Howard D. White is @hated with the College of Information Science and Technology at Drexel University in Philadelphia (PA 19104). He can be reached by email at firstname.lastname@example.com hank you, everyone. This is a T very untypical day for me, and I deeply appreciate the work of all those who made it possible. If I had to pick a situation that typifies my life, it would be me standing in front of a bunch of books I haven't read. Wherever I go and however long I live, I always seem to be doing this; for some reason I like standing there, taking books down and looking into them and putting them back. I have done it at home, at school, in my office, in bookstores and in libraries. I suppose that this fondness for browsing is why I trained at one point to be a librarian: they get paid to stand in front of a bunch of books they haven't read. But I never worked as a professional librarian; instead, I became an academic, and this allowed me to characterize my relation to books in more stately fashion as "the humanliterature interface." I don't apologize for that phrase; one has to set the broader context when one is doing newish things, like mapping authors in intellectual space based on their cocitation counts. But as I looked at these maps over time, I came to realize that all I had created was a miniature version of a bunch of books I hadn't read. Even so, whether I'm browsing in library stacks or looking at cocitation maps, I'm reminded of the central concern of information science that is, effective intermediation between people and literatures. People have a sharply limited capacity for absorbing recorded information. They can increase this capacity only by extending it over time that is to say, over chunks of their lives, which are finite. People are also sharply limited in where they can be at a given moment. Literatures, in contrast, contain vast amounts of information, they extend globally over highly fragmented space, and they are timeless. They and people could hardly be more different. Yet people want to avail themselves of the powers and pleasures found in literatures, despite the mismatch at the point where they and literatures meet. One way of conveying this mismatch is to speak of "you versus the literature." The phrase suggests overload the fact that, from childhood on, you have too many things to read or otherwise attend to. But it also suggests resistance the fact that you learn to filter even the good stuff and restrict what you take in. Beyond that, you can sometimes mean more than one person it can imply you the individual plus all the others who cut literatures down to size on your behalf. Sometimes they do this by singling out just those writings that address


We prove that if a p-group G of exponent p > p has no subgroup H such that |Ω1(H)| = p and H/Ω1(H) is cyclic of order pe−1 ≥ p and H is regular provided e = 2, then G is either absolutely regular or of maximal class. This result supplements the fundamental theorem of Blackburn on p-groups without normal subgroups of order p and exponent p. For p > 2, we deduce even stronger result than (respective result for p = 2 is unknown) a theorem of Božikov and Janko. The 2-groups all of whose nonmetacyclic subgroups are generated by involutions, are classified in [BozJ]. Corollary 5 contains a stronger version of main theorem from [BozJ] for p > 2. In what follows, G is a p-group, where p is a prime. By cl(G) we denote the class of G. Set Ωn(G) = 〈x ∈ G | x pn = 1〉, ℧n(G) = 〈x pn | x ∈ G〉, ℧ ∗ n(G) = 〈x ∈ G | o(x) = p 〉, (n is a positive integer). By G, Z(G), Φ(G) we denote the derived subgroup, the center and the Frattini subgroup of G, respectively. A p-group G is said to be absolutely regular if |G/℧1(G)| < p p [Bla1]. A p-group G is said to be regular if for any x, y ∈ G there exists z ∈ 〈x, y〉 such that (xy) = xyz [Hal]. By Kn(G) we denote the n-th member of the lower central series of G. A p-group G is said to be of maximal class if |G| = p, m > 2, and cl(G) = m − 1 (so p-groups of maximal class are nonabelian). Next, Γ1 is the set of all maximal subgroups of G. Definition 1. A p-group G is said to be an Ln-group, if Ω1(G) is of order p and exponent p and G/Ω1(G) is cyclic of order greater than p. In what follows we consider Ln-groups only for n = p. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. 20D15.


All the geometrical acquisitions of the inner structures of the knee were obtained from MRI images in order to get in vivo models non-invasively. First the kinematics of one subject's knee was acquired, thanks to a dedicated MRI protocol (Sangeux et al. 2006). A non magnetic flexion guide was used for reproducibility purpose and the continuous movement of the knee was assessed from a finite set of 4 knee positions in the range of 0–638 of flexion. The kinematics of the knee was described with helical axes. The finite element model was composed of the bones, the cartilage and the menisci. The geometrical modelling was performed in a pre–post finite element software. The bones were considered as rigid so a simple surface mesh was employed. For the cartilage and the menisci a dedicated sub-routine was designed in order to build a volumic mesh based on each structure thickness map. The material properties of the soft tissues were derived from the literature (Donahue et al. 2003), the cartilage was considered as isotropic and elastic and the menisci as a transverse isotropic elastic tissue. The model integrate cartilage/cartilage and meniscus/ cartilage contact. The model was validated in pure compression by the comparison of the contact pressure area determined by the model and the nodal distance from the MRI images.


Abstract Francis Galton proposed to split the money available for the first two prizes in a competition according to some ratio X, depending on the marks of the three best competitors, but invariant under change of location or scale of the marks. Assuming normality, Galton found that EX is about .75 and empirically he observed that X is nearly uniformly distributed between and 1. Our main purpose is to show that Galton was indeed right for a wide class of underlying distributions. As the number of competitors tends to ∞, the ratio X tends (in distribution) to a uniform random variable.


Context: Low brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. The relation between BDNF and severity of depression has been investigated. Aims: In this study, we aimed to measured serum BDNF levels in never-treated non-suicidal out-patients with depression and relate this to the severity of depression. Settings and Design: This study was conducted in an out-patient setting in a tertiary care psychiatric hospital on consenting depressed patients. Materials and Methods: Forty three (19 females) antidepressant-naive out-patients with depression, aged between 18 and 55 years and 24 (13 females) age-matched healthy volunteers gave consent for the study. Serum BDNF levels were assayed by using the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method on morning serum samples before starting treatment. These were compared between patients and controls using independent sample t-test. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess the association between baseline BDNF and Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS). Results: Serum BDNF was significantly lower in patients with depression (mean±standard deviation (SD)=18.59±4.9 ng/ml) than in healthy volunteers (mean±SD=23.6±5.6 ng/ml; P=0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between the HDRS total scores and BDNF levels (P=0.04), indicating that more severely depressed patients had lower BDNF scores. Conclusions: Serum BDNF level is lower in non-suicidal out-patients with depression. The inverse correlation between ratings of depression and BDNF levels suggests possible relationship between depression, (role of illness on) BDNF levels and neuroplasticity thereof.


The effects of focused-ion-beam-induced damage on electrical properties of n-type Si are investigated by Schottky contacts. Crystalline Si is exposed to 10–30keV focused ion beam (FIB), followed by Pt deposition under vacuum of 4×10−4Pa. From current-voltage-temperature measurements, barrier heights of the Schottky contacts are found to increase almost linearly as the FIB energy increases, with the maximum increment of 0.29eV. The increase is suggested to be related to the arising of acceptorlike defects and an amorphous layer due to FIB damages. A theoretical model is set up to quantitatively describe the barrier height changes.


In order to produce any product with desired quality by machining , proper selection of parameter is essential surface an indicator of surface quality is one of the prime customer requirement for machined parts. In this paper Taguchi parameter optimization methodology is applied to optimize cutting parameter as speed, feed and coolant flow for medium carbon steel SAE1541 using regression analysis method. The surface roughness were selected as the quality targets.In this paper two level three factors have selected. The result analysis show that feed rate and cutting speed have present significant contribution on the surface roughness and coolant flow rate have less significant contribution on surface roughness.


In this paper,plant growth and photosynthetic characteristics in leaves of flue-cured tobacco grown in continuous cropping soil for 2 and 5 years were investigated.The results showed that 2-years continuous cropping did not affect plant growth and photosynthetic characteristics in the leaves of flue-cured tobacco,but 5-years continuous cropping limited plant growth and photosynthetic capacity.The chlorophyll content in leaves of flue-cured tobacco grown in 5-years continuous cropping soil significantly reduced.The net photosynthetic rates(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr) and stomatal conductance(Gs) in leaves of flue-cured tobacco for 5-years continuous cropping decreased,but intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci) changed little.The apparent quantum yield(AQY),light saturation point(LSP),photosynthetic rate saturated light(Pmax),carbolyation efficiency(CE),CO2 saturation point(CSP) and photosynthetic rate at saturated CO2(Jmax) in leaves of tobacco decreased,and CO2 compensation point(CCP) and light compensation points(LCP) increased significantly for 5-years continuous cropping.It suggested that continuous cropping significantly decreased light and CO2 utilization in leaves of tobacco,and the decrease of photosynthetic capacity under 5-years continuous cropping was not only caused by stomatal factors,but also utilization ability of CO2 in mesophyll tissue.


A twin screw extruders method which was used to produce ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and compatibilizing-modified polyamide plastic ALY with UHMWPE and acrylic acid grafted as reactants was introduced.Through the study of the properties of the plastic alloy,the improvement of the properties of the plastic alloy depends largely on the interface structure and the compatibilizing degree of UHMWPE and polyamide were found.Due to the similarity of structure between the main chain of solubilizing agent and UHMWPE,the active group of acrylic acid grafted reacted with amidocyanogen of polyamide,which made impossible the improvement of polyamide plastic alloy's mechanical property,impact properties,crystallization behavior,frictional properties and water absorption rate,heat deflection temperature,and friction and wear behavior.


South Africa's extensive rail network, which in the past provided an effective transportation link between most of its towns and cities, has contributed significantly towards the economic development of more remote regions in the country. Unfortunately during the past three decades, mainly due to competition from road transport, the majority of branchand narrow gauge lines serving rural communities have been abandoned.


