Computer viruses have been around almost as long as computers. Latest technical development such as high speed network, internet & advance personal computers have provided viruses a main threat to the computers. I remember the story of elephant and ant and how the ant brought the mighty elephant down on its knees? Similarly, a computer virus, a few KBs in size, like any piece of code, which when executed on computer, carries out a particular task, can destroy gigabytes of data stored in computer and bring the biggest organization to a halt. A lot of anti-virus software is available in the market and being widely used but these anti-viruses are less effective as they are made only for the existing viruses not for the viruses which developed latter. So this paper mainly concentrates on analyzing the procedures which is being used for preventing virus. Then it covers what strategy should be adopted for anti-virus and how to recover the computer from a virus attack. This paper also describes the identification & classification of computer virus, and current computer virus situation.


We study a totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) with one defect site, hopping rate q < 1, near the system boundary. Regarding our system as a pair of uniform TASEP's coupled through the defect, we study various methods to match a finite TASEP and an infinite one across a common boundary. Several approximation schemes are investigated. Utilizing the finite segment mean-field (FSMF) method, we set up a framework for computing the steady state current J as a function of the entry rate α and q. For the case where the defect is located at the entry site, we obtain an analytical expression for J(α, q) which is in good agreement with Monte Carlo simulation results. When the defect is located deeper in the bulk, we refined the scheme of MacDonald et al (1968 Biopolymers 6 1) and find reasonably good fits to the density profiles before the defect site. We discuss the strengths and limitations of each method, as well as possible avenues for further studies.


We report on effects of the matrix on photoluminescence spectra and lifetime and efficiency of up-conversion of core-type CdSe and core/shell CdSe/ZnS quantum dots embedded into smectic and amorphous polymers.


Objective:To investigate the impact of jiawei huangqi chifeng decoction on albuminuria,serum NO,ET-1 and TGF-β1 in nephrotic rats induced by adriamycin.Methods:The adriamycin-induced nephropathy model was prepared by the injection of adriamycin in caudal vein of rat.The gastric infusion with jiawei huangqi chifeng decoction of normal dose,jiawei huangqi chifeng decoction of double doses and benazepril were administered separately.24 h urine was collected in the 2nd,4th,6th and 8th weeks of experiment successively and 24 h albuminuria was determined.In the 8th week of experiment,serum NO,ET-1 and TGF-β1 were detected.Results:Compared with blank group at the same stage,24 h albuminuria level of rats in model group increased apparently(P0.01),serum NO decreased(P0.05),and serum ET-1 and TGF-β1 decreased significantly(P0.01).Compared with model group at the same stage,in the group with jiawei huangqi chifeng decoction of normal dose,24 h albuminuria level decreased in the 4th week of experiment(P0.05),and serum ET-1 and TGF-β1 decreased significantly in the 8th week.Compared with model group at the same stage,in benazepril group,24 h albuminuria level decreased in the 8th week of experiment(P0.05),serum NO increased(P0.05)and serum ET-1 decreased significantly(P0.01)in the 8th week.Conclusion:Jiawei huangqi chifeng decoction can improve apparently in albuminuria,serum NO,ET-1 and TGF-β1 in the rats with adriamycin-induced nephropathy and acts actively on delaying glomerulosclerosis and renal fibrosis.


Objective:To study the serum biomarkers of non-hodgkin's lymphoma(NHL)by surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(SELDI-TOF-MS)and establish NHL diagnostic model.Methods: The study included 50 patients with NHL(NHL group).50 normal controls(control group) and 50 poradenitis(poradenitis group) patientsForserum protein signature analysis,the SELDI-TOF-MS analysis was performed to screen the serum protein markersand the Au-Chpi golden chips were used for analysisA diagnostic model was developed with Biomaker pattern software3.1.Results: The data analysis revealed 150 differential expression peaks.Seven specific protein peaks with M/Z at4966,9278,6633,4222,9216,9237 and 7714,were chosen to develop a NHL diagnostic model.When the model was blindly tested with the test set,it yielded a sensitivity of 92%,a specificityof 98%.Conclusions: Serum protein expression has obvious difference in NHL group,normal group and poradenitis group.Screening of differentially expressed biomarkers establish predictive models for the laboratory diagnosis of NHL.


Abstract I argue that Carl Hempel's pioneering work on scientific explanation introduced an assumption that Hempel never motivated, namely, that explanation is an aim of science. Ever since, it has remained largely unquestioned in analytic philosophy of science. By expanding the historical scope of the debate on explanation to philosophers from the first half of the twentieth century, I show that the debate should include a critical reflection on Hempel's assumption. This reflection includes two problems: how to motivate one's position on the aims of scientific knowledge and how to decide which examples count as expressions of those aims.


The present study describes the technological aspects of fish farming developed on the Capitao Poco in northeastern state of Para. The data were collected through 17 semi-structured interviews in aquaculture properties in the region.The farmer was legally responsible for most property. The property's operating time ranged from 3 to 20 years and the time of experience in aquaculture activity from 10 months to 20 years (mean 5.4 ± 2.9 years). Aquaculture represented a secondary activity is for subsistence or to supplement the family income. The properties had a total area ranging from 0.5 to 750 hectares (average 124.9 ± 150.0 ha), with water area between 0.00165 and 2.16 ha (average 0.4944 ± 0.5694 ha). The semi-intensive production system was predominant (88.2%), however, the intensive system keeper tanks was also recorded (11.8%), and recorded both monocultures (70.6%) as policultives (29, 4%), with cultive of Oreochromis niloticus , Colossoma macropomum , Leporinus friderici and two species hybrid. The management with regard to the analysis of water quality of farming, food supply and evaluation of growth performance, although carried out were not satisfactory, requiring greater technical training to producers. Keywords Amazon; aquaculture; farmer fish; fish; cultivation system.


The invention relates to a method for preparing low-carbon alcohol through the catalytic cracking of sugar and sugar alcohol, which comprises the steps: under the action of an Ni-based catalyst, taking polycarbon sugar such as glucose, fruit sugar, xylose, sorbierite, mannite and xylitol, and water solution of various carbon sugar and sugar alcohol as raw materials, and cracking the raw materials into low-carbon alcohol of C3 or below C3 (particularly glycol and 1,2-propanediol) in a high selectivity mode through hydrogenation and dehydration processes. The conversion rate of the raw materials reaches over 95 percent. The yield of the glycol and the 1,2-propanediol in the low-carbon alcohol reaches over 50 percent. The method has the advantages of high efficiency, mild conditions, and high selectivity of the low-carbon alcohol.


For teachers and students in school, it's a weighty issue that how to find course exercises with high quality to improve his or her efficiency of learning or teaching. The information in the web, as everyone knows, is complicated and disordered. It's hard to seek what we want in time, not to mention exercises. In this paper, we put forward a method to identify course exercises which is based on unstructured text. In this way, we can extract and integrate related exercise information effectively from the web according to the keywords that we have appointed to serve all teachers and students. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the method we proposed.


ABSTRACT Objective This research focuses on the costs associated with adopting a herd health management protocol for eradicating bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDv) from US beef cattle herds. Materials and Methods Production and market parameters from previous literature, USDA reports, and industry experts were used within a partial budget analysis. Results and Discussion Potential losses of $54.25/bred cow were found for cow-calf herds that do not have BVDv present (96% of US herds) and a gain of $278.28/bred cow for herds with BVDv present (4% of US herds) when assessed over a 10-yr period, and yearly cash flows were discounted to present dollars. Implications and Applications The outcomes from this analysis are useful for industry participants and policy makers as baseline incentive levels for cow-calf producers to adopt protocols to eliminate BVDv.


The seaward migration of juvenile salmonids was monitored by the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission (PSMFC) at John Day Dam, located at river mile 216, and at Bonneville Dam, located at river mile 145 on the Columbia River. The PSMFC Smolt Monitoring Project is part of a larger Smolt Monitoring Program (SMP) coordinated by the Fish Passage Center (FPC) for the Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Authority. This program is carried out under the auspices of the Northwest Power Planning Council's Fish and Wildlife Program and is funded by the Bonneville Power Administration. The purpose of the SMP is to monitor the timing and magnitude of the juvenile salmonid out-migration in the Columbia Basin and make flow and spill recommendations designed to facilitate fish passage. Data are also used for travel time and survival estimates and to build a time series data set for future reference. The purpose of the PSMFC portion of the program is to provide the FPC with species and project specific real time data from John Day and Bonneville dams.


An efficient approach for the synthesis of pyrazoline/pyrazole-tethered pyridinyl methanones is described via a one-pot, stepwise, sequential methodology using chalcones and pyridine-4-carbohydrazide as substrates through a Michael addition followed by cyclization. The reaction proceeds via a catalyst-, solvent-, work-up-, and column-chromatography-free method under melt conditions to provide the pyrazolines in short reaction times with high atom efficiency.


Thermoelectric (TE) materials are significant for sustainable development because they can be used to directly harvest heat into electricity. Recently, ionic TE materials emerged as very promising materials mainly due to their high thermovoltage that can be higher than the Seebeck coefficient of electronic TE materials by 2–3 orders in magnitude. However, their conductivity is very low. Here, the significant improvement in the ionic conductivity and thus the overall TE properties of ionogels is reported by engineering their solid networks, which immobilize the ionic liquid in the ionogels. An antisolvent of poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) is added into the acetone solution of 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium dicyanamide (EMIM:DCA) that is an ionic liquid and PVDF‐HFP prior to the ionogel formation. This can significantly change the solid networks formed by PVDF‐HFP and thus the microstructure of the EMIM:DCA/PVDF‐HFP ionogels, thereby facilitating ionic transport. As a result, the ionic conductivity of the ionogels can be increased from 7.0 to 17.6 mS cm−1. The ionogels can exhibit a high ionic figure of merit (ZTi) of 1.8 with the ionic Seebeck coefficient of 25.4 mV K−1 and the thermal conductivity of 0.190 W m−1 K−1. This is the highest recorded ZTi value for ionic conductors.


