The interface between the organic semiconductor (OSC)/ferromagnetic (FM) material can exhibit ferromagnetism due to their orbital hybridization. Charge/spin transfer may occur from the FM to OSC layer leading to the formation of "spinterface," i.e., the interface exhibiting a finite magnetic moment. In this work, the magnetic properties of the Co / C 60 bilayer thin film have been studied to probe the interface between the Co and C60 layer. Polarized neutron reflectivity (PNR) measurement indicates that the thickness and moment of the spinterface are ∼2 ± 0.18 nm and 0.8 ± 0.2 μB/cage, respectively. The comparison of the magnetization reversal between the Co / C 60 bilayer and the parent single layer Co thin film reveals that spinterface modifies the domain microstructure. Further, the anisotropy of the bilayer system shows a significant enhancement (∼two times) in comparison to its single layer counterpart which is probably due to an additional interfacial anisotropy arising from the orbital hybridization at the Co / C 60 interface.The interface between the organic semiconductor (OSC)/ferromagnetic (FM) material can exhibit ferromagnetism due to their orbital hybridization. Charge/spin transfer may occur from the FM to OSC layer leading to the formation of "spinterface," i.e., the interface exhibiting a finite magnetic moment. In this work, the magnetic properties of the Co / C 60 bilayer thin film have been studied to probe the interface between the Co and C60 layer. Polarized neutron reflectivity (PNR) measurement indicates that the thickness and moment of the spinterface are ∼2 ± 0.18 nm and 0.8 ± 0.2 μB/cage, respectively. The comparison of the magnetization reversal between the Co / C 60 bilayer and the parent single layer Co thin film reveals that spinterface modifies the domain microstructure. Further, the anisotropy of the bilayer system shows a significant enhancement (∼two times) in comparison to its single layer counterpart which is probably due to an additional interfacial anisotropy arising from the orbital ...


Rolling contact fatigue (RCF) is one of the most important failure mechanisms in rails with significant cost- and safety-related implications on the operation of railway systems. In this work, a metallurgical analysis of RCF crack initiation and propagation, including geometrical characteristics of RCF cracks – length, depth from surface, angle of propagation and spacing between cracks, is presented. The role of proeutectoid ferrite in crack initiation has been studied. Analysis of the fracture surface of an RCF crack revealed a ductile initiation zone followed by a quasi-cleavage crack propagation. Iron oxide formed in the interior of all cracks in rails exposed to stagnant water with implications to crack propagation rate because of crack closure effects. Sequential sectioning parallel to the rolling surface revealed that RCF cracks possess convoluted surfaces. The crack trace expands with depth from the rolling surface. Subsurface crack initiation has also been documented.


We cast the assignment of virtual machines (VMs) to physical servers as a variant of the classic bin packing problem. We then develop a model of VM load that can be used to produce assignments of VMs to servers. Using this problem formulation and model, we evaluate heuristic solutions to this problem. We evaluate the performance of these solutions in stochastic load environments. We verify the model proposed and show that it can be adapted to respond well to varying VM loads. Keywords-Energy optimization; Probabilistic Models


In this communication, we present an alternative approach which combined the restriction of the rate of substrate diffusion to the enzyme coupled with nonlimiting oxygen supply. The newly developed construction of the electrode emerging from this approach is based on an immobilized glucose oxidase «sandwiched» between two membranes. The outer oxygen permeable membrane exposed to the outside atmosphere allows unlimited supply of oxygen to the enzyme while preventing liquid leakage from the system


Recent scholarship has identified inequality in real property ownership as a constant feature of urban social structure. This study of Winnipeg during the boom of 1881-82 examines the reproduction of that inequality in terms of the strategies employed by major landowners to profit in an inflationary real estate market. Such men preferred to invest in rental properties, especially commercial accommodation. Best able to do so were those members of the bourgeoisie who, by virtue of their early arrival, had acquired cheap vacant land, the sale of which financed their acquisition of rental units. Thus, the reproduction of inequality involved the conversion of prior advantage in one real estate market, that for vacant land, into an advantage in a second market, that for rental accommodation.


Based on the conception of highway construction project environmental impact postevaluation and its significance,the main contents and implementation process of highway construction project environmental impact postevaluation are studied,and some corresponding proposals are given as well.


Number theoretic Langlands program can be seen as an attempt to unify number theory on one hand and theory of representations of reductive Lie groups on the other hand. So called automorphic functions to which various zeta functions are closely related define the common denominator. Geometric Langlands program tries to achieve a similar conceptual unification in the case of function fields. This program has caught the interest of physicists during last years. TGD can be seen as an attempt to reduce physics to infinitedimensional Kahler geometry and spinor structure of the "world of classical worlds" (WCW). Since TGD ce be regarded also as a generalized number theory, it is difficult to escape the idea that the interaction of Langlands program with TGD could be fruitful. More concretely, TGD leads to a generalization of number concept based on the fusion of reals and various p-adic number fields and their extensions implying also generalization of manifold concept, which inspires the notion of number theoretic braid crucial for the formulation of quantum TGD. TGD leads also naturally to the notion of infinite primes and rationals. The identification of Clifford algebra of WCW as a hyper-finite factors of type II1 in turn inspires further generalization of the notion of imbedding space and the idea that quantum TGD as a whole emerges from number theory. The ensuing generalization of the notion of imbedding space predicts a hierarchy of macroscopic quantum phases characterized by finite subgroups of SU(2) and by quantized Planck constant. All these new elements serve as potential sources of fresh insights. 1. The Galois group for the algebraic closure of rationals as infinite symmetric group? The naive identification of the Galois groups for the algebraic closure of rationals would be as infinite symmetric group S∞ consisting of finite permutations of the roots of a polynomial of infinite degree having infinite number of roots. What puts bells ringing is that the corresponding group algebra is nothing but the hyper-finite factor of type II1 (HFF). One of the many avatars of this algebra is infinitedimensional Clifford algebra playing key role in Quantum TGD. The projective representations of this algebra can be interpreted as representations of braid algebra B∞ meaning a connection with the notion of number theoretical braid. 2. Representations of finite subgroups of S∞ as outer automorphisms of HFFs Finite-dimensional representations ofGal(Q/Q) are crucial for Langlands program. Apart from one-dimensional representations complex


The invention relates to a drug composition extracted and separated from plant and a preparation method for the preparation thereof, and is used for treating or preventing diabetes mellitus and diabetic complication. The plant extract of the invention consists of components of flavonoid and alkaloid which are extracted and separated from the leaves of morus and moraceae plants, wherein, the proportion of the flavonoid and the alkaloid is 0.5-10:1. Compared with single component, the plant extract of the invention has stronger effect on lowering the blood glucose level in Type II Diabetes.


Abstract For quality control charts controlling the mean of a normal population, either small samples are taken out at frequent intervals or large samples at less frequent intervals. It will be shown that in order to detect small changes of the population mean, the amount of inspection is greatly reduced by the selection of large samples. However, if for other reasons small samples are desirable, a control by runs of sample means above or below certain control limits makes it possible to use small samples and yet maintain the advantage of a reduced amount of inspection. For certain types of runs, the sample size n = 1 turns out to be very economical, so that time saving methods of control by gauging may be introduced without appreciable loss of efficiency.


IntroductionPublic health policy-making activities are currently split between local authority and NHS organisations. Despite an increasing body of research on evidence-based policy (EBP), few studies explore the process of policy-making. Little is known about how policies are made in a local context, or how (scientific) evidence is used. Previous research has ignored the ?human element? in EBP. Social network analysis (SNA) techniques are becoming increasingly important in the health sector, and have been used in policy analysis elsewhere. This paper describes an innovative study giving a fresh perspective on policy-making processes in public health.Methods? A social network analysis of public health policy making networks in Greater Manchester based on publicly available data (documents, websites and meeting papers) and an electronic survey ? Observation of local authority and NHS decision-makers at key policy meetings 2010-11 in the Greater Manchester areaResultsThese data indicate the importance of collaboration and good relationships between researchers and policy-makers, but few academic researchers with a direct impact on health policy were identified within the networks. Some overlap was found between NHS and local authority networks, with bridging organisations acting as sites of contact between the two. Additional assessment of the data the key meetings indicated differences in decision-making, evidence-seeking and evidence-using behaviour between NHS and local authority policy-makers. ConclusionsNHS and local authorities function as distinct cultures with separate decision-making and evidence-using behaviours. Network analyses indicate the existence of some links between the two, but these were largely centred on individuals instead of formal structures. The importance of individual effectiveness, authority and activity are discussed. Additional research will be conducted to assess changes due to future reorganisations.