At ARVO 1992, we reported that when detection thresholds for luminance and red–green chromatic spots are expressed in cone contrast energy (the space–time integral of the squared contrast produced in either the L or M cones), sensitivity for the optimal chromatic spot was 5–8× higher than for the optimal luminance spot. For an ideal observer of chromatic signals, the noise level in P ganglion cells would not be limiting, suggesting that limits are imposed at subsequent stages. The large chromatic sensitivity advantage could result from (a) lower detection uncertainty in the red–green mechanism; (b) common mode rejection (removal of correlated noise) in the opponent pathway; (c) reductions in luminance gain, relative to chromatic gain, at cortical levels; or (d) greater spatial and temporal integration in the chromatic pathway.


Rulka-Hathaway Kathleen M.. The purpose of this critical review of published works is to attempt to gather support for the researcher's argument for the introduction of moral language into the forum of Marriage and Family Therapy. This introduction would encompass establishing a common vocabulary with clear definitions, and heightening awareness of the concepts of examining motives, considering alternative choices, and looking at consequences. It is posited that Marriage and Family Therapists (MFTs) can facilitate moral discussion and ethical decision-making within the context of relationships, enhancing therapy by clarifying the need for familial and social obligation based upon the basic principle of respect for persons. Furthermore, this review will convey the essential nature of moral intervention through promoting the internalization of moral reasoning within one's self, ii and the promotion of moral discussion within systems such as families, social groups, organizations, and society itself. Moral discussion, the examination of motives, the concept of choice, and awareness of consequences benefit individuals within the multiplicity of systems one lives in. By recognizing the necessary interdependence of humans on various levels of interaction, and the need for fairness in order to live moral lives, an opportunity for empathy is established. This in turn may further promote an awareness of the other, and the necessity of personal responsibility in the establishment of values and moral choice. The empathy considered is also that offered by the therapist for the clients so as to uphold the morale of members as they begin to question the meaning of their lives and the consequences of prior belief systems and established behavior patterns. Often this process will necessitate addressing the concept of forgiveness for self, and the other. The researcher convincingly argues that moral discussion, if introduced insightfully and respectfully, will benefit the multiplicity of systems that exist not only within families, but on a broader social level as well. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS


A one year faunistic study was carried out in Minab area, starting January 1982, to investigate the possible hazards of the newly constructed Minab Dam in increasing the mosquito transmitted diseases. In view of this, a baseline data was gathered by sampling 4th instar mosquito larvae from different kinds of breeding sites, present in Minab area as well as the 4 districts surrounding it. In this program total of 4000 mosquito larvae, from 164 breeding sites, representing 17 species in 4 genera, were collected. Among these species, there were not only those which are of great nuisance due to their biting activity but as well as species which are of great medical and veterinary importance due to their ability to transmit pathogens. The presence of important malaria vector such as Anopheles stephensi, An. dthali, An.superpictus An. Fluviatilis in this area where malaria is still the major public health problem, is of great importance. Also presence of species such as Culex univittatus, Cx. bitaenior hynchus, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Aedes caspius can have great consequences due to their role in transmitting arboviriuses present in the area or those brought in by migrating birds, flying from Africa. As a result, any kind of change in species composition, population density, spatial distribution, and mosquito behavior taking place due to the construction and utilization of the Minab Dam can have a major health impact on the human population living in that area and only well planned studies, preferably started before utilization of the Dam, would prevent the possible health hazards associated with it.


A manganite matrix-based composite series, (1 − x)La0.67Ca0.33MnO3(LCMO) − (x)SrTiO3 (STO), has been prepared by the solid state route. Influence of STO phase on structural and magneto-transport properties of LCMO phase has been investigated. By X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform of infrared spectroscopy, we find that there is no interdiffusion between the LCMO and STO phases. Measurements of resistivity on these samples reveal that the parent sample shows a distinct metal–insulator (M–I) transition of intrinsic type at a temperature close to the Curie temperature, whereas composite samples show two possible transitions, intrinsic as well as extrinsic. The series exhibits a conduction threshold at x = x m ∼ 20%, up to which extrinsic M–I transition temperature decreases along with an increase in extrinsic magnetoresistance; whereas, above x m these trends of variation are reversed.


Lacking of the thanksgiving consciousness has become the common question to college students,which attracts attention from society and will influence the harmonious development of university.Firstly,this essay will talk about why the thanksgiving education to the university students should be strengthened based on the influence of lacking thansgiving to friends,teachers,university,family and nation on the harmonious development of university.Secondly,this essay will provide some detailed ways and countermeasures concerning the thanksgiving education in university.


The National Furniture Center has evaluated present Federal Aviation Administration traffic controllers' chairs to determine reaction to chairs presently used and determine whether or not new chairs and/or new features are needed. To formulate the questions and questionnaire format, the services of a major market research organization were retained. This paper will present the preliminary results of the first stage of evaluation.


The invention discloses an identification method and device of license plate types and solves the problems of low precision and bad accuracy of the prior art during identifying the license plate types. The identification method comprises the following steps: in a positioned candidate region of a positioned license plate, converting an RGB (red, green, blue) color space corresponding to the region to an HSL (hue, saturation, brightness) color space, determining a license plate large class of a license plate according to a set corresponding color threshold of each license plate large class in the HSL color space, dividing characters according to a template, namely the candidate region of the license plate corresponding to each license plate type in each license plate large class, and determining the license plate type of the license plate according to a matching distance among the characters and the template. By utilizing the identification method, the type of the license plate is determined by the corresponding color of the license plate in the HSL color space and the matching distance between the license plate and the license plate template so that the accuracy of the determined license plate types can be ensured.


The field of pattern mining has emerged to discover potentially useful hidden knowledge (information or patterns) from the voluminous data. The rapid development of data acquisition technologies like sensors contributes to the generation of massive spatial trajectory data from the users using a global positioning system in their mobile phones, cars, watches, and others. The trajectory of the user is defined as the sequence of locations of the user during the transit. Mining patterns from the user trajectory data is an active research area. Research efforts are being made to propose approaches to process user trajectory data and propose approaches for better travel path identification, transportation management, user-activity recognition. The Google Maps system is one of the useful application that exploits user trajectory data. In this thesis, we proposed a pattern mining based framework for computing the popular paths by analyzing the user trajectory data. Furthermore, we proposed a pattern mining framework to allocate the advertisements in billboards with the goal of improving the revenue of the billboard operator. First, we investigated the problem of finding the paths based on user preferences, which we designate as popular paths. Such user preferences may include roads with relatively high thoroughfare (i.e., better for safety), smoother roads with better infrastructure (e.g., fewer potholes), roads with more facilities or points of interest nearby, lighted roads as opposed to dark and unsafe streets, roads with relatively lower crime rates, roads with better scenic beauty and so on. In practice, given that users naturally follow some of these paths significantly more as compared to other paths, the popularity of a given path often reflects such user preferences. Moreover, users typically prefer diverse paths over similar paths for gaining flexibility in path selection. Given a set of user traversals in a road network and a set of paths between a given source and destination pair, we address the problem of performing top-k ranking of the paths based on both path popularity and path diversity. We proposed a model to compute the popularity score of the given path. Given a road network, a set of user traversals, and the source and destination pair, we have proposed an efficient framework by extending the transactional framework and frequent pattern mining technique for computing the popularity score of the given path between the source and destination pair. We conducted an extensive performance evaluation with two real datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Second, we have proposed an efficient framework to improve the billboard operator's revenue in the billboard advertisement scenario based on the user traversal data. A billboard operator manages the ad slots of a set of billboards. Normally, a user traversal is exposed to multiple billboards. It is possible to


USBM #58416; Dumping cars at 26th level station (Note hinged section of track removed while dumping). Kearsarge No. 4 Mine, Calumet & Hecla Consolidated Copper Company, Calumet, Houghton County, Michigan. Jan. 1945 / M.S.P.


This qualitative study provides an understanding about undergraduate students' information literacy experience during their involvement with distance learning in an Indonesian university. Findings present evidence to inform the development of the distance learning process in Indonesia and informed learning responses that enhance the learning of undergraduate students. A total of 17 undergraduate students were interviewed using a semi-structured interview technique. The data collected were analyzed using thematic analysis, revealing four themes related to students' information literacy experience during distance learning, namely, understanding distance learning, platform literacy, learning strategy, and learning resources. Findings can inform the development of informed learning responses to enhance the transition of undergraduate students into distance learning during a pandemic situation. These results may also be of benefit to teaching faculties for enhancing teaching and learning activities and to provide support for students.


Let H he a quasi-Hopf algebra,A be an H-module algebra and F∈H■ H he a gauge transformation.In this paper,an algebra isomorphism A#H≌A__(F~(-1))#H_F,a necessary and sufficient condition for M to be a right A#H-module,isomorphisms of categories _(A,H)M≌A_(F~(-1)),_(H_F)M and _HM_A≌H_FM_(A_(F-1)) are given.


The theory of program modules is of interest to language designers not only for its practical importance to programming, but also because it lies at the nexus of three fundamental concerns in language design:
 the phase distinction
 ,
 computational effects
 , and
 type abstraction
 . We contribute a fresh "synthetic" take on program modules that treats modules as the fundamental constructs, in which the usual suspects of prior module calculi (kinds, constructors, dynamic programs) are rendered as derived notions in terms of a modal type-theoretic account of the phase distinction. We simplify the account of type abstraction (embodied in the generativity of module functors) through a
 lax modality
 that encapsulates computational effects, placing
 projectibility
 of module expressions on a type-theoretic basis.