Implementation of existing technological advantage is critical to the strategic development and performance of BP, in particular, for development solutions that meet the energy and climate challenges of the XXI century. This article briefly describes the context which determines BP's long-term strategy of technological development, as well as the principles for selection of promising technology areas. The scope of application of advanced energy technologies and markets in key sectors - energy consumers are described. Note: Downloadable document is in Russian.


A quinolinamide-enabled Ni-catalyzed γ,δ-arylalkylation of homoallylic amines with aryl iodides and organozinc has been exploited. The cleavable quinolinamide directing group facilitates the stabilization of 5-membered nickelacycle and enables the dicarbofunctionalization of unactivated alkenes with excellently regio-, chemo-, and diastereoselectivity. The reaction with internal alkenes proceeds via a stereospecfic process to provide valuable γ-alkyl-, δ-aryl-substituted amines with two vicinal stereocenters. The scope of substrates and the utility of the protocol are well studied in this article.


This book summarizes his recent research work on Intelligent Vehicles. The target audience of the book is researchers, professionals and graduate students interested in a broad scientific field that includes not only basic principles, such as signal-image processing and pattern recognition, but also targeted fields of application, such as Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and, more specifically, Intelligent Vehicles (IVs). The field of IVs includes a wide range of technologies spanning from vehicle dynamics to information, communications, hardware, computer vision, artificial intelligence, ergonomics and human factors.


T HE QUESTION of the life span of the red blood cell has been an open one for the past hundred years. Beginning with naive attempts to determine the duration of the corpuscle in the circulation by transfusions of foreign nucleated cells into the mammalian blood stream,' the quest continues as of November 1946 with the most modern biologic tool, the isotope, and with full benefit of higher mathematics in the analysis of the data collected. A solution at last seems to be in sight. The fact that the mammalian red blood corpuscle is an incomplete cell, which has lost its nucleus, together with the fact that it is of necessity subjected to the stress of contortion as it passes through the capillaries, has made its ephemeral existence an acceptable hypothesis. To anyone who has had the privilege of seeing the beautiful moving picture made by Professor August Krogh showing the opening and contracting of the capillaries and of the red blood cells being crowded through them, it is amazing that the frail erythrocyte should survive for any great length of time. Two schools of thought have arisen concerning this subject. One is influenced by the seeming fragility of the corpuscle irreconcilable with any long buffeting in the circulation. Its members still accept the earlier work upon the rate of bile pigment excretion which argues for a short life of the cell.2 The chief protagonist of this school is Dr. Raphael Isaacs. His expressed opinion as of 1938 was as follows: "As the erythrocytes in mammals are non-nucleated it is evidently impossible for repair and metabolic nutrition to be a part of their normal physiology. Their life duration must be limited and is probably shorter than most of the fixed tissue cells, but the exact or even approximate length of service is not known."3 This opinion is still acceptable to many authorities in the field of blood physiology and has appeared in some of the postwar textbooks, in which the physiology of blood destruction is discussed. For instance, in . An Integrated Practice of Medicine"4 (1946), edited by Harold Thomas Hyman, we find the following statement on page 1038: 'The life of the normal erythrocyte is very limited and probably does not exceed a span of more than six weeks." The other school bases its judgment upon certain technics which tag the corpuscle, either directly or indirectly, and enable the observer to follow it until it is eliminated. The members of this school accept, notwithstanding its seeming improbability, a life span of approximately 12.0 days for the red cell in the normal body.


Peru is a country with a high mining potential. Among the regions with the highest presence of such extractive activity is Ancash; despite all the economic benefits provided by mining, it is necessary to remediate the environmental impact caused by the operations. Therefore, this research proposes the application of a grey clustering method called Center Point Triangular Whitenization Weight Function (CTWF), which is based on fuzzy logic, as an assessment mechanism to determine the water quality of the Santa river basin, located in the mentioned region, in which mining, agricultural and animal husbandry activities are developed in parallel. This methodology was applied to perform the analysis of the monitoring points recorded in the water quality reports issued by the National Water Authority in 2 different years: 1997 and 2014; with the objective of having an idea of how the water quality had evolved between those years. The results showed an evident improvement in the water quality of the basin, this could be due to different reasons, among them, the emerging environmental responsibility of the companies that carry out extractive activities. The results obtained and the methodology applied can be useful for the national environmental control authorities, as it is a tool that can provide information and help in decision making.


The Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an acute, post-infectious neuropathy. Several clinical presentations are known, but general symptoms are symmetric muscle weakness and loss of tendon reflexes. In more than half of the GBS patients, antibodies against gangliosides can be detected in their serum. Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids, which are located in the outer layer of cell membranes, and play a role in cell-cell recognition and communication. Because gangliosides are highly enriched in the presynaptic nerve membranes, a role in synaptic transmission and the process of neurotransmitter release is assumed. We explored the physiological role of these gangliosides in transmitter release in neuromuscular synapses of mice using electrophysiological techniques. Furthermore, these synapses were also studied for the pathophysiological effects caused by antibodies against the gangliosides. The results show that gangliosides appear not to be fundamental for neuromuscular function, but rather have a modulating role. In addition, blocking of the complement system, using complement-component C5-inhibitors, is an effective method to protect the nerve membrane against the damaging effects of the activated complement system as a result of anti-ganglioside antibody binding. These and other experimental findings of this thesis are discussed in view of the current literature and the pathogenesis and therapeutical aspects of GBS.


Upsetting exercise usually carried out to investigate metal flow characteristics. The composite produced in the present investigation is through powder metallurgy processing, thus in addition to the metal flow characteristics which are studied in the form of workability, also undergoes densification changes. Hence, both densification and workability characteristics are the objective of study on the chosen aluminium matrix composites. The aluminium composites are having inheritance advantage especially the high specific strength and so its potential applications in various field, which drives to pay attention in the present investigation. Since the upsetting exercise is carried out, it is envisaged the bulging at the free deformation surface; is an indication of non-linear deformation. So, apart from revealing the aforementioned characteristics comprehensively under bulging it is also subjected to statistical treatment to reveal its true influence on the characteristics under given process conditions.


In Victoria major industrial campaigns by nurses inflamed the political and industrial arena in 1985-6. Many participants and observers believed that consolidating professional status, and winning improved working conditions, pay increases and providing a better quality service for patients were at the'heart of the industrial campaigns.1 For some of the participants, however, the industrial campaigns represented the opposite, the demise of professional status in the rush to embrace 'blue collar or trade behaviours' and industrial unionism.2 This diversity of objectives is the point of departure of this article, raising as it does important interpretative issues about nursing in the 1980s. Professionalism in a predominantly female occupation (roughly 92 per cent of nurses were women in the late 1980s) points to wider historical and interpretative issues. Feminist theorists have argued that both the traditional professional and industrial models insert predominantly masculine conceptions and preferences into what should properly be a feminist discourse and struggle.3 This article canvasses some of the consequential questions. How do we best characterise such campaigns for major change which involved so many female workers? Are they best approached as industrial union exercises, or as efforts to achieve professional status, or as manifestations of a new form of feminist struggle, or as a mixture of all this and more? Is the drive for professional status compatible with unionism? More importantly, does either a professional or an industrial union model provide women workers with the best way of enfranchising themselves and


The practice application situation of compound dry coal preparation is introduced Sulfur content of NO 10 coal seam reach 4 2% Sulfur content can be reduced through dry coal preparation At the same time, a better economic benefit can be gained.


In relational query processing, there are generally two choices for access paths when performing a predicate lookup for which no clustered index is available. One option is to use an unclustered index. Another is to perform a complete sequential scan of the table. Many analytical workloads do not benefit from the availability of unclustered indexes; the cost of random disk I/O becomes prohibitive for all but the most selective queries.

It has been observed that a secondary index on an unclustered attribute can perform well under certain conditions if the unclustered attribute is correlated with a clustered index attribute [4]. The clustered index will co-locate values and the correlation will localize access through the unclustered attribute to a subset of the pages. In this paper, we show that in a real application (SDSS) and widely used benchmark (TPC-H), there exist many cases of attribute correlation that can be exploited to accelerate queries. We also discuss a tool that can automatically suggest useful pairs of correlated attributes. It does so using an analytical cost model that we developed, which is novel in its awareness of the effects of clustering and correlation.

Furthermore, we propose a data structure called a Correlation Map (CM) that expresses the mapping between the correlated attributes, acting much like a secondary index. The paper also discusses how bucketing on the domains of both attributes in the correlated attribute pair can dramatically reduce the size of the CM to be potentially orders of magnitude smaller than that of a secondary B+Tree index. This reduction in size allows us to create a large number of CMs that improve performance for a wide range of queries. The small size also reduces maintenance costs as we demonstrate experimentally.


Abstract : The long term goal for TtANOS is to develop techniques for remote sensing of the D and E regions of the earth s ionosphere. In particular TtANOS will test methods for measuring temperature and density and for monitoring variations in nitric oxide which can result from changes in the concentration of two important greenhouse species, carbon dioxide and methane


In the current state of the COVID-19 pandemic, many industrial sectors are experiencing difficulties due to facing various kinds of problems, one of which is the newspaper industry. These problems are a risk that must be controlled by the company in order to minimize losses. The purpose of this study is to carry out supply chain risk management during the COVID-19 pandemic in newspaper companies. The method used is a quantitative approach using SCOR and SCRIS to calculate the expected cost of risk based on the magnitude of the impact and probability of a risk event. The results show that there are 5 risks with the biggest costs, namely machine damage, personnel absenteeism due to health problems, delays in gathering news content, natural disasters during delivery, and decreased paper quality when it arrives at the end customer. Of the 5 risks with the largest total cost, a possible mitigation strategy is proposed to overcome these risks.


