The Rear Upright is the most important part of the rear wheels which is connected to the suspension system and rear wheel hub of a vehicle. It gives a rotating motion to the rear hub using taper bearing fitted inside it to bear radial as well as axial loads in dynamic conditions. The main aim of the Automotive Industry is to increase the overall efficiency and decrease the manufacturing cost. In this paper I have designed the Rear Wheel Upright of an All-Terrain vehicle for two different manufacturing methods using Autodesk Fusion 360 and Solid works 2019 and further done the static structural analysis using ANSYS Workbench 18.1 by constraining the upper arms of the rear upright and applying remote force on the spindle point from contact patch of the tire combining all the lateral and longitudinal forces acting on Upright. Final aim is to show that additive manufacturing is better method than subtractive type manufacturing as it increases the component performance. In this, first I designed for subtractive manufacturing i.e., CNC manufacturing using AL6061 and optimized it by designing lightweight component with needed Factor of Safety which is fabricated by additive manufacturing i.e., 3D Printing using same material. Final output is obtained by applying calculated forces and using Finite Element Analysis (FEA).


Acute kidney injury (AKI) can be a devastating diagnosis for any patient and can increase mortality during hospitalization. There can be long-term consequences for those who survive the initial insult. This article discusses AKI and its implications for nurses.


At realization of auditor check the sources of information about financial and economic activity are the basic documents of the client reflecting his financial and economic activity.


The title compound has been synthesized by the reaction of 3,3-dimethyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one oxime with 2-chlorobenzyl chloride, and then treated with 65~68% HNO3. Its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 14.5481(8), b = 9.3351(5), c = 13.1911(7) , β = 98.9450(10)°, Z = 4, V = 1769.67(17) 3, Mr = 369.81, Dc = 1.388 g/cm3, S = 1.06, μ = 0.247 mm-1, F(000) = 776, the final R = 0.0352 and wR = 0.0960 for 3069 observed reflections (I 2σ(I)). X-ray crystal structure presents the intramolecular N–H…O hydrogen bond. The packing is nearly parallel without π-π stacking interactions between two adjacent phenyl rings and stabilized by Van der Waals force. The preliminary bioassay shows that the title compound possesses fungicidal activity against Gibberella zeae at the dosage of 25 mg/L.


Feedforward shape control aiming at the disturbance of rolling force plays an important role in hot strip mills. Based on the principle of feedforward shape control, a GA-based rolling force re-distribution model for industrial rolling mills was proposed. The comparison of test data shows that the model is appropriate and practicable.


The recrystallization textures of cold drawn aluminum alloys (Al-0.11%Si, Al-0.26%Fe, Al-0.27%Fe-0.11%Si) were determined by means of the orientation distribution function (ODF). The changes in texture with annealing temperature were interpreted by examining the interrelation between recrystallization and precipitation. The drawing textures of all the samples are mainly composed of the fiber component. In the case of Al-Si, silicon exists in the solid solution at high and medium temperatures (623-723K), therefore, the component is sharpened and the recrystallization textures are composed of the strong component and the weak one. On the other hand, precipitation of silicon participates in recovery and recrystallization at low temperatures (523-573K) so that the component nearly equals to the one in intensity. Al-Fe shows the strong +weak fiber texture in the all ranges of annealing temperatures, though the component is stronger at a high temperature (723K), where precipitation occurs after recrystallization, than at low and medium temperature (573-673K), where it does before recrystallization. For Al-Fe-Si, the recrystallization textures are almost the same as those of Al-Fe except for weakening in orientation density.


Over the last century, tourism has became one of the fastest growing industries in the world and current trends and tendencies indicate that it could become the most important sector in terms of international trading in the 21st century. Most governments encourage tourism because of its ability to increase and spread economic development thus reducing the inequalities in income distribution by providing and creating employment opportunities (Pearce, 1989; Coccossis & Parpairis, 1995; Wahab & Pigram, 1997). Nevertheless, the development of tourism, which is dependent upon the attractive features of the primary resources of destinations, particularly over the last decade, has raised many questions concerning the physical and social destruction of those resources, which initially attracted tourists. Although it has led to an enormous increase in investment and employment, the tourism industry may become a threat if not managed appropriately (Calvia Declaration on Tourism, 1997).


The demographic bonus is a phenomenon that will be experienced by Indonesia between 2030 and 2045. This phenomenon can be utilized if Indonesia's human resources have quality education and technological skills. This study focuses on 1) the influence of science and technology and the mean of the school year on HDI Indonesia in 2018-2020; 2) the magnitude of the influence of science and technology and the mean of the school year on HDI Indonesia in 2018-2020. This study uses panel data regression with the FEM model. Based on the results of panel data regression, it is known that science and technology have a positive relationship but do not have a significant effect, while MYS has a positive and significant relationship. Both aspects have positive growth for HDI in the period 2018–2020.


The purpose of this study is to refine the theory of individuals' sense‐making of risk as a product of structure of meaning, and subsequently to test the theory empirically by identifying coherent groups of individuals by means of an operationalisation of each individual's structure of meaning. To this end, a two‐step cluster analysis was conducted on a random selection of the Swedish population (N = 778) aged between 16 and 75 that resulted in three groups of individuals: the 'locally rooted', the 'globally minded' and 'the cosmopolitan'. A one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was then used in a simple test of the viability of the operationalisation. The analysis shows that the three groups of individuals differ in their behavioural patterns in the face of various everyday risks. The article's principal contribution is the development of the theory of the structure of meaning's role in how individuals sense‐make risk. Furthermore, with the analysis and testing inherent in operationalisation, the study is an empirical contribution to the field. In future, the structure of meaning would bear closer study, and the operationalisation should be further refined to create a more sensitive gauge of sense‐making and its connection with the behavioural patterns associated with various risks.


This paper presents a logistic simulation study in order to evaluate technical feasibility and operative costs (demurrage hours) associated to several operating strategies of transshipments in remote sites in order to assure a certain regasification rate of LNG to the network. In particular two scenarios were evaluated (A and B) within which searching for best operating strategies and evaluation of associated costs. The suggested approach uses a hybrid system dynamics simulation that combines typical elements of Discrete-Event Simulation with the characteristics of a dynamic model.


Silicon nanowire carpets were grown from gold nanotemplates by the Vapor Liquid Solid (VLS) process. As substrates silicon wafers, laser crystallized silicon thin films on glass, or TCO on glass were used. The Au nanotemplates act, in a thermal CVD process, as a catalyst to decompose silane at about 500°C. The result is a carpet formed of perfect single crystalline nanowires several 10 to 200 nm in diameter and several μm in length.


A general method for generating multiple two-dimensi-onal frequency-hopping pilot signals with limited mutual interference, for propagation channel estimation in time and frequency with equidistant sampling, is presented. Each pilot signal uses a different generic frequency-hopping pilot pattern that is repeated in frequency domain, with repetition period equal to the desired sampling interval in frequency domain. Some interesting special cases of the general construction are considered as well. The practical applicability and usefulness of the proposed solution are demonstrated by the numerical evaluation of a set of frequency-hopping pilot patterns in a typical multi-cell scenario of the future evolved third generation cellular systems.


Marketing communication media develops as technology develops. Adaptation and adoption of digital marketing communication media is a challenge for the kelompok UMKM batik jumputan Tahunan Yogyakarta. Tthe purpose of this study is to find out how the process of adoption of digital marketing communication media in kelompok UMKM batik jumputan Tahunan, Yogyakarta. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data in this study were obtained through in-depth interviews with parties related to kelompok UMKM batik jumputan Tahunan, Yogyakarta, as well as direct or indirect observations of the digital marketing communication process carried out. The results of this study, it is known that the adoption of digital marketing communication media by kelompok UMKM batik jumputan Tahunan, Yogyakarta are still very low.Keywords: UMKM, adoption of innovation, marketing communication


Power and signal cables form an integral part of spacecraft and satellite structures which could weigh up to as high as 20% of the total structural mass. Accurate modeling of these cable-harnessed structures has received a lot of attention in the past two decades as the coupling of cable dynamics is observed to play an essential role in the vibration response of these structures. Previous studies have been primarily focused on cables attached to beamlike 1D structures. However, in practice, many of these host structures are better modeled as plate-like geometry. In the present work, we study the dynamics of cable harnessed plate structures using energy equivalence-based homogenization technique. The system consists of a rectangular plate harnessed with multiple parallel cables attached on the top surface in a periodic pattern. The cables are given a pre-tension and assumed to be under tension during vibrations. Strain and kinetic energy expressions are developed using linear displacement field and GreenLagrange strain tensor. The governing partial differential equations are obtained for an undamped cable-harnessed plate system using Hamilton's principle. The natural frequencies are found for several boundary conditions and are compared with pristine plate to show the importance of the proposed modeling technique.


The thoughts of the Modern Art and the Post Modern Art are born of the Western,which influenced all fields of art extensively and deeply today.This paper analyses the main spirit of the Modern Art and Post Modern Art,and discusses the difference of art in two periods from three aspects——the expression of its content,persistence of its works and the standard of it.


Social Security is often described as a "foundational" element of the nation's social safety net. Almost all Americans are directly affected by the program and many millions primarily depend on its benefits for supporting themselves during retirement. But the program's financial condition has worsened considerably since the last recession, which began in 2007. In that year, the Social Security trustees estimated that the program's trust fund would be exhausted by 2042. The trustees' annual report for 2011 brings the trust fund exhaustion date forward to 2038. Indeed, the programs revenues fell short of its benefit expenditures in 2010 and it appears unlikely that significant surpluses will emerge again under the program's current rules. If the program's finances continue to worsen at this rate, it won't be long before the debate on reforming the program assumes an urgency and intensity similar to that during 1982-83, when imminent insolvency forced lawmakers to implement payroll tax increases and scale back its benefits.