This is the fifth edition of a well respected textbook. This version uses 28 authors for the 27 chapters. The text is definitely targeted to medical students and those whose concepts of biochemistry revolve around metabolism and physiology. The text is filled with very useful tables, more so than most biochemistry texts, and very informative "Clinical Correlations." Each of the chapters ends with a section of questions, followed by answers to these questions. Chapters are designed to be as self-contained as possible to allow faculty to use the chapters in whatever order deemed useful; this also creates problems in that there is a lot of repetition between certain chapters. An "Appendix" on organic chemistry is a very useful addition. Many of the original drawings are of high quality with respect to the points needed for teaching, some better than any I have seen elsewhere. An example would be Fig. 6.8 on the interaction of the A, P, and E sites during elongation in eukaryotic protein synthesis. An exception is Fig. 7.1, which is the most uninformative explanation of the polymerase chain reaction I have seen anywhere. In many chapters the borrowed figures, however, are from the mid'80s or older. Sometimes this is appropriate, and at other times one wonders if this is the best illustration available. The text is somewhat unusual in its organization. It is divided into five fundamental sections: "Structure of Macromolecules" (three chapters), "Transmission of Information" (five chapters), "Function of Proteins" (four chapters), "Metabolic Pathways and Their Control" (eight chapters), and "Physiological Processes" (seven chapters). All information on carbohydrates and lipids is buried either in chapters on metabolism or in the "Appendix." Sometimes this makes finding specific information rather difficult. The chemistry of rather important reactions in biochemistry, such as the Edman degradation, the reactions of the Maxam-Gilbert sequence chemistry, and the chemical syntheses of oligopeptides and oligonucleotides, has been completely left out. On the other hand the extensive coverage of nitric oxide, reactive oxygen radicals, and prostaglandin synthesis is quite beneficial. In a text that is a new edition I was rather surprised to find so much outdated or incorrect information in areas I know best. In the "Clinical Correlation on Complement, Clinical Correlation 9.1," not only was a reference made to a list later in the book that had nothing to do with complement, but two complement proteins were referred to by nomenclature that hasn't been in use in over 20 years. In the section concerning Scatchard plots, the analysis of multiple binding described in Fig. 21.2 uses a method that was shown by Klotz and Hunston [1] to be based on incorrect assumptions. The description of "nonspecific binding" (p. 937), although widely used experimentally, is incorrect and is defined (indirectly) differently in an accompanying graph. In the section involving fatty acid modifications of proteins, prenylation is not addressed directly, and proteins with thioester modifications are implied incorrectly (p. 507) to be located on the outer leaflet of the cell membrane by their reference to Fig. 12.23f. Probably the worst mistake is in Fig. 9.25, which was taken from a 1988 paper by Landschulz et al. [2] on the theoretical possibility of leucine zippers postulating an anti-parallel structure, later shown to be the wrong choice, which the text still uses to illustrate leucine zippers. In a text that has 28 contributors it is not hard to see why some chapters seem to be written for professors, rather than to instruct students. Three examples will serve to illustrate. In defining Km, the authors first show, like many other authors, that Km (k2 k3)/k1. In the discussion of the significance of Km, the authors show that Km [S] when v Vmax/2. Nowhere is it stressed that the first definition is model-dependent whereas the second condition is the definition of Km. The lack of distinction between these two concepts in one of the most widespread misunderstandings among students. The second example involves the section on thermodynamics in biological systems; most of the section is done well, but there is still a section using G° to talk about coupling reactions. Nowhere is it stated explicitly that for each step the G must be negative, which can occur when concentrations of the reactants and products are in the correct proportions. Several very nice diagrams to illustrate this point have been published in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education, including one by Punekar [3]. The third example is even simpler; when using a symbol that has a vectoral component, such as in Equation 12.2, the direction of the vector must be defined. My plea is to be clear to the uninitiated, as well as accurate. Despite my critical comments, I believe this text fills an important niche, and in that niche it is very well done. As I indicated in my opening paragraph, the emphasis of the material that is quite different from most biochemical texts, the multitude of charts and tables containing data pertaining to humans, and the "Clinical Correlations" make this a very useful text for those going into medicine.


Modern secondary enrolment is no threshold admission,students culture foundation is bad,the students' learning lack of self-consciousness and the enthusiasm,disgusted more serious.According to this case,in teaching we use new teaching methods and teaching means,it can not only improve students' practical ability,but also can give full play to students' initiative and innovation spirit,so as to better train practical talents for the society.


Authors have discussed the possibility of fluidising coal, either into gases such as methane or other higher hydrocarbons in liquid form using bacteria. Methanogenic bacteria has been suggested as a possibility; however adaptation of methanogenic bacteria or other microorganisms for converting solid coal to liquid or gas may lead to pumping of these fluids from bore holes. Consequently conventional mining involving hazards, such as fire, explosion, poisonous gases, roof falls and other manmade risks such as run away of tubs, etc. may be avoided. Two distinct possibilities of using these gases have been suggested. One utilising gas fired thermal power pants or alternatively for storing them in cylinders or transportation through pipe lines is a distinct possibility. The other possibility, that is generation of power directly as fuel cell has also been critically examined. Use of photosynthetic bacteria along with adapted methanogenic bacteria, thereby utilising coal for cell formation and solar energy as source of energy for bacterial growth has been suggested for better environmental and ecological balance. Authors have also compared merits and demerits of suggested technology with underground coal gasification.


Gail Curran is Senior Vascular Research Nurse; Catherine Fisher is Vascular Research Nurse; Paul Hayes is Consultant Vascular Surgeon. All are at Cambridge University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge Vascular Unit, Cambridge. Ian Loftus is Consultant Vascular Surgeon; Leanne Sequeira is Vascular Research Nurse. Both are at St George's Healthcare NHS Trust, London Diabetic foot ulceration currently costs around £600–£700 million per year in the NHS alone (Diabetes UK, 2012; NHS Digital, 2016). Both in the UK, and globally, diabetes incidence is increasing apace with costs set to spiral in the coming years. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy was first used in the field of wound care in the 1960s, and the association between oxygen and wound healing has since been investigated further and applied to a range of wounds. This article examines the role of oxygen — the NATROX® Oxygen Wound Therapy System — in wound healing, and looks at the impact of increased oxygenation on ulcer healing through a case series where the NATROX system was used in patients with diabetic foot ulcers.


Objective: The main objective of this work is to provide and over view of the tsunami detection using remote sensing technique and to calculate the earthquake fault parameters such as fault length, width, area and displacements. Method: Tsunami early warning systems have provided to be the extreme importance after the tsunami that hit Japan in March 2011. This research article presents a case study based on the tsunami detection using Bottom Pressure Rate (BPR) measurement and the post the analysis using the SAR datasets. A final decision based system using BPR has been studied to carry out the measurements of tsunami wave parameters. SAR based study has also been carried out for the post tsunami studies. Wiener filters are utilized to remove the speckle noise presents in imagery. Future scope of this work has also been proposed. The study and analysis for the tsunami because which is generally due to the seabed displacements have been carried out in this research article. With the certain profiling of the underwater geological movements, the Tsunami generation occurs in deep and near-shore Ocean. Findings: The generation and propagation of N-waves occurs underneath and propagates from deep to near-shore without the deformation processes. Since the magnitude and length of the tsunami waves are very high and moves closer to the solitary waves which represents the tsunami in a better manner. The result shows the variation of the displacement from 11cm to about 1995cm at the magnitudes variation from 6.0 to 9.5. It means there is impact of 172% as compared to the magnitude of 6.0 at which the bottom pressure dissemination is minimum. Application/Improvements: The recent researches are to predict the early warning using satellite remote sensing techniques. This study may provide an overview to detect the tsunami signals using radar/remote sensing technologies.


This paper concerns the user perspective when implementing and improving PLM in an
organisation. The main issues investigated are how to efficiently identify, collect and
prioritise the engineers' need towards PLM. This paper presents results from one qualitative
and one quantitative case study performed at one independent automotive OEM, in Sweden.
The case studies show that there are means to collect user-requirements efficiently that
represent both the management and the engineering needs of the organisation


When international law comes into conflict with political or military expediency, it poses a problem for statesmen and soldiers - a problem they sometimes refuse to admit. In 1888, the Royal Navy subjected some seaboard towns to a mock bombardment during its annual manoeuvres. In the controversy that followed, a naval captain wrote to The Times: 'The talk about international law is all nonsense. Who can enforce it?' This opinion was held as firmly by other officers who wrote to the paper, with a single exception.' But if such a dismissive view of the law is granted, especially if it is granted, the problem does not disappear. If the edifice of the law, with its conferences and treaties, its teachers and textbooks, its conventions and platitudes - if all that has no validity, then what purpose does it exist to serve? When Imperial Germany planned to violate Belgian neutrality, it did not flinch from placing raison d'etat above international law. A similar contradiction also bedevilled some British war plans. Before the first world war, the strategic ideas of the Royal Navy clashed with a legal code that the Admiralty had itself helped to negotiate, codify and promote. Two Edwardian Liberal projects came into conflict: first, the plans for economic warfare as a method of overcoming Germany in a future war, and second, the reform of maritime law which took place in stages from 1907 onwards. This contradiction forms the subject of the first part of this essay. The latter part goes on to account for the potency of international law, and why leaders


Despite an increase in the reporting of rape, convictions in England and Wales have fallen significantly in recent years. Previous research has found high rape myth acceptance among police officers. Given that the police act as gatekeepers to the criminal justice system, subscribing to rape myths may have significant effects upon victim attrition and conviction rates. This study explores police officers' use of rape myths and how these may impact investigations and prosecutions. A total of 17 semi-structured interviews were conducted with police officers from a large English police force. The interview data were analysed using the qualitative method of thematic analysis. Although there were instances where officers demonstrated some awareness of the need to dispel or counter rape myths, rape myths were employed by most officers, with the most common relating to (1) victim fabrication ('women lie') and (2) victim precipitation ('women ask for it'). Recommendations are made around screening and training for police officers.


