The lacquer work, which has been developed in the race living on the rice such as Korea, China, Japan, Vietnam, Myanmar and India, is related to each country and times. Also it has been updated as the distinctive art work properly for geographical, natural and cultural condition.
Showing distinctive symbolization and decoration as well as balancing with the level of life and development of spiritual culture at each times, the mother of pearl work symbolizing Korean lacquer work is placed to the principal craft in terms of racial independence.
At the view of periodical feature, it was the pure mother of pearl work that was the main part before three countries was reigning but in the middle of the period of three countries it was the technique of colored picture using colors.
The plane techniques at the period of unified Shin-Ra and the mother of pearl works at Koryo times were so developed that the mother of pearl work had the support of public at times controlled by Cho-Sun.
On the basis of storiesmentioned above, eventually the mother of pearl work has had the great reputation which is well fit to geographical and natural condition in Korea.
The term of lamina is being used as the major term among many words in the mother of the pearl work in addition to be recognized as the main material used for making the pieces of works.
There are many significant differences in lamina when considering the various kinds of works, uses, effectiveness and shapes being used for other objectives.
Actually almost of natural materials for the mother of pearl work is depending on the exported ones.
But most countries have troubles in serving the demand and supply of natural materials due to the environment problems widely in the world.
With the study of historical backgrounds about how to use shell through the history of Juleumjil, the production of shell, the kinds of shell for Juleumjil, and the feature etc, I would like to help craftsmen inherit the mother of pearl work as possible as I can along with the students studying the craft.


The present article considers some problems of pseudonymics. We use a number of resources for our research, such as reference books, dictionaries, magazines, newspapers and internet sites. Different reasons for the use of pseudonyms in the 19-21 centuries are described. It is proved that well-chosen pseudonyms have helped stage artists of the 20-21 centuries achieve their fame.


FIELD: cryogenic engineering. SUBSTANCE: elements of technological processes, containers and pipes are made from superstrength low-alloy steels containing lesser than 9 mas.% of nickel at rupture strength higher than 830 MPa (120 kg per sq.in) and ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) below -73 C (- 100 F). EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 17 cl, 13 dwg


The electrochemical oxidation and reduction of chemisorbed ligninsulfonic acid species and of aromatic compounds simulating lignin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylsulfonic acid, vanillic alcohol) were examined at the platinum electrode. It was shown that the slow step of the oxidation and reduction processes is the reaction of the chemisorbed organic species with H/sub ads/ and OH/sub ads/ species generated electrochemically from the solvent. The drop in steady-state coverage which is found to occur with all the materials studied at E/sub r/ 0.2 v is not due to any electrooxidation process, since electrooxidation of the chemisorbed species only starts to occur with noticeable rates at E/sub r/ > 0.7 V.


Introduction Islamic revivalism and its possible effects on global security and culture have received considerable attention in recent years from many scholars. One such scholar is Anwar-il-Haq Ahady who has argued that religious assertiveness among Muslims and the strength of Muslim radicals are in fact declining.(1) However, recent developments in the Middle East, South Asia, and Southeast Asia, where the majority of the populations are Muslim, suggest the opposite. Islam remains one of the most dominant factors influencing politics and, in some countries, it has a major influence on socio-political life. The victory of Necmettin Erbakan's Islamist political party in the 1996 Turkish general elections, and the strong sense of brotherhood among Muslim countries in the Balkan crises show that the wave of Islamic revivalism is still prevalent. To many people, Islamic revivalism is a sense of going back to the basic tenets of Islamic teaching, purifying oneself from evil doings, and discarding materialistic values imported from the West. Yet, it is more than that. Islam is no longer seen as simply a creed but as ad deen waduniah or "both faith and a way of life". As Jansen argues, Islam is ... a vast and integrated system of law, it is a culture and a civilization; it is an economic system and a way of doing business; it is a polity and a method of governance; it is a special sort of society...".(2) Moreover, the conviction that Islam is a "faith as well as a method of governance/a polity" (Islam deen wa dawla)(3) has become the salient theme of Islamic revivalism world-wide for the past two decades. It is a belief that Islam does not recognize any separation between politics and religion. The power of the Islamic language became more obvious during the pre-independence struggle in many Muslim countries. Even today, the struggle to uphold Islam as deen wa dawla still continues and is a major issue in many Muslim countries, particularly Pakistan, Egypt, and Malaysia. This article attempts to examine Islamic revivalism in Malaysia - known as the "dakwah"(14) phenomenon - since the early 1980s, as part of a socio-political movement. The main focus is the effect which this revivalism, and the Malaysian Government's and various political parties' response to it, have had, and may continue to have, on Malay unity and Malaysian societal cohesion. Another focus of the article is to inquire whether there is a systematic linkage between Malay unity and national security. Malaysia's national security is defined here as the security of the polity in domestic terms (as opposed to security from external threats). For the purposes of our inquiry, however, the aspects of national security which will be discussed include those relating to the cohesiveness of Malay and Malaysian society: Malay unity is of crucial importance for the security of the polity, as the Malays dominate the political system and form its backbone. Questions remain, however, whether if we accept internal threats as part of the national security problem, the distinction between the security of the government and the security of the state or nation would be a controversial notion. Furthermore, the government may use it to justify and legitimize its actions in using force against political opposition. But the Third World's security equation is different.(5) Once internal threats are accepted as part of a national security problem, questions arise about making a distinction between state security and regime security. This is essentially because internal threats are generally associated with threats to governments or regimes. To quote an analyst of Third World security: "The fate of the government cannot be wholly separated from the issue of national security..."(6) The government is a symbol and manifestation of the state. Although the collapse of the government may not directly affect the state as a whole, the "congenital weaknesses of government can bring into question the integrity and the existence of the state". …


With the aim of providing the enterprise's profitability there is an actual problem of searching the effective marketing technologies that would promote the value of commodity for consumers. It is important to point effort at brand capitalization, using totality of marketing instruments; one of basic aspect is price. The essence of brand pricing and brand value as an important constituent of price politics taking into account the marketing and expense approach to pricing is considered in the article. Essence of brands pricing, main purposes of the enterprises, that produce brands, their varieties and methods of achievement, is considered. The row of key factors that directly influence on brand cost and its value for consumers is set. The basic approaches to the process of forming the price of branded commodity, their strengths and weaknesses is proved. The basic differences of brands pricing from ordinary trademarks, the basic constituents of successful brand, their structure, role and influence, are analyzed on the consumers' decision are established. The value of brand equity, its description, advantage of brand possessing, and also influence on pricing on the whole is investigated. The basic categories of brands depending on price and quality of commodity, their value for consumers were determined. The process of price setting on the branded commodity that consists of some basic stages they are: determination of commodity cost taking into account the charges on producing goods and minimum mark-up; prices coregulation to the standard of prices of commodities-analogues from firms-competitors; determination of size of extra charge for unique trade suggestion, that commodity contains; determination of extra charge for marketing possibilities of company and degree of possessing the channels of distribution; adding to the price a certain price bonus for a brand. The types of strategies that are used for brand pricing taking into account the selected method of its positioning at the market and aims of pricing are established: strategy of skimming; strategy of cost penetration; strategy of stable prices; strategy of price discrimination; strategy of price leadership and others, and also their descriptions and separate features are considered. The influence of such factor as loyalty of consumers on forming the branded cost of commodity is shown. Psychological methods that are needed to be used for forming and adjustment of brand price that will give an opportunity to promote profitability of enterprise activity, retain and fix market positions of the enterprise and its brands are generalized.


In this study an experimental investigation has been carried out on compression ignition engine to understand the engine behaviour with respect to its performance and emission characteristics while using Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) Nano particle as additive with a blend of diesel and biodiesel sourced from Jatropha and Pongamia vegetable oils. The Alumina Nano particles are characterized by Xray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The biodiesel is made engine ready with adoptable properties by carrying out standard alkali transesterification process. The alumina Nano particles are blended with jatropha in the mass fractions of 50,100,150 ppm and with Pongamia biodiesel in the mass fractions of 40, 60 ppm using an Ultrasonicator. The experiments are carried out in single cylinder four stroke Variable Compression Ratio diesel engine by varying the load using eddy current dynamometer. The experimental results reveal that there is a significant improvement in the performance characteristics like Brake Thermal Efficiency and Brake Specific Fuel Consumption and considerable reduction in the emission constituents like carbon Monoxide (CO) and Unburned Hydrocarbon (HC) but in turn increase in Nitric oxide (NOx) emissions were observed.


The concept in the initial alignment of the segmented mirror adaptive optics telescope called the phased array mirror extendable large aperture telescope (Pamela) is to produce an optical transfer function (OTF) which closely approximates the diffraction limited value which would correspond to a system pupil function that is unity over the aperture and zero outside. There are differences in the theory of intensity measurements between coherent and incoherent radiation. As a result, some of the classical quantities which describe the performance of an optical system for incoherent radiation can not be defined for a coherent field. The most important quantity describing the quality of an optical system is the OTF and for a coherent source the OTF is not defined. Instead a coherent transfer function (CTF) is defined. The main conclusion of the paper is that an incoherent collimated source and not a collimated laser source is preferred to calibrate the Hartmann wavefront sensor (WFS) of an aligned adaptive optical system. A distant laser source can be used with minimum problems to correct the system for atmospheric turbulence. The collimation of the HeNe laser alignment source can be improved by using a very small pin hole in the spatial filter so only the central portion of the beam is transmitted and the beam from the filter is nearly constant in amplitude. The size of this pin hole will be limited by the sensitivity of the lateral effect diode (LEDD) elements.


