The Maya of southern Belize have been the inspiration for several attempts to reconstruct Precolumbian life. Living in the rainforest of the remote Toledo District, they seemed to J. Eric S. Thompson and others the ideal cultural isolate, preserving the traditions of a world otherwise vanished. Wilk admits that this was his idea too when he began ethnographic fieldwork in Otoxha and Aguacate in 1978, and his 1980 dissertation was a straightforward study of households in a "traditional society in the throes of modernization" (p. xix). This book, however, stands his previous thinking on its head. While his data on household organization and agricultural production remain valid, fascinating, and still offer potential clues to ancient Maya adaptability, Wilk now uses them to support "a critique of the evolutionary and schematic models of cultural change that flow from both modernization and dependency theory" (p. xx). An early, key discovery from archival work in Belmopan was that southern Toledo had been through several boom-and-bust cycles over the past century, as mahogany, sugar, cocoa, and bananas had in turn attracted and then broken outside entrepreneurs. The "isolated" Kekchi had seen it all before, and their arcadian innocence was distinctly tarnished by repeated cycles of underdevelopment. Each time a new opportunity came along, the Kekchi responded rapidly and enthusiastically, producing what the world seemed to want and getting their fingers repeatedly burned—rice and marijuana are the two most recent cash crops. Wilk shows that such involvement in the market economy has always been part of Kekchi life, and that one of their most interesting characteristics is their collective resilience. This he convincingly attributes to the maintenance of a subsistence economy conceptually as well as materially separated from the market. Corn cultivation is enmeshed in rituals and social obligations, with cultural values of tradition and stability, in opposition to the world of money and external interference represented by rice farming. The sacred nature and cultural essentiality of corn "are an anchor and can become a refuge . . . a viable alternative set of values instead of just the negation of market values . . . tradition becomes a pervasive tool for survival" (p. 141). Wilk sees the household as an adaptive group performing many different economic and social tasks, but one hitherto lacking history; while he cites Laslett, consideration of Le Roy Ladurie's work might have ameliorated this view somewhat. Nonetheless, he has produced "a rich mix of events, labor, struggle, blood, argument, negotiation, decision, agreement, satisfaction and every emotion from hatred to bliss" (p. 231)— his own characterization of what such history needs to be—in a book both literate and passionate about the problems that face the Kekchi hereafter.


A New species of sand bees, Andrena bakrajoensis sp. nov. was described from Iraq. This species differs from closely related species A. vetula Lepeletier, 1841 by, the body and metanotum are brown-reddish colors; anterior and posterior margin of labrum strongly of convex; mandibles without dentition. The important taxonomic characters have been described and illustrated.


. In this paper we prove an inverse function theorem in derived differential geometry. More concretely, we show that a morphism of curved L ∞ spaces which is a quasi-isomorphism at a point has a local homotopy inverse. This theorem simultaneously generalizes the inverse function theorem for smooth manifolds and the Whitehead theorem for L ∞ algebras. The main ingredients are the obstruction theory for L ∞ homomorphisms (in the curved setting) and the homotopy transfer theorem for curved L ∞ algebras. Both techniques work in the A ∞ case as well.


Anthropometry is an essential tool in the geriatric nutritio nal assessment. Measuring height and weight can be quite problematic in the old age so they can be estimated using the WHO equations. The purpose of this study was to: (a) show anthropometric indices of nutritional status of the ambulatory institutionalized oldest old in Zagreb, Croatia; (b) examine the adequacy of WHO equations for predicting height and weight of oldest old persons; (c) develop population-specific equations for estimating height and weight. The sample of this cross-sectional study comprised 314 examinees (F/M= 234/80, 85-101 years). The classic anthropometric parameters (height, weight, extremities' circumferences, knee height and skinfolds) were measured. The adequacy of WHO equations for predicting height and weight in Croatian oldest old was assessed using the paired t-test. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to derive population-specific equations for predicting height and weight. The sexual dimorphism was found in several anthropometric indices; men were taller, had larger weight and knee height, while women had larger triceps skinfold thickness. In women, most indices declined with age and in men the negative relation of knee height with age indicated a secular trend. The WHO equations for elderly acceptably predicted nothing but height in oldest old women. The presently developed equations, using the same WHO's predictor variables, proved to be more adequate for the studied population.


In this paper, we are mainly interested in identifying and measuring the ground subsidence that occurred after the flooding of Oued EI Maadin tributary in Tunisia. For this purpose, we are adopting the Differential Interferometry Synthetic Aperture RADAR approach (D-InSAR) using a set of multi-temporal Sentinel1 SLC data. Furthermore, we are considering an offset tracking technique that provides assessments of the land subsidence movements. To do so, we are using two Sentinel1 GRD images that were acquired before and after the soil deformation event.


Managing natural resources sustainably is essential in this contemporary era of land use planning system. This includes managing and planning the invaluable of coastal areas. In this regards, coastal management programmes have been regarded as a key approach in delivering the coastal strategies and objectives towards achieving a sustainable coastal development worldwide. This is supported by the good governance to ensure that the implementation of coastal development is successful. As such, this paper suggests that the aspect of good governance as one essential element of coastal management that can and should make a substantial contribution to planning and managing coastal land uses in Malaysia. It has many positive implications to the environmental, social and economic sectors. The experience of Lembaga Urus Air Selangor (LUAS) in managing the coastal areas via the implementation of good governance indicates the requirement of good governance in ensuring a successful coastal management. In addition, financial element has become a significant attribute in implementing coastal management initiatives. This study offers input in planning literatures by addressing the integration of coastal management, good local governance, land use planning and financial elements which are very relevant with today's current global changes on environment as a whole.


