Slow pulsed capillary discharges in round capillaries are currently under investigation for use as plasma channel laser waveguides in laser-wakefield acceleration, x-ray lasers, and higher-harmonic generation. In this study, a capillary discharge with a square cross section is presented. The electron density, which determines the laser guiding properties, can be measured by means of transverse interferometry in this device. Using a numerical model of the plasma and the capillary wall, an analysis of the discharge is made. The results predict that the square channel is capable of guiding circular laser pulses. The guiding properties are quite similar to those of a round channel with nearly the same diameter as the channel width. This suggests the results obtained by measuring the square capillary discharge are applicable for round channels as well. It was found that the wall heating was inhomogeneous, which makes the wall more susceptible to ablation. The heating of the wall changes the transverse optical pathlength in the interferometry experiments.


Thewater quality capturevolume (WQCV) is a design parameter that is used for sizing urban storm-water treatment facilities. The storage, treatment, overflow, and runoff model (STORM) in NetSTORM was used to translate historical hourly rainfall records into storm event runoff data and to compute the WQCV (set at the 85th percentile capture of the annual runoff volume) of eight cities located in various climatological areas of South Korea. For each city, one-parameter and two-parameter exponential distributions were fitted to the set of storm event runoff volumes that were computed by STORM, and the 85th percentile runoff volume that was determined from the STORM was compared to the 85th percentile runoff volumes that were obtained from the two exponential distributions. The results demonstrate that the more easily applied distribution approach is adequate in South Korea for determining the WQCV. In Seoul, which is a city located in the northwestern part of South Korea, the two-parameter exponential distribution yielded the best estimate of the WQCV computed by STORM. For Chuncheon, Wonju, and Daejeon, which are cities located in the north-central and central parts of South Korea, the WQCVs were accurately estimated using both the one-parameter and two-parameter exponential distributions. Finally, in the cities of Gangneung, Gwangju, Daegu, and Busan, which are located in the northeastern and southern parts of South Korea, the WQCVs were best estimated using the one- parameter exponential distribution. It was found that seasonal variations in rainfall and rainfall event depth are important factors in assessing the WQCV. This study also found that the one-parameter exponential distribution approach, which is the most common approach used in the United States, may not be adequate for WQCVestimation if the standard deviation for average monthly rainfall is significant. DOI: 10.1061/ (ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000204. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. CE Database subject headings: Nonpoint pollution; Parameters; Rainfall; Seasonal variations; South Korea; Stormwater management; Water quality.


Age-related decline results in changes to the architecture of the intestinal epithelium and a loss of barrier function, accompanied by elevated stress and immune signalling and alterations to the intestinal microbial population. Interventions that prevent these phenotypes support longevity across several model organisms. Despite this we do not yet know whether age-related intestinal decline impacts nutrient management, a key function of the intestinal epithelium. Addressing this question is critical given that nutritional interventions hold significant promise in the development of anti-ageing therapies. In this study we have developed Drosophila Undigested Metabolite Profiling (D.U.M.P.) to assess the impact of intestinal ageing on nutrient absorption/excretion balance. We demonstrate that ageing results in a significant increase in amino acid load in the intestinal lumen that shortens lifespan. While the microbiota contributes significantly to intestinal amino acid load, age-related increases remain in sterile flies and are associated with reduced expression of a subset of amino acid transporters. Knockdown of the amino acid transporter slimfast in the intestinal epithelium extends lifespan and confers improved microbial control in aged flies. Our findings demonstrate that age-related intestinal decline may alter the capacity of the epithelium to take up nutrients, resulting in local changes to the nutritional environment that have consequences for health. We emphasise that diet is not the sole determinant of the intestinal nutritional environment, and that the status of the intestinal epithelium and its capacity for nutrient uptake is a key mediator in the response to dietary interventions. Therefore, further understanding the impact of intestinal ageing on nutrient management will be critical to the rational design of nutritional therapies.


SUMMARY A procedure based on differences is used to yield an estimator of an unknown parameter occurring in the autocorrelation structure of a stationary Gaussian vector process. Various properties of the estimator including its existence, consistency and asymptotic normality are shown. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the estimator to be efficient. LET {y(t), t > 0} be a stationary Gaussian vector process having m components with E{y(t)} = 0, var {y(t)}- E{y(t) y(t)T} = I and E{y(t) y(t +s)T} = Po(s), s > O, where T denotes transpose, I is the m x m identity matrix, and P0(s) is the autocorrelation matrix, of {y(t), t> 0}, which depends on some real unknown parameter 0e E). It is desired to estimate 0 from a realization x(O),...,x(k) of the sampling process, {x(j)_ y(jr), 0 =o. Nevertheless, Whittle (1951, 1952, 1953) in a series of classical articles circumvented this problem by (asymptotically) approximating {x(j), j = 0,1, ...} by its corresponding circulant process, and succeeded in showing the following Theorem.


(57) Abstract: The present invention is equal to Leidenfrost temperature, at higher temperatures, without causing distortion to the metal alloy, directed to a process having a controllable liquid quenching means for quenching the metal alloy there.


The zeta potential, called an electrokinetic potential, refers to the potential difference caused by electrodynamic phenomenon, which is a value obtained by quantifying the surface charge property. The zeta potential has been actively studied for membrane fouling, confirmation of modification and substituent confirmation through surface charge analysis. The methods of measurement for zeta potential were developed on the basis of electrophoresis, electrosmosis and streaming potential. Among them, it was known that the streaming potential method was suitable for the flat sheet membrane. So, in this study, aminated poly(styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene) membranes were prepared by introducing ammonium groups and the streaming potentials of the prepared membranes were measured by using an electrokinetic potential analyzer (SurPASS) and the results were analyzed.


E VER SINCE business executives first served as Presidential advisors and Cabinet officials, men have speculated on what businessmen learn from service in Washington. In a period marked by growing interdependence of business and government, by expansion in the impact of federal policies on the lives of every citizen, and by participation of men such as Defense Secretaries Robert Lovett, Charles Wilson, Neil McElroy, Thomas Gates, and Robert McNamara and Treasury Secretaries John Snyder, George Humphrey, Robert Anderson, and Douglas Dillon in the formation of vital policies, this question becomes even more intriguing. Yet, little research has been done on the influence of public service on the political views of officials recruited from the business community., In order to determine what influence, if any, government service has on business executives, requests for interviews were sent to 88 businessmen who had returned to the business community following service at the level of


A new microprocessor automatic synchronizer based on the electronic voltage transducer is presented,the software algorithm and principle of electronic voltage transducer are expounded,and the design plan of the new synchronizing device is given according to the hardware and the software.Simulation results show that generator can parallel in the power grid.Basing on electronic voltage transformers and using new technology in hardware and software,the new device has stronger anti-jamming ability,better accuracy,and simpler hardware structure than the old ones have.When the voltage step increases,the accuracy of the new device will not lose.


The rise of China presents a long-term challenge to the world not only economically, but politically and culturally. In his recent book William Callahan explores China's identity politics, focusing on the power dynamic between China and the rest of the world, and the concept of 'national humiliation' and the shared emotions of a nation. James Cuffe is highly impressed with Callahan's work, concluding that it offers an important contribution to studies of Chinese national discourse. China: The Pessoptimist Nation. William A. Callahan. Oxford University Press. Paperback edition. February 2012.


Purpose To present our criterion about identifying breast masses on ultrasonography by comparing the sonographic features with the pathological results. Methods A total of 185 patients received operation among them were 107 benign and 81 malignacies breast masses The instrument was Sequoia 512 equiped with 8 - 13MHz wideband linear probe.The differential parameters of ultrasonography were the shape、mar-gin、boundary echogenicy、inner echogenicity、rear echogeniciry、side-wall posterior shadowing and length- thickness ratio. Results The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound was 97.2% (104/107) in benign masses and 85.2% (69/81) in malignant masses. Conclusion In order to diagnose breast masses accurately with ultrasonography, it is necessary to consider the ultrasonographic characters of the mass, the relationship between the mass and its surrounding tissue, as well as the sonographic characters of different pathological types.


The writer systematically refutes all of the discussers' criticisms and supplies more details on the rigour of his "slope-based" frequency analysis. He also identifies key flaws of alternative and conflicting statistical interpretations proposed by the two discussion teams; and provides detailed documentation of the large uncertainty associated with paleolimnological assessments of ice-jam flood frequency.


Martinez, S. 1993. Synopsis of the genus Azorella Lam. (Apiaceae, Hydrocotyloideae). Darwiniana 32: 171-184. Azorella was partially treated in several regional floristic papers in the last three decades. However, there has been no comprehensive taxonomic synthesis of the genus to date. The pur pose of this paper is to repair this lack. This synopsis provides: 1) A new infrageneric classification based on the phenetic affinities among species just estab lished in a previous paper. The genus is divided into four sections: Sect. Azorella —with two se ries: Ser. Azorella and Ser. Squamulosae (Hauman) Martinez—, Sect. Spinosae nov. sect., Sect. Ciliatae Hauman, and Sect. Cirrhosae Hauman emend. Martinez. 2) Keys for recognition of sec tions, series, and species. 3) A list of the species, including for each a list of synonyms, refer ences to accessible iconography, and common names. 4) Distribution maps for the sections and individual species. 5) A list of excluded taxa.