 Our main result is a (significant) proof-relevant and phase-sensitive generalization of the Reynolds abstraction theorem for a calculus of program modules, based on a new kind of logical relation called a
 parametricity structure
 . Parametricity structures generalize the proof-irrelevant relations of classical parametricity to proof-
 relevant
 families, where there may be non-trivial evidence witnessing the relatedness of two programs—simplifying the metatheory of strong sums over the collection of types, for although there can be no "relation classifying relations," one easily accommodates a "family classifying small families."

 Using the insight that logical relations/parametricity is
 itself
 a form of phase distinction between the syntactic and the semantic, we contribute a new synthetic approach to phase separated parametricity based on the slogan
 logical relations as types
 , by iterating our modal account of the phase distinction. We axiomatize a dependent type theory of parametricity structures using two pairs of complementary modalities (syntactic, semantic) and (static, dynamic), substantiated using the topos theoretic
 Artin gluing
 construction. Then, to construct a simulation between two implementations of an abstract type, one simply programs a third implementation whose type component carries the representation invariant.


Experimental results from nonfission reactions, induced by protons with energies of 1 GeV or more, were analyzed by simple nuclear-reaction models. A set of parameters, described in the preceding paper, was obtained from this analysis for the purpose of studying the systematics of nuclear recoil in these reactions. Spallation reactions were assumed to occur in two steps: an initial fast process in which momentum is transferred to the struck nucleus in the forward direction, followed by an isotropic random-walk process. In another possible type of reaction--fragmentation--the observed nucleus is formed in a single fast event, corresponding to the first step of a spallation reaction. Since a model for determining the parameters of a fragmentation reaction from the experimental data was lacking, all of the results were analyzed by the two-step model. The parameters were divided into three groups. The first two sets of parameters correspond to the two steps described above, and the third is based on an overall energy inventory of each reaction. The general properties of the reactions studied are indicated by the systematics of these parameters. Criteria are presented for distinguishing between spallation, fragmentation, and fission. More detailed information about possible mechanisms for specific reactions is given.


A new public-domain simulator (SEQUEL) for power electronic circuits is described. The organization of the simulator is briefly discussed. The most important feature of the simulator is that the user can define new elements in a flexible manner. The differences between the new simulator and other simulators are enumerated. Some simulation examples are discussed to demonstrate the applications of the simulator. It is pointed out that the new simulator is particularly attractive for engineering institutes in developing countries where access to expensive commercial packages with similar capabilities may be difficult.


A fuzzy controller has been designed and implemented to enhance the overall power system stability. To achieve good damping characteristics over a wide range of operating conditions, speed deviation and acceleration of a synchronous generator are chosen as the input signals to the fuzzy controller. The stabilizing signal is determined according to the nonlinear fuzzy membership functions depending on the speed and acceleration states of the generator. The design and digital simulation studies are carried out on a one-machine infinite bus power system. The design is implemented on a 5 kVA generator in the Power System Laboratory with an IBM-486 computer associated with A/D and D/A converter acting as the real time controller. The implementation study is carried out on both single-machine and two-machine infinite bus power systems respectively. Studies of simulation and implementation show that the proposed fuzzy controller is very effective.<<ETX>>


Although it has never been reported that Bacillus subtilis is capable of accumulating glycogen, we have isolated a region from the chromosome of B. subtilis containing a glycogen operon. The operon is located directly downstream from trnB, which maps at 275 on the B. subtilis chromosome, it encodes five poly‐peptides with extensive similarity to enzymes involved in glycogen and starch metabolism in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The operon is presumably expressed by an EσE‐controlled promoter, which was previously identified downstream from trnB. We have observed glycogen biosynthesis in B. subtilis exclusively on media containing carbon sources that allow efficient sporulation. Sporulation‐independent synthesis of glycogen occurred after integration of an EσA controlled promoter upstream of the operon.


Neutrophils—discovered by Elie Metchnikoff in the late 19th century—are the most abundant leukocyte population in circulation and play a crucial role in the innate immune system. With one of the shortest life spans of any cell type in mammals (4–18 h in the blood), neutrophils rely on constant replenishment from the bone marrow. This has largely prevented studying the role of human neutrophils in early inflammatory responses. To address this challenge, Flavell and colleagues generated a humanized mouse model capable of supporting human myelopoiesis, including the generation of neutrophils, following transplantation of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) (1).


Objectives This study aimed to assess the predictive value of the Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) and Revised Trauma Score (RTS) for emergency trauma patients who died within 24 hours. Design A retrospective, single-centred study. Setting This study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Southern China. Participants A total of 1739 patients with acute trauma, aged 16 years or older who presented to the emergency department from 1 November 2016 to 30 November 2019, were included. Interventions none None. Outcome 24-hour mortality was the primary outcome of trauma. Results 1739 patients were divided into the survival group (1709 patients,98.27%), and the non-survival group (30 patients,1.73%). Crude OR and adjusted OR of MEWS were 1.99, 95% CI (1.73 to 2.29), and 2.00, 95% CI (1.74 to 2.31), p<0.001, respectively. Crude OR and adjusted OR of RTS were 0.62, 95% CI (0.55 to 0.69) and 0.61, 95% CI (0.55 to 0.68), p<0.001, respectively. The area under the curve of MEWS was significantly higher than that of RTS (p=0.005): 0.927, 95% CI (0.914 to 0.939) vs 0.799, 95% CI (0.779 to 0.817). Conclusions Both MEWS and RTS were independent predictors of the short-term prognosis in emergency trauma patients, MEWS had better predictive efficacy.


In this work, a blind watermarking framework for medical images based on Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DTCWT) and Non-subsampled Contourlet Transform (NSCT) is proposed. The core idea of this technique is to embed the watermark in the appropriate NSCT sub-band obtained by decomposing the cover image low coefficients purchased from the DTCWT standing on a quantization embedding function, the extraction phase is done without the requirement of the original cover image, what makes it a fully blind process. As clarity and integrity of the retrieved watermark are mandatory, a series of tests were exerted to affirm the robustness of the proposed scheme. The effectiveness of the watermarking is validated by using the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and the structural similarity index measure (SSIM) through experiments. Simulation results demonstrate the invisibility of the proposed method and its strong robustness against various attacks, including additive noise, image filtering, JPEG compression, amplitude scaling, rotation attack, and combinational attack. Furthermore, the method in hands outperformance within the quantitative comparisons with other techniques in the literature in terms of rapid execution time, and quality extraction of hidden information, and appropriateness to be integrated for secure exchange in the healthcare sector.


This study was aimed to determine the mathematical representation ability of students at the level of junior high school class IX. The subjects in this study were students of class IX B in one of the junior high schools in Klari District, Karawang Regency who were randomly selected with a total of 25 students. The method applied in this research is descriptive qualitative. The instrument in this research is by testing the ability of mathematical representation of the material of a two-variable linear equation system as many as 3 description questions. The data analysis technique used in the study consisted of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results of this study indicate that the mathematical representation ability of class IX B students at the school on the material of a two-variable linear equation system is in the low category.


A retrofit lube oil injection system is designed with the capability of injecting oil through two lube ports on each cylinder at any time during the engine cycle. The system is installed and tested on a Cooper-Bessemer GMV4 engine. Variations in number of skip cycles, average lube rate, and injection timing are evaluated. Lube oil carry-over is quantified using a dilution tunnel and a standard particulate matter gravimetric measurement technique. Cylinder wall lubrication is quantified using a custom designed fixture that is inserted into the fuel valve port between data points when the engine is shut down. The best lube oil carry-over results for nominal lube rate are obtained by injecting every fourth cycle and injection timing roughly corresponding to the time the piston rings pass the lube ports during expansion.


Virtual Private Network(VPN) is an important technique transfer private information under public networks. It can set up a temporary but safe connection to a public network (normally an internet) by data packing and encrypted transferring, and then achieve the aim of transferring private information on public network. Recently, two technologies are mainly used by enterprise to set up internal VPN: IPSec VPN and SSL VPN. This paper introduces the concept of IPSec technique and describes IPSec protocol architecture, communication steps, and finally discusses implementation of VPN based on IPSec by Openswan in detail.


It is stated that the application of object management,fishbone diagram,ABC classification management tool are the most effective methods to reduce the inventory in the paper.


The Lumbriculidae thus far recorded from North America are de- scribed and a key for their identification is provided. Preliminary notes for a revision of the Aeolosomatidae and Haplotaxidae are presented, together with the descriptions of species in the Naididae and Tubificidae recorded since the publication of Parts I and II of this study. Some amendments to the earlier descriptions are given. This third and final communication in the current series covers more ground than either of the first two, but two of the families, the Aeoloso- matidae and the Haplotaxidae, are only considered superficially because of the lack of North American records, and the need for a revision of the sys- tematics of the former. A systematic revision of the family Haplotaxidae is currently in hand, and will be published elsewhere. Notes on the Opistocystidae and Naididae are intended to bring the previous account up to date. A series of new records and new species of North American Tubificidae similarly extend the account published in the second part of this series. The chief purpose of this work is to present the first comprehensive re- vision of the Lumbriculidae, a family which has received more attention than most of the other aquatic Oligochaeta in the older North American Liter- ature, but which is currently even less well-known than the Naididae and Tubificidae. All new specific names and emmendations of definitions within the Lumbriculidae proposed in this paper should be attributed to the junior author, Mr. David G. Cook, who is undertaking a detailed study of the family and has the final responsibility for the opinions expressed herein. The citations of references and synonomies in this communication follow the pattern established in the earlier parts of this series. The synonomies refer only to papers describing North American material, the full synonomies being available in the systematic revisions of the various families. The de- scriptions are followed by a list of states from which the species were formerly recorded, details being available in the papers cited in the synonomy. These are followed by the newly reported localities, given in as much detail as is available to the authors.