Electron donor–acceptor interaction of the reverse micelle (RM) of TX-100 in CCl4 medium with a number of π-acceptors has been established by analysing the charge transfer (CT) absorption bands in the light of Mulliken's theory. Aggregation number (n) and operational critical micellisation concentration of the RM and formation constants of the RM–p-chloranil and RM-o-chloranil complexes have been determined by UV-visible spectrophotometry. Values of n thus obtained (20–30) are close to that of TX-100/cyclohexane dry reverse micelles determined by other methods and also to a theoretically calculated value of n for AOT/CCl4 dry RM.


The invention provides a display method for a transparent screen and an electronic device, and relates to the field of display technologies. The electronic device can comprise a display unit and a first adjusting unit; the display unit is provided with a first side and a second side and is used for displaying images; the first adjusting unit is arranged on the first side or the second side of the display unit and is used for being switched from a first state to a second state. The display method for the transparent screen and the electronic device have the advantages that problems of degradation of the display flexibility of an existing transparent screen and inconvenience for users due to the fact that the transparency of the existing transparent screen cannot be adjusted are solved, and the display method and the electronic device can be applied to display on transparent screens.


I am very happy to participate in the 9th edition of Vibrant Gujarat Global Summit. It is indeed a pleasure to be here and share my thoughts on various contours of the Indian economy. I thank the organisers of this event, namely the Government of Gujarat, National Investment and Infrastructure Fund and the Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Government of India for inviting me to this Roundtable.


This paper proposes Multidirectional Block Ranking based segmentation and removal of Interphase cells from chromosome images. The efficiency of automatic karyotyping decreases with the presence of undivided, condensed mass of chromosomes called Interphase cells, stain, debris and other unwanted interferences in the chromosome image. The algorithm segments and removes these interferences and enhances the accuracy of automatic karyotyping. The method is tested and excellent segmentation accuracy is accomplished. The chromosome image is preprocessed and a boundary-mapping algorithm is applied to identify the Region of Interest (RoI). The image is divided into blocks and ranks are assigned to all the blocks using Gaussian Ranking Functions (GRF) based on their contribution to the RoI. A higher rank is assigned to the block contributing more while a lesser rank is assigned to other blocks that contribute less to the RoI. The Interphase cells that constitute the RoI are removed from the chromosome images based on the cumulative rank obtained by the blocks in the chromosome image. The proposed algorithm is applied to segment and remove Interphase cells, stains, dirt and other particles that exhibit structural homogeneity. The algorithm gives accurate results in applications where the RoI to be segmented share the grey level with the background wherein the traditional image segmentation methods fall short of accomplishing precise segmentation results.


Environmental degradation has continued to increase in the last decade, requiring us to put increasing efforts into environmental mitigation, including in terms of food production. Future food production must be able to minimize the use of fresh water, fertilizers and pesticides, and reduce soil erosion. The Multitrophic Aquaculture System (MAS) approach could be one positive solution to this problem, by cultivating multitrophic organisms in the same system. This study aims to present details of the processes involved in implementing MAS on a microcosm scale that is currently underway. In the future, this system will be scaled up to in-situ level using brackish water ponds. In the present study, red seaweed Gracilaria changii was used as an autotrophic organism while the grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus as a heterotrophic organism. There are two treatments and one control, each with three replicates. This study shows that the system developed works well enough for seaweed. Seaweed seems to grow well, even though the growth rate is still low. Groupers, which are in the same system, are also in quite good condition, although some groupers showed low appetite, most likely due to low oxygen supply and excessive nutrition in the water. These challenges may be overcome by using higher seaweed stocking density. The system can maintain several water quality parameters, such as pH, at optimal level.


We discuss the decline in trust in government-sponsored sources of health information within a wider fall in trust of health systems overall. The reasons for declining trust are examined, drawing on past high profile examples such as pandemics and vaccination programmes where government information has been criticised as inadequate or unconvincing. We suggest that trust overall in official sources of information for general health advice is more vulnerable to external influences such as news media coverage and commercial marketing activity than previously recognised. Recommendations for policy and intervention development conclude the paper.


In the study of scattering by obstacles, the problem to know relationships between the geometry of obstacles and the distribution of poles of scattering matrices .is one of the most interesting and important problems. It is conjectured that the more rays of geometric optics are trapped by CJ the more solutions of the wave equation are trapped by 0, and that the more solutions of the wave equation are trapped, the nearer to the real axis it appears the poles of the scattering matrix.


Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) seroprevalence in patients with positive syphilis serology. Materials and methods: 105 (8.4%) samples, which were found positive with the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and/or the Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA) tests, were also tested with the anti-HIV-1/2 quick test (INSTI HIV1/HIV2 Antibody Test, Bartel Inc. USA) for the detection of HIV, any sample that gave positive result, was submitted to enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) (Behring Diagnostics, Marburg), and then western blot (WB) (HIV BLOT 2.2, Diagnostic Biotechnology Ltd. USA) as confirmatory test. The samples with positive results were also tested with the Serodia Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TP.PA) (SerodiaTP.PA, Fujirebio Inc., Japan); the Murex Syphilis ICE (ICE), IgG+IgM (ELISA), (ICE Syphilis Detection Pack, Murex Biotech Limited, Dartford, UK); the Enzywell TP (TP), IgG+M (ELISA) (Diesse, Sienna, Italy); the Captia Syphilis-M (CS-M) (IgM) (ELISA) (CaptiaSyphilis-M, Trinity Biotech plc, Ireland) and the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption assay (FTA-abs) tests (Mastaflour-FTA-ABS, Mast Diagnostics, UK) as other specific treponemal tests. Results: Two RPR positive TPHA negative patient sera were found as HIV seropositive with the ELISA and WB tests. Additionally, in these samples all other specific tests as the TP.PA, ICE, TP, CS-M and the FTA-abs tests were found as negative. So, these two anti-HIV positive sera were evaluated as biologic false-positive (BFP) reaction of syphilis. Non of the sera with positive syphilis reaction was found as positive for anti-HIV reaction. Conclusion: Because patients who have acquired a sexually transmissed disease (STD) have demonstrated their potential risk for acquiring HIV infection all patients with syphilis serology positive should be counseled concerning the risk of HIV.


In vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications, reliability is one of the most important performance metrics in safety-critical applications such as advanced driving, remote driving, and vehicle platooning. In this paper, the link reliability of unicast concurrent transmission in mode 1 (centralized mode) of 5G New Radio based V2X (NR-V2X) is analyzed. The closed-form expression of link reliability for concurrent unicast transmission is firstly derived for a highway scenario under a given interference distance distribution. On this basis, according to the macroscopic configuration of the system, a method to control the number of concurrent transmission nodes is proposed, including the communication range, message packet size, and the number of lanes, etc. The results indicate that the proposed method can maximize the system load on the premise of satisfying the link reliability requirements.


1. The popular type in which there is a small carbon microphone with a small dry cell and amplifier. The receiver is designed either to wear in or over the ear, or behind the ear for bone conduction. 2. The valve amplifier for increasing the range of the microphone, and a receiver. Modern methods of manufacture allow them to be reduced in size to less than a lady's small handbag. Naturally they are more conspicuous than the ordinary telephone type because the amplifier and microphone have to be carried in the hand instead of being about the patient's person. There is no doubt, however, that the valve type gives better amplification and is comparatively free from distortion and noise.


The high-temperature equilibrated atomic structures and energies of large-unit-cell grain boundaries (GB's) in diamond and silicon are determined by means of Monte-Carlo simulations using Tersoff's potentials for the two materials. Silicon provides a relatively simple basis for understanding GB structural disorder in a purely sp ^3 bonded material against which the greater bond stiffness in diamond combined with its ability to change hybridization in a defected environment from sp ^3 to sp ^2 can be elucidated. We find that due to the purely sp ^3-type bonding in Si, even in highly disordered, high-energy GB's at least 80% of the atoms are fourfold coordinated in a rather dense confined amorphous structure. By contrast, in diamond even relatively small bond distortions exact a considerable price in energy that favors a change to sp ^2-type local bonding; these competing effects translate into considerably more ordered diamond GB's; however, at the price of as many as 80% of the atoms being only threefold coordinated. Structural disorder in the Si GB's is therefore partially replaced by coordination disorder in the diamond GB's. In spite of these large fractions of three-coordinated GB carbon atoms, however, the three-coordinated atoms are rather poorly connected amongst themselves, thus likely preventing any type of graphite-like electrical conduction through the GB's.


We review probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS), which has been a key enabler for several recent record-setting optical fiber communications experiments. PCS provides both fine-grained rate adaptability and energy efficiency (sensitivity) gains. We discuss the reasons for the fundamentally better performance of PCS over other constellation shaping techniques that also achieve rate adaptability, such as time-division hybrid modulation, and examine in detail the impact of sub-optimum shaping and forward error correction (FEC) on PCS systems. As performance metrics for systems with PCS, we compare information-theoretic measures such as mutual information (MI), generalized MI (GMI), and normalized GMI, which enable optimization and quantification of the information rate (IR) that can be achieved by PCS and FEC. We derive the optimal parameters of PCS and FEC that maximize the IR for both ideal and non-ideal PCS and FEC. To avoid plausible pitfalls in practice, we carefully revisit key assumptions that are typically made for ideal PCS and FEC systems.


Indigenous peoples are widely recognized as holding insights or lessons about how the rest of humanity can live sustainably or resiliently. Yet it is rarely acknowledged in many literatures that for Indigenous peoples living in the context of settler states such as the U.S. or New Zealand, our own efforts to sustain our peoples rest heavily on our capacities to resist settler colonial oppression. Indigenous planning refers to a set of concepts and practices through which many Indigenous peoples reflect critically on sustainability to derive lessons about what actions reinforce Indigenous self-determination and resist settler colonial oppression. The work of the Sustainable Development Institute of the College of Menominee Nation (SDI) is one case of Indigenous planning. In the context of SDI, we discuss Indigenous planning as a process of interpreting lessons from our own pasts and making practical plans for staging our own futures. If there are such things as Indigenous sustainability lessons for Indigenous peoples, they must be reliable planning concepts and processes we can use to support our continuance in the face of ongoing settler colonial oppression.


