or plaques with a fine peripheral keratotic rim and central atrophy and the histologic finding of cornoid lamella [1]. Since Mibelli's original description of the plaque form in 1893, many variants have been recognized. [...]


TO THE EDITOR: The timely discussion of malpractice issues [1, 2] was cogent but totally failed to address two major aspects of the liability problem. First is the inhibition of scientific progress and public health, as shown by industry's demands for indemnification of liability risks for research and development [3]. Second, the failure of a workable countersuit available to defendants encourages a proliferation of litigation, as plaintiffs and their attorneys can function without fear of responsibility for filing suits without merit. Corrective legislation in both areas is sorely needed.


Through this study we are presenting a system that intents to support and monitor speech and language development of children with hearing impairment using hearing aids and/or cochlear implants, or children with language delays. The scope is to support children during their daily life. The system is mainly based on a set of applications for Android devices. These applications can be used anywhere the child and the parents are and they include several tasks presented to the child as a game. The main goal is to support sessions being done by the caregivers like reproducing words, sounds, small phrases etc. The system was created based on the four levels targeted during speech and language support sessions (auditory skills, receptive language, expressive language, speech / articulation). The results from system usage are being recorded from a server where specialists can monitor get results and act accordingly in order to improve the child's performance. Initial design and development steps have been completed. The two first levels of the system have been tested on a small group of user with very encouraging results. Furthermore the development of several other modules related to the levels of language development will continue in order to cover all language development levels.


Drug Topics' annual salary survey asks about salary levels and job satisfaction. Can higher pay make up for lost family time, lost peace of mind, and lost self-respect?


Meckel's diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract, present in 1-3% of the general population. Inflammation of the diverticulum can cause peri-appendicular inflammation and be confused with the initial picture of acute appendicitis by clinical history, physical examination and laboratory tests, it is important to be considered a cause of acute intestinal inflammation, especially in cases of appendicitis early


Artificial Intelligence (AI) is very evident in our daily lives and our economy, and it has had an impact on our environment in various ways. The competition to reap its benefits is growing worldwide, and world leaders - the US and Asia - are already taking action. Many people see AI as a way to improve productivity and economic development. It can improve process efficiency and greatly improve decision-making processes by examining large amounts of data. It can also lead to the creation of new products, services, markets, and sectors, leading to increased customer demand and new sources of revenue. Some are concerned that it could lead to the development of large corporations - institutions of wealth and knowledge - that would hurt the entire economy. It has the potential to widen the gap between developed and developing countries, as well as to increase the need for highly skilled workers while firing others; the latest trends can have a profound effect on the labor market. Experts also worry that inequality could worsen, reduce wages, and lower the tax base. The aim of this study was to learn how artificial intelligence is used in today's economy and what society thinks about its use.


The invention discloses a method for lichee fresh-keeping by epigallocatechin gallate. The method comprises the following steps of a, harvesting lichee fruits which have a maturity degree of 80-90% and no mechanical injuries and insect diseases on a sunny day, and b, immersing the lichee fruits in a fresh-keeping solution for 0.5-5min, drying the fresh-keeping solution on the surfaces of the lichee fruits in air, and carrying out packaging and storage, wherein the fresh-keeping solution comprises 0.05-2wt% of an epigallocatechin gallate solution. The lichee treated by the method does not decay easily in storage and conveying, has the appearance which has no obvious change, and has a reduced browning index and a commodity rate improved by 15-50%. Therefore, the method greatly improves a lichee economic value. The method can be used for fresh-keeping of granulated sugar oranges, banana and papaya.


In this letter, we characterize the degrees of freedom (DoF) of the K≥ 3 user Gaussian interference network with a cognitive helper where each node is equipped with a single antenna. Specifically, the users send independent messages to their corresponding receiver through their own antenna and via the help of the cognitive helper. For this network, we show that the sum DoF value is upper bounded by (K+1)/2 when K is odd and K2/2(K+1) when K is even, respectively. While the new DoF upper bounds are simply derived based on the fact that cooperation among users does not decrease the capacity region, we provide a new achievable scheme to obtain a total of (K+1)/2 DoF for any K≥ 3. Thus, we establish that the exact sum DoF value of the network is given as (K+1)/2, whenever K is odd. The new achievable scheme is based on interference neutralization and asymptotic interference alignment.