In controlled clinical trials, balanced allocation over covariates is often viewed as an essential component in ensuring valid treatment comparisons. Minimization, sometimes called 'dynamic allocation', or 'covariate‐adaptive randomization' has an advantage over stratified randomization, in that it is able to achieve balance over a large number of covariates when the sample size is small to medium. Despite its effectiveness, minimization has been questioned by regulatory agencies, mainly because of its increased complexity in practice and its potential impact on subsequent analysis. In recent years, however, with developments in clinical trials information technology, as well as advances in statistical theory, the attitudes toward minimization have evolved. In its 2013 draft guidelines, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) provided instructive guidelines for the implementation of minimization. In this paper we review the broad class of methods that belong to minimization, including its original forms for balancing over covariate margins and its generalization to balancing over other subgroups of interest or over continuous covariates. Moreover, we review the theoretical development in recent years, including the large‐sample properties of balance under minimization, the impact of minimization on inference for different data types, and on suitable randomization tests. WIREs Comput Stat 2014, 6:288–303. doi: 10.1002/wics.1309


An embossing technology featuring that after the paper is fed once, the embossings can be conducted at more working positions includes such steps as delivering paper, embossing at multiple positions by multiple embossing unit, and receiving paper. An automatic cutting-thermopminting machine is composed of a paper delivering unit, an embossing unit with move than two mechanics for performing the thermoprinting, stamping, and cutting, and a paper receiving unit.


Development of low cost hybrid functional nano-structured materials has great interest to enhance sensitivity of dye-sensitized solar cells and reduction of the production cost. In this talk we will discuss about using different processes to modify functional characteristics of photoelectrode and investigate effects of chemical modification without significant structural variation on to enhance performance of DSSCs. Efficient electron transportation between dye molecules and photoelectrode has been obtained by appropriate chemical modification and efficiency of DSSC has been significantly improved. A comparative analysis on effects of surface functional and electron states of photoelectrode on VOC and JSC has been also carried out to discuss effects of composite materials on physical structure and electronic properties to correlate enhanced performance of these devices.


In an emerging global economy, the ability of telecommunications (also known as telecoms) to provide a competitive network for exchanging information has important implications for productivity and development. Direct benefits from telecommunications include within-sector increases in employment, productivity and revenue that flow from infrastructure investment. Also, efficient delivery and use of telecom services provide indirect benefits to other sectors of the economy through lower transactions costs, improved marketing integration, and accelerated inAbstAct


This paper discusses that we should handle affairs according to the law of compulsory education of the People's Republic of China in order to achieve the purpose of popularizing nine-year compulsory education and consolidate the achievements of them It analyses the problems of consolidating the achievements of popularizing nine-year compulsory education and puts forward some suggestions


The tethered satellite system mission can allow direct observation of the structure and the dynamics of the lower atmosphere; as well as answer some basic questions on the chemical composition of the atmosphere; the coupling mechanisms between small and large scale motions; the global wind field of the lower atmosphere, and how it is influenced by waves and tides; the mass, momentum, and energy fluxes in the lower thermosphere; how the above are affected by externally perturbed conditions (for example by magnetic storms, solar wind and its variability, etc.); and the pattern of electric current circulation and its relationship with the magnetospheric environment. Fundamental plasma processes can also be studied. Similarity of conditions in other plasmas in space makes it possible to get information on the magnetospheres of the giant planets or more generally on the solar system. The electrodynamic phenomena associated with the Jovian satellite Io (radioemission, UV emission, energetic electron precipitation) can be examined by simple scaling to the terrestrial case.


When the fission reaction happens in neutron transport calculation,the energy of the fission neutron can be usually determined by the fission spectrum.Since the coefficient of the spectrum type depends on the incident neutron energy,the multigroup neutron fission spectrum should strictly be a matrix form.In general transport calculation,the 235 U vector fission spectrum is usually chosen as the standard fission spectrum.In order to make clear what kind of effect will be produced after this treatment,the Monte Carlo method and the multigroup P 3 Monte Carlo neutron transport code MCMG are used to analyze the difference between two types of fission spectrums.By comparison the results with MCNP code,it is certain that the difference exists,but it does not have any effect on the correction of the calculated results.At the same time,the calculation results of the different neutron cross section libraries have been compared. [


We give a thoroughful explanation of the general properties of different, general scales, corresponding to different (all possible) mathematical functions f(x), we mention and analyse many examples. These observations and statements might help us to plan and realize any specific scale we need in the future, or to understand better any interesting or miserable properties of old scales.


Nineteen different species belonging to the genus Oryza were studied for variation in electrophoretic patterns of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) extracted from germinating seeds. The ADH patterns were similar for aerobically and anaerobically germinating seeds of all the species. Oryza saliva accessions, both indica and japonica, revealed a five-band pattern on polyacrylamide gels. African cultivated rice, Oryza glaberrima, had an alcohol dehydrogenase pattern similar to that of O. sativa. Oryza perennis complex comprising of Oryza nivara, Oryza rufipogon in Asia, Oryza barthii, Oryza longistaminata in Africa, and some of the accessions of O. rufipogon from America had ADH patterns similar to that of O. sativa. In a few accessions of O. rufipogon from America, only three bands were visualized. Oryza minuta, Oryza officinalis, Oryza punctata, Oryza alta, Oryza grandiglumis, and Oryza latifolia had similar patterns with one major band at the same Rf value as the major band of O. sativa and two minor bands corr...


Song Hi LeeDepartment of Chemistry, Kyungsung University, Busan 608-736, KoreaReceived December 15, 2003We presents new results for transport properties of du mbbell fluids by equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD)simulations using Green-Kubo and Einstein formulas. It is evident that the interaction between dumbbellmolecules is less attractive than that between spherical molecules which leads to higher diffusion and to lowerfriction. The calculated viscosity, however, is almost independent on the molecular elongation within statisticalerror bar, which is contradicted to the Stokes' law. The calculated thermal conductivity increases and thendecreases as molecular elongation increases. These re sults of viscosity and thermal conductivity for dumbbellmolecules by EMD simulations are inconsistent with the earlier results of those by non-equilibrium moleculardynamics (NEMD) simulations. The possible limitation of the Green-Kubo and Einstein formulas with regardto the calculations of viscosity and thermal conductivity for molecular fluids such as the missing rotationaldegree of freedom is pointed out.Key Words : Diffusion, Viscosity, Thermal conductivity, Dumbbell, Molecular dynamics simulationIntroductionThe earliest molecular dynamics (MD) simulation methodhas been widely used to study the monatomic fluids,


CuInSe 2 monograin powders (MGP) were synthesized from Cu-In alloys of different Cu/In concentration ratios and elemental Se in liquid phase of flux material in evacuated quartz ampoules. The surface morphology, phase structure, and composition of the powder crystals were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis respectively. Bulk composition was analyzed polarographically. Photoluminescence spectra were measured at 9 K. It was found that the composition of MGP material (Cu/In concentration ratio) can be controlled by the concentration ratio of precursor Cu-In alloys. Single phase CuInSe 2 growth is realisable between 0.7 2 . Samples with high In content exhibited two broad bands with peak positions at 0.86 and 0.93 eV.


1 1. INTRODUCTION 3 2. METHOD 4 2.1 AQUIFER LITHOLOGIC MODEL 6 2.2 LINKING LEAKAGE UNCERTAINTY TO THE STORAGE RESERVOIR AND WELLBORE LEAKAGE MODELS 6 2.3 REACTIVE TRANSPORT MODEL 8 2.4 GEOCHEMICAL REACTIONS 9 2.5 UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION 10 2.6 IMPACT THRESHOLDS 12 3. RESULTS 14 3.1 IMPACT OF CO2 LEAKAGE ON GROUNDWATER PH 14 3.2 IMPACT OF BRINE LEAKAGE ON GROUNDWATER TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS 16 3.3 IMPACT OF BRINE LEAKAGE ON GROUNDWATER ARSENIC, CADMIUM, CHROMIUM, IRON, LEAD, AND MANGANESE CONCENTRATIONS 18 3.4 FLUX OF CO2 TO ATMOSPHERE 22 4. DISCUSSION 23 5. CONCLUSIONS 26 6. REFERENCES 29 Second-Generation Reduced-Order Model for Calculation of Groundwater Impacts as a Function of pH, Total Dissolved Solids, and Trace Metal Concentration


3001. Batten, D. J. STRATIGRAPHIC, PALAEOGEOGRAPHIC AND EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCE OF LATE CRETACEOUS AND EARLY TERTIARY NORMAPOLLES POLLEN. Review of Palaeobotany & Palynology. 1981,35:125-137. Pollen grains referable to the Normapolles group first appeared during the Cenomanian. They diversified rapidly through the remainder of the Cretaceous and during the early Palaeogene, but by the end of the Eocene they were virtually extinct. They were most numerous in a province which extended from what is now West Siberia across Europe to eastern North America. The Western Interior of North America and West Siberia are considered to delimit the longitudinal boundaries of this province. These areas were submerged during the Late Cretaceous and formed physical barriers to wider dispersal of many Normapolles-producing plants. Palynological analyses of core and cuttings samples from the U.K. continental shelf have helped to refine the northern limit to some extent. The transition between the flora of the boreal region and the European part of the Normapolles Province, which is known to extend as far north as southern Sweden, would thus appear to lie approximately on the latitude of the central North Sea.


