1 Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville-TN, USA e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com MTSAC Full Member of the Argentine Society of Cardiology Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Renal cell carcinoma propagation into the inferior vena cava is rare, occurring in less than 10% of cases, with 10–25% of these patients presenting an extension above the hepatic vein up to the right atrium or even into the right ventricle. (1, 2) Figure 1 A-D and Figure 2 belong to a 58-year old woman with a left renal cell carcinoma invading the renal vein and the inferior vena cava with extension to the right atrium. The tumor was removed using cardiopulmonary bypass by a team of urologists and cardiovascular surgeons working in collaboration. The acquisition of images plays a key role to determine the exact extension of the tumor in order to plan the surgical strategy that may involve cardiovascular surgeons. Computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging are considered the most useful tools to detect tumor extension, the degree of vena cava occlusion and to exclude abnormalities of the renal vein or an eventual extension to the infrarenal vena cava. The possibility of heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermia might even require the need of a preoperative coronary angiography. (3, 4) Surgery included a median sternotomy and incision in the right atrium. The tumor extended up to the level of the tricuspid valve plane and into the right ventricle. The patient had a favorable early postoperative outcome: she was extubated within 24 hours and was transferred to the internal medicine ward 48 hours after surgery.


Correlation of faith and knowledge is possible and needed and it means progressive creativity of all creative subjects in pedagogical work and education. Each single way is a destructive fact, which excludes individuals from the process of creating. This is why it is necessary to nourish culture of dialogue and culture of competition all the time in the most positive context, and this contributes to creative success apart from all the differences which we show and which we meet. Pedagogical work and education are at the same time the right and obligation of each personality and all social communities. In the places where there is a good correlation between faith and knowledge, creative success of and individual and community is likely to be realised, whereas in the places where there is disharmony and a conflict between knowledge and knowledge, there are unavoidably two dangerous kinds of one-sidednesses called religious fantaism and scientific atheism. Since, our area has experienced the tragedy of each of them, with danger of a new one-sidedness nowadays, our opinion is that this piece should provoke all good intentioned creators to ponder upon and solve the correlation between faith and knowledge. Without depending on someone's orientation, which cannot be posed violently, we want to stress responsibility of each creator (particularly in the process of pedagogical and educational work of children and the young), which provokes good intentions. In this way, all differences get appropriate measure, become creative facts in creative coexistence of responsible and good intentioned creators.


After an absence of three years, the Nigerian Government returned to Africa Downunder this year, intent on persuading investors that the oil-rich country also had the ability to host major mining ventures.


: This article presents a descriptive account of administration at the Supreme Court of Canada. Since 1975, the Court has gained considerable control over its docket, attained administrative independence from the federal Department of Justice and seen its role transformed following the enactment of the Charter of Rights. This new context has brought a host of challenges, requiring procedural reforms and adaptation to technological developments to ensure institutional efficiency. The institution's role under the Charter has also enhanced its public prominence, placing normative pressure on the Court to enact measures to increase transparency, particularly with regards to its relationship with the media. Drawing on interviews with former justices and Court staff members, as well as secondary material, this article examines these changes and their implications.

Sommaire : Cet article decrit l'administration de la Cour Supreme du Canada. Depuis 1975, la Cour a considerablement augmente le controle de son registre, a acquis une independance administrative par rapport au ministere federal de la Justice et a vu son role se transformer suite a l'adoption de la Charte des droits et libertes. Ce nouveau contexte a apporte plethore de defis, exigeant a la fois des reformes procedurales et une adaptation aux changements technologiques afin d'assurer son efficacite institutionnelle. L'adoption de la Charte a aussi augmente le profil de la Cour aupres de la population, en exercant une pression normative et en l'obligeant a adopter des mesures supplementaires pour accroitre sa transparence, en particulier en ce qui concerne son rapport avec les medias. En s'appuyant sur des entrevues avec d'anciens juges et membres du personnel de la Cour et d'autres documents, cet article examine ces changements et leurs implications.


Having successfully completed a feasibility study, John Bell planned, designed and installed the hardware in Salisbury Arts Centre to test whether the system can work reliably and effectively in the field.


1 On the Way to a Knowledge Society -- 2 Knowledge in Organisations -- 3 Organisational Forms to Leverage Knowledge -- 4 Knowledge is Human -- 5 Strategies for Managing Knowledge -- 6 Context Specific Knowledge Management Strategies -- 7 How Can Information and Communication Technology Support Knowledge Work -- 8 Measuring and Safeguarding Knowledge -- 9 How to Put Knowledge Management into Practice.


FIELD: method and devices for production of reformed gases. SUBSTANCE: natural gas and oxygen are burnt in burner at first stage for production of carbon dioxide and water. Combustion products are fed to elongated mixing tube for second stage. Mixing tube is open into reformed gas loop for furnace. Mixture of second flow of gaseous hydrocarbon and oxygen is introduced into second stage through injector for reaction with combustion products from first stage for production of reformed hydrogen carbon dioxide which escape from mixing tube and enter reformed gas loop. Gas and oxygen used for reforming are introduced into second stage and are mixed with combustion products for interaction with carbon dioxide and water at obtaining carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Proposed method and device are suitable as supplement for iron direct reduction unit where iron is reduced to iron in shaft furnace. Proposed method and device may be also used for production of heated enriched natural gas to be used as carbon source in shaft furnace for carburizing of iron. Besides that, said method may be used for control of temperature of reformed gases delivered to shaft furnace. EFFECT: increased productivity of plant. 29 cl, 6 dwg, 1 tbl


Published in association with the Japanese Association for South Asian Studies. For the past 100 years, papers, books and periodicals in the field of Indological studies in Japan have increased enormously year by year in number and diversity of subject and methodology. However, these achievements by Japanese scholars have overwhelmingly been published in Japanese and, therefore, they have hardly been accessible to most Indian, European and American scholars. This tendency remains true even today. The present work in two volumes was planned for the purpose of rectifying the present situation even in some small measure. It consists of articles written by comparatively younger Japanese scholars who are at present actively engaged in the various fields of Indological studies and, in addition, selected bibliographies of Indological publications in Japan for the past 10 years from 1987 to 1997. The first volume contains 20 articles divided into two groups, I: Epic and Purana and II: Hindu Philospophical Traditions and may give readers a glimpse into the present tendency of Epic, Puranic, and philosophical studies in Japan.


In mobile platforms, RF interference issues caused by the switched-mode power supply (SMPS) ringing noise often arise in the on-the-go mode and the charging mode of the interface power management integrated circuits. In this paper, we introduce the modeling method for the SMPS ringing noise in the conventional two-level dc–dc converters and then, based on the modeling insight from the two-level dc–dc converter, we investigate and validate the modeling of the SMPS ringing noise in the three-level buck converters, which are newly adopted SMPSs for fast charging in mobile devices. To reduce such noise, we propose the novel SMPS noise-managing methodologies that handle the printed-circuit-board-level design optimization in mobile devices.


In the recent decade, the field of management information systems has made great progress in helping firms integrate their data and information resources. The next step is to integrate the knowledge resources of the firm which will require the development of powerful knowledge-based systems.
Recently, a type of knowledge-based system called an example-based system has attracted much interest. The literature suggests that examples would be especially beneficial in theoretically weak domains. Taking commodities trading as a representative theoretically weak domain, this research examined the effects of example-based knowledge representation upon decision correctness and confidence in commodities trading.
The methodology included two laboratory experiments using a repeated measures and a mixed model design. The experiments employed a 2 x 2 full factorial design. The independent variables were knowledge representation type (examples, rules) and prediction problem ambiguity (high,low). The two dependent variables were decision correctness and decision confidence.
The experiment simulated a computer-based trading support scenario. In the treatment phase of the experiment, the subjects were exposed to knowledge in the form of examples and rules about how to make commodities price predictions. The experimental task was a set of commodities price prediction problems. Decision correctness and decision confidence, measured by the prediction problems, were used to compare the effectiveness of knowledge representation using example and rules.


This article is devoted to the analysis of the certain contextual transformations of phraseological units. On the example of German journalistic texts the most popular types of modifications are described and analyzed. In the center of our attention is the semantic component and the processes which make this or that transformation possible. Also we consider stylistic functions of the usage of a certain transformation. The other important stage of our analysis is the attempt to explain the frequent usage of transformed phraseological units in journalistic texts. It is found out that such transformations have a leading role in the formation of the structure of the text, serve to produce certain stylistic effects and influence the reader on the emotional level.


Abstract-as the performance of the Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks and Wireless Communication Networks becomes important. The need for better and protected techniques to secure the transmission of information across these networks gathers importance. Among a few number of techniques suggested and implemented so far perhaps one method which has been overlooked is the weighting technique which could be applied to any digital coding techniques used by the wireless networks. In this research application of what is termed as "Weighted Pulse Code Modulation (WPCM)" is considered together with its pros and cons. Implementation of a prototype system and results obtained are analyzed. Simulation results have shown that application of this method could be an effective path in delivering higher and efficient throughput when backbone path of such networks becomes severely constrained.