With a view to study onset and strength of incomplete fusion at low projectile energies (i.e., ~ 4–7 MeV/nucleon) three sets of experiments have been performed in 12C,16O+169Tm systems. In first set of experiments, spin-distributions and feeding intensity profiles for xn,αxn/2αxn-channels have been measured to figure out associated ℓ-values. The spin-distributions for direct-α-emitting channels (associated with incomplete fusion) have been found to be distinctly different than that observed for fusion-evaporation (complete fusion) channels. The mean value of driving input angular momenta associated with direct-α-emitting-channels have been found to be higher than that observed for fusion-evaporation xn/α-emitting-channels, and increases with direct-α-multiplicity in forward cone. The second set of experiments has been performed to understand influence of incomplete fusion on complete fusion at these energies. Incomplete fusion strength function has been deduced from the analysis of experimental excitation functions. The third set of experiments deals with the validation of data reduction procedure used to deduce incomplete fusion fraction, and to confirm the fusion incompleteness at slightly above barrier energies. Forward-recoil-ranges of heavy reaction products have been measured and analysed on the basis of break-up fusion model. More than one linear-momentum-transfer components associated with full- and/or partial-fusion of projectile with target nucleus have been observed. Experimental ranges of forward-recoils are found to be in good agreement with that estimated using range-energy formulation. The relative strengths of complete and incomplete fusion components deduced from the analysis of forward-recoil-ranges and excitation functions complement each other. Result presented in this paper conclusively demonstrate substantial incomplete fusion contribution at energy as low as 7% above the barrier.


This paper presents an investigation on the sensitivity enhancement of a resonant accelerometer by operating it in the nonlinear regime. The accelerometer is excited by a DC load superimposed to an AC harmonic load. The electric load is tuned such that the accelerometer is driven at primary resonance with a softening-type behavior. Upon the application of a small acceleration, the nonlinear resonance frequency of the accelerometer shifts to a smaller value. This frequency shift is used as an indication for the detected acceleration. This shift is much larger compared to the shift of the resonance frequency of the accelerometer when operating in the linear regime. The concept of the nonlinear excitation is demonstrated by simulation on a commercial capacitive accelerometer. A nonlinear single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system is used to model the accelerometer. Several results are shown for the effect of the DC and AC voltages on enhancing the sensitivity of the accelerometer.Copyright © 2008 by ASME


This undergraduate thesis sumarises the petrographic, mineral chemistry and geothermobarometric studies of metapelitic schists outcropping between Turmalina and Capelinha, Central North of the Minas Gerais state. Three samples from two distinct metamorphic zones were analysed: from the garnet zone, samples MB-06 e VRD-09, in the Salinas Formation, located on the West portion of the segment, near Monte Belo e Veredinha; and from the staurolite zone, sample CP-049, in the Capelinha Formation, farther East near to Capelinha. Mineral assemblage garnet + biotite + quartz + white mica + chlorite occurs in the three lithotypes, which show well-developed crenulation marked by quartz + sericite ± chlorite. Staurolite occurs only in the CP-049 sample. Compositional zoning of garnets is given by increasing iron and decreasing manganese from grains' core to rim, being biotite, white mica and staurolite homogeneous. Geothermobarometry analyses were conducted using three distinct and complementary approaches: the conventional method, using the garnet-biotite pair, also further associated with GASP; the THERMOCALC software; and from metamorphic modelling by pseudosections, created using the Theriak-Domino software. All results, once considered respective associated analytical errors, presented a strong correlation. For the MB-06 sample, temperatures increase from 413oC (core) to 555oC (rim), also having increased pressure from 4.1 to 7.4 kbar; VRD-09 sample shows temperature e pressure values, respectively, from 397oC and 4.8 kbar (core) to 576oC and 7.3 kbar (rim); and in the CP-049 sample, temperatures are between 429oC (core) and 592oC (rim), with respective pressures between 3.5 and 6.5 kbar. Therefore, based on this qualitative and quantitative characterisation of the metamorphism in the Turmalina-Capelinha sector, is possible to establish an increase of the metamorphic degree from West to East, from the green schist-amphibolite facies transition in the Monte Belo and Veredinha samples to the amphibolite facies in the Capelinha one.


Timber supply analysts often prescribe forest landowner behavior by assuming that owners schedule standing timber or "stumpage" sales to maximize the financial return to their investment in forest land and timber investment (USDA-Forest Service 1982; Hyde 1980; Samuelson 1976; McConnell et al. 1983; Pearse 1967). The primary alternative to this investment hypothesis is a utility maximization hypothesis (Binkley 1979) which maintains that stumpage is sold whenever the utility gained from the sales proceeds is greater than the utility gained from both having the trees for recreational, aesthetic, and other purposes and from holding the trees for future sale. Both of these maintained hypotheses presume the stumpage owner has full information about prices, costs and yields. Neither hypothesis assigns a significant role to the costs of obtaining the information needed to make the sale. Observation suggests that the sale of stumpage takes place in a market where information about quantity, quality, and value of product is costly to obtain. Quantity and quality are usually ascertained from a timber cruise which requires professional skill, training, time, and effort. Value is the result of a tallying process which requires both knowledge of how trees convert to logs and other stumpage products and information on the current prices of these products (Beuter 1971). Stumpage buyers, consulting foresters, and professional timberland managers acquire the necessary skills and knowledge to evaluate stumpage as part of their work. But nonindustrial private woodland owners seldom have the opportunity to develop comparable skills or knowledge. The resulting lack of information creates a situation in which the private nonindustrial owner must decide whether to expend time and money to gain stumpage sales information or to negotiate a stumpage sale with limited information. This paper seeks to develop a model of information acquisition and market behavior by timber owners who face revenue uncertainty. Information is chosen ex ante to maximize the expected utility of wealth, following the Sandmo (1971) approach. Acquired information "shapes" the owner's subjective probability distribution of sales revenue and also may affect the owner's assessment of the value of keeping the timber for recreational, investment, or other purposes. Optimality conditions for information acquisition are presented, and the circumstances in which the owner will find it desirable to collect information are explored. The sales decision of the optimally informed owner is then determined by a comparison between a received bid, the value of having the trees, and a critical bid derived from the optimized revenue distribution. The critical bid is defined as the value which leaves the individual indiffer-


Introduction: Maternal health service (MHS) is a set of services related to maternity health care. These health services cause a serious concern worldwide. Furthermore, MHS incorporates antenatal care, delivery care and postnatal health service. The aim of this study was to assess Mother-to-Child utilization for MHS at Juba Teaching Hospital (JTH) South Sudan. Methods: A cross-sectional research study was done among 207 women of reproductive age at the time of visits to routine immunization services for receiving free under-five immunization. The interviewers gathered data using the structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics v20. The frequency tables were for describing data and chi-square test and logistic regression were used to determine whether there was statistical association of sociodemographic factors with MHS. Results: Of 207 mothers, 188 (91%) utilized the maternal health. Nearly 20% did not give birth at health facility. Furthermore, there was a significant association of education attainment with place of delivery [OR at 95%CI = 3.06 (1.40 – 6.71), p-value = 0.005] Conclusion: Maternal healthcare services were highly utilized as compared to others in the regions. Moreover, the Level of formal education found to be associated with effective maternity care. An estimated of 20% from women reported delivered at non-health facilities. Therefore, the study recommended specific attention to non-compliance mothers through reinforcement of active health education on safe reproductive and maternal childcare.


A stands for activity-a new word for exercise. Patients are taught that daily aerobic activity will help keep their blood sugar in better control. P stands for prescription plan. This includes insulin for the persons with Type I diabetes and oral agents for those with Type II diabetes. If the patient doesn't need to be on medication. P stands for the plan that makes it all work. Helping patients to relate to the word MAP gives me the opportunity to tell patients that their disease can be controlled and that they can be in the driver's seat. Just as people need road maps to travel across unexplored country, so persons with diabetes need a MAP to help them make life-style changes. The use of the word MAP also gives me the opportunity to deemphasize Diet, Insulin, and Exercise, whose hidden message DIE has such negative connotations.


The native population of Meghalaya is comprised of three major tribes, viz. Khasi, Jaintia and Garo. People from other parts of India are confined in the capital and adjoining areas. All these tribes of Meghalaya use traditional methods of treatment based on herbal drugs. These medicines are well accepted by the local people since generation with a notable degree of efficacy in alleviating different diseases. These herbal drugs are taken either in raw form or as aqueous extracts. The present study has been carried out to document the medicines used by the tribes of this state. Altogether 46 plant species belonging to 44 genera and 34 families have been reported here. The information reported here regarding the curative values, would provide ample opportunities for further scientific investigation of these plant species.


A biological binocular stereo vision processing was modeled based on pulse-coupled neural network (PCNN). Then disparity detection can be accomplished in the spontaneous synchronization of neurons corresponding to the correct matching points. Consequently, it is clarified that binocular stereo vision is generated through proposed model. Furthermore, our model is appropriate model based on actual visual processing of biology.


