The paper addresses a key aspect of efficient computation in logic synthesis and formal verification, namely, the integration of a circuit simulator and a Boolean satisfiability solver. A novel way of interfacing these is proposed along with a fast preprocessing step to detect easy SAT instances and a new hybrid SAT solver, which is more robust for hardware designs than are state-of-the-art CNF-based solvers. The proposed integration enables a 10x speedup in essential computation engines widely used in industrial EDA tools, including SAT sweeping, combinational and sequential equivalence checking, and computing structural choices for technology mapping. The speedup does not lead to a loss in quality because the computed equivalences are canonical.


A clock synchronous circuit and a semiconductor device provided therewith are provided to easily estimate a delay time for easily designing a circuit by using a receiving-circuit-driven reference clock in an entire receiving circuit. A clock synchronous circuit includes a reset signal output unit(124), a clock generation circuit(125), and a clock counter circuit(126). The reset signal output unit detects points where received data is changed. The reset signal output unit outputs a reset signal in accordance with the points. The clock generation circuit generates clock signals. The clock counter circuit counts the clock signals and resets the count result of the clock signals in case that the reset signal is inputted into the clock counter circuit.


We consider the quantum Rabi model with external time modulation of the atomic frequency, which can be employed to create excitations from the vacuum state of the electromagnetic field as a consequence of the dynamical Casimir effect. Excitations can also be systematically subtracted from the atom-field system by suitably adjusting the modulation frequency, in the so-called antidynamical Casimir effect (ADCE). We evaluate the quantum thermodynamical work and show that a realistic out-of-equilibrium finite-time protocol harnessing ADCE allows for work extraction from the system, whose amount can be much bigger than the modulation amplitude, $|{W}_{\mathrm{ADCE}}|\ensuremath{\gg}\ensuremath{\hbar}{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}$, in contrast to the case of very slow adiabatic modulations. We provide means to control work extraction in state-of-the-art experimental scenarios, where precise frequency adjustments or complete system isolation may be difficult to attain.


The traveling wave is the most important phenomenon in cochlear macromechanics. The behaviors of the traveling wave that greatly alter the auditory discrimination, are tightly related with the mechanical properties of the basilar membrane (BM) and its surrounding lymph. As an addition to the blanks of related researches, this paper focuses on some of the key parameters that affect the cochlear response most: the BM stiffness, damping parameters and the fluid viscosity. The influence of these parameters on the traveling wave is discussed, based on our former developed 2D finite element hydrodynamic cochlear model. Moreover, the traveling wave velocity and its transmitting time are calculated based on the simulating results. Although generally a rapid fall of the velocity from the cochlear base to the characteristic frequency (CF) location is confirmed, our quantitative analysis also indicates the traveling wave velocity may be both location and frequency dependent.


In Hawaii, seashore dropseed (Sporobolus virginicus), a coastal native grass, has been identified as a useful species for roadside revegetation. Cuttings of seashore dropseed covered with a hydromulch cap, irrigated, and managed to control weeds have greater establishment success. In this study, the efficacy and phytotoxicity of the preemergence herbicide oxadiazon applied as a component of the hydromulch cap over seashore dropseed cut stems was evaluated. Oxadiazon in two formulations, granule and suspension concentrate (SC), was applied at two rates of 2.0 and 4.0 lb/acre, resulting in four chemical treatments. Seashore dropseed response was recorded as numerical counts of new shoots, aboveground biomass, and percent visual coverage. The highest new shoot counts of seashore dropseed, aboveground biomass, and visual canopy coverage were recorded in plots treated with the granular (G) formulation of oxadiazon applied at 2.0 lb/acre. All hydromulch cap treatments containing herbicides reduced weed pressure compared with the untreated control treatment. Granular oxadiazon at 2.0 lb/acre in the hydromulch cap provided commercially acceptable weed control while maintaining high levels of rooting and plant vigor during the establishment period.


nearly 300 injections of nitrogen into tlle cbest, and, except for a first injection, I do not use a lccal anaestlhetic. I seldom use a lneedle mlore than twice before lhavinD it resliarpened. I -never boil the needles, but always sterilize tlhern by placing tlhem in absolute alcolhol for a nmintute or two jutst before use. Wlhen a slharp needle not too tliclk in calibre is used tlle amiount of pain at a refill is trifling and the rislk of slhock negligible. If a local aniaestlhetic is used tlhere is no doubt, in my opinion, that blockage of the needle is more likely to occur, eitlher frolml a drop of blood or from the fluid dissolving the anaesthetic. I cannot see, tlherefore, that it is necessary to use a local anaesthetic wlhen givino a refill of gas. When last I indtuced an artificial pneuenmotlhorax I used morplhine, but (for the first tinle at an inaugural injection) no local anaestlhetic; and I am now debating wlhetlher I shall repeat this practice when next the occasion arises.


This study reviews the literature regarding psychodynamic therapy with low-income women. Low-income women are at psychological risk for developing emotional distress as a result of their deprived living circumstances. They have, however, received little attention from psychological research and practice. This literature review explores what psychological interventions are available for low-income women. It is found that psychodynamic therapy is largely unavailable to low-income women for a variety of reasons, which range from classism, sexism and ignorance to the cogent feminist and cross cultural critiques. It is argued that psychodynamic therapy should be more available to low-income women as it provides a sophisticated understanding of how oppressive social ideologies are internalized in the unconscious, thus facilitating, through therapy, a process of deconstruction and political subversion. Suggestions are also offered as to how to make psychodynamic therapy more accessible to low-income women. Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za


The emerging grave consequences of conventional coolants on health, ecology and product quality, have pushed the scientific research to explore eco-friendly lubrication technique. Electrostatic minimum quantity lubrication (EMQL) has been underscored as a burgeoning technology to cut-down bete noire impacts in machining. This research confers the adoption of a negatively charged cold mist of air-castor oil employed in turning of aluminium-6061T6 material by varying the cutting conditions, as per experimental designed through response surface methodology (RSM). For comprehensive sagacity, a range of cutting speed, feed, depth of cut and EMQL-flow rate were considered. Material removal rate, tool life, surface roughness and power consumption of machine tool were adopted as performance measures. To satisfy multi-criterion simultaneously, RSM-based grey relational analysis (GRA) was employed for multi-objective optimisation. Highest proportion of grey relational grade (GRG) as a single desideratum response function, provided a trade-off between performance measures with 15.56% improvement in GRG.


As the chapters in Christopher Lupke's edited volume, The Magnitude of Ming (2005), abundantly illustrate, there have been a great many different constructions and understandings of the Chinese term ming (命) over the past 3,500 years or so. One of these is most certainly "fate" or "destiny." But, as the Lupke volume also indicates, there have also been a great many different constructions and understandings of this particular notion. This paper explores some of the ways that the Yijing (Classic of Changes; 易經) addresses issues of "destiny," giving particular attention to the specialized terms in the Changes that deal with the related problems of "knowing fate" (zhiming; 知命) and "establishing fate (liming; 立命). It will also give attention to the highly refined vocabulary employed by the Yijing and related works to evaluate cosmically ordained situations, and especially the way that understandings of this specialized vocabulary have evolved over time and have been expressed in various commentaries, from sophisticated exegetical studies to relatively simple primers such as the late Ming work by Huang Yun (黃蘊) known as Understanding the Yijing at a Glance (Yijing yijian nengjie; 易經一見 能解). Some of the evaluative terms to be discussed (listed alphabetically in Pinyin transliteration) are: li 利, li 厲, lin 吝, hui 悔, jiu 咎 and wujiu 旡咎, ji 吉, wang 亡, xiang 享 (heng 亨), xiong 凶, yong 用, yuan 元 and zhen 貞. Any study of specialized terminology—especially when it appears in the earliest strata of an ancient Chinese text like the Changes—encounters the vexing philological problems of multiple loan words, obscure meanings, and, of course, different understandings of terms over time.


The article presents semantic and pragmatic characteristics that must be taken into account in vocabulary recording of the vocatives. An ideographic dictionary entry should reflect the word's vocative function as communicative pragmatic properties. The word's ability to be used as a direct address is conditioned by its semantic and pragmatic class. The use of the ideographic dictionaries' data helps to distinguish the word classes that lexicalized their syntactic function of vocativity. The use of corpus data permits to monitor the dynamics of the vocatives' usage. It is also necessary to indicate special grammatical properties of lexical units used as vocatives. It is important to include illustrative examples of vocative use of words into the dictionary entries for learners of Russian as a foreign language.


are all well aware of the demographic challenge to the nation's medical schools presented by the large increase in the elderly population of the United States and by projections for continued growth of this segment of our society.