The emerging Gigabit-per-second high-speed switching technologies and the rapid growth of the Internet enable IP_based networks to support a variety of services in particular for requests with specific QoS constraints, e.g., distributed multimedia communication applications. These requirements for services might contain a number of QoS constraints possibly including delay, delay jitter, loss ratio, bandwidth and so on, which raise new challenges for the next-generation high-speed networks. Among them, one of the key issues is QoS routing, whose basic function is to find feasible paths under a single or multiple QoS constraints. It is becoming one of the key components to build up a QoS_based network, and one of the most active areas in the Internet Community. Many recent work focus on this area by presenting a number of unicast or multicast QoS routing algorithms. However, there still lack the overall and thorough considerations, even judgements on this area. In this report, we attempt to present a thorough consideration on QoS routing as well as QoS control in the Internet. We first give the background information on QoS routing in the Internet. Then, we investigate issues


Geographic weighted regression (GWR) is one of the regression methods for spatial data. GWR with the response variable following the poisson distribution can use the geographic weighted poisson regression (GWPR). GWPR often does not complete the assumption of dispersion. The classic approach commonly used to overcome overdispersion is related to poisson distribution, which is the approach obtained from poisson and gamma distribution which is similar to negative binomial distribution function. GWR for the response variable following the negative binomial distribution can use the geographical weighted negative binomial regression (GWNBR). The data used in this study are simulation data and real data. The results of the simulation data are the tolerance limits that are still precisely modeled with GWPR are overdispersion approaching 1 based on significant amount and average p-value.. The results of research from real data, the GWNBR is the best model for overdispersion cases in malnourished children in East Java Province in 2017 compared to the GWPR based on comparison of the values of AIC.


This paper reports on the integration and packaging of embedded radial micro-channels for 3D chip cooling. A thermal demonstration vehicle (TDV) has been designed, fabricated and assembled. Radial micro-channels based on deep Si etching was integrated with a manifold chip to form a 2-layer chip stack, which has been assembled using a ceramic substrate and a Cu manifold. A test vehicle with an effective critical heat flux of 340 W/cm2 and uniform cooling has been successfully demonstrated using a dielectric coolant (R1234ze).


The Local Road Research Board has developed a workshop on "Maintaining a Safer Roadway" that provides education to maintenance staff on how they can make our roads safer. Local Agency maintenance forces are in the best position to be the "eyes and ears" for Local Agencies when it comes to identifying situations, that when addressed, could greatly improve safety for the traveling public. This workshop addresses safety topics such as: Obstructions in Roadway, Shoulder Drop-Off, Signs and Pavement Markings, Work Zone Safety, Vegetation Control, Roadside Hazards - Clear Zone, Drainage, and Winter Maintenance. Contact the MN LTAP center for more information on when this workshop will be offered in the future. http://www.mnltap.umn.edu/.


Ortner and Whitehead's treatment ofgender constructs as elements of 'prestige structures" is used to interpret the gender system that prevailed among the Gheg tribes ofNorth Albania in the early decades ofthis century. It is argued that Albanian gender ideas were informed by the tension separating values of autonomy and entanglement, and that these values assumed particular meaning within a "'prestige structure" ofhonor and thefeud. Honor is depicted as a semantic field in which incommensurable social processes are given a common, intelligible expression. It is suggested that the organization ofprestige provides an analytical nexus in which to discern the relation between meaningful socialforms and those which local models do not consciously take into account. [Albania, honor, gender, feuding, practice theory]


In explosive nucleosynthesis, among other reactions, prominent position posses the electron capture by nucleons and nuclei. This process plays important role in the core-collapse of massive stars by modifying the quantity Ye. From a nuclear theory point of view, this process may be studied by using the same nuclear methods (e.g. the quasi-particle random phase approximation, QRPA, employed in the present work) with the one-body charge changing nuclear processes (β-decay modes, charged-current electron-neutrino absorption by nuclei, etc). In this work we concentrate on a detailed study of the orbital e-capture by medium-heavy nuclei (Fe region) which play fundamental role in the evolution of massive stars and in the so called explosive neutrino nucleosynthesis. We study extensively the cross sections and rates of e-capture process by "iron group peaked nuclei", isotopes that are important for investigating the neutrino nucleosynthesis and other related phenomena.


The axisymmetric formulation of the governing equations for geomechanics in the framework of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is presented in this study. Two forms of SPH discretization for the motion equations, which are labeled as form I and form II, are proposed, and the methods to compute the hoop stress and strain terms including hoop strain rate and the acceleration introduced by the hoop stress are compared. To avoid possible singularity problem near the axis of symmetry, a perfectly smooth contact along with ghost particles are applied to prevent the real particles from overly approaching the axis of symmetry to remove this potential singularity. In addition, the Mohr–Coulomb constitutive model is implemented into the SPH formulation in describing soil behavior. Four numerical tests are carried out to validate and compare the accuracy and stability of the proposed algorithms, and their results are compared with analytical solutions and results from FEM analysis. The performance in these comparisons suggests that SPH II with hoop terms computed through direct hoop method is more stable than the others, and the adoption of contact for the symmetric axis is efficient in eliminating the singularity problem. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The proper workings of an organism rely on the accurate expression of genes throughout its lifetime. An important determinant for protein production is the availability of template mRNA molecules, the net effect of which is governed by their rates of synthesis vs. their rates of degradation. Normal mRNAs are proposed to be relatively stable in the cytoplasm while present in a protective, circularized conformation – the closed loop – through eIF4G-bridged interactions with 3'-bound poly(A) binding protein (Pab1p) and 5'-bound eIF4E. Introduction of a premature nonsense codon into an otherwise normal mRNA results in its rapid destabilization in cells, suggesting that not all stop codons behave the same, and events at premature termination events that lead to accelerated degradation of nonsense-containing mRNAs likely differ from those at normal termination, in which normal decay rates are maintained. The enhanced degradation observed for nonsense-containing mRNAs occurs through an evolutionarily conserved pathway involving the products of the UPF1, UPF2/NMD2, and UPF3 genes, the precise biochemical roles of which have remained elusive. We have developed a yeast cell-free translation system that allows us to assay biochemical events occurring at premature termination codons, compare them to those occurring at normal terminators, and study the role of Upf1p in these events. We find that premature termination is an inefficient process compared to normal termination and that one outcome of termination at a premature termination codon (PTC) is reinitiation at a nearby start codon. This in vitro post-termination reinitiation phenotype is dependent on the presence of Upf1p, a finding we have recapitulated in vivo. We also developed


In this paper, we have extended the "data in the cloud" approach to the "knowledge in the cloud" paradigm. The knowledge cloud model represents an ideal solution for on-demand KaaS on the cloud platform. The design framework for public knowledge service platform previously proposed by the authors can be smoothly migrated into the cloud environment as explained in this paper. The knowledge cloud is a high-usability knowledge source for all knowledge workers, moreover, a collaborative base for knowledge co-creation.


A simple method is presented for diagnosing the elctron temperature and density of a rapidly heated, coronal-type plasma from observable, nonequilibrium enhancements of X-ray line emission. This method, it is argued, is applicable to the study of solar flares. Accordingly, theoretically predicted line enhancements are given for a representative selection of X-ray lines prominent in the preflare coronal emission spectrum. Some of these predicted line enhancements should soon be observable with instruments aboard the Solar Maximum Mission.Mechanisms, involving energetic electron beams and reverse currents, for the heating of coronal flare plasma rapidly enough to produce these nonequilibrium effects are examined. A time-dependent calculation of Joule heating by the reverse current is presented for two illustrative electron beam strengths. For the first, classical Coulomb resistivity is assumed for the ambient plasma; for the second, anomalous resistivity is assumed to result from the onset of electrostatic ion-cyclotron turbulence. The results suggest that rapid heating can occur by a variety of mechanisms.


Based on the experience of countries that have adopted the use of a single currency, there is no doubt that monetary integration remains a key strategy for Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries to transform themselves into a strong united bloc of developed nations and a global force. Therefore, this study examines the impact of the convergence criteria of monetary integration on the economic performance of SSA countries from 1999 to 2021, using Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (PARDL). About nine SSA countries from the four regions of SSA were randomly selected, and the countries include: Nigeria, South Africa, Angola, Kenya, Lesotho, Ghana, Ethiopia, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Central African Republic. In order to achieve the main objective of this study, the annual panel data were collected from World Bank database on the variables such as Gross Domestic Product growth rate (GDPG), Inflation Rates (INFR), Real Exchange Rates (REXR), and Fiscal Deficit (FDEF). The panel unit root and Johansen Fisher cointegration tests were conducted on all the variables. While the variables exert mixed order of integration, there exists a long-run relationship among the variables. The PARDL results reveal that the inflation rate has an insignificant positive effect on the GDP growth rate in the long run and an insignificant negative effect in the short run. The result further shows that in both the long and short run, the real exchange rate has an insignificant negative impact on the economic performance of SSA countries. The fiscal deficit result shows a significant positive impact on the GDP growth rate in SSA countries both in the long run and short run. The study, therefore, recommends that government should formulate a policy that would strengthen local currencies against foreign currencies, probably by fixing the exchange rates. If this is done, the inflation rate will be tamed through various productions of goods and services at reduced costs.


The application of modern robots has increased dramatically in recent years making systems more productive and efficient. Some of the traditional control approaches used for teaching movement to robots are PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) and LQR (Linear Quadratic Regulator) feedback controllers. These controllers have proven to help keep a system in a stable condition. However, as the model dynamics become more complex and sensitive, these techniques become more difficult to implement. Thus, traditional control techniques for adaptive robotic locomotion with multiple degrees of freedom render the task of maintaining a stable state impossible. This paper addresses the problem of traditional control approaches and proposes reinforcement learning for handling complex states as RL (Reinforcement Learning) is a robust framework and can tackle these problems by testing sample states in a simulated environment and will optimize the robot in each state to achieve for the maximum reward. To train the proposed robot in a realistic environment, this study applies the exploration and exploitation approach, as well as algorithms like curriculum learning, shape reward, input and reward normalization, etc. The findings of this study will generate novel ideas for locomotive robotic motion control and will encourage the use of artificial intelligence in robotic and other automated machines.