We consider functions mapping non-negative integers to non-negative real numbers such that a and a+n are mapped to values at least 1/n apart. In this paper we use a novel method to construct such a function. We conjecture that the supremum of the generated function is optimal and pose some unsolved problems.


544-1 Targeted or prescription grazing describes a method of manipulating foraging animals to achieve a desired effect. The difference between good grazing management and targeted grazing is the refocus of outcomes from livestock production (pounds of meat) to ecological and vegetative enhancement (Launchbaugh and Walker 2006). As with any grazing system, it is important to first determine what the problem(s) is and define a set of achievable goals and objectives based on the desired outcome(s). A land manager and livestock producer must recognize not all goals will be synergistic, and some may even be antagonistic. For example, it may not be possible to graze yearlings to reduce cheatgrass and obtain 2 pounds of gain per head per day without supplemental feeding. Land managers can use grazing animals to manipulate range vegetation by adjusting timing and stocking rates, modifying livestock behavior, and/or changing the types and classes of livestock used.


Optimum seal selection with respect to vacuum performance, RF electrical performance, life, cost, reliability, and case of installation is of primary importance. This report summarizes an investigation of metallic vacuum seals including the C-seal, energized spring seal, Helicoflex copper delta seal, aluminum delta seal, delta seal with limiting ring, and a prototype copper diamond seal. This study was conducted to support the drift tube linac (DTL) and coupled cavity linac (CCL) design efforts for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) project. A series of vacuum leak rate tests using necessary reduced thickness flange designs has been completed. Copper plated stainless steel flanges, necessary for flanged joints intersecting RF cavities, have also been studied and tested. Detailed structural modeling of the CCL bridge coupler seal and flange has also been completed to verify flange structural integrity and appropriate seal compressive loading.


Algorithms for calculating neutron-capture nucleosynthesis in the context of low-mass AGB stars are presented. The primary neutron source is the (C-13)(alpha, n) O-16 reaction which is activated in the convective shell of an AGB star having the characteristics found in stellar model calculations. It is shown that a one-zone model is useful for obtaining estimates of the consequence of neutron-capture nucleosynthesis; for a typical pulse, this zone has a temperature of about 1.36 x 10 to the 8th K and a density of about 34,400 g/cu cm. This compares with a temperature of 1.50 x 10 to the 8th K and a density of 40,000 g/cu cm at the base of the convective shell. Each neutron release episode lasts for about 10 yr and, if C-13 is introduced into the convective shell at a constant rate, the mean neutron number density during most of this episode is shown by a given expression. 19 refs.


The invention provides hydrogel materials suitable for use in wound dressings and the like, materials obtained from the modified copolymers of poly (alkyl-preferably methyl vinyl ether / maleic anhydride). reactive modifiers are selected from amines or alcohols having from 3 to 7 carbon atoms and a terminal vinyl group which may be crosslinked with other such modifying agents or with intermediate difunctional coagents. The invention also describes a process for crosslinking initiated by Redox and continuous casting of the hydrogel on a suitable support, the resulting product used as dressings.


Preface Introduction 1. The language of symmetry 2. A delightful fiction 3. Double spirals and Mobius maps 4. The Schottky dance 5. Fractal dust and infinite words 6. Indra's necklace 7. The glowing gasket 8. Playing with parameters 9. Accidents will happen 10. Between the cracks 11. Crossing boundaries 12. Epilogue Index Road map.