This article introduces some practical ways to approach teaching the Vietnam War. The topic can be taught in various contexts - Australian Curriculum: History Year 10, VCE Twentieth Century Unit 2 and VCE Australian History Unit 4.


An active noise control system for ducted fan noise was built that uses actuators located in stator vanes. The actuators were piezoelectric benders manufactured using the THUNDER technology and were custom designed for the application. The active noise control system was installed in the NASA ANCF rig. Four actuator array with a total of 168 actuators in 28 stator vanes were used. Simultaneous reductions of acoustic power in both the inlet and exhaust duct were demonstrated for a fan disturbance that contained two radial mode orders in both inlet and exhaust. Total power levels in the target modes were reduced by up to 9 dB in the inlet and total tone levels by over 6 dB while exhaust power levels were reduced by up to 3 dB. Far field sound pressure level reductions of up to 17 dB were observed. A simpler control system, matched to the location of the disturbance with two radial actuator arrays, was demonstrated to control total acoustic power in four disturbance modes simultaneously in inlet and exhaust. The vane actuator met the requirements given for the ANCF, although in practice the performance of the system was limited by the constraints of the power amplifiers and the presence of control spillover. The vane actuators were robust. None of the 168 vane actuators failed during the tests.


Abstract An algorithm to trace the itinerary of a snow ploughing truck that respects street priorities is developed. It is based on the notion of an Eulerian circuit in a directed graph, the existence of which is guaranteed due to the nature of the snow ploughing problem. The algorithm can be easily programmed in an interactive form on a micro-computer. The computer output presents the truck itinerary, each street given with its priority and the cumulative percentage of the street length with the same priority already ploughed with respect to the total length for that priority.


This paper aims to understand how the research scholars of faculty of applied sciences in the University of Kerala manage personal information through internet services. Personal Information Management(PIM) refers to a set of activities a person perform in order to acquire or create, store, organize, maintain, retrieve, use and distribute personal information for different purposes. Questionnaire method was employed for data collection and out of the 59 respondents, 69.6% females and 30.4% male scholars are using their lap tops for managing personal information. Majority of the respondents prefer e-mail as the most used internet service for personal information management with a mean value 2.41. Majority of the respondents agree that they know more about managing their personal information and apply it on research work. The study also revealed that major difficulties faced by research scholars are inadequate awareness of managing information via Internet. Most of the time research scholars store only that personal information that they want to share with others. Majority always afraid of putting their sensitive personal information at internet services because of privacy concern.


This paper introduces the design and optimization of a new piezo-driven compact XY parallel stage for micro/nano-positioning applications. The compact parallel stage is developed with a stacked design. A displacement amplifier is adopted to amplify the stroke of piezo actuator. The amplifier is then improved and integrated with the decoupler to isolate the two actuators. The main design variables of the stage are optimized by applying a genetic algorithm based on finite-element analysis (FEA) for achieving the required performance. The designed stage is then further improved to enhance the stage's performance. The performance of the proposed XY precision stage is verified by performing FEA simulation studies.


The purpose of this study is to identify didactic strategies for the use of lyrics in children's religious education. This is done to enhance and facilitate children's spiritual growth by means of singing lyrics. The study pays particular attention to the recognition of the role of lyrics in Christian religious education as a maturing agent. Lyrics help to provide children with the opportunity to communicate with God by revealing God's characteristics through theoretical and doctrinal content in an artistic form. Lyrics enrich children's religious development by helping them to express their joy and praise of God. Lyrics can also help children to experience a special quality of fellowship when they sing together. Lyrics ease the stiffness which can occur during the process of education. The survey of lyrics in Christian history also reveals that lyrics played an essential role in the lives of Christians throughout history. Lyrics have been used for worship, education, evangelisation and fellowship. Lyrics have functioned as a medium in which people have conversations with God and worship Him. They have also been a delightful source through which people learn about God through joyful experiences. Lyrics have helped Christians to establish true fellowship in their faith by singing together. The study reveals, however, that lyrics today do not seem to be effective in supporting people, including children, in their encounters with God. As much as lyrics can help children, they can also be obstacles to children's spiritual growth because of their inappropriate contents or improper ways of presentation. Children might misunderstand religious concepts by acquiring "unfamiliar" doctrine from lyrics. It seems that children can also develop inappropriate ideas and attitudes about worshipping under the influence of self-oriented or fun-seeking styles of lyrics. This potential of lyrics to influence children either positively or negatively is often overlooked. The question that may be raised is: what should be done to facilitate the lyric's maturing role and to keep it from being a hindrance in children's religious education? This study attempts to identify systematic and scientific didactic approaches of teaching lyrics as a way of heightening the positive role of lyrics in children's spiritual growth. For the identification of didactic strategies which are best suited for children's spiritual growth, the study presents approaches in which systems of coherent ideas, findings, activities and views concerning instruction and learning are performed. The didactic strategies are illustrated in three main phases, i.e. introductory, executive and assessment phases. Essential characteristics of the instruction-learning phenomenon in all its facets are absorbed into the theory as an overall guide for every teaching situation. The study makes an effort to apply these didactic strategies to the practical situation of teaching lyrics. Korean children are chosen as the subjects for the teaching oflyrics and their religious development is empirically investigated as the basic research on the understanding of the learner in the didactic situation. The application of the general approaches to the definite and specific situation of teaching Korean children is Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za


Purpose:The purpose of this study was to determine those factors which could contribute to the development of necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC) in fullterm. Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the medical record of 20 full-terms with NEC(≥modified Bell's staging criteria IIa) who were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Il Sin Christian hospital from January 1998 through July 2005, and for each case, the next 2 healthy newborns were matched as controls. Results:Mean gestational age and birth weight in the fullterm with NEC group was 38.42 weeks and 2,915 g; in the healthy fullterm without NEC group, it was 38.61 weeks and 3,148 g. When compared with the control group, NEC infants had a significantly higher frequency of chorioamnionitis, protracted diarrhea. As for Apgar score at 1 min


The core aim of this study is to propose a novel computational procedure, namely, Elzaki transform iterative method to work out two-dimensional nonlinear time-fractional Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation numerically. We execute the suggested iterative procedure on two models and results are presented graphically in the form of surface plot and absolute error is compared with the VIM and HPM to show that the method is more powerful than VIM and HPM and deduce that the offered numerical pattern is more efficient in simulating linear and nonlinear fractional order models.


This paper synthesizes the differences in the predictive power of multidimensional firm characteristics on organizational resilience and further identifies the key characteristics and their specific impact patterns. It is found that the firm's stability during the crisis depends more on the pre‐crisis firm's operating conditions, while the post‐crisis firm's flexibility depends more on the firm's internal and external resources. Besides, some firm characteristics rank higher in predicting the importance of organizational resilience. This study examines organizational resilience characteristics from a more comprehensive perspective and provides empirical evidence on how managers can better respond to systemic crises and enhance organizational resilience.


The breakthrough of digital technologies into the TV domain achieved through the work of MPEG2, on an international scale, and the DVB, on a European scale, had been fully anticipated by EUTELSAT. The Organization was therefore in a position to actively participate in the elaboration of the DVB-S specification and adopt approaches which are adapted to the particularities of the EUTELSAT space segment and allow for an early and smooth introduction of digital TV services. In the field of HDTV, EUTELSAT, by means of the FLASH-TV project, has promoted the development of the first fully operational digital HDTV contribution system. (7 pages)


The purpose of this article is to present the summary of studies accomplished under a research project concerning the vital role of early identification of the urgent need to take decisive allostatic action for business survival. This paper provides an overview of the research on early identification of the urgent need to take decisive allostatic action for business survival. There was implemented a very specific procedure of diagnosing and positioning organizational situation represented by FOGT business during a particular period of time from 2015 to 2017. The organizational situation of researched company is determined by a recognized level of organizational effectiveness or potential ineffectiveness caused by dysfunctions. The diagnosis is based on qualitative, long lasted depth analysis of the organizational situation of the researched company by means of the author's own implement named "The Business Life Cycle Model of Organizational Effectiveness Influenced by Dysfunctions". The measuring instrument (grading system) of this model is used to introduce the outcomes of the research work. All such way collected outcomes of each individual diagnosis gives the picture of overall organizational performance of given company annually, during the whole period of the research. The outcomes are adequately visualized on an appropriate scale, making the most of the model.


In using optimal smoothing algorithms to identify time-varying linear systems, one must specify the covariance of the sequence generating the time-variation, usually by experiment, applying knowledge of what behaviour is likely. Alternatively, such knowledge may determine the model of the time-variation, reducing the need for experiment. An identification algorithm representing the time variation as integrated random walks is derived, and its performance compared with that of the original random-walk algorithm.


The expressway facilities management system is becoming crucial for successful traffic management with the spreading of expressway construction in China. In this paper, the current expressway facilities management systems are analyzed. Due to lack of the spatiotemporal data management capability of these systems, a bi-temporal spatial data model is proposed, which combines the temporal relational data structure with the spatial data model. In considering the characteristics of expressway facilities management, the corresponding data structure and data manipulation steps are formulated. Hopefully the research would make a useful exploration for the expressway facilities management transformation from threedimension to spatiotemporal four-dimension.