The circumstances that determine how acute pancreatitis (AP) becomes severe are unknown. Differences in cytokine genetic encoding may determine the severity or influence the etiology of AP. This article investigates the relationship between different polymorphisms of tumor necrosis factor &agr; (TNF-&agr;), interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6, and IL-10 with the severity and etiology of AP and the serum levels of the cytokine encoded. Methods: Patients with AP were included prospectively. Severity of the disease was determined according to Atlanta classification. Serum levels of these cytokines were determined within the first 72 hours after the onset of symptoms. The following polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction: IL-1a −889, IL-1b +3954, IL-1b −511, variable number tandem repeats, IL-6 −174, IL-6 −597, IL-10 −592, TNF-&agr; 308, TNF-&agr; 238, and TNF-B250. Results: Eighty-four patients were included. The GA genotype of the TNF-&agr; 238 polymorphism was associated with more frequent respiratory failure and shock than the GG genotype. Gallstone pancreatitis was associated with the CC genotype of the IL-6 −174 CC polymorphism. Conclusions: AG genotype of the TNF-&agr; 238 polymorphism is associated with organic failure in patients with AP. The CC genotype of the IL-6 174 polymorphism is associated with biliary etiology of acute pancreatitis.


Platform as a Service PaaS is a typical cloud service paradigm that allows PaaS consumers to deploy and manage applications usually services to SaaS consumers. To ensure the quality of services to both PaaS consumers and SaaS consumers, PaaS must be equipped with enough monitoring and controlling ability to make runtime adjustment actions. Although most of the components in PaaS have provided their own management interface, it is hard to perform adjustment actions based on raw runtime data collected from these low level management interfaces due to the diversity and dynamics of components in PaaS. This paper proposes a model based monitoring and controlling approach for PaaS. The proposed approach masks the underlying heterogeneity of components in PaaS and presents a high level model for monitoring and controlling. The model is instantiated automatically based on pre-defined meta-model, which effectively reduces the development efforts. A monitoring and controlling framework based on this approach is designed and implemented in a practical PaaS, which shows the feasibility of the proposed approach.


The drill has a drilling portion followed by a thread cutting portion. The drill has extra flutes on the outer diameter to dispose of cuttings from the thread cutting operation. The flutes narrow upon reaching the thread cutting portion and the drill diameter reduces before the thread cutting portion to allow smooth engagement.


There is a rich and fulsome literature on victims and the processes by which certain groups or individuals come to be constructed as victims. Less attention has been paid to the rhetorical moves employed as counter strategies by groups who seek to challenge victim status and the use of the 'victim' label for particular groups. Using the debates around the criminalization of HIV non-disclosure as a case study, the aim of this paper is to contribute towards a better understanding of efforts to deny or neutralize victimhood. The paper identifies several strategies utilized by individuals and groups, the object of which is to raise questions about the appropriateness of a criminal response to HIV non-disclosure by constructing those who have had intimate encounters with HIV non-disclosers as equally responsible for their circumstances rather than as victims of non-disclosers.


Inspite of high quality of methodical and technical means of X-ray therapy, X-ray stomatitis development is the basic problem in management of anti-cancer therapy. It takes place in patients who had X-ray therapy associated with cancer at the region of head and neck. And prophylaxis and medical treatment of radiation defeats are not always effective.
Purpose of this research is studying of the affect of a new agent for the oral care on the level of biochemical markers of inflammation and restoration processes in the oral mucosa under conditions of X-ray stomatitis.
Materials and methods. Experiments conducted on the 50 white rats, exposed to the rays AGAT-R–1-1 under doses of 10, 15 and 20 Gy. A clinical picture of X-ray stomatitis in animals and influence of the new hygienic agent on the biochemical indices of inflammation, peroxidation, antioxidant protection of the oral mucosa have been studied.
Results

With local action on oral tissues at X-ray stomatitis in rats the new hygienic agent improved quick disappearence of irradiation oxidative stress and normalized activity of antioxidant enzymes activity.
Under experiment conditions the new gel had a local protective action on the course of erosive-ulcerous X-ray stomatitis and assisted in cicatrization of oral mucosa.
The obtained results indicate the perspectiveness of the new agent application for the oral in case of medical treatment of erosive-ulcerous elements of X-ray injury of the oral mucosa.


Background: Acute respiratory infections are caused by a wide range of viruses. Respiratory spread is the main process of disease transmission. In this study we evaluated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) indices.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on patients-files between September 2019 and March 2021. 102 patients were evaluated. 26 men and 30 women were included in the acute coronary group, 16 men and 30 women were included in the non-acute coronary group.
Results: The mean age of women (53.0 ± 1.9) was higher than that of men (50.2 ± 2.02) in the acute COVID-19 group. The mean NLR index in COVID-19 men (1.65 ± 7.47) was higher than non- COVID-19 men (6.7 ± 1.54). It was also higher in COVID-19 women (10.78 ± 2.54) than non- COVID-19 women (7.9 ± 1.24) (p value > 0.05).The PLR index of COVID-19 men (15.43 ± 2.85) was lower than non- COVID-19 men (15.48 ± 3.48). However, this index was lower in COVID-19 women (22.5 ± 3.36) than non- COVID-19 women (25.2 ± 4.2) (p value > 0.05). The mean of MLR index in COVID-19 men (0.16 ± 0.025) was less than that in COVID-19 women (0.26 ± 0.03) (p value > 0.05). The mean MLR index in non- COVID-19 men (0.22 ± 0.04) was lower than that in non- COVID-19 women (0.23 ± 0.02) (p value > 0.05). The mean MLR index in the COVID-19 men (0.16 ± 0.025) was lower than non- COVID-19 men (0.22 ± 0.04). This index was higher in COVID-19 women (0.26 ± 0.03) than non- COVID-19 women (0.23 ± 0.02) (p value > 0.05).
Conclusion: The changes in NLR, PLR and MLR indices were in accordance with global studies but were not significant. This may be due to immune responses of patients and laboratory errors (sampling and performing techniques).