During 1906 and 1907,Paul Pelliot led his French expedition team to the Western Regions and made explorations and excavations.In Douldour-Aqour and Soubachi area.They found many broken pieces of historical relics and 249 different numbers and 212 pieces of Chinese documents,of which two were compiled into the documents of Qiuci.These documents were of great significance to the research of history,geology,military,population,economy and administrative organization in Qiuci area of the Tang dynasty.In this paper,the author made a brief analysis of these documents collected by France.


The goal of this investigation is to improve the understanding of the mechanism on prefilming atomization. The coaxial two-fluid prefilming air-blast atomization has two airflows: inner air jet and outer air jet. It is generally believed that droplet size decreases monotonically with increasing gas velocity in air-blast atomization. However, this work shows that in prefilming atomization the droplet size increases with the increase of gas velocity and then decreases with the increase of gas velocity when the velocity of the other airflow is high. The relationship between two air jets in prefilming air-blast atomization is mutual restriction rather than assistance. To investigate the nonmonotonic phenomenon, the modified Kelvin-Helmhotz and Rayleigh-Taylor instability atomization model for the prefilming air-blast nozzle is induced. This study presents the model developed to predict the performance of coaxial atomizers, and the experimental results are consistent with the model estimates.


Background: Job satisfaction can affect workers' behaviour, thereby influencing organisational performance. Workers with low levels of job satisfaction have negative attitudes toward their jobs and may cause depression and anxiety. Purpose: The main aim of this study is to measure the overall job satisfaction among radiographers in Taif city. Methods: This study used the Minnesota Scoring Questionnaire to measure job satisfaction. The data collection was conducted between September 2018 and April 2019 in all major hospitals in Taif. Results: This study revealed that the overall job satisfaction of radiographers was moderate. It is, however, higher among radiographers in armed forces hospitals compared with their counterparts in the Ministry of Health hospitals. The job satisfaction of male radiographers was greater than their female peers. Finally, job satisfaction was high in those who work in advanced modality departments. Conclusion: Job satisfaction is critical for healthcare workers. This study indicated that job satisfaction is moderate for radiographers in Taif hospitals. Factors affecting their satisfaction include the feel of independence and recognition.


This paper gives the handset analog signal generator basing on single chip machine IC-AD654 for the aim of providing analog signal of the sensor to inspect device of the locomotive and locomotive control or microchip excitation system.So the locomotive can be test on still state.The experiment has been done on the field with the result that this system is achieved high precision and easy to operate.


I commend The Royal College of Surgeons' drive to train more female surgeons, as outlined in last month's Student BMJ News.1 The college has identified key stages to tackle in the progression from school leaver to qualified surgeon, in an attempt to increase recruitment and retention of women. Although I do not doubt the college's commitment, I do wonder about its members' insight into the roots of the problem as illustrated by their proposed strategies.

For a student who has entered medical school the college's suggested tactic for redressing the imbalance of the sexes is to organise social events, giving students the opportunity to talk to male and female surgeons. This is a welcome proposition, but is it really all we can look forward to? Is the college really that bereft of appropriate ideas to entice more women into the profession?

As a female medical student who intends to follow a career in surgery I feel qualified to comment from my own experiences in coming to this evidently monumental decision. The desire to pursue a surgical career has not always been there. Like many others I have experienced fleeting aspirations of becoming a surgeon, usually following a brief stint in theatre, where I have been asked to assist. I would come away expressing my gratitude to the consultant and feeling extremely lucky for this rare opportunity. The excitement would soon disappear, along with the fading memory of the event.

My current and sustained enthusiasm to pursue this career path has come from undertaking …


144 35-day-old Nongda No.3 chickens were randomly divided into normal temperature control group (NTCG, which was raised in 22℃), high temperature control group (HTCG) and 2 high temperature treatment group (which were raised in 26-39℃). 5 chickens from each group were killed on 1, 4, 8 and 10 day, respectively. Specimens of duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum were obtained for PAS staining. Then the counts of intestinal mucosa goblet cells were determined by optical microscopy. Results showed that the number of intestinal mucosa goblet cells in HTCG, which was higher than that of the NTCG, tended to decrease with the maintenance of heat stress; both preparations 1 and 2 could increase the counts of intestinal mucosa goblet cells, moreover the former had better effect than the latter.


In real-world problems with candidate solutions that are very expensive to evaluate, Surrogate Models (SMs) mimic the behaviour of the simulation model as closely as possible while being computationally cheaper to evaluate. Due to their nature, SMs can be seen as heuristics that can help to estimate the fitness of a candidate solution without having to evaluate it. In this paper, we propose a new SM based on Genetic Programming (GP) and Radial Basis Function Networks (RBFN), called GP-RBFN Surrogate. More specifically, we use GP to evolve both: the structure of a RBF and its parameters. The SM evolved by our algorithm is tested in one of the most studied NP-complete problem (MAX-SAT) and its performance is compared against RBFN Surrogate, GAs, Random Search and (1+1) ES. The results obtained by performing extensive empirical experiments indicate that our proposed approach outperforms the other four methods in terms of finding better solutions without the need of evaluating a large portion of candidate solutions.


Moments are expectation values of products of powers of position and momentum, taken over quantum states (or averages over a set of classical particles). For free particles, the evolution in the quantum case is closely related to that of a set of classical particles. Here we consider the evolution of symmetrized moments for free particles in one dimension, first examining the geometric properties of the evolution for moments up to the fourth order, as determined by their extrema and inflections. These properties are specified by combinations of the moments that are invariant in that they remain constant under free evolution. An inequality constrains the fourth-order moments and shows that some geometric types of evolution are possible for a quantum particle but not possible classically, and some examples are examined. Explicit expressions are found for the moments of any order in terms of their initial values, for the invariant combinations, and for the moments in terms of these invariants.


The optimal combination of thermal power umit under the mode of certain hydro electric unit is studied,the math model based on certain commting risk of optimal combination under dynamic constrainting is founded by introducing algorithm of dynamic optimal dispatch into hydro thermal power system,thus the optimal combination study is put forward by using algorithm of short path according to the network technique.


Internally transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the rRNA gene cluster in isolates of Ascochyta spp. were amplified and digested with restriction endonucleases. Addition of fragment sizes from conventional gel electrophoresis gave anomalous sizes which suggested the presence of more than one PCR product. Separation in HA-Yellow containing agarose gel allowed the detection of fragments of the same size but with different sequences. Isolates of Ascochyta spp. were shown to possess multiple PCR-amplification products of the same sizes, but with significant sequence differences.


VIOLENCE IN THE HOME: MULTIDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES, by Karel Kurst-Swanger and Jacqueline L. Petcosky. Oxford University Press, 2003. by Karel Kurst-Swanger and Jacqueline L. Petcosky Violence in the Home: Multidisciplinary Perspectives is a book with a mission. Its authors, Kurst-Swanger and Petcosky, first, want us to understand the causes and consequences of and linkages between the various forms of violence that invade the home. They also want us to become knowledgeable about and active in efforts to intervene in and prevent such violence. This quite admirable mission contributes to both this volume's strengths and weaknesses. While we are definitely given a broad brush overview of a variety of forms of violence and how the authors see them as connected, there is often a feeling that an issue has not been developed fully or scrutinized deeply enough. Issues of great importance in the areas of violence in the home, such as power differentials in relationships; race, class, and gender issues in our society; the structure of the system that responses to violence, and psychosocial functioning of abusive persons across generations are extremely complex phenomena which need more than a few paragraphs/pages to adequately address. Granted, to fully examine all of the topics would require volumes, but too little information about a particular subject does not do service to the authors' desire to fully engage us in the changes needed to reduce the violence they discuss. So, if what you are looking for is a book that provides introductory material to the range of violent circumstances that exist within American homes and home-like environments, and pulls them together into


1. Valve actuator, soderzhaschiyosnovnoy engine main shaft, a transmission mechanism comprising a nut and rod, and configured to convert rotary motion into linear motion of the nut rod iprivodnye means arranged to move the rod, wherein the core engine is configured to transmit rotation on the nut through the main shaft and the rod is adapted to open and close the valve during its forward movement, characterized in that it further soderzhitdiff differential mechanism mounted between the main motor and the main shaft and comprising a first input shaft, connecting the differential mechanism with the main motor, and a second input shaft, the output shaft of the differential mechanism is a main shaft, and said drive further comprises a braking device adapted to brake the second vala.2. The actuator of claim 1 wherein the core engine includes at least one servodvigatel.3. The actuator of claim 1, further comprising protivorotatsionny mechanism configured to prevent rotation sterzhnya.4. The actuator of claim 1, wherein the transfer mechanism is a roller-screw pair, wherein the rod comprises a screw thread and between the nut and the rod disposed roliki.5 transmission. The actuator of claim 1, wherein the transfer mechanism is a ball-screw pair, wherein the rod comprises a screw thread and between the nut and the rod disposed shariki.6 transmission. The actuator of claim 1, wherein for the transmission ratios between the first input shaft and the main shaft and between