By creating nodules from artificial seeds, the damage behaviors of engineered nodules were systematically studied from experimental approaches. The seed diameters, seed absorption and film absorption were varied independently to uncover a single factor's influence on the damage behavior of nodules. First, non-absorbing monodisperse SiO2 microspheres with five different sizes were used to create engineered nodules in 1.053 μm HfO2/SiO2 high reflectors that were prepared by EB process. Laser damage test results showed that the ejection fluences of nodules monotonically decreased with the increase of silica microsphere diameters. And to our surprise, nodules initiating from 0.3 and 0.6 μm silica seeds survived the maximum fluence of 170 J/cm2 (10 ns). Film absorption also has big influence on the damage behaviors of nodules. Compared to the nodules in low absorbing reflectors that were prepared by EB process, the nodules in high absorbing reflectors that were prepared by IAD process exhibited a much lower ejection fluences, although the seed diameters for the comprising nodules were same. Moreover, aluminum seeds were also used to create engineered nodules. Laser damage test results showed that the ejection fluences of nodules initiating from aluminum seeds were around 2 J/cm2 (10 ns), which is more than an order of magnitude less than the ejection fluences of nodules created from nonabsorbing silica seeds. This result revealed that the seed absorption played a very important role in the laser damage of nodules.


The invention discloses a character inputting method. The method comprises the following steps that: a set top box establishes communication connection with a mobile terminal; the set top box receives a character string code which is transmitted by the mobile terminal; the set top box converts the character string code into corresponding characters, and places the characters in a textbox in which a cursor is positioned currently to form an output displaying interface; and the set top box outputs the output displaying interface to a digital television for displaying the output displaying interface through the digital television. By the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, character input efficiency in the digital television can be improved, and user experiences are improved.


Excess partial molar enthalpies of 1-propanol, H1PE, in 1-propanol−NaCl−H2O were measured directly, accurately, and in small increments in mole fraction of 1-propanol, x1P, at 25 °C in the range xNaCl < 0.04. xNaCl is the mole fraction of NaCl. The enthalpic interaction function, H1P-1PE, between 1-propanol molecules was then evaluated. H1P-1PE is a convenient, model-free measure for the intermolecular interaction in terms of enthalpy. The behavior of these thermodynamic quantities was compared with that of the binary 1-propanol−H2O. Based on the knowledge accumulated in our laboratory on the binary aqueous 1-propanol, the effect of NaCl on H2O became apparent. Our tentative conclusions are that (1) a NaCl molecule "binds" to seven or eight molecules of H2O on dissolving into H2O, and (2) the reminder of bulk H2O away from solute NaCl is not affected and stays almost the same as pure H2O.


In this paper I consider the socio-economic consequences of early child bearing (ECB). Using twins data I attempt to control for unobserved heterogeneity of family background using a within pair estimate. The results suggest that the socio-economic consequences on the mother of ECB are substantially reduced when family background is controlled for. In addition results using a statistical method applied in behavioural genetics confirms the strong family background effects found. The effect of ECB on the socio-economic circumstances of the mother is found to be non-linear. Finally I question the use of the age at first period as a possible instrumental variable for ECB. This suggests that the early life experience leading to the early childbirth rather than the incidence of ECB should be the focus of government policy. * email@example.com. I would like to thank Jonathan Haskel, Heather Joshi, Steve Machin, Ian Walker and the participants of the Bedford Group workshop for their comments. All remaining errors are mine.


Purpose: To develop and validate the short form of the Korean adaptation of the Cultural Competence Scale for Nurses. Methods: To shorten the 33-item CCSN, an expert panel (N 1⁄4 6) evaluated its content validity. The revised items were pilot tested using a sample of nine nurses, and clarity was assessed through cognitive interviews with respondents. The original instrument was shortened and validated through item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, convergent validity, and reliability using data from 277 hospital nurses. The 14-item final version was cross-validated through confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, discriminant validity, known-group comparisons, and reliability using data from 365 nurses belonging to


Background: Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori ) is the key pathogen for gastroduodenal diseases. The clinical outcome of H.pylori infection is influenced by the presence of strain-specific virulence factors that are usually detected by the presence of specific anti-H.pylori antibodies in serum. Apart from the detection of these antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), it is desirable to obtain additional information concerning the presence of certain virulence factors of H.pylori that could be detected by immunoblot analysis. Objective: the aim of this work was to evaluate if blotting can replace the need for invasive endoscopy for diagnosis of virulent H.pylori infection , compare between it and ELISA as serodiagnostic test, and to focus on identifying factors and markers that define high-risk patients in whom H.pylori infection needs to be eradicated. Subjects and Methods: 19 dyspeptic patients were subjected to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to obtain antral biopsy, direct urease test and culture of biopsy on specific media . Sera were obtained from the patients for IgG examination by ELISA and western blotting. Results: Western blotting was more sensitive(100%) than ELISA (sensitivity 81.8%),but specificity was the same for both (87.5%).Only western blotting was able to detect antibodies to virulence antigens especially cytotoxin associated antigen(CagA) and vacuolating cytotoxin antigen (VacA).Conclusion : Western blotting is a highly sensitive noninvasive test to diagnose toxigenic H.pylori infection. So that unnecessary gastroscopy and treatment can be avoided.


Introduction: A 71 year old asymptomatic woman came for an echocardiogram because of a left bundle branch block. A much dilated coronary sinus (CS) with an entering large vessel was found along with a mild left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) showed a persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC), and an absent right superior vena cava (ARSVC). PLSVC drained into the dilated CS. No other cardiac abnormalities were found. Any late Gadolinium enhancement was also not seen. PLSVC and ARSVC are associated with sinus node and conduction tissue maldevelopment and atrial arrhythmias, and thus clinical follow up is indicated. Conclusion: CMR is a useful addition to echocardiogram to search for further cardiac abnormalities, and outline the anatomy with precision in doubtful cases.


Lithium-ion batteries are the dominating electrochemical energy storage technology for battery electric vehicles. However, additional optimization is needed to meet the requirements of the automotive industry regarding energy density, cost, safety and fast charging performance. In conventional electrode designs there is a trade-off be-tween energy density and rate capability. Recently, 3D structuring techniques, such as laser perforation


this project is about building up a gadget to screen co-ordinate GPRS based webcam and support attendance framework for school understudies. The reason for the venture is to determine the issues looked in security issues of school transportation offices. Wrong anticipation utilizing remote observing is one of the points of the present investigation. There are a few observing frameworks, for example, camera, CCTV and so on. We give the live camera footage to parents just in case needed. We likewise give notice to the parents by giving vehicle location to parents which can keep the student from missing the school vehicle. It additionally gives the live location of the vehicle to the transport department office, along this monitoring the school vehicle and the guaranteeing the security of the kid. Thist tackles issues like unapproved individual lentering into school vehicles and furthermore records the student entering and leaving the vehicle. This framework can likewise be utilized in IT organizations or workplaces to check the employees and furthermore secure unapproved individual entering the premises. Keywords—surveillance embedded IP camera; embedded system; cloud storage; image quality.


Broadcasting receivers with receiving function for digital radio service have been developed recently in the world. Especially in these receivers, DAB is widely deployed as digital radio broadcasting standards in many countries caused by the simplified digital demodulation architecture on receiver equipment. Though in DAB system, DQPSK is specified as modulation scheme, it has a general problem of deteriorating symbol error rate compared to that of synchronous detection. This is caused that demodulation method for DQPSK must be operated by using both noised received signal and noised delayed signal. Therefore, we propose a new noise reduction method using space diversity for decreasing noise effect. This method generates criterion symbol simply by referring some received signals in each antenna element, and also calculate phase difference between received signal and past received signal on another antenna element with depending on the phase shift of criterion symbol. Then DAB diversity receiver can obtain the advantageous effect in BER improvement effect by combining both conventional detected signals and additional generated signals as mentioned above. In this paper, we show that our proposal scheme can achieve the improved effect of required Eb/N0 of 0.2-0.5 dB on BER=10-3, in spite of simple additional receiver equipment.


There is provided a base station apparatus and communication terminal device. The terminal apparatus comprising: a reception unit for receiving the plurality of channel state information reference signals; channel state information generation unit, with reference to the plurality of channel state information measured by the respective reference signal to generate a plurality of channel state information; and a report transmission unit, the each of the plurality of channel state report information to the base station apparatus.


In this paper, we present the method called Word Expanding Method for analyzing and handling the Chinese natural language queries which are derived from the user interface of GIS. The realization of this method will help the nonprofessionals to use the GIS more conveniently and efficiently. Here, we adopt the idea of Maximum Matching Method known as longer word preferred. The process of Word Expanding Method includes two steps: filtrating and matching. The filtrating step filtrates the whole Limited Chinese Words Library by using the first character of the querying sentence, so as to reduce the scope which the matching step should match to. The Word Expanding Method is approved to be a rather efficient method for Chinese word segmentation. And finally, we applied this method in GIS by programming.


Let R be a ring with identity. The unit graph of R, denoted by G(R), is a simple graph with vertex set R, and where two distinct vertices x and y are adjacent if and only if x + y is a unit in R. The genus of a simple graph G is the smallest nonnegative integer g such that G can be embedded into an orientable surface Sg. In this paper, we determine all isomorphism classes of finite commutative rings whose unit graphs have genus at most three.


This diploma thesis aims to explain why we think of the Native Americans the way we do. It is an attempt to summarize centuries of stereotyping, imageries and exploitation of Native Americans, which created the image we can perceive as Native American. To achieve this aim, this thesis is divided into four chapters, each dealing with a specific field and issue. The first chapter discusses the term Indian. It is important to realize, from the very beginning of this thesis that the very term by which Europeans have referred to the Native Americans, the Indian is in itself an encapsulation of the whole stereotype. Created by Columbus in 1492, it was used to refer to the native peoples of Americas with no regard to their individual social and cultural traditions, linguistic varieties and number of religions. The following chapters discuss how this concept of an Indian have survived for centuries and evolved from a erroneous term for the Native peoples into a myth of a Noble Savage and how this myth penetrated into European minds and from them spread throughout the known world. The last chapter discusses the most recent employment of the myth of a Noble Savage as an environmentalist and conservationist. The analysis of the historical materials and various works of fiction clearly show that the Indian/Noble Savage and the Native American are two different terms. While the Native American is the Indigenous person of Americas and a historically evolving human being, the Indian/Noble Savage is a stereotype describing the pre-contact Indian, which bears little or no resemblance to the real Native American.