Here,the genetic algorithm is introduced based on the partial regression model commonly used in dam monitoring,at the same time, by using the powerful adaptive global optimization probabilistic searching function and using the improved genetic algorithm for optimization and re-evaluation of the partial regression coefficients,the genetic-partial regression model is established for dam safety monitoring.Then,the purpose of optimization for the partial regression model is achieved,and such problems as the multi-correlation interfereuce and model underfitting which exist in the general regression model for dam safety monitoring are also solved and improved,so as to further raise the fitting and prediction accuracy of the dam monitoring model.


We present the importance of exact wood identification for the purposes of conservation and restoration. We describe the procedures used such as sampling of wood, preparation of microscopic slides, and wood identification. The results of investigations of historic woods at the wood anatomy laboratory of the Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty are presented.


A general method for two-mode simultaneous reduction of units and variables of a data matrix is introduced. It consists in a convex linear combination of Reduced K-Means (RKM) and Factorial K-Means (FKM). Both methodologies involve principal component analysis for variables and K-Means for units, even though RKM aims at maximizing the between-clusters deviance without imposing any condition on the within-clusters deviance, while FKM aims at minimizing the within-clusters deviance without imposing any condition on the between one. It follows that RKM and FKM complement each other. In order to take advantage of both methods a convex linear combination of RKM and FKM is proposed. Furthermore, the fuzzy approach to clustering is adopted because of its flexibility in handling the real world complexity and uncertainty. A fast Alternating Least Squares algorithm is introduced and its performance is investigated by simulated and real data.


Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, which may progress to cirrhosis, a significant risk factor of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the commonest malignant primary liver cancer (PLC). We investigated the association between the individual components of MetS (lipids, apolipoproteins, raised glucose, diabetes and obesity), PLC and cirrhosis.


The author analyzes the system of tradition which includes necessary referring of possession for transferring the property in its classic variant and in the way it's enshrined in Russian Federation. Traditionally, the exception to the common rule of referring the possession is a cession of replevin. The article raises both the issue of possibility and relevancy of the using this construct in Russian Law and its correlation with «permissive tradition» stated in the article number 223 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.


Juan F. Frank. Are We or are We not Our Brain? A Philosophical Essay.  Logos y Universidad Austral– Rosario, 2018. ISBN 978-987-732-128-9


We propose a hybrid waveguide-based optical switch using n-ZnO on p-Si heterojunction structure. Under depletion-mode, the modulation depth of 6.37dB and tunable red-shift of 4 nm over cavity length of 20µm have been achieved.


This paper describes our work to enable user location acquisition using existing telecom network infrastructures (cellular base stations). Different from many others, this solution does not require the involvement of a telecom provider; instead, it allows the users to customize how their location information will be derived and shared. A number of issues have been addressed related to building a self-contained location database, and an example application is presented to demonstrate the use of this solution in a pervasive


It has been widely argued that morphological competence, particularly functional morphology, represents the bottleneck of second language acquisition (Jensen et al. 2017; Lardiere 1998, 2005; Slabakova 2008, 2009, 2013). In this study, we explore three challenging aspects of the morphology of Spanish among advanced L1 Ashaninka—L2 Spanish speakers: (i) the acquisition of proclitics and enclitics with inflected verbs; (ii) the distribution of accusative clitics according to the thematic role of the direct object in anaphoric and doubling structures; and (iii) the distribution of clitic forms and their association with gender features. Our results show evidence of the L2 acquisition of clitic structures in L2 Spanish speakers, and no difference between native and L2 speakers regarding sensitivity to thematic roles. However, there are statistically significant differences between groups in the distribution of the gender specification of the clitic antecedents or doubled determiner phrases (DPs). We take these results as evidence in support of the view that morphological patterns can be acquired (proclitics vs. suffixes) as well as preferences for mapping thematic roles onto clitics, but subtle differences in the continuum of preferences for mapping gender features are more difficult to acquire.


Text of a speech given by Azie Morton introducing Barbara C. Jordan, followed by her speech at the Jefferson-Jackson Day Dinner in Atlanta, Georgia.


Workforce experts have warned that the long term future of the NHS depends on the input of health professionals trained in the European Union, regardless of how the United Kingdom leaves the EU.

Peers on the House of Lords' NHS sustainability committee heard of the vital role played by overseas trained doctors and nurses in the NHS, during an evidence session held on 1 November for their inquiry into the long term sustainability of the NHS.

Peers asked whether the witnesses' organisations were preparing for the UK's decision to leave the EU and what effect this might have on the NHS workforce and possible staff shortages.

Danny Mortimer, chief executive of NHS Employers, the body that represents the …


1.1 Introduction This chapter presents a philosophical position regarding the agent metaphor that defines an agent in terms of behavioural autonomy; while autonomy is defined in terms of agents modifying the way they achieve their objectives. Why might we want to use these definitions? We try to show that learning allows different approaches to the same objective to be critically assessed and thus the most appropriate selected. This idea is illustrated with examples from distributed mobile agent systems, but it is suggested that t he same reasoning can be applied to communication issues amongst agents operating in a single location. The chapter is structured as follows. Section 1.2 looks at the fundamental metaphors of agents, objects and data, while section 1.3 moves on to consider the more complex concepts such as autonomy and mobility. In section 1.4 the authors attempt to define what a mobile agent actually is, and how one might be used to conserve network resources is addressed in section 1.5. Finally we explore the relationship between autonomy and learning, and try to clear up some lose ends.


