Purpose of the study: To develop a new treatment algorithm for patients with chronic anterior knee pain based on kinematic patella tracking MR imaging. Methods and Results: Patients with anterior knee pain of more than one year duration and not responding to non-operative treatment, underwent kinematic MRI study. The provocative test was performed with the conventional MRI scanner and the patient extending the knee against resistance, the resistance provided by inflated beach ball. A retrospective analysis was done of first seventy patients, who had undergone this scanning technique. On the imaging films, four measurements were made. They were patella subluxation, tilt, cartilage thickness and the Tibial Tubercle Trochlear distance (TTD). Patellar subluxation was classified as mild, moderate and severe. We found that a Tibial Tubercle Trochlea distance of 18mm had a specifity of 100% and a sensitivity of 89% for severe maltracking. Conclusion: Kinematic MR Imaging is a useful investigation before considering operative treatment for patients with chronic anterior knee pain. Based on our study, we conclude that those patients with moderate lateral maltracking with a TTD 18mm should have a tibial tubercle transfer, in addition to lateral release.


: The current study examined the relation of living calling to job satisfaction among 222 Indonesian millennials workers (age 20-38) who lived in Jabodetabek (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi). Using structural equation modelling, this paper trying to find the relationship of living calling to job satisfaction through mediation of work meaning and career commitment. Work meaning was found partially mediate the relationship of living calling to job satisfaction, while career commitment doesn't act as mediation and didn't have significant effect to job satisfaction; however, the relationship between living calling and job satisfaction cannot be doubted. These results suggest that concept of calling may profound in Indonesian Millennials although having non-western and non-Christian background. Implication for research and practice are explored.


Social networking is one of the fastest growing methods of communication with more than 300 million users on Facebook® alone (Zuckerberg, 2009). The communication and interaction between individuals on social networks can in some instances be used as an instructional aide in education. Little is known about the use of social networking by Education colleges' faculty to facilitate the instructional process. Technology can be used for cost-free, reliable, quality online content useful to academics in international studies, teaching and research at the college level. E.g.Social networking sites such as Fac ebook, MySpace, Bebo, Club Penguin, Faceparty, Yahoo 360, Flickr, Piczo1.Draves (2007) provides eleven ways you can use the web to enhance your face -to-face class: Post homework assignments, quiz or test answers, the course outline, bibliography, and syll abus online, student work, such as a paper, on the web. Have students submit essays and papers as e -mail attachments. Provide links to useful and relevant websites. Post relevant articles online. Produce recorded audio of some of your lectures and post it.Hold online discussions in between your face-to-face meetings. Establish student study groups online to assist them in studying for your final exam. Post quizzes or preparatory tests online to help students study for a final test.


Abstract : This report contains a brief outline of research findings and a list of publications and technical reports related to micromechanics of defects, nondestructive testing and cracking in fiber reinforced composites.


Objective: To inverstigate the imaging features of eosinophilic granuloma of bone.Methods:Imaging findings,including plain film(n=17),CT scans(n=9) and MRI(n=4),in 17 patients with pathologically-confirmed bone eosinophilic granuloma were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Of 17 cases,the lesion was located in the long-bone(n=6),in vertebra(n=5),in skull(n=3),in the clavicle(n=2),and one case in the ilium,the lesion demonstrated well define bony destruction or irregular bony destruction,with periosteal reaction and soft tissuemas.Conclusion:Imaging findings of bone eosinophilic granuloma have some characteristics,associated with clinic data could suggest the diagnosis.


In fall 2013, Career and Technical Education (CTE)-focused composition classes were piloted to accommodate Leeward Community College's requirement for college-level composition for students in the CTE majors. The first CTE-focused class was an accelerated developmental education reading and writing course for students placing two steps below college-level. In the subsequent semester, an accelerated co-requisite composition course was piloted. To further ground instruction in application, a second instructor came to the CTE composition classes, portraying the CEO of a local business. The CTE students developed either PowerPoint presentations or Weebly websites to promote their services. CTE student retention in these collaborative courses has been nearly 100%. Having an "outside expert" address the class makes the composition work concrete.


Visualisation of subscapularis lesions is difficult during open surgery. Introduction of arthroscopic procedures for rotator cuff surgery improved the diagnosis of subscapularis tears, but it still can be more challenging than for other rotator cuff tendon tears. The SFA classification of subscapularis tears is reproducible and correlates well with the arthroscopic findings. The arthroscopic diagnosis of subscapularis tear is made easier by: shoulder internal rotation, biceps tenodesis, dissection of the rotator interval, recognition of the sentinel and comma signs.


the Change Characteristics of Maximum loading factors of first 6 principal components which are in 145 statistical items of 13 observed indexes in principal Component Analysis (PCA) were:there was a drop in annual sunshine hours from 1970's to 1980's,but it has increased evidently since the begining of 1990's; and there was a decreasing trend in annual average temperature from 1960's to 1980's ,but it has risen evidently since 1990's;average wind valocity on october gradually reduced from middle of 1970's to middle of 1980's then increased;the days of annual strong wind has increased in waves; annual Maxi mum wind votocity constantly lift; the rainfall on August was even. the local climatic conditiom had a good developing frend before the middle of 1980's but since the late of 1980's it has deteriorated. (2)The change of days of annual sand-dust storm was similar to annual sunshine hours; the distributing characters of annual maxmum temperature, annual average ground temperature and Maximum temperature on July were similar to that of annual average temprature; The distribuing character of annual strong wind days was similar to that of average wind volocity on october. (3)the climatic condition had improved from 1960's middle to 1980's middle, which related to planting trees and shrubs in large scale since 1960's. climate have deterioratend since late of 1980's, which concerned with the drop of ground water table and death of man-made sand-fixed forest.


Titanium oxide films were deposited on Si and quartz substrates by RF magnetron sputtering of titanium target under various oxygen partial pressures. The films were annealed in air at different temperatures and the influence of annealing temperature on the structural and optical properties was studied. The XPS studies revealed that the films formed at oxygen partial pressure of 2 × 10-2 Pa were nearly stoichiometric. The as-deposited films were amorphous, the films annealed at 573 K were anatase, while those annealed at 973 K were mixed anatase and rutile phases of TiO2. The as-deposited films showed an optical bandgap of 3.32 eV while those annealed at 973 K was 3.19 eV.


It is widely believed that via the Seiberg-Witten map, the linearly realized BPS equation in the non-commutative space is related to the non-linearly realized BPS equation in the commutative space in the zero slope limit. We show that the relation also holds without taking the zero slope limit as is expected from the arguments of the BPS equation for the non-abelian Born-Infeld theory. This is regarded as an evidence for the relation between the two BPS equations. As a byproduct of our analysis, the non-linear instanton equation is solved exactly.


Recovery of metals by bioleaching process has been used in commercial production.Bioleaching has lower cost and environmental pollution,but leaching speed is slowly.The methods of increasing leaching speed and factors of affecting bioleaching rate are disscused.


Summary If a body is constantly accelerated from rest to a final velocity v, then the distance it goes in time t is the same as if it had travelled at constant velocity v/2. This fact, the Mean Velocity Law, was proved by Galileo on his way to proving the Law of Free Fall, a milestone in the evolution of modern physics. But the Mean Velocity Law itself was well known as far back as the Middle Ages. In this article, we compare Galileo's mathematical approach to that of the medieval philosopher and mathematician, Nicole Orseme, and we also look at the scientific context—just what information the law gave—in each era, with some surprising results.


Contents * Foreword * Preface * Chapter 1. Introduction * Types of In Vitro Culture * Applications of Plant Tissue Culture * Chapter 2. Morphogenesis/Organogenesis * Introduction * Plant Growth * Cellular Differentiation * Morphogenesis * Chapter 3. Micropropagation * Definition * Stages in Micropropagation * Commercial Micropropagation * Applications of Micropropagation * Chapter 4. Haploid Plant Production In Vitro * Anatomy of Anther * Anther Culture * Androgenesis * Chapter 5. In Vitro Pollination and Fertilization * Development of Female Gametophyte * Pollination * Fertilization * Embryo Culture * Chapter 6. Somatic Hybridization Using Protoplast Technology * Introduction * Uses of Protoplast Technology * Obtaining Protoplasts * The Culture of Protoplasts * The Cytoplasmic Genomes * Common Potential of Protoplast Fusion * Chapter 7. Cell Culture and Selection of Desirable Traits * Selection of Naturally Occurring Variants in Culture * General Selection Strategies * Chapter 8. In Vitro Mutagenesis * Types of Mutagens * Determining the Type and Suitable Concentration of Mutagens * The Choice of Plant Tissues for In Vitro Mutagensis * Chapter 9. The Origin, Nature, and Significance of Variation in Tissue Culture * Introduction * The Basis of Somaclonal Variations * Causes of Somaclonal Variations * Use of Somaclonal Variation in Breeding * Prevention of Somaclonal Variation * Chapter 10. Cryopreservation and Plant Breeding * Introduction * Theory and Technology * Cryopreservation Protocols for Cold-Hardy and Non-Cold-Hardy Species * Storage and Thawing * Equipment for Cryopreservation * Practical Issues and Strategies Toward Improved Cryoprotection * Chapter 11. In Vitro Micrografting * Definition of Micrografting * Analysis of Compatibility and Incompatibility Phenomena * Chapter 12. In Vitro Flowering: Its Relevance to Plant Breeding * Factors Influencing In Vitro Flowering * Plant Growth Regulators * Mineral Nutrients and Other Medium Components * Explant, Light, and Other Variables * Application of In Vitro Flowering to Plant Breeding * Chapter 13. In Vitro Tuberization * Introduction * Factors Controlling Microtuber Production * Practical Aspects of In Vitro Tuberization * Chapter 14. Molecular Plant Breeding * Types of Molecular Markers * Major Objectives of Molecular Breeding * Applications of Molecular Markers in Plant Breeding * Case Study: Application of Molecular Markers in Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Breeding * References * Index


Natural Sunlight with the covering glass or plastic would be the most famous method for drying herbs such Andrographis Paniculata for the farmers in Thailand. However, this method requires long drying time of 3–4 days. This paper proposes an improved sun drying by using Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as the covering material in cooperated with the exhaust revolutionary air system. The PTFE allows higher drying temperature even the absence of sunlight than the conventional method while the exhaust revolutionary air accelerates moisture dissipation. The experimental test-rig was constructed and the test results in terms drying temperature and humidity were analyzed and compared between the proposed methods and conventional methods. It is found that the proposed method achieved reducing drying time to be about 6 hours with the desired drying temperature of 45-55°C and had low humidity than the standard value of 11 %.