In Ancient Rome, children were under the absolute power of the head of the family, who could dispose of them as he wished and could abandon them immediately after birth, which is an act that would most of the time result in their death or slavery. With time, this power was diminished, especially in the imperial period, when, under the influence of Christianity, legislative measures were taken in order to protect the children's lives. At first, these measures had an incomplete character, as they needed to mind the power of the traditions and economic realities of the time. Emperor Constantine the Great played an important role in the edicts that promoted them, succeeding, even by paradoxical means, in protecting the family and children.


Abstract Previous researches have examined the influences of satisfaction with social relations on affective well-being on a long time-frame among older adults. Using the Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) method, we examined within-person changes in social contact satisfaction in relation to momentary affect on short time-scales in 78 community-dwelling older Chinese. Each participant provided up to 7 EMA surveys per day during a one-week period and reported his/her satisfaction, positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA). Multilevel modelling was used for testing the within-person concurrent and time-lagged relations of social interactions and affect. Higher satisfaction was concurrently associated with more PA and less NA. The satisfaction of prior contact was predictive of greater low-arousal PA during the next contact. Prior NA was predictive of lower satisfaction at the next contact. Such dynamic interplays of social and affective experiences should be considered to support the maintenance of affective well-beings in older Chinese.


This paper analyzes highlight the shortcomings of the nonlinear and variable parameters for switched reluctance motor(SRM), and the advantages of variable structure control systems, presents a control method for SRM based on DSP and variable structure control method, Control system using TMS320F2407 chip, full use of the DSP chip resources and the advantages of sliding mode variable structure control system, the hardware structure is simple, and achieve the speed control of SRM. Experiments show that the variable structure control method has better control of SRM dynamic performance and steady precision, and parameter perturbations and external disturbances has strong robustness.


Background-In this study we compared ultrasound with CT in detecting causes of Common stomach and bowel pathologies such as appendicitis, diverticulitis, volvulus in patients presenting at the department with acute abdominal pain in the majority of cases. Methods- A cross-sectional study was conducted in our institute from September 2019 to August 2021 following approval from the Ethical committee of the hospital. All clinically suspected lesions involving stomach and bowel patients included patients who were clinically evaluated at OPD & the emergency department by the surgeon. All those who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were explained the purpose of the study. After clinical assessment, all consenting patients underwent ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) within a few hours of presentation.
Results- A total of 100 patients with stomach and bowel disorders were studied using ultrasound and multidetector  CT scan. 25 patients were diagnosed with appendicular pathologies, 25 cases with primary neoplasms, 18 were abdominal Koch's, 17 were Crohn's disease, 6 were ulcerative colitis, 4 were volvulus, 3 were diverticulitis, 2 were intussusception.Acute appendicitis was the most frequent finding seen in 23 patients. Ultrasound was diagnostic in all except one case.


FIELD: mechanical engineering; gas-turbine engine. SUBSTANCE: proposed gas-turbine engine has main gas duct passing through engine and device to supply cooling air from compressor section of gas-turbine engine to profile part of blade. Flanges of blades are provided with holes arranged below inner channel in direction of gas flow to let pass air used for cooling the flanges by directed flow into profile part below inner channel to increase pressure in rear zone of profile part. EFFECT: improved temperature gradient in height of blade profile part. 3 cl, 3 dwg


Accelerator quality Nb3Sn quadrupole models of TQC series have been fabricated and tested at Fermilab. The magnet design includes 90-mm aperture two-layer coils supported by a stainless steel collar, iron yoke and stainless steel skin. TQC models are the first Nb3Sn quadrupoles using the collar-based structure. This paper describes the design and fabrication features of TQC quadrupole models with both traditional quadrupole-style and alternative dipole-style collars, and presents model test results, including quench performance and field quality at 4.5 K and 1.9 K.


By combining the nonlinear impairment features derived from the first-order perturbation theory, we propose a nonlinear impairment compensation (NLC) scheme based on the transfer learning-assisted convolutional bidirectional long short-term Memory (CNN-BiLSTM) neural network structure. When considering the correlation of nonlinear impairment between preceding and succeeding consecutive adjacent symbols on the current moment symbol and integrating the multidimensional feature extraction and time memory characteristics of CNN-BiLSTM, the nonlinear impairment information contained in the input feature can be fully utilized to accurately predict the nonlinear impairment showing significant compensation effect. Meanwhile, transfer learning (TL) is introduced to greatly reduce the complexity of the scheme on the basis of high compensation performance. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, we construct single-channel (SC) and 5-channel 28 GBaud polarization division multiplexing 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (PDM-16QAM)/85 GBaud PDM-64QAM simulation systems, and SC and 3-channel 28 GBaud PDM-16QAM experimental systems. The experimental results show that when compared with simple recurrent neural network (SRNN) NLC and DBP 20 steps per span (DBP20StPs), the Q-factor gain of our scheme is about 1 dB and 1.7 dB in the SC system, and about 1.1 dB and 1.5 dB in the 3-channel system at the optimal launch power, respectively. It is interesting to highlight that, by applying TL to the simulation and experimental systems, our scheme based on only 5% of the training samples can achieve compensation performance comparable to or higher quality than retraining at various launch powers.


Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease of preterm neonates with a few therapeutic options. Our previous studies suggested that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) therapy is effective in the treatment of BPDinmousemodels. Furthermore,microRNA-206(miR-206)suggestedhavingacorrelationwithBPDbyregulatingtheexpression of fibronectin 1 (FN1). Objectives: The aim of this study was to characterize the role of BMSCs with the up-regulation of miR-206 in the treatment of BPD in newborn mice. Methods: The BPD mouse model was induced by 60% oxygen. BMSCs transfected with miR-206 or negative control (NC) plasmid were administered on postnatal day 7 (P7) and every following week through an intraperitoneal injection (105 cells/animal) until P35. The mice were weighed and their lungs were weighed and prepared for histology. The expression levels of miR-206, FN1, and pulmonarysurfactant-associatedprotein-C(SP-C)weredeterminedthroughthequantitativepolymerasechainreactionandunder the immunofluorescence. The protein expression levels of transforming growth factor- β 1 (TGF- β 1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined by ELISA. Results: BMSCs with up-regulation of miR-206 reduced the degrees of pulmonary edema, improved pulmonary architecture, and attenuated inflammation in BPD mice compared to the NC plasmid group. Furthermore, the up-regulation of miR-206 in BMSCs down-regulated the expression levels of TGF- β and IL-6 in plasma samples and of SP-C and FN1 in the lung tissue of BPD mice. Conclusions: BMSCswithup-regulationof miR-206areeffectiveinthetreatmentof BPDinnewbornmice,andthestudyintroduced a novel idea for the treatment of BPD.


For years design engineers have chosen electrolytic capacitor technology for use as the bus link capacitor on inverter designs. The main attraction has always been the low cost per farad associated with electrolytic capacitors. This paper will present a practical mathematical approach on how to properly size a bus link capacitor for a high performance hard switched DC to AC inverter using film capacitors and will show how film capacitors are advantageous over electrolytic capacitors in terms of size, weight, lifetime, inverter efficiency and cost.


This paper describes a disease of Nicotiana glutinosa characterized by epinasty of leaves, stunting, bunchiness, and occasional necrosis. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of extracts of low-molecular-weight nucleic acid showed a disease-specific RNA migrating faster than Indian tomato bunchy top viroid (ITBTVd). This disease-specific RNA proved to be infectiouson N. glutinosa


Pakistan only has to bet on a total sway of religious fanaticism in India, which buoys Mr Modi. India's fascism has flourished on a successful campaign of religious revivalism that was set in…


In order to achieve the grindability of superabrasive grinding wheel,a new kind of the superabrasive grinding wheel,which has presented abrasive grain pattern,was designed based on the phyllotaxis theory of biology.The grinding force of the superabrasive grinding wheel with phyllotactic pattern was analyzed by using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH) of Ls-dyna simulation software,and the influence of the phyllotactic parameters of the grinding wheel and grinding parameters on the grinding force were obtained.The simulation results showed that the grinding force can be decreased when the phyllotactic parameters of the grinding wheel are reasonably selected.


Background. Depression is a very common psychiatric disorder in children with childhood obesity (OI) at school age and adolescence, since this pathology is a chronic disease that has increased in recent years, including in the pediatric population, and has become a public health problem. Objective. To assess the likelihood of developing depression as a result of childhood obesity. Also, to verify the most frequent causes. Methods. This is an integrative review, whose research was carried out through the Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System online (MEDLINE) and Elsevier via ScienceDirect platforms in search of scientific articles to analyze data and prepare the study, with the target audience being between 5 and 17 years old. The research took place between September and November 2020. Results. A high incidence of developing depression in obese children and adolescents was found, with a higher prevalence in females. Conclusion. It is therefore of the utmost importance to discuss the psychological consequences of obesity in pediatrics, as this disease brings comorbidities and affects mental health, developing, for example, depression.


The study demonstrated that adenocarcinoma was the most common form of pancreas cancer. In the majority of cases it originated from the head of the gland, with the body ranking second and the tail third. Adenocarcinoma most frequently metastasized in the lymph nodes, less in the liver and rather infrequently in the lungs and intestines. When the cancer involved the entire gland or a greater part of it, metastases in the latter organs were practically obligatory. Most frequently metastases of pancreas adenocarcinoma were observed in the seventh decade, followed by the sixth and the eighth decades. This regularity as a whole matched the regularity of the age prevalence of pancreas cancer.