The ethnic cultural heritages are the witnesses to the development of human society and the crystallization of ethnic cultures.The protection of ethnic cultural heritages is a major concern in China.The effective protection and inheritance of the intangible cultural heritages which are the basis of constructing a modern culture with ethnic traits and the contribution to the cultural diversity of mankind by all nationalities of China has become an urgent cultural strategy in China.With a case study of three state-level intangible cultural heritages,Zanha,Water-splashing Festival and Peacock Performance,this research concludes that their protection and development can rely on the etic protection as the means and the emic heritage as the basis.


The rate coefficients for the reactions C(+) + e(-) + e(-) yields C + e(-) and CO(+) + e(-) yields C + O were measured over the electron temperature range of approximately 1500 deg K to 7000 deg K. The measurements were performed in CO that had expanded from equilibrium reservoir conditions of 7060 deg K at 17.3 atm pressure and from 6260 deg K at 10.0 atm pressure. Two RAM flight probes were used to measure electron density and electron temperature in the expanding flow of a shock tunnel. Experiments were performed in the inviscid flow with both probes and in the nozzle-wall boundary layer with the constant bias-voltage probe. The distributions of electron density and electron temperature were independently measured using voltage-swept thin-wire probes. Thin-wire Langmuir probes were also used to measure the electron-density and electron-temperature distributions in the boundary layer of a sharp flat plate located on the nozzle centerline. Admittance measurements were performed with the RAM C and RAM C-C S-band antennas in the presence of an ionized boundary layer.


The September 1963 issue of Transactions, American Geophysical Union, gave prominent attention to the formation and early activities of the Committee on Status and Needs. The Committee remains active as the recipient of a grant from the National Science Foundation, winch was given for studies to advance the science of Hydrology.


Adolescent pregnancy is a medical and social problem. Sexually active adolescents are more likely to seek contraception if they perceive pregnancy as a negative outcome, have long-term educational goals, are older, experience a pregnancy scare or actual pregnancy, or have family, friends, and/or a clinician who encourage the use of contraception. Barriers that may impede adolescent access to contraceptive services include lack of access to confidential services and concerns about side effects. Before initiating contraception, it is important to review the adolescent's history for absolute or relative contraindications, discuss the risks and benefits, and obtain consent.


ABSTRACT The quality of adult learning depends on the professionalisation of individuals who are involved in the adult education programs provision. The delivery of adult education programs is mainly supported by facilitators. Increasing the amount of time and effort put into developing and acknowledging their contributions can aid in motivating and extending the duration of their work as program facilitators. Hence, promoting the professional profile of facilitators in the workplace is crucial to ensure the effective provision of adult education. Considering this premise, the current study was conducted to scrutinise how adult education facilitators' training, career development, and workplace engagement have been incorporated into adult education provision. In doing so, a cross-sectional study design was employed. A simple random technique was used to select 200 participants. Data was collected through a questionnaire and analysed using a one-sample t-test, correlation, and chi-square. The study found despite increasing emphasis being placed on facilitators' professional development, the practice and effort made to train, promote, and encourage them were found to be deficient in certain regards. This may account for a high turnover rate of facilitators which in turn, creates risks for the provision and management of adult education programs.


The study was to identify those prominent Anthropometric factors among national level women hockey players in Kerala. Total of 36 women Hockey players were selected for the study and the age of the subjects ranged from 17-25 years. The subjects were selected from SN College Kannur and SAI Kollam. Descriptive analysis were done on all the selected anthropometric variables namely; weight, height, sitting height, arm length, leg length, calf girth, thigh girth, ponderal index and crural index. In this study the principal component method was selected for the primary solution of factor analysis. Since there was very less study on anthropometric variables done on Hockey players, The scholar has undertaken this study to explore the importance of Anthropometric variables among Hockey players. The length factor (factor 1) comprises of height, arm length were heavily loaded items, the index factor (factor 2) which comprises the ponderal index was heavily loaded item, the another loaded factor of girth factor (factor 3) which comprising of thigh girth and calf girth were heavily loaded items among female hockey players. The present study revealed that the length factor (factor 1) comprises of height, arm length were heavily loaded items, the index factor (factor 2) which comprises the ponderal index was heavily loaded item, the another loaded factor of girth factor (factor 3) which comprising of thigh girth and calf girth were heavily loaded items among female hockey players.


Inorganic tin and methyl- and n-butyltin compounds were speciated by volatilization from water samples by hydride generation, separation by a chromatographic packing material, and detection by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in an electrothermal quartz furnace at the 224.61-nm wavelength. Absolute detection limits of 20-50 pg (3sigma) as Sn and linearity of calibration curves up to 30 ng as Sn avoid preconcentration by extraction and allow direct determination of methyl- and n-butyltin compounds from environmental waters. Reproducibility for 15 ng as Sn is less than 15% for most alkyltin compounds. This study discusses optimization of parameters and results from natural waters. 26 references, 4 figures, 3 tables.