Joyce, Linda; Haynes, Richard; White, Rachel; Barbour, R. James, tech. coords. 2006. Bringing climate change into natural resource management: proceedings. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-706. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 150 p. These are the proceedings of the 2005 workshop titled implications of bringing climate into natural resource management in the Western United States. This workshop was an attempt to further the dialogue among scientists, land managers, landowners, interested stakeholders and the public about how individuals are addressing climate change in natural resource management. Discussions illustrated the complexity of global climate change and the need for managers to consider how the impacts of climate change will unfold across regional and local landscapes. The workshop offered examples of how managers are already responding to those aspects of the global climate change that they can see or perceive. While no comprehensive solutions emerged, there was an appreciation that policy complexity may exceed the science complexity but that eventually the accumulation of local actions will shape the future.


Objective To report the preliminary results of treatment of fracture nonunion at the distal femur and the proximal tibia with Less Invasive Stabilization System (LISS). Methods From February 2003 to August 2004, LISS fixation and bone grafting were employed to treat 5 cases of fracture nonunion at the distal femur and 4 cases of fracture nonunion at the proximal tibia. The nonunion had resulted from failure of internal fixation in 7 cases, failure of external fixation in 1 and infection in 1. The history of nonunion lasted from 10 to 111 months (mean 29m). Results All the 9 patients were followed up for an average of 8 (6 to 16) months only to reveal solid bone union in all the fractures, with a mean healing time of 4.7 months (ranging from 4 to 6 months). No loosening or breakage of the implants occurred in this series. Conclusion Due to its advanced design, LISS can be used to treat effectively fracture nonunion at the distal femur and the proximal tibia.


There is now wide realization that US nonmetropolitan areas are remarkably heterogeneous. Consequently the estimation of employment multipliers should address the diverse attributes and settings of these regions. In response, in this paper we outline a means for estimating cross-sectional economic base multipliers that vary from one place to another. Multipliers of this sort can be used to assess the impacts of new projects but should not be used to forecast growth. The discussion focuses on America's micropolitan counties, which are those significant urban clusters located outside of the nation's metropolitan areas. The multiplier estimates account for numerous contextual conditions of both the natural and human-created variety. All estimates are made from employment data pooled across the 1980, 1990, and 2000 censuses. Micropolitan counties with high human capital, low specialization, abundant natural amenities, and isolated locations have relatively more local employment and therefore larger multipliers.


Introduction and objective. The currently observed progressive aging of societies has an impact on the occurrence of problems affecting the quality of life in many spheres. While focused on a mixed gender population, deliberately stratified into the youngest-oldest and middle-aged individuals, the study aimed to determine whether their subjective assessment of overall quality of life was in any way correlated with the risk of depression. Materials and method. A study sample of 164 free-living community dwellers aged 65–84 years was investigated with the use of WHOQOL-BREF and GDS-15 surveys. The data collected was subsequently analysed by Chi-square test, Student's t test, Mann Whitney U test, and Spearman rank correlation. Results. Significant differences were established in the overall quality of life in terms of select psychological variables in women from Groups I and II (p=0.006). In the groups stratified by age angender, significant negative correlations were noted (p<0.001) between respective domains under study. Conclusions. Women from the youngest-oldest group rated their quality of life higher in the psychological domain, compared with the middle-aged group. Neither age nor gender differentiated individual susceptibility to depression, even though approx. 30% of all respondents were ultimately established as being at such risk. Individuals established as less prone to depression rated their overall quality of life as higher in the respective domains. The respondents' subjective assessment indicated no correlation with the risk of depression.


It is typical for the EA community that theory follows experiments. Most theoretical approaches use some model of the considered evolutionary algorithm (EA) but there is also some progress where the expected optimization time of EAs is analyzed rigorously. There are only three well-known problems of com-binatorial optimization where such an approach has been performed for general input instances, namely minimum spanning trees, shortest paths, and maximum matchings. The theoretical results are asymptotic ones and several questions for realistic dimensions of the search space are open. We supplement the theoretical results by experimental ones. Many hypotheses are confirmed by rigorous statistical tests.


In this paper, an output feedback version of the modified error method is presented, for linear coupled plants. The novelty lies in the combination of a modified control function of Lyapunov with the observer backstepping technique to obtain a totally decentralized output feedback scheme. Furthermore, the design algorithm is presented in a new recursive form that goes beyond the general expressions yielded by the backstepping. The decentralization, i.e. the elimination of the cross-terms from the obtained multivariable controller, is rendered possible by a new choice of the regulated errors in the backstepping procedure. The internal stability and the tracking performances of the closed-loop system are still preserved, as long as the observer convergence is guaranteed and the H X -norm of the plant interaction quotient is less than one. The developed scheme is successfully applied to the control of a rougher flotation phenomenological simulator.


This paper presents an application of optimal design for tall wind turbine tower. This structural optimization problem is solved by using an augmented Lagrangian particule swarm based optimizer. It is constrained by both material properties and civil engineering standards. The verification of constraints is carried out by a mechanical modeling tool. Results show the ability of the proposed loop to find lowest cost design for wind tower. Mots clefs : optimization, wind turbine, high tower.


This work provides a better understanding of radionuclides associated with shale formations and an increase in their concentration accompanying oil and gas production. The mineralogical and inorganic composition of various hydrocarbon rich shales was evaluated with spectroscopic, microscopic, and mass spectrometric techniques. Microstructural analysis by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) determined the quartz, feldspar, dolomite, calcite, and clay composition of the shale. Scanning Electron Microscopy Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) revealed the presence of inorganic metals (i.e. U, Th, Pb, etc.) near hydrocarbon rich regions of the shale. Elemental analysis of the bulk mineral phases via multi-collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) revealed higher concentration of U and Th associated with the organics in shale. A combination of the geochemical and mineralogical data suggests that the anoxic conditions during deposition may have led to the enrichment of the redoxsensitive elements (i.e. U, V, and Mo, etc.) in the Utica and Niobrara formations, while an oxic depositional environment led to a depletion of redox-sensitive elements in the Green River and Mancos formations. Furthermore, our data suggest that rare-earth elements (REE) enrichment is of terrigenous origins, supporting anoxic diagenesis. Knowledge of the inorganic composition, including Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) and Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TENORM) of hydrocarbon rich shales, is essential for the development of advanced environmental techniques that extract the hydrocarbons without polluting the surrounding environment.


Pocatello, Idaho has an air quality problem that is unique, challenging, and complex. Pocatello is a city of about 46,000 located in southeastern Idaho, almost completely surrounded by national forests and an Indian reservation. It suffers from a particulate matter air pollution problem with 13 exceedances of the federal particulate air quality standard (a 24-hr average of 15- {mu}g/m{sup 3} of PM10) since 1986. In relation to other cities with a significant particulate air quality problem, Pocatello is not large and unlike the six counties which had more particulate matter exceedances than Pocatello, it is neither urban or highly agricultural. Pocatello does have an industrial area, and among the facilities present are manufacturing plants for phosphate fertilizer and for elemental phosphorus. Preliminary investigations show two of these exceedances are associated with fog and low speed winds. It has been suggested that secondary aerosols may account for a large fraction of PM 10 material. In addition, these episodes have been observed to range in duration from a few hours to a period of days, with the geography of the are contributing to complex meteorology.


The internet contains the answer to most questions, the challenge mostly lies in finding it. In this report we build a model that approaches a narrower scope of the larger question-answering problem, namely pointing within a provided passage to the answer to a question using the SQuAD 2.0 dataset. We employ various self-attention mechanisms, including those from BiDAF, R-Net, and residual self-attention in order to reveal which types of self-attention work best for question-answering, and analyze why some types improve performance and others do not. Further, we employ a CNN to generate character-derived word embeddings and employ ensembling to improve prediction quality across various model types. With these techniques, we are able to improve on the BiDAF baseline significantly without overfitting to the training and dev splits.


analysis of Bellini's Sacred Allegory at the book's beginning, and the Feast of the Gods and Woman at Her Toilette at the end, effectively illustrate and bracket Grave's broader thesis that medieval allegorical thinking conditioned the "hermeneutics and aesthetics of the image in the modern period" (263), a shift typified by the arc of Bellini's oeuvre. A closer consideration of humanistic writings—above all, the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili (1499), a tour de force of word and image that gives voice to the playful process and performance of image making in Bellini's time—would have deepened Grave's study of the contemplative allure of Bellini's art. Specialists who seek a more thorough analysis of the literary, social, and intellectual climate of Bellini's age, along with a comprehensive bibliography, would be better served by the recent publications of Susannah Rutherglen and Charlotte Hale, Daniel Wallace Maze, and Davide Gasparotto, among others. Nonetheless, Grave's book provides a succinct vade mecum to Bellini's paintings, which is sure to appeal to museum audiences who have fallen under Bellini's spell as much as undergraduates, who will find Grave's efficient commentaries on the theological and philosophical complexities of Bellini's painting an accessible introduction to Bellini's oeuvre and, more generally, to the practice—and power—of thoughtful, close, and consistent looking.