This paper proposes a scheme of reversible data hiding in encrypted images based on multikey encryption. There are only two parties that are involved in this framework, including the content owner and the recipient. The content owner encrypts the original image with a key set which is composed by a selection method according to the additional message. Thus, the image can be encrypted and embedded at the same time. Additional message can be extracted given that the recipient side could perform decryption strategy by exploiting spatial correlation; then, original image can be recovered without any loss. Compare with other current information hiding mechanism, the proposed approach provides higher embedding capacity and is also able to perfectly reconstruct the original image as well as the embedded message. Rate distortion of the proposed method outperforms the previously published ones.


The development of DC microgrids has received considerable interest in both academia and industry over the last decade. DC microgrids have proven to be more reliable and efficient than alternating current microgrids in terms of dependability, integration of renewable energy sources, connectivity of alternating current loads, efficiency and control simplicity. Regardless of the major benefits of dc microgrids, building and installing a suitable protection system for these systems continues to be a considerable undertaking. The difficulty arises from the quick growth in fault current in DC, which must be destroyed immediately when zero crossings do not occur naturally, which could result in sustained arcs. The difficulties associated with DC microgrid protection are examined in this paper from a variety of perspectives, including fault detection methods, ground systems, dc fault current characteristics, fault location methods and protective devices. A thorough examination of each section has been carried out.


In this article, we consider 2-von Neumann regular rings, that is, rings R with the property that, if F 2 → F 1 → F 0 → E → 0 is an exact sequence of R-modules with F 0, F 1, and F 2 finitely generated free modules, then the module E is projective. For each positive integer m, as well as for m = ∞, we exhibit a class of 2-von Neumann regular rings with Krull dimension m. For this purpose, we study trivial extensions of local rings by infinite-dimensional vector spaces over their residue fields. The article includes a brief discussion of the scope and precision of our results.


Users often lack the motivation to pay for health information and services in online health communities (OHC). This may undermine the sustainable development of OHC. Integrating both perspectives of perceived value and trust, this research identified the factors affecting OHC users' payment intention. The results indicated that payment intention is influenced by both functional value and trust. Functional value includes price utility and information quality, whereas trust includes trust in doctors and trust in community. We did not find the effect of emotional value and social value on payment intention. The results imply that OHC need to create a trustworthy climate and offer utilitarian value to users in order to facilitate their payment intention.


Without preconcentration or trapping of analyte particles, to provide an ion mobility spectrometer to detect trace gaseous molecular compounds dissolved or suspended in a carrier gas (in particular ambient air) (IMS). The IMS, 5 cm Larger size of the ionization device of the present invention allows the analysis of a sample compound of trace amounts (less than 1 ppb) in the gas phase. To facilitate efficient ion motion through large ionization region and the reaction region of the IMS, the electric field gradient in the ionization region, or may be provided in both areas of the ionization region and the reaction region. The system may be implemented using a radioactive ion source, a corona discharge ion source. In one embodiment, the sample gas is heated prior to entering the measuring instrument, the measuring instrument is carried out at a temperature above ambient, the instrument is heated by contact with the heated sample gas exiting from the measuring instrument . .FIELD 2B


The studies presented in this thesis were performed to provide policy makers with more accurate information about the sources of air pollution and the possible consequences of future developments on air quality. This enables policy makers to make better informed decisions when formulating policies that have consequences for air quality. Harmful effects and sources of air pollution xposure to outdoor air pollution is the most deadly environmental problem in the world, contributing to 3.7 million deaths each year globally†. This is caused by several different air pollutants, of which particulate matter (PM) is by far the most important. The gaseous substances nitrogen dioxide and ozone also cause widespread health damage. Ecosystem damage and biodiversity loss due to air pollution occur when excessive amounts of a substance are deposited on sensitive ecosystems. Ozone deposition causes damage to plants and deposition of substances containing nitrogen and sulphur makes soils less suitable for sensitive plants to grow on. In addition, ozone and particulate matter also play a role in climate change


This paper presents a laser obstacle detection system for mobile robot navigation. Algorithms for segmentation, where the set of measurements from 2D laser range finder is separated into segments representing each obstacle, line fitting and corner extraction for polygonal obstacles are developed. Simulation and experimental results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed real time laser obstacle detection system for autonomous mobile robot navigation.


In the Federal Republic of Germany, the plaintiff sued her dermatologist for failure to have her tested for rubella during her 2nd pregnancy with the result that she gave birth to a child with physical defects. She claimed that had she been tested for measles, she would have had an abortion. The court reversed a lower court ruling awarding damages. It held that 1) the causal link between the defendant's alleged negligence had been broken by the grossly negligent failure of the plaintiff's gynecologist to test for rubella; and 2) the burden borne by the mother by the birth of a child suffering from defects in this case did not outweigh the interest in the life of the child demanded of the mother by legal provisions of the abortion law, such as to have justified her having had a legal abortion. It noted that the defects of the child were only moderate in severity and appeared not to have unduly burdened the mother.


Traditional approaches to the implementation of TQM in an organization do not address the social aspects of intervention and change. This paper describes two action research cases of TQM implementation in higher education in the context of contingency theory and associated factors that emerged during the intervention and attempted transformation. The analysis suggested that factors such as goal alignment, motivation, role uncertainty, leadership and others are variables that can affect the success of the intervention. It is proposed that a contingency approach is appropriate in the development of a TQM implementation strategy.


The influence of evidencebased research in the design a n d i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f educational policies is a fairly recent phenomenon in Brazil, particularly in the realm of basic education. It is only in 1995, with the deployment of the large scale SAEB–Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Básica (National System of Assessment of Basic E d u c a t i o n ) – a n d t h e establishment of the National S y s t e m o f E d u c a t i o n a l Statistics, under the leadership of the federal government, that educational research started to grab the attention of general media and began to play an i m p o r t a n t r o l e i n t h e mobilization of the civil society and in the policy-making processes.


Abstract: This paper analyzes a clock using Arduino without Real time clock (RTC). The development of the digital clock in Arduino is to provide its own time without RTC. Generally, electronic circuit designers use RTC to construct a clock. Such a circuit requires an extra circuit and power. The CMOS battery supplies power to the RTC, once the CMOS battery power is discharged. It automatically erases the date and time and requires an update from an external device. Considering these facts, RTC is avoided and code with nested looping is used to maintain timing in Arduino. It enables us to modify the time using a keypad and LCD without an external device. Continuous power is supplied to the Arduino using a battery backup. Such a circuit is simple with reduced code. All features available in RTC are available in this circuit. Keywords: Arduino Atmega 328P, RTC, LCD16 x 2, Keypad 4x3.


The distribution of glycine‐ and gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐like immunoreactivity (LI) in nerve terminals on the cell soma of motoneurons in the aldehyde‐fixed cat L7 spinal cord was examined using postembedding immunogold histochemistry in serial ultrathin sections.


The present invention relates to a negative electrode material and a manufacturing method thereof. Technical problem to be SOLVING PROBLEMS is lowered improved and production cost of safety of the lithium ion battery. The negative electrode material according to the present invention is a composite material consisting of a coating layer covering the substrate and it, the substrate is a graphite-based material of 99.9% or more carbon content, the substrate or nanometer micropores nanometers voids are contained, the coating layer is a carbon material. Method of preparing a negative electrode material according to the present invention includes the steps of oxidation / reduction processing for the graphite-based material, and a step of solid phase coating or liquid-phase coating to the graphitization easily bituminous or organic pyrolysis carbon. The present invention, as compared with the prior art, is controlled surface functional groups of the treated layer and / or coating layer on the surface of the negative electrode material, the processing layer and the coating layer is thin and uniform, stability and thermal conductivity in the electrolytic solution There is improved, further improving the safety of the lithium ion battery. The negative electrode material has a feature that high capacity and high efficiency, simple manufacturing process, the cost of the negative electrode material is decreased. .FIELD 1


Determination of the long-term behavior of cave systems and their response to changing environmental conditions is essential for further paleoclimate analyses of cave-hosted carbonate deposits. For this purpose, four actively forming stalagmites were collected in the Baradla Cave where a three-year monitoring campaign was also conducted. Based on textural characteristics and radiocarbon analyses, the stalagmites are composed of annual laminae, whose counting was used to establish age–depth relationships. Fast and slowly growing stalagmites have different stable carbon and oxygen isotope compositions as well as trace element contents that could be attributed to differences in drip water migration pathways. The stable isotope compositions were compared with meteorological data of the last ∼100 years indicating that carbon isotope compositions of the stalagmites may reflect changes in precipitation amount, while oxygen isotope compositions are more related to temperature variations. The combined textural–geo...


About the Course "Managing Technical Communication Projects," or "Project Management" for short, is a course designed to prepare students for technical project management by simulating a project management experience. Learning will occur in this course through a number of methods including the simulated experience, reading the course texts, viewing supplemental materials, working with classmates in "project management roundtables," producing project documentation, and reflecting on the project management experience in writing. Since the course is worth four credits and meets weekly for only fifty minutes at a time, students should be independent and motivated. The learning experiences of the course have been structured so that students will find themselves learning a great deal outside of the fifty-minute class meeting. Project management is alternately known as a discipline and an art. Thus, while students will learn the tools of the project management trade (the discipline), they will also learn from the experience (the art). Since project management skill is ultimately crafted through experience, this course is intended to provide an initial project management experience for students. In support of the intent to foster development through experience, I require reflective writing in the course so that students can have an opportunity to overtly reflect on simulated project events and to provide rationale for their project-based responses and decisions, thus training students how to think and reason as project managers.