Fatigue properties for three heats of normalized and tempered 2.25Cr-1Mo steel were investigated under axial strain-controlled test conditions. Comparing with reference data of annealed 2.25Cr-1 Mo steels, and under diametral strain controlled test conditions, the influence of heats, heat-treatments and testing conditions were cleared.


In the mode of action of Cry1A toxins, it has been suggested that alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aminopeptidase-N (APN) could have redundant roles in Cry1A toxicity. Flores-Escobar et al. (p. 4543– 4550), using Manduca sexta silenced larvae, examined the role of APN and ALP proteins in Cry1A toxicity. Their results suggest that the two GPI-anchored proteins have different roles in Cry1A toxicity. To exert its insecticidal effect, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki produces three different Cry1A toxins that, in conjunction, target diverse midgut proteins.


I am grateful to Ursula Hughes (letters April 4) for pointing out the errors in my review of Your Life in Your Hands (perspectives March 14). I had misconstrued that part of Professor Plant's book, but there are many other good arguments in it, and the figures I quoted were certainly from studies in the US.


PURPOSE: A ray tracing core and a ray tracing chip having thereof are provided to efficiently process a ray-box intersection and ray-triangle intersection test. CONSTITUTION: Based on eye ray generation information which includes a screen coordinate value, a ray generating unit(120) creates one or more eye rays. A plurality of traversal & intersection units(130) respectively receives one or more eye rays. The traversal & intersection units have a MIMD(Multiple Instruction stream Multiple Data stream Architecture) structure for checking the existence of a triangle crossed with an inputted eye ray.


We study the Feynman path-integral formalism for the constrained problem of a free particle moving on the half-line. It is shown that the effect of the boundary condition at the origin can be incorporated into the path integral by a simple modification of the action. The small-time behavior of the Green's function can be obtained from the stationary-phase evaluation of our expression for the path integral, which in this case includes contributions from both the direct and reflected classical paths.


The present invention is applicable to the field of medical equipment, there is provided an apparatus medicine. The medicine means comprises a first cover unit, the cover unit and a plurality of second key assembly, the magazine having a plurality of medicine accommodating portions for accommodating the corresponding drug ingot, and a covering member disposed in the and a side receiving portion for defining a plurality of drug ingot; a first cover unit having a receiving space for receiving the medicine cartridge; second cover unit and having a plurality of holes corresponding to the accommodating portion, and a hole a plurality of units disposed around the break and the cover unit toward the first projection direction; assemblies each having a plurality of keys is pressed against a portion of the first cover unit, and penetrating the first cover unit and abuts against the accommodating portion the abutting portion, and the abutting portion is pressed with the drive unit is moved; drive the pressing section, compression section abutting portion accommodating unit moved direction break, the break unit breakdown cover member, the relative strike wrap at the drug through the ingot disengaged from the stopper member covering the drug cartridge.


This article describes the remedial and preventive mental health care available in Singapore, with special emphasis on how world-views and other social-cultural factors influence the diagnosis and psychosocial treatment of the mentally ill. Certain behavioural concepts typical of the local population and significant in help-seeking therapy, especially in the area of family counselling and support, are included in the discussion on in-patient and community care. Effective delivery and usage of services are shown to be dependent on the ability to blend professional knowledge with the world-views and cultural expectations of the service-user.


Wool fibers contract in hot solutions of acids or alkalies, the initial rate of contraction increasing with increasing concentration of the acid or alkali. At the higher concentra tions contraction is followed by elongation of the fibers to lengths which may exceed the original length. The maximum contraction obtained decreases with increasing con centration of acid or alkali used. Comparison of the rates of contraction of wool fibers in solutions of different salts in 1 or 4 N HCl shows that cations and anions fall in the fol lowing order of decreasing contraction rate: Li+ > Na+ > K+ and I- > Br - > Cl-. Kinetic curves for the contraction of wool fibers in 1 N HCl containing salts show well- defined two-stage contraction. With 4 M LiBr or NaI this appears as a shelf in the curve at 25-30% contraction, and with many fibers the final level of contraction exceeds 70%. With 5 or 6 M LiI or 6 M NaI the fibers contract by about 25%, elongate to a length which may approach the original, and then again contract; in such solutions a con siderable proportion of the wool protein is dissolved, leaving a sulfur-rich residue. Two-stage contraction kinetics have been observed only when using solutions with pH values in the lower range. As the pH is increased the rate of contraction also increases, particularly at pH values greater than about 8. The two-stage contraction kinetics have been interpreted in terms of the contraction at different rates of two structures in the wool fiber.


Introduction: As India has become diabetic hub of the world, we made an attempt to know the prevalence of GDM at Akash Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre (AIMS & RC), Devanahalli, which is a tertiary care center in rural setup. Materials and methods: 500 antenatal women were included in the study. 75gms OGTT was performed during 24- 28 weeks of pregnancy and results were interpreted according to ADA criteria. Socio demographic features and metabolic characteristics, family h/o DM, GDM hypertension was noted and statistically analyzed. Results: The prevalence of GDM in our study was 8.5%. GDM was statistically significant in high income group, with high BMI and with presence of acanthosis nigricans . Conclusion: Universal screening of all antenatal women is mandatory as prevalence of GDM is increasing in India. Awareness regarding diet like intake of millets, vegetables, fruits high protein diet and physical activity, yoga, exercise needs to be popularized among people through media, NGOs, educational institutions.


This document defines a new event membership package that allows to
track changes in membership in groups. Groups can represent entities
contained within a physical space, such as a room or vehicle, or a
logical group of entities, such as a call center team. Each member of
a group can support a different set of event packages.


This chapter considers depth in knowledge, focusing on rules-based protections for knowledge-based authority in the executive branch. Rules provide firmer footing for depth than norms do, but even rules strain under presidents bent on political control. With the so-called war on science ramping up again in the Trump administration, questions about whether and to what extent rules protect government research and expertise from the unitary executive have been pushed front and center. Here we consider four cases in which knowledge-based authority was besieged, focusing on the National Weather Service, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Agriculture, and the executive branch's response to the coronavirus pandemic.


Objectives Sarcopenia, a novel concept reflecting the degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass, is an objective indicator of cancer cachexia. We investigated its role as a prognostic biomarker in advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) patients. Methods This retrospective study consisted of 88 UC patients with cT4 and/or metastases to lymph nodes/distant organs. Skeletal muscle index (SMI), an indicator of whole-body muscle mass, was measured from computed tomography (CT) images at the diagnosis. Sarcopenia was defined as SMIs of <43 cm2/m2 for males with body mass index (BMI) <25 cm2/m2, <53 cm2/m2 for males with BMI ≥25 cm2/m2, and <41 cm2/m2 for females. Predictors of overall survival (OS) were examined using Cox proportional hazard models. Results Sixty-seven patients (76%) died during the median follow-up of 13 months. The median OS rate was 13 months. Multivariate analysis revealed that SMI was a significant and independent predictor of shorter OS (hazard ratio (HR) 0.90, P <0.001). In the present cohort, 53 (60%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia. The median OS rates were 11 and 31 months for sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic patients, respectively (P <0.001). On multivariate analysis, sarcopenia was a significant and independent predictor of shorter OS (HR 3.36, P <0.001), along with higher C-reactive protein (CRP) (P = 0.001), upper urinary tract cancer (P = 0.007), higher lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (P = 0.047), and higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (P = 0.048). Conclusion Sarcopenia, which is readily evaluated on routine CT scans, is a useful prognostic biomarker of advanced UC. Non-sarcopenic patients can expect long-term survival. Evaluating sarcopenia can be helpful for decision-making processes in the management of advanced UC patients.


An experimental study on the motion of a scale model of SPAR-type floating offshore platform is presented in this paper. A Froude scaled model at 100:1 scale for 5MW wind turbine system is tested in a wave tank. A Measurement system including infrared vision system and MEMS inertial sensors is applied to the measurement of three dimensional linear and angular motions and mooring line tensions. The effect of test conditions such as center of mass and mooring system's stiffness and fairlead location on the model's motion in response to regular waves is investigated.


This article presents the development of an experimental system to introduce faults in Trivium stream ciphers implemented on FPGA. The developed system has made possible to analyze the vulnerability of these implementations against fault attacks. The developed system consists of a mechanism that injects small pulses in the clock signal, and elements that analyze if a fault has been introduced, the number of faults introduced and its position in the inner state. The results obtained demonstrate the vulnerability of these implementations against fault attacks. As far as we know, this is the first time that experimental results of fault attack over Trivium are presented.


This report outlines the findings of a research project that was co-funded by the Government Centre for Dispute Resolution as part of Victoria University of Wellington's 2020/2021 Summer Scholarship Programme. It forms part of the New Zealand Commercial Mediation Study. This report aims to provide insight into the practice of commercial mediation in New Zealand and its relationship to the judiciary. It builds on the four previous reports within this study: the first and fourth which examined the nature of private commercial mediation in New Zealand by surveying mediators; the second which examined the perspectives of commercial lawyers (the 'gatekeepers'); and the third which examined the 'users' of commercial mediation, more specifically the insurance sector. Investigation into the private mediation market is necessary for the growth and development of mediation as a form of alternative dispute resolution.