In cowriting this article, we set out to (re)vision qualitative research data. From the domain of "traditional" methods of interviewing, we attempted to slip—differently and productively—away from ...


To improve the technical level of grain storage, the knowledge and experience of grain storage,computer and artificial intelligence technology are used to research and develop the early-warning expert system of grain storage security. Furthermore,database,artificial intelligence,management information and decision support system as well as computer and information integration technology are applied to grain storage field. In general, this system is contributed to the intelligence and automation of grain storage management. What's more, it can maximum be used to reduce the loss rate of the grain in storage process to ensure food security of the country.


China, with its over 1.3 billion population, is a rising star in terms of tourism, not only for its potential of outbound tourism but also for its great potential of domestic tourism. Thus, the present study was conducted to develop a better understanding of Chinese tourists' motivations in selection of domestic destinations for Spring Festival holiday. A qualitative method, namely, the means‐end approach, was used to analyze the primary data. The results of implication matrices and hierarchical value maps indicated the existence of 8 pull motivational factors and 17 push motivational factors. Correlations between these factors were found when respondents were solicited to provide abstract meanings of the destination attributes they identified. More specifically, consequences and personal values driven by the destination attributes were presented as having similarities with mentioned push factors. This study thus attempted to contribute to the existing literature by investigating the means‐end chains of both pull and push motivational factors and by applying the motivation theory and means‐end theory in China's domestic tourism. Finally, managerial implications were specified for the benefit of Chinese local governments and destination marketers. 中国拥有13亿人口,旅游业蓬勃发展,不仅出境旅游潜力巨大,国内游也拥有美好的前景。此研究旨在对中国旅游者在春节假期内选择国内旅游目的地的动机进行更深入的剖析。本文用质化研究的一种方法,means‐end 理论,来分析一手数据。涵义矩阵(implication matrix)和等级价值图形(hierarchical value map)显示,共有8个拉力动机因素和17个推力动机因素。受访者提供目的地特点的抽象意义后,这些因素的关联性便显现出来。具体而言,由目的地特征因素所引发的结果因素和个人价值因素显示与上述推力动机因素有共同点。此研究目的在于探讨包括推力动机因素和拉力动机因素的 means‐end 链条,同时将动机理论和 means‐end 理论运用于中国的国内游市场方面,进而对现有文献做出贡献。最后,讨论了本文对于中国地方政府和旅游目的地营销者的实际应用价值。


I examined the late period of the Joseon dynasty's characteristic of commodity circulation and role of merchant by centering around price determinants. The late Joseon dynasty was imperfectly competitive market. Thus, a role of distribution worked more than demand and supply, which are main factor of price determinants. In the late Joseon dynasty, a distribution network and a nationwide market area was formed by a development of commodity money. However, the economic scale was small, and profits from the expansion of currency were not reinvested in capital and production. As a traditional hierarchy society, Joseon dynasty pursued none competition and peaceful society with medieval ideology. Also in dispute from Juin Rights between the local merchants, provincial ruler judged by a way of designating each rights about every circulation of each province's goods. Likewise Gyeonggang-Juin of Hanyang, specific people monopolized Juin rights as regional groups and products, that is exclusive rights to distribute about goods from provinces. A regional special products, which was obtained as a type of donation and tribute, often formed exclusive system. Wealthy merchants was able to dominate nationwide rights of distribution by dealing and inheriting rights of Juin. From this process, it had deviated previous governance system. In addition, independence of Juin rights had reinforced and maintained rights of distribution exclusively. Until 17th century, producing areas were concentrated in Hanyang or the seat of regional administration and depended on the administrative net. However, after 18th century, manufacturing cities such as Anseong were newly built in locations of distribution. A circulation between Hanyang and provinces went on smooth and connection between surroundings of markets turned well. Thus, demand and supply's gap became close. Merchants and craftsman were assembled, and cities were built in the smooth location of, distribution, sales, and raw materials of production.


The City of Tomorrow is an educational project whose objective is that from childhood and with the game as a tool, becomes aware of all the scales of the common: the tangible and intangible heritage, architecture, urbanism and landscape. It is necessary that childhood be present actively in the processes of construction of the common space (square, neighbourhood, city ...); for this it is fundamental that they discover and know the value of their environment; At the same time, it is necessary to provide them with tools to develop their creativity, from art and architecture. The aim is to provoke in them the awakening of a new look on the spaces in which they develop their life. At the same time that from the architectural discipline discover a new vision of the city, a vision that will bring us who will be the inhabitants of tomorrow. To work with the youngest and to be able to understand and transform their environment, we have based on strategies of art and architecture. Our tools of transformation will be the POINT, the LINE and THE PLANE (based on Kandinsky); to which we will add the THREE-DIMENSIONAL ELEMENT, rethinking the "gifts" of Froebel's learning process, The children will tell us what their city is like, through a large golden frame, like O'Grady did. They will work with the human scale and its relationship with the city, based on the experiences of Yves Klein. His perception of the nearest environment will be modified, using the phenomenon of "defamiliarization" of Viktor Shklovski.


Introduction: The HIV/AIDS disease has changed individual lifestyles and quality of life, as the HIV disease progresses, quality of life deteriorates. It is vital that the quality of life of PLWHA is assessed regularly so that they are given holistic care that is able to ameliorate the symptoms of ill health and improve their quality of life. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of life of Zambians living with HIV/AIDS Method: The study used a cross-sectional descriptive design. This study was conducted in both rural and urban antiretroviral clinics in Zambia on 160 PLWHA of various HIV ranging from asymptomatic to full blown AIDS. Three scales, "Zambian WHOQOL-HIV Scale" (α = .896); "Zambian WHOHIV SRPB Scale" (α = .699); "Zambian WHOHIV medication dependence Scale" (α = .801); derived from the WHOQOL-HIV were used to assess quality of life. Results: A third of the participants reported very high medication dependence (32.5%). Two thirds of the participants (66%) had good or very good spirituality. Majority of the participants (82.2%) had good or very good quality of life. The results show that the quality of life, medication dependence and spirituality for the Zambian sample were all above average. Quality of life had significant positive relationships with all of its domains and a significant positive relationship with spirituality. clinical stages *Corresponding Author: P. Mweemba Department of Nursing Sciences School of Medicine University of Zambia Email: email@example.com or firstname.lastname@example.com Quality of Life of Zambians Living with HIV & AIDS Conclusion: Because little investigation has been done on quality of life in HIV/AIDS in developing countries such as Zambia, the current study is a vital step in addressing the issue of quality of life. The finding that quality of life of Zambian people living with HIV/AIDS is above average may mean that the preventive and health care programs that are being used for education and provision of antiretroviral medication are yielding good results, this progress should be harnessed.


A high-power and broadband super-fluorescent source (SFS) based on an Yb-doped double-cladding fiber is described. The source is pumped at 976 nm from a laser diode by end-pumping system. The SFS generated a maximum 100 mW of broadband emission centered at 1066nm, with an about 40nm FWHM spectrum. The basic characteristics of the superfluorescent source, such as the output power and output linewidth, have been analyzed and studied.


Constant maturity swaps (CMS) and CMS spread options are analysed in the multi-factor HJM framework. For Gaussian models, which include a version of the Libor Market Models and the G2++ model, explicit approximated pricing formulae are provided. Two approximating approaches are proposed: an exact solution to an approximated equation and an approximated solution to the exact equation. The first approach borrows from previous literature on other models; the second approach is new. For the latter, the price approximation errors are smaller than in the previous literature and negligible in practice. These approaches are being used here to price standard CMS and CMS spreads and can be used for other European exotic products.


The internal cellular organization and development of the dikaryotie fruit-body primordium (0.2 mm--l.0 mm) of Coprinus lagopus has been microscopically defined by the following stages: Stage I. Lattice formation. Stage II. Up-growth of aerial cells specifically from lattices followed by a general increase in cell density. Stage III. Regional cell growth and tissue organization. Stage IV. Development with a hypha! aggregation, in association with a clearly defined mushroom, of cells with distinct morphology and staining properties. Increasing organization and complexity of the primordinm was associated with distinct changes in the morphology and staining properties of differentiating cells. Further specialization was found in the intracellular localization of polysaccharide during Stage IV of development.


A disposable immuno-sensor chip which is proposed for use in continuous health monitoring and for early diagnosis of infectious disease. On-chip high-power density wireless power sources and on-chip wireless data transfer technologies are developed to minimize chip production costs.


Mineral resources are concerned closely with society, economy and technology. Consuming model is changing resources' definition. The protection and utilization of resources are involved in prospecting process, producing process and consuming process. Aspects containing in mining industry base system rightly show connection existing among output, consumption and reserves. Mining industry base includes not only geo-technology factors but also social economical factors, so the geo-economical study is embodied and intuitional correspondingly. The relation between exploitation gross increasing and reserves increasing reveals chance in a high degree of resource protection and utilization.


In this paper we illustrate several characteristics of dynamic three-dimensional nonlinear propagation of light pulses. Recent work has shown that the fully spatio-temporal propagation of a light wave envelope in a cubically nonlinear medium displays, in addition to the usual transverse structures, longitudinal dynamics which play an essential role in the evolution of the wave [1, 2, 3]. It has been suggested that the effect of dispersion coupled with self focusing causes short light pulses having beam waists much larger than their pulse length to display spectral characteristics typical of experimental observations of supercontinuum generation [1]. A recent computational effort has illustrated that the presence of dispersion can inhibit collapse due to two dimensional self focusing in normally dispersive media causing structure in the propagation direction as well as the transverse direction [3]. Finally, analysis of three dimensional propagation of light waves in anomalously dispersive media [4, 5] reveals a set of symmetric solutions which would exist in the intermediate state between collapse and dispersal. The practical stabilization of these light pulses is an open problem.