ABSTRACT Introduction: The supracondylar fracture of the distal humerus is  the  most common pediatric fracture  around the elbow. The currently accepted techniques of  fixation are two lateral parallel wires , cross-wiring technique  from the lateral side, two divergent wires  laterally and two retrograde crossed wires. The retrograde crossed wires  provide the best mechanical stability. Many children with this fracture have swelling around the elbow, making difficult the feeling of  the anatomic landmarks for percutaneous pinning,   increasing the risk of ulnar nerve injury. Objective: To evaluate the correspondence of the   internal antecubital fold line with the internal epicondyle in patients with supracondylar fracture and the incidence of iatrogenic ulnar nerve injuries. Methods: We conducted a series of clinical cases. In the first group we included 56 children with supracondylar fracture Gartland type III, from August 2000 to September 2007, who underwent closed reduction and crossed retrograde nail fixation. In the second group we included 241 (481 elbows) outpatients with no anatomic abnormality. We used the extension of antecubital fold line to find the internal epicondyle in both groups. Results: The prolongation of the antecubital fold line intersected the medial epicondyle in all participants of the first group.  In 96.3% of the participants in the second group, the extension of antecubital fold line intersected the internal epicondyle. None patient had iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury. Conclusions: The use of the antecubital internal fold line may be useful to identify the internal epicondyle and thus avoid iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury. Salud UIS 2012; 44 (2): 9-14 Keywords : Supracondylar humerus fractures, internal antecubital fold line, iatrogenic ,nerve injury. RESUMEN La fractura supracondilea del humero distal es la   mas comun alrededor del codo en ninos. Las tecnicas actualmente aceptadas de fijacion son   dos clavos laterales paralelos, dos clavos cruzados laterales, dos clavos laterales divergentes y dos clavos  retrogrados cruzados. Los clavos retrogrados cruzados, proporcionan la mejor estabilidad mecanica. La mayoria de los ninos con  fractura supracondilea presentan inflamacion alrededor del codo, haciendo  dificil la palpacion de  la epitroclea, aumentando el riesgo de lesion del nervio cubital. Objetivo: evaluar la correspondencia de la linea del pliegue antecubital interno con la epitroclea en pacientes con fractura supracondilea y la incidencia de las lesiones iatrogenicas del nervio cubital. Metodologia: Realizamos una serie de casos clinicos. El primer grupo incluyo  56 ninos con fractura supracondilea tipo III de Gartland, entre  agosto de 2000 a septiembre de 2007,  tratados con reduccion cerrada y fijacion con clavos cruzados retrogrados. El segundo grupo incluyo 241 (481  codos) pacientes de consulta externa.  En ambos grupos utilizamos la linea antecubital interna para identificar la epitroclea. Resultados: La prolongacion de la linea del pliegue antecubital  interseco la epitroclea  en todos los participantes del primer grupo. No hubo lesion iatrogenica del nervio cubital. En el segundo grupo  la linea del pliegue antecubital interseco la epitroclea  en el 96.3% de los pacientes. Ningun paciente presento lesion del nervio cubital. Conclusiones: La extension de la linea de pliegue antecubital interno puede ser util para la identificacion de la epitroclea y asi evitar lesiones iatrogenicas del nervio cubital. Salud UIS 2012; 44 (2): 9-14 Palabras clave: Fracturas supracondileas de humero, Linea antecubital interna, Lesion iatrogenica del Nervio ulnar.


We exhibit a scaling law for the critical SIS stochastic epidemic. If at time 0 the population consists of infected and susceptible individuals, then when the time and the number currently infected are both scaled by , the resulting process converges, as N → ∞, to a diffusion process related to the Feller diffusion by a change of drift. As a consequence, the rescaled size of the epidemic has a limit law that coincides with that of a first passage time for the standard Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. These results are the analogs for the SIS epidemic of results of Martin-Löf (1998) and Aldous (1997) for the simple SIR epidemic.


Citation only. Published in L. Balter (Ed.), Parenthood in America: An Encyclopedia. New York: ABC-CLIO.For full access, check out the book through the USF St. Petersburg Library (HQ755.8.P3783 2000), request it on interlibrary loan, or order it through a book dealer.


The current situation of pollutant generation and emission as well as its treatment of antimony industry in China was systematically investigated.The level of water pollution and the status existing problems of control techniques were analyzed.The research showed that the treatment level of the mining wastewater of antimony industry was low and the fluctuation of the wastewater flow and quality was vast.When the wastewater was not pre-treated,the concentration of the emission into the tailing dam was as high as 11.92 mg/L.The wastewater from smelting process was mainly smelt slag wastewater mixed with cooling water and domestic sewage in small factory.In the smelting process,there were other problems,e.g.sulfur dioxide emission from blast furnaces not reaching national standard,heavy metals in the flue gas having not effectively treated,and arsenic and alkali slag being stockpiled in open-air mode,etc.It was suggested that the cleaner production audits should be strengthened and management on the various wastewaters be enforced to improve the water recycling rate and the comprehensive use of arsenic residue and waste ore.


In this article theoretical reconstruction of staying Russian princes at a court of the khan of Golden Horde in XIII–XV centuries is offered. This work is based on the analysis of Russian chronicles accounts, notes of the Arabian, Chinese and West European travellers.


Roll-finishing of a gear with the surface hardness of HRC=55 was very difficult because of the interference between the tooth tip of the die-wheel and the tooth root of the work-gear. The main purpose of the present report is to roll-finish such a quenched gear. For this purpose, experiments of roll-finishing were carried out using a crowned die-wheel which enables low load operations. Work-gears were cut by hob with a protuberance so as to prevent interference. As a result, it was found that a gradual feed of work-gear in its axial direction contributes to improvement of the tooth form accuracy of a gear with the high surface hardness. Furthermore, investigations of the tooth form of die-wheel after roll-finishing experiments reveal that the distributed loads on the tooth flank of the die-wheel do not exceed the load capacity of die-wheel material, but the tool life of the die-wheel may be shorter than that in roll-finishing of unquenced gears.


The distribution of retinal afferents to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat and the fox has been studied using ocular injections of 3(H)‐leucine and autoradiographic techniques. Whereas fiber degeneration methods have shown only five distinct layers in the lateral geniculate nucleus, autoradiographs show six well defined layers in both species. Laminae A and C receive afferents from the contralateral eye, while laminae A1 and C1 receive from the ipsilateral eye. A retinal input to the region lying between lamina C1 and the optic tract could not be demonstrated by fiber degeneration methods, but this region can now be divided into two distinct layers. The antero‐dorsal of these two layers (lamina C2) receives afferents from the contralateral eye, while the postero‐ventral layer, nearest the optic tract, appears to receive no direct afferents from either eye.


Credit rating agencies (CRAs) are under scrutiny for failing to both anticipate financial crises since the late 1990s and manage their conflicts of interests when assigning ratings to structured products. This article presents an overview of the past and present reforms regarding the credit rating industry. It also makes proposals for regulatory reform. Five areas are worth examining: i) the reliance on CRA ratings in standards, laws and regulations, ii) the competition in the credit rating industry, iii) the conflicts of interests, iv) the controls over the rating methodologies and the rating process, and v) the civil liability of CRAs. This article considers that alternatives to the use of credit ratings in financial regulations are possible in the sovereign rating area. It recommends a tighter supervision of structured products ratings and proposes a new regulatory framework to prevent conflicts of interests. It concludes that CRA ratings cannot be a substitute for institutional investors' due diligence. Classification JEL: G15, G18, G24.


For more than four decades, the methanol-to-hydrocarbons (MTH) reaction has been a successful route to producing valuable fuels and chemicals from non-petroleum feedstocks. This review provides the most comprehensive summary to date of recent research concerning the mechanistic fundamentals of this important reaction, covering different reaction stages. Mechanisms that have been proposed to explain the initial C-C bond formation during the induction stage of the MTH reaction are introduced, including the methoxymethyl cation, Koch carbonylation, carbene and methane-formaldehyde processes. At present, there is no consensus regarding these hypothetical mechanisms as a consequence of the limited amount of conclusive experimental evidence. The steady state of the MTH reaction is also examined with a focus on the widely accepted indirect hydrocarbon pool mechanism and the dual cycle concept that provides a mechanistic basis for the effects of zeolite structures and reaction conditions on product distribution. In the following section, advanced characterization techniques capable of providing new insights into the formation of coke species during the MTH reaction and innovative approaches effectively inhibiting coke formation are introduced. Finally, a summary is provided and perspectives on current challenges and the future development of this area are presented.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on qualitative research conducted to evaluate the sustainability of learning derived from a novel leadership development process which involves a short period of retreat. The findings aim to provide evidence of the impact of an "inside outside" approach to leadership development on the performance of managers back in their organisations. The paper seeks to challenge the traditional approach to the outdoor management development favoured by trainers in the 1990s and offer an alternative learning method that ensures the transfer of practical outcomes to the workplace.Design/methodology/approach – A semi‐structured survey was conducted with 50 senior leaders within two large UK corporations. The survey results were cross‐referenced with desk research to explore reflective approaches to leadership development in the UK and the USA. Participants' written reflections post‐retreat and one year later were used to supplement the findings. The target population inclu...


Recent data showing decreases in the T/sub c/ of ultrathin films are reconsidered in the light of results from work on fluctuations in films, which indicate the possibility of a large ''pair-breaker'' in high-resistance films.


The Accelerated Model for Climate and Energy (ACME) is a leading-edge climate and Earth system model designed to address U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) mission needs. The ACME project involves collaboration between seven National Laboratories, the National Center for Atmospheric Research, four academic institutions, and one private-sector company. The ACME project funds ongoing efforts to ensure the model continues to make efficient use of DOE Leadership Computing Facilities (LCFs) in order to best address the three driving grand challenge science questions:


Abstract: The hottest topic in the internet industry is the Internet of Things. The IOT is a term used to describe a network of physical objects or things that may communicate with one another while still being connected to the Internet and are equipped with sensing, actuating, and computing capabilities. The concept of a smart object is made possible by embedded microcontrollers, actuators, and sensors. Wherein these intelligent objects gather data from the development environment, process it, and carry out the necessary actions. As a result, the Internet of Things will offer previously unthinkable advantages and assist people in living affluent, sophisticated lives.