In this paper the responsive graphical user interface (ReGUI) approach to creating applications is introduced, and the requirements to the ReGUI applications are defined. Implementation of the ReGUI approach is outlined and illustrated on a sample application developed in MATLAB for supporting teaching of extrema of the functions of two variables. The same general technique can be used in other programming languages. The code and the demonstration video are available through the MATLAB Central File Exchange.


Training Needs Assessment is the method of determining if a training need exists and, if it does, what training is required to fill the gap. Training need assessment is considered to be the integral part of well designed training programme. Training needs are closely linked to learning: the target population is looked at more closely to determine the actual content, context and delivery method of performance intervention (Ahmed, et al., 2019). A systemically arranged training programme aids in production of desirable changes in the behavior of the trainnes. The right age to train trainees is when they are young. Training needs and effectiveness of the trainings for extension personnel can be defined in terms of gap between job requirement and job performance (Mishra, 1990). The training needs of agricultural school masters can be worked out with the help of Training Need Quotient developed by Sidhu (1973). The training needs of extension personnel also changes from time to time due to rapid changes in technology and information delivery systems. Thus, this call for training needs assessment of extension personnel International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 8 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


The aim of the study is molecular features extraction from bulky scientific data. Pattern recognition is used in many scientific areas. It can be viewed as a kind of "learning" from sample patterns. In chemistry, graphical images based on specific descriptions of molecules are a kind of patterns, and these images were used for the activity of compounds prediction through the use of different techniques for image processing


Objective:To analyze the abnormal electrocardiogram of primary hypertension patients,in order to provide reference for the electrocardiographic diagnosis of primary hypertension patients.Methods:The electrocardiographic data of 450 primary hypertension patients were retrospectively analyzed and those data was classified statistic according to age and gender.Results:The detection rate of abnormal electrocardiogram in male and female primary hypertension patients were 44.0%,43.0%,and the difference was no significant(P0.05).There were no significant differences about the occurrence rate of arrhythmia between different ages.The occurrence rate of LVH in≥age 50 was significant higher than that inage 50(P0.05). The occurrence rate of ST-T change and detection rate of abnormal electrocardiogram in≥age 60 was significant higher than that in age 60( P 0.05).Conclusion:Primary hypertension patients should carry out electrocardiographic detection termly and it has important significance for the early prevention,found,diagnosis of cardiac damage deduced by hypertension.


We consider a stoichiometric population model of two producers and one consumer. It is a generalization of the Rosenzweig-MacArthur population growth model, which is a one-producer, one-consumer population model without stoichiometry. The generalization involves two independent steps: 1) introducing stoichiometry into the system by considering food quality (nutrient) in addition to food quantity (carbon), and 2) adding a second producer which competes with the first. The model is open for carbon but closed for nutrient. Both generalization steps introduce additional equilibria and bifurcations to those of the RosenzweigMacArthur model. The focus of this paper is on the bifurcations which are the result of enrichment. The primary parameters we vary are the growth rates of both producers. Secondary variable parameters are the total nutrient in the system, and the producer nutrient uptake rates. The possible equilibria are: no-life, one-producer, coexistence of both producers, the consumer coexisting with either producer, and the consumer coexisting with both producers. We observe limit cycles in the latter three coexistence combinations. Bifurcation diagrams along with corresponding representative time series summarize the behaviors observed for this model.


From 1990 there was a proliferation of Preferential Trade Agreements notified to the World Trade Organization and this study aims to identify whether this new regionalism led to trade creation or trade diversion to their participants, using a gravity model based on panel data over the period 1990-2009. The results suggest the existence of trade creation and export diversion due to the formation of Mercosur. With regards to NAFTA, besides being the only bloc that showed an anticipatory effect on their trade flows within the region, there are signs that the growth of trade occurred due to trade creation. Nevertheless, there are indications that the Asean and PAFTA caused trade diversion. Finally, the way that trade flows evolved within each bloc (ex ante and ex post) was quite different, not only in terms of trade volume but also on how quickly they responded to their formation, with its effects arising immediately in some cases and in others taking a few years.


The aim of this article is to analyze the profile of the journal Revista da Abordagem Gestáltica - Phenomenological Studies, based on articles published between 2007 and 2017, available online. Initially a historical resumption of the journal's appearance is made, passing through its essential changes to its current state, which was one of the first Brazilian journals focusing on phenomenology. In order to carry out the analysis, the method of the Systematic Review of Literature was chosen, aiming to understand the expressiveness of the journal in the scientific environment in which it is inserted, using, for that, the abstracts and keywords of the articles. The analysis pointed out a greater number of publications of Theoretical or Historical Essays, with inversion in recent years for a greater focus on Research Reports. Most articles are from public educational institutions. Despite the proximity of values, articles with single authorship are more numerous. Finally, using the keywords, a cloud of words was constructed that demonstrated that the most used word was Phenomenology, confirming the focus of the magazine.


Design discussion is a very important course in architecture education. In this paper, we developed a VR based architecture design discussion system that allows members to visualize and discuss the architectural models and to modify the models during discussion. Since the system is designed to work on top of Rhinoceros and Grasshopper, the object database is updated right after the object modification. Members communicate via voice, object manipulations, and mid-air sketching as well as on-surface sketching in the virtual environment. Several tools have been designed to enhance the sense of presence and to make the discussion more effective. We also developed a rollback mechanism to help users intuitively and quickly revert to a previous state of discussion to make some changes or to start a new direction of discussion. To evaluate the system, we conducted an initial user study with 14 participants to assess the user experience, user impression and effectiveness of the system. The feedback from participants were positive and suggested that the system could be effective and useful for supporting architecture design discussion.


The low level of students' science learning competencies at grade VII in Junior High School 16 Padang is caused by several factors, one of them is the learning process still used teacher-centered, so the students tend to inactive in the learning process. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct an innovative learning process in order to improve students' competencies, knowledge, attitudes and skill. One of the method that can be used by the teacher is by implementing the Discovery Learning Model preceded by making concept map homework. Making concept map homework is expected can improve students' learning activities in science. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of the Discovery Learning model  preceded by making concept map homework through students' learning competencies in science (knowledge, attitudes and skill) at grade VII in Junior High School 16 Padang.  Based on the hypothesis, it is known that the knowledge competency tcount  >  ttable (5,96 > 1,67), the attitude competency tcount > ttable (6,36 > 1,67) and the skill competency tcount  >  ttable (1,69 > 1,67). The result of the study show that the hypothesis is accepted. Thus it can be concluded that the implementation of the Discovery Learning model preceded by the making concept maps homework can improve students' science learning competences (knowledge, attitudes and skill) at grade VII in Junior High School 16 Padang.


Amorphous solids yield in strain-controlled protocols at a critical value of the strain. For larger strains the stress and energy display a generic complex serrated signal with elastic segments punctuated by sharp energy and stress plastic drops having a wide range of magnitudes. Here we provide a theory of the scaling properties of such serrated signals taking into account the system-size dependence. We show that the statistics are not homogeneous - they separate sharply to a regime of `small' and `large' drops, each endowed with its own scaling properties. A scaling theory is first derived solely by data analysis, showing a somewhat complex picture. But after considering the physical interpretation one discovers that the scaling behavior and the scaling exponents are in fact very simple and universal.


This article explores female middle managers in organizations from the perspective of constructionism. Our research revealed different perspectives for understanding an old concept: the "glass ceiling" phenomenon in organizations. In our study, we considered the glass ceiling being built and reproduced as a discourse about discrimination against women that is reinforce by women themselves —a discourse that restricts their aspirations to middle management positions and that reveals how gender relations are still based in a dominance model of men over women. In addition to that, we can also look at the glass ceiling as a self-imposed limit to women´s career rather than a barrier imposed by organizations; in the one hand, this also shows how gender relations set differences between men and women; on the other hand, it might reflect a genuine choice that women make with regard to their professional and personal lives.


In this study, we compared quantities of gas flared by the Joint Venture Companies in Nigeria. The ultimate objectives of the study were to ascertain the patterns in quantities of gas flared by the individual companies, to determine if there was a reduction in gas flaring in Nigeria and to verify whether the reduction, if any, is uniform among the Joint Venture Companies. Data on quantities of gas flared and quantities of oil produced in cubic meters (m3) by the Joint Venture Companies were collected from 2015 Annual Statistical Bulletin of Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) through the website:www.nnpcgroup.com. The time plot of the data showed a general reduction in the quantities of gas flared by the companies over the period under review. However, the reduction was found not to be uniform across the Joint Venture Companies. This disparity in the patterns of quantities of gas flared was confirmed by virtue of Analysis of Covariate Residual (ANCOVRES


Two field experiments were conducted in the successive winter seasons 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 at the Agricultural Experiment and Research Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University to study the effect of irrigation regime (I1: full irrigation 5 irrigation, I2: skipping 2 nd irrigation, I3: skipping 3 rd irrigation, I4: skipping 4 th irrigation and I5: skipping 5 th irrigation) on yield and quality of five wheat cultivars (Sids 12, Gemmeiza 9, Sakha 93, Misr 1 and Misr 3). A spilt-plot in a randomized complete block arrangement design with three replications was used. Results showed that skipping irrigation at various growth stages had significant effect on days to heading, days to maturity and days from heading to maturity. Skipping the second or the third irrigation led to early heading and early maturity. Also, results showed that skipping irrigation at various growth stages significantly decreased plant height, number of tillers m, number of spikes m, spike length, 1000-kernel weight, grain, straw and biological yields and harvest index in both seasons. However, protein content was decreased by skipping irrigation at various growth stages compared with normal irrigation in two seasons. Among wheat cultivars, Sids 12 cultivar ranked 1 in all yield traits and protein content in both season. It concluded that Sids 12 cultivar was more tolerant for drought stress compared with other wheat cultivars in both seasons


In this research, CuGaO2 thin films were prepared on quartz substrates by a radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique at 400℃ followed by subsequent annealing in N2 ambience. The effects of annealing temperature on structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of CuGaO2 thin films is reported. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the presence of single phase CuGaO2 in the film annealed at 900℃. Near stoichiometric composition ratio of Cu:Ga (1:1.08) was identified in the film annealed at 900℃. Field emission scanning electron microscopy showed an increase in the grain size with increase in annealing temperature. A UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to perform optical studies in the 200-800nm wavelength region on all films. The optical bandgap was calculated from the transmission studies and was found to be in the range of 2.77 to 3.43 eV. The films annealed at temperatures 800℃ and above were found to be p-type. The lowest resistivity value of 230 Ω-cm was achieved for the film annealed at 900℃.