ABSTRACT Satellite imagery along with image processing techniques prove to be efficient tools for bathymetry retrieval as they provide time and cost-effective alternatives to traditional methods of water depth estimation. In this article, a nonlinear machine learning technique of Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used to derive shallow water bathymetry data along Sint Maarten Island and Ameland Inlet, The Netherlands, by combining echo-sounding measurements and the reflectance of blue, green, or red bands of Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (Landsat 7 ETM+) and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) imagery with 30 m spatial resolution. In the analysis, 80% of data points of the echo-sounding measurements are used for training and the remaining 20% data points are used for testing. The model utilizes the radial basis kernel function (nonlinear) and the other training factors such as the smoothing parameter, penalty parameter C, and insensitivity zone ε are selected and tuned based on the learning (i.e. training) process. The overall errors during test phases for Sint Maarten Island (1–15 m) and Ameland Inlet (1.00–3.50 m) are 8.26% and 14.43%, respectively, reflecting that the model produces significant estimations for the shallow depths ranges, considered in this study. The results obtained are also compared statistically with those estimated from the widely used linear transform model and ratio transform model, which establish a linear relationship between the water depth and band reflectances. Based on the results, it is evident that SVM provides a comparable or better performance for shallow depth ranges and can be used effectively for deriving accurate and updated medium resolution bathymetric maps.


A aminopteridine-based aldosterone antagonist with potassium-sparing diuretic activity. Furturene is able to antagonize aldosterone at the mineralocorticoid receptor in the kidneys, thereby increasing sodium excretion while inhibiting potassium excretion.


The purpose is to discuss the mentality of player during match,as well as the Psychological endurance,by so to fully understand the psychological effect on baseball player.The author has been engaged in baseball for more than 20 years,and has a deep understanding that the baseball is a ball game combined with competetion and wisdom. During match,when the player is facing attack,he needs to handle this properly,and this needs good skill and good psychological endurance,or else,it is very easy to lose control of the situation on playground,to lose score or put the team in a disadvantage position,even affect the final success. So in this paper,use literature research to discuss 7 Chinese main baseball team members' psychological problem,and suggest the way to adjust it.


Submitted for the MAR14 Meeting of The American Physical Society Exploring the Influence of Dynamic Disorder on Excitons in Solid Pentacene1 ZHIPING WANG, SAHAR SHARIFZADEH, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, PETER DOAK, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, ZHENFEI LU, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, JEFFREY NEATON, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley — A complete understanding of the spectroscopic and charge transport properties of organic semiconductors requires knowledge of the role of thermal fluctuations and dynamic disorder. We present a first-principles theoretical study aimed at understanding the degree to which dynamic disorder at room temperature results in energy level broadening and excited-state localization within bulk crystalline pentacene. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations are well-equilibrated for 7-9 ps and tens of thousands of structural snapshots, taken at 0.5 fs intervals, provide input for many-body perturbation theory within the GW approximation and BetheSalpeter equation (BSE) approach. The GW-corrected density of states, including thousands of snapshots, indicates that thermal fluctuations significantly broaden the valence and conduction states by >0.2 eV. Additionally, we investigate the nature and energy of the lowest energy singlet and triplet excitons, computed for a set of uncorrelated and energetically preferred structures. 1This work supported by DOE; computational resources provided by NERSC. Sahar Sharifzadeh Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Date submitted: 15 Nov 2013 Electronic form version 1.4


Youth unemployment has continued to bedevil most countries in the Sub Saharan Africa and beyond. Most governments of the world are continually coming up with interventions geared towards improvement of youths' lives through funding self employment endeavours. This text is therefore based on a research conducted in Kenya to establish the impact of the Youth Enterprise development Fund on the lives of Youths in Kenya. The problem of poor economic status impacts also on how youths fund their education and that of their children. This book should therefore find its readership mostly from Government officials dealing with youths, NGOs specialsed on youth empowerment, educational officials and the youths themselves.


Grade I yellow-poplar logs were recently selling for $150/mbf, three t•mes the price for grade 2 logs in North Carolina. A computerized stand development model was used to examine the profitability of thinning and holding yellowpoplar standz for increased diameter and grade. Analyses were done over wide ranges in stand age, site quality, and stocking, at 5% and 10% discount rates. At a 5% dizcount rate, the maximum net present stumpage value was obtained by thinning in most regimes. Lower stand age, higher initial stocking, and higher site indices favored thin-clearcut regimes over egimes with no initial thinning. At a 10% discount rate, thinning was optimal only at •nitial age 30 on the highest quality sites at the highest initial stockings. All other combinations of variables favored clearcutting •mmediately or with a 1 O-year delay. Thinning options with net values within 50% of maximum were numerous at a 5% discount rate in younger stands but decreased rap•dly as initial age increased. Only a few such options were available at the 10% dizcount rate. South. J. Appl. For. 14(3):101-103. Yellow-poplar (Li iodendron tulipifera L.) is an important eastern hardwood that regenerates readily from seeds and sprouts, grows rapidly, and responds well to intermediate thinnings. Increasing demand for yellow-poplar in • Funding for this study was provided by the Southeastern Forest Experiment Stauon, USDA Forest Service, Clemson, SC. We gratefully acknowledge the support and guidance of Doug Phillips (deceased) on this study in his role as project leader at that time. North Carolina Agricultural Research Service Journal Series Paper No. 10554. highly valued wood products such as face veneer has increased prices for higher grade logs. An economic consequence of this relative price increase may be to increase the attractiveness of thinning and holding growing stock to allow it to reach larger diameters.


Objective:To optimize the preparation and formulation of itraconazole liposome. Methods: Orthogonal design was adopted to screen the preparation and formulation of itraconazole liposome on the basis of the comprehensive score of the entrapment efficiency of reconstitution, leaking percentage and particle size of the reconstituted liposome. Results: The ideal combination of preparation and formulation is itraconazole-lipid composition(1∶30);cholesterol∶ lecithin =1∶5.5; sodium deoxyeholate∶tipid composition =1∶7; weight percentage of mannitol and lactose within the formulation is 60%, using phosphate buffer (pH=6.0) as hydrating medium,and preparing by drug-lipid film-ultrasound freeze-drying technique.Conclusion: The entrapment efficiency and particle size of the optimized iraconazole liposome .


Oil slick detection, identification, and even quantization are of great interest in the context of oil spill countermeasures. As a first approximation, it can be assumed that at radar wavelengths, as the oil film thickness is much inferior to the wavelength, the electromagnetic wave cannot "see" the thickness H [1]; consequently, it could be concluded that the radar response is not significantly sensitive to H. By contrast, at infrared (IR) wavelengths, as the wavelength λ is in the same order as the oil film thickness H, the electromagnetic response sensitivity with respect to H can be hoped for.


1849 Constitution - The 1887 "Knutsford" Constitution - The 1887 "Knutsford" Constitution - The "Amery-Milner" Constitution - The 1939 "MacDonald" Constitution - The 1947 "MacMichael" Constitution - The 1961 "Blood" Constitution - The 1974 Republic Constitution


RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FETAL SEX AND THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF MICRORNAS IN HEALTHY PREGNANCIES Objective: Differences in microRNA (miRNA) expression in maternal blood and placenta can help us further understand maternal and fetal biology and physiology. Fetal sex differences in miRNA expression are a result of both hormonal and genetic differences between the sexes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the expression levels of miRNA-21-3p, miRNA-155-5p, miRNA-518b and miR-16-5p and fetal sex. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Istanbul Medeniyet University, Goztepe Research and Training Hospital. Twenty-one healthy pregnant women, who were having their pregnancy care through outpatient setting between November 2017 and March 2018, were included in the study. Maternal peripheral blood samples were obtained from the same healthy pregnant females at 29 weeks of gestation (Group 1) and at 37 weeks of gestation (Group 2). The maternal blood leucocyte levels of miRNAs ( miRNA-21-3p, miRNA-155-5p, miRNA-518b and miR-16-5p were analyzed using SYBR-Green real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The expression levels of miRNAs between groups and fetal sexes were analyzed statistically. Results: There were no significant differences in clinical and laboratory characteristics between fetal sex in Group 1 and Group 2 (p> 0,05). There was a significant increase in the expression levels of miR-16-5p (p=0,01) in pregnant women with female offspring, compared to the pregnant with male offspring at 29 weeks of gestation. There were significant increases in the expression levels of miR-21-3p (p=0,02), miR-155-5p (p=0,08), miR-518b (p=0,02) in pregnant women with male offspring, compared to the pregnant with female offspring at 37 weeks of gestation . Conclusion: For the first time, in this study were shown to have differential expression levels of maternal blood leukocyte miRNAs between the fetal sexes at the beginning and end of the third trimester.


The application of the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA) to extremely premature newborn infants has long been a source of concern to pediatricians and neonatologists. Preston v. Meriter Hospital is the first case to directly address the special status of newborns. In Preston, the Wisconsin Court of Appeals effectively narrowed the application of EMTALA to newborn infants, holding that EMTALA categorically does not apply to any infant born to an inpatient mother.But the operative facts in Preston predate the Born Alive Infant Protection Act (BAIPA). In light of BAIPA's alteration of key statutory terms, it is prudent to comply with EMTALA obligations for all newborn infants anywhere in the hospital unless or until a good faith decision is made to admit the infant after its birth.


And the information recording medium 100 is for defining a button menu which allows a series of operations on the content information, the content information that is displayed during playback, including an image portion which can be a background image button information (301), a content the reproduction sequence of the information, is recorded in the play list information 120 specified by the access unit of item, upon playback with those constituting the content information, a display switching button information, between each of which can be a button, menu configurations, and cross- and a plurality of button pages (301p) possible.


The paper attempts to explore the nuances and the influence of socio cultural environment on feminine writing. The paper refers to the select literary works unearthing feminine consciousness. The paper also vividly expounds the theory of Masculine and feminine language in Indian and English literature. Women writers are placed in the peripheral position and the feminist critics like Helen Cixous attempts to deconstruct the male centric discourse by motivating women writers to write more of them. Women no more engage in subservient role and the present scenario witness a considerable rise in their status at the professional level. While perusing the history of women literature the theories on feminist writings are discussed. The language flow in women writings is gauged to affirm the power of women in the realm of language and literature amidst social and cultural pressure. Feminine language reflecting the socio cultural situation and the feminist theories that emerged to propel and motivate feminine writings are explored in the paper. Changes are ineluctable that affects the society and the writings of women mirror the culture of the contemporary society. The mind set and language behavior of the people are interrelated that have a major impact on the society. Hence the paper registers the perceptions of male critics on women literature.