The appearance-distribution of heavy rainfalls (above 50 mm per day) in the region of Pacific Ocean side of Tohoku district is analysed synoptic-climatologically. The main results obtained are as follows;1) The heavy rainfalls in warm season tend to appear in the eastern (coastal) region of Tohoku district. This tendency is more obvious as the maximum amount in rainfall-area is larger.2) The heavy rainfalls in the western and central regions are mianly due to the front, thunderstorm and northwesterly monsoon. On the other hand, those in the eastern (coastal) region are mainly due to the typhoons and subtropical cyclones. Regarding the latter, almost every case (80-90%) having the maximum rainfall-amount more than 100 mm per day is due to the typhoon or subtropical cyclone.3) The larger the daily mean sea-level pressure difference (Δp) between Nemuro and Choshi, the more frequently thd heavy rainfalls (above 100 mm per day) appear in the eastern region.4) The fact mentioned in 2) is more obvious in the eastern (coastal) region when positive Δp is larger, and in the western and central regions when negative Δp is larger.5) The annual variation of frequency of heavy rainfalls in an area with the size of a prefecture corresponds to that of precipitable water. This relation, however, is not obvious in smaller regions covering a half or one third of a prefecture, because the heavy rainfall areas are dislocated according to synoptic condition specially in summer and in winter.


"The Church and Man's Calling" is the first part of Gaudium et Spes (1965). It treats fundamental ethics and is the only part of the document that has been taken into account. Its reception has turned out to be more difficult than the two thousand, three hundred votes it received in its favor might suggest. At the beginning it discusses moral values founded on natural law and their repercussions in the laws of the Decalogue. It concludes with an ascending presentation capable of enlightening man and the human community, beginning with conformation to Christ, the incarnate Word. What values were we to adopt? Then came the publication of the encyclical Humanae Vitae. Later, the theologies of liberation, the return to fundamental values with part three of Catechism, and finally the condemnations in the encyclical Veritatis Splendor. It would seem that we are moving toward a mutual rapprochement of faith and reason.


The scope of this thesis is the investigation of the multi-scale signal-transduction dynamics
of protein-based photosensors. Based on the previous experimental findings of Kottke et al. (2003), Lanzl et al. (2010) and Kutta et al. (2008) on the LOV1-domain from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CrLOV1), we first used the popular molecular dynamics (MD) technique to describe the short-time relaxation dynamics of the CrLOV1-system, as well as the LOV2-domain from Avena sativa and the Vivid LOV-domain from Neurospora crassa. In addition, we simulated the early stages of signal-transduction of the artificial photoactivable-Rac1 PA-Rac1 photo-enzyme. These LOV-photosensors, which are a subclass of the PAS-family, were of essential interest in the Graduate College for sensory photoreceptors in natural and artificial systems GRK640 as well as in the Graduate College for chemical photocatalysis GRK1626, supported by the German Research Council (DFG).
Their signal-transduction pathway includes relevant structural changes, which occur on time-scales form ns up to several ms. In order to handle this range of timescales, we developed rate-based Kinetic-Monte-Carlo (KMC) simulation algorithms as well as mixed mesoscopic-atomistic coarse-grained (CG) models. With this new simulation-technique, we described the signaling pathways of LOV-based photosensors on multiple timescales from nanoseconds to seconds. As a result of these simulations, we observed the early signal transduction dynamics in the ns-timescale in the vicinity of the FMN-chromophore, which were complementary to our previous MD-results on the same natural and artificial
photosensory systems. Additionally to these early timescales we obtained informations about the late signaling stages of the LOV-based photosensors within timescales from microsconds to many seconds.

We start with a general introduction on the photosensory systems and the theory on the methods, which we used in our work. In the next sections we present the algorithmic developments, which we designed for the simulation on multiple timescales for the desciption of short-time as well as long-time signal-transduction events. We continue with the description of our results on the simulations of wild-type protein photosensors and finally will present our findings on artificial LOV-based systems.


Centrifuge model tests have been conducted to investigate the soil responses during penetration, jack-up rig operation and extraction of a jack-up spudcan foundation in soft clay. The penetration and extraction process of a half-cut spudcan were captured by a digital camera at 100g. Image processing technique involving Particle Image Velocimetry was then applied to evaluate the induced soil movements in the adjacent field of the moving spudcan. The development of pore pressures adjacent to the spudcan was also monitored.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


The role of small devices in the emerging all-connected computer infrastructure is growing. So are the requirements that the application execution environments face. Portability, mobility, resource scarcity, and security concerns aggravated by often unknown sources of executed code combine together to create a challenging design and implementation task. It has been extensively argued and demonstrated that safe languages can solve some of these problems. In this paper, we focus on the multiprocessing aspect. We argue, in the context of the Java™ programming language, that multiprocessing execution environments based on safe languages for small devices can be built. However, in order to achieve lightweight and robust designs one has to consider a departure from replicating time-proven, traditional OS structure in the Java Virtual Machine (JVM™).


Persons with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) were compared to control participants with orthopedic injuries (OI) using fMRI and a delayed‐match‐to‐sample (DMS) task within an event‐related paradigm and neuropsychological testing. Participants in the TBI group were high functioning and in the chronic stage of recovery. Neuropsychological testing revealed statistically significant group differences in measures of working memory, processing speed, memory, and executive functioning. However, groups were comparable in accuracy on the DMS task. Percent signal changes in fMRI data revealed statistically significantly increased activation within the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for the TBI group compared to controls. Comparisons will be made for patient groups with mild cognitive impairment (pre‐Alzheimer's Dementia), mild TBI, and persons with growth hormone deficiency.


Measuring the ultrafiltration rate of the dialyzer 10 during operation in insulator 20 a portion of the flow path of the dialysis solution, including the dialyzer. to prevent the solution from entering or leaving this part, while allowing the dialyzing liquid to flow over a second flow path through the dialyzer. At the same time, the flow path of the dialysis solution is in communication with a receptacle 60 solution, part of which is vertically raised relative to the dialyzer. Accordingly, the volume of dialysis solution entering the receptacle in a given period of time depends on the volume ultrafiltration. Dialysis coil diaphragm, superimposed membranes in spiral wound membrane, hollow fiber, etc.


Simulation of crop systems has evolved from a neophyte science into a robust and increasingly accepted discipline. Our vision is that crop systems simulation can serve important roles in agriculture and environment. Important roles and uses of crop systems simulation are in five primary areas: 1) basic research synthesis and integration, where simulation is used to synthesize our understanding of physiology, genetics, soil characteristics, management, and weather effects, 2) strategic tools for planning and policy to evaluate strategies and consequences of genetic improvement or resource management, 3) applications for management purposes, where crop systems simulations are used to evaluate impacts of weather and management on production, water use, nutrient use, nutrient leaching, and economics, 4) real time decision support to assist in management decisions (irrigation, fertilization, sowing date, harvest, yield forecast, pest management), and 5) education in class rooms and farms, to explain how crop systems function and are managed.


This Innovations Deserving Exploratory Analysis (IDEA) project is a follow-up to the IDEA TRANSIT-10 project which indicated the potential of using radio frequency identification to integrate automatic passenger counting (APC) systems and automatic vehicle location (AVL) systems. This follow-up Phase 2 demonstration examined the integration of APC/AVL and other monitoring functions in the form of a Transit Integrated Monitoring System (TIMS). This project specifically addressed the following three needs: (1) Advanced systems for transit vehicle location, identification, and management of transit systems; (2) Improved methods of data collection about or from transit users; and (3) Advanced systems for fare collection and control systems. The Phase 2 overall project objectives included developing a demonstration system that: (1) improves the hardware components of the system; (2) enhances the software components of the system; and (3) enables a better understanding of the operational performance of TIMS under transit conditions. The results of this project included a completed software conceptual model of the information content for the system, a set of use cases for the system, a design specification for the database, a design specification for the user interface, and the hardware requirements and specifications. In addition, the software and hardware were implemented and installed on a bus within the Charlottesville Transit System. The system was tested during a field trial of one week. The final product associated with this project is the completed design and specifications of TIMS, the integrated hardware and software, and a demonstrated system.


In this paper,inspired by Jelonek′s algorithm,an improved attributes reduction algorithm is given based on the approximation quality of a single attribute and the modified discernibility matrix due to Hu.It is shown that the presented algorithm is of lower computational complexity than Jelonek′s algorithm.


OF THE THESIS A COMPARISON STUDY OF HIP RANGE OF MOTION AND ELECTROMYOGRAPHY DURING BACKWARD WALKING BETWEEN CHILDREN WITH SPASTIC DIPLEGIA AND CHILDREN WITHOUT KNOWN DISABILITIES


Particulate enzyme preparations from Phaseolus aureus hypocotyls catalyze the formation of an alkali insoluble β, 1 → 4 linked [ 14 C]-glucan using UDP-α-d [ 14 C]-glucose as substrate. Particulate enzymes prepared from root tissue also catalyzed the production of β, 1 → 4 glucan. UDP-β-d-[ 14 C]-glucose would not serve as a substrate for these enzymes. The presence or absence of β, 1 → 4 glucan synthetase activity was independent of tissue source, substrate concentration, or homogenization method. The particulate enzyme also catalyzes the formation of a β, 1 → 3 linked glucan from UDP-d glucose which is usually soluble in hot alkali. The solubility of the β, 1 → 3[ 14 C]-glucan decreased when the enzyme was obtained from hypocotyls germinated at a higher temperature. The water-soluble material resulting from the catalyzed reaction includes a large proportion of what appears to be [ 14 C]-laminaribiose, and smaller proportions of [ 14 C]-laminaritriose and [ 14 C]-glucose. There is no detectable quantity of [ 14 C]-cellobiose or [ 14 C]-cellotriose in the water-soluble material.