RADIATION therapy about the eye is being employed by an increasing number of practitioners in an expanding category of conditions. It is only to be expected that an increase in the late complications of irradiation will be experienced. Radiation cataract, the commonest late complication, is known to every ophthalmologist. Its clinical and pathological characteristics have received a great deal of attention. In like manner, late skin changes and effects on bone growth are wellknown and easily recognized sequelae. The purpose of this paper is to report a less common late effect of application of radiation to the globe which presents a striking clinical appearance, namely, focal scleral necrosis. So far as could be determined, this sequela has not previously been described. PRESENTATION OF CASES Case 1. —J. G., a white man aged 38, had had a squamous-cell carcinoma of the right lower lid treated 18 years earlier with radium, 400


For reasoning over streams of data ontology-based data access is a common approach. The method for answering conjunctive queries (CQs) over DL-Lite ontologies in this setting is by rewritings of the query and evaluation of the resulting query by a data base engine. For streambased applications the classical expressivity of DL-Lite lacks means to handle fuzzy and temporal information. In this paper we report on a combination of a recently proposed pragmatic approach for answering CQs over fuzzy DL-Lite ontologies with answering of CQs over sequences of ABoxes, resulting in a system that supplies rewritings for query answering over temporal fuzzy DL-Lite-ontologies.


TISSUE unframed, three-dimensional comprising at least one layer consisting of thermoplastic fibers WITHOUT EAST AND openwork formed from a mixture of polypropylene and polybutylene, WHERE THE MIX BY WEIGHT is from 90% to 70% polypropylene and from 10% A 30% POLYBUTYLENE. The mixture can be a mixture of a polypropylene homopolymer and polybutylene homopolymer; Homopolymer polypropylene and polybutylene copolymer; A copolymer of polypropylene and polybutylene homopolymer; And a polypropylene copolymer and polybutylene. ADDITION DISCOVERED TERNARY BLENDS COMPRISING polypropylene, polybutylene AND terpolymer (propylene, ethylene and 1-butane). TISSUE unframed produced have high strength, hardness and tear resistance.


The effects of nineteen phosphorus ligands on the nickel-catalyzed 4+2 cycloaddition reaction of norbornadiene to acrylonitrile have been studied. The cone angle and the νco stretching frequency of Ni(CO)3L (where L is the phosphorus ligand) are used as measures of their steric and electronic parameters respectively. The steric factor of the phosphorus ligands is correlated with the ratio of the exo- and endo-isomers of the product. Consequently, this effect is important in determining the steric course of the reaction. The electronic property and the solvent effect are less influential.


This chapter seeks to clarify the concept of circumstances precluding wrongfulness in international law which, according to Ian Brownlie, is a concept that 'had never been properly worked out' by the ILC during its work on the Articles on State Responsibility. Indeed, it is not infrequent to find in the case law and the literature diverse, and often contradicting, explanations of this concept and its effects. Two misunderstandings which are recurrent in international law are especially troubling: (i) the notion that justified conduct is nevertheless a 'breach' of international law; and (ii) the qualification of justified conduct as 'non-wrongful' or 'unlawful with precluded wrongfulness', and variations thereof. The chapter first elucidates the concept of circumstances precluding wrongfulness and its relation with the notions of breach, internationally wrongful act, and excuse. It then considers the operation of these circumstances by means of two different models for the representation of reasoning with justifications: one based on deductive reasoning and the other on dialogic reasoning. The chapter concludes that justified conduct does not constitute a breach of international law and that it must be qualified as lawful.


The usage of reused cooking oil affects the increase of serum total cholesterol (TC) and LDL, also the decrease of serum HDL. This condition escalates the risk of atherosclerosis, which could lead to the incidence of cardiovascular disease. Cloud ear fungus is a natural antioxidant that contains polysaccharides, flavonoids, niacin, and vitamin C, which can improve the lipid profiles. Objective of this research is to analyze the impact of water from boiled cloud ear fungus on total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL level of Wistar rats that have been given reused cooking oil. This study is a true experimental research with post test only control group design, using 12 weeks-aged male Wistar rats (n = 24) that were randomly divided into 4 groups. K1 as the negative control, K2 was given reused cooking oil and standard diet, K3 was given water from boiled cloud ear fungus and standard diet, and K4 was given reused cooking oil, water from boiled cloud ear fungus and standard diet. Serum total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL levels were measured by the CHOD-PAP method after 28 days treatment. The study showed that TC mean value of K1 (80.2217 ± 3.61 mg / dL), K2 (195.8483 ± 5.47 mg / dL), K3 (75.5800 ± 4.02 mg / dL), and K4 (110.8683 ± 5.82 mg / dL); p = 0.000. LDL mean value of K1 (29.9200 ± 1.53 mg / dL), K2 (78.4167 ± 1.77 mg / dL), K3 (24.3167 ± 1.77 mg / dL), and K4 (40, 1617 ± 2.84 mg / dL); p = 0.000. HDL mean value of K1 (65.8950 ± 1.99 mg / dL), K2 (24.3233 ± 1.44 mg / dL), K3 (73.2300 ± 1.92 mg / dL), and K4 (54, 9550 ± 2.04 mg / dL); p= 0.000. Conclusion: Water from boiled cloud ear fungus decreases the serum total cholesterol and LDL, 06006 increases serum HDL levels of Wistar rats that has been given reused cooking oil.


This paper discusses the contribution reception studies can make to the pedagogy of Chinese poetry. It introduces the major theoretical concepts of reception studies, and then demonstrates how those concepts can be applied in and incorporated into courses on Chinese poetry, using examples of "poetry of fields and garden" and "poems on history" drawn from the author's own experience teaching courses in Chinese poetry in the U.S. and Canada. Finally, it provides a selected bibliography of works on reception studies, translations of Chinese poetry, and scholarship which uses reception studies to research Chinese poetry and culture. Teaching classical Chinese poetry through reception studies helps students better understand the way the significance of Chinese poetry changes over time. It also aids students to further develop their critical thinking and analytical writing skills as they work to compare the reception of certain poems or poets in different periods.


This study develops three new models that are practically applicable to three stages of Taguchi's robust design, which includes system design, parameter design and tolerance design. In system design, the Multiple Loss Function Analysis(MLFA) and Overall Loss Index(OLI) which reflect upon weight of characteristics and importance of specification are developed. Moreover parameter design presents Process Capability Index(PCI), and , in order to segregate Signal-To-Noise Ratio(SNR) into accuracy and precision for an evaluation of relative comparison. In addition, tolerance design presents the new model of allowance computation for assembled product which is primarily derived from safety margin(SM) considering functional limit and specification. The guideline of those three new models, which include systematic charts and applicable illustrations, offers convenience for practitioners in the field. Hence, the practical applications could be made with the steps of robust designs such as system design, parameter design and specification allowance design.


Diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), one of the major causes of failure of total joint arthroplasty, continues to pose a challenge. One of the major reasons is the lack of a "gold standard" to distinguish between septic and aseptic failure. Isolation of an infecting organism in otherwise confirmed PJI also may be challenging as organisms usually reside as a biofilm on the surface of the implant. This limitation can be overcome by using nonculture diagnostic tests, including inflammatory serologies, joint aspiration with fluid cell count analysis, and tissue biopsy. Imaging tests are limited in their ability to differentiate septic from aseptic joints and also are limited by cost. While radionuclide imaging modalities have yielded improved results, low accuracy for diagnosis of PJI remains. In recent years there have been some advances in diagnosis of PJI, including creation of evidence based guidelines, creation of a consensus definition of PJI, and emergence of new diagnostic tests and improved understanding of current tests. This review article will highlight some of these advances.


This study aims to determine the cause of the hit and run resulting in the victim's death. The method used in this research is empirical or sociological research methodology. This study uses a qualitative approach and sampling using purposive sampling. The results of this study indicate that the causes of hit-and-run resulting in the victim's death are basically caused by several things, including First, the lack of legal awareness of the perpetrators, this is certainly influenced if they do not have formal education. The two perpetrators were afraid when they experienced a collision, so according to him, to avoid the legal process and public outcry, the solution was to run away from responsibility for their actions. Third, the streets are quiet so that when you are driving a motorbike it exceeds the average speed. Handling traffic by creating accident-prone service posts in accident-prone areas, and deploying traffic accident service centers to make it easier for the public to report traffic accidents, especially hit-and-run.


Researchers are supplying the aerospace industry with innovative technologies to support the next generation of more efficient and reliable aircraft. This article describes a novel laser technology for measuring stress and damage in the protective ceramic coatings applied to turbine engine blades to prolong their life.


Name of the Author : T. RAJANI Title of the thesis : INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF Sclerotium rolfsi Sacc. THE INCITANT OF STEM ROT OF GROUNDNUT Submitted for the award : Master of Science of degree Faculty : Agriculture Department : Plant Pathology Major Advisor : Dr. N.P. ESWARA REDDY University : Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University. Year of submission : 2004 Groundnut is an important oil seed crop of tropics and sub-tropical regions of the world. Among the fungal diseases, stem rot of groundnut caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is potentially very destructive disease and is becoming a serious problem wherever the crop is grown. S. rolfsii is a polyphagous soil borne pathogen with a wide host range of 500 plant species. A detailed study on isolation of pathogen, rhizosphere mycoflora, antagonism of rhizosphere mycoflora against S. rolfsii and integrated management of the disease with biocontrol agent and various organic amendments were carried out in the present study. The pathogen incites collar rot, root rot and wilt symptoms both under field and artificially inoculated conditions. The characteristic symptoms include yellowing and wilting of leaves, presence of white mycelial growth at collar and root rot region, decay of left over pod in the field and production of mustard seed like sclerotia. The pathogen was isolated from the collar region of infected groundnut plants and identified as S. rolfsii Sacc. Eight different mycoflora were isolated consistently from the rhizosphere of groundnut viz., Penicillium, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus sp. Trichoderma isolate-1 (TG1), Trichoderma isolate-2 (TG2), Trichoderma isolate -3 (TG3) and Trichoderma isolate-4 (TG4). In vitro screening of antagonistic mycoflora against S. rolfsii indicated that native isolate of Trichoderma isolate-2 (TG2) was found to be significantly superior over others in inhibiting the mycelial growth of S. rolfsii to the extent of 67.83% and 92.60% sclerotial population. The efficacy of effective antagonist Trichoderma isolate-2 (TG2) and various organic amendments (vermicompost, neem cake, castor cake and FYM) was tested in pot culture against stem rot of groundnut. The results revealed that treatments T11 (effective bicontrol agent + vermicompost + neem cake) and T10 (effective biocontrol agent + vermicompost + castor cake) were superior in reducing per cent disease incidence and increasing plant growth parameters like root length, shoot length, dry weight of plants, root dry weight and yield when compared to other treatments.