An on-line monitoring method for the changing circulatation gap of the steam turbine is disclosed that comprises the steps: acquiring data, calculating the flux of the main steam, correcting parameters of the regenerative system, correcting the primary parameter and the end parameter, designing the parameter fitting in operating mode and diagnosing the augment of circulating gap. The main steam flux of the steam turbine can be obtained by computer from the main steam temperature and pressure of the main steam, the regenerative steam temperature and pressure, the vacuum condenser, the temperature and pressure in each of the regenerative exhaust points, the water temperature of the ports, the drain temperature and the water flux of condensate, the flux value of the cooling water of the superheater and the reheater when the steam turbine is running. Based on the heat balance diagram in the operating mode of the steam turbine, the temperature, pressure and the internal efficiency ratio of the regenerative ports in the condition of the main steam are contrasted with the real temperature, pressure and the internal efficiency ratio of the regenerative ports to realize the on-line monitoring for the changing circulatation gap of the steam turbine. The method is scientific to realize the automatical on-line monitoring and exact fault diagnosis.


The essay explores the world of Jurisprudential Legal ethics, which ever closer claims the status of jurisprudential issue deeply woven into the contemporary debate about the concept and the nature of law. The paper briefly explores the leading jurisprudential theories about the lawyer's role, in attempt to outline that the conceptualization of the lawyers' role and the nature of their professional commitments are both a function of the concept of law we adopt, mainly focusing on the "positivist turn" in legal ethics. In the conclusive section the paper I address the abuse-of-law filtes thesis of lawyering. Such reading moves from the idea that legal rules do not provide about their own application, thus there is room for a general practical discourse that regards the scope of advocacy and provides a proper role for legal ethics that would be independent from the bare respect of the settled law.


According to college of civil engineering materials course construction goal,the union independent institute of training applied talents of civil engineering material demand,analyzes the main problems existing in the training plan,put forward that only using a variety of teaching forms,and actively carry out teaching reform,the establishment of a comprehensive evaluation system,we can achieve better teaching effect,to cultivate autonomous learning,thinking innovation talents of practical purpose.


A 34 year old female with undiagnosed myasthenia gravis (MG) presented with shortness of breath and weakness. She was diagnosed with community acquired pneumonia and myasthenic crisis (MC). Her hospital course was complicated by hypoxemic respiratory failure requiring intubation with echocardiography revealing a hyper-dynamic apex and basilar hypokinesis consistent with Reverse Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (RTCM). We present the first published case of RTCM from MC and review the existing cases of stress induced cardiomyopathies in MG patients.


Discriminative least squares regression (DLSR) is a simple yet effective method for multi-class classification. One problem of DLSR is that it is lack of robustness to outliers. In order to tackle this difficulty, in this paper, we propose a novel Robust DLSR (RoDLSR) model. The core idea behind RoDLSR is to find and further ignore the outliers among the support vector set. Specifically, we modify the regression targets of outliers by adding an additional item. As a result, the range of regression residuals can be controlled within predefined threshold. Extensive experiments evaluate the effectiveness of RoDLSR, especially on the corrupted databases.


We introduce a new type of lattice path, called brick-wall lattice path, and we derive a formula which counts the number of paths on these lattices imposing certain restrictions on the Cartesian plane. Connections to the Fibonacci sequence, as well as to other sequences of numbers, are given. Finally, we use these brick-wall lattice paths to determine the first two non-zero coefficients of the reliability polynomials associated with particular two-terminal networks known as hammocks.


Broadband electronically tunable filters can be realised using varactor tuned ring resonators with negative resistance coupling. Broadband matching circuits must be used for negative resistance realisation and for compensating the input and output impedance variation with frequency. Circuits and simulated results for a two section 1.3 to 2.1 GHz silicon varactor tuned 50 to 70 MHz bandwidth ring resonator filter are presented.