Even in 2010 the CKM parameters Vcs, Vcd and Vub will be known with less than desirable accuracy; the discovery potential for New Physics in charm decays – in particular their CP asymmetries – will be far from exhausted; important tests of our theoretical tools will not have been performed. I sketch the impact a νfact could have in these areas. During this talk I will attempt to sketch which important information on heavy flavour physics will still be missing in 2010. My personal crystal ball tells me that the knowledge base available at that time can be enlargened in three aspects and that neutrino factories (νfact) might be up to the task eventually: • Some basic SM quantities will be known with less than desirable accuracy. • The discovery potential in charm decays will be far from exhausted. Realizing even a single item in these categories through a new initiative would provide a strong motivation for the latter. However to make a conclusive case that some fundamental parameter had indeed been determined more reliably or that the intervention of New Physics had been revealed, one has to make sure that our theoretical tools are up to the task: • The need might still exist to test our theoretical technologies in charm decays. Obviously one or two measurements are not sufficient to do the job here – a broad and detailed program is called for. Talk given at NuFact'00, May 22 26, 2000, Monterey, CA


Purpose: A patient‐specific method to optimize IMRTtreatment of incurable disease by maximizing tumorcell death and minimizing dose to normal tissue is proposed. Methods: A multiobjective evolutionary algorithm was used to optimize IMRT dose distributions on an example patient throughout treatment using a published patient‐specific 4D mathematical model of glioblastoma proliferation and invasion [Rockne 2010] to calculate the distribution of diffusely invaded tumorcells, hypoxia, and radiosensitivity and recalculate distributions after each week of treatment. Each optimized IMRT plan was designed to maximize EUD for tumorcells while holding constant the EUD for normal tissue. Dose distributions were scaled such that the EUD delivered to the normal tissue for each fraction was equal to the EUD delivered from one fraction using the current clinical protocol of 1.8 Gy to the frank tumor with a 2.5 cm margin. Results: The mathematical model predicted that the total volume of tumor was reduced by 41.0% after one week and 72.5% after two weeks of treatment using the proposed protocol. The current clinical protocol was shown to reduce volume by only 5.5% after one week and 11.2% after two weeks for the same EUD delivered to normal tissue. After 7 weeks of treatment using the clinical protocol and 250% higher normal tissue EUD, the tumor burden was only reduced by 40.4%. Conclusions: A patient‐specific mathematical model showed that a 4D treatment plan that maximizes tumorcell killing while sparing normal tissue reduces the tumor volume more in one week than in seven weeks using current clinical protocol for the same EUD delivered to normal tissue. This approach has the potential to optimize and tailor IMRTtreatment planning to individual patient's disease through an iterative dialog between a mathematical model for disease and response to therapy with objective‐based treatment optimization.


Objective
To evaluate the effect of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) on mild-to-moderate ischemic mitral valve regurgitation (IMR) and to explore the optimal treatment regimen.

Methods
From March 2011 to December 2017, 112 cases of coronary artery disease with mild-to-moderate IMR underwent isolated OPCABG. Echocardiography was performed 7 days and 6 months after surgery. Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and the change of mitral valve regurgitation were measured to determine whether mitral regurgitation was improved.

Results
No death occurred in 112 patients. Three patients underwent intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) during operation. The mitral insufficiency of all patients was improved at 7 days and 6 months after surgery. LVEF was significantly increased 7 days after operation than that of preoperation (52.55%±3.15% vs. 48.60%±1.74%, P<0.01). LVEDD was significantly decreased 7 days after surgery than that of preoperation [(5.15±1.22)cm vs. (5.70±1.12)cm, P<0.01]. LVEF was improved 6 months after surgery than that of 7 days after operation and the difference is significant (56.90%±2.04% vs. 52.55%±3.15%, P<0.05). LVEDD was improved 6 months after surgery than that of 7 days after operation and the difference is significant [(4.87±1.08)cm vs. (5.15±1.22)cm, P<0.05]. After operation, CK-MB of 13 patients, increased in 24 hours, and decreased to normal in 48 hours. In the early postoperative period, 5 patients developed ventricular premature beats, 1 patient developed ventricular fibrillation and 9 patients developed rapid atrial fibrillation. Perioperative myocardial infarction in 1 patient and low cardiac output syndrome occurred in 1 patient, respectively. And all the patients got rid of angina after operation.

Conclusions
After OPCABG, blood supply of ischemic myocardial and papillary muscles can be improved, which in turn reduce the ventricle, and improve the function of left ventricular and mitral valve.

Key words:
Coronary artery disease; Coronary artery bypass, off-pump; Ischemic mitral valve regurgitation


This paper aims to examine the relationship between Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) and tourism activities in Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece and Spain (PIIGS) using wavelet transform context structures. The results indicate that the relationships among the variables evolve through time and frequencies. From the time-domain view, we show strong evidence of the relationships between these variables. From the frequency-domain view, we uncover significant wavelet coherences and strong lead-lag interrelationships changes over time, displaying low to high frequency cycles over the whole sample period.


Roller burnishing involves a local plastic deformation on the surface that permits the fatigue strength of structures to be increased. Crack propagation is delayed by the introduction of compressive residual stresses. In this way, the process is particularly useful in the presence of stress concentrators, for example in the fillets of crankshafts or in notched shafts.

Crack propagation in round bars has been widely investigated, experimentally and numerically. However, the aim of the present work is to study roller burnished notched shafts (whose groove approaches the fillets of crankshafts) loaded in three-point bending.

Experimentally, a sequence of destructive interrupted tests has been performed to obtain the crack kinetics and shapes during fatigue life. Thus, the beneficial influence of roller burnishing has been confirmed on both crack initiation and propagation. Some cracks were even stopped by compressive residual stresses. Otherwise, the crack shape observed was very original : cracks propagated first at the edge of the coupon and then, into the depth of the shaft. Multicracking and crack closure have been pointed out and appear to be of great importance.


Glassy spherules found in the lunar regolith can be used to investigate the volcanic and impact history of the Moon. Here we report the first study combining petrography with microbeam geochemical data for major-element, trace-element and Pb isotopic compositions of individual spherules that were separated from a sample of regolith collected at the Taurus-Littrow Valley on the Moon. Petrographic characteristics of 216 spherules were established by optical and electron microscopy. About half of these spherules show obvious evidence of formation by meteorite impacts into the lunar regolith, such as relict clasts, schlieren, vesicles, FeNi metal blebs, irregular shapes and heterogeneous nucleation textures. The remaining spherules have textures indicating rapid quenching of melt droplets, including clast-free glass and microcrystalline to vitrophyric textures. These were produced by either impact melting or volcanic fire fountaining. Chemical compositions of clast-poor spherules were determined by electron microprobe and laser ablation ICPMS, and the provenance of each spherule was classified as either feldspathic highlands, mare or mixed highlands-mare. Spherules with feldspathic highlands compositions are droplets of impact melt that provide a regional-scale sampling of regolith and rock compositions in the vicinity of the landing site. A group of picritic, high-TiO2 mare spherules has a limited range of major and trace-element compositions similar to the famous Apollo 17 orange glass; these are likely to be volcanic in origin. A small number of mare spherules with very low Ti (VLT) and unusually aluminous compositions were also found. We tentatively conclude that the VLT spherules reflect igneous compositions, whereas the aluminous mare spherules are likely to be impact mixtures. We also conducted a reconnaissance LA-ICPMS study of Pb isotopic compositions and U–Th–Pb concentrations to investigate the feasibility of dating individual spherules. 207Pb/206Pb model ages and U–Th–Pb chemical ages of the picritic mare spherules are similar to those of the 3.8–3.5 Ga Apollo 17 mare basalts, consistent with an igneous origin for the glasses. In contrast, impact spherules have systematically younger chemical ages (≤2 Ga). About half of the impact spherules appear to be ≤500 Ma, consistent with the recent discovery of a young spike in the spherule age populations at other landing sites. The abundance of relatively young ages with a predominantly local provenance suggests that most of the impact spherules were produced by small impact events, perhaps related to craters ≤1 km in diameter.


Good mental health is related to mental and psychological well-being of an individual or a group.Before the covid-19 pandemic came up, working in health care set up was stressful to the healthcare workers.Various studies reveals that health care workers are more likely to suffer from psychological distress as they are in direct contact with the patient, it is higher in non-medical than medical personnel. There are many factors which contribute to psychological distress whereby the health care workers experience some common stressors during their daily working hours. Mental health services for the health care workers play a major role in minimizing the distress.


Overviews of how to conduct research for artists and designers and how to write for studio practices, design disciplines, and liberal arts.


Food allergies are becoming an increasingly recognized clinical problem and patients frequently ask if their health complaints are related to their diet. There has been a recent phenomenon of food allergy or intolerance testing leading to dietary alterations and restrictions. This article gives a brief overview of the latest evidence and current guidelines for proper diagnosis and management. A distinction between food allergies and food intolerance or sensitivity should be made. It focuses on the association of the common skin conditions: eczema, acne and urticaria, to food and whether dietary changes are indicated. The currently available tests and their appropriateness are also discussed. "Food allergy/intolerance testing" in dermatology science or hype?


Work done on algorithms for the numerical solutions of optimal control problems and their application to the computation of optimal flight trajectories of aircraft and spacecraft is summarized. General considerations on calculus of variations, optimal control, numerical algorithms, and applications of these algorithms to real-world problems are presented. The sequential gradient-restoration algorithm (SGRA) is examined for the numerical solution of optimal control problems of the Bolza type. Both the primal formulation and the dual formulation are discussed. Aircraft trajectories, in particular, the application of the dual sequential gradient-restoration algorithm (DSGRA) to the determination of optimal flight trajectories in the presence of windshear are described. Both take-off trajectories and abort landing trajectories are discussed. Take-off trajectories are optimized by minimizing the peak deviation of the absolute path inclination from a reference value. Abort landing trajectories are optimized by minimizing the peak drop of altitude from a reference value. Abort landing trajectories are optimized by minimizing the peak drop of altitude from a reference value. The survival capability of an aircraft in a severe windshear is discussed, and the optimal trajectories are found to be superior to both constant pitch trajectories and maximum angle of attack trajectories. Spacecraft trajectories, in particular, the application of the primal sequential gradient-restoration algorithm (PSGRA) to the determination of optimal flight trajectories for aeroassisted orbital transfer are examined. Both the coplanar case and the noncoplanar case are discussed within the frame of three problems: minimization of the total characteristic velocity; minimization of the time integral of the square of the path inclination; and minimization of the peak heating rate. The solution of the second problem is called nearly-grazing solution, and its merits are pointed out as a useful engineering compromise between energy requirements and aerodynamics heating requirements.