In the context of the Internet of Things, LoRa is an important standard for low-power wide area sensor networks. LoRa communication employs chirp spread spectrum modulation in sub-GHz frequency bands, combining the benefits of both to enable low-power kilometer-range wireless data communication. LoRa modulation provides a high link budget and additionally, sub-GHz bands possess excellent radio propagation characteristics. A LoRa transceiver was integrated onto a textile substrate-integrated-waveguide antenna in order to set up long-range body-to-body communication links. The unit is a fully autonomous wearable wireless sensor node, including a transceiver, processor, sensors, flash memory and a low profile battery, all integrated on the feed plane of a textile antenna. The design and characteristics of the unit are described, including radiation patterns of the fully assembled unit. Finally, an outdoor long-range performance test is performed as a proof of concept. Communication was reliable for a range over 500 m and over 200 m with the antennas pointed towards and away from each other, respectively. In static conditions, a range of 1.44 km was observed.


ABSTRACT Institutional, particularly college and university, food service operators are facing a dynamic and uncertain environment. Changes in the political, economica), technological and cultural base of America has forced operators to reconsider and adjust competitive methods. This article focuses on forces driving change and the subsequent adjustments taking place in the university food service sector and reviews up and coming trends.


Water scarcity is one the key constraints in agriculture due to climate change. Drought spells are expected to increase throughout the world. Crop growth and final yield are negatively affected by the decline in water availability. An experiment was conducted at Ukulinga Research Farm to evaluate water use efficiency (WUE) of maize and various legumes in an intercropping system. The experiment was arranged in a randomised complete block design, with three replicates. The treatments were maize intercropped with bambara groundnut, cowpea, pigeon pea and tepary beans. Data was collected at a 14-day interval on all parameters measured (water use efficiency, transpiration, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and soil moisture). Water use efficiency, stomatal conductance, transpiration and photosynthesis were measured on the second new fully expanded leaf. A significance difference (P < 0.05) was observed between intercropping treatment means with regard to stomatal conductance and transpiration. Stomatal conductance of pigeon pea (0.42 mol H2O m -2 S) was greater than pigeon pea intercrop (0.18 mol H2O m -2 S). Monocrops of pigeon pea (18.32 mol H2O m -2 S), cowpea (9.24 mol H2O m -2 S) and tepary beans (7.94 mol H2O m -2 S) had a high transpiration rate compared to their intercrops. There was a significance difference (P < 0.05) between cropping systems treatment means with regards to WUE. Water use efficiency of maize-tepary beans (1.24 μmol CO2 mol -1 H2O) intercrop was the highest across all cropping system. In pigeon pea and cowpea cropping systems, the stomatal conductance was accompanied by a decline in transpiration rate and an increase in photosynthesis. This translated to an increased WUE of these legumes. Crop agronomic variation observed in the current study is important for plant breeding purposes and requires further research.


We provide simpler proofs of several boundedness theorems, contained in in articles [2], [3], for log surfaces of general type with semi log canonical singularities. At the same time, we make these proofs e ective, with explicit upper bounds.


: Among heterostructures involving oxides or topological insulator thin films, intensive debates circling the origins of hump-shape unconventional Hall Effects have emerged, with numerous magnetic imaging observations suggesting different interpretations. In general, confusion arose since the Hall-humps can be produced by either two overlapping loops of the Karplus-Luttinger mechanism corresponding to inhomogeneous collinear magnetic domains with perpendicular anisotropy, or the topological Hall Effect associated with Skyrmion-like magnetic textures with a net scalar spin chirality. In this work, using several heterostructures characterized by magnetic field rotation, we classified the crossover between the two origins of Hall-humps using a divergence exponent of peak field. For the former origin, the role of in-plane field is understood to be spin-orbit torque driving domain expansion, while for the latter it is the destruction of 3 q spin-wave superposition of Skyrmion-lattice from Ginzburg-Landau theory. We also obtained a linear scaling of the divergence exponent with domain wall energy among various material systems.


In this paper, we prove that the homeomorphism group, H(M), of a compact Q-manifold is an ANR. Results of Geoghegan and Torunczyk then show that H(M) is an 12-manif old. As by-products of the proof, we obtain a CE approximation theorem for 12-manifolds, a Vietoris theorem for simple homotopy theory (generalizing the result that a CE map between complexes is simple), and a proof that the nerve of a suitably nice open cover of a complex is simple homotopy equivalent to the complex.


This study describes the wood and bark of Prockia crucis L. , Flacourtiaceae. Aside from quantitative and histometric data about the secondary xylem, illustrations of wood and bark are furnished. The wood of Prockia crucis presents characteristic features, conforming to the typical structure of the Flacourtiaceae family. Very tenuous spiral thickenings in vessel walls, as wall as the occasional presence of calcium oxalate chambered crystals in fibers were observed for the first time in the genus Prockia . The presence of sclerenchymatous elements, such as fibers, sclereids and crystalliferous sclerotic cells with calcium oxalate, monocrystals, macles and druses, was observed in the pholoem.


Objective Understanding of the nursing profession by the degree of love and development prospects,In order to consolidate stability and promote the professional development of professional countermeasures.Methods Starting point for the middle school of 198 college students were open-ended test,Using χ2 tests,analysis of the differences in the distribution of various factors between men and women.And findings and the existence of comprehensive analysis of social phenomena.Results Male and female nursing students in career choices did not differ(P0.05),most of the students is based on the employment pressure and the practicality of the nursing profession to choose this profession,people love the profession less than 8%,vocational complained prevalent in the industry.Conclusion School response to nursing students have asked students to choose:Have a basic understanding of the professional and popular culture have a better quality as well as a sense of pride in vocational education students.


The importance of information security education, information security training, and information security awareness in organisations cannot be overemphasised. This paper presents working definitions for information security education, information security training and information security awareness. An investigation to determine if any differences exist between information security education, information security training and information security awareness was conducted. This was done to help institutions understand when they need to train or educate employees and when to introduce information security awareness programmes. A conceptual analysis based on the existing literature was used for proposing working definitions, which can be used as a reference point for future information security researchers. Three important attributes (namely focus, purpose and method) were identified as the distinguishing characteristics of information security education, information security training and information security awareness. It was found that these information security concepts are different in terms of their focus, purpose and methods of delivery.


RF-based positioning is the most popular positioning technology for indoor environments due to the wide deployment of WLAN. However, RF-based solutions suffer from the drifting problem. In this work, an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) based Pedestrian Trajectory System (abbreviated as PTS) that can assist in alleviating the drifting problem is proposed to depict pedestrian trajectories. The proposed system is composed of Stepping Aware Module (SAM), Stride Length Module (SLM) and Walking Direction Module (WDM). Based on the information obtained from the three modules including the stride length and walking direction of each step, the pedestrian trajectory can be depicted by dead reckoning. Since smart phones are the target platform of the application, energy consumption is an important consideration. To understand the energy consumption of the built-in IMU, the energy consumption of various embedded subsystems of smart phones including the GPS, WiFi, 3G, Bluetooth and IMU is measured. Compared to other subsystems, the energy consumption of the IMU subsystem should not be ignorable. Since the sampling rate of the IMU is a major factor affecting the energy consumption, we implement the proposed PTS under a lower sampling rate 20 Hz instead of 40 Hz. Our experiment results show that there is no significant performance difference between sampling rate 20 Hz and 40 Hz. By this means, the lifetime of the smart phones between each charge can be prolonged.


Objective: To determine if multiparity is a risk factor associated with
placental retention in pregnant women of the Belen Hospital of Trujillo.

Material and Methods: An analytical, observational, retrospective, case
and control study was carried out. The study population consisted of 136
pregnant women; which were divided into 2 groups: with or without
placental retention; the odds ratio and the chi square test were calculated.

Results: No significant differences were observed in relation to the
variables of maternal age, gestational age and origin among patients with
or without retained placental. The frequency of multiparity in pregnant
women with placental retention was 18/68 = 26%. The frequency of
multiparity in pregnant women without placental retention was 8/68 =
13%. Multiparity is a risk factor for placental retention in pregnant women
with an odds ratio of 2.7 which was significant (p <0.05).

Conclusions: Multiparity is a risk factor associated with placental
retention in pregnant women at the Belen Hospital of Trujillo.


Abstract We examined earlier oral narrative and decoding and later reading in two samples spanning the first four years of reading instruction. The Year 1 sample (n = 44) was initially assessed after one year of instruction (M = 6; 1 years) and followed through their third year (M = 8; 1 years); the Year 2 sample (n = 34) assessed after two years of instruction (M = 7; 0 years) and followed to their fourth year (M = 9; 0 years). Oral narrative and decoding were assessed initially, oral reading, retell, and maze fluency, plus reading age, obtained at outcome. For the Year 2 sample, oral narrative and decoding contributed to oral reading and comprehension two years later. For the Year 1 sample, decoding contributed to most reading outcomes, with narrative quality uniquely predicting Year 3 retell fluency. Post-hoc exploratory analyses suggest story memory indirectly contributed to Year 3 reading via Year 2 retell.