JEONG, SEONGHYUN. Frequentist Properties of Bayesian Procedures for High-Dimensional Sparse Regression. (Under the direction of Subhashis Ghoshal.) High-dimensional sparse models have received a lot of attention during the last two decades, but their theoretical properties from the Bayesian point of view have been much less studied than those under the frequentist framework. This dissertation aims to fill these gaps by studying the frequentist properties of the Bayesian procedures for various high-dimensional sparse regression models. Chapter 2 deals with a unified approach to Bayesian sparse regression when a possibly infinite-dimensional nuisance parameter is involved in a model. A mixture of a point mass at zero and a Laplace distribution is used for the prior distribution on sparse regression coefficients and an appropriate prior distribution is assigned to a nuisance parameter to yield nearly optimal posterior contraction. A shape approximation to the posterior distribution is characterized to show a semiparametric Bernstein-von Mises-type theorem and model selection consistency. Numerous examples are discussed including regression with partially sparse coefficients, multiple response models with missing components, multivariate measurement error models, mixed effects models, partial linear models, and nonparametric heteroskedastic regression models. Chapter 3 considers high-dimensional logit models for categorical response variables under group sparsity. Similar to Chapter 2, a mixture prior consisting of a point mass at zero and a Laplace-type distribution is assigned to high-dimensional regression coefficients. Our study improves existing results in various directions. The procedure exhibits nearly optimal posterior contraction for the group sparse modeling. An approximation to the posterior distribution is also characterized to achieve model selection consistency. The distributional approximation also leads to a Bernstein-von Mises theorem for uncertainty quantification through credible sets with guaranteed frequentist coverage. Chapter 4 focuses on posterior contraction rates for the high-dimensional generalized linear models with sparse priors. Again, a mixture prior is considered for high-dimensional regression coefficients, but a proper class of continuous distributions is considered for the slab-part in place of one single distribution. Our procedure incorporates non-canonical and canonical link functions; hence some standard, but non-canonical, models can also be considered, such as probit regression or gamma regression with the logarithmic link. The induced posterior contraction rates are nearly optimal. High-dimensional generalized linear models can be treated under this framework and their posterior contraction rates can be derived explicitly using the developed theory. © Copyright 2019 by Seonghyun Jeong


In 2001, the Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Teaching and Learning Committee approved funding for a professional development program for Coordinators of Large Units (CLU) for 2002. This program is jointly facilitated by the Human Resources Department (HR) and Teaching and Learning Support Services (TALSS).
The program is unique in both its focus and the way it has harnessed the distinct development responsibilities of two departments – HR for development in management and leadership and TALSS for development in teaching and learning. The CLU program facilitation team comprises two staff members from each Department along with joint administrative support.
The focus of the CLU program is twofold:
a) to support CLUs as a staff cohort with unique and specific needs and
b) to acknowledge and make visible the systemic issues associated with teaching large groups of students.


Abstract. Nowadays people aware of the importance of health is growing, one of which is the increasing number of sports enthusiasts. Outdoor sports cycling is one of the activities which is in great demand by urbanites. In addition to health purposes, cycling is a mean to escape from the fatigue of daily routines. The emergence of cycling groups in urban communities is a reflection of the need for exercise while having recreation outdoors. To find out the type of motivation for cycling activities in urban communities, questionnaires were conducted on two cycling communities in Indonesia. They are TOC (Trifold Owner Community) and JGC–SCAM (Jaserco Gowes Club–Serang-Cilegon-Anyer-Merak). The results obtained urban cyclists' characteristics and motivations. There are various kinds of motivations, ranging from exercise, traveling, reducing the effects of air pollution, saving fuel and avoiding congestion, seeking new experiences and challenges, friendships, to just look for self-actualization.


The pervasiveness of computers in our current society (transportation, e-commerce, home appliances, medical monitoring, process control) expands our freedom for flexible ad-hoc communication and dynamic collaboration between individuals through a wide variety of devices. With the pervasive deployment of computers, the Peer-to-Peer (P2P) model is increasingly receiving attention for direct and symmetric interaction and to perform critical functions in a decentralized manner. Some of the benefits of a P2P environment include its ability for self-organization, scalability by avoiding dependency on centralized servers, resource aggregation and adaptation to different loads, resiliency to node failures and lower cost of ownership and cost sharing. The goal of this panel is to explore the synergy of these two technologies, identify the challenges along with their shortcomings and explore promising approaches.


The consumer is looking for good food and better nutrition. He understood very well that food and health are closely linked. What is confirmed today is the feeling of a change in the apparent balance of knowledge and power in relation to food, which requires some adjustment on the part of producers. This article, based on a review of the scientific literature, aims to understand how the use of the Internet changes the relationship between producer and consumer, resulting from the increase in the number of consumers of the Internet. According to the analysis, the development of food trade on the Internet contributes to changing this relationship between producer and consumer. The consumer no longer assumes the role of passive partner, but becomes more "empowered" or enters into more equal relations with brands thanks to digital devices.


Because of ten-year exile in Wuling,Liu yuxi bequeathed valuable property of literature to the de- scendants in Wuling,and imposed immense and deep influence on talents in Wuling.His literary talent encourages gen- erations of prominent figures in Wuling.The autochthonous poetic content dug out by him became subject matter of poem which was intonated by the descendants in Wuling time and again.He is especially influential in folk song such as Zhuzhi -Ci.


Part 1 Molecular and cellular processes in synaptic plasticity: mGluR1 and mGluR5 glutamate receptors - molecular biology, pharmacology and roles on hippocampal synaptic transmission, Joel Bockaert et al AMPA-glutamate receptor regulation and synaptic plasticity, Steve Standley et al the expression of LTP of glutamate receptor-mediated synaptic transmission as determined by the redox state of NMDA receptors and the extent of NMDA receptor activation during a tetanus, June C. Hirsch et al analysis of synaptic plasticity and memory in the mammalian brain with the gene-knockout technology, Chong Chen and Susumu Tonegawa. Part 2 LTP and LTD mechanisms: involvement of AMPA receptors in LTP mechanisms and memory, John Larson and Peter W. Vanderklish mechanisms of homosynaptic LTD in the hippocampus, Robert C. Malenka homosynaptic LTD and depotentiation in the hippocampus in vivo, Serge Laroche et al LTP and LTD in the visual cortex, Alfredo Kirkwood and Mark F. Bear electroresponsive properties of cerebellar purkinje cells in mGlur1 gene-lacking mice, Francis Crepel et al LTD and LTP at the corticostriatal synapse, Antonio Pisani et al. Part 3 Synaptic plasticity in network processes: generation of temporal correlations in firing of pyramidal cells by networks of inhibitory neurons, Roger D. Traub et al LTP and LTD and the encoding of memory in small ensembles of hippocampal neurons, Robert E. Hampson and Sam A. Deadwyler the constraint of synaptic potentiation and memory formation by entorhinal-hippocampal network dynamics, James J. Chrobak and Gyorgy Buzsaki network determinants of hippocampal synaptic plasticity, Theodore W. Berger et al. Part 4 Synaptic plasticity in network models: what LTP, LTD and cortical receptive fields tell us about synaptic modification, Harel Shouval and Leon M. Cooper linking LTP to network function - a simulation of episodic memory in the hippocampal formation, Michael E. Hasselmo and Chantal E. Stern adaptive stimulus representations in a computational model of cortical-hippocampal function, Mark A. Gluck and Catherine E. Myers adapting recurrent cortical excitation, Christof Koch et al.


There has been a tremendous growth in the transportation sector over the last decade. Importantly, this has also resulted in the need for communication between vehicles. However, the biggest disadvantage has been the high-speed nature of the vehicles which inhibits the stability of communication. A cluster-based technique wherein all vehicles within a region are grouped together with different levels of the hierarchy have been well investigated. However, such technique fails with dynamic variation in the traffic environment. In this paper, an adaptive clustering technique is proposed based on image-based real-time traffic identification. The novelty lies in proposing an inception v3 network with deep CNN (IP-DNN) for image-based traffic identification which then serves as the basis for selecting the best clustering technique. It has been found that such an adaptive mechanism results in up to 25% faster cluster selection as compared to static techniques. This is a significant result that provides the necessary impetus for developing real-time V2V (vehicle to vehicle) communication across varying traffic environments.


The present study examines whether the Promoting Alternative THinking Strategies (PATHS) curriculum has an ameliorating effect on internalizing symptoms among 68 lowincome and maltreated participants between the ages of 7 and 11. Participants attended a sixweek after school program, which implemented the PATHS curriculum. Pre and post measures were obtained and a repeated measures design was used to analyze all participants across three measures of anxiety, depression, and self-esteem. Results indicated that participants did not report clinical significant levels of anxiety, but that those children whose parents had 11 years or more of education reported significantly lower levels of anxiety after participating in the PATHS curriculum. This is in contrast to those children whose parents did not obtain 11 years of education, who did not report lowered levels of anxiety after participating in the PATHS curriculum. Participants' reports did show clinically significant levels of depression both before and after completing the PATHS curriculum, and demonstrated statistically significantly higher levels of self-reported depression after completing the PATHS curriculum. Girls tended to report a higher level of depression, but no interaction was found between genders. Participants reported a clinically significant level of Negative Self-Esteem as well, and did not show improvement after completing the PATHS curriculum. Running Head: EFFECT OF PATHS ON INTERNALIZING SYMPTOMS 3


Momentum densities for atoms with atomic numbers ranging from two to ten are calculated using various wave functions. The nature of momentum density functions is discussed in detail. (AIP)


Textures are one of the important features in computer vision for many applications. In the literature, most of the attention has been focused on the texture features with minimal consideration of the noise models and window selection. To overcome this, in the present paper the features are constructed on preprocessed methods applied on the texture image by considering different types of windows. These features offer a better classification rate. The experimental results on various Brodatz textures clearly demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.


Background: The permanent filler polyacrylamide hydrogel (Aquamid) has been used for soft-tissue augmentation for more than 16 years. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the material, the manufacturer initiated in 2001 a prospective clinical trial with a follow-up of 5 years. This represents one of the longest running studies on currently used fillers. Methods: Two hundred fifty-one patients were enrolled in a noncomparative, prospective study and followed at 15 sites in Europe. The follow-up rates were 228 (90.8 percent), 101 (40.2 percent), 81 (32.3 percent), and 116 (46.2 percent) for the 12-, 24-, 36/48-, and 60-month follow-up periods. Patients received an average of 4.3 ml of Aquamid during an average of 2.4 injection sessions. Preferred areas were the nasolabial folds (37 percent) and the lips (28 percent). Study parameters were cosmetic outcome, blood analysis, and recording of local or generalized symptoms, including adverse reactions. Results: Aesthetic outcome was rated as "very good" or "good" by 96.5 percent of patients and by 96.0 percent of investigators at final available follow-up. During the entire study period, a total of 53 adverse events and two serious adverse events were classified as treatment related. Thirteen adverse events were gel indurations and four cases of infection were seen. All had been resolved within the study period. Conclusions: The study showed a very good aesthetic outcome and few adverse events after injection of polyacrylamide gel for soft-tissue augmentation. Correct application was essential to ensure a favorable result. For patients who desire facial soft-tissue augmentation, Aquamid is an excellent alternative to surgery.