The Green Revolution was India's first industrial agricultural revolution that replaced the traditional farming system completely. But the adverse consequences of Green Revolution in the form of stagnation in production aggravated the problems of the farmers in the era of post-Green Revolution in 1980s and 1990s. The late 1990s witnessed an emergency of debt-driven suicides and rapid indebtedness that had taken hold of the countryside across the nation. Being the epicentre, the Green Revolution in Punjab did not sustain for a long time, as it started losing its charm and was followed by a series of 'crises', especially in its economy and environment. The farmers in Punjab are facing a severe problem with stagnation in production due to vast cereal-based mono cropping (mainly wheat-rice cycle) instead of multiple cropping, abandoning other crops like pulses, mustard, vegetables, and so on. Besides the practice of monoculture, the application of expensive chemicals (like fertilisers, pesticides, weedicides, and so on), over-mechanisation, labour and irrigation eventually increased the input cost of cultivation manifolds. Due to this high input costs of cultivation, farmers resorted to various formal (like banks, cooperatives, and so on) and informal (like local moneylenders or arhtiyas, who are commission agents in the grain markets) credit institutions for borrowing money. But due to repeated stagnation, the net output and subsequent profit margin reduced drastically. As a result, farmers could not repay the loan and eventually got entrapped into the vicious cycle of debt. On the other hand, after the liberalised economic policy of the government, the farmers received marginal importance and they could not cope up with the free and open market system. As a result, the incidence of indebtedness increased at an alarming rate. To get rid of indebtedness, many farmers across the state committed suicide. On the basis of empirical data, the present article will show the real picture of the contemporary agrarian situation in India's most-developed state, Punjab.


The ''high‐frequency'' secondary instability of nonlinearity developed and strongly modified Goertler vortices is numerically studied by considering two kinds of secondary instability modes, i.e., sinuous modes and varicose modes. A spectral collocation method with Chebyshev polynomials is used for calculations. It is found that secondary instabilities are more correlated with the vertical vorticity and the sinuous type disturbance would prevail over the varicose one for the same frequency and streamwise wave number found in experiments.


Embodiments of the present invention provides a method for selecting an antenna for data transmission in a wireless communication network including a user equipment (UE). Network is assigned a band of frequencies, band-according sounding reference signal (SRS) bandwidth configuration in the form of a code tree is divided into at least one set of sub-band of the band. Code tree has a plurality of levels, each level is associated with a division factor. UE may use a subset of the set of antennas on the set of subbands, configured to transmit a frequency-hopped SRS. First, the method based on the SRS bandwidth configuration, the number of subbands in the set of subbands to determine whether or even an odd number, or said number is or even number is odd according, to select a particular subset of antennas. Then transmits the SRS from a particular subset of the antennas.


The invention relates to a circuit arrangement for fast switching in particular of inductive loads, with a load (11) by means of a process executed when N-channel MOS power transistor and connected as a high-side switch the switching transistor (41) to a supply voltage source (31) connectable , wherein the gate electrode of the switching transistor (41) through controllable switching means with a voltage of the supply voltage source (31) exceeding potential can be acted upon, wherein the switching means comprise at least a first switching means transistor (52), the collector current in the oN state at least partially the gate electrode of the switching transistor (41) can flow. The invention is characterized in that the first switching means transistor (52) is connected as a current source. Another special feature of the invention is that the switched as a current source, first switching transistor means (52) is part of a current mirror circuit.


Context. The elliptical galaxy NGC 3923 is surrounded by numerous stellar shells that are concentric arcs centered on the Galactic core. They are very likely a result of a minor merger and they consist of stars in nearly radial orbits. For a given potential, the shell radii at a given time after the merger can be calculated and compared to observations. The MOdified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) is a theory that aims to solve the missing mass problem by modifying the laws of classical dynamics in the limit of small accelerations. Hernquist & Quinn (1987b, ApJ, 312, 1) claimed that the shell distribution of NGC 3923 contradicted MOND, but Milgrom (1988, ApJ, 332, 86) found several substantial insu ciencies in their work. Aims. We test whether the observed shell distribution in NGC 3923 is consistent with MOND using the current observational knowledge of the shell number and positions and of the host galaxy surface brightness profile, which supersede the data available in the 1980s when the last (and negative) tests of MOND viability were performed on NGC 3923. Methods. Using the 3.6 m bandpass image of NGC 3923 from the Spitzer space telescope we construct the mass profile of the galaxy. The evolution of shell radii in MOND is then computed using analytical formulae. We use 27 currently observed shells and allow for their multi-generation formation, unlike the Hernquist & Quinn one-generation model that used the 18 shells known at the time. Results. Our model reproduces the observed shell radii with a maximum deviation of 5% for 25 out of 27 known shells while keeping a reasonable formation scenario. A multi-generation nature of the shell system, resulting from successive passages of the surviving core of the tidally disrupted dwarf galaxy, is one of key ingredients of our scenario supported by the extreme shell radial range. The 25 reproduced shells are interpreted as belonging to three generations.


The micro-element abundance of condensates from Central Asia was investigated. Thirty-two samples along with oils from the same regions were analyzed by the neutron activation method. Some were determined chemically. The condensates were found to contain the same micro-elements as the oils but in markedly less concentration. The presence of these micro-elements indicates the role of natural gas in their dispersion. See Tables 1 and 2.


Inductive learning makes a hypothesis of the general input-output rules that might underlie training examples and forecasts outputs for hitherto-unseen inputs. Decision trees and neural networks are widely used for inductive inference. This paper proposes a novel approach that applies logic minimization for inductive inference. Training examples are transformed to incompletely specified Boolean functions and then the functions are simplified. Logic minimization on the two-level sum of products Boolean function is effective for learning shallow functions. For learning deep functions, such as exclusive-or functions, multilevel logic optimization techniques such as functional decomposition are effective.


Europe is an important energy consumer and is permanently searching to overcome the challenges that arise while addressing its energy needs. The fast growing demand and competition for energy resources (especially from emerging countries such as India or China), the never-ending conflicts that are taking place in the energy producing areas (e.g. the Arab spring or the Israel-Gaza fights), the fragmented internal market of the European Union aiming for liberalisation, the heavy reliance (more than 30 percent of the gas imports) on the Russian gas and a greater significance given to reducing carbon emissions are only a few of the challenges that are on the European list of priorities that have to be resolved for a better future. As a result, providing affordable energy, improving energy efficiency and reducing emissions are key topics of the European agenda and clever moves on the great world chessboard that are worthy to be considered and analysed. Therefore, this research paper aims to simulate various scenarios on different approaches that Europe might employ in terms of energy and related to the evolution of natural gas prices from a game theory perspective, studying various strategic interactions and their potential outcome for Europe's future. The methodology used in this paper to have a game theory approach on the evolution of European Union's imports of fuels is based on a literature review and the study of important reports from this field. Non-cooperative and cooperative scenarios are built in the "Game theory approach" section of this research paper and are meant to describe various situations that could arise in the future and how could Europe respond to them. The "Conclusions" restate the need of the European Union to lower their imports from Russia and the solutions for choosing better alternatives to the Russian natural gas.


The study focused on the impact of capital structure on the profitability of Nigerian listed Deposit Money Banks 1st January, 2007 and who has not be delisted as at 31st December, 2015. The effect of leverage, equity to total assets and short term debt ratio on profitability was also established. The study employed longitudinal panel data analysis by Ordinary Least Square Regression Model comprising fixed effects and random effects models. The Hausman's Chi-square statistics for testing whether the Fixed Effects model estimator is an appropriate alternative to the Random Effects model were also computed; therefore fixed effect model is selected for the analysis of the data as p valve is less than 0.05. The leverage was found to have a significant negative impact on the firm's performance measure (ROE). It was also established that short term debt ratio was found to have a significant positive impact on the firm's performance measure (ROE). The study further reveals that equity to total assets ratio was found to have a significant positive impact on the firm's performance measure (ROE). It is therefore recommended that Nigerian Deposit Money Banksboard of directors should try to reduce their leverages and increase their short term to total assets and equity to total assets so as to increase ROE.


The realization of modernization in a city means that its overall economy level reaches that of moderately developed countries, with an average per-capita GDP between 4000~10 000 U. S. dollars. In the year 2000, Zhongshan city had an average per-capita GDP of 22 900 RMB yuan (about 2 860 U. S. dollars), a relatively comfortable standard of living. Zhongshan city is expected to be among the first cities to realize modernization in the main, with its average per-capita GDP growing by 15% dur-ing the period of the Tenth Five-Year Plan and reaching 44600 RMB yuan (about 5700 U.S. dollars) by the year 2005. The major strategic tasks during the course include ideological modernization, infor-mationizing of economy, invigorating of the city through science and education, revitalizing of the city through industrialization, city administration according to law, building of the export-oriented econo-my, rural-urban integration, and fine processing of the industrial and agricultural products.


In this paper, urban river distribution patterns in the Town of Luzhi were mapped based on the topographic data obtained at three different times between 1979 and 2009. The spatial-temporal distribution pattern of the town river network and its impacts on the environment are then analyzed by using GIS and three indexes. The main results were as follows: the number of stream in Luzhi town decreased from 421 to 187 and the water area of the river channel was reduced from 13.72 to 4.61 km 2 during periods; The number of channels decreasing and the length of them getting shorter at spatial scales, especially in the north of the town. Urban river system diminishment is transferred from the industrial area to the surrounding agricultural region. The relationship between three indexes (Wp, Rd, Rf) and urban area expansion were analyzed, The main driving-force of urban river stream change is urban development, which includes construction of buildings and roads, land consolidation.