We report an early result from the ICARUS experiment on the search for a νµ→νe signal due to the LSND anomaly. The search was performed with the ICARUS T600 detector located at the Gran Sasso Laboratory, receiving CNGS neutrinos from CERN at an average energy of about 20 GeV, at a distance to source of about 730 km. At the L/E ν = 36.5 m/MeV of the ICARUS experiment the LSND anomaly would manifest as an excess of νe events, characterized by a fast energy oscillation averaging approximately to sin 2 (1.27 ∆m 2 new L/E ν) ≈ 1/2 with probability Pνµ →νe = 1/2sin 2 (2θnew ). The present analysis is based on 1091 neutrino e vents, which are about 50% of the ICARUS data collected in 2010‐2011. Two clear νe events have been found, compared with the expectation of 3 .7±0.6 events from conventional sources. Within the rang e of observations, this result is compatible with the ab sence of a LSND anomaly. At 90% and 99% confidence levels the limits of 3.4 and 7.3 events, corresponding to oscillation probabilities 〈Pνµ →νe〉 ≤ 5.4◊10


Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of iliotibial band friction syndrome (ITBFS) and its association with patellar height and facet shape variations. Patients and Methods: Forty-one knees of 32 patients (14 female, 18 male) referred from the orthopedic surgery outpatient clinics with the MRI diagnosis of ITBFS composed the study group. Thirty two knees of 29 patients (13 female, 16 male) with MRI records without any radiologic findings of knee pathology were chosen as the control group. All of the patients were evaluated by MRI, including the assessments of patellar length ratios according to Insall-Salvati method and patellar facet variations according to Wiberg's classification. Results: According to Wiberg's classification, nine knees (21.9%) had type I, 20 (48.8%) had type II, and 12 (29.3%) had type III shape of patella in the study group. Wiberg type I and type III patella ratio in the IBFS group was higher than the control group (P < 0.001, and P = 0.003, respectively). Wiberg type II patella ratio in the IBFS group was lower than the control group (P = 0.006). Ten knees (24.3%) had patella alta and the remaining 31 had patella norma (75.7%) in the study group. The frequency of patella alta was significantly higher in the study group in comparison with the controls (P = 0.002). Conclusion: ITBFS can easily be diagnosed by MRI and it is more likely associated with patella alta and type I and III patella according to Wiberg's classification.


Objective To investigate the influence of hyperlipidemia serum with different concentrations on glycosylated serum protein(GSP) detection and its treatment.Methods Serum samples were obtained from healthy male New Zealand white rabbits,using fat milk to mimic different concentrations of hyperlipidemia serum.Glycosylated serum protein(GSP) was detected by fructosamine assay.Results The values of GSP were significantly affected by the hyperlipidemia serum with the concentration above 5 mL·L-1.Hypolipaemia serum(≤10 mL·L-1) diluted by 4 fold volume of normal saline and hyperlipidemia serum(≥20 mL·L-1) diluted by geometric volume of 200 g·L-1 polyethyleneglycal(PEG) 6000 could improve the accuracy of GSP detection.Conclusion The serum containing high fat could influence the values of GSP detection.Sample pretreated with normal saline or 200 g·L-1 PEG could increase the accuracy of GSP detection.


The integration of Information and Communication Technologies is an essential for success of tourism enterprise. ICT enables individuals to access inf


Abstract: This is the first academic study to attempt to understand more about the men and women who make key decisions in television newsrooms across Canada. The authors surveyed all television news directors across the country. The research reveals that, unlike in the United States, the voting patterns of news directors mirror those of the general Canadian population. It reveals that news directors are more secular than those in the general population. The research also uncovered significant demographic differences between CBC and private sector news directors. Finally, it suggests that women and ethnic minorities are dramatically underrepresented in senior positions.


Objective:To observe the effects of Yishen Tongbi Prescription on contents of MDA,NO,T-SOD and E2 in rat serum of kidney deficiency with knee osteoarthritis.Methods:Rat model of kidney deficiency with knee osteoarthritis was established and randomly divided into model group,sham-operation group,Yishen Tongbi Prescription groups(low,medium and high dosages),and glucosamine hydrochloride tablet group.Rats in modelogroup and sham-operation group received gastric administration of normal saline,while rates in treatment groups received the corresponding drugs.One months later,blood samples were obtained through abdominal aorta for detection of MDA,NO,T-SOD and E2 levels.Results:Compared to model group and sham-operation group,the serum levels of MDA and NO were lower in Yishen Tongbi Prescription groups and glucosamine hydrochloride tablet group,while the levels of T-SOD and E2 were increased(P0.05).The most obvious effect was shown in medium dosage of Yishen Tongbi Prescription group compared to other groups(P0.01).Conclusion:Yishen Tongbi Prescription can reduce serum levels of MDA and NO in rats of kidney deficiency with knee osteoarthritis,increase that of T-SOD and E2,remove oxygen free radicals,and reduce lipid peroxidation degree,so as to protect the articular cartilage and prevent knee osteoarthritis.


Providing an electric assist retractable vehicle pedal system and method. The pedal system is configured to be mounted (e.g., sale and installation) of the vehicle and used together on the vehicle. The system may include a foot member, the foot member relative to the vehicle may be movable between a retracted position and a deployed position. The system may further include a vehicle interface, the vehicle communication interface is configured conventional electronic communication bus of the vehicle, such as the connection to communicate with the vehicle electronic device according to the prior port. The pedal system controller may be configured to interface to receive information from the vehicle treatment, at least in part on the processing of the information, so that the foot member in the retracted position and the deployed movable between positions.


This letter presents a wideband planar multiple‐functional balun which simultaneously has balun and filtering response. By utilizing the geometrical symmetry character of substrate integrated waveguide bandpass filter, a wideband balun is developed with high selectivity. Multiple slots are etched on the bottom and top layers to improve the isolation performance of the proposed balun. As demonstrations, an X‐band filtering balun is designed and verified by experiments. Good agreements are obtained between simulated and measured results, which show that the measured filtering balun has an operation bandwidth from 8.7 to 11.7 GHz, that is, around 30.27% fractional bandwidth, a maximum 5.6 degree output phase imbalance, and a small insertion loss of 4.1 dB at center frequency of 10.2 GHz. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1107–1110, 2015


The study was designed to evaluate a physical model performance of a cow-calf operation system for the semi-arid region, in Brazil. Native pastures (caatinga) were grazed during the rainy season and buffel grass pastures over the rest of the year. Leucaena supplementation, under rotational grazing and as hay, was provided during the dry season. Performance parameters, monitored from November 1991 to October 1995, showed a 72.8% annual calving rate and a very low mortality rate. Weaning weights of calves averaged 153.4 kg at 205 days. Production of calf weaned was 109.5 kg/cow run/year and 25.5 kg/ha/year. Performance data can be concluded to be very promising if considered that above half the total area was covered by native pastures and that leucaena hay supplementation was strongly limited by occurrence of a severe drought period.


The purpose of the study is to secure facts pertaining to the subject that are in use at the present time throughout the chosen area. After analyzing the findings of the study and studying the literature, recommendations have been made.


Since the sustainable development is one of the primary themes of human beings in the 21st century,it should be taken into account not only the traffic demand but also the social economy,the environment and the resources in the forecast of traffic by mode.Based on this idea,a macroscopical optimizing model of urban passenger traffic assignment is brought forward based upon the sustainable development in this paper.After processing the macroscopical control,a forecasting model of urban passenger traffic which sufficiently considers many influencing factors is found on the ground of distance diversion curve.At last,the model is validated by an example.


Adhatoda vasica (L.) (Acanthaceae) has vital medicinal roles, and it is widely used in the indigenous medicine system in India. One of the important goals of the present study is to make report on the phytochemical and different in-vitro/in-vivo pharmacological activity of plant Adhatoda vasica. This study will help to find specific bioactive compounds of vasaka, and their suitable use for human welfare. The bioactive compound vasicine have been isolated from alcoholic extract of vasica leaves using column chromatography. In this review article covered all the reported pharmacological activities of vasaka plant, and their chemical constituents. In-addition; chemical constituents of vasaka has been found active against many diseases such as antimicrobial activity, hepatoprotective, antitussive, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antiulcer, anti-urolithiatic, abortifacient, thrombolytic, radio modulator, cardiovascular protection, hypoglycaemic, antitubercular, antioxidant and anticancer.


Microprocessors have become important tools for the electronic designer. Prime motivators for their success have been the advantages they offer in cost reduction and design flexibility. These and other microprocessor advantages are discussed in this paper. Typical microprocessor-based applications are described as well as the direction of future trends.


The Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in Nijmegen, the Netherlands, hosts one of the largest digital archives of linguistic resources. Many of those resources are unique recordings of languages that are highly in danger of becoming extinct or in some cases are already no longer spoken. The MPI archive is the central archive for the DOBES22 endangered languages documentation projects funded by the German Volkswagen Foundation23.


The study of pulse amplifiers for nuclear measurements is concluded with a discussion of the background noise and pulse shaping. Four typical amplifiers are described in some detail. (J.S.R.)


Moderators: What are the advantages and disadvantages—for contingent faculty, students, tenure-line faculty, and the larger profession—of labor organizations supporting contingent faculty? What do we gain, and what do we lose, by creating organizations that advocate for improved working condi tions and professional standing? Why might a thoughtful contingent faculty member support the formation of a labor organization while another, equally thoughtful colleague oppose its formation?


We investigated the ultrafast energy relaxation of photoexcited minority electrons in highly doped p‐GaAs by means of femtosecond time resolved luminescence (Δt<90 fs). Our experiments allow the first observation of the extremely fast cooling of minority electrons within the Γ‐valley. The electron mean energy decreases within 150 fs from 150 meV down to less than 50 meV. The total energy loss rate reaches values higher than 10−7 W per electron, representing the highest energy loss rates of electrons observed to date in monocrystalline semiconductors. Ensemble Monte Carlo simulations show that the electron‐hole scattering is responsible for these high energy loss rates.