To reduce the use of natural aggregates commonly used in base layers, constructing recycled aggregate base (RAB) layers has gained popularity. However, in the literature, there is limited information about the engineering properties of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) materials with different gradations and the blends of RCA and recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) materials. There is also a lack of practice in using a mechanistic-empirical (ME) design method to optimize RAB layer thicknesses. In this study, several full-scale test cells were built with RAB and natural aggregate base layers, and the physical and engineering properties of the base layer aggregates were determined in the laboratory. For long-term performance evaluation of the cells built in the field, falling weight deflectometer (FWD) tests were performed, rutting measurements were taken, and soil temperature was monitored over a period of two years. An ME design procedure was used to optimize RAB layer thicknesses.


A household network system includes a master network gate connected with networks internally and externally, device for receiving communication signals from different external networks and delivering them internal network. A master network equipment with master net protocol to exchange information and data. Subnet work gate connectting the subnet controlling devices with the master gate and realizing interconnection among the multiple sub devices to exchange data with them. Each subnetwork device has device discription file for storing each own state parameter for controlling the subnetwork device.


This paper presents the demands of MTBE at home and abroad,reviews the development of MTBE produc-tion using catalytic distillation technology and the new advances of the catalyst for etherification.


Communication is the cornerstone of decentralized systems. However, in open and decentralized multi-agent systems, assumptions on the internal implementation of the agents are reduced to the minimum, in order to allow heterogeneous agents to enter or quit the system at any time. Therefore, some agents that do not respect – voluntarily or not – the rules for a "good" communicative behavior may be introduced in the system. In this paper, we propose a trust model for the reliability of agent communications. We define inconsistencies in the communications (represented as social commitments) in order to enable agents to detect lies and update their trust model of other agents. Then, agents use their trust model to decide whether to trust or not a new commitment. Some results are presented based on experimentations on the functions proposed to compute the reputation values that compose the trust model.


Due to the wide use of rubber components in different engineering applications such as vibration isolators, engine mounts, car tires, and bridge bearing pads, etc. This rubber component mostly subjected to high levels of vibration and noise which are among the most reasons that lead to the failure of the structures. In the present paper has been performed experimentally to investigate the influences: different content ratios of natural rubber (NR) and polybutadiene (BR.cis) rubber blends [1: (50/50) %, 2: (60/40) %, 3: (70/30) %, 4: (80/20) %, 5: (90/10) %, 6: (100/0) % pphr], and two carbon blacks types (N375, and N220) on the dynamic properties (Rebound Resilience, Damping Time, and Decay Rate). The experimental results showed that the rubber compound that has the blending ratio [1: (50/50) %] has high resilience (low damping), high damping time and high displacement for two carbon black types used in this work. While these properties were improved whenever the rubber blend close to the percentage [5: (90/10) %]. The damping time, amplitude, and resilience of a rubber compound with a blending (90/10) % and carbon black (N220) are decreased by (24.53 %, 36.854 %, and 36.852 %), respectively, compared with a rubber blend that has the blending ratio of (50/50) %.


Abstract In the present paper, Al–Al2O3 composite strips are produced by the cold roll bonding process of anodised aluminium strips. This technique has the flexibility to control the volume fraction of metal matrix composites by varying the oxide layer thickness on the anodised aluminium strip. Microhardness, tensile strength and elongation of composite strips are investigated as a function of quantity of alumina and the applied production method. It is found that higher quantities of alumina improve microhardness and tensile strength, while the elongation value decreases negligibly. Furthermore, prerolling annealing is found to be the best method of producing this composite via the cold roll bonding process. Finally, it is found that both monolithic aluminium and aluminium/alumina composite exhibited a ductile fracture, having dimples and shear zones.


Measurements of the radioactivity and the analysis of nuclides in a fresh airborne dusts have been made for Chinese nuclear explosion test during 1972-1974. Samples were collected on filter paper with a dust sampler mounted on an aircraft at high altitude over Japan. It was observed that the airborne dusts reached Japan in 1-3 days after the bursts, and its effect is temporary in most cases. The level of the gross beta-activity of fresh airborne dusts increase after tests, but the concentrations of 90Sr and 137Cs do not very markedly.


The variation of the rheological properties of Daqing waxy crudes with their thermal history and their time effect are discussed. Rheological properties of Daqing crude were determined in the laboratory with rotational viscometers and U-tube devices. The feasibility of using the proper heat treatment to improve the low-temperature flow property of Daqing crude was studied. Field tests on three long-distance heated-crude pipelines showed good agreement with laboratory measurement. A mathematical model for determination of the optimum operation parameters of pipeline transportation is also given.


Background and aims Diverticular disease is among the most prevalent conditions encountered by gastroenterologists, affecting ∼50% of Americans before the age of 60. Our aim was to identify genetic risk variants and clinical phenotypes associated with diverticular disease, utilizing the electronic health record (EHR) with Natural Language Processing (NLP). Methods We developed a NLP-enriched phenotype algorithm that incorporated colonoscopy or abdominal imaging reports to accurately identify patients with diverticulosis and diverticulitis from multicenter EHRs. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of diverticular disease in European, African and multi-ancestry participants, followed by phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) of the risk variants to identify their potential comorbid/pleiotropic effects in the clinical phenome. For more in-depth investigation of associated clinical phenotypes, we also performed PheWAS with the previously reported 52 GWAS susceptibility variants for diverticular disease. Results Ancestry-stratified GWAS analyses confirmed the well-established associations between ARHGAP15 loci with diverticular disease in European cohorts, and found similar positive effect sizes in African cohorts but with non-significant p-values. With overall intensified GWAS signals in diverticulitis patients compared to diverticulosis patients, we found substantial genetic correlations between diverticulosis and diverticulitis, up to 0.997 in European ancestry. PheWAS analyses identified associations between the diverticular disease GWAS variants and circulatory system, genitourinary, and neoplastic EHR phenotypes. Conclusion Our multiancestry GWAS-PheWAS study demonstrated an effective use of multidimensional EHR information in disease case/control classification with NLP for more comprehensive and scalable phenotyping, and implementation of an integrative analytical pipeline to facilitate etiological investigation of a disease from a clinical perspective.


The perspective here is that the place of Rastafari in a universal culture, a new society, depends not only on it becoming more informed by class analysis, as Campbell contends, but also on the nurturing of the feminist ferment which here is called 'the new Rastafari.' Original Rastafari is uncompromising in its commitment to 'chant down Babylon,' the capitalist system. However, it is bound by the 'capitalist male deal.' Sexism is the key defining feature distinguishing the old rasta from the new. And it is also a fetter limiting the old rasta to a black nationalist accommodation with capitalism. In contrast, the defining feature of new Rastafari is the affirmation that class consciousness cannot exist without gender consciousness.


The contribution of noninstructional activities to classroom teacher effectiveness was investigated by administering a questionnaire to 52 university faculty members. The criterion for classroom effectiveness was a student evaluation of each teacher. A simple correlation analysis and the multiple regression technique were used to evaluate the results of this study. A significant result of the study was the failure of noninstructional activities to have predictive value when student-perceived teacher effectiveness is used as the criterion. A second significant result was the negative effect that time spent in consulting had upon classroom teacher effectiveness. Implications for further research are discussed, including the suggestion that a reevaluation of the responsibility of the university to the community, and of education to society, may be necessary.


A LOW order autoimmune response resulting in inhibition of tyrosinase activity in the melanocyte has been suggested as a possible mechanism for the development of vitiligo. In fact antibodies specific against tyrosinase have been produced in experimental animals (Lorincz, 1959). If the autoimmune mechanism is operative, the use of steroids might be expected to be beneficial in the treatment of this disorder. The purpose of this communication is to report the results of the trial of the use of a combination of steroids and psoralens in the treatment of this disease.


Pak Samboyo, the founder, trance master and leader of Samboyo Putro, contrary to Pak Usodo, had a positive attitude to the government-propagated adaptations that were supposed to bring the traditional genre of the horse dance into line with the trend of social developments. Modernization of the genre of the horse dance to him implied, among other things, bringing his group as much as possible into conformity with the prevailing aesthetic norms as far as props, costumes and presentation were concerned in order to lift it above the image of coarseness and vulgarity. The inclusion of a narrator/singer and a female singer in the group to introduce the Javanese literary tradition in its performances, as well as the attention bestowed on the aesthetic quality of the opening dances, executed in perfect harmony with the gamelan, are examples of this.Keywords: horse dance; Kediri; modernization; Pak Samboyo; Samboyo Putro


This article will examine the Big Brother television series through the prism of the anthropology of religion. It will examine the ways in which Big Brother is comparable to a pilgrimage on the one hand and a tribal initiation ceremony on the other. In this regard, Victor Turner's research on these subjects, and related criticisms, will be discussed in detail. It will argue that one possible reason for the popularity of Big Brother is that it is a modern liminal phase in which contestants undergo suffering to attain the status of celebrity. This, it will argue, is pertinent because modern society prizes celebrity so highly. Thus, it will argue that the Big Brother programme appeals not only to voyeurism but to a kind of religious or tribal structure–that those who endure suffering have their status raised.