Nominally H2O-free minerals (NAMs) like olivine and pyroxenes are considered to be significant reservoirs for H2O in the upper mantle (e.g., Bai and Kohlstedt), which would drastically influence a number of physical properties of the mantle and processes related to these. The presence of H in small amounts may dominate the point defect chemistry of these minerals. Thus, depending on the exact incorporation mechanism and structural environment, physical properties like electrical conductivity and strain rates change compared to the completely dry mineral. The coordination of H in NAMs has been inferred so far either indirectly from the measurement of transport properties (e.g., Kohlstedt and Mackwell, 1998) or by interpretation of IR spectra. Here we present H-solid state NMR spectroscopy as an alternative way to study the structural arrangement of H in nominally anhydrous minerals. A number of gem quality single crystals of NAMs like diopside and olivine as well as hydrous minerals like hydrogrossular and analcime were selected and prepared for both IR and H-NMR spectroscopy. The NMR spectra of hydrous minerals, where the coordination of H is well known, are used as a reference for comparison with the NAMs (Yesinowski et al. 1988). The pure H NMR signals in NAMs were derived by suppressing the probehead proton and background signal with a special DEPTH pulse sequence (Corey and Ritchie 1988). It was possible to identify clear H-signals using this technique, despite the significant Fe-content and the small amounts of H (< 1000 ppm) of the samples. Preliminary results show that protons in diopsides are located in the structure as isolated (no neighboring H present) hydroxyl groups of a single coordination type. The chemical shift of the very narrow single H-signal is at approximately 1.8 ppm, which excludes the formation of silanol groups, but implies an association with Al on a Si site, as was suggested by e.g., Stalder (2004).


A necessary and sufficient condition for both a semigroup S to be a quasi-inflation of a left group and a left zero band is gived. The inflation of a left zero band and a left group are investigated.


The article provides an assessment of the value of an enterprise in the context of an increase in the capitalization of the country's economy as the most important factor in strengthening competitive advantages on the example of the market of steel and iron casting for car building. It has been substantiated that the valuation of the enterprise is limited by the poor development of the domestic securities market, since the growth potential of the current value of shares is not taken into account, depending on the perception of the value of the brand and related intangible assets. It is generalized that the existing directions of effective assessment of the cost of the production potential of an enterprise when organizing the release of new products, subject to investment in modern technologies and technological solutions, are not able to provide a significant inflow of investments in the required volume, especially in intangible assets. The analysis of the factors of formation of the potential for growth and the current value of the enterprise for shareholders is carried out according to two main elements: the present value of future cash flows in a specific forecasting period; long-term value of shares depending on the perception of the value of brands and related intangible assets, that is, research and development work, concluded contracts, brand name, new technologies and technological solutions, and the like. The main factors of the strategic prospects for building up intellectual capital in conjunction with an increase in product sales, it is advisable to include the growth of market capitalization. The key factors in the growth of market capitalization are technologies and technological solutions of innovative types of products: steel ingots, which are used to produce pipe billets used in power units and nuclear power plants; rear axle housing of KrAZ heavy-duty vehicles; automatic couplings designed for the transmission of shock and traction forces devices for placing the mechanism, together with which the coupling and uncoupling of the cars is carried out; steel castings for pipeline fittings; draft gears are designed to mitigate longitudinal forces transmitted through the automatic coupler to the frame and other parts of the car.


Diabetic retinopathy is the term used to describe the damage to the blood vessels in the retina of the human eye. The symptoms of diabetic retinopathy are blurriness, difficulty in vision and even blindness can occur. The blood vessels in the retina of the human eye have been damaged over time, which has an impact on the person's ability to see. It is a cumulative problem in the modern world. Diabetic retinopathy has four stages, including mild, moderate, and severe non proliferative and proliferative. To reduce the effects of diabetic retinopathy are early diagnosis is necessary. Thus, by using artificial intelligence and image processing, the early stage of diabetic retinopathy can be detected. This leads to faster and easier screening of disorder for both the patients and ophthalmologists.


Abstract Current Monte Carlo pricing engines may face a computational challenge for the Greeks, not only because of their time consumption but also their poor convergence when using a finite difference estimate with a brute force perturbation. The same story may apply to conditional expectation. In this short paper, following Fournié et al (Fournié E, Lasry J M, Lebuchoux J, Lions P L and Touzi N 1999 Finance Stochastics 3 391-412), we explain how to tackle this issue using Malliavin calculus to smoothen the payoff to estimate. We discuss the relationship with the likelihood ratio method of Broadie and Glasserman (Broadie M and Glasserman P 1996 Manag. Sci. 42 269-85). We show by numerical results the efficiency of this method and discuss when it is appropriate or not to use it. We see how to apply this method to the Heston model. 1The views herein are the authors' own and do not necessarily reflect those of Goldman Sachs.


Abstract Abstract Abstract This paper explores three themes central to the Coalition Government's agenda for a 'Big Society'': power and empowerment; participation and involvement; and civil society. The paper draws on national datasets to explore the variation in these themes across the local authority districts of Yorkshire and the Humber, and as such presents a baseline assessment against which to measure change as policies underpinning the Big Society are rolled out. Unsurprisingly, the paper highlights significant variation across Yorkshire and the Humber, and in particular the lower levels of civic involvement in poorer districts. Two central points shape the conclusion: firstly that public expenditure cuts will lead to a loss of civic society organisations, to job losses in the sector and a withdrawal of services and with this the possibility for opportunities to participate; and that current policy design places too much emphasis on the contribution civil society can make to improving policy outcomes.


We explore the integration of firm real-time processing— where processing completed after its deadline has no value but some jobs may be terminated or skipped—into an integrated real-time system managing hard, soft, and non-realtime processes. We show that it is feasible to add firm realtime processing to an integrated environment and that concurrently executing soft real-time processes can benefit from the slack made available from dropped firm real-time jobs. We examine how dropping jobs of firm real-time tasks using different static and dynamic drop patterns reduces deadline misses of soft real-time tasks. Our results show that even a simple static drop pattern results in noticeable performance gain for other soft real-time processes and we argue that our dynamic approach, once implemented, will produce even better results.


A magnetic phase diagram of amorphous Fe 100- X Lu X was determined from AC susceptibility and remanent magnetization measurements. The alloys with 30≤ X ≤40 exhibit a spin glass behavior. The alloys with 10.5≤ X ≤25 are ferromagnetic, but show a reentrant spin glass behavior at low temperatures. The reentrant spin glass phase is divided into two phases with weak and strong irreversibility. The ferromagnetic state becomes unstable as X approaches to 8. For X =8, the ferromagnetic state disappears and a direct transition from the paramagnetic to spin glass state is observed. The high field magnetization measurements imply that the instability of ferromagnetism and the appearance of the spin glass state are caused by the development of antiferromagnetic interactions. In the reentrant spin glass state, the freezing of transverse components of spins is confirmed by the analysis of the Mossbauer spectra.


Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC), an innovative control method, has been applied successfully in dealing with internal uncertainties and external disturbances. However, ADRC for time-delay plants is still a challenge due to the restriction on the bandwidth of the extended state observer (ESO). When designing the ESO for time-delay plants, both full-order and reduced-order extended state observers can be utilized and the selection of the proper order and the bandwidth of the ESO is necessary. Therefore we seek to compare the two kinds of observers in terms of the time-delay tolerance of the closed-loop stability and find an appropriate bandwidth to ensure the robustness to the time-delay uncertainty. First, the quantitative bandwidth relationship between the two kinds of observers is established with the equivalent effective bandwidth, and then the time-delay tolerance of the closed-loop stability are calculated for the first- and second-order plants to conduct the comparison, whilst the effects of the bandwidth and other parameters on the time-delay tolerance is analyzed. Furthermore, simulation results for a second-order plant are provided to verify the meaning of this investigation.