The reaction of 4-hydroxycoumarin and 4-hydroxythiocoumarin with citral in basic as well as acidic conditions led to the formation of tetrahydrocannabiol derivatives. With citronellal, the above hydroxycoumarins afforded the corresponding hexahydrocannabiol derivatives in moderate yields. The structures and the stereochemistry of the compounds obtained are established on the basis of spectral-analytical evidence.


The aim of this research was to identify and asses the direct and indirect effects of organization culture, leadership behavior, work satisfaction, work stress and work motivation on the effectiveness of administrators' work at State Institute for Islamic Studies of North Sumatra (IAIN SU). This research was conducted at IAIN SU and 111 workers were taken as samples. To capture research data variables, valid and reliable questionnaires were used based on rational and statistical results through instrument test to 30 populations. The technique of analysis data consisted of descriptive analysis, requirement test analysis and path analysis with the significance level α= 0.05. Based on the path analysis overall results, F count > F table (21> 2,301) was obtained. Thus, Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted. In conclusion, organizational culture, leadership behavior, work satisfaction, work stress, and work motivation simultaneously affect the effectiveness of administrators' work.


This paper presents an analytical model of the currents flowing in a 7-phase machine. The analytical expressions of the currents are established in the stationary frames of the four fictitious machines (principal, secondary, tertiary, and homopolar). The model is parameterized to study any fault effect in the characteristics of the currents: amplitude, offset and phase shifting. After its validation with a numerical model, this flexible model is used to evaluate the relevance of the current characteristics as fault features for the different faults. We show that the currents in the stationary frames can provide sensitive fault signatures in the time and frequency domains.


IntroductionHuman resource management is process of bringing people and organizations together so that the goals of each are met. It is that part of the management process which is concerned with the management of human resources in an organization. It tries to secure the best from people by winning their wholehearted cooperation. In short, it may be defined as the art of procuring, developing and maintaining competent workforce to achieve the goals of an organization in an effective and efficient manner.In its essence, HRM is the qualitative improvement of human beings who are considered the most valuable assets of an organization the sources, resources and end-users of all products and services.HRM is no doubt, an outgrowth of the older process and approach. But it is much more than its parent disciplines viz., personnel management, and behavioral science.HRM is also more comprehensive and deep-rooted than training and development. Its approach is multi-disciplinary from the beginning to the end. It is a scientific process of continuously enabling the employees to improve their competency and capability to play their present as well as future expected roles so that the goals of the organization are achieved more fully and at the same time the needs of the employees are also met to an adequate extent.The Concept of Strategy/Strategic HRMStrategy determines the direction in which the organization is going in relation to its environment. It is the process of defining intentions (strategic intent) and allocating or matching resources to opportunities and needs (resource based strategy), thus achieving strategic fit between them. Business strategy is concerned with achieving competitive advantage. The effective development and implementation of strategy depend on the strategic capability of the organization, which will include the ability not only to formulate strategic goals, but also to develop and implement strategic plans through the process of strategic management. Strategy is about implementation, which includes the management of change, as well as planning like:1. A plan, or something equivalent a direction, a guide, a course of action;2. A pattern, that is, consistency in behavior over time;3. A perspective, an organization's fundamental way of doing things;4. A ploy, a specific 'manoeuvre' intended to outwit an opponent or a competitor.The formulation of corporate strategy can be defined as a process for developing and defining a sense of direction. It has often been described as a logical, step by step affair, the outcome of which is a formal written statement that provides a definitive guide to the organization's long term intentions. Many people still believe that this is the case, but it is a misrepresentation of reality.In practice the formulation of strategy is never as rational and Linear. A process as some writers describe it, or as some managers attempt to make it. Strategy formulation is not necessarily rational and continuous. In theory, strategy is a systematic process: first we think, then we act; we formulate then we implement. But we also 'act in order to think'.In practice, 'a realized strategy can emerge in response to an evolving situation' and the strategic planner is often 'a pattern organizer, a learner if you like, who manages a process in which strategies and visions can emerge as well as be deliberately conceived.importance of Human Resource ManagementPeople have always been central to organizations, but their strategic importance is growing in today's knowledge -based industries. An organization's success increasingly depends on the knowledge, skills and abilities (KSA) of employees, particularly as they help establish a set of core competencies that distinguish an organization from its competitors.With appropriate human resource policies and practices an organization can hire, develop and utilize best brains in the marketplace, realize its professed goals and deliver results better than others. …


Pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ (PLCIS) of the breast is a distinctive entity, but its behaviour and management are unclear. The purpose of this study was to review a relatively large number of cases and to evaluate the risk of recurrence.


Oncidium lateral buds used as explants were treated and cultured to observe the effect of pretreatment, disinfection frequency, and different levels of coconut water in the medium on inducing of multiple shoot clumps. The Oncidium lateral buds were cut 5-7 days after the plants were controlled by irrigation and sprayed with antimicrobial agents to avoid pathogenic infection; the buds then were disinfected 2 times with mercury solution at the concentration of 0.15% (initial disinfection for 7 to 8 minutes and the second disinfection for 30~50 seconds); visible multiple shoot clumps were induced from the explants which were cultured for about 30 days under the dark conditions on the cultural medium of MS containing 1/3 macro-elements +150 ml coconut water +50 g/l tomato +20 g sugar + 7 g agar, with the pH 5.5~5.8.


The reconstruction, classification and representation of objects and structures acquired using high resolution 3D scanning devices (such as medical CT or MRI) is a complex task, given the size and properties of the resulting data set. One of the challenges in dealing with such data is the identification and representation of structures partially occluded by regions with similar density values, which traditional classification methods cannot account for. We propose a simple and effective approach to this problem, which involves incorporating vision-oriented criteria into the classification process. We first reconstruct the acquired discrete data through linear texture filtering and traverse it using a volume ray caster. At each sampled point during traversal, we compute the local gradient and estimate the level of occlusion using opacity accumulation. We then modify the opacity of each sample by modulating it with coefficients derived from the previous gradient and occlusion estimations. The resulting opacity distribution makes it easy to identify partially-occluded data, which allows for the visual analysis of difficult-to-detect anatomical structures based on their level of visibility. We test our approach on CT data sets and generate images which show the projections resulting from the modified ray casting traversal loop.


Abstract The genus Paranthrene Hübner was thought to be represented in Japan by four species, ferale (Leech), pernix (Leech), regale (Butler), and purpurea Yano, but study of the larvae suggest that regale (= yezonica Matsumura) and purpurea are in the genus Nokona Matsumura and pernix is near or in Vitacea Engelhardt. The larvae of ferale Leech have not been examined. Nokona is raised from subgeneric status.


The present study tested the relationships of individualism, power distance, and mastery orientation to organizational trust and organizational commitment, respectively. The moderating effects of mastery on the relationships of individualism and power distance to trust and commitment were also tested. Based on survey data from China, South Korea, and Australia, it was found that individualism negatively related to trust and commitment, power distance positively related to trust but not to commitment, and mastery positively related to trust and commitment. Mastery negatively moderated the relationships of trust with individualism and power distance and the relationship between power distance and commitment.


Migration can be defined as the movement of individuals to new areas followed by a return to their natal area to breed. Oncorhynchus mykiss, otherwise known as rainbow trout, exhibits two life history strategies: resident rainbow trout and migratory steelhead trout. Previous research has shown that the decision to migrate is highly heritable, that there are regions of the genome that are associated with migration, and that there are differentially expressed genes between residents and migrants, all confirming that migration has a genetic component. Recently, interest has focused on the GREB1-L gene as studies in several populations of rainbow trout have found alleles within this gene that are associated with migration. This project is aimed to measure allelic associations between GREB1-L and migratory life history in rainbow trout from Sashin Creek, Alaska. Sequence data suggest that all individuals, regardless of their migratory trajectory, had the alleles associated with residency. These results confirm that GREB1-L is locally adapted to different environments and that there are population-specific genetic effects that determine the migratory life history of rainbow trout.


Pb‐alloy Josephson devices are attractive for potential use as active elements in high‐speed computers. Failures occur in some Pb‐alloy junctions during repeated thermal cycling between 300 and 4.2 K. The failures are believed to be primarily caused by rupture of the ultrathin tunnel barrier oxide between base and counter electrodes when strain in the electrode films induced by thermal‐expansion‐coefficient mismatch between film and substrate is relaxed. The strain relaxation can cause microstructure changes such as grain rotation and hillock formation that can lead to device failure. The effects of film thickness h and grain size g on the strain behavior and microstructure of Pb‐12 wt. % In‐4wt. % Au films similar to those used for a Josephson junction base electrode were studied by x‐ray diffraction, and by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Films with various combinations of h and g were prepared by evaporation onto oxidized Si substrates at room or liquid‐nitrogen temperature. In the prese...


Summary We investigate how noise during laxity trials affect optimisation-based estimations of knee ligament properties. One subject-specific knee model with known ligament properties was created. Four sets of laxity trials, with an increasing number of load cases, were simulated and uniform noise ([-0.5, 0.5] (mm and degrees)) were added to the resulting kinematics. Stiffness and reference strain for ACL, PCL, MCL, and LCL were estimated from 20 samples of noisy kinematics. Stiffness error ranges of 6 kN, 8 kN, 9 kN, and 4 kN; reference strain error ranges of 3 %, 3 %, 2 %, and 2 % for ACL, PCL, MCL, and LCL, respectively, were found for the three sets of laxity tests (7, 13, and 22 load cases). The laxity test with 60 load cases resulted in stiffness and reference strain error ranges below 500 N and 1 %.