IT has been the almost universal judgment of literary historians that in the twelfth century the only dramas that were enacted by impersonators of the several parts were the dramas of the Church. They dealt only with sacred subjects and were performed within the sacred edifice or immediately outside or in a monastic refectory or cloister.' There were, to be sure, the Latin comedies collected and edited by Professor Gustave Cohen,2 but these, except the Babio, were probably intended for reading or recitation by a single person to some group of profane-minded clerics. Though the thirteenth century brought many innovations and many new types of dramatic performance, including secular plays for lay audiences,3 the authorities seem to agree that as yet there were no theatres, buildings dedicated to the production of secular drama. Only when we come to the fourteenth century is the existence of theatres recognized. Sir Edmund Chambers noted the reference of Bishop Grandison in the years 1348 and 1352 to a theatrum in the city of Exeter, where a mock order of monks held their revels, and where a group of artisans proposed to enact publicly 'quendam ludum noxium' at the expense of the leather-dressers.4 And Eustache Deschamps in his Miroir de Mariage (1381-1396) mentions the theatre twice as a place of popular resort.5 Though Chambers observed the occurrence of the word theatrum in Ailred of Rievaulx's Speculum Charitatis (1141-1142), he remarked:6 'an actual theatre in the twelfth century is hardly thinkable, and with a learned ecclesiastic one can never be sure that he is not drawing his illustrations rather from his knowledge of classical literature than from the real life around him.' Some further uses, however, of the noun theatrum or the adjectives theatricus and theatralis in the twelfth and early thirteenth centuries have recently been noted by Professor Laura Hibbard Loomis and myself which seem to require that the question be re-opened. Several of these passages have been reproduced by Chambers and Young, but they have not been brought together nor has their significance been fully realized. Five have never been cited in connection with dramatic history.


Fuzzy Rule-Based Classification Systems (FRBCSs) focus on generating a compact rule-base from numerical input data for classification purposes. Iterative Rule Learning (IRL) has been proposed to reduce the search space for learning a rule-set for a specific classification problem. In this approach, a rule-set is constructed by searching for an appropriate fuzzy rule and adding it to the rule-set in each iteration. A major element of this approach is the requirement of an evaluation metric to find the best rule in each iteration. The difficulty in choosing the best rule is that the evaluation metric should be able to measure the degree of cooperation of the candidate rule with the rules found so far. This poses a major difficulty when dealing with fuzzy rules; because unlike crisp rules, each pattern is compatible with a fuzzy rule only to a certain degree. In this paper, the cooperation degree of a candidate rule is divided into the following two components: I)The cooperation degree of the rule with other rules of the same class, II)The cooperation degree of the rule with rules of the other classes. An IRL scheme to generate fuzzy classification rules is proposed that induces cooperation among the rules of the same class. Cooperation between the rules of different classes is handled using our proposed rule-weighting mechanism. Through a set of experiments on some benchmark data sets from UCI-ML repository, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is shown.


A small group of agricultural enterprises (agricultural farms) of corporate and noncorporate entities functions within the Polish agriculture. The aim of the research discussed in the article was to assess the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises under conditions of progressive changes taking place in the competition platform. The assessment was based on the results of a financial analysis. Due to the complex nature of measuring competitiveness, the research employed a model limited to determining the amount of benefits accrued by owners of agricultural enterprises and the level of the financial security of their business operations. The source of data were the 2014–2021 financial results of agricultural enterprises having a statistical reporting obligation. The data were aggregated and made available by Statistics Poland. It was found that the surveyed group is facing a systematic decline and that this trend will continue in the future. At the same time, throughout the analysed period, the surveyed agricultural enterprises as a whole were immune to changes taking place in the macroeconomic environment and only individual groups and classes distinguished on the basis of their production orientation proved sensitive to shocks occurring in the given industry. Major financial problems and lack of competitiveness were observed in orchard cultivation and pig farming.


Received 19 January 2010 Accepted 28 April 2010 Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands Cancer and Population Studies, QIMR, PO Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia DDL Diagnostic Laboratory, Fonteynenburghlaan 7, 2275 CX Voorburg, The Netherlands Skin Cancer Research Group within the North Queensland Centre for Cancer Research, School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia Department of Genome Modifications and Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany


Legislated as the official national myth in the Philippines, the revolutionary novels of the foremost Filipino hero, Jose Rizal, continue to be taught across the secondary and tertiary levels in the Tagalog-based language of Filipino. Together with English, Filipino enjoys a distinct advantage as a fully developed literary language in the country, even as the many other languages of the archipelago are slowly and inexorably sliding into desuetude and neglect. Arguing that translation is at once a metaphorical and appropriative act, the author proposes that Rizal's already inescapably translational texts be made available to Filipino students in their own mother tongues, in recognition of their evocative power (that includes rather than excludes) on one hand, and in order to more fully realize Rizal's vision of an emancipated national body, on the other.


The chapter describes the background, the preparations and the juridical disputes at European and global level that led to the ban on asbestos.


John Collom was a British thinker on sea power and expert on imperial defense in the 19th century.He gave the first comprehensive exposition to the necessity and importance of Britain's defense.He believed that imperial defense should cover the whole Britain,emphasized the fundamental role of sea power and advocated the cooperation between armies and navies.He also proposed establishing a committee to assist the imperial defense.All these ideas have played a great part in Britain's strategic change from colonial defense to imperial defense.


Abstract A ferroelectric memory field-effect transistor (FEMFET) where a ferroelectric thin film is incorporated directly into the gate structure of the transistor is attractive, because it provides not only nonvolatility, but also nondestructive readout (NDRO). At Westinghouse, we are currently developing a FEMFET using thin film barium magnesium fluoride (BaMgF4), a ferroelectric material that was discovered in 1969, but was not fabricated in thin film form until 1989. The BaMgF4 films are grown by evaporation in an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) chamber on clean Si(100). The natural tendency of these films to grow with the ferroelectric a-axis in the Si(100) plane has been overcome to obtain more random orientation with larger reversible polarization perpendicular to the film. A capping layer (SiO2) has been found to be essential for process integrability of these BaMgF4 films. Ti-W metallization produced only a slight reduction in the capacitance-voltage (C-V) memory window. Switching speed of these films has...


Worldwide, the environmental policymakers and researchers have argued that the causes of environmental deterioration such as loss of biodiversity, increased pollution and resource deficit are entrenched into the human behaviors. In this regard, most of the firms tend towards guaranteeing that their day-to-day operations are not harmful to environment by the application of green initiatives. Thus, there exists an emerging need for shaping and understanding the employee behavior to decrease these harmful environmental effects. Present study, therefore, contributes to the debate by empirically investigating the impact of four dimensions of green HRM practices. The study further incorporates top management support as a mediating mechanism in the relationship between green HRM practices and environmental performance. The study uses green HRM practices (green training and development, green performance management, green employee involvement and green recruitment and selection) as explanatory variables, top management support as mediating variable and environmental performance as outcome variable. The data are collected from 314 respondents working in the manufacturing firms of Pakistan. The study finds positive effect of green HRM practices on environmental performance. The study shows that top management support significantly mediates between green HRM practice and environmental performance. The study suggests promoting top management support to improve environmental performance as it helps firms to achieve sustainable comparative advantage and let the firms produce environmentally friendly products. The study concludes that the appreciation by the top management motivates the employees to engage in environmentally friendly initiatives which leads towards sustainable environmental performance.


In the excavation process of natural slope,as a result of blasting power damage the integrity of the original rock,resulting in the occurrence of rock slope,in part or in whole formed by spallation slope with loose rock,cause rock solid steady ability to reduce (reduce the slope against sliding force),and may even lead to landslides or the collapse of cutting. At present,the design of the slope does not take as a result of excavation blasting seismic effect on the impact of slope stability,resulting in the excavation process of an individual slope or sliding after the completion of construction. Through on-site testing the effect of blasting seismic,according to stress wave propagation in rock mass movement of law and come to rock the body mass in different parts of the seismic acceleration and average acceleration of the rock slope stability of the results,given the horizontal and vertical under the direction of seismic acceleration slope formula for calculating the safety factor and the adoption of an example,so as to slope stability provided a strong basis for design.


This paper analyzes a NASA Convair 990 (CV-990) accident with emphasis on rejected-takeoff (RTO) decision making, training, procedures, and accident statistics. The NASA Aircraft Accident Investigation Board was somewhat perplexed that an aircraft could be destroyed as a result of blown tires during the takeoff roll. To provide a better understanding of tire failure RTO's, The Board obtained accident reports, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) studies, and other pertinent information related to the elements of this accident. This material enhanced the analysis process and convinced the Accident Board that high-speed RTO's in transport aircraft should be given more emphasis during pilot training. Pilots should be made aware of various RTO situations and statistics with emphasis on failed-tire RTO's. This background information could enhance the split-second decision-making process that is required prior to initiating an RTO.


Abstract Doppler radars offer unique data from which it is possible to estimate the turbulent eddy dissipation rates, ϵ. If the inertial subrange extends to lengths longer than the radar resolution volume size, ϵ can be obtained from the Doppler spectrum width. Spatial spectra of mean Doppler velocities can also yield ϵ estimates but only if a significant portion of the analysis length is contained within the inertial subrange. We compare dissipation rate estimates obtained with the two independent measurement techniques. At close range and vertical incidence, agreement between the two independent estimates of ϵ is within 10%. Furthermore, the slope of the spatial energy densities is very close to −5/3 predicted by Kolmogorov. The energy input is mainly from buoyancy-driven updrafts and the transition wavelength (about 3 km) between the input scale and the inertial subrange is consistent with the updraft-downdraft circulation cell, which is about 10 km. For a more distant storm at a range of 60 km, the fi...