PROPORTIONAL ideal device for the "perfection of democracy." Its proponents believe in the representation of minorities, but they are apt to forget that in a democracy there is the equally important task of representing the majority. Admittedly, without a majority a democracy cannot act, and it may fall into a state of near anarchy from which some "Duce" or "Fuehrer" will then be happy to "save" it in the name of "order." It should be obvious that if we want a majority we had better use a system of voting which invites the people to give us one. As its name indicates, the majority system is calculated to do just that. P. R. does the opposite. By its very nature it asks for minorities, and ultimately it may produce so many minorities that no majority is left. The majority system provides for majorities by making it impossible to succeed without them. In this country, for example, no candidate for elective office is certain of success unless he


Summary The relationship between superoxide anion production and the activities of sperm specific NADH‐diaphorase and isozyme LDH‐C4 has been investigated in 25 normozoospermic and 17 oligozoospermic semen samples. The samples were separated into high and low density sperm populations on discontinuous, two step (40%:80%) Percoll gradients prior to analysis. Superoxide anion generation was significantly higher (P<0.001) and diaphorase activity significantly increased (P<0.01) in both low and high density sperm fractions from oligozoospermic patients compared to the values found in normozoospermic men. A significant positive correlation (P<0.01) between diaphorase activity and superoxide anion production was established in the oligozoospermic samples of low density sperm fraction. A tendency of statistically insignificant increase in LDH‐C4 isozyme activity was observed in the oligozoospermic samples. The activity of this isozyme appears to have no association with superoxide anion generation or diaphorase activity. These findings seem to suggest that excessive superoxide anion production along with increased diaphorase activity point to biochemical abnormalities which may affect the functional status of sperms. Hence, determination of these parameters may provide useful data in male infertility of unknown etiology.


GOBBI, L.T.B.; MENUCHI, M.R.T.P.; UEHARA, E. T.; SILVA, J. J. Influence of expropriocept ive information in children locomotor task with high equilibrium demand. R. bras. Ci. e Mov. 2003; 11(04): 79-86. In order to observe if changes occur in spatial parameters of children walking pattern under different environment and exproprioceptive information (EI) constraints, two experiments were conducted. In experiment 1, 24 children from 6 to 10 years of age walked on four different height surfaces (ground, beam=5cm, bench=39cm, balance beam=100cm) and with EI constraint in half of trials. The mean step length (MSL) was affected by surface and EI constraint. The combination of participant intrinsic and extrinsic factors can predict the MSL on different surfaces. In experiment 2, head motion kinematics of 8 children from 5 to 8 years of age was evaluated during walking on the balance beam with and without EI constraints. Gender and age effects were observed in both head flexion and extension. Gender, age and EI constraint affected head motion amplitude. These results indicate that children alter their walking spatial parameters as well as need EI to successfully navigate on high equilibrium demand tasks.


Many cloud providers, including Amazon, Google, Microsoft, and Alibaba Cloud, offer support for blockchain cloud services that rely on a runtime environment, such as the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), to execute smart contracts and ensure consistency between participants. However, existing runtime systems suffer from two main limitations. Firstly, traditional runtime systems like EVM cannot guarantee privacy protection as all the data uploaded to the blockchain is visible to all participants. This restricts the use of blockchain in limited scenarios. Secondly, each computation on the runtime system must be synchronized to all nodes in the network, resulting in a significant increase in computational overhead, which can be challenging to implement for more complex applications. One approach to address these limitations is to utilize Trusted Execution Environments (TEE) for blockchain runtime, which can provide privacy protection and mitigate redundant synchronization operations. However, using TEE for blockchain may significantly increase cloud costs. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes PL-EVM, a new runtime environment for smart contracts that utilizes jointcloud. PL-EVM achieves high-security guarantees by using TEE to protect privacy-sensitive data and incorporates dynamic migration and splitting mechanisms to achieve high efficiency and low costs. Our evaluation results show that PL-EVM can improve performance and reduce costs by 4% to 32.22%.


Configuration Management (CM) is an important activity throughout the software development life cycle (SDLC). CM becomes essential if any of the artifacts is to be changed during the life cycle. There are many practices which can be adopted in configuration management to stream line the work and bring the quality to the software development process. For this reason most of the software development companies also adopt configuration management practices with larger teams to implement these practices. The problem appears with the freelance software developers, where the numbers of people working in teams are a few. This is an investigative study which is carried out to find if the freelance software developers adopt the configuration management practices. Moreover, the purpose of this study is to find out the configuration management practices freelance software developers suggest are important and should be done by the freelance software developers. The study was done by distributing an open ended questionnaire to the freelance software developers working in a team of 5-30. The results show that although the freelance software developers do not implement all the configuration management practices, but they do suggest a few practices which they feel are important for them to carry out their work efficiently.


We consider the problem of reconstructing Jacobi matrices and real symmetric arrow matrices from two eigenpairs. Algorithms for solving these inverse problems are presented. We show that there are reasonable conditions under which this reconstruction is always possible. Moreover, it is seen that in certain cases reconstruction can proceed with little or no cancellation. The algorithm is particularly elegant for the tridiagonal matrix associated with a bidiagonal singular value decomposition.


Bloat, and particularly object churn, is a common performance problem in framework-intensive applications. Object churn consists of an excessive use of temporary objects. Identifying and understanding sources of churn is a difficult and labor-intensive task, despite recent advances in automated analysis techniques. We present an interactive visualization approach designed to help developers quickly and intuitively explore the behavior of their application with respect to object churn. We have implemented this technique in Vasco, a new flexible and scalable visualization platform. Vasco is designed to minimize the cognitive effort required for the visualization task. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by applying it to three framework-intensive applications and identifying previously unreported churn in a commercial system.


Roberts takes issue with the still-prevalent though erroneous notion that Schnitzler was an apolitical writer. From 1880 to 1931 Schnitzler examined human conflict from the duel to war, and commented on social and political circumstances. Roberts draws upon previously unpublished documents to support his interpretation of Schnitzler's oeuvre from a socio-political perspective.


Microgrid cluster is a multi-microgrid system containing cluster-level control. Compared to single microgrid, whether microgrid cluster is able to improve the reliability effectively is a crucial problem in the developing process of microgrid technology, which is thoroughly analyzed in this paper. Topology of a typical microgrid cluster is presented first. Because the reliability of microgrid cluster is directly related to the electric power dispatching strategy, a dispatching strategy considering system faults is proposed. Specially, considering the influence of Wear and Tear Faults Period on the component failure rate, a dynamic failure rate model is adopted for all components within mircrogrid cluster. Considering real-time change of failure rate, simulation and evaluation are conducted using a Monte-Carlo hierarchical dynamic reliability model. Simulation results show that microgrid cluster is able to improve the reliability of loads within microgrids.


This article aimed at the rapted failure of pipe bundles of exhaust condenser (HE-302) during opration on oxidation reaction of PTA refinery.It showed the main reasons of causing the pipe bundles failure by SEM and the analysis and calculation of the vibration which induced by the fluid,gived some kinds of measures for them.


Objective
To determine the diagnostic value of quantitative assessment of liver fat content by 3.0 T magnetic resonance IDEAL-IQ sequence.

Methods
The clinical data of 46 patients, who underwent 3.0 T magnetic resonance IDEAL-IQ sequence in the University Hospital of Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between August 2016 and January 2017, were retrospectively analyzed. The liver fat content was determined by quantitative assessment, and classified.

Results
There were 41 cases of fatty liver (89.1%) by MR diagnosis, fatty liver classification: 23 mild (23/41, 56.2%) , 5 mild to moderate (5/41, 12.2%) , 11 moderate (11/41, 26.8%) , 1 moderate to severe (1/41, 2.4%) , and 1 severe (1/41, 2.4%) .

Conclusion
3.0 T magnetic resonance IDEAL-IQ sequence is a noninvasive means for quantitative assessment of liver fat content, providing a powerful means for early diagnosis, disease evaluation and effect evaluation of fatty liver in the clinical settings.

Key words:
Magnetic resonance imaging; Fatty liver; Diagnosis; IDEAL-IQ sequence


The complexity of the situation in the treatment of acute inflammation of the oropharynx lies in the fact that there are still no standards for the treatment of this pathology, which clearly regulate the purpose of a given drug, a particular treatment regimen. Most of the drugs produced for the treatment of acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis refers to over-the-counter medications and are taken by patients without agreement with the doctor, which can lead to disruption of the oropharynx biocenosis and the formation of resistance of pathogenic bacteria. In the presented work, a modern method of diagnosis and treatment of acute inflammation of the oropharynx in children was proposed.


Mechanochemical reactions are becoming increasingly important; yet, quantitative data on mechanoradicals are sparse. A study was undertaken to determine the surface concentration of free radicals which are available for reaction when chemical bonds are broken by mechanically forming fresh polymer surface. Polyethylene and polypropylene were cut under a benzene solution of the free-radical scavenger diphenylpicryl-hydrazyl, using countersinks as the cutting tools. Accurate surface area measurements of the polymer shavings were made. Surface free-radical densities up to 2 × 1013/cm2 for polyethylene and 9 × 1013/cm2 for polypropylene were determined. The physical conditions of the test and of the cutting tool were found to have an effect on the results, but not as profound as that of base polymer.


Power system options were reviewed for their appropriateness to meet mission requirements and guidelines. Contending system technologies include: solar, nuclear, isotopic, electro-chemical and chemical. Mission elements can basically be placed into two categories; in-space transportation systems, both cargo and piloted; and surface systems, both stationary and mobile. All transportation and surface element power system requirements were assessed for application synergies that would suggest common hardware (duplicates of the same or similar design) or multi-use (reuse system in a different application/location), wherever prudent.