Increased dietary NaCl is associated with higher blood pressure (BP), but dietary potassium supplementation can reduce BP and reduce 'salt sensitivity' of BP, improving cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. Rodents fed a high K+ diet often exhibit reduced activity of the sodium‐chloride cotransporter NCC, promoting natiuresis, which is a proposed major mechanism for mediating the effects of K+ on BP. However, the role of the accompanying anion during K+ supplementation is a matter of debate, especially considering that low plasma chloride levels are associated with better CV outcomes. Recently, the effect of extreme K+ diets on rodent BP seemed inconsistent with patterns of BP modulation seen in humans. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish how BP is altered during chronic alteration of dietary potassium intake alongside alternative anions and/or NaCl supplementation.


Abstract There is broad consensus among European policy-makers that ecological networks are indispensable for safeguarding Europe's biodiversity and that spatial planning plays a vital role in establishing them. Ecological networks can be incorporated into spatial planning through substantive or procedural integration. This article explores the substantive interfaces between spatial planning and ecological networks in Germany—a country that is rooted in a tradition of comprehensive integrated spatial planning and has a highly codified and formalized planning system. Furthermore, the contribution discusses barriers to the integration of spatial planning and ecological networks in Germany and offers recommendations on how to improve current practice.


To the Editor The radical scavenging potential of melatonin is well documented [1]. Consequentially, exogenous administration of melatonin has proven useful in different models of stress in vivo, such as in sepsis [2], after ischemia/reperfusion [3, 4], and in a variety of toxic challenges [5, 6]. Some of these beneficial effects of melatonin are mediated via receptor dependent processes [7]. To identify the relevance of melatonin receptors, the receptor antagonist luzindole was introduced. This substance displays an affinity to all melatonin receptor (MT) subtypes, MT1, MT2, and MT3 (quinone reductase 2) [8]. Despite the extensive use of luzindole, many pharmacological aspects of this substance remain unknown. Possible dose-dependent variations in the response to luzidole have been reported [9], partial agonist behavior was suggested in human leukemia cells [10], and only limited data are available with respect to precise agonist–antagonist relationships [11]. The failure of luzindole to antagonize melatonin s effect on hepatocellular redox state in a recent study on hemorrhagic shock [12] prompted the question on possible antioxidant properties of luzindole itself. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the radical scavenging properties of melatonin receptor antagonist luzindole in vitro. Radical scavenging was evaluated using a spectrophotometrical scavenger competition assay based on the formation of 2,2¢-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation [13]. All measurements were carried out at room temperature and performed in triplicates. Total antioxidant capacity was determined for luzindole, melatonin, ascorbic acid, and vehicle dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). ABTS was diluted in water to a concentration of 7.0 mm and incubated with potassium persulfate (2.45 mm final concentration) for 12 hr at room temperature, protected from light, for formation of ABTS radical cation (ABTS). ABTS was diluted with 5 mm phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.2, to an absorbance value of 0.7 at 734 nm in a spectrophotometer (Ultrospect2000; Pharmacia Biotech, Piscataway, NJ, USA). Luzindole, melatonin, and ascorbic acid were freshly dissolved and added to ABTS (final concentrations: 5.0 lm, 10.0 lm, and 50.0 lm for each substance). Total antioxidant capacity is expressed as the percentage of inhibition of the absorbance of ABTS at room temperature at 734 nm as a function of time. A strong inhibition of ABTS radical was achieved for melatonin, luzindole, and ascorbic acid within 30 min, using the concentration of 5.0 lm (Fig. 1A) and 10.0 lm (Fig. 1B). No significant inhibition of ABTSwas detected for DMSO. At a concentration of 50 lm, melatonin, luzindole, and ascorbic acid reached an inhibition of ABTS >90%within seconds, while DMSO did not affect the absorption of ABTS for 30 min (data not shown). These data demonstrate that luzindole is a potent antioxidant itself, exhibiting an inhibition of ABTS radical of almost 80% at a concentration of 10 lm after 30 min in vitro. The ABTS assay was previously shown to be a reliable method to estimate the antioxidant capacity of a variety of substances, including food products and indoles [13, 14]. The results obtained for melatonin and ascorbic


It is useful to define the culture before discussing the term. According to the definition made by Turkish Language Institution Culture, the culture is described as the sum of all the material and spiritual values created in the process of social development and the tools that are used to create and hand these values down to next generations and show the extent of the man's authority and control over their natural and social environment [1].


We report an intrinsic form of the inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) in ferromagnetic (FM) metal with Rashba spin orbit coupling (RSOC), which is driven by a normal charge current. Unlike the conventional form, the ISHE can be induced without the need for spin current injection from an external source. Our theoretical results show that Hall voltage is generated when the FM moment is perpendicular to the ferromagnetic layer. The polarity of the Hall voltage is reversed upon switching the FM moment to the opposite direction, thus promising a useful reading mechanism for memory or logic applications.


[Objective]To select a reasonable protocol to assess the effect of one health food,a compound of calcium and active ingredients,on strengthening bone density of experimental animals.[Methods] With reference to"the method for testing the function of increasing bone density"of the 2003 Technical Standards for Testing and Assessing of Health Food,the bone density test plan 2 combined with the calcium absorption experiment was adopted to assess one health food.According to the recommended dose of the tested compounds,three groups with low,medium and high doses of 0.17,0.33,1.00 g/kg were set up separately.At the same time,the adult female SD rats were divided into sham operation control group,ovariectomy(OVX)model group,estradiol positive control group(1.0 mg/kg of estradiol)and calcium carbonate group,adult female SD rats after ovariectom in the bone density test.In the calcium absorption experiment,the weaning SD rats were divided into a control group and a calcium carbonate group.[Results] The result of bone density test showed the increase of weight in ovariectomized rats administered at a dose of 1.00 g/kg was significantly lower than that in the model control group(P0.05);Body mineral density of the midpoint and the distal femur,and the calcium content of the femur in 1.00 g/kg dose group were significantly higher than that in the model control group(P0.05).Calcium absorption test showed that the body weight,body length,and the apparent absorption of calcium in 1.00 g/kg dose group were significantly higher than the low-calcium control group(P0.05).However,there were no significant differences in the body weight,body length,and the apparent absorption of calcium between 1.00 g/kg dose group and calcium carbonate group of same calcium content(P0.05).[Conclusion] The bone density test combined with calcium absorption experiment showed that this health food could not only increase the bone density in ovariectomized rats,but also supplement the calcium intakes.The study demonstrated that the combined protocol is a more comprehensive approach to assessing these health food with specified function.


Toona Sinensis Roem leaf was extracted by supercritical CO2,and the yield of the extract was 0.5%. Thirty three components of Toona Sinensis Roem leaf extract were identified by GC-MS. The extract was added into cigarettes to assess its usability. The result showed the extract of Toona Sinensis Roem leaf can improve the aroma quality of cigarette,increase fine degree of smoke,decrease irritation.


The Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment (LASE) is a highly engineered and autonomous Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) system developed at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) to measure high-resolution water vapor and aerosol profiles in the troposphere. LASE is being developed as a precursor to the deployment of a spaceborne DIAL system for global measurement of high-resolution water vapor profiles. The LASE system uses a tunable Ti:sapphire laser that is frequency locked to pre-selected water vapor lines in the 815-nm region. LASE is undergoing a series of engineering test flights onboard a high-altitude ER-2 aircraft to evaluate its initial performance before deployment on field programs. During the first engineering test flight conducted near NASA Ames Research Center in May 1994, LASE was operated in the backscattered lidar mode and obtained high-quality aerosol profiles in the 0-20 km altitude region. During a subsequent engineering flight series conducted near NASA Wallops Flight facility in September 1994, water vapor and aerosol profiles were obtained simultaneously under a variety of cloud and background conditions. This paper discusses the results of the water vapor and aerosol measurements made during these flights. These measurements will be used to evaluate the performance of the instrument and for comparison with predicted values of atmospheric signals and water vapor profiles derived from in situ measurements from radiosondes launched in the vicinity of LASE measurements. These results will be used to refine the LASE system for a final engineering test series planned for early 1995. Plans for the validation of the LASE instrument with other in situ and remote sensors and the anticipated field program participation are also discussed.<<ETX>>


Objective To summarize the experience of repairing damaged dura mater by use of pedicled temporalis fascial flap. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 56 cases with damaged dura mater going through such a repair with pedicled temporalis fascial flap. Results Of the 56 cases, 40 get well recovered, 8 moderately disabled, 4 severely disabled, 1 in vegetative state and 3 in death. There happened no complications such as cerebral herniation, subcutaneous fluid accumulation, cerebral-spinal fluid leak, wound infection and the temporalis muscle ptosis. Conclusion The pedicled temporalis fascial flap is ideal material for repairing impaired dura mater with the advantages of cutting conveniently, operating simply and at less cost.