We propose a smart car loading camera to simulate the vehicle driving process, the purpose of which is using monocular vision to solve the collision problem that may occur when passengers open the door after the vehicle stops. First of all, Youzheng Zhang's calibration method is used to obtain the internal and external parameters of the camera, and then the inter-frame difference method is used to lock the moving target in the video. After preprocessing the image, an iterative method is proposed to automatically obtain the threshold to complete the target object segmentation. Combined with the calibration parameters, the distance of the target object is calculated based on the proportion of similar triangles. The test results of videos taken in multiple different scenes show that the average measurement error of the algorithm is 44mm.


Abstract : In the past forty years, the Ministry of Geology of the former USSR committed vast funds to investigations of the structure of the continental crust and upper mantle by seismic methods. The former USSR is crisscrossed by a network of seismic profiles that are more detailed than in any other part of the world. There are three kinds of profiles: (1) short-range refraction; (2) Deep Seismic Sounding (DSS) profiles; and (3) ultra-long range seismic profiles using Peaceful Nuclear Explosions (PNEs). The main goal of the shortrange refraction work was to image sedimentary cover and basement. Measurements were obtained using 48-60 channel analog instruments with 100 m receiver spacing, and seismograms were recorded on photographic paper by the wiggle trace method. The DSS observations were mainly used for crustal studies. The shotpoint spacing was 30-50 km, and three components of ground displacement were recorded. The refracted and reflected compressional (P) and shear waves (S), and converted waves were interpreted. Ultra-long range PNE-sourced profiles provided information on the structure of the crust and upper mantle to a depth of 670 km. For PNE profiles, up to 400 short-period (1.5-20 Hz), three-component seismometers were deployed every 5-10 km to record ground motion. Thirty-nine PNE shots were detonated for these purposes, with intermediate chemical shots spaced at 40-70 km intervals. These chemical shots had charges ranging from 2000 to 5000 kg. The total length of all of these three types of profiles exceeds 80 thousand kilometers. We present a synthesis of these results in the form of updated maps of depth to basement and depth to Moho in Russia.


In many industrial applications the communication in a distributed control system is done over layered synchronous or asynchronous control buses. In this paper we consider the type of delays and control deterioration that can be obtained due to the communication delays. The main source of the delays considered in this paper is the sample-induced delays caused by the multirate sampling in the communication between the different parts of the control system and the process. The paper analyzes some bus structures with respect to delays and possibilities for control. The result is that it sometimes can be surprisingly long delays that have to be compensated for in the design of the controller. Some possible ways for compensation are discussed and illustrated in the paper.


It DESCRIBED a cable comprising one or more conductors ELECTRICAL OR A SOUL OF DRIVERS ELECTRICAL, each electrical conductor O SOUL SURROUNDED BY A composition INSULATION, ESSENTIALLY FREE OF INHIBITORS TRAINING SKIING CONDUCTORAS WATER, and comprising: (I) A polyethylene polymer having a density in the range of 0.860 to 0.940 gram per cubic centimeter, and based on 100 parts by weight of component (I), (II) 0.2 to 1 part by weight of a propylene homopolymer. With the proviso that the composition is extruded AISLANTE a temperature below the melting point of propylene homopolymer.


In gastrointestinal surgery after resection of bowel loops, anastomosis of the bowel loops forms the main part of surgery. Seromuscular suture technique is the main stay of the gastrointestinal surgery which is described by Lembert in 1826. Single layer extra mucosal anastomosis is more commonly used nowadays which was described by Matheson of Aberdeen because of the capacity to produce less tissue necrosis or luminal narrowing which has replaced catgut and silk nowadays. The evolution of mechanical sutures by stapler devices is a technological advancement which helps anastomosis of bowel loops with less tissue injury and decreased time duration of procedure. It also decreases the anastomotic leak complication. Stapler technique is now commonly used by many of the surgeons. It is more useful than the hand sewn anastomosis for safety, easily accessibility, shorter duration of procedure and efficiency. Many surgeons have doubt regarding the stapler, how it is used in critical sites for anastomosis. Accurate approximation without tension and with a good blood supply is essential for ABSTRACT


For reproductive-age women living with HIV, birth spacing allows for optimization of maternal health and viral suppression to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV. We conducted semi-structured informational interviews to explore use of contraception for birth spacing. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed. Audio files were reviewed to capture non-explicit data. We interviewed 18 multiparous HIV positive women. All described experiences with at least one contraceptive method. Six themes emerged: Burden of contraception, Failure of birth control, Impact of youth and lack of life experience, Community beliefs about birth control, Lack of partner cooperation, and Altruism. Women viewed birth spacing favorably. Young age at first delivery, contraceptive side effects, non-adherence to short-acting methods, lack of partner cooperation, and prior contraceptive failure were identified as barriers to ideal birth spacing. Additional outreach is needed in women living with HIV to overcome barriers to planned pregnancy and birth spacing.


Complex and varied illumination makes computer vision research studies difficult. This research field pays much attention to scenes with weak illumination, especially in visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). Although the current feature‐based algorithm is mature, the existing SLAM method often fails because it cannot extract enough feature information in the low‐light environment. In this paper, we propose a new solution to this problem, which allows our system to work in environments with the majority of lighting. We propose a multifeature extraction algorithm to extract two kinds of image features simultaneously. With such a solution, our system can work when the single‐feature algorithm fails to extract enough feature points. We also add an image preprocessing step before tracking thread to cope with extremely dark conditions. Finally, we fully evaluate our approach on existing public data sets. Experiments show that the method combining multiple features can improve the robustness of the state‐of‐the‐art algorithm under weak illumination without affecting the real‐time performance.


The COVER model is a comprehensive framework to assist students in solving ethical dilemmas. It contains components of Utilitarianism, Kant's Categorical Imperative, Values-based ethics and the law.


A kinetic model was proposed for the epoxidation of vegetable oils with peracetic acid formed in situ from acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of an acidic ion exchange resin as a catalyst. The model is pseudo-homogeneous with respect to the catalyst. Besides the main reactions of peracetic acid and epoxy ring formation, the model takes into account the side reaction of epoxy ring opening with acetic acid. The partitioning of acetic acid and peracetic acid between the aqueous and organic phases and the change in the phases' volumes during the process were considered. The temperature dependency of the apparent reaction rate coefficients is described by a reparameterized Arrhenius equation. The constants in the proposed model were estimated by fitting the experimental data obtained for the epoxidations of soybean oil conducted under defined reaction conditions. The highest epoxy yield of 87.73% was obtained at 338 K when the mole ratio of oil unsaturation:acetic acid:hydrogen peroxide was 1:0.5:1.35 and when the amount of the catalyst Amberlite IR-120H was 4.04 wt.% of oil. Compared to the other reported pseudo-homogeneous models, the model proposed in this study better correlates the change of double bond and epoxy group contents during the epoxidation process. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. III45022]


The relevance of research. Many universities in Russia have not yet formed in their structure interdisciplinary academic systems to support the educational process, do not pose and do not solve the problem of building and developing interprofessional communications between service units in situations of macro-social crises and emergencies that fill the modern life of educational subjects, and pose new challenges and the tasks of psychological and other types of assistance from academic services.

Research problem. The psychological service of the university often takes on all the problems existing for subjects and stakeholders of education (including medical, social, legal, educational, etc.): such a strategy of activity is of a protective nature of "half measures" that interferes with the search and implementation of effective approaches to solving problems... Therefore, it is extremely important to determine what academic psychological support services for the educational process should and should not do. Understanding the limitations of the current capabilities of the service, its specialists need to be aware of the prospects and those options for assistance that the service could perform, helping to make the educational environment of the university as harmonious and appropriate to the needs of educational entities as possible, not only to prevent and resolve problems and violations of their development, but to set goals self-improvement, develop both in stable and crisis periods. The aim of the research is to study the main tasks and directions of work of modern psychological services of institutions of higher professional education.

Procedure and Methods. Research methods – theoretical analysis and synthesis of the problems of leading tasks and areas of work of modern psychological services of institutions of higher professional education.

Results. Modern academic support services for the educational process include in their work a whole range of tasks, however, in practice, in many cases, some of the tasks remain unsolved, the available methodological and theoretical resources are unclaimed. Conclusion. Prospects for researching the problem are related to the possibilities, limitations, directions and technologies of anti-crisis assistance: assistance in situations of intrapersonal and microsocial and macrosocial crises. Recommendations for improving the work of modern academic services for psychological support of education include, as the leading concepts, "anti-crisis", "interdisciplinary", "aimed at improving" the subjects of education.


This paper describes five highly structured writing assignments for teaching family therapy trainees to think in systems terms: 1) Analysis of a communication task; 2) Family assessment report; 3) Family treatment plan; 4) Analysis of a marital or family therapy interview; and 5) Family autobiography. The overall training context in which the assignments are given and ways to prepare students for the assignments are also discussed.


As the application of the Internet streaming media becomes more and more popular,the streaming caching proxy technology turns to a hot research point in recent years. This paper analyses the principle of Single Streaming Image (SSI), which is the kernel technology used to implement streaming caching proxy. An algorithm based on RTP package modification is put forward in the paper. Through deploying the algorithm in the streaming caching proxy, SSI is implemented successfully. The practical testing results prove that the SSI based on RTP package modification is effective.