We analyzed the data on 182 patients with essential hypertension (64.6 ± 11.3 yo; 48.5% men), who were treated in polyclinic settings of a rural settlement in the Saratov Region of the Russian Federation. Outpatient medical records were used as a source of clinical data. Repeat patients with hypertension diagnosis specified in their medical records, visiting a therapeutist or cardiologist on two randomly selected workdays, were enrolled in our study. The first appointment took place during 1-31 July, 2015 (n = 88), while the second visit occurred on 131 July, 2016 (n = 94). Eleven district therapeutists, two general practitioners and the only cardiologist of the polyclinic participated in the study. Discriminant function analysis was used to identify factors affecting the achievement of the goal blood pressure in the patients. Basic demographic and anamnesis data, risk factors, medical treatment type and lifestyle modification measures, if any, which exhibited statistical significance in univariate analysis (p<0.05), were selected for multi-factor discriminant analysis.


1. A personal status system is a system in which members of various ethno-religious communities that are specifically recognized as such by central authorities are subject to jurisdiction of their communal norms and institutions in regard to personal matters such as marriage, divorce, maintenance and inheritance. In other words, in such systems there is often not a unified or a territorial body of family law that is uniformly applied to every citizen of the land irrespective of his or her ethno-religious background but rather a polycentrically–organized legal order in which a Muslim is subject to Islamic Shari'a, a Jew to Halakhah, a Christian to Canon Law, a Hindu to Dharmashastra and so forth.


This paper presents the design and implementation of RA-MAC, an energy efficient protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSN). As a link layer protocol, RA-MAC focuses on the data transfer between adjacent network nodes within the transmission range. The protocol is unique in that, instead of a direct transmission, it employs intermediate notes to relay the packet to the destination. The protocol is random access based, includes a feedback mechanism designed to update the reward for make the forwarding decisions, and has minimum control message overheads. Simulation results show that RA-MAC can achieve excellent energy efficiency and that we can further improve the energy efficiency by increasing the number of relays without sacrificing the network throughput considerably. The proposed protocol is suitable for applications with high energy efficiency requirements. RA-MAC reveals a new way towards an energy efficient UWSN.


We consider a particle in the harmonic approximation coupled linearly to an environment modeled by an infinite set of harmonic oscillators. The system (particle environment) is considered in a cavity at thermal equilibrium. We employ the recently introduced notion of renormalized coordinates to investigate the time evolution of the particle occupation number. For comparison, we first present this study in bare coordinates. For a long elapsed time, in both approaches, the occupation number of the particle becomes independent of its initial value. The value of the occupation number of the particle is the physically expected one at the given temperature. So we have a Markovian process, describing the particle thermalization with the environment. With renormalized coordinates, no renormalization procedure is required, leading directly to a finite result.


The article analyses expressions for the otherworld in Baltic languages. Attention is given in particular to expressions containing the lexeme 'world' and to the lexeme's origin – literally 'a place under the sun' – is highlighted. Comparison with close languages (Slavic) and not only linguistic approach, but also some data from folkloristics and mythology research seem to be important. Based on the linguistic analysis, comparison and folkloristic data, up to three groups of placement could be found in the analysed expressions – first: 'beyond', 'behind', included in the Latvian prefix aiz-, Lithuanian už-. Second 'opposite to', 'across', 'on the other side', represented by the pronoun part viņš in Latvian compounds and anas, kitas the Lithuanian set phrases. There is also possibly a third: a location conveyed by a taboo-induced concealing term in the pronoun part of the expressions. Nevertheless, the main distinction which defines the 'otherworld' in Baltic languages seems to be the contrast to 'our world', 'the world upon which the sun is shining'.


The issue of chiral extrapolation has been highlighted as an important problem facing modern lattice QCD simulations [1,2], if one is to make any comparison with experiment. Extrapolations in quark mass are nontrivial because of nonanalytic contributions which arise as a consequence of dynamically broken chiral symmetry in the QCD vacuum [3]. At typical lattice quark masses there is little evidence of nonanalytic variation in quark mass. Recently, the Kentucky group has reported observation of chiral nonanalytic behaviour in quenched simulations with overlap fermions by reaching pion masses as low as 180 MeV [4]. The lack of rapid, nonanalytic curvature at moderate quark masses is well understood through the use of a finite-range regulator (FRR) in chiral effective field theory [5,6]. Finite-range regularisation provides a resummation of the chiral expansion which features the suppression of chiral loop effects with increasing quark mass [7], in accord with nature where the finite size of the Goldstone boson source plays a role. We first highlight the features of chiral extrapolation with the use of FRR chiral perturbation theory (χPT) in the case of the nucleon mass in dynamical QCD. We discuss the quenched chiral extrapolation of the magnetic moments of both nucleon and Delta baryons.


In this paper we give a sufficient and necessary condition fo r a Radon-Nikod́ym compact space to be Eberlein compact in terms of a separable fibre conn cting weak-* and norm approximation.


A balance between conservation of nature and economic development is becoming harder and harder to achieve. While, biodiversity is blooming under strict protection laws, people are increasingly lacking tools and resources to feed their local economic growth and development. The following thesis aims at investigating the conflict around ski zone Bansko, located in Pirin National Park in Bulgaria. The discrepancies between conservation and development can be clearly observed in this particular case. Decisions leaning towards loosening the regulations over protected areas have led to continuous protests and public debates, where stakeholders cannot find a common agreement regarding the management of the park. The specific inquiry I am going to impose, brings the attention to perceptions of nature and different values stakeholders and groups in society attributes to nature. I ask what the differences between perceptions of nature from different stakeholders are and if they can be considered as part of the problem. These perceptions were obtained from official documents, statements, reports etc and analysed with the framework of discourse analysis. Perceptions of nature related mainly to instrumental value and with some stakeholders – intrinsic as well. The differences appeared in the interpretations each stakeholder places on instrumental value of the mountain – a resource for different development paths. I further asked whether individual perceptions could also differ from organisational one – represented by the stakeholders. Individual perceptions were acquired through semi-structure interviews and showed a greater variety of both instrumental and intrinsic value. On individual level could be observed a genuine concern about the environment and the main theme revolves around the mountain itself. While, stakeholders seem to use the mountain debates as a platform to bring about other issues and topics they seem to think are more relevant – like political demands, economic rights, identity issues. Questions remain about whether stakeholders are debating about the nature, or just about their interests and agendas. (Less)


The HY-1C Satellite Calibration Spectrometer (SCS) is designed for high-accuracy and high-frequency cross-calibration for sensors mounted on the HY-1C satellite; thus, its onboard calibration consistency and stability are crucial for application. Most onboard calibration errors can be corrected via observation physical models and the prelaunch calibration process. However, the practical SCS calibration coefficient still retains some regularity, which indicates the existence of residual calibration errors. Therefore, in this study, a time series analysis-based method is proposed to eliminate this residual error. First, the SCS onboard calibration method and coefficients are described; second, a seasonal–trend decomposition based on the Loess (STL) method is used to model the SCS calibration coefficient; third, the calibration coefficient is validated, corrected and predicted using the constructed STL model; and finally, a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network method is also used to model and forecast the calibration coefficient. The analysis results show that: 1. the STL method can effectively model, interpret and correct the SCS calibration coefficient error; and 2. the LSTM method can also fit and forecast the calibration coefficients, while its accuracy and interpretability are poor. The proposed methods provide a data analysis-based perspective to monitor remote sensors and help improve the calibration accuracy.


The bearing property and reservoir property of cavity reservoir is superior in carbonate rock reservoir,but the reservoir is very heterogenous,so the conventional seismic resolution is unable to meet the requirements of high precision seismic exploration.As a high resolution geophysical techniques,the VSP can better characterize the spatial distributions of the complex structure,reservoir and fluid around well.It is helpful to analyze the seismic responses of the structure and lithologic of the given geological model,design the more reasonable field layout,analyze precisely wavefield and select optimal processing interpretation parameters that the VSP forward modeling of the carbonate rock cavity reservoir is done by the staggered-grid high-order finite-difference numerical simulation.


This paper considers the sequencing of n jobs in a single-machine shop in which each job is assigned a constant flow allowance. The objective is to determine the optimal value of the flow allowance and the optimal job sequence to minimize a cost function based on the flow allowance and the job earliness and tardiness values. We first propose a linear programming (LP) formulation of the problem. We then derive the optimal constant flow allowance via considering the LP dual problem and show that it is independent of the job sequence. After the theoretical treatment, a numerical example is presented for discussion.


Chemical reaction involves transformation of reactant into product. Rate of chemical reaction is the measure of how fast these changes are taking place. Some reactions occur very rapidly, others very slowly. For example, ionic reactions are very fast, while those taking place in water treatment plant may last up to few days. Rate of reaction can also be defined as the speed at which a reaction happens. If a chemical reaction has high rate, it shows that molecules combine at a higher rate than the reaction which has a slow rate. The rate of chemical reaction can also depend on different types of molecules that are combining. If there is low concentration of an essential element or compound, the reaction will be slower. Earlier Arrhenius equation was used to calculate the rate of reaction with some parameters. However, to know the exact reaction mechanism, actual reaction needed to be executed, which was not feasible and was time consuming. There are some simulators available for chemical kinetics which can compute the reaction rate though not in an optimal way. This thesis focuses on the optimization of rate of chemical reaction using four different nature inspired optimization algorithms, i.e, Random Algorithm, Genetic Algorithm, Differential Evolution and Particle Swarm Optimization, in order to maximize the rate of chemical reaction. In addition, these algorithms aim to get the best possible reaction rate along with the input tuning parameters. Test results show that different algorithms perform significantly better for different reactions and have different convergence rate. In this thesis, a simulator is used which is a object-oriented software tool named Cantera to calculate the rate of reaction which uses modified Arrhenius equation.