Like many other industrial sites, stormwater and process waste waters at Ampol's oil refinery were originally co-mingled before going to its on-site Waste Water Treatment Plant. Although treated effluent quality from the site met government requirements, Ampol identified that segregation of the stormwater from process waste water streams would significantly improve the effluent quality in a cost effective manner to achieve Best Practice standards. The challenges in carrying this out in an oil refinery are great, with a number of processes involved, and stream qualities varying from caustic to oily water to be handled. One of the greatest challenges was to ensure the upgrade was carried out in a cost effective manner.


Introduction 1. The document 2. The instruments 3. The dance types 4. The seven 'passionate pavans' 5. 'Divers other pavans, galiards, and almands' 6. Reception.


"Art curricula should focus on learning how to be creative rather than preparing art school graduates to produce art for sale." In her book, The Making of an Artist: Desire, Courage, and Commitment...


Due to missed sample labeling, unsupervised feature selection during single-cell (sc) RNA-seq can identify critical genes under the experimental conditions considered. In this paper, we applied principal component analysis (PCA)-based unsupervised feature extraction (FE) to identify biologically relevant genes from mouse and human embryonic brain development expression profiles retrieved by scRNA-seq. When evaluating the biological relevance of selected genes by various enrichment analyses, the PCA-based unsupervised FE outperformed conventional unsupervised approaches that select highly variable genes as well as bimodal genes in addition to the recently proposed dpFeature.


Summary. During the interim stages of most large‐scale clinical trials, knowledge that a patient is alive or dead is usually not up‐to‐date. This is due to the pattern of patient visits to hospitals as well as the administrative set‐up used by the study to obtain information on vital status. On a two‐armed study, if the process of ascertaining vital status is not the same in both treatment groups, then the standard method of testing based on the logrank statistic may not be applicable. Instead, an ad hoc modification to the logrank test, which artificially truncates follow‐up prior to the time of analysis, is often used. These approaches have not been formally addressed in the literature. In the early stages of a clinical trial, severe bias or loss of power may result. For this situation, we propose a class of test statistics that extends the usual class of U statistics. Asymptotic normality is derived by reformulating the statistics in terms of counting processes and employing the theory of U statistics along with martingale techniques. For early interim analyses, a numerical study indicates that the new tests can be more powerful than the current practice when differential ascertainment is present. To illustrate the potential loss of information when lagging follow‐up to control for ascertainment delays, we reanalyze an AIDS clinical trial with the truncated logrank and the new statistics.


"Whoo-oop! I'm the old original iron-jawed, brass-mounted, copper-bellied corpse-maker from the wilds of Arkansaw! Look at me! I'm the man they call Sudden Death and General Desolation! Sired by a hurricane, dam'd by an earthquake, half-brother to the cholera, nearly related to the smallpox on the mother's side! Look at me! I take nineteen alligators and a bar'l of whiskey for breakfast when I'm in robust health, and a bushel of rattlesnakes and a dead body when I'm ailing! . . . Whoo-oop! Stand back and give me room according to my strength! Blood's my natural drink, and the wails of the dying is music to my ear! Cast your eye on me, gentlemen, and lay low and hold your breath, for I'm about to turn myself loose!"1 Thus sings Bob the keelboatman as reported without moral judgment by Huck Finn. Huck has swum from his cozy raft to eavesdrop on the big keelboat, to find out if he and Jim have drifted south of Cairo, downriver of Jim's chance at freedom. They have. But instead of information, Huck gets keelboatman talk and fighting. The Child of Calamity hollers back at Bob, and finally Little Davy threatens to thrash them both. After a violent and inconclusive grown-up brawl, these oversized boys, Bob and the Child, "shook hands with each other, very solemn, and said they had always respected each other, and was willing to let bygones be bygones." Then, as the necessity for a bout of hard work interrupted their normal play "they washed their faces in the river; and just then there was a loud order to stand by for a crossing, and some of them went forward to man the sweeps there, and the rest went aft to handle the after sweeps." Later, back to normal drift, "they sung 'Jolly Jolly raftsman's the life for me,' with a rousing chorus, and then they got to talking about differences betwixt hogs and their different kinds of habits; and next about women and their different ways; . . . and next about what ought to be done with the Injuns; and next about what a king had to do, and how much he got," and so on. Each subject jostled the next in an unformed, credulous manner, as the men-boys slid on down the river (19). Bob the keelboatman and the Child of Calamity and Little Davy, sons of the muddy Mississippi, are objects of ridicule for Twain, but though primitive and


CLA[3][1] refer to a group of octadecadienoic acid isomers that contain two conjugated double bonds. CLA can be found in natural food sources, such as dairy products or meat of ruminant animals. Considerable attention has been directed recently to CLA based on their ability to act as preventive


As the name implies, proximal femoral focal deficiency (PFFD) is a failure in development of the proximal femur and acetabulum of varying degrees. This article reviews the classification schemes with illustrated examples. Clinical findings, associated anomalies, imaging, and treatment are discussed. Patients are classified by radiographs, often changing classes as the patient's skeleton matures. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can aid in earlier and more accurate classification. The classification scheme exists to predict future function and the role of surgical intervention.


Obesity is approaching epidemic levels. One of the main characteristics of obesity is the development of insulin resistance, leading to other comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease. Insulin resistance has been shown to be induced with obesity in peripheral tissues, such as liver, muscle, and adipocytes, by the pro‐inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). In the hypothalamus, the main brain region for energy regulation, neuroinflammation‐induced insulin resistance has been demonstrated to occur upon prolonged treatment with high levels of insulin and palmitate, and we are exploring whether TNFα, a downstream surrogate for palmitate, has similar effects. We hypothesized that TNFα‐treated rat hypothalamic neurons would exhibit cellular neuroinflammation and insulin resistance as evidenced by increased expression of pro‐inflammatory genes and attenuated phosphorylation of Akt (pAkt) in the insulin signaling pathway. Using an immortalized rat hypothalamic cell line (rHypoE‐7), a well‐characterized NPY‐expressing neuronal line derived from male embryonic hypothalamii, we studied changes in pAkt and inflammatory gene marker mRNA expression after TNFα treatment by Western blot and quantitative real‐time PCR, respectively. A qPCR array of 84 inflammatory markers (receptors, chemokines, and cytokines) demonstrated an increase in the expression of a number of genes encoding inflammatory markers, including Tollip and Caspase‐1, upon exposure to 100 ng/mL TNFα for 4 h. Neurons pre‐exposed to TNFα (50 ng/mL) for 6 or 16 h exhibited a significant reduction in pAkt compared to control after insulin treatment. TNFα also significantly increased mRNA expression of TNF, IK‐κB, Tollip, Tnfrsf1a, and IL6 at 4 h. In conclusion, pre‐treatment with the inflammatory cytokine TNFα causes cellular insulin resistance in the rHypoE‐7 neurons, consistent with effects seen with TNFα in peripheral tissues. It also mimics insulin‐ and palmitate‐induced insulin resistance in hypothalamic neurons. Further, these results demonstrate that components of the IKK‐β/NF‐κB pathway appear to be activated upon exposure to TNFα, providing a putative target to reverse neuroinflammation and insulin resistance with anti‐inflammatory agents.


In this paper, we study the module structure of the homology of Artin kernels, i.e., kernels of non-resonant characters from right-angled Artin groups onto the integer numbers, the module structure being with respect to the ring $\mathbb{K}[t^{\pm 1}]$, where $\mathbb{K}$ is a field of characteristic zero. Papadima and Suciu determined some part of this structure by means of the flag complex of the graph of the Artin group. In this work, we provide more properties of the torsion part of this module, e.g., the dimension of each primary part and the maximal size of Jordan forms (if we interpret the torsion structure in terms of a linear map). These properties are stated in terms of homology properties of suitable filtrations of the flag complex and suitable double covers of an associated toric complex.


DOI: 10.2514/1.29250 The control of deformable bodies through a large number of small gyroscopes has received attention in the past 20 years. Promising in principle for the control of spacecraft structures, the idea needs the design of fit control algorithms to be developed in practice. Aiming at this design, here we develop two special but technically important cases, which can be easily implemented and of possible use in spacecraft appendages: an elastic beam with an embeddedarrayofcoaxialrotorsdistributedalongthebeam'saxisandspinningaboutit,andachain,eachrigidlink ofwhichcontainsarotorwhoseaxisispinnedalongthelink-to-linkdirection.Weshowsomeresultsforthedynamics of such structures that are made possible by the control of the rotors and can be implemented to deal with and eventually damp small disturbances: the propagation of screw waves of small amplitude through chains or beams, and the diversion of energy from one mode to another in the linear transversal vibrations of beams.


Facial lipoatrophy can be socially disfiguring, often prompting patients to seek correction. A variety of agents are used to treat facial lipoatrophy, but the quest for the ideal agent remains elusive. We present a case of non‐HIV associated, idiopathic hemi‐facial lipoatrophy successfully treated with autologous fat transfer (ATF). Because ATF has no complications from antigenicity, it is a safe and cost‐effective treatment option for patients with non‐HIV associated cases of facial lipoatrophy and abundant donor tissue.


147 T he Atlantic Ocean was central to history over a period of five centuries. Multiple links were created that still survive today, but in constant evolution. The European colonization of the Americas and Africa represented a dramatic transformation in the societies and territories of three continents. Over the course of the centuries, structural changes occurred in the relationships across the Atlantic following domination, but also cooperation patterns, both East-West and NorthSouth, and also according to diagonal or triangular schemes. However, the Atlantic Ocean has not been considered an integrated space as a whole. Rather, a fragmented view of the Atlantic Space in various areas of influence has prevailed. Given the increasingly interpolar nature of the global order (Grevi 2009), the Atlantic Space works as a subsystem in the Global Order, composed of different regions interacting and making up different geopolitical spaces, in the North and the South, or diagonally.