The invention relates to a method for preparing a high-thermal-conductivity CNT-Cu composite used at high temperature. According to the method for preparing the high-thermal-conductivity CNT-Cu composite used at high temperature, a layer of compact and uniform nano-copper is coated on the surface of a surface-modified carbon nano tube by means of a chemical coating method to obtain Cu and CNT compounded powder with the coating thickness being 100-200nm, then the Cu and CNT compounded powder and pure powder Cu are grounded in a ball mode and evenly mixed according to the volume percentage that Cu and CNT =0.1%-10.0% and Cu=90.0%-99.9%, isostatic cool pressing is carried out on the evenly mixed powder under 100-500MPa to obtain a blank, and finally the blank body is put into a vacuum hot pressing furnace for sintering to obtain the CNT-Cu composite used at high temperature. The high-compactness CNT-Cu composite used at high temperature can be obtained by means of the method, and the method has the advantages that the thermal conductivity of the high-thermal-conductivity CNT-Cu composite used at high temperature is high, and the bonding strength of CNT-Cu interfaces is high.


In this paper, we take a first step in exploring the effect of xR devices on the experiences of users in the context of human-agent interactions. We report on the design and heuristic evaluation of an embodied conversational agent integrated into either a Virtual or Mixed Reality environment. Our evaluation with four experts show that Virtual Reality may elicit a better experience from users, while Mixed Reality may evoke a better sense of social presence due to natural user embodiment and spatial references to physical objects in the real environment.


This paper attempts to investigate the interlanguage conversation by three groups of students at different English levels.To achieve this goal,both quantitative and qualitative methods were used,including the error analysis of the three groups' interlanguage communication,the analysis of the results of relevant questionnaire and the follow-up interview.All the results show that the process of SLA follows rules and that different stages of interlanguage development have their respective characteristics.


The summaries of this report are: (1) charged defects produce 10{sup 15}-10{sup 17} cm{sup -3} free carriers; (2) treatment with nucleophiles decreases p{sub f} and {sigma} while treatment with electrophiles does not change p{sub f} but increases {sigma}; (3) both treatments increase {mu}{sub p}, L{sub ex} and stability against photo-degradation; (4) charged defects can improve OPV by increasing conductivity and creating interfacial electric fields but they hurt {mu}{sub p}, L{sub ex} and chemical stability; and (5) a better way--synthesize materials without covalent defects and dope with purposely added, bound dopants.


In this study, a bioactive silicon coating was fabricated for reducing the degradation rate and enhancing the cytocompatibility of the pure magnesium. The morphology and phase of coating were characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The electrochemical and immersion tests were conducted in a simulated body fluid to evaluate the in vitro degradation behavior of the Si-coated sample. Cell viability and cell adhesion assays of human osteosarcoma cells were performed to determine the biocompatibility of the Si-coating. The XRD pattern suggested that MgO, Mg2SiO4 and SiO2 were formed on the Si-coated sample. The results of the electrochemical and immersion tests showed that the Si-coating could significantly decrease degradation rate of the pure magnesium. Meanwhile, the Si-coating could significantly promote the cell adhesion, migration and proliferation in vitro. It is considered that the Si-coating showed a promising application in improving the anticorrosion and biocompatibility of the pure magnesium.


Climate education is becoming a key educational issue of our time. This also brings with it increased demands for educational research in this area. One important question is how climate attitudes are constructed to support students' willingness to act towards climate change. In this paper, we explore how participatory, holistic and community-based learning approaches influence the construction of climate attitudes in school students from the Czech Republic, Portugal, and the UK (n=473; M=13.49 years). Students' perceptions of different educational strategies were nearly the same across countries. Girls perceive holistic, values-based teaching more strongly. Of the strategies studied, holistic education has the greatest influence on the formation of climate attitudes (β=0.34 for climate change beliefs, β=0.32 for climate change intentions), and community-based teaching has a partial influence (β=0.13 for climate change intentions). It is thus the use of holistic and community-based educational approaches that is key to the successful implementation of climate education.


Objective Bovine cancellous bone (BCB) has natural regular porosity in which the holes are approximately even in diameter and linked each other and for this reason antigen-cleared BCB can be taken as a carrier for bone tiscue engineering. In the present study we observed the biocompatibility of antigen-cleared BCB without surface modification in vitro to provide experiment data of this new carrier for bone tissue engineering. Methods The metaphyses of bovine extremities bone were sawed into 0.6~0.8 cm3 cancellous blocks and the cells, oil, marrow and the trace of blood in the blocks were cleared by repeatedly rinsing(40~50℃ water ),defatting in chloroform methanol, removing proteins in 30% peroxide solution, supersonic oscillation and centrifuge.The blocks with regular porosities 300~700μm in diameter were chosen and dried in wind. After rubbed and trimmed carefully with an emery wheel, the 0.5cm3 blocks of antigen-cleared BCB were made as carrier.The blocks were composited with marrow stromal cells(MSC) in vitro and cultured.The growth of MSC in the blocks were observed with a scaning electron microscope(SEM) at 7,14 days respectively. Results (1) Under the SEM, the surfaces of antigen-cleared BCB are dry and unsmooth. Ridges, cracks and holes disperse all the walls of the block.(2)After cultured for 7 days, there is no MSC stretching at the wall and proliferation.Cells with irregular morphosis distribute anywhere.Some debris of the dead cells intersperse among the MSC. After cultured for 14 days, less cells and more debris are seen on the surface of the blocks than those at the 7th days, demonstrating that the majority of the MSC die and exfoliate from the wall of the carrier. Conclusions Antigen-cleared BCB with no surface modified does not fit for the growth of MSC in vitro.


Objective To study the clinical results of using compression lag screws for treatment of Bennett's fracture.Methods From May 2010 to October 2013,sixteen patients with Bennett's fracture were treated with lag screws in our department.Three-dimensional CT was done and the size of fracture fragment was measured before the operation.Fracture fragments at the volar side of the first metacarpal base measured 7.5 mm× 6.7 mm to 2.2 mm × 2.5 mm.The average fragment size was 3.4 mm× 4.5 mm.There were 6 cases whose transverse dimension of fracture fragment was over 6.0 mm.A K-wire was used to stabilize the first metacarpal to the second metacarpal after fracture reduction.A compression lag screw was placed via a small dorsoradial incision to fix the fracture fragment to the metacarpal base.There were 7 cases whose transverse dimension of fracture fragment was less than 6.0 mm and 3 cases with comminuted fractures.A long compression lag screw was used to fix the first metacarpal and the second metacarpal directly through a minimal radio-dorsal incision.K-wires were removed 3 weeks postoperatively.X-ray or CT were repeated to evaluate fracture healing and determine screw removal.Results All of the 16 patients were follow-up for 6 to 24 months.The lag screws were removed between 16 weeks and 8 months,with an average of 22.6 weeks.Range of motion of the thumb,pain and congruity of the articular surface were assessed.Excellent and good functional results were achieved in 15 cases.Articular surface gap of more than 2 mm was present in 1 patient due to the comminuted fracture.The overall satisfaction rate was 93.8 %.Fractures consolidated well and no secondary displacement of the fracture occurred.Conclusion It is simple and effective to treat Bennett's tinctures with compression lag screw fixation based on the size of the fracture fragment.It allows early rehabilitation and leads to good functional recovery of the thumb.

Key words:
Internal fixators;  Clinical research;  Bennett's fractures;  Lag screw


A precise knowledge of the geographical distribution of Ornithodorus moubata is very desirable, as it bears directly upon the distribution of the Relapsing Fever of Tropical Africa. It therefore appears desirable to publish the accompanying map and a list of places showing the distribution of the tick. Both the map and the list are, however, of necessity far from perfect.


Abstract Current approaches to managing and supporting staff and addressing turnover in child protection predominantly rely on deficit-based models that focus on limitations, shortcomings, and psychopathology. This article explores an alternative approach, drawing on models of resilience, which is an emerging field linked to trauma and adversity. To date, the concept of resilience has seen limited application to staff and employment issues. In child protection, staff typically face a range of adverse and traumatic experiences that have flow-on implications, creating difficulties for staff recruitment and retention and reduced service quality. This article commences with discussion of the multifactorial influences of the troubled state of contemporary child protection systems on staffing problems. Links between these and difficulties with the predominant deficit models are then considered. The article concludes with a discussion of the relevance and utility of resilience models in developing alternative approaches to child protection staffing issues.


The authors describe a modified umbilical artery catheter for power-injection aortography in patients with congenital heart disease or abdominal masses. The nse of this technique facilitates obtaining high-quality radiographs of newborn infants with rapid circulation and avoids additional radiation exposure to the vascular radiologist or pediatrician.