Are stock market crashes and rallies related to deviations from the apparent fundamental share price? Using a switching-regression framework, the authors test whether apparent deviations help to predict the regime from which the next period's stock market return is drawn and the magnitude of returns in that regime. They find that the probability of a collapse rises before most actual crashes. Likelihood ratio tests confirm that regime switches are influenced by apparent deviations. Copyright 1993 by MIT Press.


In this paper, we investigate bit allocation schemes with limited rate feedback for cooperative jamming. In addition to the transmitter and receiver, we assume a passive eavesdropper and cooperative jammer are present. In order to achieve a secure communications link against the eavesdropper, the transmitter and jammer require channel state information (CSI) to be fed back to them from the receiver. Assuming feedback channels with a maximum sum feedback rate constraint, the receiver must allocate the total number of bits available to quantize the CSI between the transmitter and jammer. This requires the receiver to balance the need for a strong channel from the transmitter against the need for the jammer to accurately null the receiver and reduce the resulting interference. We propose an optimal bit allocation strategy for this problem using mean-squared error as the performance metric, and we use simulation examples to illustrate its advantage over a non-optimized feedback allocation.


This study has aimed to show and explain the phenomenon of consumerism from three different currents that treat the theoretical determinations of individual consumption. It has been developed an exploratory study, critical-analytical, from works of authors who talk about the subject. First, based on the view of Neoclassical Theory, it has been found that the consumption is always covered with a large rationality and a hedonic character. The pursuit of self-interest and own pleasure determines consumption as something always autonomous and conscious to the consumer. Consumerism is, thus, an expected consequence of an independent and conscious race for delight and benefit at a time that the most basic needs are overcome. Veblen argues that the consuption has a symbolic character. By referring honor, it is primordial in the social competition process (emulation process). Under the era of predatory-pecuniary culture such dispute for prestige plays a central role in individual behavior, reflected in their consumption determinations. It is, on this way, determined less autonomously than socially. Consumerism can, therefore, be understood as process of resemblance, competition and overcome to the next person in the pecuniary emulation habit. In the other hand, Lipovetsky sees in the contemporary consumption a search for experiences and emotions the result of a modern individualist-hedonistic behavior and a society where buying in large scale is an unexceptional act and inherent to the concept of happiness. Thereby, consumerism is designed by Lipovetsky also as an autonomous demand for momentary pleasures and renewed emotions. In spite of the different approaches and interpretations about the theoretical determinations of individual consuption and therefore the consumption a synthesis is possible. The contemporary consumerism can be understood as a search, somewhat rational, for enjoyment and own benefits. This broad placement can still be detailed when is understood the emulative character of consumption, as a comparison and interpersonal competition. This emulation, as a result of a more atomized contemporary individual, occurs, in a significant manner, on subjective, emotional and experiential terms. Despite the differences regarding to the consumption between the authors' approaches, it is possible to, from the theoretical determinations of individual consumption, accept that the consumerism binds elements of the three different thoughts.


A software-defined network (SDN) provides flexible network management using centralized and open control. It separates the control and data planes, and the controller is responsible for the control plane. Network administrators can apply new services to their network and expand or downscale it by programming the controller. Switches communicate with controllers through an OpenFlow protocol to synchronize and receive a flow table. When there are considerable requests for routing information from multiple switches to a controller, the controller overflows and the performance deteriorates. OpenFlow allows the use of multiple controllers in the network to solve this problem. All the controllers should be well balanced to avoid failure of a heavy-loaded controller. In this paper, we suggest a loadbalancing algorithm based on a genetic algorithm. If controller load is not well balanced, our algorithm performs selection, crossover, and mutation to determine optimal load balancing.


A nickel catalyst,bis( α naphthyl) 2,3 butanediimine nickel(Ⅱ)dichloride {[C 10 H 7— N C (CH 3)C (CH 3) NC 10 H 7 ]NiCl 2} was synthesized and then activated by methylaluminoxane(MAO).By using this catalytic system branched polyethylenes(PE)of bimodal (wide) molecular weight distribution(MWD) were prepared.The effects of various conditions,including the polymerization temperature ( T p),ethylene pressure and n Al / n Ni on the catalytic activity,molecular weight,degree of branching and branching types of PE were investigated.The catalytic activity and the resulting polymer microstructure were sensitive to the polymerization temperature.The microstructure of the resulting PE was determined by FTIR and 13 C NMR.According to Gel Permeation Chromatography(GPC),the resulting PE exhibited a bimodal molecular weight distribution.The influence of the existence of three possible stereo isomers of the Ni single site catalyst with unsymmetrical imino substituted bulky ligands on the molecular weight distribution was discussed.


Isogeometric analysis is a high‐continuity alternative to the standard finite element method. However, for practical application several issues remain to be addressed. This contribution discusses the imposition of Dirichlet boundary conditions as well as the connection between multiple patches. In particular necessary manipulations of the geometrical input data are provided. Dirichlet boundary conditions can be imposed in weak or in strong form. Due to the non‐interpolatory characteristics of NURBS surfaces weak imposition of Dirichlet conditions is a viable option which avoids local transformations. The connection of multiple patches can be realized in a weak manner by adding additional terms to the variational equations, for example by the Lagrange multiplier method or the perturbed Lagrangian method. Both base on the idea of multiplying the mutual deformations with an additional unknown to force the deformations on shared edges to be equal. The numerical treatment leads to different sets of equations. In contrast to strong inter‐patch connections, where coinciding control points share the same degrees of freedom, weak imposition allows for hanging nodes and therefore local refinement. The theoretical background and issues of implementation are given. Some numerical examples compare error norms for all mentioned methods and demonstrate that in particular cases a reduction of continuity leads to more accurate results. (© 2011 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