In the age of globalization, Japanese companies are globalizing their operations. They have recently been increasing the number of overseas R&D centers in Asia, especially in China and Thailand. Using the United States patent and industrial design data, the paper finds the following points quantitatively. Japanese companies are increasing the number of patents and industrial designs created in the two countries. They used local talents from the beginning in China for both patents and industrial designs. In Thailand, they used local talents for industrial designs from the beginning, while Japanese expertise in Thailand was used for patents in the beginning. In any case, the role of Japanese in Japan is important. Compared with multi-national companies (MNCs) from other countries, the IP creation activities of Japanese companies are weak compared to their amount of foreign direct investment to China and Thailand.


This paper describes the design and implementation of a web-based information system relating to military history. The data is "non-traditional" in nature being chronologically based and relates the participants in World War 1 to their locations. Its purpose is to allow interrogation by a wide cross section of the community who seek to find the location of particular servicemen who took part in the Great War. The interface uses time dependent maps to enable inquirers to follow the progress of individual participants in the conflict. Activity Theory is used as a means of relating the system to the users by its focus on the computer as a tool which meshes into the users real life activity. INTRODUCTION Interest in this project arose from difficulties encountered by researchers both professional and amateur when trying to locate the whereabouts of individual soldiers who participated in the First World War. More specifically the problem was not so much as an absence of data but an over-abundance. Making sense of the vast amount of data available on the Australian War Memorial (AWM) website is a difficult task. Although indexes can be searched, histories accessed, databases interrogated and so on, it is in raw data format. It is the the compilation of the contents of these indexes and databases into a meaningful information system that is the purpose of this research. Activity Theory was chosen as a relevant basis for the design of the project because of its user centred nature and its explicit links between user's needs and supporting technology. Becauses the internet makes the data available to a wide cross section of the community including children searching for information about the grave of a war-time grandfather a simple and easy to navigate format was called for. Hence with the aid of a research grant a project team was set up to investigate the feasibility of developing a web based interrogation system based on available war records data.


again, Mark refers to his subjects "writing" (151, 160-61) their life stories, when the excerpts provided almost never give a hint of such a process. But as with his mini-study of antifascism, Mark has succeeded in drawing attention to questions we need to ask about the communist experience. As have other observers, Mark notes the slide from the focus on perpetrators and resisters to a virtual obsession with victimhood in eastern Europe. Yet he is less interested in exposing the impossibility of universal suffering than in understanding how victimhood is constructed. He shows how his interlocutors incorporate communist language to describe their victimhood, using class terminology and similar concepts of conflict. Even a familiar tale of social mobility could be turned into a narrative of victimization. Mark surely raises an eyebrow as a well-born Hungarian with connections to the regime of Miklos Horthy thus frames her path to communist-era medical school on a coveted scholarship. Yet he keeps his gaze trained on the victim frame itself, not the hypocrisy. This stands him in good stead when, in the final chapter, he turns to the stories of rape by Soviet soldiers in 1945, again looking at how stories of victimhood, survival, and collaboration intertwine with political contexts, both in the communist period and after. Any book that ranges across so many cases and times will make a few errors. One wishes that Mark did not perpetuate the myth that communism fell in Hungary and Poland "almost entirely without popular participation" (3). The appeal of the Czech Communist Party most assuredly has not "withered" (17). Mark is not the first to mix up Lech and Jaroslaw Kaczynski (16), but more important, the ascent to power of their party came in 2005, not 2007 (56). These errors do not detract from the boldness of Mark's vision. By refusing to take his subjects to task, he has reset the terms of discussion on memory and historical practice in the communist and postcommunist eras and also contributed a new perspective on the experience of communism itself. Far more than a working through of the past, Unfinished Revolution is one of the best books on east European communism in the last few years.


Neutron pickup was studied on all stable even-,4 Pd isotopes via the (d, t) reaction at Ed = 50 MeV and the (3He, a) reaction at ES,, = 70 MeV. A systematic study of the deep-lying hole-state region is made. From a decomposition of angular distributions we obtain spectroscopic strength distributions for the lg,,,, 2p,,,, 2p,,, and If,,, subshells which exhaust about 40 ok of their sum rules. Complete studies of the ro2, ro4Pd(d, t)iol, ro3Pd r eactions are presented for pickup from the valence shells. For all isotopes spectroscopic information on the strongest transitions to low-lying states is obtained. NUCLEAR REACTIONS 102*104Pd(d, t), E = 50 MeV; measured cr(E,, 0). 101X103Pd E levels deduced 1, J, z, C'S, '02, lo4* lo6, lo83 "OPd(d, t), E = 50 MeV; measured c@,, 0). Deduced deeply bound hole states, spectroscopic strength distributions. DWBA analysis. 102,104*106, 1os,110Pd(3He, a), E = 70 MeV; measured u&); deduced deeply bound hole states.


While bone and teeth provide a long-term stable isotope record of a person's life history measured in years (see Stabel Isotope Analysis: Bone and Teeth), stable isotope profiles of hair and nail can yield information on a person's recent life circumstance up to 15 months into a person's past. Since hair and nail samples can be collected noninvasively, stable isotope profiles of these tissues may also be used to reveal information on recent geographic movement in living people. This information may prove useful to check on the veracity of a suspect's statement about their recent geographic movements.

Keywords:

diet;
forensic intelligence;
geographic movement;
geographic origin;
human provenance;
keratin;
isotope ratio;
people trafficking;
victim identification;
stable isotope profile


The emergency system's response process' reliability impacts the system's ability of restraining the development of emergency and protecting the society from destruction. So research on the reliability of the emergency system's response process is obligatory for construct a availability emergency system. Proposing the way to built the response process model based on work flow .The response process model based on work flow is built and converted to Petri Net. At last, the reliability of response process is assayed based on the rechability of Petri Net. This is a new way to design emergency system.


Background: COVID-19 propelled telehealth to the forefront of health care, forcing many advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) to incorporate telehealth into their practice without sufficient education. Lack of training has been cited as a barrier to telehealth adoption. Purpose: This study evaluated provider adoption of telehealth based on the type of telehealth education received. Methods: A quantitative survey of telehealth providers (n = 224) was distributed through the listservs of 4 national organizations to determine whether there was a significant difference in provider levels of perceived usefulness, self-efficacy, perceived knowledge, satisfaction, and use of telehealth based on the type of telehealth education received. Results: Telehealth adoption was significantly associated with the type of telehealth education received (vendor, online, written instructions only, and on the spot). Conclusion: With telehealth utilization expected to endure postpandemic, faculty should incorporate the most effective telehealth education methods into APRN curricula, ensuring successful adoption by the future workforce.


The technological potential of InP-based optoelectronics for telecom systems is now strongly focused to the needs of existing and upcoming broadband services and network architectures. The paper describes present and evolving system applications and some exemplary component developments in Europe.


Two alternative hybrid-stress-based functionals are examined for the incremental elastic-plastic static analysis of single layer plates. Material nonlinear effects are incorporated via the initial-stress approach so that an equivalent nodal force vector is defined and the stiffness remains constant throughout the incremental loading. The alternative functionals differ in the incremental stress which is assumed to satisfy equilibrium; in the first, it is the actual stress increment, and in the second it is the elastic stress increment. Results are presented for two example problems, and comparisons of the alternative functionals and plausible iteration schemes are given. The effects of variation of pertinent solution parameters are also shown. A 4-node hybrid-stress plate element based on a Mindlin-type displacement field is used for most cases; however, limited results are also presented using an 8-node plate element, thus permitting comparisons of the relative efficiencies of the two elements.


An experimental campaign of 11 long-duration tests on scouring at complex piers was performed at the Hydraulics Laboratory of the Engineering Faculty in Porto University. The tests were carried out in a movable bed flume under steady clear-water flow conditions. The aim was to evaluate the contribution of complex pier components on the total local scour depth. Experimental results were used to describe the temporal evolution of maximum scour depth. A new approach to evaluate the maximum scour depth associated with a subtraction concept is suggested which considers the different sets of complex piers components. The results of this concept were compared with results obtained by tests with isolated components of complex pier ethat constitute the basis of the superposition concept (approach used in the predictors of FDOT eHEC-18), concluding that the most marked differences between both concepts correspond to the contribution of the pile group on the scour depth.


As part of its Vision 2000 program the Port of Oakland has developed within and adjacent to the Middle Harbor a new container yard facility and public access area with a beach. This paper addresses the geotechnical engineering and performance of reclaimed land (dredged fill) within the "North Cell" area shown. The North Cell project is part of Port's Berth 55/56 Terminal development. Other Vision 2000 project components show how the North Cell project relates to other Vision 2000 project components, including a Shoreline Park to the north and the South Cell project to the south. The east end of the North Cell reclamation will be used for the Berth 55/56 Terminal container yard facility. The west end will be used for the public access area.


Considering the current situation of the country which stamps cases of corruption in public administration, this paper proposes the execution of social control with the use of the Electronic Government (e-Gov) to help in the fight against corruption. Qualitative research includes bibliographical review and data analysis of government sites in the state of Ceara. From the moment that society, using the appropriate technologies, is able to exercise the control of public management, the expected relational involvement may be similar to that of the shareholder capitalist that accompanies his/her shares invested in capital or financial participations. For social control to happen, the state must promote citizen education, teaching the population about its controlling role, which will encourage cultural changes in the common sense that "what belongs to everyone, is nobody's". Thus, the result is the production of knowledge in favor of the change in organizational culture and society in relation to public patrimony.