In many attempts to image biomolecules like deoxyribonucleic acid with the atomic force microscope, the apparent width of the molecules exceeds the expected width as obtained by x-ray diffraction. This increase in size was explained by a geometrical tip convolution, but the increased width seems to persist despite improvements to the tip. Experimental evidence is shown that part of this increase is due to the liquid drag force when molecules are imaged under liquid. The liquid drag force is calculated using standard fluid dynamics where the tip motion in the liquid is modeled by the relative motion of a cylinder through a constant velocity fluid. The Reynold's number for the experimental configuration is smaller than 1, characterizing a laminar flow and the calculated drag force is 80 pN, which is in agreement with the experimentally measured force for ethanol and relative tip velocity of 100 μm/s. Both the viscous drag force and the apparent width increase may be modeled by a vk dependence, where v is th...


In conventional transmission line protection, a three - zone stepped directional distance system is used to provide the primary as well as remote backup protection. The voltage and current phasors needed by the distance relay for determining the impedance may be measured with integrated Phasor Measurement Unit. However, accuracy of this measurement may be affected by the power disturbances such as power swings and switching actions resulting in fast and slow DC offsets decaying and harmonics, etc. The quality of this measurement may cause mal-operation of distance relays which in turn may affect the reliability of the whole protective scheme. To mitigate these effects for improving the quality of measurements and hence the distance relay performance, this work proposes a new real-time digital filtering method for removing the unwanted DC offset and harmonics and hence improving SDFT algorithm. To validate the present method, the performance of developed distance relay is tested using signal generated by Simulink/MATLAB simulator under different conditions. The obtained simulation results are satisfactory.


Little information is available regarding the relative frequency of benign and malignant ovarian tumors in children and adolescents. This series of 353 primary ovarian neoplasms occurring in patients under 20 years of age indicates the comparative frequency of various types of tumors in young patients. Germ cell tumors, the most common category, represent 58% of all ovarian tumors in this age group and are more likely to be malignant (malignant teratoma, embryonal carcinoma, or dysgerminoma) than those in older patients. Epithelial neoplasms represent 19% of all neoplasms, but adenocarcinomas are extremely rare (three patients), and only two types, serous and mucinous, have been described. Gonadal stromal tumors, consisting largely of fibrothecomas, granulosa tumors, and arrhenoblastomas, are only slightly less common (18%).


Thank you very much for reading person and object a metaphysical study. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their chosen readings like this person and object a metaphysical study, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful virus inside their desktop computer. person and object a metaphysical study is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our digital library hosts in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the person and object a metaphysical study is universally compatible with any devices to read.


According to the feature of micro algae, a segmentation method of micro algae image is presented in the paper. The method includes image de-noising, image enhancement, edge extraction, dilation and erosion etc. The experiments demonstrate that the method presented in the paper can segment the micro algae image effectively.


Disclosed are a color filter which can satisfy a request for color reproduction and high brightness, and a display apparatus applying the same. The color filter comprises: a base substrate; and a color photoresist layer formed on the base substrate, and including a quantum dot and at least one among a photopolymerization photosensitive composition, pigment, and dye.


This study examines how both the content (i.e., denial vs. apology) and the verb voice (i.e., active voice vs. passive voice) of a crisis response affect the public's perception of crisis responsibility and, subsequently, the reputation of an organization accused of wrongdoing. The results of two experiments first show that an apology results in higher responsibility attributions than denial, which, in turn, adversely affects an organization's reputation. When we consider the verb voice of the message, a crisis response that is constructed in the passive voice reduces responsibility perceptions more than the active voice, leading to less reputational damage. An interaction effect shows, however, that this result only holds true for a passive denial strategy and not for apologies. As such, when an organization needs to deny an accusation, it seems wise to construct the message in the passive voice in order to strengthen the denial and effectively protect the organizational reputation.


This paper is concerned with the realisation of ton e in Lagwan, a Central Chadic language of the Kotoko group, spoken in Nort hern Cameroon, focusing on the verbal system. It will be shown th at the verbal system is interesting for such study, since, like many Chadic languages (cf. Schuh 1971), tone is lexically contrastive only for a min ority of verbs. This paper aims firstly to establish what factors determine th realisation of tone in Lagwan verbs; secondly, to consider why Lagwan allo ws two apparently different tonal systems to operate within the same lexical category. In fulfilling these objectives, my paper has the wider aim of placing the results within the broader context of natural phonological processes.


By injecting fluid, a cartridge (1) for extracting a beverage cartridge (1) comprises a main containment vessel suitable for containing the substance (2), the containment body (2) and is suitable for receiving the fluid, the beverage is extracted from the material, the containment body (2) comprises at least one opening for the beverage outflow (5), an opening (5) is injected fluids when the cartridge (1) is suitable for preventing an increase of internal pressure, the containment body (2) comprises a plurality of ridges for preventing the flow of beverage (6) in addition, a plurality of ridges (6), at the periphery of the at least one outlet opening (5), it is arranged in an array which is offset to one another.


We here report an optimized crossed aldol method for synthesis of 1,2-unsaturated carbonyl compound, 1,3-diphenylpropenone (82-93% yield) rely on alcoholic base assisted condensation of arylmethyl ketone with aromatic aldehydes. The method simply follows the conventional synthetic route however an extraordinary control over various reaction parameters enhance its synthetic practicability. Furthermore, a comparative study has been done to explore the scope for synthesis of 1,3-diphenylpropenone by crossed aldol reaction by solvent assisted method (SAM) and solvent-less method (SLM). Undeniably, solvent-less technique (90-95% yield) hold superiority however tuning of certain reaction parameters, leveled-up solvent assisted crossed aldol reaction, but not to an analogues platform.


Introduction Approach Design of experiments Preparation of sample solutions Stability of nitrate-ion concentrations Experiment A effects of variable pH Experiment B effects of variable nitrate-ion concentrations and constant pH Experiment C effects of major cation and anion concentrations Experiment bias Summary and conclusions References cited Page


Industrial plasma applications such as wire-arc spraying, lowvoltage circuit breakers and re-entry vehicle testing tunnels require understanding the dynamics of an arc in a cross flow [1]. A canonical atmospheric-pressure arc in crossflow is modeled for the first time using a time-dependent threedimensional (3D) thermodynamic nonequilibrium (NLTE) model. The nonequilibrium plasma flow model is casted as a single transient-advective-diffusive-reactive (TADR) system of transport equations and solved using a Variational Multiscale Finite Element Method (VMS-FEM), which provides a comprehensive and robust formulation suitable for the numerical solution of general multi-physics and multiscale transport problems [2]. The obtained results are validated with prior experimental [1] and computational results based on Local-Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE) formulations [3]. Figure 1 shows the arc in crossflow system together with representative simulation results. The established arc strongly interacts with the imposed cold inflow, which causes the arc deflection, convective heat losses, and thermodynamic nonequilibrium. The arc shape is mainly determined by electrode spacing, gas type, imposed total current, and the inflow velocity. The overall effect of the plasma – cold-gas interaction is explored by a non-dimensional analysis.


Object To select the optimum proportion of matrix f or the preparation process of Qingxin Sushi Tie (QST) by gelatia, gum tragacanth , glycerol, sodium acylate and Qingdai. Methods The process was studied by orthogonal test with visco sity, soft and hard measurement algefacient sentation, twinge sentation as detec tive marker. The quality of QST was comprehensively compared by the different pr oportion of matrix. Results The optimum proportion of matrix in QST was gelatia-gum tyagacanth-glycerol-sodium acylate-Qindai (8 0∶3 5∶ 20∶1 3∶3 0). Conclusion According to the optimum proportio n of matrix in QST, the QST with better quality can be prepared.


SPEeJAL SERIES WE are'reprinting in the next few Numbers a Series of Articles entitled " What Every Medical Officer Should Know About the Atomic Bonib," These articles appeared in the B~lletin oftheU:S. Army Medical Department. We wish to express our thanks to the Editor of the Bulletin-LieutenantColonel Wayne'G.Brandstadt~for permissio.n to reprint these articles in full. They are a series of papers prepared by the Special Projects Division, Office of th~ Surgeon General, 'and based on material presented in courses on medical a,spects of atomic explosion. It is unnecessary to emphasize the importance of this series.


Many researchers have used the birefringence of P‑to‑S converted waves from the Moho discontinuity to constrain the anisotropy of Earth's crust. However, this practice ignores the substantial influence that anisotropy has on the initial amplitude of the converted wave, which adds to the splitting acquired during its propagation from Moho to the seismometer. We find that large variations in Ps birefringence estimates with back-azimuth occur theoretically in the presence of P‑wave anisotropy, which normally accompanies S‑wave anisotropy. The variations are largest for crustal anisotropy with a tilted axis of symmetry, a geometry that is often neglected in birefringence interpretations, but is commonly found in Earth's crust. We simulated globally-distributed P‑coda datasets for 36 distinct 4‑layer crustal models with combinations of elliptical shear anisotropy or compressional anisotropy, and also incorporated the higher-order anisotropic Backus parameter C. We tested both horizontal and tilted symmetry-axis geometries and tested the birefringence tradeoff associated with Ps converted phases at the top and bottom of a thin high‑ or low‑velocity basal layer. We computed composite receiver functions (RFs) with harmonic regression over back azimuth, using multipletaper correlation with moveout corrections for the epicentral distances of 471 events, to simulate a realistic data set. We estimate Ps birefringence from the radial and transverse RFs, a strategy that is similar to previous studies. We find that Ps splitting can be a useful indicator of bulk crustal anisotropy only under restricted circumstance, either in media with no compressional anisotropy, or if the symmetry axis is horizontal throughout. In other, more-realistic cases, the inferred fast polarization of Ps birefringence estimated from synthetic RFs tends either to drift with back-azimuth, form weak penalty-function minima, or return splitting times that depend on the thickness of an anisotropic layer, rather than the birefringence accumulated within it.