Due to the advantages of low electrical resistance and size miniaturization, Cu to Cu has become the important trends in microelectric interconnect fabrication. Robust Cu to Cu bonding with low temperature, ambient pressure (under N2 or air) and short processing time is strongly requested for advanced IC and substrate packaging, MEMS hermetic sealing, and flexible electronics assembly as well. Ultrasonic technique has recently be adopted in direct copper bonding, this study focuses on the influences of surface physical features on direct bonding between two copper electro-deposits. Experimental results show that joints consisting of hard bumps bonded with soft Cu surface exhibit improved bonding strength. They also indicate that the bonding temperature at 100°C with the protection of N2 and higher surface roughness both positively contribute to the joint strength.


This paper focuses on the critical influence factors such as greening rate, traffic convenience degree, residents' quality level, medical technology level and commercial service quality to build a system dynamics model of urban environment livability, the theory of system dynamics and methods for the analysis of a comprehensive system is used. The parameter estimation method is used to detect the consistency and validity of the model. The model is also used to determine the algorithms of urban environment livability simulation and the development of a simulation system.


The paper proposes a methodology for designing business processes, which is based on a process, model and architectural approaches. 1. As part of the process design technology, the activities of companies are represented as a set of processes and the goal of the business is chosen among them. To achieve a business goal, types of processes are established. According to the design of business processes, the achievement of a selected business goal goes through several stages that correspond to the level of maturity of processes. 2. Model design technology provides mathematical support. The model approach allows you to design the software for the automation of business processes. 3. Architectural technology for building the system software and the system completely. The architecture of the future system is based on the plan of the system, the construction of which is planned and designed.


As new demands for the dwelling environment such as functionality and diversity have recently emerged, the functional construction material market is facilitated in the construction material sector based on the products using far infrared rays, anions and environment-friendly materials. However, it is substantially difficult to select materials due to the lack of objective quality standards or assessment methods for these functional construction materials. For this study, we compared and evaluated domestic functional wall-covering materials by performing the indoor test and mock-up test on functional wall-covering materials produced and sold in Korea. Through the evaluation of basic physical properties and functions, we can provide basic data to apprehend the quality level of domestic functional wall-covering materials at present. In this study, we conducted tests on products of 8 companies with respect to functional criteria such as far-infrared rays, anions and deodorization and basic physical properties. As a result, all the products posted similar far-infrared emissivity ranging from 91.1% to 91.7%, but demonstrated a significant difference in the formaldehyde deodorization (64~88%) and anion tests. These differences among the products remained the same in the sample room as well as in the indoor test. Accordingly, we were able to confirm differences in the quality among products owing to the comparative test results on the functional wall-covering materials. In order to establish reliability of functional wall-covering materials in the future, we believe that it is necessary to perform additional study on the objective quality standards, test method enactment and functional products' influence on the human body.


Full‐scale in situ ambient vibration tests have been performed in different regions of China since 2008. Reliable data on 35 buildings in the Sichuan province and 18 buildings in Shanghai have been used for identifying the structural dynamic properties. Every building was tested twice, at time intervals of 1 to 2 years. This paper first describes the statistical analysis results of the measured records and then the time–frequency domain analysis on dynamic responses of a specific monitored building subjected to strong motion. Furthermore, the estimated dynamic characteristics of the buildings are presented. The damping ratio shows a period‐dependent characteristic, and the natural periods of buildings in Sichuan shifted after 2 years. Subsequent discussion on the natural period change phenomenon reveals that the natural period changes are affected by a number of factors, including story number, construction year, loading history, and observation time intervals. The long‐term time effects on concrete, the self‐healing ability of cracked concrete, and the change in soil condition are discussed to explain the natural period wandering. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


NO topic in American colonial history has been more widely discussed than parliamentary taxation, especially the tax on tea. Some writers have contributed elaborate studies to show that such taxation was designed to have the colonies contribute to the defense and other burdens of empire. The traditional American view has not accepted this theory. Up to the present no one has gone to the records and reported just what use Lord North and his associates made of the money they collected from the Americans by this highly controversial tax. The time is appropriate, if not long overdue, to examine the evidence to see just what was done. The record has long been available in the Treasury papers in the Public Record Office in London. This essay is based on that record.


Objective To examine therapeutic effect of nasal cavity reconstruction on adolescent cases with nasal mucosa contact headache.Methods Nasal cavity structure reconstruction was performed on 63 adolescent cases with nasal mucosa contact headache due to abnormalities of nasal cavity structure after ineffective drug treatment,who were admitted between Aug.2008 and Aug.2011 in our department.Symptom relief and visual analogue scale(VAS) scores before and after surgery were compared to assess efficacy 6 months later.Results 32 cases were cured,and 25 were improved among the 63 cases,with general effective rate of 90.5%.6 months later,headache symptom was obviously improved,and VAS scores were(7.34±1.78) and(2.20±1.52),respectively,with t value of 2.316 and P0.05.Conclusions Nasal cavity structure reconstruction was effective for adolescent cases with nasal mucosa contact headache due to abnormalities of nasal cavity structure abnormalities.


This paper shows that semitopological classes are subsemilattices of the lattice of topologies, and gives a new characterization for the finest topology in the semitopological class. Introduction. In [4] Levine defined a set, A, to be semiopen if there is some open set U so that Uc A c c(U), where c( ) denotes closure in the topological space. In [1] it was shown that if (X, i-) is a topological space, there is a finest topology [we shall call it F(r)] so that the semiopen sets are the same as for -r. If X is a set of points, let T(X) be the lattice of topologies on X. If zE T(X), let [v-] denote the equivalence class of all topologies which have the same semiopen sets as -r. [v-] is called a semitopological class of topologies on X. The object of this note is to show that if -r E T(X), [v-] is a subsemilattice of T(X) with respect to the usual join operation on topologies, and to give a new characterization for F(). 1. Semitopological classes are subsemilattices of the lattice of topologies. In [1] a set was defined to be semiclosed if its complement is semiopen, and semiclosure and semi-interior were defined in a manner analogous to the definitions of closure and interior. LEMMA 1.1. If (X, or) is a topological space, and if c( ) and i( ) denote the closure and interior, respectively, in (X, -r) while c*( ) and i*( ) denote the closure and interior in (X, F(r)), and sc( ) and si( ) denote the semiclosure and semi-interior in both, then if AccX, i*(c(A))c'sc(A). PROOF. If 0 e F(r) so that Oc: c(A), then consider 0 Cn(X-sc(A)). By Theorem 1.9 of [1], the intersection of an open set and a semiopen set is semiopen. Since sc(A) is semiclosed, (X-sc(A)) is semiopen; therefore O n (X-sc(A)) is semiopen in (X, F(-r)). Consequently, 0 n (X-sc(A)) = 0-sc(A) is semiopen in (X, i-). Now since Oc: c(A), we have 0 sc(A) c: c(A) sc(A) c: c(A) A. By Theorem 1.14 of [1], si(c(A)-A)= 0. Therefore, since 0-sc(A) is semiopen, 0-sc(A) = 0, so that O c sc(A). Received by the editors June 12, 1973. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 54A05.


FeAlSi/FeAlSiO multilayers prepared by the pulse reactive sputtering were investigated. It was found that the layered structure had a high thermal stability over the ordering temperature of FeAlSi. In consequence, a saturation magnetic flux density of 1.4-1.5 T, a high isotropic initial permeability of 2000-10000 at 1 MHz were obtained even after the thermal annealing above 500/spl deg/C. >


In the frame of the TRASCO/ADS project, the Italian study for an accelerator driven system for nuclear waste transmutation, we have built and developed a 3 m aluminium RFQ cold model divided in three resonantly coupled segments. This paper presents the results of the RFQ tuning. The tuning procedure was performed by employing the beadpulling technique, aimed to obtain a constant transverse electric field along the RFQ with a field error of the order % 2 ≤ . The procedure and the tuning algorithm based on the analysis of the second derivative of the measured data will be described in details.


Objective To examine new syphilis infection and its influencing factors among men who have sex with men(MSM) in Mianyang city.Methods Respondent driven sampling was used to recruit MSM in Mianyang city from June to September 2009 and an open prospective cohort was established.Serological follow-up survey was conducted once a year for three consecutive years.Snowball sampling method was adopted to recruit MSM for the supplement of participants lost to follow-up.Results During the study period,583 MSM were included in the cohort,with a total of 535.5person-years of follow-up.Totally 30 new-syphilis infections were diagnosed and the new infection rate was 5.6 /100 person-years(95% confidence interval[95% CI]:3.7-7.6 /100 person-years).Multivariate analyses showed that the influencing factors of new syphilis infection included marital status(relative risk[RR]= 2.377,95% CI :1.035-5.459),knowledge about AIDS(RR = 4.278,95% CI:1.941-9.431),with peer education during last one year(RR = 2.281,95% CI:1.081-4.815),and being diagnosed with sexually transmitted diseases(RR = 4.743,95% CI:1.829-12.302).Conclusion New syphilis infection is relatively stable in local MSM population but still higher and affected by marital status,knowledge about AIDS,peer education and infections of STDs.


Summary. CaCI2, K-EGTA or Ca-EGTA were injected into shortened Purkinje fibres in order to modify the concentration of ionized calcium ([Ca2+]0. Two injection techniques were used: A method of microiontophoresis between two intracellular microelectrodes and a method of pressure injection using heating in a closed system. Continuous microiontophoresis of CaC12 at a rate of 10 -13 Mol/s, caused shortening of the action potential, enhancement of the afterpotential, and hyperpolarisation of the resting potential within I s. This response was steady within about 10 s and disappeared in less than 1 s when injection was ended. Pressure injection of small volumes of 1 M CaCI/ evoked the same response. Injection of KC1 was ineffective. When K-EGTA was injected the action potential became longer and the afterpotential was suppressed. After 2 min of continuous injection the fibres depolarized to about -40 mV. The effect of K-EGTA injection was fully reversible but recovery required several minutes. Injection of Ca-EGTA buffer solutions evoked (initially) a response similar to that described for CaC12 injection provided that [Ca2+]i was greater than 5 �9 10 -7 M. Conversely, when [Ca2+]i was equal to or less than 1 �9 10 -7 M an EGTA-like response could be seen. The results favour (but do not prove) the idea that [Ca 2§ ]~ mediates the observed effects via an influence on the potassium conductance.