In the teaching and learning process very often occurs learning that is not fun for students and not effective for teachers. This is caused by various factors such as a narrow room, students do not pay attention, minimal facilities and the unavailability of learning media that can make the learning process enjoyable. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of the content and quality of the feasibility of the presentation in the e-book and provide recommendations for improvement of the e-book before it was implemented in other schools. This research uses a formative-summative evaluation model. In this evaluation, a formative evaluation phase is carried out, namely the field test and also a summative evaluation that measures Acceptance and Worth which produces recommendations. The results showed the e-book learning media in the field of science studies is still very feasible to use. The quality of the appropriateness of the contents in the e-book is evidenced by the results of the review of science teachers with 81% or classified as "very good". The quality of the feasibility of the presentation resulted in 82% or classified as "very good". This is supported also supported by the assessment of student interest in e-books involving 32 students with 77% results or classified as "very good". Keywords : Learning Media Evaluation, Formative Sumative Evaluation Model, Natural Sciences. Abstrak Dalam proses belajar mengajar sangat sering terjadi pembelajaran yang tidak menyenangkan bagi siswa dan tidak efektif bagi pengajar. Hal ini disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor seperti: ruangan yang sempit, siswa tidak memperhatikan, fasilitas yang minim dan tidak tersedianya media pembelajaran yang mampu membuat proses belajar menyenangkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas kelayakan isi dan kualitas kelayakan penyajian pada e-book serta memberikan rekomendasi perbaikan e-book sebelum di implementasikan pada sekolah lain. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian evaluasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis model evaluasi formatif-sumatif. Pada evaluasi ini dilakukan satu tahap evaluasi formatif yaitu uji lapangan dan juga evaluasi sumatif yang mengukur Acceptance dan Worth yang menghasilkan rekomendasi-rekomendasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan media pembelajaran e-book pada bidang studi IPA ini masih sangat layak digunakan. Kualitas kelayakan isi pada e-book dibuktikan dengan hasil review guru IPA dengan hasil 81% atau tergolong "sangat baik". Kualitas kelayakan penyajian menghasilkan 82% atau tergolong "sangat baik". Hal ini didukung juga didukung dengan penilaian ketertarikan siswa pada e-book yang melibatkan 32 siswa dengan hasil 77% atau tergolong "sangat baik". Kata Kunci : Evaluasi Media Pembelajaran, Model Evaluasi Formatif Sumatif, IPA


Numerous GWAS studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have identified over 70 AD risk variants using SNP‐based genotyping or sequencing data. Recently, a new whole‐genome tiling (WGT) representation of whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) data has been proposed to enable an innovative definition of an individual's genome; this WGT representation can support supervised and unsupervised machine learning. In this study, we perform a new AD GWAS study on the WGT representation of the ADNI WGS data.


We consider the problem of characterizing states of a multipartite quantum system from restricted, quasi-local information, with emphasis on uniquely determined pure states. By leveraging tools from dissipative quantum control theory, we show how the search for states consistent with an assigned list of reduced density matrices may be restricted to a proper subspace, which is determined solely by their supports. The existence of a quasi-local observable which attains its unique minimum over such a subspace further provides a sufficient criterion for a pure state to be uniquely determined by its reduced states. While the condition that a pure state is uniquely determined is necessary for it to arise as a non-degenerate ground state of a quasi-local Hamiltonian, we prove the opposite implication to be false in general, by exhibiting an explicit analytic counterexample. We show how the problem of determining whether a quasi-local parent Hamiltonian admitting a given pure state as its unique ground state is dual, in the sense of semidefinite programming, to the one of determining whether such a state is uniquely determined by the quasi-local information. Failure of this dual program to attain its optimal value is what prevents these two classes of states to coincide.


In this paper, a six cavity-based metal-insulator-metal plasmonic sensor is proposed. The designed sensor can detect six primary colors in the visible wavelength. Moreover, the proposed sensor can also sense the change in the refractive index. An initial sensitivity of 648.41 nm/RIU and figure of merit of (FOM) 141.29 are found based on the transmittance profile extracted through the two-dimensional (2D) finite element method (FEM). The structural parameters are optimized to maximize the performance of the modeled device both as a color filter and a refractive index sensor. The optimized FOM, FOM* and sensitivity are recorded as 218.80, 4.771 × 10⁴, and 865.31 nm/RIU, respectively. Due to high FOM and FOM*, this sensor is expected to be utilized as a color filter in various sectors, such as medical, industrial, and forensic, where the light of a particular wavelength is mandatory.


Approximately 5%-10% of patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) will fail to complete standard radiotherapy (SRT). We sought to determine the impact on survival and to identify risk factors for failure to complete SRT.

 A cohort of 17,451 adults with GBM were identified from the National Cancer Database. The cohort was restricted to patients diagnosed between 2005 to 2012 that were started on conventionally fractionated RT of 1.8 to 2.0 Gy per fraction to a dose of < 66Gy and. Patients were stratified by RT dose achieved: (a.) completed RT > 58Gy, (b.) nearly completed RT > 50Gy - < 58Gy, and (c.) did not complete RT < 50Gy.

 Radiotherapy completion rates correlated with survival, 87% of patients completed RT and had a median OS of 13.5 months, 4% were near completers (median OS 5.7 months), and 9% did not complete RT (median OS 1.9 months). Risk factors for not completing SRT were: older age, biopsy alone, government insurance, high comorbidity score and lower income zip code (all OR > 1 and p-values < 0.05). Twenty-eight percent of patients > 80 yrs did not complete SRT (OR 2.99, 95% CI 2.36–3.80, relative to 40–49 yrs) and 19% of 70-79-yrs did not complete SRT (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.63–2.42).

 Failure to complete SRT was associated with decreased survival in our cohort. Risk factors for failure to complete SRT, include older age, biopsy alone and substantial comorbidities. Other studies have shown SRT is discontinued primarily due to clinical deterioration and/or disease progression. Therefore, these patients should be considered for alternative therapeutic management such as hypofractionated radiotherapy.


In this paper, anomaly detection that is configured as a combination of state observer and Mahalanobis-Taguchi (MT) method is proposed for real time fault detection of rapid and dynamic phenomena such as rocket engine operation. Real time anomaly detecting is recognized as one of the most important elements to realize advanced reusable space transportation system. Conventionally, bottom-up type anomaly detecting logic based on failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) is usually used for this purpose, however, it requires large amount of time and labor. The proposed method can improve this process. In the present method, error values between calculated ones through rocket engine simulator constructed on autoregressive moving average model and extended Kalman filter (EKF) and measured ones are standardized with existing normal operation data of the rocket engine so as to compute Mahalanobis' distance, which expresses degree of anomaly. We performed engine hot firing tests in simulated anomaly conditions. The obtained data was processed with the present method, and the simulated anomaly in the tests was detected as expected.


Nowadays, Surgeons, nurses, radiologists, pharmaceutical specialists, and other health professionals are increasingly relying on artificial intelligence. Dengue fever is the most frequent of the vector-borne viral illnesses. Dengue fever is the leading cause of death in people because the symptoms appear in advanced stages, making it difficult to identify and contributing to a high fatality. As a result, early detection of Dengue is essential for the diagnostic process and improves the chances of effective treatment. This paper proposes a Particle Swarm Optimization aided Support Vector Machine based Diagnostic System for early Dengue prediction. The major goal of this article is to assess the effectiveness of the PSO and SVM for mining the Dengue dataset. The goal of this research is to increase the machine-learning algorithm accuracy. The suggested approach was further validated using a variety of standard Dengue classification data sets. Based on the numerous standard quality of service criteria, a comparison is made between the proposed and current approaches. The results of the experiments show that the suggested approach is more efficient.


The behavior of electric fish shows that it has powerful electrical perception. This paper studies the detection mode and dynamic signal tracking of the electric fish by constructing the dipole model of how the electric fish creates electric signal and how the dipole model of the electric fish receives the electric signal. Through the establishment of the electric organ discharge model in the software COMSOL, the basic characteristics of the perturbation of the electric field caused by the existence of the object are studied, and the result is consistent with the "electronic image" theory. We analyze the general relationship between electronic images and object features, and predict object features through neural networks. Finally, the sensor model is established and simulated in COMSOL, the current data of the dipoles when the sensor moves around the object is calculated via the finite element method, and the untracked Kalman filter is used to realize the detection of the sphere by the sensor. The results show that the detection of underwater objects can be realized by using the electric field.


It is shown that the equation for Green's function of fermions (neutrinos) with weak interactions (in matter) coincides with the equation for Green's function of fermions in vacuum. This result is a consequence of the fact that the right components of fermions do not participate in weak interactions. As a result we come to a conclusion: the mechanism of resonance enhancement of neutrino oscillations in matter (i.e. MSW effect) cannot exist.


ABSTRACT This article sheds important new light on the early trajectory of contemporary Indonesia–People's Republic of China (PRC) ties. Drawing on an extensive range of hitherto unexplored archives, it unpacks the processes and policies that prompted the newly independent Indonesian state in the spring of 1950 to recognise and establish direct relations with the PRC, thereby supplanting the former link between the Dutch colonial government and the Chinese Nationalist regime at Taiwan. It is argued that, contrary to prevailing understandings and Cold War logic, the Netherlands played a pivotal role in pushing Indonesia–PRC ties forward, while both Jakarta and Beijing temporised. In setting out this claim, the article contributes to the existing literature in two ways. First, it offers a significant corrective to established and recent scholarship on the foreign policy of early post-revolutionary Indonesia. Second, it provides fresh insights into the effects of the Cold War on Western imperialism in Asia and into the contested historical legacies that inform contemporary relations within the region to this day.


In order to test the security of oilcan,the electronic total station is used to get datum and to make MATLAB program to analyze and determine the ellipticity,ruggedness and the maximum obliquity from datum so as to provide the scientific estimation for the security of oilcan.