HOT AIR GENERATOR WITH A FAN ESTABLISHING A CURRENT AIR HEATED BY ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE AND LEADING TO A HEATING PORT. According to the Invention, ORIFICE DRYING 22 FURTHER PROVIDED AND A COMPONENT mOUNTED 28 MOBILE BETWEEN A FIRST POSITION, WHICH OPENS FOR THE HEATING AND FARM PORT 20 PORT 22, AND A SECOND POSITION FOR WHICH OPENS AND CLOSES PORT 22 PORT 20 . THE iNVENTION IS APPLICABLE TO GENERATORS HOT AIR THAT HAVE TWO FUNCTIONS: THAT OF COOLER AND THAT OF HAIR dRYER .


Methods neurotraumatology the orbit the pituitary and parasellar region the base of the skull the temporal bone vascular diseases brain tumours posterior fossa and hydrocephalus meningiomas inflammatory diseases of the CNS demyelinating and degenerative diseases of the CNS spine and spinal cord.


The basic idea of goal management examining system is that the investment-production should be the core of goal management system. The financial benefit, property management, refund risk and development ability should be evaluated to lead the basic units' business behavior and direction and reflect the economic effect impersonally. The basic goals of examining system of goal management in construction enterprise are all objects, material and unambiguous contents, scientific and rational examining methods and optimized examining results. The contents of examining system of goal management in construction enterprise are establishing responsibility goal system, performance evaluation system and supervision and control system.


Based on the principle of autocorrelation and cross-correlation,the correlation principle is used widely to ameliorate the performance of measuring system or equipment,perfect the testing method and improve the accuracy in the field of time-frequency measurement.This paper simply introduces and analyzes the contribute of correlation principle in perfecting the testing method of frequency measurement and improving the resolution on time-compared.


A ZBTE article on the need to re-conceptualize the Home Economics curriculum to make it more relevant to the Zimbabwe Education/ Training system.


The author's box-counting method for assessing stochastic randomness in two-dimensional space can be enhanced when the area of residence is a square figure. A large improvement in the detection probability can be realized under the modification proposed even for very small populations.


Purpose

This paper aims to examine how firms respond to societal moral degradation in a transition economy from the corporate social responsibility (CSR) perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a survey of 302 firms operating in China and using hierarchical regression, this study explores the effect of societal moral degradation on firm CSR implementation.

Findings

The study finds that the amount of CSR performed by firms in a transition market will reduce when they face increased moral degradation in the business field. The authors also find that CSR philanthropy is more significantly deterred by societal moral degradation than CSR sustainability.

Practical implications

These findings reveal that firms conducting CSR initiatives need to strategically consider the great influence of environment. Meanwhile, strategic CSR decisions should be fully aware of the different characters of different CSR forms.

Originality/value

This paper draws on the strategic choice theory and contributes to understanding of the influence of specific environmental factors in transition economies on CSR implementation. Based on two main categories of CSR, this study develops a framework that explores how firms choose different CSR forms when they encounter severe moral degradation in business sector.


Stabilisation of a riverbed can be achieved by placing Individual stone blocks in the riverbed in a regular pattern. This has the effect of controlling riverbed degradation, is aesthetically acceptable, and can enhance the fisheries habitat. This paper presents the results of an experimental study conducted at WORKS Central Laboratories into the hydraulic behaviour of stabilised riverbeds. The case of low block densities has been specifically covered. A complete procedure for the design of stabilised riverbeds with blocks placed at low densities is outlined. This study is described fully in Whittaker, Hickman and Croad {1988).


Fischer−Tropsch synthesis is technically classified into two categories, the high-temperature Fischer−Tropsch (HTFT) and the low-temperature Fischer−Tropsch (LTFT) processes. The criterion for this classification is the operating temperature of the synthesis, which ranges between 310−340 °C for the HTFT process and 210−260 °C for the LTFT process. A Fischer−Tropsch facility can be divided into roughly three sections, synthesis gas (syngas) generation, FT synthesis, and refining of the synthetic crude (syncrude). Fischer−Tropsch refineries differ regarding the product upgrading, and both transportation fuels and chemicals can be produced. Regarding the FT refinery history, the configuration of each refinery also reflects the requirements of the fuel specification at that time. This paper gives a condensed overview of how Fischer−Tropsch facilities changed during the last 70 years and focuses in particular on the diesel fuel produced. Some conceptual flow schemes are additionally presented with emphasis on ...


Mex67p and Mtr2p constitute an essential mRNA export complex that interacts with poly(A)+ RNA and nuclear pore proteins. We have identified Yra1p, an intranuclear protein with in vitro RNA–RNA annealing activity, which directly binds to Mex67p. The complex between Yra1p and Mex67p was reconstituted in vitro and shown by UV‐crosslinking to bind directly to RNA. Mutants of YRA1 are impaired in nuclear poly(A)+ RNA export at restrictive growth conditions. ALY, the mouse homologue of Yra1p and a transcriptional co‐activator, can bind in vitro to yeast and human Mex67p and partly complements the otherwise non‐viable yra1 null mutant. Thus, Yra1p is the first RNA‐binding protein characterized, which bridges the shuttling Mex67p/Mtr2p exporter to intranuclear mRNA transport cargoes.


A series of twelve oils and five source rocks and potential source rocks from the Surat Basin have been subjected to detailed geochemical analyses. Particular attention has been given to determining the distribution of various classes of biomarkers such as the steranes and triterpanes. The results from this study have shown that the Cabawin oil is derived from the Permian Back Creek Formation and has a high content of marine organic source material. The Triassic/Jurassic oils have a different source from the Cabawin oil and are dominated by land plant source material. Within the Triassic/Jurassic oils there are subtle variations in biomarker distributions suggesting that some oils may have small but additional amounts of different source materials. A number of Cretaceous and Jurassic potential source rocks (i.e. Walloon) have biomarker parameters clearly indicating levels of maturity at which oil generation is impossible. A number of the oils in this basin are extensively biodegraded. In particular biodegradation has been very heavy in the Riverslea/Yapunyah area. With the exception of Conloi oil, all the oils appear to have been exposed to similar levels of maturity. A biomarker migration parameter has provided some tentative evidence to suggest that, in general, oils in the southern part of the basin have migrated further than those in the northern part. In summary, the biomarker data from oils and source rocks of the Surat Basin have been used to provide a new insight into the origin of the Surat Basin oils and their post-formation history.


The exploration of dopant‐free hole‐transporting materials (HTM) with excellent optoelectronic properties and defect passivation ability is of great significance for simultaneously improving the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, two donor–acceptor (D–A) type conjugated polymers PTTDZ‐F and PTTDZ‐Cl with alternating benzodithiophene (BDT) and thienothiadiazole (TTD) units are successfully developed with desirable hole mobilities and conductivities. The formation of non‐covalent interaction (S···N) between thiophene bridge and TTD units significantly improved the co‐planarity of the molecular backbone and promoted the intramolecular charge‐transfer from BDT to TTD. The hydrophobicity and energy levels of the polymers are finely regulated via introducing different halogen atoms on the BDT moiety. Moreover, the functional groups in polymers efficiently passivate the surface charged traps in perovskite. As a result, champion power conversion efficiencies of 21.50% and 22.20% along with negligible hysteresis have been achieved for devices based on dopant‐free PTTDZ‐F and PTTDZ‐Cl, respectively. The unencapsulated devices also demonstrate excellent long‐term operational stability. Over 93% of their initial efficiencies can be retained after 320 h of maximum output power point tracking under 1 sun illumination (white light LED array). This study paves a new avenue for developing highly stable and efficient HTMs for PSCs.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The industrial synthesis of compounds of formula (the I), wherein R and R 'are the same or different and each represents a linear or branched (C


The project resource leveling problem was proposed to smooth resource usage and reduce resource fluctuation, while the resource-constrained project scheduling problem focuses on minimizing the project duration with limited resources. Solving the two interrelated problems separately is unlikely to result in a globally optimum schedule. The few integrated optimization methods that have been developed favor a predetermined resource profile that may be difficult to achieve. This paper proposes an integrated scheduling method to minimize the project duration and resource fluctuation by using the strength Pareto evolutionary approach II (SPEA II) which outperformed several other multi-objective optimization techniques in solving the resource-constrained project scheduling problem. An innovative chromosome representation scheme for SPEA II was proposed. A set of case studies were tested to compare the optimization performance of the proposed method with the best of the existing techniques. The results showed that the method yields better results than popular methods presented in the literature.


Adoptive families are created through the law, not by biol ogy or blood. Although there is a long history in this country of some children being raised by adults other than their biological parents, legal recognition of these families was not generally available until states began enacting formal adoption laws in the mid-nineteenth century. Today, an adoption decree is only available from state courts?and in some instances Indian tribal courts? once they find that the necessary legal prerequisites have been satisfied and that the proposed adoption is in the best interests of the child. The decree


The mechanism of the enzyme- and antibody-catalyzed Claisen rearrangement of chorismate to prephenate was investigated experimentally on model compounds and by using quantum chemistry calculations at the Becke3LYP/6-31G* level of theory. Conformational restriction of the allyl vinyl ether fragment to the reactive chairlike conformation in 1 induces a 2 × 105-fold rate acceleration (ΔΔG⧧ = 7.3 kcal/mol) of the Claisen rearrangement in C6D6 relative to an unrestricted analogue 3. A direct relationship between activation barrier lowering and the distance between reactive termini has been observed in additional model systems. Compression of the reactive centers from 4.0 to 3.0 A results in a barrier lowering from 24 kcal/mol to 12 kcal/mol in one conformationally restricted model. Further compression reduces the activation barrier to a mere 4 kcal/mol. Rearrangement rate increases via conformational restriction and reactive center compression derive mainly from ground-state destabilization in which entropic f...