ANDF is an architectureand languageneutral distribution format resembling a compiler intermediate language. Architectureand languageneutral intermediate languages were first discussed in the UNCOL project of 1958-1962. UNCOL was never fully defined nor implemented. This paper takes a look at the history of UNCOL and shows why ANDF can succeed where UNCOL failed. The paper presupposes an understanding of comparative programming language semantics and implementation, and is addressed to programming language implementors.


The water pollution caused by industrial discharge is very serious in China. Wastewater from paper making is one of the serious sources. That is why it has always been the focus point for paper making industry and the environment field. Some results and experiences have been achieved in the treatment of wastewater from paper making. The practice of and researches on this topic are summarized.


Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inheritable cardiac disorder with heterogeneous clinical features. Sudden cardiac death is a frequent complication, occurring at an annual incidence of 2–3% in young, otherwise healthy individuals with HCM and accounting for nearly 35% of all sudden deaths within this age group. Often, sudden cardiac death is the initial manifestation of HCM, underscoring the need for the precise elucidation of the mechanisms that lead to its occurrence. Over the past decade, modern molecular techniques have greatly increased the understanding of the pathophysiology underlying HCM. Through collaborative efforts, over 100 mutations in eight genes have been found to be responsible for the disease. All presently known aberrations affect the encoding of sarcomeric proteins, whose modification predisposes the heart to myocyte disarray, fibrosis, hypertrophy, and small vessel disease as well as haemodynamic alterations in diastolic and systolic function. Importantly, the natural history of the disease appears to be influenced by the particular protein affected, as well as by the specific changes within the protein encoded by the mutation. This knowledge has provided greater insight into the vulnerability of the myocardial substrate to mechanisms of sudden death. Knowledge of the genetic abnormalities of HCM and their implications will help the clinician to identify HCM patients at high-risk for sudden death, and to make appropriate recommendations in clinical management and prognosis. This article reviews the current understanding of the genetic mutations in HCM with emphasis on prognosis for sudden and disease-related death.


At the heart of the Canadian contribution to Space Station "Freedom" are two manipulator systems: The Space Station Remote Manipulator System and the Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator. The payload handling performance requirements for these manipulators are specified assuming an inertially fixed operating base, which is equivalent to assuming an infinitely large Space Station. This paper examines the reasons for, and the effects of this seemingly unrealistic assumption which has been the subject of considerable debate within the Space Station "Freedom"F'rogram. It is demonstrated that this assumption represents a worst case with respect to key parameters of the actual on-orbit manipulator performance. It is further shown why this assumption does not affect the manipulator control system design. Interaction effects between the Space Station attitude control system and the manipulators are included in the discussion and it is shown that in certain respects the "fixed base assumption" is also a worst case assumption for the interactions of manipulators and the Space Station attitude control system.


Kinsky & Falla (1976) offered a geographical breakdown of Eudyptula minor into five New Zealand sub-species and one in Australia, using morphological variations of bill and plumage. However, the taxonomy remains enigmatic (Kinsky & Falla 1976, Meredith & Sin 1988, Turbott 1990). The laboratory work cited by Turbott (1990), the field work of Kinsky and Falla (1976) and the present study all undermine the earlier claims for a separate species, E. albosignata, for the Canterbury White Flippered Penguin, referred to for example, by Tuck & Heinzel (1978).


PurposeThis study aims to assess the predictive performance of various factors on Bitcoin returns, used for the development of a robust forecasting support decision model using machine learning techniques, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. More specifically, the authors investigate the impact of the investor's sentiment on forecasting the Bitcoin returns.Design/methodology/approachThis method uses feature selection techniques to assess the predictive performance of the different factors on the Bitcoin returns. Subsequently, the authors developed a forecasting model for the Bitcoin returns by evaluating the accuracy of three machine learning models, namely the one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN), the bidirectional deep learning long short-term memory (BLSTM) neural networks and the support vector machine model.FindingsThe findings shed light on the importance of the investor's sentiment in enhancing the accuracy of the return forecasts. Furthermore, the investor's sentiment, the economic policy uncertainty (EPU), gold and the financial stress index (FSI) are the top best determinants before the COVID-19 outbreak. However, there was a significant decrease in the importance of financial uncertainty (FSI and EPU) during the COVID-19 pandemic, proving that investors attach much more importance to the sentimental side than to the traditional uncertainty factors. Regarding the forecasting model accuracy, the authors found that the 1D-CNN model showed the lowest prediction error before and during the COVID-19 and outperformed the other models. Therefore, it represents the best-performing algorithm among its tested counterparts, while the BLSTM is the least accurate model.Practical implicationsMoreover, this study contributes to a better understanding relevant for investors and policymakers to better forecast the returns based on a forecasting model, which can be used as a decision-making support tool. Therefore, the obtained results can drive the investors to uncover potential determinants, which forecast the Bitcoin returns. It actually gives more weight to the sentiment rather than financial uncertainties factors during the pandemic crisis.Originality/valueTo the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to have attempted to construct a novel crypto sentiment measure and use it to develop a Bitcoin forecasting model. In fact, the development of a robust forecasting model, using machine learning techniques, offers a practical value as a decision-making support tool for investment strategies and policy formulation.


Markets have been giving agricultural producers erratic signals; they have been characterized by extreme uncertainty and instability whereas greater certainty and stability are still preferred by producers and consumers and would produce a better (more efficient) use of resources and a better (more equitable) distribution of production. So we need improved techniques for stabilization. U.S. and world markets have been at the mercy of state-trading enterprises such as the USSR and China in recent years. Those nations move in and out of our markets more or less at will, often purchasing quantities so large as to severely and adversely affect economic sectors (U.S. food) and nations (India and Bangladesh), which cannot, in any sense, compete on even terms with economic and political giants such as the USSR and China. We need buffers against sporadic incursions into agricultural markets, especially in the United States.


Conservation, Ecology March 4, 2021July 31, 2021 In a paper published in Science (h ps://science.sciencemag.org/content/279/5352/860.abstract) in 1998, Daniel Pauly (h ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Pauly), Villy Christensen (h ps://oceans.ubc.ca/villychristensen/), Johanne Dalsgaard (h ps://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/J-Dalsgaard-82233416), Rainer Froese (h ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainer_Froese) and Francisco Torres Jr. (h ps://ph.linkedin.com/in/francisco-torres-jr-6513a614), using the Food and Agriculture Organisation's (FAO's) global fisheries catch data, showed that the mean trophic level had declined over the period of 1950 to 1994. In other words, fisheries, over this period, was moving from catching larger fish at the top of the food chain to smaller fish at lower levels of the food chain. Pauly and colleagues called this phenomenon "fishing down the food web", and over the last 20+ years have continued to study the changes in fisheries and marine biodiversity across the world. Twenty-two years after the paper was published, I spoke to Daniel Pauly about his motivation to carry out the analysis presented in this paper, his memories of the time when this work was done, the paper's reception in academia and the popular press, and what we have learnt since about fishing down food webs.


Part 1 Psychology - the search for understanding psychology - psyche = mind logos = knowledge or study a brief history of psychology psychology's family album psychologists guaranteed not to shrink how to be a psychologist let us count the ways a look ahead. Part 2 Research methods and critical thinking: scientific method can a horse add? naturalistic observation psychology steps out! correlational studies in search of the perfect relationship the psychology experiment where cause meets effect placebo effects sugar pills and salt water the clinical method data by the case survey method here, have a sample science and critical thinking. Part 3 The brain, biology, and behaviour: neurons building a biocomputer the nervous system wired for action the cerebral cortex my, what a big brain you have! the subcortex at the core of the (brain) matter the brain in perspective beyond the biocomputer the endocrine system slow but sure messenger service. Part 4 Child development: the newborn baby the basic model comes with options heredity and environment the nurture of nature early environment as the twig is bent social development baby, I'm stuck on you language development fast-talking babies cognitive development how do children learn to think? moral development growing a conscience deprivation and enrichment in search of tender loving care. Part 5 From birth to death - life-span development: the cycle of life rocky road or garden path problems of childhood why parents get grey hair serious childhood problems off to a bad start child abuse cycles of violence adolescence the best of times, the worst of times vocational choice charting a course in the world of work challenges of adulthood charting life's ups and downs ageing will you still need me when I'm 64? death and dying the curtain falls. (part contents)


Objective To study the large area deep burn shock stage for extensive clinical curative effect of skin grafts.Methods Retrospectively analyed in March 2009-December 2011 hospital were large deep burn shock stage using cutting scab skin particles of patients treated with the transplantation of 30 cases of clinical data (shock stage for extensive group),another choose our hospital were not in the shock stage large area deep burn were treated by cutting the scab skin transplantation of particles treatment 30 patients (not shock stage for extensive group),the treatment results were retrospectively analyzed.Results The shock stage for extensive skin grafts group began sepsis,MODS incidence,mortality was the shock stage for extensive skin grafts for the low group,P 0.05.Shock stage for extensive group was also the healing time shock stage for extensive group quickly,and the differences were significant,P 0.05.Shock stage cut scab skin grafts groups of patients within 3 weeks of IL-6,IL-8,TNF and LPS averages were significantly lower than the shock stage for extensive group (P 0.05 or 0.01).Conclusion After injury cleared wound necrotic tissue and seek to effectively close wounds covering,to reduce the wound infection,and reduce the complications of invasive,accelerate wound healing,shorten the duration of symptoms,and improve the large area deep burn cure rate is very important.