Objective Anemia and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) are amongst major clinical and public health challenges in South Asia that influence the progression of chronic health problems in this population. Despite a growing body of research on these problems, there is a lack synthesized evidence on the burden of anemia among people with DM in this region. This meta-analytic review was conducted to estimate the prevalence of anemia among people with DM in South Asia. Methods A systematic search of the literature was conducted in five primary databases and additional sources up to July 29, 2022, that reported the prevalence of anemia among DM patients in any of the eight South Asian countries. Observational studies that met pre-determined eligibility criteria according to the protocol registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022348433) were included in this meta-analysis. Random effect models were used to estimate pooled prevalence. Results Of the 40 eligible studies, 38 underwent meta-analysis representing 14,194 participants with DM. The pooled prevalence of anemia was 45% (95% CI: 37.0–54.0, I2 = 99.28%, p = 0.00) among diabetic people in South Asia. In sub-group analysis, the pooled prevalence of anemia was higher in females (48%, 95% CI: 37.0–60.0, I2 = 98.86%, p = 0.00) compared to males (39%, 95% CI: 29.0–48.0, I2 = 98.18%, p = 0.00). Diabetic patients with older age (≥ 50 years) reported higher pooled estimates of anemia (48%, 95% CI: 38.0–58.0, I2 = 99.07%) than younger age group (< 50 years) (34%, 95% CI: 21.0–47.0, I2 = 98.83%). In addition, we found variation in pooled prevalence estimates of anemia considering the type of DM, such as type 1 reported 2% (95% CI: 0.00–4.00), type-2 reported 48% (95% CI: 40.0–56.0, I2 = 98.94%), and Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) reported 6% (95% CI: 3.00–12.0). Conclusion High pooled estimates of anemia among diabetic patients in South Asia, including publication bias, warrants further clinical and public health research following standard research methods to understand the more context-specific epidemiological insights and evidence.


Radiology: Volume 287: Number 1—April 2018 n radiology.rsna.org 137 1 From the Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 737 N Michigan Ave, 16th Floor, Chicago, IL, 60611 (X.W.). The complete list of author affiliations is listed at the end of the article. Received April 19, 2017; revision requested June 14; revision received July 31; accepted September 1; final version accepted September 25. Address correspondence to Zhuoli Zang (e-mail: email@example.com).


Usually studied in the seismic range, co-seismic electric fields associated to electrokinetic phenomena are interpreted in light of the low frequency transfer functions proposed by Garambois and Dietrich (2001). Nevertheless, the convenience of this assumption in the sonic and ultrasonic range is poorly discussed, despite promising applications for the characterization of transport and fluid properties in borehole measurements. As shown by Pride and Haartsen (1996), the complete dynamic transfer function from grain acceleration ü(ω) to electric field E(ω) for fast P waves is given by:


The present study analyzes the development of historical thinking among undergraduate students engaged in the cause and effect instruction model, and majoring in social studies at an open-admission university in Bangkok, Thailand. The study participants included 30 undergraduate students enrolled in the course entitled "Current Events for Social Studies Teachers". The research instruments included: Four lesson plans built on the cause and effect instruction model which lasted for 16 hours; and a historical thinking assessment form. Repeated measures ANOVA was employed to analyze the data. The study results reveal that both overall and for each criterion (i.e. historical significance; continuity and change; cause and consequence; and progress and decline) of historical thinking ability progressively improved at the four measurement periods, at a statistical significance level of .05.


Previous authors suggested that the electrodermal orienting response to stimulus onset (OR) reflects cognitive processes related to the content of a stimulus while responses to stimulus offset (TOR) reflect processes related to stimulus duration. Experiment 1 tested the hypothesis that the OR and TOR are special cases of Ss responding to whatever part of the stimulus contains information necessary to make the requested judgment. The results clearly supported this alternative hypothesis. The Ss responded to stimulus onset when asked to judge the pitch (content) of a constant tone and to stimulus offset when asked to judge the terminal pitch of a varying tone. They responded to both the onset and offset of a stimulus when asked to compare the onset and offset pitch and when asked to judge stimulus duration. Experiment 2 partially replicated Experiment 1 in an attempt to assess the OR-TOR phenomenon in a second sensory modality (vision) and with a second dependent measure. The patterns of both electrodermal and heart rate responses were similar to those of Experiment 1 and to those observed by other authors.


Carbon capture and storage (CCS) facilities coupled to coal-fired power plants provide a climate change mitigation strategy that potentially permits the continued use of coal whilst reducing the carbon dioxide emissions. However, the still-high cost of CCS is one of the major obstacles, especially for developing countries. In this paper, we will assess techno-economic aspect of various carbon capture and storage technology in coal-fired power plants, including pre-combustion capture, post-combustion capture, oxy-combustion capture, as well as carbon storage. For various coal-fired power plants, integrated gasification combined cycle with pre-combustion capture has the highest potential to capture carbon dioxide with the lowest energy penalties and capital & operational costs, post-combustion capture can be retrofitted at relatively low cost to existing pulverized coal power plants and allows the combustion process to be kept relatively unchanged, and oxy-combustion capture is relatively immature at present. Although CCS has been accepted as clean development mechanism (CDM) project activities under the Kyoto Protocol, current carbon trading mechanism is inadequate to strongly promote investments on CCS facilities coupled to coal-fired power plants.


Background and Objective: The strong demand for medical imaging applications leads to the popularity of the CT reconstruction problem. Researchers proposed multiple constraints to tackle none ideal factors in CT reconstruction such as sparse-view, limited-angle, and low-dose conditions. Most of these constraints such as total variation and its variants are local constraints focusing on the relationship between a pixel and its neighbors. In this paper, we propose a new constraint utilizing the global prior of CT images to greatly reduce the streak artifacts and further improve the reconstruction accuracy. Methods: A CT image of the human body contains a limited number of different types of tissues, so pixels in CT images can be separated into several groups according to their corresponding types. In our work, we focus on the correct composition classification for individual pixels and utilize it as a global prior, which differs from priors utilized by most current constraints. We propose segmenting pixels based on their gray levels during the reconstruction process, and forcing pixels in the same group to have similar gray levels. Results: Our experiments on the Shepp-Logan phantom and two real CT images from different benchmarks show that the proposed constraint can help the conventional local constraints further improve the reconstruction results under sparse-view, limited-angle, and low-dose conditions. Conclusions: Different from most current constraints focusing on the local prior, our proposed constraint only utilizes the global prior of CT images. In that case, our proposed constraint can collaborate with most local constraints and improve the reconstruction quality significantly. Further- more, the proposed constraint also has the potential for further improvement, as the composition classification can be done with some more delicate methods, such as neural network related semantic segmentation algorithms.


Face pose-based robot control plays an important role in natural human-robot interaction. In this paper, we propose a robust face pose estimation method based on manifold learning to control the wheeled robot. We represent each pose of a person's face as a connected low-dimensional appearance manifolds which are approximated by affine plane. Pose recognition task is to find sub-pose by computing the minimal distance from the given face image to sub-pose manifold. Based on the pose recognition result, the robot is controlled. Initial experiments are promising.


In this essay, the Neo-Heraclides Model offers new paradigms in Astronomy, Gravity & Global Warming/Climate Change. In Astronomy, a Geocentric Model with Heliocentric features is offered. In Gravity, both the Hidden Attractant Force (Isaac Newton)& Geometric Gravity(Albert Einstein) is dismissed & replaced. In Global Warming, a cyclical climate change & its causal agency is offered. Also, the mystery that surrounds the photosynthesis reaction is solved.


Alcoholic beverages contaminated with scopolamine (SCP) are often employed for criminal purposes due to their sedative effect. The determination of the residual levels of SCP in body fluids (e.g., urine) can help to track possible victims of induced ingestions. Biological sample analysis usually requires a preconcentration step to enhance their detectability and to provide sample clean-up. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) in lieu of conventional solid sorbents represent an enhancement of selectivity, due to their specific recognition sites. Additionally, the adaptation of the solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge into a disposable pipette tip extraction (DPX) contributes to the miniaturization of the sample preparation step. Herein, an analytical method for the determination of SCP in synthetic urine samples via the integration of molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) with DPX as a preconcentration step prior to capillary electrophoresis analysis (also known as MISPE-DPX-CE) is presented. The extraction and elution steps were optimized using a factorial design. Using the optimized conditions, a preconcentration factor of 20 was obtained, leading to a working range of 0.5–6 µM with LOD of 0.04 µM and repeatability of 6.4% (n = 7) and adequate recovery values (84 and 101%) The proposed MISPE-DPX-CE approach was successfully applied to selective extraction, preconcentration, and determination of SCP in synthetic urine samples.


Summary form only given. For microsecond pulsed electron beam facilities with explosive emission cathodes a new semiconductor-based generator has been develop. This novel design concept comprises a unipolar Marx configuration, which is designed for a rectangular voltage of 120 kV and a maximum current of 150 A at a pulse length of up to 50 microsecond. A fast rise of the voltage within less than 100 ns is required to foster an instantaneous plasma generation at the cathode. Hence, fast switching is necessary. The paper describes aspects of the design of the semiconductor-based pulse generator. The charging path of the circuit comprises diodes in the ground-side branch and IGBTs in the high-voltage side branch. This connection also results in a parallel configuration of the capacitors during charging. For pulse generation the capacitors are switched in series such, that the polarity of the pulse is inverted with respect to the charging voltage. With such circuit a rectangular pulse can be generated, if the switches are capable of breaking the current and the stage capacitors are chosen large enough that the voltage droops due to discharge is negligible. Keeping the voltage constant should prevent cathode plasma from bridging the acceleration gap.


AdpA is the central transcriptional factor in the A-factor regulatory cascade of Streptomyces griseus and activates hundreds of genes required for both secondary metabolism and morphological differentiation, leading to onset of streptomycin biosynthesis as well as aerial mycelium formation and sporulation. It has been shown that AdpA binds to over 500 operator regions with the loosely conserved consensus sequence, 5'-TGGCSNGWWY-3' (S: G or C; W: A or T; Y: T or C; and N: any nucleotide). However, it is still obscure how AdpA can control hundreds of genes. To reveal the molecular basis of the low nucleotide sequence specificity, we have determined the crystal structure of the complex of DNA-binding domain of AdpA and a 14-mer duplex DNA with two-nucleotide overhangs at 5'-ends at 2.95-Å resolution. The crystal structure and electrophoretic mobility-shift assays showed that only two arginine residues, Arg262 and Arg266, are involved in the sequence recognition and determine the nucleotide specificity/preference of continuous five base-pairs of positions 1–5 in the consensus sequence. These results partially explain how AdpA directly controls hundreds of genes.