Summary form only given. The goal of this panel session is to share the firsthand experiences of African American women faculty in engineering. It will facilitate a dialogue between African American women faculty and other faculty and administrators on the challenges they face as members of the academy. The dialogue will also discuss how these challenges might be addressed as future African American women faculty are hired. The experiences of African American female faculty in engineering are rarely topics for discussion and yet research in this area implies that the community should listen to narrative of faculty of color in order to gain a better understanding of their challenges. The session will begin with a moderator providing background information on the challenges affecting women of color in engineering and how these are different from majority women. Challenges from the current research literature are expected to include: Marginalization, The "Two Worlds" Phenomenon, Sexism vs. Racism, Mentoring, Isolation, and Cultural Taxation. Each presenter will then share personal experiences related to the challenges. The presenters will be comprised of seven diverse African American women faculty teaching at various types of institutions (e.g. predominantly white research extensive institutions, predominantly white research intensive institutions, and historically black colleges and universities). Following the presentations, there will be a discussion led by the moderator that focuses on recommendations for faculty, administrators and institutions to bring about change. Upon the conclusion of the discussion, the floor will be open for questions. Armed with this information other faculty and administrators will gain a better understanding of the issues and challenges of African American women on a day-to-day basis and be equipped to address them in a positive, proactive manner


The aim of this research was to describe the changes of the nitrogen fractions in milk of Haflinger nursing mares and in particular to determine the whey protein content and distribution, and their evolution throughout the first 6 mo of lactation. Samples were collected by hand-milking on days 4, 20, 40, 60, 80, 120, 150 and 180 post-partum. Nitrogen fractions were determined by Kjeldahl on 80 samples from 10 mares, while HPLC separation of whey proteins was conducted on 40 samples from 5 mares. The total N, casein N, and true whey protein N contents showed a statistically significant decrease from day 4 to day 40, and then remained unvaried. In general, the nitrogen distribution of mare's milk significantly changed between day 4 and day 20 and then remained almost unchanged until day 180 (except for the day 150 value, which showed a statistically significant increase for CN × 100/TN). β-Lactoglobulin and serum albumin contents showed a marked reduction, of 27 and 45.5%, respectively, between day 4 and da...


Abstract. Only a small proportion of elevated CO2 studies on crops have taken place in the field. They generally confirm results obtained in controlled environments: CO2 increases photosynthesis, dry matter production and yield, substantially in C3 species, but less in C4, it decreases stomatal conductance and transpiration in C3 and C4 species and greatly improves water-use efficiency in all plants. The increased productivity of crops with CO2 enrichment is also related to the greater leaf area produced. Stimulation of yield is due more to an increase in the number of yield-forming structures than in their size. There is little evidence of a consistent effect of CO2 on partitioning of dry matter between organs or on their chemical composition, except for tubers. Work has concentrated on a few crops (largely soybean) and more is needed on crops for which there are few data (e.g. rice). Field studies on the effects of elevated CO2 in combination with temperature, water and nutrition are essential; they should be related to the development and improvement of mechanistic crop models, and designed to test their predictions.


The goal of this class is to introduce the basic ideas, techniques and applications of conformal field theory (CFT). The main focus will be on two-dimensional CFTs which provide a rich set of interesting but calculable examples. These theories are of great interest in condensed matter physics and statistical mechanics where they describe scale invariant systems (for example systems close to continuous phase transitions). They also play a prominent role in string theory. The target audience is master students with a strong background in theoretical physics. I will assume a good knowledge of complex analysis, statistical mechanics, classical mechanics, quantum mechanics and classical field theory. Familiarity with quantum field theory is not necessary but will certainly be a plus.


The trend of digitalization provides new opportunities for industrial equipment manufactures as sensor technology and ubiquitous connectivity become part of the equipment. In particular, cyber-physical systems (CPSs) enable digital innovation for the industrial product and service business by improving operational efficiencies, facilitating innovative hybrid business models, and fuelling servitization in manufacturing. Despite the new opportunities, so far no research has been conducted to investigate and classify configurations and affordances of this new technology. To gain both a broad and in-depth understanding of use scenarios and added-value of CPSs for the service business in the equipment industry, a multi-method approach is chosen: a systematic literature review as well as case study research are conducted. Grounded in existing literature and based on empirical data of 45 use scenarios, we propose a taxonomy to classify use scenarios enabled by CPSs in the equipment industry. This work contributes to the theoretical body of knowledge by proposing a taxonomy of use scenarios enabled by CPSs. The taxonomy can be (1) leveraged to categorize use scenarios of CPSs in the equipment manufacturing industry and (2) used as a framework for further research. Practitioners can use the taxonomy to classify and compare use scenarios as well as identify business model archetypes.


AbstractIn this study, denitrification of Tehran (Iran) oil refinery groundwater in an anoxic rotating biological contactor (ARBC) was investigated. Influence of different parameters such as hydraulic retention time (HRT), Carbon/Nitrogen ratio, and nitrate loading in the influent, on the nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, alkalinity, and chemical oxygen demand concentration of effluent were evaluated. Acetate was used as a carbon source in a heterotrophic process. Nitrate concentration of treated water in all experiments was far below the standard limitation and nitrate removal efficiency reached over 97% in optimum value of Carbon/Nitrogen = 1.25 and HRT = 8 h. Nitrite accumulation wasn't observed up to nitrate loading of 105 mg/L. Based on the results of this experiment, ARBC reactor could be an adequate and convenient method in denitrification of groundwater.


This videotape is a soundless presentation showing the global ocean color for scientific purposes. The tape makes excellent B-roll for use in editing.


In this paper, we propose an efficient leaf image retrieval scheme based on its shape feature. To represent leaf shape, we first derive a distance curve from each leaf using distances between its center and the points along the contour. Next, for the storage and matching purpose, we extract a set of Fourier Coefficients (FCs) from the curve. Typically, a set of FCs fails to restore the original curve completely. In order to reduce the difference between original and restored curves, we divide whole curve into several partitions such that each partition has a small difference with the original curve. For image matching, we propose a Partial Dynamic Time Warping (PDTW) algorithm. We also propose a categorization scheme using the number of unit curves for filtering purpose. In the experiment, we show that our proposed scheme improved both efficiency and accuracy of leaf image retrieval.


Abstract In German (and Dutch), main clauses and dependent clauses differ clearly with respect to form. Main clauses are always V2 and autonomous (with speech act status) while dependent ones are verb-final/VL (V-last) and nonautonomous (without speech act status). This paper is about autonomous clauses with the form of dependent clauses (i.e. VL-form, also captured in the literature under the term insubordinate subordination, coined by Evans, Nicholas. 2007. Insubordination and its uses. In Irina Nikolaeva (ed.), Finiteness: Theoretical and empirical foundations, 366–431. Oxford: Oxford University Press). In the recent literature, it has been argued that in order to explain the occurrence of autonomous dependent clauses in the historical development of German, the introducing main clause fell elliptically leaving behind a dependent form with autonomous status. The present paper argues that this account is false. Dependent forms can exist independently. Since speech act autonomy of dependent forms exists with certain (albeit not all) complementizers, a special account is provided. It is argued that this development typical of modern German, matches with the tendency toward an illocutionary semantics in its own right. Parallels for the latter path of grammaticalization are drawn from several languages other than German. The importance of the concerns for modern generative grammar is a twofold one: first, it provides insights into how independent (autonomous), but formally dependent sentences divide into several kinds of modality that are expressed in the left sentential periphery; and, second, it shows in which ways speaker-perspective is grammaticalized.


In order to reserve the active ingredient of oyster better, it is a good idea that the oyster after pulping and homogeneization to be made into tablet with some binder added; and in order to make a better comprehensive utilization of oyster, we could produce calcium tablet with the crashed shell of oyster and some accessory material added. The calcium content of this tablet was so high, and could be used as a better calcium additive. The best processing conditions of the oyster meat tablet are: using alcohol of 75% volume fraction as the wetting agent, drying at 60 ℃, for 40 min, keeping the content of water at 5%~6%, and using dolomol of 1% mass fraction as; The best processing conditions of the shell tablet are: keeping the content of water at about 6%, using β cyclodextrin, maltodextrin, and amylogen (mole fraction 1∶2∶4) as the compound accessory material.


Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid found in animal fats suchas red meat and dairy products [1].[...].


In 2018 Q4, according to the Bank Lending Survey (BLS), credit standards for consumer credit and other lending to households tightened slightly both in Spain and in the euro area. There were no appreciable changes in the other two lending segments. For the current quarter, Spanish banks anticipated a slight tightening in all lending segments, a development also observable in the euro area – albeit to a lesser degree – in practically all segments. The overall terms and conditions on new loans eased across the board, both in Spain and, more moderately, in the euro area as a whole. In Spain, the demand for credit fell both in loans to enterprises and loans to households for house purchase, and it ceased to grow in consumer credit and other lending to households; in the euro area as a whole, meantime, loan applications grew across the board. Conditions of access to wholesale funding markets worsened, both in Spain and in the euro area, whereas in retail markets the changes were minor and of a different sign. According to the banks surveyed, regulatory and supervisory measures in respect of capital, leverage and liquidity did not exert an appreciable impact on the supply of credit in Spain in the second half of 2018, whereas in the euro area they prompted some tightening. Finally, the NPL ratio did not exert any influence on Spanish banks' lending policy in the second half of 2018, while in the euro area they contributed to some tightening in the supply of credit in all segments.


Breeding for resistance to the most devastating foliar diseases of groundnut, the leasfspots and rust has received the highest priority in the groundnut breeding program at ICRISAt. More than 400 single, triple and double crosses were made using 12 rust and 9 late leafspot resistant germplasm lines.


By the comparison of the two managements models of high-value medical consumptive materials of Digital Subtraction Angiography,the concentrative incorporate management has normalization in approval and acceptance examination,accuracy in toll administration,and high performance in storage.These ensure the security and the profit both in hospital and the patients.The concentrative and incorporate management model is desirable.