Knowledge is recognized as the most important asset of companies and other organizations. However, the potentials of this commodity have not been fully utilized in line with the growing needs of the k-economy. Knowledge resides in an
individual's mind and brain in addition to the explicit knowledge distributed all over the organizations. The need to move towards knowledge management is inevitable and not
an option anymore. It is crucial for organizations to be able to tap and map the knowledge within their organizations and this call for the process of defining the
knowledge flows and how it could affect the whole range of activities involved in the business and administrative transactions as the basis from which knowledge mapping
can be conducted. Knowledge Mapping processes require a team specifically responsible in conducting the mapping procedures. It can be carried out through the whole spectrum of identifying the organizational objectives, addressing the establishment of the experts, documents and the relationship between the various processes. The process of knowledge mapping would then be followed by the capturing of knowledge in the organizations with the ultimate goal of developing the knowledge management program which emphasizes on the culture of knowledge sharing within the organizations. The growth and diversity of knowledge has made the process of knowledge mapping and management a dynamic one.


The Republic's account of the relation between talking about politics and doing politics illuminates the nature of political action. Plato's Socrates argues that those who ought to govern are those who know about politics and who know what politics is about, since political things are images of ideas. Socrates' alternative to democracy is thus an academic rather than an aristocratic elite—an elite of those who know. Yet the academic elite Plato imagined does not dispute the right of the people to decide between it, the aristocrats, and the men of the people.


Fe16N2 fine particles were prepared by reduction in 5% H2/Ar gas mixture flow, starting from goethite or hematite precursors, followed by nitridation in ammonia gas flow. Small amounts of metallic iron and iron oxide are present besides the main phase which is an ordered iron nitride having martensite structure (α '' -Fe16N2) as revealed by Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements. However, X-ray diffraction data do not show any traces of oxides due to their high degree of amorphization. When nitridation is performed at about 150 0 C, Fe4N phase begins to form and its presence deteriorates the magnetic properties. The samples prepared by nitridation of goethite present better magnetic properties compared to those obtained by nitridation of hematite. Magnetic and Mössbauer measurements performed at ambient temperature were corroborated in order to extract the magnetization at saturation value for each phase which occurs in the obtained samples. The corresponding values are 226 emu/g for Fe16N2 and 198 emu/g for metallic iron contained in the prepared powders.


The present study applied Weiner's attributional approach to the domain of personality and persuasibility. 81 subjects participated in an experiment in which the investigator manipulated success and failure in counterarguing with a persuasive message. A 2 (self-esteem) × 5 (attributions) analysis of variance was performed on the data. The results did not support Weiner's predictions regarding the influence of self-esteem on attributions for success and failure. Other findings are discussed, and suggestions for research are noted.


Single phase CuSbSe2 crystallites are prepared by hot injection of a solution of Cu(OAc)2 and Sb(OAc)3 in triethylene glycol (TEG) into a solution of Se in TEG as both the solvent and reducing agent as well as different amounts of triethylenetetramine (TETA) as co-reducing agent (250 °C, various periods; cooling to 60 °C and termination of the reaction by injecting EtOH).


Although over the last several years one could have witnessed unprecedented interest in commodity investments, the view of commodities from an investor's perspective is of more recent date (with the exception of precious metals). There are several reasons for investing in commodities. First of all, they let investors gain equity-like or higher returns. Then, they can help to mitigate risk and improve portfolio diversification. They can also provide a possible hedge against unanticipated inflation. The growing popularity of commodity investing has been followed by a great number of new investment vehicles that make commodity investments available to a wider audience. Thus, investors based on their risk-return criteria and individual requirements may select from a broad range of commodity-linked financial instruments. One of possibilities is investing through a commodity index. This approach is especially attractive to investors that are familiar with investing in stock indexes. In theory, commodity indexes share a similar goal: to create a broad indicator of commodity price movements, though in practice portfolio weightings, construction, and calculation methodology vary significantly from one index to another. The most important of commodity indexes are: the Thomson Reuters/Core Commodity CRB Index, the S-P Goldman Sachs Commodity Index, the Bloomberg Commodity Index (former Dow-Jones AIG Commodity Index), and the Deutsche Bank Liquid Commodity Index. The present paper is aimed at assessing return and risk characteristics of these indexes and at providing a comparative analysis of their performance in relation to the most important equity indexes, such as S-P500, FTSE100, CAC40, DAX, WIG, BUX, IBovespa, Nikkei, Shanghai Composite (SSE), TSE300 (current S-P/TSX Composite Index), and AOI (All Ords). The empirical data covers daily quotations from January 5, 2009 to December 30, 2015. To verify whether the commodity indexes returns differ significantly from the returns of equity indexes, the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test is applied. The test has been chosen as returns of commodity indexes are not normally distributed.


In this paper,we have discussed the application of the representation's theory,especially about the method of applying the feature list of group to seeking to prove its constant sub-group,and depicted all the constant sub-groups of 2n-step dihedron group.


A pilot plant to melt residual substances was operated over a period of more than four months. To examine any extreme situations, residues from incineration plants were used. The results obtained from these trials are very positive and encouraging for use in industrial applications. It has been achieved that the glass represents a satisfactory and long-term stable sink for major heavy metals, and another sink has been provided for other heavy metals through arrestment in a filter systems. Furthermore, any organic contaminants contained in the substances have been successfully destroyed. Contrary to conventional sheet glass melts, good performance and specific values have been confirmed. Using a special treatment technique, a major drawback involved with industrial residues, i.e., heterogeneity of basic material, has been reduced such that the future production of glass products with defined properties is considered to be possible. Preference is given to large-scale recovery in complex residues melting systems from a technological, economic and environmental point of view


The seventh case of endometrial carcinoma of the prostatic utricle is reported. The differential diagnosis of this condition, particularly from papillary adenocarcinoma of the prostate, is important.


of the Polity, Life, History and Religious faith of nations." Eugene-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc echoed this with the observation: "Each nation, or to speak more correctly, each center of civilization ... has ... a genius of its own which must not be disregarded; and it is because during the last three centuries we have too often failed to appreciate our own genius, that our arts have become hybrid."1 Implicit in each was the assumption that architecture demonstrated the degree of culture and civilization a country possessed. For Americans a major problem existed. They lacked a long history of clearly identifiable national styles in the sense that the English possessed the Perpendicular and the Tudor, and the French had the High Gothic and the Francois Ier. Critics such as Charles Eliot Norton and James Jackson Jarves could forcefully state that architecture was


Both the Sudanese Civil War of 1980 — and the Rwandan Civil War of 1994 — were attributed in significant measure to attempts by the belligerents to gain or assure control over land (with its associated soils, vegetation, and fresh waters) in countries where those crucial natural resources were in short supply owing to destructive over-use. In the case of the Euphrates-Tigris and Aral Sea watersheds, the current over-use for irrigation and waste disposal of the regionally limited water supplies (and associated environmental degradation) were considered likely candidates for future international upstream/downstream violent conflict. Important 'common threads' in all four case-studies were pointed out by a number of the participants; first, continued rapid population growth despite already excessively high numbers, and second, various levels of despotism and corruption in the involved regimes (regimes correspondingly unresponsive to the needs of the affected people). Other participants laid more emphasis on resource mismanagement, past and present, on the debilitating legacy of past colonial exploitation, and/or on pervasive poverty. The inevitable discussions of environmental problems were almost exclusively anthropocentric, suggesting a disquieting lack of appreciation among the participants of holistic or ecocentric concerns. The difficulty of establishing the extent to which a violent conflict might be the result of environmental problems, was stressed by a number of participants; it could be owing to non-linear relationships between cause and effect, to the likelihood of intervening variables, to the possibility that key actors will not behave rationally, and to yet other complexities. Such complications, in turn, make it difficult to identify potential early-warning signs of an impending environmental conflict. At the close of the Conference, one participant confessed that he was still confused, although now at a higher level. The Evangelical Academy Loccum is to publish the proceedings of the Conference (including perhaps a dozen substantive papers, mostly in German but some in English) in its 'Loccumer Protokolle' book series.


Conflict is a natural phenomenon which could occur in any inter or intra personal relationship. Conflict is an ever present process in human relations. Conflicts are rarely resolved easily and as such, most conflicts are managed as individuals work out differences. Conflicts could occur for various reasons based on interests, needs, values and others. Efficient and effective management of conflicts is fundamental to the development of any society, but the prevailing situations in Nigeria constitute a reversal of this reality. The thread of insecurity and threats to lives and properties in Nigeria has reached alarming proportions despite the increasing visibility of the Nigerian police and military in the management of internal conflicts. Conflicts within states have proven to be highly destructive, resulting not only in the death of thousands of people but also in the destruction of property and the disruption of economic, political and socio-cultural activities of affected communities. This paper will consider the role of traditional leaders in conflict resolution and management in Nigeria.