Lithocarpus Bl. (1826) is here considered to include the following genera: Synaedrys Lindl. (1836), Cyclobalanus (Endl.) Oersted (1867, p.p.),and Pasania (Miq.) Oersted (1867, p.p.).In Malesia 104 species are recognized, of which 25 are new to science and 7 are new combinations.Apart from these there are 10 more species which are considered as doubtful,as from the specimens so far examined it is difficult to decide their correct status. Pasania littoralis (Bl.) Oersted (basionym: Quercus littoralis Bl.)is excluded from the genus, and the species has been reidentified by Dr. A.J.G.H.Kostermans (Bogor) as Atuna scabra (Hassk.)Kosterm.In Malesia most species of Lithocarpus may be distinguished from those of Castanopsis by the ridged inner surface of their bark, uniseriate and multiseriate wood-rays,spiral arrangement of leaves and bud-scales,and by their cupule which always encloses one fruit only, and which are solitary or in dichasial clusters along the rachis, possessing interseminal cupule segments and a scattered pattern of vascularization.


In this study, two lined bioretention systems were designed and installed in Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences. Totally 15 natural rainfall events were sampled for analysis from July 2015 to April 2017. Compared with the inflow samples, the outflow samples contained a lower concentration of pollutants and especially NH3–N. In the spring of 2017, the average removal rate of total nitrogen (TN), NH3–N, NO3–N, total phosphorus (TP), and PO4–P for two systems were 70.33%– 85.71%, 88.89%–96.15%, 21.13%–66.67%, 28.57%–66.67%, and 33.33%–66.67%, respectively, besides, the effluent met the class-III criteria specified in the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002). In the summer of 2017, the content of NO3–N in the effluent nitrogen from two systems was the highest (61%–85%), while that of NH3–N was the lowest (5%–13%). However, the composition of effluent nitrogen was different in autumn, the effluent nitrogen had the lowest content of NH3–N (5%–26%) but the highest content of total organic nitrogen (TON) (58%–69%). The annual pollution load of nitrogen and phosphorus was decreased by 61.33%–94.62%. As shown by the correlation analysis, TN, and PO4–P both demonstrated a significantly negative correlation with temperature, while NH3–N was positively correlated with NH3–N concentration in the roof runoff (NH3–NR). The concentration of TP from the system I or PO4–P from system II was positively correlated with the interval dry days (IDD) and TP or PO4–P concentration in the roof runoff, respectively.


This article investigates the moral quality, cultural quality, psychological quality and educational quality of the vocational and technical teacher's college students, and analyzes the result of the investigation.


significant with more meaningful connextion between scientists and technologists. The Government has to undertake the role of an entrepreneur and make the needed investments at the early stages for a demonstration of the process. In later stages, the process is accelerated and becpmes selfgenerating; indiscriminate foreign collaboration only impedes thls Process besides effecting unnecessary drain on the foreign exchange and Unfavourably competing with indigenous research. The specialized studies on the Drug Industry and the Iron and Steel Industry underline the need for more purposeful R&D effort in both these strategic areas. In regard to drugs, there is need for greater development of herbal remedies and for greater R&D on tropical diseases. In the case of iron and steel, it has been included that technical know-how is available in the country but is not utilized. It would have been pf interest if the study had gone in greater depth into the reasons for this state of affairs which Seems common to all utilization of indigenous research. Interesting as the essays are in their general treatment, one must confess that much of the data used in them admittedly is now dated. ThS is Indeed a pity since the statistics which relate upto 1968 (in most Cases) need to be updated: even more so, in the portion of the book deahng wlth science policy. The book makes no mention of the National Committee on Science and Technology (NCST) and the formulation by it of a !hence and Technology Plan. These are indeed significant developments on the lines of what Mr. Rahman had suggested; and it would have been lnterestlng to read what he thinks of them. Many of his caustic comments on other aspects of Indian science, however, are still valid, but the re?d.er has unfortunately no means of separating them from the rest. While thls 1s always a hazard in a collection of essays written over a period, the utility of the book would have been further enhanced if the author had taken the trouble to bring the data and facts up to date, which would also have eliminated the considerable overlapping of material that now occurs in its pages.


This thesis explores multiscale approaches to describe structural and chemical defects in metals. Particular emphasis is placed on investigating processes involving grain boundaries (GBs) in combination with impurity and vacancy defects. The defects and their interactions are calculated to very high accuracy using density functional theory (DFT) and connected to the macroscopic behavior within the two multiscale formalisms presented here. We begin with a sequential approach to address chemical embrittlement of nickel by sulfur impurities. Effects at both a Σ5 (012) symmetric tilt GB and in the bulk are studied by considering competing mechanisms for ductile and brittle behavior. For the bulk, this takes the form of Rice's theory, where the ratio of the surface and unstable stacking energy is used as a measure of ductility. This is generalized to the GB by considering GB sliding (GBS) and intergranular decohesion. Clear evidence that chemical embrittlement of nickel by sulfur is a GB driven effect is found. Next, the concurrent multiscale approach is described. A small region, containing


Understanding the spatially and temporally variant phenological responses and cycles can greatly assist the administrative planning, policy making and management in grazing, planting, and ecosystem conservation. The linkages of analysis as a basis for management have received increasing attention in the context of climate change. This research focuses on analyzing phenological responses of vegetation as constrained and moderated by environmental factors, such as landscape and season, in the geographically diverse Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB). Due to the geographic diversity of phenological forcing in the UCRB, several homogeneous phenological subregions (phenoregions) are delineated, and the phenological responses of vegetation are analyzed on a per phenoregion basis. A multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) approach is adopted to model and interpret the regionally and seasonally specific relationships between environmental drivers (temperature, precipitation and solar radiant energy) and vegetation abundance, indicated by a Vegetation Index (VI). Short-term predictions of vegetation abundance are made using the models. Taking into consideration the scale of the study area and the time-step of the models, 1 km 7-day interval eMODIS data and the 1 km NASA AMES Ecocast data are used to articulate the dependent and independent variables. The series of models are integrated into a prototype phenological Decision Support System (DSS) to provide predicted vegetation abundance over the growing season and the trends of climatic variables leading to potential grazing management strategies. The implementation of the DSS is a unique attempt to integrate phenological theory and GIS technology, the combination of which makes this DSS analytically-based, intuitive and more user-friendly.


The invention relates to the field of semiconductor photoelectrons, in particular to an infrared focal plane array detector which comprises an encapsulation casing, an infrared optical window and a buffering ring. The encapsulation casing, the infrared optical window and the buffering ring form a closed vacuum cavity. The buffering ring is positioned between the encapsulation casing and the infrared optical window. An electrical activation getter and an infrared focal plane detector chip are arranged in the vacuum cavity. The encapsulation casing comprises a bottom surface, wherein the infrared focal plane detector chip is arranged on the bottom surface. A welding plate is arranged on the side of the bottom surface, a metal pin is arranged outside the bottom surface, the welding plate is electrically communicated with the metal pin, and the electrical activation getter is electrically communicated with the metal pin. A metal welding plate is arranged on the infrared focal plane detector chip and connected with the welding plate through a metal wire. The encapsulation structure of the infrared focal plane array detector is simplified, the size of the infrared focal plane array detector is reduced, and the encapsulation cost of the infrared focal plane array detector is reduced.


Pseudotranslations, which give the illusion of a text originally written in a foreign language, have been an object of study for the last thirty years. Using recent works published on this topic, the present article examines the elements of fiction involved in such a literary device, and in particular the ambiguity of the status of the original text. Once a pseudotranslation is known as such, the original, seen previously as absent, becomes virtual, and its so-called translation is revealed as the source; but a source that should keep the traces of a fictive transfer from one language and culture to another. Pseudotranslations hence turn fiction into a mirror of all forms of virtuality, and reduce the orginal to a fragile tautology. This rich paradox is also found  in works of fiction where the authors and translators fight to gain exclusive ownership of the original and to relegate the competitor and the competing text to the virtual realm.


The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has resulted in widespread morbidity and mortality globally, but with widely variable outcomes. The development of severe disease and mortality is higher in older individuals, males and those with other co-morbidities, and may vary across ethnic groups. However, so far, no host genetic factor has been clearly associated with susceptibility and development of severe disease. To understand the impact of host genetics on expression of ACE2 (SARS-CoV-2 receptor) during RNA virus infection we performed a GWAS for ACE2 expression in HCV-infected liver tissue from 195 individuals. We discovered that polymorphisms in the host IFNL region which control expression of IFNL3 and IFNL4 modulate ACE2 expression. ACE2 expression was regulated additionally by age, with a subsidiary effect of co-morbidity. The IFNL locus controlled expression of a gene network incorporating many well-known interferon-stimulated genes which anti-correlated with ACE2 transcript levels. The same anti-correlation was found in the gastrointestinal tract, a site of SARS-CoV-2 replication where inflammation driven interferon-stimulated genes are negatively correlated with ACE2 expression. The interferon dependent regulation of ACE2 was identified in a murine model of SARS-CoV-1 suggesting conserved regulation of ACE2 across species. Polymorphisms in the IFNL region, as well as age, may impact not only on classical antiviral responses but also on ACE2 with potential consequences for clinical outcomes in distinct ethnic groups and with implications for therapeutic interventions.