The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the progress of a little more than two decades of political decentralisation in Mexico, through so-called educational federalism. The Agreement for the Modernisation of Basic Education in 1992 was a turning point in the history of education in Mexico, because it represented the first attempt at comprehensive reform in the sense that, in addition to curricular reform and promotion of social participation, it comprised the overall redesign of the organisation and management of the education system. Our analysis aims


or even more likely, the defensive reactions of the heads of bureaucratic fiefs, are at work to prevent decisions, than in situations, such as those episodes mentioned above, where important political decisions must be made. (Here is where it would be useful to have specific studies of the interaction between representatives of the Council (secretariats, Praesidium members, standing committees) and the Ministers meeting together in particular fields). One can say that at least if this hypothesis proves true, then Anderson's conclusion that these Nordic arrangements 'demonstrate novel and effective techniques of accomplishing peaceful change within the nation-state system' (149) may have


In order to obtain basic knowledge for promoting seed production of the striped jack Caranx delicatissimus, chemical composition, nucleic acid contents, and alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) were measured in the fish, from larvae through juveniles at 1-3 day intervals. While rearing on rotifer, Artemia nauplii, and an artificial diet in that order, the total length of the fish increased satisfactorily from 2.8 mm in the hatching larvae to 23 mm in the juveniles on day 42. Moisture decreased slightly throughout the rearing period. Crude protein and ash increased steeply until day 17, the morphological sifting point from larvae to juvenile, but triglyceride and phospholipid temporarily fell in three periods of days 1-6, 14-16, and 24-28. DNA content and the RNA/DNA ratio respectively decreased and stepped up in periods of days 14-22 and days 34-42, except for steep increases by day 8. ALP increased on days 3-6 and then maintained high levels until day 14. These indicate that growth in the early life stages of striped jack is supported by cyclic phases of hyperplasia and hypertrophy while conducting quantitative and qualitative changes in body composition and enzymes as well as morphological development.


This paper describes a simple and rapid methodology for determining the content of adulterants in diesel by the integration of fluorescence spectra. The procedure consists of constructing analytical curves using the concentrations of each adulterant in diesel and the relative change in the fluorescence area of each blend with respect to the fluorescence area of the diesel. The results indicated that the proposed method can be used to determine adulterants such as non-transesterified residual cooking oil, kerosene, and turpentine in diesel. The detection limits were 3, 4 and 5% for non-transesterified residual cooking oil, kerosene and turpentine in diesel, respectively. The method was also successfully used to determine the non-transesterified residual cooking oil content in B5 biodiesel-diesel blend (5% biodiesel) in the range of 0-70%, with a limit of detection of 4%.


Memory leak is a situation when the memory taken up by dynamically allocated objects is not deallocated after its use. Memory leak is a serious problem in embedded systems as they are memory constrained devices. This can also be a serious problem in servers as continuous leaking of memory space results in denial of client requests in due time. The programmer has to take care while writing the code of the application for such main memory related issues. Apart from manual inspection of the code for memory leak, finding illegal memory issues can be tedious sometimes. Various tools are available in order to detect main memory related issues in the software which can ease the testing time of application. These tools are categorized as static and dynamic analysis tools. These tools help programmers to write memory safe and clean code without going into memory leak and related issues. This paper discusses different memory leakage detection tools. The paper also provides the comparison of different tools on the basis of different parameters and concludes with the evaluation of the memory detection tools on the basis of time taken. The results show that Mtrace tool takes maximum time for analysis and Electric fence tools takes minimum time for analysis.


Objective To investigate the promoter methylation and mRNA expression of Bcl-2 in aortic tissue from Wistar rats with hyperlipidemia.Methods Forty-four Wistar rats were equally randomized into control group(Group C) and hyperlipidemia group(Group H),in which normal and high-fat formula diets were given,respectively,for 16 weeks.Serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C),high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C) were measured,whereas aortic nucleoprotein was extracted for detection of DNA methyltransferase(DNMT) activity.The methylation specific polymerase chain reaction(MSP) method and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction were applied for assessment of Bcl-2 gene methylation and mRNA expression in aortic tissue.Results Significant elevation of TC,TG and LDL-C were induced in Group H(P0.01).Moreover,there were significant raises of DNMT activity and methylation of Bcl-2 promoter in Group H,so was the down-regulation of Bcl-2 mRNA(P0.05).Conclusion The methylation of Bcl-2 promoter in hyperlipidemia model,which induces the down-regulation of Bcl-2,may be involved in the evolution of atherosclerosis.


Since the introduction of the iodized oil, lipiodol, for bronchoand myelography (SICCARD & FORRESTIER, 1922) the application of endography as a method of examining various organs has achieved wide usage and undergone considerable development within various fields. At an early date this method was applied in the visualization of the female genitals (CARLOS HEUSER, 1924), but apart from American special urology it has only to a slight extent been employed in diagnosing lesions of the male genitals, the vas deferens, the seminal vesicles, and the ejaculatory duct. The above quoted introduction to BELFIELD & ROLNICK'S conclusions being true to this day, the authors have inserted it as an epigraph to the present publication. Although the roentgenological visualization of the male genitals has not been applied to any great extent, it still may be traced rather far back in time. In 1905 BELFIELD introduced vasotomy as a link in the treatment of inflammatory processes in the male genitals, instilling antiseptics into the vas deferens and the seminal vesicles after having exposed the vas by a small incision on the anterior side of the scrotum and opened the lumen with a longitudinal incision. As is well-known the antiseptics ordinarily in use at that time, collargol and other compounds of silver, are radio-opaque, and it therefore was natural to follow their course through the seminiferous tract by roentgen examination. This resulted in a report on »skiagraphy of the seminal ducts» by BELFIELD in 1913. He describes occlusions in the vas deferens and ejaculatory duct as well as abscesses and fistulas in the seminal vesicles. BELFIELD & ROLNICK (1926) continued the earlier investigations of BELFIELD still with a special view to the therapeutic effect caused


Background: An incisional hernia is defined as any abdominal wall gap with or without bulge in the area of postoperative scar perceptible or palpable by clinical examination or imaging. It occurs in about 3 to 20 percent of patients undergoing laparotomy. Open hernia repair methods have an increased incidence of wound infections and wound-related complications. These problems have been overcome by laparoscopy. The placement of a large mesh by laparoscopy allows for an even distribution of forces along the surface area of the mesh, which account for the strength of the repair and the decreased recurrence rates associated with it. The merits of the laparoscopic approach are decreased rates of recurrence, reduced risks of wound complications. The aims and objective of this study were to evaluate etiological factors of incisional hernia, various techniques of laparoscopic repair of incisional hernia, and to investigate the influence of laparoscopic approach on hospital stay, complications associated with the procedure and recurrence rates.Methods: In this hospital based prospective study, total 40 cases of incisional hernia were studied which were operated laparoscopically and followed up over period of two years.Results: Incisional hernia occurrence was common in females (80%) with commonly observed risk factor was postoperative wound related complications (28 cases) and obesity (22 cases). Infraumbilical midline incision (67.5%) and supraumbilical midline incision (27.5%) was most commonly responsible for incisional hernia occurrence. LSCS was most commonly responsible for incisional hernia occurrence (45%) followed by laparotomy for various indications (27.5%). Intraperitoneal onlay mesh repair of single defect without anatomical repair was most common modality of laparoscopic repair (70%). Early postoperative pain (20%) and prolonged ileus (17.5%) was the most common complication observed. Average hospital stay was 4.22 days.Conclusions: Postoperative wound related complications are important risk factor for incisional hernia. Laparoscopic repair of incisional hernia is better choice in view of reduced wound related complications, post-operative pain and hospitals stay.


Diseases of the sinoatrial node (SАN) are characterized by its inability to perform the function of the dominant pacemaker. This review presents data from recent studies of the anatomy and physiology of the SАN, which demonstrate the presence of structural and functional heterogeneity of the SAN and its components, describes the structure and function of the conducting intra-nodal pathways, the "novel paranodal area", and also discusses the phenomenon of a shift in the site of excitation generation and the presence of a "non-firing mode" of cardiomyocytes. The authors critically discussed the genetic mechanisms of the development of sick sinus node syndrome (SSS), justified a multidisciplinary approach and further anatomical, morphological and physiological studies that play a fundamental role in the development of therapy and diagnosis of related diseases.


When children enter school for the first time, they encounter a variety of new challenges that include creating positive relationships with peer groups and adults as well as learning to meet the demands of a wide range of cognitive, social, and academic tasks (Baker, 2006; Birch & Ladd, 1997; Pianta, Steinberg, & Rollins, 1995). Infants and young children appear to be mobilized by curiosity and driven by an intense need to explore, interact with, and discover their environment Therefore, understanding and documenting the importance of young children's motivation to learn is very important. Motivation to learn refers to a competence acquired through general experience that is predominantly stimulated through modeling, communication of expectations, and direct instruction or socialization by significant others (Brophy, 1987). This review of the literature focuses on the importance of young children's motivation to learn in their academic and social competencies, the effects of the quality of teacher-student relationships on their motivation to learn, and the implications for students who exhibit poor motivation in the early years at school years through the lenses of Self-Determination and Expectancy-Value for Achievement Motivation theories.