The work presents principal characteristics of public management and it principles from an angle of public administration where they reign over. Also the mechanisms, by which are managed public organizations, are presented as well as the reciprocal and administrative sphere and not in the last row the principal rules which reign over the relation government – market during the last two centuries.


Abstract Slightly different reaction conditions lead to two modifications of single crystalline BaZnCl 4 . The crystal structure of BaZnCl 4 -II (orthorhombic, Pbcn (No. 60), Z =4, a =6.5041(9), b =15.363(3), c =6.819(1) A, R all =0.0608) consists of edge and corner sharing [BaCl 8 ] polyhedra with [ZnCl 4 ] tetrahedra filling the holes of the [BaCl 8 ] network. The polyhedra in BaZnCl 4 -I are nearly equal but the linkage is different. Both modifications can be obtained as single phases from BaCl 2 /ZnCl 2 mixtures and show no phase transitions down to 4 K. Emission spectra of both modifications doped with Sm 2+ reveal 4 f 5 5 d 1 → 7 F J as well as 5 D 0 → 7 F J transitions. In spite of the similar surrounding of Sm 2+ in both modifications the shift of the maximum of the d→ f emission is 450 cm −1 , showing that small changes in the coordination polyhedra of divalent rare earths cause large changes in luminescence properties.


The Asian giant softshell turtle, Pelochelys cantorii (Family Trionychidae), is a large freshwater species which can reach 60-100 cm in total carapacen length. It occurs in a variety of habitats, including lakes, rivers, estuaries, seacoasts, and occasionally in coastal marine waters. The species is widespread, occurring from peninsular India to China and Southeast Asia. The taxonomy of the genus Pelochelys has recently been revised, and P.bibroni is now considered to be restricted to southern New Guinea, P.signifera in northern New Guinea, and P. cantorii is now the valid name for the species known from the rest of the range of the genus.


Objective: Investigate the infectious circumstance of hepatitis Virus in the patient with hemophilia after injecting a large amount of the cryofibrinogen for many time and present a new conception of detecting hepatitis virus through blood. Method: The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to explore hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) ,the rote nephelometry was used to explore Ig,C3 and C4. Result: 20 patients contain hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb). Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B core antibody IgM and IgG, hepatitis B e-antibody and hepatitis B e-antigen were all negative. Five patients contain HCV antibody and one of them was increased in ALT, three of them was decreased in Ig. Conclusion: Hemophilia after injecting cryofibrinogen is susceptive by HCV. But inoculating hepatitis B vaccine can prevente HBV infection before treatment.


The synthesis and chiral resolution of a C3-symmetric triaminotribenzotriquinacene is reported. Both enantiomers were obtained in good yields and excellent enantiomeric purity by selective precipitation of their monodibenzoyltartrate salts. Conversion of the enantiopure (M)-triaminotribenzotriquinacene into a C3-symmetric triiodide highlights the usefulness of this compound as a starting point for the preparation of other enantiopure C3-symmetric tribenzotriquinacene derivatives, which may find application as building blocks for the preparation of chiral molecules in the nanosize regime.


The most efficient sources of squeezed light have employed χ(2) processes in parametric downconversion or upconversion. In second harmonic generation both the fundamental and second harmonic modes are in an amplitude squeezed state. The upconverted mode is the squeezed state with the shortest wavelength involved in the process; therefore, frequency doubling is a promising scheme with which squeezing can be pushed toward the blue end of the spectrum. We measured the amplitude and phase noise properties of the second harmonic light generated in a frequency doubling monolithic cavity.


In Willow Grouse Lagopus I. lagopus, as in the other Lagopus species, the hen alone incubates the eggs, leaving the nest only to defaecate and feed. The cock stands nearby to defend the nest area against predators and normally takes no direct part in egg or chick care (Johnsgard 1973, Watson & Jenkins 1964). This note discusses two cases of abnormal incubation and chick care by captive Willow Grouse cocks at the University of Tromso's Wildlife Research Station.


The present invention discloses a fasudil hydrochloride pharmaceutical composition for injection of the fasudil hydrochloride injection of fasudil hydrochloride, cysteine hydrochloride, sodium chloride, each containing hydrochloric acid method fasudil 15-60mg, cysteine hydrochloride mg, sodium chloride mg. The preparation process: the formulation amounts of 90% water for injection, at a temperature of 55-65 deg.] C, formulation amounts of cysteine hydrochloride was added, stirred and dissolved; adding prescribed amount of fasudil hydrochloride, stirred until dissolved, to solution was added prescribed amount of sodium chloride, stirring until completely dissolved; initial pH value was measured based on the initial pH, with 4% sodium hydroxide solution, and 10% cysteine hydrochloric acid solution at a pH range of 5.5 to 6.5; medicinal charcoal was added to the stirred; filtration, the total amount added to water for injection, mixed homogeneously; fine filtration; filling; sterilization; light inspection; storage; derived products. The fasudil hydrochloride pharmaceutical compositions of good stability to light, no crystallinity, clarity, good stability, the invention is to improve the product yield, lower cost, industrialization, better clinical application, having more obvious advantages.


Abstract In the northern Great Plains, fields are land rolled after the planting of annual pulse and forage crops to push rocks back into the soil to prevent damage to harvest equipment. Field trials were conducted in 2004 and 2005 to determine if land rolling influenced weed density or biomass associated with field pea, forage barley, and summer fallow. The experiment included two planting dates, conventional and delayed, for both barley and pea. Separate fallow plots were included with each planting date. Preplant tillage was conducted with a field cultivator for all treatments. Across years, crops, and planting dates, land rolling approximately doubled densities of tumble mustard, Russian thistle, kochia, and redroot pigweed shortly after crop emergence and at harvest compared with nonrolled. Land rolling increased density of early-emerging green foxtail but density at harvest was not affected. Wild oat densities were not influenced by rolling. Weed biomass at harvest was greater after land rolling than nonrolled. Land rolling after planting decreased subsequent pea yield by 330 kg/ha, but did not influence water use or water use efficiency. Land rolling is advantageous by hastening depletion of soil broadleaf weed seed banks in forage barley, but may increase problematic broadleaf weeds in pea. Nomenclature: Green foxtail, Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. SETVI; kochia, Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott KCHSC; redroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L. AMARE; Russian thistle, Salsola iberica Sennen & Pau SASKR; tumble mustard, Sisymbrium altissimum L. SSYAL; wild oat, Avena fatua L. AVEFA; barley, Hordeum vulgare L.; pea, Pisum sativum L


Abstract Human ovary is commonly the target of an autoimmune attack in cases of organ- or non-organ-specific autoimmune disorders. Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is likely to be associated with ovarian dysfunction and diminished ovarian reserve. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the possible negative association between this significantly prevalent autoimmune disease and the ovarian reserve. Thirty-two premenopausal women with primary hypothyroidism, who under replacement therapy with thyroxine were recruited. Forty-nine healthy female subjects who had normal anti-thyroid antibody levels and were comparable with the HT group in terms of age and BMI values, comprised the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between the study and the control patients in terms of antral follicle count. Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels were significantly higher in woman with HT compared to the control group. The results of this study found no impairment in ovarian reserve parameters of patients with HT. Interestingly, the results revealed a significant increase in serum AMH levels of the patients with HT compared to controls. Hashimoto's thyroiditis may share a common etiologic linkage with polycystic ovary syndrome; therefore, leading to elevated serum AMH levels, which we are currently unable to define elaborately. Chinese abstract 人类卵巢经常成为器官特异性或非器官特异性自身免疫性疾病的靶器官。桥本甲状腺炎(HT)或与卵巢功能不全和卵巢储备功能降低有关。本研究的目标为评估这种常见的自身免疫性疾病与卵巢储备可能存在的负相关性。 32名原发性甲状腺功能低下并使用甲状腺素进行替代治疗的绝经前妇女被纳入了此项研究。对照组包括49名抗甲状腺抗体正常的,与HT组年龄和BMI值相仿的受试者。在窦卵泡数方面,实验组和对照组并无明显的统计学差异。与对照组相比,HT组血清抗苗勒氏管激素水平显著升高。研究结果未发现HT患者的卵巢储备相关参数受到损伤。有趣的是,研究结果显示出HT患者相比较对照组AMH的显著升高。 桥本甲状腺炎与多囊卵巢综合征或具有相同的病原学联系。因此,导致了血清AMH的升高,这是我们目前无法精确判定的。


The Civil Engineering Technology faculty of Southern Polytechnic State University (GA, USA) are in the process of developing and implementing an Assessment and Continuous Improvement Plan to insure the ongoing quality and effectiveness of the Civil Engineering Technology Program. Key program constituents involved in the plan's on-going development are faculty, students, alumni and employers of graduates. The plan's overall success will be critical to continued program accreditation.


One of the critical resources of the multi-channel echo canceller is the memory that stores both tapped delay lines of voice data and filter tap coefficients. A simple variable-length/run-length coding scheme for reducing coefficient memory for multi-channel echo cancellers is proposed. We also describe the corresponding memory system architecture. Simulations based on a bit-accurate Matlab model show that the proposed scheme is effective.