Implementing the strategy of rural rejuvenation is an important opportunity for "agriculture, rural areas, and rural people", especially for rural people. However, a large number of modern resources are needed to invest in the construction of agricultural countryside. In order to solve the problem of talent insufficiency in the agricultural countryside, talents from all walks of life should be cultivated and attracted to devote energy to rural construction. This article tries to deeply analyze the demand for talents in the development of rural e-commerce in Hubei under the strategy of revitalizing the countryside, innovating the training path and practice mode of cultivating rural e-commerce talents in universities of Hubei to develop rural e-commerce in Hubei and solve the employment and entrepreneurship problems of a large number of college students returning to their hometown. Keywords—rural revitalization; rural e-commerce; practical mode of college students' entrepreneurship


Chemical analysis of the stunning Muisca metalwork shows that the alloys of copper and gold were especially composed for each offering. Traditionally, the Muisca objects have been collected and studied as works of art. Our authors show that when it comes to drawing understanding of people from the objects they have left us, context is all. The results have much to reveal to metallurgists and students of symbolic metalwork everywhere.


Objects in space are regularly hit by charged particles that stream in from the wider Milky Way, including cosmic rays. Cosmic rays can cause electronic damage if they hit space hardware and threaten human health on crewed missions to Earth orbit, when astronauts are less protected from radiation by our planet's atmosphere. The threat posed by cosmic rays will be even greater for crewed missions that will venture further into space, for example to the Moon and Mars.


Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A (SpeA) is a superantigen produced by Streptococcus pyogenes and is associated with severe infections characterized by rash, hypotension, multiorgan failure and a high mortality rate. In this study, an allelic form of this toxin, SpeA1, was crystallized with four molecules in the crystallographic asymmetric unit and its crystal structure was determined at 2.6 Å resolution. The crystallographic R‐factor was 19.4% (33 497 reflections) for 7031 protein atoms and 88 water molecules. The overall structure of SpeA1 is considerably similar to that of other prototype microbial superantigens, either of staphylococcal or streptococcal origin, but has greatest similarity to staphylococcal enterotoxin C (SEC). Based on structural and mutagenesis data, we have mapped several important residues on the toxin molecule, which are involved in the recognition of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules and T‐cell receptors. Also, the toxin appears to possess a potential zinc‐binding site which may have implications in binding to particular MHC class II molecules. Finally, we propose models for SpeA1–MHC class II and SpeA1–T‐cell receptor association and the relevance of this phenomenon to the superantigenic action of this toxin is considered.


Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of the concentration of stearic acid and cellulose from tapioca processing solid waste on the characteristics of tapioca foam biocomposite and glucomannan and to determine the optimal concentration of stearic acid and cellulose from tapioca processing solid waste so as to produce the best characteristics of tapioca foam and glucomannan biocomposite. This study used a randomized block design with two factors. Factor I is the concentration of stearic acid which consists of 3 levels (2% ; 4% ; 6%). Factor II is the concentration of maleic anhydride which consists of 3 levels (2.5%; 5%; 7.5%). The variables observed were tensile strength/breaking stress (tensile strength), density (mass density), tear resistance, compression set, thickness, swelling, and biodegradation time. The data obtained were analyzed for diversity (ANOVA) and continued with Duncan's test using Microsoft Excel 2016. The results showed that the concentration of stearic acid had a very significant effect on tensile strength, tear resistance, compressibility, swelling, biodegradation, but had no significant effect on density and thickness. The concentration of cellulose has a very significant effect on tensile strength, tear resistance, compressibility, swelling, biodegradation and has a significant effect on thickness, but has no significant effect on density. The interactions have a very significant effect on tensile strength, tear resistance, permanent compression, swelling, biodegradation, but have no significant effect on density and thickness. Concentration of 6% stearic acid and 5% cellulose produced the best foam biocomposite with tensile strength value of 0.69 N/cm2, tear resistance 0.49 N/cm2, density 0.20 g/ml, constant compression 7.61%, thickness 10 .27 mm, swelling 0.55%, and degradation time for 13.67 days.
Keywords: Biocomposite foam, tapioca, glucomannan, stearic acid, cellulose.


Pesticide risk indicators provide simple support in the assessment of environmental and health risks from pesticide use, and can therefore inform policies to foster a sustainable interaction of agriculture with the environment. For their relative simplicity, indicators may be particularly useful under conditions of limited data availability and resources, such as in Less Developed Countries (LDC). However, indicator complexity can vary significantly, in particular between those that rely on an exposure-toxicity ratio (ETR) and those that do not. In addition, pesticide risk indicators are usually developed for Western contexts, which might cause incorrect estimation in LDCs. This study investigated the appropriateness of seven pesticide risk indicators for use in LDCs, with reference to smallholding agriculture in Colombia. Seven farm-level indicators, among which 3 relied on an ETR (POCER, EPRIP, PIRI) and 4 on a non-ETR approach (EIQ, PestScreen, OHRI, Dosemeci et al., 2002), were calculated and then compared by means of the Spearman rank correlation test. Indicators were also compared with respect to key indicator characteristics, i.e. user friendliness and ability to represent the system under study. The comparison of the indicators in terms of the total environmental risk Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 142 (2011) 238– 245, DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2011.05.014 1


Background. It has been shown that the p53 gene is mutated in 30‐80% of ovarian carcinomas and that the genetic alterations most often manifest as an accumulation of mutant p53 protein in tumor tissue. The prognostic significance of these findings for patients with ovarian cancer, however, must be established clearly.


A large number of corporations are jointly developing various Cloud platforms. However, problems have occurred in resource management due to multiple number of platforms that were not integrated at the time of development of the Cloud federation service. If user uses heterogeneous platform, there arises difficulty in resources management. Therefore, there is a need to develop a federation monitoring system that can perform efficient management, exclude overlapping data and integrate the management of each platform when using heterogeneous platform. As such, this thesis proposes SFA-based Cloud Federation Monitoring System for Integrating Physical Resources that can integrate the physical resources. This system is composed of 4 modules, namely, the Component Manager, Aggregator Manager, Registry Manager and Slice Manager.


Lossless compression achieves only modest data reduction in noisy medical image sequences such as digital coronary angiograms. Lossy compression achieves greater reductions, but diagnostic performance criteria for use of lossy compression in dynamically displayed image sequences have yet to be established. We performed a quantitative perception study to measure low contrast feature detectability within moving simulated arterial segments inserted frame by frame into actual human cardiac cine radiographs to produce dynamic displays with realistic quantum and structure noise. Thirty-frame angiograms were displayed in loop format at 15 fps. Three subjects made 200 observations of the original images and at each of three levels of JPEG compression in a four-alternative forced-choice experiment. Compressions of 6:1, 12:1, and 18:1 resulted in average relative detectability of 102%, 95%, and 64%, respectively, compared to the original images. Only the detectability loss at 18:1 reached statistical significance at the p<0.05 confidence level in this study. We conclude that observer performance techniques are able to quantify specific changes in actual diagnostic information. Our preliminary data suggest that detection of low contrast objects in coronary angiograms is not degraded for JPEG compression ratios of 12:1 or less.


The present invention relates to a Chinese medicine composite with the functions of reducing blood pressure, reducing blood-lipid, relieving dizziness and stabilizing wind. Said Chinese medicine composite is made up by using the Chinese medicinal materials of gastrodia root, eucommia bark, wild chrysanthemum flower, eucommia leaf and ligusticum root, and can obtain obvious therapeutic effect for curing hypertension, arteriosclerosis, hypelipemia and the diseases of headache, dizziness, giddiness, tinnitus and sleepless due to them. Said invention also provides its preparation method and its application.


Many Android apps include third-party libraries for advertising, payment, social media, etc. However, since the library code runs with the same privilege as the app code, the app developer has to either trust the library, a potential security risk, or refrain from using untrusted libraries. We designed and implemented SurgeScan, a framework for specifying and enforcing security policies on untrusted third-party code. We call this third-party codeplugins, as SurgeSCAN supports both statically and dynamically loaded code. SurgeScan consists of a static analysis component and code rewriting component. To use SurgeScan, the app developer selects a security policy that declares security-sensitive methods in the Android API. Then, using static analysis, SurgeScan finds all the Android API calls in the plugin binary that may reach those security-sensitive methods, and generates AspectJ code for enforcing the security policy on those API calls. Next, SuRGEScAN runs AspectJ to weave the policy into the plugin. After that, the app can safely load the plugin. SurgeScan requires no modification to the OS and incurs negligible runtime overhead. We describe our algorithms for achieving high accuracy in our static analysis. To evaluate SuRGEScAN, we designed policies on network and sensor access and applied them to open source apps. We demonstrated various use scenarios for SurgeScan, including securing distributed network measurement, securing ad libraries, controlling uI and screen estate, and patching applications.