1. A method for transmitting scheduling request (SR) in a wireless communication system, carried in a user equipment, the method comprising: configuring a physical uplink control (PUCCH) for a SR in a subframe, the subframe comprising two slots, and each slot comprises a first set of multiple access symbol frequency division on a single carrier channel (SC-FDMA), and a second set of SC-FDMA symbols, wherein one SC-FDMA symbol of the punctured set of SC-FDMA symbols in one of the two slots for the PUCCH; and! the SR on the PUCCH in the subframe. ! 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:.:! mapping a sounding reference signal (SRS) in the punctured symbol of the SC-FDMA,! transmission of SRS in the subframe. ! 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:.:! receiving from the base station (BS) the simultaneous transmission indicator indicating whether the SR and SRS in a subframe are transmitted. ! 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:.:! receiving from the BS a specific subframe configuration parameter indicating at least one sub-frame, which is transmitted SRS. ! 5. The method of claim. 1, wherein the punctured SC-FDMA symbol is the last SC-FDMA symbol of the subframe. ! . 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of configuring PUCCH for SR includes for SC-FDMA symbols in each slot: mapping of the corresponding sequence of the plurality of frequency domain sequences to each SC-FDMA symbol in the first set of SC-FDMA symbols, thereby forming a first set of mapped frequency domain sequences; ! mapping of the corresponding sequence of the plurality of frequency domain sequences to each SC-FDMA symbol in the second set of characters SC-FDMA, the meat


Mining activities do not always bring prosperity but can have an impact on natural disasters that bring disaster if not managed properly. The focus of this research on the implementation of Government Regulation Number 78 of 2010 on Reclamation and Post-Mining (Study at PT Antam Cikotok in Lebak Regency of Banten Province). This research uses a qualitative method with case study design. This study found that the implementation of PT Antam Cikotok reclamation and post-mining is not implemented properly. Poor openness and coordination lead to public discontent and lead to the rise of illegal mining. The interests of the target group have not been well accommodated. The reclamation program is considered less qualified. The policy variables of policy implementation according to Grindle (1980) theory such as the power, interests, and strategies of the implementors have not been satisfactory; the characteristics of the institution and the regime in power in favor of reclamation; the level of compliance and responsiveness of the target group is unresponsive, due to the rise of illegal miners. Obstacles in the implementation of reclamation are lack of coordination and openness from PT. Antam to the public. There are several parties that protect illegal mining such as local entrepreneurs, adat stakeholders, village heads and security forces. The government is also less assertive in curbing illegal miners.


Abstract
This chapter presents an understanding of the nature, peculiarities and factors that influence decision-making by executives and managers across the various sub-regions of Africa. Focusing on factors such as culture, faith, ethics, information paucity and institutions, the chapter examines the prevailing nature of decision-making in West Africa, East Africa, Northern Africa and Southern Africa. Interestingly, decision-making in these regions is characterised by unique features and peculiarities. The Ubuntu African philosophy was used to illustrate the traditional African lifestyle and decision-making practice. Drawing from both traditional and contemporary decision-making approaches, it identifies similarities as well as differences in the approach employed by decision-makers across the various sub-regions of Africa. To clearly articulate the similarities and differences, interviews and surveys were used to gather data from managers operating in these regions. Factor analysis enabled the description of underlying factors that drive decision-making within each region. The chapter further illustrates a framework for decision-making practice in Africa, which shows the dynamics and important features of decision-making among executives in Africa. The author describes decision- making as an essential competence for managers and posits that being cognisant of the factors that influence decision-making significantly improves organisational performance. In conclusion, it recommends suitable strategies that enhance the quality of decision-making for both managers and educators.


In order to provide more information about phytochemical composition of Tunisian Ephedra alata known for their
medicinal uses, fatty acids, volatile compounds and alkaloids have been analyzed in fresh or dry plant materials whether
powdered or not. Extraction was performed with hexane and ethanol in soxhlet extractor and all extracts were analyzed by
GC-MS. Phosphomolybdenum, DPPH and FRAP methods were used to evaluate their antioxidant activities. The dry matter
present a more diversified fatty acids composition dominated by palmitic acid, oleic acid and linolelaidic acid.
Hydrocarbons represent the largest group of volatile compounds, followed by alcohols. The most known detected
ephedrine-type alkaloid characteristic of the Ephedra genus are dominated by pseudoephedrine, norephedrine,
ethylephedrine. Some other compounds are mentioned for the first time in E. alata alkaloids such as azetidine, 1,2-
dimethyl-3-phenylaziridine, N-ethyl benzamide and N-methyl-mandelamide. Lower total antioxidant and anti-radicular
effects were shown with hexane extracts and alkaloid fractions instead the ferric reducing antioxidant power test showed
the highest results with obtained alkaloid from powdered fresh and dry plant materials.
Lipids, volatile compounds and alkaloids in E. alata that have been assessed could provide possible roles in case of human
breast cancer and health benefits and therefore a research on this plant might be of value in drug industry.


Semi-supervised clustering combines unsupervised clustering algorithms with limited background knowledge.However,setting of kernel parameters involved in SSKK(semi-supervised kernel-based kmeans) is still needed to manually regularize.The chosen value of critical parameters will largely effect on the result.The pair constraints were incorporated into clustering object function,and kernel parameters were optimized iteratively during clustering process till to determine optimal RBF kernel.Furthermore,SSKKOK algorithm was proposed,which was based on optimal kernel computation and SSKK algorithm.The experiment demonstrates the algorithm can not only utilize the effect of SSKK,but also automatically set involved parameters.


Clinical prediction models to classify lung nodules often exclude patients with mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathy, although the presence of mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathy does not always indicate malignancy. Herein, we developed and validated a multimodal prediction model for lung nodules in which patients with mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathy were included.


Chemodynamical disc galaxy simulations coupled with stellar populations
 synthesis models allow to build multi-wavelength images from numerical
 simulations, and then to follow their morphological evolution in colour and
 not only on the mass distribution. Using such technique, we present the
 evolution of several photometric observables, of the Tully-Fisher relation,
 as well as the evolution of disc structural parameters.


In this paper we will deepen in the analysis of the Cuadernos de Historia de Espana from diferents points of view related to the history of the historiography and the intellectual history, conceiving the review as a privileged observer through which to analyze the life and scientist production of Claudio Sanchez-Albornoz. At the same time, we propose to analyzed differents aspects of his academic network.


In order to study the effection of the small molecules(SC1) in maintaining embryonic stem cell self-renewal state,the experiment investigated formation of ICM outgrowths and isolation of embryonic stem cells from mouse embryos of Kunming specie,which were used as the starting material while mitomycin C-inactivated MEF as the feeder layer.In the serum-free medium added with SC1 in different concentration of 0.3,1 and 3 μmol/L instead of LIF and LIF added as control.The results demonstrated that the formation rates of ICM outgrowths were significant highter than control group,and the second passage rate in the medium added with 0.3 μmol/L SC1 were higher than added with 1 μmol/L and 3 μmol/L,the ES cells maintained undifferentiating for 7 passages,and maintained undifferentiating for 6 passages without feeder layer cells.The isolated cells were positive for AKP staining and immunofluorescence analysis positive against antigens of Oct4,Nanog and Sox2.In conclusion,SC1 can maintain the pluripotency and undifferentiation of ES cells from Kunming mouse without LIF and feeders.cells.


The accuracy of moving object detection based on traditional Gaussian mixture model is not high. In order to solve this problem,an improved method for moving object detection was proposed,which could improve the accuracy of moving object detection by Gaussian mixture model with spatial local correlation. Firstly,the Gaussian mixture model was built for each pixel in image,and the algorithm of the updating the variance coefficients based on the number of model matching was used to solve the problem that the variance converged slowly in traditional method. Then,the energy function of the Markov random field was redefined and combined with the spatial local correlation,and an adaptive threshold was obtained for moving object detection. By using the public available test data set from IBM Research,the experiments were carried out. Test results illustrate that the proposed method can adapt to the dynamic scenes much better,and obtain more accurate results of moving object detection.


Mycobacterial diseases rank among the most common chronic diseases of bacterial etiology found in fish worldwide. In the food industry, particularly in tropical and subtropical countries, mycobacterial infections may significantly decrease fish production. In addition, certain mycobacterial species (Particularly M. marinum, M. fortuitum and M. chelonae) can cause contagious skin infections in humans (Under particular conditions) transmitted from fish. Diagnostic pathological techniques of mycobacteriosis are usually based on the examination of suspect fish. Gross and histologic lesions of necrogranulomas containing acid-fast bacilli give strong clues towards the involvement of Mycobacterium. Submissions of samples to a laboratory for diagnosis should include suitable specimens of fish, that is suspected to be involved and a full clinical history. Through a systematic examination of the whole body, organs and tissues (Necropsy), external pathological changes like skin ulcers, scale loss, nodular formations in the fin bases and unilateral or bilateral exophthalmia can be seen. Internally, the most significant macroscopic pathological change is the presence of miliary white to greyish nodules in the kidney, spleen and liver. Histopathological examination of spleen, kidney and liver reveals granulomatous lesions characterized by a central region constituted by epitheloid cells surrounded by mononuclear inflammatory cells, especially lymphocytes. However, most of the granulomatous lesions present a central necrotic region surrounded by an inflammatory tissue capsule rich in mononuclear cells. In some ZiehlNeelsen staining sections, it is possible to observe acid-fast bacilli in the core of the granulomas. Because culturing the Mycobacterium spp. is difficult and time consuming, using molecular techniques (PCR-based techniques) allow rapid diagnosis and identify organisms to the species level on tissue and blood specimens.


The significance of the issue under study is stipulated by a social order for targeted preparation of staff for a craft type of companies. The aim of the article is development and approbation of structural-functional model of continuous craftsman education. The main research method of the given issue is modeling which enables to see the issue as a process of targeted, continuous and conscious acquiring of vocational competences by future craftsmen, in the course of formal, non-formal and informal education. The article presents a structural-functional model of continuous craftsman education that includes formal, non-formal and informal education and outlines a complex of organizational-pedagogical conditions contributing to implementation of this model. The contents of the article might be of interest for students of craft trades, all categories of vocational-pedagogical workers, specialists of state government institutions in the area of vocational education.