AIM:To explore the way and the feasible time of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) transplanting to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) rats,and to investigate the migration of OECs after transplanted to EAE and the possible mechanism of inducing the protective effect. METHODS:The Lewis rats,which were divided into MOG group and GPSCH group according to the induction by MOGIgd and GPSCH separately,were used to made EAE model. The animals in MOG group were divided into 3 subsets:OECs blank group (MOG0 group,4 rats ); OECs transplantation by vena caudalis (MOG1 group,7 rats); OECs transplantation by lateral cerebral ventricle (MOG2 group,4 rats). The animals in GPSCH group were also divided into 2 subsets:OECs blank group (GPSCH0 group,4 rats); OECs transplanted by vena caudalis (GPSCH1 group,4 rats). OECs transplanted through different ways in peak incidence,then the rats were measured to determine whether the symptom was ameliorated. Two weeks after transplantion,the rats were killed and the methods of histofluorescence and histopathology (HE staining and Luxol fast blue staining) were used to examine the distribution of the labeled OECs in EAE rats' bodies and to explore whether there was some amelioration in histology. RESULTS:After OECs transplantation by vena caudalis or lateral cerebral ventricle,the rats' symptom improved. Compared to OECs blank groups,there was significant difference in clinical scores (F=18.470,P0.01; t=-7.147,P0.01). No significant difference between MOG1 group and MOG2 group was observed (P0.05). The labeled OECs entered into the brain through the broken blood-brain-barrier after transplantation by vena caud-alis,the labeled OECs near the subpial area and around the lesions were found. OECs transplantation by the way of lateral cerebral ventricle showed great migration potential,the cells moved towards to the lesions extensively. No significant difference between OECs transplantation group and OECs blank group in histopathology (HE staining and LFB staining) was observed (P0.05),and the same thing also happened between MOG1 group and MOG2 group (P0.05). CONCLUSION:The transplantation of adult rats' OECs improves the EAE rats' symptom at some degree by the ways of vena caudalis or lateral cerebral ventricle.


Present environmental art design cannot make users feel the true and clear environmental art design effects. Therefore, the application of three-dimensional virtual VR technology in environmental art design is studied. By analyzing the application of three-dimensional virtual VR technology in environmental art design, a series of operations such as modeling types, components, terrain models, and real three-dimensional models are implemented. The application of three-dimensional virtual VR technology in urban garden environmental art design is analyzed in terms of the specific application of traffic environment art design and community environment art design.


A common form of damage encountered in marine structures is the accumulation of corrosion in susceptible areas, which leads to material wastage. As a result, the structural strength of the members affected is compromised, endangering their safe operation in design loads. Consequently, structural instabilities may occur, such as buckling due to compressive or/and shear loads. An alternative repair practice for preventing such phenomena, approved for secondary load-carrying members, is the application of composite patches to the damaged area. In this preliminary study, this technique is examined in the scope of developing a framework that can be used to find the optimal solution for restoring the buckling strength of a corroded plate. The methods used to achieve this are based on finite element analysis (FEA) and design of experiments (DoE) to statistically analyze the aforementioned numerical calculations. By introducing the composite patch's percentage coverage of its metal substrate and number of plies as design parameters, a response surface is generated with respect to the obtained factor of safety (regarding its reference uncorroded buckling strength). This list of data points is then evaluated, and an acceptable surface/list of design parameters' combinations is generated.


Electrospinning was used to produce fibers of barium zirconate (BZO) by metalorganic decomposition. Using short deposition times, a low density of randomly distributed fibers were deposited on lanthanum aluminate single crystals with (100) orientation. Then the films were subjected to thermal treatment at 600 °C and 800 °C to decompose the organic matter and crystallize the perovskite phase. X-ray diffraction, field-emission electron and atomic force microscopies were used as characterization tools. Continuous BZO tracks are obtained after removal of organics at 600 °C. At 800 °C, cube-on-cube heteroepitaxy of barium zirconate with respect to the lanthanum aluminate template was detected by synchrotron X-ray diffraction, although a fraction of misoriented BaZrO3 crystals were also detected by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD). For precursor fibers closely attached to the single crystal surface, BaZrO3 grows as epitaxial nanoparticles, which then coarsen and self-organize along the fiber tracks, showing oscillations in the interparticle separation distance. Growth of the coarsened low-aspect ratio crystals follows an anisotropic atomic diffusion mechanism, in which mass transport mainly occurs in the direction of the initially deposited fiber. The misoriented nanoparticles observed by GIXRD are attributed to the fibers deposited on top of those arriving first to the substrate and to the loss of the interfacial epitaxial growth at large crystal thickness. The distribution and morphology of the particles have been further analyzed by means of atomic force microscopy.


ABSTRACT The normative data of standard and multiple-frequency tympanometry should be established depending on gender, age, race and specific recording parameters. However, the lack of normative data of standard and multiple-frequency tympanometry was documented in Chinese older adults. Previous studies which conducted the normative data from Southern Chinese young adults may not represent the Chinese young and older adults in Taiwan. The purpose of this study is to establish the norms of standard and multiple-frequency tympanometry in Chinese young and older adults. The effects of age and gender are investigated for understanding the characteristics of normative data of tympanometry. A total of 100 young adults and 100 older adults with normal middle ear status were recruited from the community in Taiwan. The data of peak Ytm, Vea and TW were obtained by a 226 Hz probe tone. Multiple-frequency tympanometry was recorded by 226, 678 and 1000 Hz probe tones and categorized by the Vanhuyse model. The resonance frequency was obtained by the method of sweep-pressure. The two-way independent ANOVA was used separately to examine the effects of age and gender on each of the tympanometric measures. The effect of gender was found in Ytm, Vea and TW, while the effect of age was only found in Vea. Older adults have more complex patterns of multiple-frequency tympanometry and have significantly lower resonance frequency than young adults do. Results suggest that the middle ear system status changes with aging. The norms, especially gender-specific norms, are needed for Chinese older adults for interpretation.


The invention discloses a consumption difference analysis model experiment system and method based on a relation between coal consumption and controllable factors and relates to a generator set operation control technology. The system consists of an operation control platform, a generator set, an intermediate variable monitor, a coal consumption calculator and a data distributor which are connected with one another in sequence. The method comprises the following steps: (1) setting a boundary; (2) determining input factors and intermediate variables; (3) determining a corresponding relation between the intermediate variables and the controllable factors; (4) screening the main intermediate variable; (5) performing single factor test; (6) establishing a relation between consumption difference and the main controllable factor; (7) performing multi-factor test; (8) establishing a consumption difference analysis model. According to the consumption difference analysis model experiment system and method, the relation between operator's operating behaviors, namely the controllable factors and the coal consumption is established, and the new consumption difference analysis model is established; according to the consumption difference analysis model, an optimal controllable factor combination can be determined, so that the operator's actual operation behaviors are guided.


The article intends to invest in the study of the dynamics of the economy in Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, in the two decades preceding the abolition of slavery in Brazil, from the business and fortune of Francisco Ferreira Saturnino Braga, owner of land, slaves, mill owner, industrial, railroad dealer and banker, a key figure to understand the changes occurred in an area of the sugar production directs to the domestic market. The singularities and particularities obtained by observation in small scale may reveal the possibility of perceiving a broader articulation with the structures of a market economy.


We analyse the classical Chapman-Enskog expansion for the Boltzmann equation. We show that this expansion should be considered as an intermediate step in constructing the asymptotics of solutions to the Boltzmann equation for small Knudsen numbers. It is explained that the way of transformation of the expansion is quite clear for the linearized case. Difficulties of the nonlinear problem are also briefly discussed.


Issue. Affordable financing is an important factor in a firm's long-term investment decisions and its day-to-day operations. Adequately financed businesses can adjust to market and technological developments in ways that increase productivity and spur development. Rural financial markets appear to meet the needs of most established rural businesses. But startup businesses, and even mature businesses in some localities, may face financial constraints. The right combination of governmentsponsored programs can help alleviate their financing problems, leading to increased investment and rural job growth.


In order to find a green route of butyl propionate, this paper studied the synthesis of butyl propionate catalyzed by Ce_2 ( SO_4 )_3 supported on coal based activated carbon, the factor of esterification reaction yield, such as ratio between alcohol and acid, weight of catalyst and reaction time by the method of orthogonal design. Obtain the best synthesis conditions; the molar ratio of 1.4 : 1 , weight of catalyst of 0.6g, reaction time of 40 min, The optimum condition showed the esterification reaction yield of over 97% . The results showed that Ce_2 ( SO_4 )_3 supported on coal based activated carbon had a good catalytic activity for the synthesis of butyl propionate.


8 January 2015 • Nursing Management www.nursingmanagement.com A s the nursing profession navigates the 21st century, it's increasingly important to consider the pipeline of future nurse leaders. As the landscape of the profession changes due to a multiplicity of factors, it's crucial for nursing practice leaders and academic institutions to engage in critical conversations and partnerships to sustain leadership capacity in the nursing profession. Paramount in these conversations and partnerships is evaluation of leadership curricula; identification of requisite leadership competencies and skills in nurse managers, RNs, and nursing students; developing leadership competencies and skills as nursing students matriculate through nursing programs; and creating opportunities for leadership mentoring. As the profession continues to face challenges directly related to the nursing workforce shortage, such as decreased enrollment in nursing schools, nursing faculty shortages, an aging nursing workforce, and expected nurse manager and leader retirement, it's incumbent on academicians, clinicians, and practice leaders to consider the impact these variables will have on the future nurse leader workforce. Data suggest that a significant segment of the RN workforce is reaching retirement age. With over 55% of the nurse workforce age 50 and older, the healthcare landscape may be in serious trouble.1 This article shares the perspective of collaborative engagement between practice and education in addressing the critical need of increasing the pipeline of future nurse leaders. Decreased nursing school enrollments There appears to be a direct correlation between decreased enrollment in nursing programs and the availability of future nurse leaders. Data suggest that enrollment in nursing schools isn't growing fast enough to keep up with the future demand necessary for a sustainable workforce.1 As the profession considers strategies to increase enrollment, attention to diversity and representation of underserved and underrepresented populations is imperative. The evidence suggests that patients prefer healthcare providers who "look like them."2 The data also suggest that the quality of patient care and health outcomes increases when the healthcare provider resembles the patient for whom he or she is caring. Knowing this, nursing programs should increase efforts to connect with underserved and underrepresented populations, and healthcare administrators and nurse leaders should examine hiring strategies and the proportion of underrepresented nurses. In order for there to be a pipeline of diverse students, nursing schools must first diversify their student population. Together, practice and education can share in the marketing efforts, recruitment strategies, and admissions processes. Leveraging these types of collaborative efforts and coordinated campaigns will ensure an increase in nursing school enrollments and nursing student diversity, thus influencing a more diverse nurse leader workforce and the future of dynamic, diverse nurse leaders.2,3