Paper presented at the RTO SET Symposium on "E-O Propagation, Signature and System Performance
Under Adverse Meteorological Conditions Considering Out-of-Area Operations", held at the
Italian Air Force Academy, Naples, Italy, 16-19 March 1998, and published in RTO MP-1.


Recombination of excess charge carriers in semiconductors occurring in emitter layers or at the interface to dielectric layers is typically assessed via injection-dependent lifetime measurements exploiting its specific injection dependence. A key assumption is that recombination in the bulk is negligible. Within this contribution it is shown in theory and experiment how neglected recombination in the bulk and its specific injection dependence can interfere with the correct assessment of surface passivation quality, in particular in the context of studies on lifetime degradation phenomena. The role of substrate doping, lifetime limitation by bulk defects and their specific properties is discussed.


The Intensive Care Unit - medical organization characterized by a high technical-scientific formalization of languages and procedures - is an important social laboratory, in which some of the most disruptive tensions of contemporary medicine can be found, tensions that the personnel has to often dramatically reconcile during its own professional practice. On the basis of ethnographic data gathered during a recent field research, in this article, I aim at showing how the unit's organization and the professional practices in Intensive Care Unit create and reproduce two models of body: the body «exposed» and the body «invisible». These appear to be the result of the process of categorization of patients through which the medical and nursing staff gives meaning to one of the most challenging aspects of this job, that is, the tension between the evaluation of the therapeutic appropriateness of the hospitalization in the ward, on the one hand, and the pressures coming from the social world, in the form of collective expectations, juridical norms, ethical position and organizational bonds, on the other.


Nanosecond laser flash photolysis and pulse radiolysis have been used to characterise the exci ted state and radical anion of a porphyrin derivative, di-benzyloxyisopropyl-porphyrindiol [DBOIP] , after laser (A.=337 nm) excitation. DBOIP can form its triplet state ( T = 0.31 in benzene solution) when it is excited by laser. Radical anion whose absorption is shown by pulse radio lysis to peak at 640 nm is not clearly found in laser flash photolysis. Its interac tion with DNA in aerated solution (shown by argarose gel e lectrophoresis) indicates that DBOIP can be used in photodynamic therapy.


A kind of metasurface cylindrical vector light (CVL) generator in the visible region is proposed. This kind of CVL generator consists of nanometer holes etched on silver film, and it can change any linearly or circularly polarized light into the CVL in nanoscale. The order of the generated CVL is controlled by the rotation of the holes and its polarization state changes with the incident polarization condition. The base transformation theory guides is used to design the metasurface. The numerical simulations for the transmission of the proposed CVL generators confirm the validity of the theoretical predictions, and they also provide the available parameters for practical metasurface devices. The experimental results verify the performance of the proposed metasurface CVL generators. This kind of vector light generator has the advantages of thin and compact structure, polarization multiplexing and convenient manufacture. This work paves a new path for designing the miniature devices to generate the vector light field and it will promote the applications of polarization devices in optical integration and micro-manipulation.


The clean production levels of cement dry kiln and vertical kiln were compared in terms of process equipment and investment, resource utilization, product quality, energy consumption, product cost and labor productivity, pollutant generation and discharge as well as environment management. Results indicated that cement dry kiln is advantageous over vertical kiln and vertical kiln should be dismantled or renovated.


This paper presents a new approach to security issues associated with the use of teleinformatics systems in the decision-making process. There is a discussion of the relationship between the security of informatics systems and the security of the decision-making process in which they are used, in particular regarding the threats resulting from the use of informatics systems and modern teleinformatics technologies. In addition, an overview of the dangers that could have a significant impact on appropriate decision-making is performed. The paper points out the possible ways to ensure security depending on the type of threats encountered. In particular, threats particularly linked with the security of informatics systems supporting decision-making have been identified.


Single-strength orange juice with dissolved oxygen levels of 0.6, 1.8, 6.5, and 10.1 ppm was pasteurized at 85°C for 7 sec using a pilot-scale, high temperature-short time, tubular, heat exchanger. The product was aseptically bottled under nitrogen and stored for 5 months at 22°C. Browning and loss of ascorbic acid were linearly related to the initial oxygen concentration. Based on the results of sensory evaluation, reducing the initial dissolved oxygen concentration by 94% did not extend the shelf-life of single-strength orange juice. Therefore, based on taste, deaeration will not extend the shelf-life of this product.


Objective To study the changes of serum levels of IL -8 and TNF -α in Helicobacter pylori(Hp) associated gastritis diseases and the relationship between the serum levels of IL -8, TNF -α and disease process. Methods Diagnosis was established in 80 cases of positive chronic gastritis through gastros-copy,histopathology and I4C -UBT test. ELISA were used to detect the serum levels of IL -8 and TNF -α in Hp infection before and after eradication. Thirty healthy subjects were used as control group. Results The serum IL - 8, TNF -α levels in patients with chronic gastritis were significanthy higher than those in controls. The serum level of IL - 8 and TNF -α were obviousely decreased in Hp infection after eradication ( P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between IL-8 and TNF-α expression( P <0.05). Conclusions IL - 8, TNF - α closely associate with Hp infection and they play asignificant role in mucosal injury.

Key words:
Helicobacter pylori;  Interleukin - 8;  Tumor necrosis factor - α;  Chronicgastritis


The paper presents techniques for the rapid prototyping of scale models of blades for wind turbines on a 3D printer using the FDM technology for the extrusion of filaments made of ABS polymers (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) and PLA (PolyLactic Acid). The following rapid prototyping techniques are described: printing by horizontal development across a negative substrate of single-component blades; printing by horizontal development of a two-component blade with longitudinal separation plan, assembled by gluing; printing by vertical development of a blade with 4 or 24 segments assembled by tie rods. Each of the above techniques has a number of advantages and drawbacks with respect to their use. The conditions for the occurrence of printing defects in the structure of these models were also investigated.


The attempts are made to explore how the personality influences the second language acquisition (SLA) with a view to discovering that the learners' characteristics play a dominant role in determining and predicting L2 learning outcomes on proficiency/achievement/rate of acquisition.


The distinguishability between models in the recovery of fluorescence lifetime distributions is determined by the distance between the estimation spaces spanned by the models in the 2N dimensional sample space, where N is the number of frequencies used in the phase-modulation fluorescence lifetime measurements. The distinguishability regions between the model of two discrete components and the Gaussian distribution model are described in this paper as an example. The use of a priori distribution functions such as Gaussian, Lorentzian, and uniform distributions without a physical basis poses a serious problem in the physical interpretation of the recovered parameters. This work introduces the application of the exponential series method (ESM) for recovering lifetime distributions in the frequency domain and distinguishing between models without using any a priori models.


Abstract This paper discusses four lesser known human factors and interrelationships between them that could lead to financial reporting fraud. Identified as blind alleys, these factors are self-regarding disposition, self-control, judgment shift, and self-efficacy. Fraud risk-factors emerging from the consideration of these factors separately and collectively are identified and illustrated using selected alleged and actual fraud cases. Illustrative controls for each factor are included.


Uganda's refugee policy is perceived by the international community to be among the most progressive in the world. It is grounded on the 2006 Refugees Act and its implementation is reinforced by three frameworks: the STA, integrated in the National Development Plan II, as well as two international approaches – CRRF and ReHope – supported by the United Nations and the World Bank. However, the sustainability of the Uganda's refugee-hosting model is completely dependent on effective financial support from donors, which has been lacking. Indeed, the EU Trust Fund for Africa has been the primary financial tool to facilitate Uganda's refugee policy. First, this article examines the three main frameworks of the Ugandan policy on refugees: the CRRF, ReHope and STA. Second, it scrutinises three EU projects in Uganda and discusses their relationship with the CRRF, ReHope and STA. Finally, this paper analyses the importance of the EU projects on the refugee policy in the National Development Plan III (2020–2025).


The management process of good education and systematic by using management service as well as supported by the leadership implementation of headmaster as the man power in an education institution in good education grade level by sthrengthen the aspec of institution finances through investment of soul, attitude and entrepreneurship charac-teristic which implemented in the leadership process of headmaster. To manage and lead education institution is complex thing, the complexity is not only related with quick change, but aslo caused by the development of the school organization internal expectations for the coordination of the education that have more quality and be able to give high satisfaction for entire education consumer, so that the implementation of entrepreneurship in the process to manage and lead the school institution as its basic hopefully could answer the problem and the able to create expectations in the internal adn external of school organization. Keywords: Leadership, Islam ic Education, Entrepreneurship


Combined with practice,this article has introduced ways on how to build and form the top curricula of higher vocation education and illustrated the purports of creating characteristic fine curricula as well as how fine curricula improve the faculty's advanced study and quality,the development of teaching materials and practical experiment workshop,the reform of curricula,the application of modern teaching approach and enhancing the level of teaching and management.


, official Journal of "The Society of Medicineand Natural Sciences of Parma", is an occasion for abrief history of the Society itself and of the medicaland scientific organizations in this city, once capital ofa small but prestigious autonomous state. Parma is, al-so, the seat of one of the oldest universities of thewestern world: the first documentation on an activeEpiscopal school for notaries public was the Imperialacknowledgement and concession