The basic questions that arise when maintaining an automated electric drive relate to the safety and reliability of the elements in operation. The maintenance strategy of these elements is planned to start from the basic facts related to the plant's importance, type and purpose. The main purpose of maintenance is the timely detection of a fault and its elimination, i.e. ensuring continuous operation of the plant. In this work, the operation of the cable car was analyzed by monitoring the reliability of the electric drive. An analysis of the significance of reliability coefficients is a potentially new method for maintenance planning. The aim of the research was to define a new strategy for the maintenance of the facility and ensure the maximum safety of skiers through the analysis of previous events. Research is based on coefficients that indicate the reliability, frequency of failures, availability and unavailability of the elements that make up a drive. The essence of the conducted research is based on a new strategy for planning and maintaining such a facility, aiming to ensure skiers' safety and protection.


Acute symptomatic anterior uveitis has been seen in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In the absence of ocular symptoms, anterior uveitis has not been appreciated in children with IBD. Tb determine if children with IBD might have ophthalmologic signs of uveitis without visual complaints, eye examinations were performed in 19 children with granulomatous bowel disease (GBD) and 7 with ulcerative colitis (UC). In those with GBD, 6 had uveitis by slit lamp examination while no abnormalities were noted in those with UC. The abnormalities consisted of cells and flare in the anterior chamber. Despite a predominance of girls (11) and whites (16) among the 19 children with GBD, all were male and 3 black in the group with asymptomatic uveitis. All 6 with uveitis demonstrated colonic involvement. There were no positive correlations between the presence of uveltis and bowel symptoms, duration of illness, extra-intestinal manifestations, or specific treatment regimens. Contrary to observations in adults with acute anterior uveitis, none of the 6 children had radiographic evidence of spondylitis and 5 were HLA-B27 negative. Repeat eye examinations 6 to 8 months later, revealed no evidence of uveitis in 4 of 5 children. These data suggest that asymptomatic, transient uveitis is common in children with GBD and that males, blacks, and those children who have colonic involvement may be at greater risk.


It discloses a boost circuit including a plurality of transistors connected between the complementary phase of the clock signal. Boost circuit is responsive to a clock signal, the first voltage in the electrical node configured to generate a second voltage, the first being connected between at least the two of the plurality of transistors It includes an electrical node. Further, as a method for reducing energy dissipation in an integrated circuit to provide a boost circuit further comprises changing the voltage by boosting.


The relative immunity from cardiovascular disease of women before the menopause is attributed to a protective effect of ovarian estrogens, mortality from these conditions being higher after a premature menopause' but reduced by estrogen therapy.* But how estrogens achieve this effect is not known. We therefore investigated vascular effects of estradiol (E2), the main estrogen of reproductive life, given transdermally (TRD) so as to avoid the unphysiological action of oral estrogen.


Objective To investigate the mid-to-long-term outcomes as well as development of aortic valve regurgitation and stenosis following aortic and pulmonary anastomosis after arterial switch operation (ASO) in children with transposition of the great arteries (TGA).Methods A total of 166 TGA children who underwent ASO in our institute between January 2003 and December 2009 were included in this study.The patients with ventricular septal defect (VSD) were allocated to Group Ⅰ (n=94) and those with intact ventricular septum to Group Ⅱ (n=72).All the patients were followed up in out-patient department by echocardiogram for aortic valve regurgitation and stenosis following aortopulmonary anastomosis.Results Fourteen patients from Group Ⅰ and 10 from Group Ⅱ died after ASO respectively.The mean length of follow-up was (57.41±15.45) months.Neoaortic valve regurgitation was detected in 51 cases,mostly within 3 to 5 years post-ASO.Correlation analysis revealed that the reflux area was positively correlated with the length of follow-up (r=0.436,P=0.028).Aortic anastomotic stenosis (defined as pressure gradient >50 mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) did not occur in all the patients,whereas pulmonary anastomotic stenosis (defined as pressure gradient >50 mm Hg) was found in 6.25% and 3.23% respectively,of patients during follow-up from Group Ⅰ (5 out of 80) and Group Ⅱ (2 out of 62).Conclusions ASO may be an ideal surgical option for TGA,with good mid-to-long-term outcomes.Regular post-surgical follow-up will help ensure a better prognosis after ASO.

Key words:
Heart defects, congenital;  Transposition of the great artery;  Arterial switch operation;  Postoperative complications ;  Follow-up studies


The invention discloses a multifunctional soil conditioner which is characterized in that the soil conditioner is mainly prepared by mixing the following components: 60-70kg of boric sludge with the granularity of 100-120 meshes, 18-25kg of limestone flour with the granularity of 150-200 meshes, 16-20kg of humic acid with the pH value of 8, and 1-2kg of bamboo vinegar with the acetic acid concentration of 6 percent, wherein the pH value of boric sludge is adjusted to 8 by using 45-70% sulfuric acid. The pH value of the finished soil conditioner is 8-8.5. According to the multifunctional soil conditioner, soil hardening can be relieved, the soil fertility is improved, and multiple mineral nutrient elements needed by multiple crops can be increased for the soil.


, The mid-eighteenth century reimportation of Kong Anguo's .~~ l~ (fl. 126-117 B.C.) commentary to the Ancient Script version of the Classic of Filial Piety (Guwen Xiaojing Kong [shi] zhuan 1z-k..1j:.ftt. }L [ o; ] 1t ) is an important part of a greater eighteenthand nineteenth-century trend reversing the flow of cultural influences from China to Japan, which had until then been largely one way.1 The Kong commentary was first lost in China in the sixth century during the turmoil at the end of the Liang dynasty. Its sudden reappearance several decades later led Sui-dynasty scholars to question the text's authenticity. Although the Kong commentary remained extant for several hundred more years, it was later lost once again in the tenth century during the Five Dynasties period, and only the text of the Ancient Script version of the classic itself was preserved. Since a quotation from the Classic of Filial Piety appears in the Seventeen-Article cons!.i tU1jon (Jiishichij 0 kenpo -t-t::. 'fit 'fl.)1:\ ) issued by Prince Shotoku Y\$ 1~, -:i 1(573-621) in 604, it is clear that the classic itself had already been transmitted to Japan prior to the Nara period. 2 The Kong commentary must have reached Japan soon afterwards, because the Taiho Codes (Taiho ritsuryo i\.1f 1:l j: ) promUlgated in 701 or 702 made study of both the Kong and Zheng ~p. commentaries to the Classic of Filial Piety obligatory in offl.cial instruction. 3 After Tang Xuanzong's Ar ~ I~ (r. 712-56) commentary to the Classic of Filial Piety was transmitted to Japan, it replaced the Kong and Zheng commentaries in 860 to become the officially sanctioned commentary for the Classic of Filial Piety, just as it had in China more than a century earl ier. Even after this transfer of allegiance, Japanese scholars were still permitted to study the Kong commentary, if they so desired, and even though Tang Xuanzong' s Imperial Commentary was used on official occasions, the Kong commentary continued to be popular among the literati and remained in circulation down to the Tokugawa era. . Dazai Shundai :t. %-%'~ (1670-1747), a prominent disciple of Ogyii Sorai ~ 1. .tli~%(1666-1728) and an advocate of "ancient learning" (kogaku ~~ ), was aware that the Kong commentary was no longer extant in China. Apparently inspired by the fact that the Tokugawa bakufu had sent the Shichikei Moshi kobun hoi -t~rt Jz~~ -x.. ~if1' J1


Demand for environmental quality of a fishery product and its effect on the incentive to manage fisheries sustainably is analyzed using bioeconomic modeling. The paper examines the effectiveness of an ecolabel in achieving sustainable fisheries production under open-access, limited-access and optimally managed fisheries with price premiums for ecolabeled products that are either constant or a function of sustainability criteria. In addition, the paper investigates the effect of placing an ecolabel on the rate of recovery of an overfished stock.


A major drawback to the use of crimson clover Trifolium incarnatum L.) as a winter legume cover with corn (Zea mays L.) is the cost of new seed each fall. Planting corn into a living mulch and allowing the clover to reseed could reduce these costs. This study was conducted for 3 yr (1989–1990) at Plains and Griffin, GA, to determine the feasibility of planting corn into various widths of chemically killed strips of crimson clover and allowing a living clover mulch between corn rows to mature and reseed naturally. Each fall, 'Tihbee' crimson clover was planted on a new strip and the previous year's plots were continued for reseeding studies in 1989 and 1990. Treatment included chemically killing 0, 25, 60, 80, 95, and 100% of the total area with paraquat (1.1-dimethyl-4,4″-bipyridinium ion) Killing the clover was accomplished 2 week before or at corn planting, except the 25% kill, which was killed at planting only. 'Pioneer 3165' corn was no-till planted on all of the plots in late March to early April at Plains and in mid April to early May at Griffin. Reseeding was satisfactory (>70% groundcover) for killed strips of 80% or less. Corn grain yields when clover was completely killed were 6 to 10 Mg ha⁻¹ at Griffin and 3 to 6 Mg ha⁻¹ at Plains, where rainfall was less. Corn grain yield was not depressed by the presence of a living clover mulch, as long as the clover was killed in strips of 60% or greater, compared with the conventional practice of completely killing clover. Time of killing clover was not important in most instances, but in 1989 killing early significantly reduced corn grain yields in the reseeded plots at Griffin and, to a lesser extent, in the fall-seeded plots at Plains. Based on corn yield and reseeding of clover, planting corn into clover killed in strips of 60 to 80% appears to be the optimum.