The delay and multiply (D&M) receiver can be used in the detection/estimation of the symbol rate parameter of a digitally modulated carrier. A symbol rate-line is found in the power spectrum of the D&M output along with other background noise terms due to the signal itself and receiver input additive Gaussian noise. The correlation function of the D&M nonlinearity output is a special case of the fourth moment function (sequence) of the input process. The relation between the output power spectrum and the fourth moment spectrum of the input is established. The rateline generating components of the input signal are shown to be contained in the fourth cumulant sequence of the input. Since the cumulant sequence of order greater than two is zero for a Gaussian process, a rate-line detection scheme which uses the fourth cumulant spectrum (trispectrum) is investigated. For an input signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 0 dB computer simulation shows that an output rate-line SNR improvement of about 4.3 dB may be possible.<<ETX>>


The Susquehanna Symphomy gave the world premiere of 'Dearly Ransomed Soul' by David Osbon on the 9th of March 2019 in Bel Air, Maryland USA


The distribution system operator has a major responsibility of improving the system reliability and maintaining the system loss to minimum. This paper proposes a novel method of utilizing renewable generation units as Distributed Generator (DG) to simultaneously reduce distribution loss and improve distribution system reliability with the support of reclosers. The distribution system performance is improved by comparing the power loss minimization objective and Energy Not Supplied (ENS) minimization objective. The objectives are formulated as an optimization problem and solved using eminent searching feature of Cuckoo Search algorithm. By solving the non-linear objective functions, the optimal size of photovoltaic (PV) arrays and wind turbines are determined. The system is investigated with multiple DG locations identified through Loss Sensitivity Factor (LSF) and further extended by introducing reclosers for reliability improvement using analytical method. The proposed idea is tested in small and medium sized radial distribution systems.


The modified Siemens process is the primary technology of polycrystalline production at present. The Siemens reactor, which is the main equipment in the modified Siemens process, consists of a chamber where several high purity silicon slim rods are heated by an electric current flowing through them. The temperature on the rod centre must be under melting temperature of silicon (1687K) in order to avoid its breaking-down because of an uneven temperature profile of the silicon rod. Therefore the temperature profile of the silicon rod heated by direct current (DC) has been investigated by molding. The current density profile of silicon rod has also been studied to investigate the interaction of current density and temperature. The results show that the temperature is not homogeneous in the rod and the temperature in the center of the polysilicon rod is 1750K which is much higher than the melting temperature (1687K) when the temperature is 1423K on the surface of polysilicon and the radius of rod is 5cm. Therefore, the maximum growth radius of the polysilicon rod in Siemens reactor should be less than 5cm when the joule heating generated by DC. The current density increases from the center to the surface of the polysilicon rod.


Thermophysiological comfort properties of polyester elastane-plated fabric have been studied by varying the polyester filament shape factor, elastane linear density, and fabric loop length. Thermal and evaporative resistances were measured using sweating guarded hot plate. Absorption and wicking properties were measured using M/K GATS. Moisture management properties were measured by moisture management tester. Multilinear regression equations were calculated for all the properties by using generalized linear model (GLM). The hypothesis tests were performed on estimated model (GLM) and the probability values (p-values) were calculated for each variable. Most of the heat and moisture transmission properties were found to be significantly affected by all three variables (i.e. filament shape factor, elastane linear density, and fabric loop length) at 95% level of significance.


A batch training algorithm for feed-forward networks is proposed which uses Newton's method to estimate a vector of optimal learning factors, one for each hidden unit. Backpropagation, using this learning factor vector, is used to modify the hidden unit's input weights. Linear equations are then solved for the network's output weights. Elements of the new method's Gauss-Newton Hessian matrix are shown to be weighted sums of elements from the total network's Hessian. In several examples, the new method performs better than backpropagation and conjugate gradient, with similar numbers of required multiplies. The method performs as well as or better than Levenberg-Marquardt, with several orders of magnitude fewer multiplies due to the small size of its Hessian.


Since the earliest days of P. K. Dick scholarship the SFnal works of the Californian writer have been repeatedly labelled "dystopian," even though such a categorization sounded more like a critical commonplace than the result of a painstaking and detailed analysis of his oeuvre. This article focuses on one of the most important novels written by Dick, A Scanner Darkly (1977), and a less celebrated one, Radio Free Albemuth (1985), as the most interesting examples of his dystopian imagination. While skeptical about the contention that Dick's SF is mostly dystopian (as dystopia theories help us to tell the difference between dystopian and pessimistic narratives), these two novels show that their author reinterpreted the dystopian tradition stemming from Huxley, Orwell, and Zamjatin in a most original way through the figure of the informant, which becomes central both in Scanner and Albemuth, and constitutes one more embodiment of the characteristically Dickian split subjectivity.


Different contents in the femoral hernia have been reported in the literature, but herniation of the fallopian tube in a femoral hernia is very rare due to its normal anatomical position. CASE Report: A 58 year-old woman, mother of 5 children, she has admitted to surgical ward with a painful lump in the right groin. It had recently increased in size. Clinical examination revealed a 4 cm × 3 cm tender, irreducible, nonpulsatile mass in the right groin just under the inguinal ligament. There was no cough impulse. A diagnosis of a femoral hernia was made. Exploration of the mass confirmed the diagnosis of the femoral hernia, but sac contained the right fallopian tube. The uterine tube was easily reduced back into the abdomen as it looked healthy and the hernia defect was repaired with Mac Vay technique. The patient made good recovery. CONCLUSION: This case is educational as it highlights the importance of managing women with femoral masses with care.


The article analyzes the trends of financial results of construction companies during 2010 - 2019 by studying the slope of the trend line in the periods before and after 2014. The configuration features and the parameters of the equations of trend dependences of the share of profitable enterprises by type of construction activity. For the slope coefficients of the trend equations, a cluster analysis was performed using the C-means method, and the reliability of the results of the obtained cluster partitioning was proved. The criteria for restoring the profitability of the construction industry are substantiated, which are based on the results of a cluster analysis of the share growth of profitable enterprises in terms of the main areas of construction activity. Authors conducted a study of the segment of consumers that use services of small construction enterprises, represented by urban households. The results of it allowed, first, to structure potential consumers of services for overhaul and construction depending on their resources, and secondly, to quantify the impact of key components of cash flow and current consumer cost on purchasing power of the analyzed segment, thirdly, to establish reserves to increase the income of contractors in the segment and the possibility of reducing them. By constructing and analyzing the configuration of the distribution curve of expenditures on capital repairs and construction of urban households, its inconsistency with the conditions of the Pareto rule was established: instead of 20:80, about 20% of income in the construction market segment is provided by 47% of the poorest households. The other part, almost 80%, is formed by 53% of households with higher incomes. The threshold value of household income per 1 person is substantiated, failure to achieve which leads to savings in costs for repair and construction services. Its value is 6,000 UAH / month in 2019 prices.


pertaining extreme forms of shift a large segment of the in the industry. The pattern of sleep, prevalence of anxiety and depression and the overall impact of the nature of their employment on their lifestyle were studied in a segment of BPO workers employed in the call centers around New


familiar objects") was associated with EC tau (r1⁄40.317, p1⁄40.018) and item 13 ("Making decisions about everyday matters") was associated with ITL tau (r1⁄40.296, p1⁄40.028). Conclusions: A mixture of language, executive function, and memory informant concerns as well as memory and executive self-concerns were most strongly associated with tau deposition. These findings suggest that concerns across both memory and non-memory domains are important markers of pathology. Given that the CCI-20 is relatively short and easy to administer, this measure may be useful to include in future studies. References: [1] Buckley et al. (2017) JAMA Neurology. [2] Jessen et al. (2010) Arch Gen Psychiatry.


SUCH A MO~OGRAPH COMPELS ADMIRATION and a certain amount of awe. Its very achievements compel me to question some of its ideas about the making of South African modernity. With Rereading The Imperial Romance, Laura Chrisman has written a brilliant monograph on South African literary history, or to be more precise, that moment across the nineteenth century when it was under British imperial domination. The monograph impresses with its theoretical sophistication, ideological certitudes, historical awareness, political combativeness and its quests to open new epistemological territories. In its objective of seeking to re-map this particular political and cultural geography of literary history, breaking down imaginative boundaries, shifting them when necessary in order to construct new ones, the monograph canvasses all kinds of theoretical constructs from Marxism through postmodernism to postcolonial studies. In its quest, Rereading The Imperial Romance does not hesitate for a moment in butting heads with Fredric Jameson, Homi Bhabha, Edward Said, Nadine Gordimer, Paul Gilroy, Mazisi Kunene, Gayatri C. Spivak and quite a few other prominent intellectuals, writers and critics. The monograph undertakes a theoretical and political analysis of the 1i terary genre of the imperial romance as it was realized and represented in H. Rider Haggard's King Solomon's Mines (1885) and Nada the Lily (1892), in Olive Schreiner's Trooper Peter Ha/Ret of Mashonaland (1897) and in Solomon T. Plaatje's Mhudi (1930). Chrisman does not make clear whether the concept of the genre of the imperial romance is similar to Georg Lukacs's concept of the historical novel, in his The Theory of the Novel, which according to his book came into being with Sir Walter Scott during Napoleonic era, when the masses participated in the making of history. What she makes clear is that literary scholars and literary historians who study this particular segment of literary history have not taken seriously enough the literary genre of the imperial romance


As the core of human resources management,performance management is very important to promote the core competitiveness of enterprises,to realize the strategic targets and to raise benefits.Based on the theory of performance management,this paper researches the performance management system of Shangluo Tobacco Company,and designs the performance management scheme.Firstly,this article analyzes the problem of performance management system of Shangluo Tobacco Company,and accounts for what lead to them,then redesigns the performance management system.Finally,the paper creates hierarchical structure model of implementation methods,and calculates the countermeasures' weight using Matlab 6.5 to support the decision-making of the company.