On offshore installations the successful detection of an uncontrolled release of flammable gas is one of the last lines of defence against fire and explosion events. A brief analysis of UK continental shelf (UKCS) offshore hydrocarbon release (OHR) statistics during 1992-2015 shows that an appreciation of performance of currently installed gas detection arrangements is of paramount importance, since almost half (48.5%) of the recorded accidental gas releases were apparently not detected by the fixed gas detection systems in place. Detection results for experimental, simulated gas leaks are compared with the offshore statistics finding that the experiments demonstrate ~97% successful detection rate, highlighting the disparity between research and real offshore experience. The experimental simulations are conducted for the traditionally recommended target gas cloud (TGC) detector arrangement at 5 m spacing. We have reasoned that such experimental work is of limited benefit if the same detector approach is not applied offshore. No research has investigated this issue or considered the impact of actual detector layouts upon the detection performance statistics. We have evaluated 27 real offshore gas detector layouts from 18 facilities and found that the TGC approach is present in less than 50% of cases and less than 50% of those achieve typical coverage targets. This is a simple yet important finding previously unaddressed in industry or in literature. In addition, a preliminary review of the statistics demonstrates little or no evidence to corroborate prevailing industry anecdote that low overall detection is due to the high number of small leaks which are not the true target of the detection system. We recommend that detector layouts be submitted by operators during hydrocarbon release reporting so that this missing link in the analysis of the performance of offshore detection can be fundamentally understood, and the issue of detection performance can finally be addressed.


Several M. praecox isolates of saprophytic origin were obtained in Belgium from horses and their surroundings. Visualization of macroconidia in dust collected in stables proved its saprophytic origin. A few strains were obtained from human cases of tinea corporis.


ous restoration projects as different discourses on its meaning to (Western) society. Projects driven by guilt, educational objectives, artistic endeavor, strict biological conservation and the need to create spectacle, all vie for pride of place in representating the true face of current environmental ethic. In particular, the history of zoos and the rhetoric associated with them, according to Professor Jeffrey Hyson (Cornell University), is one such tale of the visceral attractions (read "charismatic mega-fauna," in the darling term of the popular press) of the natural world far outstripping the good intentions, and often the sophistry, with which zoo promoters justified their facilities' existence. And the implicit question was "As it is with zoos, is it so with the rest of the world?" Any attempt to investigate definitions in terms of studies and built work runs the risk of bending back on itself. Professor Anne Spirn (University of Pennsylvania) investigated these themes rather poignantly in reviewing the academic and consulting careers ofIan McHarg, surely one of the most powerful figures in any consideration of environmental philosophy in the last half of the twentieth century. In fact, the research offered up suggests that in many ways the rhetoric and language, and even many of the methods of environmental examination, protection, and promulgation have a wincingly unconscious history of cyclical return. A certain tension, fueled by the sequence, color, and compostion of the proceedings, papers, and questions, began to gather around an unexpressed but fundamental set of questions. Will scientific advance overcome this history of rhetorical hubris? What kind of change will be initiated in culture and the arts? Will it be of the scale that is already affecting science? The direction of the symposium, firmly fixed on exposing implications for built form, focused on the idea that major change of some kind is on the way, powered by science. Such change may be helped by contemporary landscape architects, some of whom may be exposing the new scientific paradigm, creating peculiarly relational and evocative statements about the actual state of the environment, demanding that we look at them, and thus our surroundings, in a new way (Professor Elizabeth Meyer, University of Virginia). Change may garner energy from nonWestern quarters, as scholarship examines the relationship that other societies have had with their settings-Professor Taiichi Ito (University of Tsukuba,Japan) and his colleague Mieko Kawarda (Japanese International Cooperation Agency) very vividly conjured up the influence of genres of Japanese poetry on entire eras of cultural landscapes, by virtue of their very process of admiring and loving them--a different sort of rhetoric. Professor Paul Kelsch (Royal Holloway College), in a presentation cut tantalizingly short, serially examined cultural bias in four different bits of forest, one an art piece sitting in front of a museum, one a so-called reconstructed remnant in an urban setting, one a human-approximated windfall, felled for scientific purposes, one a true windfall in an apparently historically significant grove. The examination began as an analysis of their original purpose as stated by their "author" or steward, and ended as a reflection on the role of cultural bias in any defintion of nature, and on how "nature" in any case is defined in cultural terms. We should hope that the papers of this Dumbarton Oaks Symposium are far more rapidly brought into publication that has previously been the case, as the topic is of critical value to any landscape architect interested in what his or her work says about cultural and the environment. Environmentalism easily integrates thinking and activities from just about any human endeavor, but Professor Conan very carefully crafted a concise, forward direction for the two days, one intended to elicit questions from all quarters, to promote new thinking in new directions and with new connections, but not to summarize, nor to pronounce the birth of a new, grand, unified theory of environmentalism. Nonetheless, at day's end, a unification of numerous threads appeared possible and very close, lying perhaps out beyond the glen of Rock Creek that drains down behind the gardens, somewhere along the continuum between the Garden Terrace of Dumbarton Oaks, where the conferees sipped cool wines, and the wild sandbanks of the Chesapeake Bay. Roger G. Courtenay, ASLA, is a principal with EDAW Inc. in Alexandria, Virginia.


Network security assessment is decisively based on the protection security. Dispersed generation is increasing in distribution networks. This development is affecting the protection behaviour adversely. Maloperation of protection relays becomes likely. Thus methods of protection security assessment are necessary to cope with the new network conditions of distributed generation and all their impacts. This paper is presenting such a methodology using fully software assisted procedures. A systematic protection security assessment of variants of network and protection configurations is feasible with a restricted operating expense. For the evaluation and illustration of the big amount of output data, an appropriate graphical approach will be shown.


Cu at the AAA meeting: Difunctionalized allylic substrates can undergo Cu-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation (AAA) reactions with high enantioselectivities. The products have a functional group that remains for further transformation through substitution with a nucleophile (Nu) or electrophile (E) with conservation of optical purity (see scheme; TC=thiophene carboxylate).


In 1999 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention declared that obesity had emerged as a "growing epidemic" in the United States. Both prior to that pronouncement and in its wake, public health advocates have urged government action to take on this disease. However, these proposals have not been widely embraced. Implicit in some of the resistance to government involvement in our diets is the sense that diet is a personal choice; because the consequences fall essentially on each person alone, it is a matter of private concern and responsibility. But this is a misconception. A careful examination of the food market reveals that other people are unavoidably positioned within the elbow range of our fork-and-knife wielding fists. What we choose to eat affects their pocketbooks, what goods they are able to enjoy, the culture that molds their food decisions, our common physical environment, and even (if Gandhi had it right) the quality of our democracy. We have a clear stake in one another's dietary excesses, and the harm is broad enough to require ameliorative government policies. What is excessive? While public health officials have not reached a consensus on all elements of a healthy diet, the orthodox experts are consistent on many of the fundamentals. One assemblage of those recommendations is presented every five years in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, issued jointly by the United


THE large majority of our pupils in beginning Spanish are first-year students who have only vague notions as to the meaning of grammatical terms. In studying English grammar they have relied more on the sense than on the science of their mother-tongue and definitions have not meant very much in the bright lexicon of their youth. The place to begin in teaching the verb is the infinitive as it is the first form the pupil finds on opening the dictionary. But he must not be allowed to use it without instruction any more than a child should be allowed to play with a chisel until he has been carefully shown which is the handle and which the cutting edge. I have my Spanish dictionary on the desk and into it I have slipped some strips of stiff manilla paper, on one side of which I have printed in clear type the English infinitive form "to speak" "to write" etc., and below the Spanish equivalent in larger type so that it can be read by the pupils in the rear of the room. I show the class just what it is that comes out of the dictionary. I then explain how this form is "infinite" in that it has no limit as to person, number, tense, or mood, and by giving sentences in English in which they recognize that something must be added to the English infinitive if we are to make it show person, number, etc. A few sentences, or a whole lesson of Spanish sentences made up of infinitives will quickly convince the pupils that we could not get very far in conversation or in telling facts if we used only the infinitive forms. Indeed, enough time should be spent on this to make them eager to go on to the more lively personal forms of the verb. So far, it is easy for them all to follow. The difficult thing is to show that the change in form of the verb to meet the change in person, number, tense and mood must come on the end of the verb and not by using, as we do in English, some helping word. The conjugation given in the book is often confusing as the pupils do not at first understand what is meant by a "model verb," por mas que lo expliquemos. I have therefore provided a piece of


We have developed an FEM tetrahedral-mesh generation technique for re-using an existing mesh in order to generate a new mesh after a change in 3 D-CAD data during parameter survey. Up to now, all meshes for updated 3 D-CAD data have been generated manually; however, the developed technique automatically uses a volume mesh and a surface mesh extracted from the existing mesh. It does this by recognizing the difference in the 3 D-CAD data before and after it is changed. As a result, mesh generation time is not wasted; that is, after the first mesh generation, the next generation times are shortened to 1/5 of the initial time.


This paper proposes a life expectancy estimation method after thoracic surgery. It determines whether the person will live more than 1 year or not. A neural network called feed forward back-propagation neural network is used for estimation purpose. Test samples collected from diagnosis are given as input to the neural network classifier for estimation of life expectancy. Accuracy of the proposed method is 94.3% for all the tested samples. Hence the proposed method can be used efficiently for monitoring the thoracic surgery patients.


The invention discloses a rainwater collecting and recycling system for an urban green land and a plaza; the rainwater collecting and recycling system comprises the green land, roads around the green land and the plaza; the green land is of a sunken structure which is lower than the roads and the plaza; the plaza is of a dome structure which is slightly lower at four sides; and the roads are of arched structures which are higher at the middle and slightly lower at two sides; rainwater on the roads and the plaza enters a water collecting well which is connected with a covered filtering channel; the water drain end of the covered filtering channel is connected with an underground impounding reservoir; a concrete cover plate layer is arranged at the upper part of the impounding reservoir; the green land is arranged at the upper part of the concrete cover plate layer; a water pump is arranged in the underground impounding reservoir; and the water outlet of the water pump is connected with a green land irrigation spray head. The rainwater collecting and recycling system for the urban green land and the plaza relieves the pressures on sewage disposal, municipal water supplying and shortage of urban water sources, realizes rainwater recovery and gives full play to the ideas of energy conservation, emission reduction and sustainable development.