A PVC membrane malachite green(MG) selective electrode with high sensitivity was prepared with the ion-pair of malachite green-sodium tetraphenylborate as the electroactive substance,based on a two-dimensional functional material of restricted access media and molecularly imprinted polymers(RAM-MIPs),which could inhibit ion flux of MG,recognize MG specifically,and eliminate the matrix interference.The electrode showed a linear Nernst response in the range of 3.2×10-8~ 1×10-3mol/L with pH 3~pH 7.5 and a slope of 54.2 mV/pC.The low limit of detection was about 7×10-9mol/L.With the better selectivity,precision and accuracy,this electrode was practicable for the analysis of MG in aquatic water and aquatic products.


The recent literature on study of Urban Agriculture is reviewed from 8 aspects which include concept,basic function,type of products,spatial layout,potential spacea and its influence on urban form,etc.Based on that review,the paper makes a brief comment,and the suggestions for future research are proposed.


Statins are the cornerstone for primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerosis. But statin monotherapy in some patients will not be sufficient to achieve an LDL-C target and increase the incidence of new-onset diabetes in a dose dependent manner, especially in women, elderly, presence of family history of type 2 diabetes and Asian ethnicity. Recently metformin, an old and effective antidiabetic medication, has been found to reduce LDL-C levels and has cardiac benefits for patients with T2D. Therefore, statins plus metformin may further reduce LDL-C levels and partly counteract statin-induced diabetes.


We study oriented percolation on random causal triangulations, those are random planar graphs obtained roughly speaking by adding horizontal connections between vertices of an infinite tree. When the underlying tree is a geometric Galton--Watson tree with mean $m>1$, we prove that the oriented percolation undergoes a phase transition at $p_c(m)$, where $p_c(m) = \frac{\eta}{1+\eta}$ with $\eta = \frac{1}{m+1} \sum_{n \geq 0} \frac{m-1}{m^{n+1}-1}$. We establish that strictly above the threshold $p_c(m)$, infinitely many infinite components coexist in the map. This is a typical percolation result for graphs with a hyperbolic flavour. We also demonstrate that large critical oriented percolation clusters converge after rescaling towards the Brownian continuum random tree. The proof is based on a Markovian exploration method, similar in spirit to the peeling process of random planar maps.


An effective diffusion coefficient ${D}_{\mathrm{eff}}$, and an effective energy of migration ${E}_{m}$ are derived which describe the combined diffusion of single vacancies and divacancies which are in thermal equilibrium. ${D}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ is the appropriate diffusion "constant" to be used in Fick's law, if one wishes to describe the flow of voids, and expresses the fact that each vacancy during its random walk spends part of its lifetime as a single vacancy and part of its lifetime as a divacancy. ${E}_{m}$ can be expressed in terms of ${{E}_{m}}^{1}$ and ${{E}_{m}}^{2}$ (the energies of migration of a single vacancy and a divacancy, respectively), and is concentration- and temperature-dependent. Its minimum is ${{E}_{m}}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{B}_{2}$, where ${B}_{2}$ is the binding energy of a divacancy. From analysis of measurements of ${E}_{m}$ on Au specimens quenched from above 800\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, one finds that ${{E}_{m}}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{B}_{2}\ensuremath{\sim}0.56$ eV, or more directly that ${{E}_{m}}^{1}+{B}_{2}\ensuremath{-}{{E}_{m}}^{2}=0.26\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03$ eV. The same value for this latter parameter was derived from another independent experiment, namely from the critical concentration of vacancies for which clustering will just occur.The binding energy of a divacancy in Au was observed to be: ${B}_{2}=0.10\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03$ eV, and its energy of migration: ${{E}_{m}}^{2}=0.66\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06$ eV. ${B}_{2}$ was obtained from an analysis of the decrease in resistivity observed during the transient process in which single vacancies and divacancies come into equilibrium with one another. In addition it was found that the resistivity of a divacancy is (4.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3)% less than that of two well-separated single vacancies.


In this paper, we prove the global regularity of smooth solutions to 2D surface quasi-geostrophic (SQG) equations with super-critical dissipation for a class of large initial data, where the velocity and temperature can be arbitrarily large in spaces $L^\infty(\mathbb{R}^2)$ and $H^3(\mathbb{R}^2)$. This result could be seen as an improvement work of Liu-Pan-Wu \cite{Liu}, for it's without any smallness hypothesis of the $L^\infty(\mathbb{R}^2)$ norm of the initial data.


Significance The mammalian innate immune system recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) as a signature of infections and cell damage. Cells exposed to dsRNA release interferons to activate protective programs in surrounding tissues. One of these protective programs triggers regulated decay of intracellular RNA by the pseudokinase/endoribonuclease RNase L. Here we map the pathway of this RNA decay transcriptome-wide and identify groups of selectively destabilized human messenger RNAs. We show that RNA decay by RNase L has an important role in homeostasis and serves as a suppressor of cell adhesion. Our work defines the targets of RNase L and clarifies the role of the dsRNA-activated messenger RNA decay in the interferon response. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) activates the innate immune system of mammalian cells and triggers intracellular RNA decay by the pseudokinase and endoribonuclease RNase L. RNase L protects from pathogens and regulates cell growth and differentiation by destabilizing largely unknown mammalian RNA targets. We developed an approach for transcriptome-wide profiling of RNase L activity in human cells and identified hundreds of direct RNA targets and nontargets. We show that this RNase L-dependent decay selectively affects transcripts regulated by microRNA (miR)-17/miR-29/miR-200 and other miRs that function as suppressors of mammalian cell adhesion and proliferation. RNase L mimics the effects of these miRs and acts as a suppressor of proliferation and adhesion in mammalian cells. Our data suggest that RNase L-dependent decay serves to establish an antiproliferative state via destabilization of the miR-regulated transcriptome.


This paper is an explorative discourse on strategies used for local economic development since the dawn of a new democracy in South Africa. In doing so, the study reflected on international experience and current local economic development practices while at the same time focusing on variables that could be characterized as enablers or barriers to successful implementation in poor areas. It is a theoretical paper, hinged upon secondary analysis of publications in relation to local economic development between the period of 1994 and 2004 with a specific intent to understand the strength and weakness of the foundations upon which the current policies are based. The synthesis focused on concepts such as poverty alleviation initiatives linked to land-based local economic development in South Africa. The study concluded that while there are similarities in the emergence of LED across the global spectrum, less developed countries such as South Africa continue to face a myriad of challenges related to policy development, execution, monitoring and evaluation. It was further recommended that strategic intents for LED should be aligned to community aspirations to have a sustainable impact. It was further recommended that while donor agencies remain crucial, proper allocation and reporting mechanisms may help sustain relationships between LED practitioners and funders. Lastly, it was recommended that a strong and legitimized political will and leadership are vital in encouraging popular participation and sustained community based response.


Objective To establish a model of mandibular distraction osteogenesis in rabbits.Methods Eighteen white New Zealand rabbits were performed osteotomy in the right mandible and then internal distraction device was positioned and fixed on the mandible.Five days later,distraction was carried out at a rate of 1 mm every day for ten days.After 1 week,3 weeks and 6 weeks of consolidation,animals were killed separately and mandibles were taken out for X-ray and histology examinations.Results All of the mandibles were lengthened successfully.The distraction gaps were filled with regenerated bone tissue.All of the examinations showed that the bones were forming gradually with time.Conclusion The methods used in this study were practical and repeatable.


This article critiques the way in which the discipline of anthropology has construed Christianity, arguing that too narrow and ascetic a model of Christianity has become standard and questioning the claims of the 'secular' social sciences to have severed them? selves entirely from their Christian theological underpinnings. The article is in conversa? tion with other writers on related themes, including Jonathan Parry on Mauss's The gift, Talal Asad, John Millbank, and Marshall Sahlins. Here, however, established anthropolog? ical assumptions on topics including transcendence, modernity, asceticism, and genealogy are reconsidered through a fieldwork-based examination of American Mormonism, a reli? gion which posits relationships between the mortal and the divine that are unique in Christianity. Despite their strong belief in Christ, Mormons have often been labelled as 'not really Christian' by mainstream churches. It is argued here that such theological position-taking is echoed in the social sciences and that this reveals some of its (that is, our own) unrecognized orthodoxies. A map of Mormon heaven It's an October day in Utah, and I'm sitting in a Ford service station in Taylorsville, one of the less wealthy southern suburbs of Salt Lake City. In the background there are continuous tannoy announcements paging the mechanics. I am sitting on the lawn in front of the service station with Patricia Johanssen, a devout member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (henceforth LDS), or 'Mormons'; the grass is rather wet because it's watered by the sprinkler systems which are used everywhere in the city to keep the desert at bay Typically for Salt Lake, beyond the lush green turf is a view of freeway intersections, strip-mall developments, and the dusty grey-brown of the sage brush and desert on which the city is built. To our left (as we face south) are the Wasatch Mountains, already capped and gleaming with snow, forming a barrier along one side of the city. Patricia and I are waiting for her elderly car to be serviced, and talking about heaven. There s a pause in our conversation before I ask, 'How do you imagine heaven? How do you imagine the Celestial Kingdom?"Ha!' says Patricia, right away: 'BusyV and she gives a rueful laugh. 'Um, we're told, there s a prophecy at the end of the Doctrine and Covenants that we'll still be teaching and doing. I figure I'm stuck, I'll be a teacher all my life ... !' Then she looks around, beyond the service station, towards the mountains, and adds: 'For me, I picture