The materials mentioned here were furnished by various producers and were previewed at the Audio-Visual Center of Detroit's Wayne State University, by Gwen Retherford and Linnea Anderson. Dr. Retherford is an assistant professor, and Miss Anderson is a graduate associate in the Wayne State University Department of Special Education and Vocational Rehabilitation.


This paper mainly intends to discuss the solution of fully fuzzy linear systems (FFLS) Ax + b = Cx+ d, where A and C are fuzzy matrices, b and d are fuzzy vectors. We transform the systems by using fuzzy numbers with a new parametric form for finding a fuzzy vector x that satisfies in the system.


Circuit includes a first signal (e.g., baseband signal) receives, it was mixed with a local oscillator (LO) signal, a second signal (e.g., RFOUT signal). The circuit includes a pair (MFDP) circuit of a plurality of identical mixer and frequency divider. Each MFDP can be enabled separately. Each MFDP includes a mixer, and a frequency divider to provide a local version of the LO signal to the mixer. Output power of MFDP are combined, the output power of the second signal (RFOUT) is a combined output power of various MFDP. By controlling the number of MFDP which is enabled, the output power of the second signal is controlled. Since MFDP all have the same layout, the accuracy of the output power step size is improved. LO signal power in the circuit, since the changes automatically in proportion to the number of MFDP that is enabled, the local oscillator leakage problems are avoided.


A facile approach to fabricate two-dimensional (2D) ordered arrays of nanostructures is described in this paper. The approach uses spin-coating liquid materials onto a monolayer or multilayer colloidal crystal template to form a uniform film containing the template. After solidifying, the film is partially etched to expose the template which is then removed by selective etching. The fabrication procedure can produce large-area, size-tunable, periodic nanostructures with excellent structural uniformity. Large-area silica nanostructures with P6 mm symmetry have been formed by employing a dry etching technique. Experimental and simulating results also show that unique 2D nanostructures, with the feature size being much smaller than the diameter of the spherical particles used, can be obtained through three-dimensional silica nanopatterns, acted as a mask, and formed by a bilayer or trilayer colloidal crystal template.


Seizures represent the excessive and synchronous neuronal activity in the brain that cause the interruption of normal behaviour and consciousness. While seizures represent the transient manifestation of altered brain functions, epilepsy is a chronic neurologic disorder, characterized by two or more unprovoked or recurrent seizures caused by genetically predetermined process or by an initial insult. Acute and chronic seizures may perturb a wide range of developmental phenomena including cell division, migration, as well as formation and probably stabilization of synapses that are essential for the correct formation and wiring of the circuitry. Both mature and immature rodents have been extensively used to study the cellular and molecular alterations linked to seizures. Recently, the contribution of inflammatory reactions to seizure induction and progression in epilepsy has been formulated, with a particular focus on interleukin 1 beta signalling (IL-1β), suggesting proconvulsant properties of IL-1β in acute seizure activity. Unlike these evidences, other works are consistent with an acute anticonvulsive function of IL-1β in seizure generation. Moreover, several other aspects of the molecular and cellular machineries that promote and define the seizure process, and that derive from them, are not clearly understood. As rodents are among the most frequently used model organisms for seizure and epilepsy studies, other non-mammalian organisms are proposed to tackle these phenomena. Among these, zebrafish is an emerging model system in developmental neurobiology and drug discovery. Recent studies have described that both larval and adult zebrafish develop seizures when exposed to chemoconvulsant agents, and they present similar profiles of responsiveness to anticonvulsant compounds, enlightening the potential of zebrafish models for the in vivo study of brain functions and dysfunction. The aim of my PhD project is to characterize the induction of seizures in the embryonic brain of zebrafish, using a known proconvulsant agent, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). First, I have described the transcriptional, morphological and behavioural responses associated with neuronal hyperactivity during the period of structural and physiological maturation of the brain. Then, I have investigated the eventual contribution of inflammatory reactions in seizure induction, with a particular regard to gaining novel insights on the role of IL-1β signalling in seizures in fish.


........................................................................................................3 Introduction.....................................................................................................4 Adverse Childhood Experiences....................................................................4 Adverse Childhood Experiences in Vulnerable Populations....................................5 ACEs, Emotion Regulation, & Mental Health....................................................6 Current Study..........................................................................................8 Methods........................................................................................................10 Research Setting.....................................................................................10 Measures.............................................................................................10 Results.........................................................................................................12 Demographic Variables............................................................................12 Key Variable Means and SD.......................................................................12 Correlations........................................................................................ .14 PRISM Impacts on Key Variables of Interest...................................................14 Discussion.....................................................................................................15 Implications..........................................................................................18 Conclusion...........................................................................................18 References.....................................................................................................20 Tables..........................................................................................................29 PRISM: ACES AND IMPACTS ON EMOTION REGULATION 3


This article begins from a review of various approaches to global modeling, concluding that, by reducing our world to physical and economic categories alone, one cannot explain the workings of the world system. Any adequate global model, it is argued, must also account for social and political forces. The author views integrated global modeling as a multidisciplinary effort which must develop a symbiosis of physical/economic and social/political categories. Toward this end, the fulcrum of politics and decisionmaking in a global setting is examined, and an analytical model of world politics based on four key-forces is suggested. On the basis of this model, principles of political forecasting at the global level and three possible scenarios for the year 2000 are discussed.


The deformation law of as-cast AZ31B magnesium alloy at temperature 280~440 ℃ and strain rate 10-3~10-1 s-1 was investigated. The results indicate that the as-cast AZ31B exhibits low flow stress at high temperature, its flow stress curve showes the characters of dynamic recrystallisation. The grains of dynamic recrystallisation is obviously fine, and the mean size of recrystallisation grains increases with the decrease of temperature or value of Z(Zener-Hollomon parameter). The relative even grains could be gained at a low strain rate.


DEVELOPMENT of reliable price indexes for construction is a longstanding problem. This article describes recent work in this area that was part of a major project to develop price indexes for national defense purchases. This project, started in the mid-1970's by BEA in cooperation with the Department of Defense (DOD), developed price indexes at a detailed level using data provided by DOD. In 1980, BEA began showing detail for national defense purchases for the period beginning in 1972. (See, for example in the July 1983 SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS, tables 3.9 (current dollars), 3.10 (constant dollars), and 7.15 (implicit price deflators).) Purchases of structures are shown with a two-way breakdown: military facilities and other. The military facilities component, the subject of this article and hereafter referred to as "military construction/' consists of the facilities built to assist, enhance, or house the activities that are required by the military services to accomplish their mission. These facilities, which account for about 1/2 percent of national defense purchases, are heterogeneous. They range from office buildings and laboratories, which have private-sector counterparts, to specialized training facilities and ammunition storage igloos, which are unique to the military services. Also, they range in complexity from missile production and maintenance facilities to common lumber storage sheds. National defense purchases of structures, like other structures com-


Cloud computing is a recent technology for computing through a virtual environment. In cloud computing resources are provided virtually for computation, storage and developing application. To access these resources user will have to take an authentication from the cloud service provider. To get authentication user will have to provide some specification for its request i.e. Time for which service is requires, its own details, QoS required. Authentication to the user is provided in the form of license. License is a legal authorization to access the resources. Any user using a service must be licensed for using the resources which it is using during it computation. These resources may be provided by the cloud service provider on demand over the internet or can be installed on the infrastructure provided by the cloud service provider, after having license for using these services. License in cloud computing environment is issued by auctioning. User makes a request for any resource then user is given resources with license and to get license user will have to participate in auction made by the service provider. General Terms License Management in Cloud Computing Environment.


A sub-100nm technology that allows the monolithic integration of optical devices as features into a 90nm base high-performance logic technology node is demonstrated. The technology is promising for next generation optical communications for applications.


Playing a crucial role in today's competitive business environment, contact centers have been the primary source of customer interaction for most organizations. Driven by their common business goals to deliver a high quality service with minimum costs, centers such as blended contact centers act on operational basis in handling customer transactions. Optimization of resources will only be achieved if marketing decisions such as customer segmentation are appropriately established.
This study proposes a practical way to segment customers of a blended contact center in Makati City, Philippines using a five-year transactional data. Customer lifetime value is assigned as a quantitative indicator based on the LRFM customer relationship model. This study then proceeds with the application of CRISP method, a powerful method used in implementing data-driven projects, on the transaction database. The database are normalized first to avoid periodic differences in the LRFM variables. 16 initial clusters have been obtained by using Genetic K-Means algorithm on data modeling and analysis phase of CRISP method. The cluster centroids are analyzed by the LFRM patterns, which the weight of each variables are calculated using Shannon Entropy. Finally, 9 customer segments have been achieved by merging clusters with similar LRFM patterns. Each segment is evaluated and classified to formulate a specific marketing plan suitable to its corresponding customer segment. The results of this research can help blended contact centers sustain a long term CRM with their customers.


L-type Ca channels (LTCCs) are the main mediators of Ca influx. LTCCs are multi-subunit complexes, of which CaV1.2 subunit forms the channel pore for Ca movement. Ca influx through LTCC CaV1.2 is a proximal signal for pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. However, very little is known regarding the molecular mechanism of LTCC transcription regulation. Myocardin, a co-activator of serum response factor (SRF) that potently transactivates CArG box–containing cardiac and smooth muscle target genes, can stimulate neonatal rat cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In the present study, the gene fragment of rat LTCC CaV1.2 promoter containing five CArG boxes or no CArG box was amplified by PCR and cloned into empty vector pGL3-Basic to construct luciferase reporter plasmids, then luciferase activity assay was performed in HEK293T cells. The results showed that the luciferase reporter plasmids were constructed successfully, Myocardin potently activated CArG boxcontaining LTCC CaV1.2 reporter, by contrast, Myocardin had a weaker transcriptional activation on LTCC CaV1.2 reporter containing no CArG box. The results suggest that Myocardin may play a critical role in regulating the expression of LTCC CaV1.2 in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Keywords-CaV1.2; CArG box; promoter; luciferase activity assay


Based on derived phenomenological equations for dynamic processes in domain structures of dielectric materials of capacitors and ferromagnetic materials of choke cores equivalent electric structural-parametric circuits are suggested for capacitors and chokes. The presence is proved of an inductive component in the impedance of capacitors due to low-frequency resonance of the capacitor's dielectric. The presence is proved of a capacitive component in the impedance of chokes due to low-frequency resonance of the choke's core.