Are there alternatives to the operation of the Malthusian positive check to keep the race between growth of population and increase in the means of subsistence even? What are the prospects that the race could actuallv be won and material progress achieved? Few practitioners of the dismal science in the early phases of European capitalism gave more optimistic answers to these questions than did Claude-Fre'de'ric Bastiat (1801-50) in his posthumously published Harmonies economiques. Bastiat-described by Schumpeter as "the most brilliant economic journalist who ever lived' '-was an ardent advocate of laisserfaire and a believer in the universal compatibility, indeed complementarity, of individual interests in a competitive society. Although neither original as a thinker nor innovator as an economic analyst, he was a sharp-eyed observer of contemporary economic and social trends. The excerpt presented here is the concluding section in the chapter "Population'' that appeared as Chapter 16 in the second edition of Harmonies. Having given a generally sympathetic presentation of Malthusian doctrines, in this section Bastiat turns to their vigorous criticism. In his attack on Malthus, Bastiat's emphasis on a social-historical interpretation of the notion of subsistence is especially noteworthy. Bastiat sees human wants as expanding with civilization's progress in an ever increasing spiral. The "means of existence" are not a fixed quantity-they ''depend upon one's way of life, on public opinion, on habits.'" Once a better material position is acquired, downward movement on the social ladder is contemplated with repugnance and resisted through the exercise of foresight and by "resort to the infallible means of preventive limitation." While Bastiat plainly doubted the effectiveness of the preventive check in its Malthusian variant, he had no difficulty in envisaging the effective working of the preventive check informs other than the "practice of chastity. '' Glossing over the means, he emphasizes the motivational forces''towards self preservation and the protection of one's family" -as all-important. Since he could not envisage situations in which these forces would drive individuals toward behavior that would be socially less than benign, Bastiat's conclusions on the relationship between population change and economic and social progress were uniformly sanguine. Many of the trends he anticipated were indeed confirmed by subsequent developments in industrial societies. However, their general validity remains as controversial as it was 130 years ago.


AbstractThis research explores the ethics education of engineering and computing students, reported by faculty, in light of diversity issues. A national online survey with approximately 1,400 respo...


The motion vector setting unit (31) in a pixel of interest within the image set in units of the motion vector. According to the motion vector, the pixel of interest is set for each image as a plurality of image processing target by setting the pixel of interest (35). The motion vector and the exposure time ratio set by the ratio of the exposure time (32) set in units of images, motion blur amount is set in units of pixels by the blur amount setting unit (33). Processing region setting unit (36) processing region setting target pixel of each of the plurality of images based on the motion blur amount. Coefficient setting processing unit (37) according to the amount of motion blur processing coefficient set. Pixel value generating unit (38) according to a linear pixel values and the processing coefficients and the pixel in the processing region corresponding to the binding, the pixel values to generate the pixel corresponding to the motion blur removing, by the integration unit (. 39) as a pixel value output. Utilize valuable time direction information, motion blur with high precision removal process.


Deafferentation hyperactivity (DH) was provoked in the neurons of the subnucleus caudalis of the spinal trigeminal nucleus and the lateral reticular formation in cats by Gasserian ganglionectomy, and was used as a model of peripheral deafferentation pain. The influence of neurochemical substances upon DH was investigated. Neurotransmitters and their antagonists were applied topically around the soma of hyperactive neruons by the microiontophoretic technique, using a 7-barreled glass micropipette. Then the participation of inhibitory amino acids in the descending inhibitory systems, which were activated by deep brain stimulation (DBS), was investigated. Discharges of hyperactive neurons (n=75) were recorded extracellularly and analyzed using a spike density histogram. DH was suppressed by topically injected GABA and glycine, but not by met-enkephalin. The suppressive effects of GABA and glycine were almost completely antagonized by bicuculline and strychnine, respectively. Stimulation of the internal capsule or VPM suppressed DH, and this suppression was not affected by microiontophoretically injected bicuculline or strychnine. Intravenous injection of picrotoxin reduced the suppression, but intravenous strychnine did not. GABA may play an important role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the descending inhibitory systems activated by DBS.