The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary protein resources replaced by cottonseed meal hydrolysate on growth performance,serum biochemical indices and intestinal digestive enzyme activities of Cyprinus carpio var.Jian(48.56±1.39) g.Fish were divided into 3 groups and fed with different diets.Group Ⅰ was fed with basal diet,group Ⅱ with the basal diet in which 2% fish meal was replaced by equivalent cottonseed meal hydrolysate,and group Ⅲ with the basal diet in which 2% plant protein resources(1%soybean meal+0.5%rapeseed meal+0.5% cottonseed meal) was replaced by equivalent cottonseed meal hydrolysate.The result showed that weight gain ratios and specific growth rates of group Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ(P0.05).Feed conversion ratios of group Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly lower than that of group Ⅰ(P0.05).Viscera somatic index and hepato somatic index of group Ⅱ and Ⅲ were lower than that of group Ⅰ.Protein contents of whole fish of group Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ(P0.05).Activities of Lysozyme,Alkaline phosphatase in serum and protease in intestine of group Ⅱ and Ⅲ were higher than that of group Ⅰ.


Because violent crime in general, and homicide in particular, has not posed a particularly significant problem in Great Britain, studies of homicide in that country are relatively sparse, and research on workplace homicide is nonexistent. This article is an initial attempt to shed some light on this phenomenon in Great Britain. The writers first discuss the methodological problems they encountered; then, using the Homicide Index from the Home Office for 1982-1992, they proceed to analyze these data using such variables as the method of killing, apparent circumstances of the event, and characteristics of both victims and offenders. The findings suggest that the premises identified as being at high risk for workplace homicide in the United States are also locations of high risk in England and Wales. Retail shops, small businesses, fast-food restaurants, and eating and drinking establishments are all highly vulnerable to workplace homicide both in the United States and in England and Wales.


The focus of our project is to develop testing conditions that involve interaction of Autonomous Vehicles with pedestrians. We aim to simulate all possible situations that could happen in real world deployment involving pedestrians using robots. The project involves mapping of the possible paths robots (footpaths and zebra crossings) can move using collaborative method and then navigate through the map to execute the test cases.


Abstract Subway delays would affect passengers' travels and cause panic, having massive impacts on urban transit systems. Analyzing causes and the duration of subway delays would necessarily assist operational departments to take effective measures to alleviate the negative impact. Using Hong Kong subway incident data from 2005 to 2009, a text-based analysis of Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) model is developed to explore significant variables affecting subway delays and predict time lost as a result of subway delays. The results of this study suggest that a proposed mixture model outperforms the classical AFT model, because it utilizes topic model to extract candidate variables from textual information. In this way, factors affecting delays can be found. Beside the fact, that the results illustrate that non-device related factors i.e., human related factors, accidents and foreign object invasion cause longer delays. In conclusion, this study helped to develop predictions and thereby can reduce delays, minimizing the negative impact on the subway service and the passengers.


Arsenic (As) accumulation in plant tissues is an emerging threat to crop productivity and global food security. As-toxicity in soil is increasing at alarming rates through mining, pesticide applications and industrial revolution. Therefore, a novel study was conducted to disclose the role of vitamin B1 (thiamine) and Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in maize (Zea mays L.) against different As stress levels, i.e., 0, 50 and 100 mg/kg sodium arsenite (NaAsO2). Seeds of two contrasting maize varieties Akbar and Pearl were primed with different treatments, i.e., control (non-primed seeds), thiamine (250 ppm), IAA (30 µM) and a mixture of thiamine (250 ppm) + IAA (30 µM). Of both As stress levels (50, 100 mg/kg), a higher As stress level (100 mg/kg) imparts maximum negative impacts on maize growth by decreasing shoot and root nutrient ions—potassium (K), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), total phenolics, total soluble proteins—as compared to the control, while increases in catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), malondialdehyde MDA, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), proline, total soluble sugars, free amino acids and ascorbic acid were recorded under As-stress as compared to control. The varietal differences showed that Pearl exhibited tolerance against As-stress as compared to Akbar. However, thiamine and IAA treated seeds of maize manifested remarkable enhancement in plant growth attributes with better chlorophyll, plant water status, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants activities under imposed As-stress. The growth and biomass significantly increased with priming treatments of thiamine and IAA under both As-stress levels of both varieties that suggests the role of these in As-stress tolerance. Overall, the performance order in improving growth under As-stress of thiamine and IAA treatments was thiamine + IAA > thiamine > IAA observed in both maize varieties.


— Metal casting is one of the oldest methods of manufacturing. It has played a vital role in the development and advancement of human civilizations. Metal casting process is very simple to understand but still it involves many variables which make it very complex to design and run. For good quality design of casting, knowledge of three fundamental fields is required which are Fluid mechanics, Heat transfer and Metallurgy. Defects like shrinkage cavity, porosity, and sink can be avoided by proper designing of feeding system. For designing purpose many software are available in the market which uses different algorithm for solving solidification and filling problems in casting. In present work, AUTOCAST XI (based on Gradient Vector Method) casting simulation software has used for design and simulation of casting. The proposed approach overcomes the difficulty of controlling process parameters in foundries (mainly due to manual processes and unskilled labors), by making the design more robust (less sensitive) with respect to process parameters.


Abstract We perform an extensive investigation of different specifications of the BEKK-type multivariate volatility models for a moderate number of assets, focusing on how the degree of parametrization affects forecasting performance. Because the unrestricted specification may be too generously parameterized, often one imposes restrictions on coefficient matrices constraining them to have a diagonal or even scalar structure. We frame all three model variations (full, diagonal, scalar) as special cases of a ridge-type regularized estimator, where the off-diagonal elements are shrunk towards zero and the diagonal elements are shrunk towards homogeneity. Our forecasting experiments with BEKK-type Conditional Autoregressive Wishart model for realized volatility confirm the superiority of the more parsimonious scalar and diagonal model variations. Even though sometimes a moderate degree of regularization of the diagonal and off-diagonal parameters may be beneficial for forecasting performance, it does not regularly lead to tangible performance improvements irrespective of how precise is tuning of regularization intensity. Additionally, our results highlight the crucial importance of frequent model re-estimation in improving the forecast precision, and, perhaps paradoxically, a slight advantage of shorter estimation windows compared to longer windows.


Dolomite is an important component of the global calcium cycle, being a source of Ca to the oceans [1]. Calcium released to the oceans by dolomitization of chalk and limestones can potentially be quantified using marine Ca isotope records [2]. However, little is known about Ca isotope fractionation and the Ca isotopic composition of dolomitic rocks. Theoretical calculations point to a -2 ‰ depletion in !44/40Ca of dolomite relative to calcite at 25°C [3]. Ordovician dolostones interbedded with limestones were reported to be depleted in !44/40Ca by -0.6 ‰ relative to the limestones [4]. We have investigated dolomites from an ODP core (Site 183-1140) drilled at the Northern Kerguelen Plateau (46.3°S 68.5°E, 2394 mbsl). The core penetrated 235 m of nannofossil ooze and chalk of early Oligocene to middle Miocene age, and 88 m of pillow basalts forming the basement for the sediments. The basalts erupted at about 34 Ma (latest Eocene) [5]. An interbedded chalk layer was found in the basalt, about 40 m below the top of the basement. The chalk was partly dolomitized at the contact with the basalt. We measured oxygen, carbon, calcium and radiogenic strontium isotopes of bulk chalk and dolomite samples. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios indicate an age of dolomitization of about 10 Ma (late Miocene). Dolomitization obviously occurred about 20 Ma after eruption of the basalts, in a deep burial setting. Oxygen isotope values of chalk and dolomite demonstrate that dolomitization occurred at slightly elevated temperatures (1020°C). The calcium isotopes of the dolomite are enriched in !44/40Ca by about +0.5 ‰ compared to the chalk. This is in contrast to the depletion of !44/40Ca in dolomite reported in the literature. On the other hand, dolomite veins in ocean crust basalts (DSDP/ODP Sites 37-332 and 129-801) are depleted in !44/40Ca compared to calcite veins of similar age. Fluid composition, diagenetic history and kinetic isotope fractionation have to be considered when interpreting Ca isotope values of dolomite.


The Pacific–Japan (PJ) pattern, also known as the East Asia–Pacific pattern, is a teleconnection that significantly influences the East Asian summer climate on various time scales. Based on several reanalysis and observational datasets, this study suggests that the PJ pattern has experienced a distinct three-dimensional structural change in the late 1990s. Compared with those during 1979–98, the PJ pattern shifts eastward by approximately 20° during 1999–2015, and the intensity of its barotropic structure in the extratropics weakens significantly. As a result, its influences on the summer rainfall along the mei-yu band are weakened after the late 1990s. These observed changes can be attributed to three reasons. First, the location where the PJ pattern is excited shifts eastward. Second, the easterly shear of the background wind is very weak around the source region of the PJ pattern after the late 1990s, which prevents the convection-induced baroclinic mode from converting into barotropic mode and thereby from propagating into the extratropics. Third, the PJ pattern–induced rainfall anomalies are weak along the mei-yu band after the late 1990s. As a result, their feedbacks to the PJ pattern become weak and play a considerably reduced role in maintaining the structure of the PJ pattern in the midlatitudes. In contrast, the eddy energy conversion from the basic flow efficiently maintains the PJ pattern before and after the late 1990s and thereby contributes little to the observed change.