Amorphous boron carbo–nitride films, BCxNy, (0.05⩽x⩽1.51,0.05⩽y⩽0.67), were deposited on SiO2 at 360°C and 1Torr using dimethylamine borane [NH(CH3)2:BH3] with ammonia and/or ethylene. The film composition could be controlled by varying the flow of ammonia and ethylene. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated a change in bonding environments, increasing the B–N bonding with the addition of ammonia and increasing B–C and C–C bonding with the addition of ethylene. The film dielectric constant, k, was 4.62 without coreactant, decreased to 4.11 by adding ammonia and 3.66 upon adding ethylene. The index of refraction ranged from 2.069 to 1.826 with correlation to k depending on the coreactant added. The root mean square surface roughness ranged from 0.30to0.65nm, increasing with the use of ethylene. A 1μm film deposited at 3.60°C using C2H4 had a hardness of 8.7GPa and modulus of 71.3GPa.


We investigated gas sensing characteristics of single layer graphene. Key fabrication process steps and SEM image of devices are shown in Fig. 1. More detailed explanation on the fabriacation process can be found in (1). Fig. 2 shows Raman spectrum of the graphene grown by using ICP-CVD (Inductively-Coupled Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition). Single layer graphene was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy with a single Lorentzian fit of a 2D peak at 2700 cm -1 . The I2D/IG (intensity of the 2D peak / intensity of the G peak) ratio for graphene exceed 4, which verifies that our graphene film is a single layer. Also, we observed a relatively weak D peak in comparison with the G peak, intensity (ID/IG), which clearly indicates that the transferred graphene is a single layer and contains high-purity carbon (2). Channel length and width of graphene FETs are 8 μm and 2 μm, respectively. We measured transfer curve characteristics in graphene FET (ID-VGS @ VGS= -5 ~ 5 V and VDS = -10 mV), and current-voltage characteristics (I-V @ V = 0 ~ 1 V) and noise power spectra in graphene resistor (V = 0.1 V) at room temperature under one atmospheric pressure after exposing the devices to specific target gases (NH3 and NO2 @ 50 ppm) for 1 hour (saturation state) in the chamber. The gases are prepared by intermixing calibrated commercial gases with nitrogen (N2). When graphene is exposed to ambient air, various gases (oxygen and water vapor) can be absorbed on graphene. In our measurement, working graphene gas sensors show p-type MOSFET characteristic. Fig.3 shows IDS-VGS curves (Fig.3 (a) and (b)) and I-V (Fig.3 (c) and (d)) curves of graphene gas sensors exposed to gases. The current of graphene gas sensors exposed to NH3 decreases compared to that exposed to air, while the current exposed to NO2 increases as shown in Fig. 3. The reason is that NH3 and NO2 absorbed on graphene act as donor and accepter, respectively (3). Fig. 4 presents the normalized current noise power spectra (Si/I 2 's) measured under air, NH3 and NO2. The Si/I 2


Summary

three patients who had carotid body tumours subjected to surgery are described, including a patient with bilateral tumours. in no case were any carotid vessels ligated, yet death occurred in a patient who had a unilateral tumour removed.

post-operative investigations, performed on the patient who had had bilateral tumours, involving a variation in the percentage of oxygen in the inspired air, provide suggestive evidence in favour of the hypothesis that anoxaemia with a subnormal okygen tension is the stimulus to the carotid bodies.

the histology of the tumours is examined and similarities to the glomus tumour noted. their general structure indicates that they are hyperplasias; the tumour is extensively, if irregularly, innervated and many club-shaped nerve endings can be demonstrated. the "tumour" is therefore probably a functioning tissue.

diagnosis and treatment are briefly discussed, early surgery being the treatment of choice, whilst angiography may help in diagnosis.

the literature of bilateral carotid bodies is briefly reviewed.

the percentage of malignant carotid body tumours is considered to be negligible.


Wearable electronics drives to great extent the current developments on electronic device fabrication, where using flexible substrates is one of the key issues [1]. Actually, the integration of alternative materials, such as ZnO, into (conventional) electronic device configurations allows the design of novel systems, based on innovative transduction mechanisms and principles of operation for sensing devices. ZnO can be obtained by several processing techniques and has many interesting characteristics, such as piezoelectricity, which can be used in sensors [2]. We use hydrothermal synthesis as an affordable, scalable and simple process to produce ZnO films for sensing applications. Our standard procedure for ZnO seed layer deposition consists in the immersion of a thermalized substrate into a ZnO-Ammonium Hydroxyde solution and hot plate-annealing of the sample. The hydrothermal growth of ZnO films is based on a mixture of ZnO, aqueous ammonia, sodium chloride and trisodium citrate solution at 80°C. Then, the sample is annealed at 200°C for 10 min, after H2O rinsing. In this paper, we analyze the impact of ultrasonication-assisted pure H2O rinsing at intermediate stages of the seed layer deposition. We show the results on smooth rigid substrates, thermal SiO2 on Si wafers, as a way to optimize the process; yet same processing conditions had been successfully applied onto polyimide substrates. Firstly, we observe that just by introducing ultrasonication (US) the number of unwanted micro-crystals is dramatically reduced (Fig. 1). Secondly, we observe that, although ultrasonication in water may affect even dispersion or particle size of seed layer characteristics (Fig. 2), its impact on ZnO growth is lower than the combined effect of particle density and size. Thus, the main challenge for preparing ZnO films for operational sensors relies on a uniform smooth seed layer with specific particle density and size over a large area, as it is critical to control the deposition a low roughness ZnO film with regular nanorod-like crystals of c-axis preferential alignment (Fig. 3)


Abstract A structured and unstructured hybrid overlapping grid method is developed for simulating free-surface waves generated by submerged arbitrary bodies undergoing rigid body motion in multi-degrees of freedom. Exact boundary conditions are applied to the transient free and body surfaces. The accuracy, efficiency and generality of the present two-dimensional code for potential flows are validated by comparisons with available theories and experiments. Numerical experiments are reported in this paper to investigate the non-linear behaviour of waves due to the complex rigid body motion, in terms of wave patterns and the pressure distribution. Combining the best features of both grid systems for finite elements and finite differences, the present method provides a promising alternative in computational fluid dynamics for the design and analysis in marine engineering.


In obese patients, we often find difficulty in laparotomy for placing a lumboperitoneal shunt catheter. The authors introduced an easy technique to get a sufficiently wide and shallow operative field through small abdominal incision in obese people. Four blunt scalp hooks and rubber bands, commonly used in craniotomy, were prepared. The fat layer and the rectus abdominis muscle layer were retracted and pulled up using these hooks. Blunt scalp hooks were useful for safe and effective retraction of abdominal wall, which made a sufficient and shallow operative field.


The study about the formulation of  inoculum a white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on flour. was conducted at Biotechnology laboratory of  Departement , Faculty of  Mathematic and Natural Science, Tadulako University. This study were aimed to oyster mushroom on production. on and to abridge the cycle of oyster mushroom production process of white.peplication used Compeletely Randomized  Design (CRD) consist of six treatments and tree by comparing between  (sawduts,rice,bran, and comflour) P1(50% : 27% : 23% , P2 (50% : 30% : 20%), P3 (50% : 33% : 17%), P4 (50% : 36% : 14% ), P5 (50% : 39% : 11%), P6 (50% : 42% : 8%). There are four parameters used in this study (1) .The growth of  white oyster mushroom inoculum (2) the  incubation  time. and, (3) coloni forming unit (CFU), (4) Viability test .The resulth  showed that the best growth mycelium was 1,3cm/days with incubation period was 26 days, the highest total of CFU in P5 was 12,7x 108 CFU/ml  and was in  P3 was 3,3 x 108 CFU/ml .The inoculum viability test of production media in P5, was faster in incubation period is 18 days.


The teaching level of normal colleges and universities in western area is medium or under medium level in China. There are many problems about the educational postgraduates in the admission, the goal of cultivation, the hardware facilities, the curriculum, the teachers and the assessment. So it is emergent to improve their cultivated qualities.


The structural relationship between the linear system of equations used to calibrate inplane-GRAPPA, slice-GRAPPA, and LeakBlock for SMS is analyzed. This analysis reveals that LeakBlock is structurally identical to inplane-GRAPPA in the specific case of a (synthetic) zero-slice-gap. Signal leakage in the original slice-GRAPPA formulation is thus revealed to be due to signal cancellation in the original formulation. This relationship between inplane-GRAPPA and LeakBlock further justifies its preferred usage over the original slice-GRAPPA formulation for the separation of slice-accelerated data.


A personal identification method that is called as the electronic ID is proposed by using a cell phone. The cell phone displays a face image, character data and a two-dimensional including personal identification data. Although plastic cards, magnetic stripe cards and smart cards are used as ID (identification) cards, the risks to lose these cards are large. A cell phone of the electronic ID can securely display all of the identification data on its color display. The prototype of the electronic 10 system using a cell phone, a Web server and a manager's portable computer to identify each user is implemented and experimented.