Biomimetic design is a methodology that takes inspiration from natural systems and it is a format that is becoming increasingly effective in the design of future generations of robots that will closely interact with humans. This paper describes the biomimetically inspired design, construction and testing of a robot based on the anatomy of a Gorilla. The paper will show that through the use of novel materials including new pneumatic muscle actuators, composites and highly complaint structures it is possible to produce a robot based on primates that has a capacity for quadrupedal locomotion, jump/fall shock absorption, bipedal standing/squatting and planarized bipedal walking.


Some reasons like insufficient historical data and less reliable data will seriously affect the accuracy of estimating outstanding claims reserve(OCR) in non-life insurance for Insurance Company. On basis of the relevant research experience abroad, a Generalized Linear model(GLM) with smoothing effects is presented in this paper. This model enables us to smooth the origin, development and calendar year parameters in a similar way, but still keeps GLMs structure. Moreover, the Bootstrap method is used to achieve the procedure of model' s parameter estimation as well as the full predictive distribution and other statistical characteristics of OCR. Smoothing method can effectively reduce the number of parameters in stochastic models, make the parameter estimation steadier and improve the accuracy of model' s forecasting long-tailed claims data.


This review gives an overview on the molecular diagnostic methods to detect the n-CoV disease with their limitations. The related articles are taken from different search engines like PUBMED, google scholar, MeSH Core, Cochrane, BioRxiv, Semantic scholar and so on that were published during the time period of 2000 to till date. Using the five step process of the selection such as identification of clear objectives, identification of relevant articles, selection of data extraction and charting, analysis and the report was generated. The inclusion criteria for this article is related to molecular diagnostic methods to detect n-CoV and the relevant publications are also included. Articles citing the general information of CoV's were excluded. Among many methods suggested, RT-PCR is considered as the best method to detect the covid positivity. Detection of virus by RT-PCR in clinical specimens offers the best option of diagnosis in the early stages of the disease and its application also includes genotyping and mutation detection. Limitation of the RT-PCR method is its low sensitivity during the first few days of disease with much better sensitivity in later stages of the illness. This review highlights the suitable molecular detection methods for the n-CoV disease by analyzing their sensitivity and specificity together with the advantages and its limitations.


BACKGROUND
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) with nasal devices (nCPAP) is widely used in the respiratory management of newborns. The present study aimed to compare the incidence of nasal trauma secondary to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) protected with or without hydrocolloid dressing in preterm infants.

METHODS
This prospective controlled study was performed in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the Children's Hospital of Hunan Province from March 1, 2010 to June 31, 2010. A total of 65 infants, 46 males and 19 females, were recruited in this study. Their average gestational age was 32.6 weeks (range 28-37 weeks). The infants were randomly divided into clinical trial group (group A, n=33) and control group (group B, n=32). Paraffin oil was smeared around the nostrils before inserting prongs in group B; the infants in group A were covered on the infant's nostrils surface with hydrocolloid dressing (hydrocolloid dressing, 1.8 mm thick, 90029T, 3M Company, Minnesota, USA) with a size of 2-3 cm cutting two holes adapted to the nose and nostrils. The nostrils of those infants were inspected daily during nCPAP support until they were weaned off nCPAP.

RESULTS
Nine infants (2 in group A and 7 in group B) developed nasal injury during nCPAP support. The Chi-square test revealed that there was a statistically significant difference (P=0.01) in the incidence of nasal injury between groups A and B.

CONCLUSION
The study demonstrated that hydrocolloid dressing significantly decreased the incidence and the severity of nasal injury.


The posting of physicians' financial information by the Cleveland Clinic, along with continuing revelations about prominent doctors and their apparent failures to accurately report or disclose their links to industry, has intensified interest in the online disclosure of these relationships. Dr. Robert Steinbrook reports.


The invention discloses an LED (light emitting diode) lamp capable of adjusting color temperature and brightness, and provides an LED lamp capable of remotely adjusting color temperature and brightness. The LED lamp comprises a shell, LEDs arranged in the shell, a power supply module which is connected with the LEDs and is used for driving the LEDs, and an infrared inductive head used for receiving an infrared remote control signal, wherein, the LEDs comprise cold white light LEDs and warm white light LEDs which are arranged in a staggered manner; the power supply module comprises a current and mixed color on-off control circuit and a constant-current control circuit, the input terminal of the current and mixed color on-off control circuit is connected with the output terminal of the infrared inductive head so as to output an on-off control signal according to the infrared remote control signal received by the infrared inductive head, and the input terminal of the constant-current control circuit is connected with the output terminal of the current and mixed color on-off control circuit so as to adjust the drive current of the LEDs according to the on-off control signal; and the output terminal of the constant-current control circuit is connected with the LEDs. The LED lamp provided by the invention is especially suitable for an LED sphere bulb.


ABSTRACTHigh performances and low consumptions: this is the challenge for the Team H2politO's members from Politecnico di Torino -Italy. Different technologies have enabled to design and manufacture the vehicle IDRApegasus, a hydrogen prototype, for the Shell Eco-marathon (SEM), an international competition for low consumption vehicles. The target is very sophisticated: to achieve over 3000 km with the energy equivalent of 1 L of petrol, using a 200 W electric motor to move a vehicle of 33 kg. In order to win this challenge, students have used innovations in every technical field: mechanics, aerodynamics, electronic and powertrain.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
It has been reported that host genetic factors may play a crucial role in pneumoconiosis susceptibility. The present study aimed to study the association between IL-1RA +2018 polymorphism and pneumoconiosis by Meta-analysis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Literatures addressing the association between IL-1RA gene polymorphisms and pneumoconiosis were selected from the PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CNKI and Wanfang databases. Statistical analyses were performed by Review Manager Software 5.0.24 and STATA 11.0 software.

RESULTS
5 case-control studies with a total of 609 pneumoconiosis patients and 579 controls were retrieved. Meta-analysis results showed significant association between IL-1RA +2018 polymorphism and pneumoconiosis risk. The C allele carriers have increased risk compared with the T allele carriers (OR=1.68, 95% CI: 1.25-2.27, P=0.0007). Individuals who carry TC or CC genotype have higher risk than those with TT homozygote (OR=1.79, 95% CI: 1.18, 2.71, P=0.006). In subgroup analysis by pneumoconiosis type, a significant association between IL-1RA +2018 polymorphism and pneumoconiosis risk were found in silicosis (C vs T: OR=2.12, 95% CI: 1.63-2.76, P=0.000; TC+CC vs TT: OR=1.79, 95% CI: 1.18-2.71, P=0.006) but not in coal workers' pneumoconiosis.

CONCLUSION
This Meta-analysis suggests that IL-1RA +2018 polymorphism might be risk factors for pneumoconiosis, especially in silicosis.


We investigated the modulating actions of the nonselective K+ channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) on amyloid β (Aβ1–42)-induced human microglial signaling pathways and functional processes. Whole-cell patch-clamp studies showed acute application of Aβ1–42 (5 μm) to human microglia led to rapid expression of a 4-AP-sensitive, non-inactivating outwardly rectifying K+ current (IK). Intracellular application of the nonhydrolyzable analog of GTP, GTPγS, induced an outward K+ current with similar properties to the Aβ1–42-induced IK including sensitivity to 4-AP (IC50 = 5 mm). Reverse transcriptase-PCR showed a rapid expression of a delayed rectifier Kv3.1 channel in Aβ1–42-treated microglia. Aβ1–42 peptide also caused a slow, progressive increase in levels of [Ca2+]i (intracellular calcium) that was partially blocked by 4-AP. Chronic exposure of human microglia to Aβ1–42 led to enhanced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor κB expression with factors inhibited by 4-AP. Aβ1–42 also induced the expression and production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, the chemokine IL-8, and the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2; 4-AP was effective in reducing all of these pro-inflammatory mediators. Additionally, toxicity of supernatant from Aβ1–42-treated microglia on cultured rat hippocampal neurons was reduced if 4-AP was included with peptide. In vivo, injection of Aβ1–42 into rat hippocampus induced neuronal damage and increased microglial activation. Daily administration of 1 mg/kg 4-AP was found to suppress microglial activation and exhibited neuroprotection. The overall results suggest that 4-AP modulation of an Aβ1–42-induced IK (candidate channel Kv3.1) and intracellular signaling pathways in human microglia could serve as a therapeutic strategy for neuroprotection in Alzheimer's disease pathology.


The subject innovation is a length of a total of two two on each directed to a different four rotary blades installed to generate a large rotating force even a small amount of wind and wind the magnetic pole and the armature of the generator to each other rotate in the reverse power generator, the rotating shaft end portions wings (10,12,14,16); A first power transmission mechanism for transmitting the claim 2, the rotational motion of the third wing (12, 14) to the armature 110 of the generator 100; A second power transmission mechanism for the first and the fourth transmitting the rotary motion of the wings (10,16) to the magnetic pole 120 of the generator 100; And the first and second power transmission mechanism to the rotational movement of the wings (10,12,14,16) receiving armature 110 and the magnetic pole (120) generator (100 generating electricity while rotating in the opposite direction each other via ) a.


The invention provides a power adapter comprising a charging unit and a power output terminal; the charging unit is used for receiving an external power and charging a chargeable unit via the power output terminal; the power adapter also comprises a sensing unit, a processing and controlling unit and an electrical switch unit; the electrical switch unit is used for connecting with the external power, receiving and rejecting the external power by self connection and disconnection; the sensing unit is used for sensing the voltage of the power output terminal and transmitting level disconnectionsignals to the processing and controlling unit when the voltage achieves and fulfills the threshold voltage value; the processing and controlling unit transmitting disconnection control signals to theelectrical switch unit according to the level disconnection signals; the electrical switch unit responds to the control signals from the processing and controlling unit to disconnect the electric connection with the external power so as to reject the external power. The invention further provides an energy-saving charging method.