The article describes turbulent combustion in the front of a spherical flame of the fuel-air mixture in a spark-ignition engine. The paper considers two mathematical models of the workflow : a well-known "entrainment or eddy burning model" and a "laminar model of turbulent combustion" in the authors' version of this paper. Both models are based on the Damköhler hypothesis (Damköhler G., 1940) on the turbulent combustion of gas, but have a significant difference in the mathematical formulation. Although both models contain empirical parameters, the authors' model is much simpler and clearer. In numerical simulation, both mathematical models produce similar results. The authors also propose a "combined mathematical model of frontal turbulent combustion".


A mean-field theory is used to study the chiral phase transition at finite temperature. The critical temperature and the phase diagram are obtained.


Intracavitory brachytherapy (ICBT) plays a major role in management of malignancy of cervix uterus. The amount of dose to be delivered to tumor volume depends upon the likely doses the rectum and bladder are going to receive because high doses to rectum and bladder could result in unmanageable complications. The complications depend upon the doses received by the rectum and bladder, the volume involved and the dose rates at which doses are received. Hence there is need to measure the actual doses received by the rectum and bladder during ICBT of cervix uterus.


Genomic techniques are being developed within oncology and beginning to be experienced within routine cancer care. Little is known about how these tools feature in patients' experiences of treatment decision making.


The invention discloses a pin-gear transmission device, comprising driving wheel, composite pin wheel and driven wheel. The invention also discloses a light folding bicycle adopting the pin-gear transmission device, comprising front pipe module, back pipe module, bicycle frame, wheel and a pin-gear transmission device. The composite pin wheel has big and small pin wheels, which are set together. The back tube module is set on the seat pipe bicycle frame. The driving wheel of pin-gear transmission device is connected to the middle lower part of bicycle frame by middle shaft. Pedal crank is fixed on the middle shaft of driving wheel. The composite pin wheel is matched on the composite wheel shaft. The composite wheel shaft is fixed on V-shape connecting pipe and the driven wheel is set on the back wheel shaft. The invention is provided with small cubage compared with prior folding bicycle. After the bicycle is folded the maximum size is 55cm length, 35cm width and 16cm thickness. The total cubage is 0. 03m2. The total weight is in 5-8kg. Folding time is 10 seconds and unfolding time is 5 seconds.


Transmission-line modelling (TLM) is a valuable technique for numerical simulation of electromagnetic fields. Recently, investigations have been successfully carried out into the use of the TLM approach on unstructured meshes However, as the local characteristics of mesh geometry will clearly make an impact upon the fidelity of simulations, it is necessary to examine suitable techniques for mesh optimisation. Three different methods have been investigated here to find optimal meshes for subsequent TLM simulations: the centroidal Voronoi Tessellation method, the optimal Delaunay triangulation method and a spring relaxation method. These different techniques are assessed in terms of maximum efficiency of the subsequent TLM simulations and the computational cost that is incurred to identify them. Several different canonical examples of mesh are considered to determine the generality of the conclusions drawn.


The effects of ammonium sulfate at 1 lb/A and crop oil concentrate at 1.25% vol/vol were determined at the high and low day/night temperatures of 85/70 °F and 70/55 °F. Five days after treatment (DAT) at 85/70 °F day/night temperatures, leaf drop was 17% with no adjuvant, 37% with addition of crop oil concentrate, 40% with ammonium sulfate, and 75% with both adjuvants combined. At 70/55 °F day/night temperatures, there was less than 10% leaf drop with all treatments at 5 DAT. At 10 DAT, leaf drop was not different among treatments between the high or low temperatures.


The coat weight and coat uniformity were the important factors of corrosion resistance on passivation product.By research on roller coating process,heating temperature and surface roughness,the optimized process for environmentally compatible hot-dip galvanized passivation production were obtained in Panzhihua Iron and Steel Group Company.


July 30, 2019 Dear Dr. Dawson, Thank you for your review of our manuscript and for sharing the reviewers' helpful suggestions for improving it. We have revised the manuscript based on the reviewers' feedback, and responded point-by-point to their comments below. We very much appreciate the time you have taken to review our work, and the opportunity to resubmit this manuscript to your journal. Sincerely, Günther Fink, on behalf of the study authors


Most hash tables have an insertion time of $O(1)$, possibly qualified as expected and/or amortised. While insertions into cuckoo hash tables indeed seem to take $O(1)$ expected time in practice, only polylogarithmic guarantees are proven in all but the simplest of practically relevant cases. Given the widespread use of cuckoo hashing to implement compact dictionaries and Bloom filter alternatives, closing this gap is an important open problem for theoreticians. In this paper, we show that random walk insertions into cuckoo hash tables take $O(1)$ expected amortised time when any number $k \geq 3$ of hash functions is used and the load factor is below the corresponding peeling threshold (e.g. $\approx 0.81$ for $k = 3$). To our knowledge, this is the first meaningful guarantee for constant time insertion for cuckoo hashing that works for $k \in \{3,\dots,9\}$. In addition to being useful in its own right, we hope that our key-centred analysis method can be a stepping stone on the path to the true end goal: $O(1)$ time insertions for all load factors below the load threshold (e.g. $\approx 0.91$ for $k = 3$).


With Gwynedd Council passing a trade embargo on Israel, Jim argues this is a worrying precedent and calls for community cohesion and religious freedom to be preserved in Wales.


Objective: This study aims to optimize the timolol maleate (TM) nanoparticle prepared by ionic gelation method using the factors of pectin (PC), calcium chloride (CC), and chitosan (CS) concentrations with the responses of entrapment efficiency, particle size, and polydispersity index using 23 factorial design.
Methods: TM nanoparticle suspensions were obtained by mixing of PC (0,4-0,6% (w/v)), CC (0,2-0,4% (w/v)), and CS (0,01-0,02% (w/v)) with TM concentration of 0,02% w/v. Each mixture was then tested for entrapment efficiency, particle size, and polydispersity index. The test results were analyzed with 23 factorial design using Design-Expert software in order to determine the optimum formula.
Results: The optimization study showed that all of the factors influenced the responses significantly (p<0.05) based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the suggested models. The R2value and the adequate precision value of the three models were more than 0.7 and 4, respectively. The difference between Adjusted R-Squared and Predicted R-Squared value were less than 0.200. The optimum condition of TM nanoparticle was suggested at the desirability value of 0.839 with the concentration of PC, CC, and CS of 0,4% (w/v), 0,2% (w/v), and 0,01% (w/v), respectively. The entrapment efficiency, particle size, and polydispersity index of the optimum condition were 24.791±2.84%, 274.867±14.45 nm, and 0.634±0.066, respectively.
Conclusion: The 23factorial design has been proved as the suitable method to determine the optimum condition that yields the good results of the entrapment efficiency, particle size, and polydispersity index of the TM-loaded nanoparticle prepared by ionic gelation method.


The Image before the Weapon: A Critical History of the Distinction between Combatant and Civilian. By Helen M. Kinsella. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2011) pp. 264, $39.95 hardcover (ISBN: 10-0-8014-4903-0).

For centuries, philosophers and publicists have sought to formalize the distinction between combatants and civilians under what is known as the principle of distinction. Although this principle has long been viewed as stable and relatively straightforward, Helen M. Kinsella demonstrates in The Image before Weapon that it is anything but. From ancient philosophers to modern scholars, Kinsella illustrates how the discourses of gender, civilization, and innocence have essentialized what is often an arbitrary line between legitimate and illegitimate targets of violence during war. Moreover, these lines have been drawn in such a way that they serve the interests of the dominant military power at any given time, while at the same time reproducing and naturalizing political systems of dominance and control.

Kinsella begins by interrogating the notions of immunity and just conduct of war that evolved in early Western thought. She argues that the notion of who may be legitimately targeted versus who must be spared did not, contrary to common belief, form the basis for universal rights for the innocent (generally understood to be women, children, and old men), but to serve the interests of the dominant powers. For Thomas Acquinas, for example, the concern was more "with the innocence of the soldier than with the innocence of the one who may be killed" (35). The distinction played an important function in the noble knights' chivalric code, which gave the Crusades their legitimacy and allowed them to "reconcile the warring way of life…with spiritual renewal and grace—as well as to gain substantial economic and social rewards." At the same time, it allowed the Catholic Church to "assert its sacred authority and to reclaim the Holy Land" (42). To show how feeble these protections were, Kinsella notes that the protection of civilians did not extend to the uncivilized or "heathen" …


Objective To study the best dosage and best interval of moxa fumigation in baby-friendly wards. Methods After air disinfection in the wards was carried out by moxa fumigation, disinfectant effects of different dosages were compared by examining the numbers of bacteria in the air at different intervals of time. Results There was no significance in the numbers of bacteria in the air at every baby-friendly ward of 12 m 2 fumigated with 2 and 3 bars of moxa respectively (P0.05). The number of bacteria in the air was reduced significantly after the ward was fumigated with 2 bars of moxa, compared with that with only 1 bar of moxa (P0.01). The number of bacteria was examined to remain unchanged at d 4 after fumigation, compared with that at d 2 after fumigation (P0.05), while it was observed to be significantly smaller than that at d 6 after fumigation (P0.05). Conclusion Disinfectant dosages of moxa fumigation in baby-friendly ward can be 2 bars of moxa per 12 m 2, while the ideal disinfectant interval of moxa fumigation in baby-friendly wards can be 4 days.


With the development of the electronic commercial affairs,more and more consumer contracts are concluded by Internet.The question of Lex Causae of electronic consumer contract has challeged the traditional law system of international consumer contract.In order to advancing the development of electronic commercial and assuring consumers'faith to the electronic commercial,Chinese legislation should have draft the Lex Causae of electronic consumer contract on basis of consumer protection.