European colonisation of south-eastern Australia brought Aboriginal people into contact with a vast array of new material culture items. These were often first introduced via 'gift giving' and exchange in an attempt to create and cement social alliances. Many Aboriginal people engaged in the new economy including the cash economy via trade and exchange, employment and what the Europeans described as begging. For the most part such engagements have not been systematically studied or analysed. In Melbourne, Kulin people used a form of economic action that Europeans perceived to be 'begging' as a means to engage with the settler economy from the very earliest days of contact. Although there were other mechanisms used by Aboriginal people to obtain funds and material culture, begging was highly visible and tended to elicit negative responses from the settlers. In this chapter, I explore Aboriginal economic engagement and what was described as begging. I argue that this was far from a mere opportunistic strategy for the acquisition of money, food and other goods, but was perceived by the Kulin as a viable, justifiable form of economic engagement – a kind of reciprocity for what they had lost. This was both economic entrepreneurialism and agency as the Kulin shifted their traditional econoscape to accommodate the new resources presented by European colonisation. In using the term econoscape I am drawing on the working of Arjun Appadurri, via the Australian analysis of Rae Norris.3 An econoscape refers to the mode of production, its variability and capacity to change. It is overlain with cultural relevance and recognises that different cultural groups will perceive these differently. I use this term to describe the economic landscape of the Kulin. This framework allows an interrogation of three interwoven themes: begging and reciprocity; wages, employment and begging; and finally, the longevity of begging as a form of economic engagement.


Summary Concentration of milk by reverse osmosis is severely hindered by the formation of deposits on the membrane. Electron micrographs of this deposit show a thin (11nm) continuous electron-dense layer adjacent to the membrane. An electronlucent zone (10–15nm thick) separates this layer from the main bulk of the deposit which is 30 μm thick and consists largely of granules with some vesicles in a diffuse matrix. The density of packing of the granules increases with proximity to the membrane. Their appearance, size and digestion with pronase suggest that these are milk protein granules. The order and nature of these various layers could explain the pattern of flux decline.


This study compared the effects of three auditory background conditions—no sound, intermittent sound, and continuous sound—on level of arousal in infants. The study also investigated responsiveness to discrete auditory stimuli superimposed upon these background conditions. The results indicated that level of arousal was decreased by continuous sound and increased by intermittent sound, relative to the no sound condition. Measures of level of arousal included state, respiration, heart rate, and motor activity. Responsiveness to discrete auditory stimuli, superimposed upon the background conditions and measured by evoked responses, was not predictable from indices of arousal level.


The sections in this article are:

1
Definitions and Properties of Trees

2
Techniques of Airway Casting
2.1
Inflation

2.2
Fixation

2.3
Filling Pressure

2.4
Casting Material

3
Human Airway Morphometry
3.1
Definitions

3.2
Conducting Airways

3.3
Number of Conducting Airways

3.4
Variability of Airway Dimensions

3.5
Morphometric Parameters

3.6
Intra-acinar Airways

3.7
Bifurcations

3.8
Branching Angle

3.9
Diameter Ratios

4
Determinants of Airway Size and Shape
4.1
Diameter Ratios, Length Ratios, and Branching Ratios

4.2
Branching Angles

5
Models of Airways
5.1
Symmetrical Model With Connectivity

5.2
Symmetrical Model Without Connectivity

5.3
Asymmetrical Models With Connectivity

5.4
Asymmetrical Models Without Connectivity

5.5
Merits and Demerits of the Models

6
Conclusion


PUTRAJAYA; The 370 million youths who form 60 per cent of the total 620million ASEAN popula
tion play a crucial role in shaping the Asean Community which is led by Malaysia as Asean chairman this year


Earl Marshall Under 9s Team photo, with manager and coaches in the blue and yellow kit sponsored by Pinstone Eyecare


The analytical solution for heating of the layer of massive bodies regular shape, that located in a moving gas stream, has developed. Uniform procedure for calculating the number of members in a solution is proposed, that allows calculations with an arbitrary number of terms in the expansion. Effectiveness of the procedure is shown in the example of solving the problem of unsteady heat transfer in a moving bed of spherical particles.


System research of process of formation of the expert for army and fleet caused need in development of programs for their high-quality preparation in the pre-university educational institutions of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, in which in this or that form the preparation for office professional activity in armed forces or to entering the higher education institutions of power ministries and departments is carried out. The children aged from 11-12 years till 17-18 years are trained in these educational institutions. Process of training is regulated by the Uniform state educational standard under the programs developed by the educational department and Department of military education and approved by Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. Pupils receive senior secondary education and thus study the list of subjects of military preparation. Obligatory subject of the program of training in these educational institutions is the physical preparation, which main objectives are: expansion of motor experience of the children and formation of need in systematic occupations by physical exercises and sports.


The impending deregulated environment facing the electric utilities in the twenty first century is both a challenge and an opportunity for a variety of technologies and operating scenarios. The need to provide acceptable power quality and reliability will create a very favorable climate for the entry of distributed resources and innovative operating practices. Of all the different parts of an electric power system, customers identify closely with the distribution subsystem due to its proximity and visibility on a daily basis. Several recent developments have encouraged the entry of power generation and energy storage at the distribution level. Distributed resources (DR) is a term that encompasses both distributed generation (DG) and distributed energy storage (DS). A distributed utility will use both distributed resources and load management to achieve its goal. In addition, several compact distributed generation technologies are fast becoming economically viable. Integration of DG into an existing utility can result in several benefits. These benefits include line loss reduction, reduced environmental impacts, peak shaving, increased overall energy efficiency, relieved transmission and distribution congestion, voltage support, and deferred investments to upgrade existing generation, transmission, and distribution systems. Benefits are not limited to utility. Customers also benefit from DG in term of better quality of supply at lower cost. Among the many benefits of distributed generation is a reduced line loss. The purpose of this paper is to quantify this benefit for the simple case of a radial distribution feeder with concentrated load and distributed generator. With the introduction of DG, line loss reduction can be expected. The analysis is presented for varying locations of the distributed generator along the feeder and for varying output capacities. The results are presented in graphical form in terms of clearly-defined normalized parameters


An ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) is commonly used to help subjects with weakness of ankle dorsiflexor muscles due to peripheral or central nervous system disorders. Both these disorders are due to the weakness of the tibialis anterior muscle which results in lack of dorsiflexion assist moment. The deformity and muscle weakness of one joint in the lower extremity influences the stability of the adjacent joints, thereby requiring compensatory adaptations. We present an innovative ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) that was designed to allow two degree-of-freedom motion while serving to maintain proper foot position for subjects. The prototype AFO would introduce greater functionality over currently marketed devices by means of its inversion-eversion degree-of-freedom in addition to flexion/extension. The flexion/extension is controlled with the help of an actuator and inversion/eversion with a spring and a damper.


Objective To investigate the correlation between the grading nursing care、the inpatients' direct care time and the degree of satisfaction, and describe the correlation among these variables. Methods The satisfaction to assess measurements of nursing and patients' 24 hours direct-care time were evaluating indicators. Results There was no correlation between the grading nursing care, the direct-care time of inpatients and the degree of satisfaction. Conclusion The current grading nursing care system can not meet the demand of practical work and should be improved.


From october 1980 to september 1981, at Estacao Experimental de Zootecnia de Pindamonhangaba. State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, calf gastro intestinal infections were correlated with weather conditions. Monthly, 2 weaning tracer were placed in 1.0 ha Brachiaria decumbens paddock previously infested with faeces helminth eggs of 14 calves (300 EPC faeces), Thirty days after, calves were killed and counted their tract gastrointestinal parasites. Cooperia, Hoemonchus and Trichostrongylus were the more prevalent, being Cooperia found all over the experimental period. Trichostrongylus axei was found during the dry season and Haemonchus contortus in the months of intensive rainfail (P<0.05). October to march period, showed 56,6% of the total annual gastrointestinal parasites recuperated from the animal tracts.


Ijtihad: Deriving rules from the epistemological courses of the Qur'an and the sunnah (see below). MAQADIR Al-Amwal: Quantity of objects of value. Maqasid As-Shari'ah: Purpose and objective of the Islamic Law. Maslaha (Wal-Ihtisan): Wellbeing by the public purpose. Miyar Al-Amwal: Measurement of object of value. Muamalat: Worldly affairs. Mudarabah: Profit-sharing by participatory means in the absence of interest rates. Mujtahid: The learned in Islamic scholarship based on the shari'ah. Murabaha: Markup pricing. Musharakah: Equity-financing in joint venture in the absence of interest rates. Tariqa: Practices and fellowship of sufis. Tasbih: Worshipping world-system on the basis of monotheistic consciousness. Tasbih-Shura: Integrating shura with tasbih for gaining monotheistic consciousness. Ummah: The world nation of Islam. Zakah: Wealth tax for meeting social equality by means of redistribution of wealth according to the shari'ah.


Rice contributes around 45 per cent of India's cereal production and it is a main food source for more than 60 percent population in the country. India accounts for about 20-25 percent of the rice in the world trade. Rice is cultivated in 43.86 m ha with the production level of 104.80million tones and annual productivity of 2390 kg/ha. Rice crop suffers with many biotic and abiotic stresses that incite severe economic yield losses. The major diseases of rice includes blast, sheath rot, sheath blight, brown spot and bacterial leaf blight that accounts yield losses by 15-20 percent. Rice grain discoloration was reported as independent disease causing significant yield losses (Prabhu et al., 2012; Ashfaq et International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 4 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Realisation of signal dividers/combiners (D/C's) using helix transmission lines which consist of closely wound dielectric-coated copper wires with an inner dielectric-coated copper conductor are considered for use at VHF and UHF bands.


The invention relates to a nanomaterial, more specifically relates to monoamino alkyl terminated polysiloxane modified carbon nanotubes, and relates to a preparation method of the monoamino alkyl terminated polysiloxane modified carbon nanotubes. The method comprises the step of carrying out a reaction of carboxylated carbon nanotubes with monoamino alkyl terminated polysiloxane in the presence of a condensation agent.