This study investigates firstly, the influences of good corporate governance mechanisms on earning management practices and CSR disclosure, and secondly, the mediating effect of earning management on the relationship between governance mechanisms and CSR at the manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. Institusional ownership, managerial ownership, audit committee, board of directors and independent board of commissioners/members are used as the proxies of good corporate governance mechanisms, whereas discretionary accruals and CSR Index are used as the proxies of earning management and CSR disclosure. Using purposive sampling method, 45 companies from the population of 131 manufacturing companies are selected for the period 2010-2012 who use Global Reporting Initiative guidelines (GRI) for CSR disclosure. Implementing the path analysis on a final sample of 27 companies (i.e. 81 firm-years), our findings document no significant relationship between good corporate governance proxies and earning management, and CSR disclosure, except the independent board of commissioners/members having a negative significant effect on CSR disclosure. Moreover, earning management does not mediate the link between corporate governance mechanisms and CSR disclosure, which confirms that the implementation of CSR disclosure is not always related to earning management practices within the company.


Polycaprolactone (PCL) fiber bundles were successfully prepared by self-bundling electrospinning technique from two different concentrations (i.e. 12% and 15% w/v) of PCL solution. Self-bundling of electrospun fibers was induced by used of a grounded needle tip at the beginning of electrospinning process. Electrical conductivity of PCL solutions were increased and average fiber diameter were decreased by addition and increasing amount of pyridinium formate (PF) at concentration of 3, 4, and 5% w/v into either 12% or 15% w/v PCL solutions. The average diameter of electrospun fibers and bundles were in range of 2.1-3.3 m and 100-120 m, respectively.


Various industrial applications require the use of common pipelines or tubing to simultaneously or sequentially deliver multiple types of liquids. Dependent upon the application, long pipelines or tubing can range from several meters to several kilometers in length, composed of significant horizontal and vertical sections. Axial mixing is an important aspect of such flows of liquids in succession from a safety and reliability point of view. It is anticipated that mixing is due to turbulence and buoyancy, with the latter as a result of density differences of the mixing fluids. This paper sets out a numerical simulation model based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to fundamentally understand the mixing behavior of two miscible fluids under actual industrial-project-specific conditions. To benchmark its accuracy, the simulation model is first verified with respect to its numerical parameters using a short, 10 m pipe. Subsequently, a 100 m horizontal pipe is modeled, and we show that these results can be...


The aim of this paper is to study the notions of minimal $\pi g^* \beta$-closed set, maximal $\pi g^* \beta$-open set, minimal $\pi g^* \beta$-open set, maximal $\pi g^* \beta$-closed set, minimal $\pi g^* \beta$-continuous, maximal $\pi g^* \beta$-continuous, minimal $\pi g^* \beta$ irresolute, maximal $\pi g^* \beta$-irresolute, minimal-maximal $\pi g^* \beta$-continuous and maximal-minimal $\pi g^* \beta$-continuous and their basic properties are studied.


Publisher Summary Fire testing relies on fundamental measurements of physical quantities such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, mass, etc. This chapter provides an overview of the fundamental measurement techniques that are commonly used in support of flammability testing of materials. It also discusses some of the challenges that need to be overcome to perform accurate measurements. Thermocouples are by far the most commonly used sensors to measure temperature in fire tests. Objects that are exposed in a room fire environment are heated by the radiation from flames, combustion gases, and hot surfaces. A slug calorimeter is the most basic device to measure heat flux in fire tests. Also, the most commonly used type of sensors to measure the mass of a burning object is the load cell. Load cells come in many forms and shapes to facilitate their use for a wide range of applications. The objective of a measurement is to determine the value of the measurand, i.e., the physical quantity that needs to be measured. Every measurement is subject to error, no matter how carefully it is conducted. Errors of measurement may have two components, a random component and a systematic component. The former is due to a number of sources that affect a measurement in a random and uncontrolled manner. Random errors cannot be eliminated, but their effect on uncertainty may be reduced by increasing the number of repeat measurements and by applying a statistical analysis to the results.