Objective To evaluate the relation of the degrees of atherosclerosis between coronary atherosclerosis (CAS) and that of the aorta (AAS) in autopsied cases with cardiovascular diseases. Methods Two hundreds and thirty eight continous autopsy data of the cases with cardiovascular diseases in our hospital were analysised. The mean age of them was 73 2±9 9(43 97)years. Among them seventy cases were with hypertension; eighty one cases with coronary artery disease (CAD); sixty two with both hypertension and CAD; twenty five patients with hypertension and CAD and diabetes. The autopsy data were classified into different degrees. AAS was described to 0~IV degree according to the percentage of area in which the atherosclerotic plaque impinged on the aortic intima; CAS was described to 0~4 degree according to the narrowing area of transection in at lest one of main coronary branches. The liner regression analysis was performed by t test in SPSS 10 0 format. Results There was a significant positive correlation between AAS and CAS in all the cases ( r =0 366, P 0 01) and in the different age groups. And also a significant positive correlation of the degrees of AAS and CAS ( r =0 2751, P 0 01) was revealed in 70 hypertensive cases. A negative result was shown in 81 cases with CAD and in 25 cases with CAD and hypertension and diabetes. The correlation analysis in 62 cases with both CAD and hypertension was also shown a negative result, except in the age group of less than 65 year old. Conclusion The degree of AAS may reflect that of CAS correspondingly especially in patients with hypertension, but may be not obvious in patients with CAD or with hypertension combined with CAD and diabetes, and also in patients with hypertension combined with CAD in more than 65 year old group.


Abstract This study explores the mediating effect of work engagement on the relationship between transformational leadership (TFL) and nurses' job performance, along with the moderating effect of conscientiousness on work engagement within the TFL/performance relationship. Survey data were collected from 234 supervisor–subordinate dyads at a regional hospital in Taiwan, and linear regression modeling performed to examine the hypotheses. TFL was found to be positively correlated with nurses' job performance; and the motivation mechanism of work engagement did mediate the relationship between TFL and job performance, but only when nurses' conscientiousness was high. As such, the results provide new insights into both how, and why, TFL can enhance nurses' job performance: specifically, that their work engagement and conscientiousness are key determinants of how the TFL/job performance relationship operates.


The stainless steel scraping grey board low-pressure economizer was employed.The calculation results show that through this low-pressure economizer,the boiler's exhaust gas temperature can be cut down to 50℃,even below the dew point;and applying anti-corrosion measures to the both equipment and flue behind the low pressure economizer should be considered.


During the post-fermentation processing, the concentration of ethanol in dressing mixture takes influence on sufu quality. In this paper, by preparing low-salt sufu added by different concentrations of ethanol, the effect of ethanol on low -salt sufu quality including microflora and physicochemical properties etc. was studied. The results showed the content of ethanol had significant negative correlation with total bacteria count, LAB count, pH, amino nitrogen content, and the Person Correlation Coefficients were -0.752, -0.769, -0.728, -0.616, respectively. Among them, the quality of sufu with 25% ethanol was obviously different from the lower concentration samples. It was suggested that ethanol is possible to added into the dressing mixture for production of low-salt sufu.


Many words have been written about the epidemic of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in developed and developing countries, and there are few clinicians at the coal face who do not feel overwhelmed by the tsunami of diabetes cases being experienced, particularly in multi-ethnic urban areas. It is clear that preventing diabetes is certainly more cost effective than treating the condition and its attendant complications. We now have strong randomised trial evidence that intervention, either by pharmacological or lifestyle methods, in patients with pre-diabetes can reduce risk of incident diabetes. 1,2,3 The seeds of diabetes are, however, sown in childhood and nurtured by environmental factors which require concerted action to break. It is clear, therefore, that prevention of diabetes should start earlier than the phase of pre-diabetes. Increasingly concerning is the fact that the onset of T2D is occurring at an ever-younger age and is now common among children and young adults. In high-risk ethnic groups, it seems likely that T2D is set to take over from type 1 as the predominant cause of diabetes in children. 4,5 The younger the age of onset of the disease, the greater the potential for complications to occur. While obesity and sedentary physical lifestyles are the main enabling factors for T2D in youth, there is growing evidence that in-utero exposure to hyperglycaemia may increase the risk of diabetes in offspring. 6 This may suggest that vigorous control of hyperglycaemia in women with gestational diabetes may be of importance in the prevention of diabetes in their children. In the UK, the National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) has recently published guidelines on the prevention of diabetes. 7 They exhort local and national action to tackle obesity and physical inactivity. Local action suggested includes provision of community-based weight management programmes for people who are overweight or obese, which is sensible given the outcomes of lifestyle interventions in trials of pre-diabetes and in people with early diabetes. The guidelines appropriately state that communities at high risk of diabetes should be targeted with culturally appropriate interventions. Implementation, however, has been limited and timid at best – perhaps from an unwarranted sense of nihilism by those responsible for commissioning and a lack of financial incentives (for example from Quality Outcomes Framework payments) by those who might support or deliver these interventions. When patients are referred for intervention it is often too little and too late. The guidelines also exhort national governmental action to prevent diabetes. They suggest that the UK government works with food manufacturers to improve composition of foods and develop clear nutritional labelling information, and also with food retailers to reduce the costs of healthier foods. The UK government's response has been muted and restricted to policies around 'nudging' people into healthy behaviours. Information programmes such as 'Change 4 Life' have been pushed as a national response to this public health crisis. 8 The effects of such policies appear to be limited and at best offer a minor short term benefit. Such programmes have also received criticism for their sponsorship by commercial companies producing sugar-sweet


In our day to day life, the availability of correctly labelled data as well as handling of categorical data are mostly acknowledged as two main challenges in dynamic analysis. Therefore, clustering techniques are applied on unlabelled data to group them in accordance with the homogeneity. There are many prediction methods that are being popularly used in handling forecasting problems in real time environment. The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID19)-2019 creates the need for a medical emergency of worldwide concern with a rapidly high danger of open out and strike the entire world. Recently, the ML prediction models were used in many real time applications which necessitate the identification and categorization for real time environment. In medical field Prediction models are vital role to obtain observations of spread and significances of infectious diseases. Machine learning related forecasting mechanisms have showed their importance to develop the decision making on the upcoming course of actions. The K-means algorithm and hierarchy were applied directly on the renewed dataset using R programming language to create the covid patient cluster. Confirmed Covid patients count are passed to Prophet package, then the prophet model has been created. This forecasts model predicts the future covid count, which is essential for the clinical and healthcare leaders to make the appropriate measures in advance. The results of the experiments indicate that the quality of Hierarchical clustering outperforms than the K-Means clustering algorithm in the structured structured dataset. Thus, the prediction model also used to support model predictions help for the officials to take timely actions and make decisions to contain the COVID-19 dilemma. This work concludes Hierarchical clustering algorithm is the best model for clustering the covid data set obtained from world health organization (WHO).


This study organize the concept of sustainable development by compiling New-urbanism, sustainable urban regeneration and theory of development. And the framework of analysis about the planning characteristics of New Urbanistic Waterfront and urban development was derived by compiling theory of Waterfront and Waterfront city and considering prior study. This study will analyze the advanced cases at home and abroad through the analysis of the urban development and architectural characteristics analysis system of the New Urbanism Waterfront and Waterfront City Development by analyzing the advanced cases of the domestic and foreign countries through the analysis. 주 요 어 : 뉴어버니즘, 수변공간, 지속가능, 지역개발, 상관성분석


: Exclusion of natural surface fires in warm / dry mixed-conifer forests of the western U.S. has increased potential for stand-replacing crown fires and reduced resilience of these systems to other disturbances, such as drought and insect attack. Tree thinning and the application of prescribed fire are commonly used to restore more resilient ecological conditions, but currently, there is a lack of long-term data with which to evaluate restoration treatment e ff ectiveness in forest types where resprouting shrubs dominate understory communities. At a mixed-conifer site in southwestern Colorado, we compared forest structure and understory vegetation responses to three restoration treatments (thin / burn, burn, and control) over 10 years in a completely randomized and replicated experiment. Forest density, canopy cover, and crown fuel loads were consistently lower, and crown base height was higher, in thin / burn than burn or controls, but the e ff ects diminished over time. Ten years following treatment, > 99% of all plant species within both treatments and the control were native in origin. There were no di ff erences between treatments in understory richness, diversity, cover, or surface fuels, but graminoid cover more than doubled in all treatments over the 15-year monitoring period. Similarly, there was more than a 250% increase post-treatment in shrub density, with the greatest increases in the thin / burn treatment. In addition, we saw an increase in the average shrub height for both treatments and the control, with shrub stems > 80 cm becoming the dominant size class in the thin / burn treatment. Conifer seedling density was significantly lower in thin / burn compared with burn and control treatments after 10 years. Taken together, these conditions create challenges for managers aiming to reestablish natural fire patterns and sustain mixed-conifer forests. To limit the dominance of resprouting shrubs and facilitate conifer regeneration after overstory thinning and prescribed fire, managers may need to consider new or more intensive approaches to forest restoration, particularly given current and projected climate change. 4 blocks × 3 treatment units / block × 20 plots / unit = 240 plots). Plot centers were permanently marked with iron stakes and georeferenced with global positioning systems. We collected pre-treatment data in the summer of 2003 and post-treatment data in the summers of 2009, 2013, and 2018. Overstory trees and saplings taller than breast height (137 cm) were measured in a 400-m 2 (11.28 m radius) circular plot.


Discusses the psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the Organizational Identification Scale (F. Mael and B. E. Ashforth, 1992). Research using the Dutch translation is reviewed. It is concluded that the Dutch version is a valid and reliable instrument that may provide a basis for the study of social identity processes in organizations in Dutch-speaking areas.


This Paper was in view of the present situation of specialty of Chinese and Western medicine student's enthusiasm and initiative was not high and confused to future of their specialty that resulted from the flaw in education and teach - ing of specialty of Chinese and Western medicine of Medical colleges and universities. From the angle of setting up correct study method of reading curriculum of Chinese medicine classics,western medicine elementary knowledge and curriculum of cooperation of Chinese and Western medicine,and understanding Chinese and Western medicine knowledge to discuss how to help the students of specialty of Chinese and Western medicine in learning specialized knowledge and firming specialized thought.


The lower reach of Minjiang River, which passes through the Fuzhou city, is in the tidal area. A Two-Dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model is developed. Taking Wukong sewage outfall as an example, the characteristic of pollution zone which is visualized by the contour of concentration is investigated, and the influential factors are also analyzed. It shows that the longest upstream pollution zone appears near the fastest flood moment, the longest downstream one appears near the ebb moment, the widest pollution zone occurs near the high or low water stand moment. The factors such as pollutant load, pollutant decaying coefficient and longitudinal diffusion coefficient are sensitive to the range of the pollution zone.


The present invention provides compositions and methods for manipulating via stomata by controlling the CO2 sensor genes water and / or carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange. The present invention provides a composition for enhancing or optimizing the method and plant biomass accumulation. The present invention provides compositions and methods for opening or hole on the cuticle of the plant guard cells mouth closed. The present invention provides a means for increasing or reducing the cuticle of the plant guard cells oxygenation efficiency / or carbon fixation compositions and methods and by manipulating 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase expression / ribulose. The present invention provides a promoter for regulating expression of a nucleic acid in a plant guard cells.


A technique of realising a variable-frequency RC oscillator is proposed. The frequency of oscillation is found to be the difference of two RC functions, which permits a very-low-frequency realisation. The frequency variation is obtained by controlling a single resistance in the network.


Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): FEDER Funds through the Operational Competitiveness Factors Program—COMPETE National Funds through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) "PTDC/DTP-DES/1725/2014". SL is a PhD fellow supported by the FCT (Grant Ref: SFRH/BD/129454/2017).

 Resistant hypertension is a major health problem due to the increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. Physical activity and exercise reduces blood pressure in resistant hypertension and is associated with lower cardiovascular risk and mortality. It is presently recommended that physical activity assessment should be a priority in all visits to health settings

 This study aims to determine if the Brief Physical Activity Assessment Tool (BPAAT), a 2-question tool to assess physical activity, is a valid instrument to detect inactive patients with resistant hypertension.

 Sixty patients with a diagnosis of resistant hypertension were recruited. Outcome measures included clinical data, blood pressure and daily physical activity. Physical activity was objectively measured over a 7-day period with an accelerometer and subjectively assessed (self-assessment) by the BPAAT. The association between the BPAAT and accelerometry, according to the BPAAT scoring categories, was assessed bythe percentage of agreement, Cohen's Kappa and sensitivity and specificity.

 Patients (33 were male) had a mean age of 59.4 ± 9.1years, were on average overweight (BMI 29.5 ± 4.5 kg/m2) and on an average of 4.5 ± 0.7 antihypertensive medications. Forty-two patients (70%) were classified as insufficiently active by the BPAAT compared to the 38 (63.3%) insufficiently active patients identified by the accelerometry data. Regarding the questionnaire's specificity and sensitivity, the BPAAT correctly identified 32 [84.2 (73.1 – 95.3) %] of the 38 'insufficiently active' patients and 12 [54.5 (34.3 – 74.7) %] of the 22 'sufficiently active' patients identified by accelerometry. The agreement between BPAAT and accelerometry to identify sufficiently/insufficiently active patients, according to the BPAAT's cut-off values was fair to moderate (Kappa = 0.403 (0.162 – 0.674), with a percentage of agreement of 73.3%.

 The BPAAT, a 2-question tool to assess physical activity, seems to be a valid and fast solution to identify insufficiently active adults with resistant hypertension during routine clinical visits.


We found a weak ferromagnetic interaction in solid (octabutoxyphthalocyaninato) cobalt CoPc(OBu) 8 at low temperature. It is conceivable that a dimer of CoPc(OBu) 8 having a triplet ground state is involved in the magnetic property of this material


The "cation flow" method, in which highly reactive carbocations are generated in the absence of nucleophiles by low temperature electrolysis and are allowed to react with carbon nucleophiles in the microflow system to achieve direct electrooxidative C-C bond formation, has been developed. As an extension of the cation flow method, an electrochemical paired microflow system that involves concurrent anodic generation of carbocations and cathodic generation of carbon nucleophiles followed by their reactions to achieve straightforward C-C bond formation has also been developed.


The high expense of software testing processes exposes the fact that the existing testing techniques are neither efficient nor effective. Software engineering researchers have enough motivation to design more rigorous and effective yet less expensive software testing techniques. Experimentation is the primary tool to assess the effectiveness of a set of techniques. To conduct a scientific and replicable experiment, we need a set of subject programs and their artifacts that are well-prepared. Setting up a repeatable and automated experiment with significant volume of data is a challenge.
Mutation is a fault-based technique by which we generate a set of slightly altered and possibly faulty versions (mutants). Mutation operators are a set of mathematically well-defined transformations simulating simple faults. We tune the quality of mutants by designing various types of mutation operators. Applying mutation operators, we are able to generate a considerably large number of mutants. These properties of mutation make it a suitable tool for conducting repeatable experiments. The idea, albeit interesting, opens up several challenging research questions.
First, we investigate the behavior of mutants and faults in various circumstances. Research shows that for random-based test suites mutants are good representatives for real faults. We extend previous research by studying their similarities for coverage-based test suites.
Second, the thesis investigates the feasibility of using mutation in assessing the cost-effectiveness of testing techniques. Addressing the trade-off in cost-effectiveness of different criteria assists a test practitioner in choosing the most appropriate criterion.
Third, we tackle the infeasibility of mutation. Mutation is an expensive technique mainly caused by generating enormous number of mutants. The sufficient set problem is the problem of finding a smaller subset of mutants while maintaining the properties of the entire set of mutants. We determine the sufficient set for both random and coverage-based test suites.
The main theme of this thesis is empirical study and statistical analysis. The results show that mutants can be a good representative of real faults. We adapt several statistical techniques such as variable reduction and subset model selection for determining a sufficient set. The thesis introduces Cost-based Least Angle Regression (CbLARS) by which a set of best fitted regression models are constructed.
Keywords. Testing and Debugging, Mutation Analysis, Mutation Testing, Testing Effectiveness, Experimental Design, Testing Strategies, Test Coverage of Code, Statistical Analysis


(57) Abstract: The present invention is combined with an alkaline detergent products, a foam stabilizer composition used to generate the foam. This foam is or disintegrate over a prolonged, dried can be attached to vertical surfaces without or, further, can be washed away easily and completely with water. In general, the foam composition comprises a source of alkalinity and vinyl polymers. The present invention also includes a method of cleaning hard surfaces using the disclosed compositions.


Heat transfer from one fluid to another is important application in engineering science, various type of heat exchanger devices was developed by engineers from previous decades. Research on these devices continues in present era to improve thermal performance. Various shapes are used by engineers to improve thermal performance. Main common shapes are like simple straight pipe, curved shape pipe, twisted shape pipe, custom shape pipes like corrugated plate heat exchanger. In present study three type of corrugated plates are selected which are following simple flat plate, circular plate, angular plate type heat exchangers are investigated in present thesis. Simple U bend tubes are experimental investigated and validated with numerical simulation and present in research work. Design of experiment (DOE) "Taguchi" method is selected for this research work and total 16 experiments are selected and solved by using Ansys fluent software. Signal to noise ratio analysis and ANOVA analysis is performed for outlet temperature.


The first experimental results of the observation of superradiance from a single subnanosecond high current electron bunch are presented. Superradiance was associated with different varieties of stimulated emission (Cherenkov, bremsstrahlung, cyclotron, etc.). Ka band microwave pulses with a unique short duration (300 ps) and peak power up to 60 MW have been obtained. A repetition rate mode up to 25 pps is realized.


With Kokutai (state system) as an important pivot and a motive force, Japanese nationalism rose and developed in modern Japan before 1945, therefore, it can also be called kokutai nationalism. It's just because it combined with kokutai that Japanese nationalism showed unique characteristics. This dissertation takes Kokutai Meichō Movement (movement of clarifying state system in 1935), which was a typical expression of Japanese ultra nationalism, as an example to point out that kokutai ideology is a defensive mechanism of Japanese community. Although the meaning of kokutai was unclear, it played an important role in integrating nation and ensuring national identity by its absolute value. So kokutai thoughts emerged whenever the system faced the danger of being changed and it was combined with Japan's nationalism for structural reasons.