To clarify the influence of drying conditions on moisture content and soaking cracks in rinse-free rice, the authors performed drying tests with rinse-free rice under various conditions (temperature, 30-50°C; relative humidity, 50-80%; air velocity, 0-1.5m/s). Rice with a high rate of soaking cracks had a decreased yield in the milling process and lower quality after cooking. Therefore, it is important not to increase soaking cracks during the drying process in the production of rinse-free rice. At low relative humidity and high temperature, a remarkable increase in soaking cracks was observed. In contrast, the generation of soaking cracks was suppressed at high air velocity. The physical properties of the rice kernels changed dramatically when the temperature exceeded the glass transition temperature (Tg). Although soaking cracks increased slightly in the glassy region, they increased dramatically in the rubbery region. (Received Sep. 9, 2011 ; Accepted Feb. 23, 2012)


Background. Identification of the characteristics of the pulmonary tuberculosis process using multi-layer spiral computed tomography (MSCT) in patients with tuberculosis and HIV infection is important in the diagnosis of tuberculosis, determining the dissemination of the process and its dynamics during treatment. The aim. To determine the initial characteristics and dynamics of infiltrative tuberculosis according to MSCT in patients with and without HIV infection, with and without multidrug resistance (MDR) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis who were treated in a hospital. Materials and methods. 126 patients aged 19–59 years with tuberculosis, combined with HIV infection and without HIV infection were examined. For statistical processing, we used MS Excel (Microsoft Corp., USA) software package. Results. Patients with tuberculosis and HIV infection in comparison with patients with tuberculosis and without HIV had more expressed intoxication syndrome and respiratory impairement in the clinical picture (p < 0.00001). Patients with coinfection were more likely to suffer from alcohol (p  <  0.05) and drug addiction (p < 0.001). According to MSCT, the pathological process in HIV-positive patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was more disseminated (p < 0.05), included severe intrathoracic lymphadenopathy (p < 0.0001), more common pleural lesions (p < 0.005), less common destructive changes (cavities) (p < 0.001) and outcomes in form of fibro-cavernous tuberculosis (p < 0.01). Process regression was slower in patients with tuberculosis and HIV (p < 0.005). According to MSCT, extensive lung damage, intrathoracic lymphadenopathy were  more often found in patients with MDR in coinfection (p  <  0.05). Cavities and fibro-cavernous tuberculosis outcomes were more common in patients with tuberculosis without HIV infection and with MDR (p < 0.05). Conclusion. MSCT provides detailed information about the pathological process in the lungs and its dynamics under the treatment of tuberculosis and HIV infection.


Abstract : Efficient wing design for high speed flight, good transonic manoeuverability and satisfactory near-to-ground performance requires detailed understanding of flow around leading edges with and without separations. Slender body theory with exact boundary condition has been used to calculate flow past thin conically camberged wings. The flow separations have been modelled as vortex-cut arrangements. Leading edge camber has a very marked effect on wing pressures, hence on the overall aerodynamic force. The lift drag ratio can be enhanced by leading edge droop. An interesting feature is the indication of multiple-valued solution for realistic cambers, and points to existence of more than one pair of vortex separation systems. The method may be extended to include thickness effects, secondary vortices, vortex sheet seperations, planform effects, leading edge devices or extensions. (Author)


Since the promulgation of the Special Education Promotion Plan (2014-2016) in January 2014, the specific implementation plans have been successively formulated and implemented one after another in all provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions). By reading and studying the texts of the implementation plans of different provinces, it is found that the average public funds and subsidies for each student in the eastern region are higher than those in the central and western regions, and most provinces stipulate the use of special education funds, but the amount of special fund for employment security for the disabled in labor skills education is ambiguous and the inter-provincial differences are large, with unclear transportation subsidies, expansile funding sources and inefficient measures for raising funds in all provinces. After the analysis of panel data and questionnaire data, it is found that the special education funds and special subsidies for central special education have increased substantially in the national public finance budget; the special education funds in the public budget of the province and of the provincial level have also been increasing, with a large amount of increase in the central and western regions, particularly in the western region, but a low level overall; the inter-provincial difference of policy implementation is large, with significantly different living subsidies in different provinces. Keywords—special education; promotion plan; fund investment


While visual clinical impression is the standard of care for burn severity assessment, accuracy improves after the injury progresses, leading to patients waiting days for a diagnosis. Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging (SFDI) has shown the potential to assess burn grade as early as 24 hours post-burn. Here, we compared SFDI and Laser Speckle Imaging (LSI) at 24 and 72 hours after burn injury to clinical burn severity diagnosis. Three patients with burns ranging in severity were imaged. Both techniques showed an ability to categorize burn severity 24 hours after the initial injury, well before the outcome was determined by a clinician at 72 hours or later.


The paper explores the thesis that white-Black relations in America are essentially those of colonizer and colonized. The concept of colonization as a process is distinguished from colonialism as a social system in order to isolate the common features in the experience and situation of Afro-Americans and the colonial peoples. Three contemporary social movements are analyzed in this light: urban riots, cultural nationalism, and ghetto control politics. Some dilemmas within these movements are considered in terms of the ambiguities that exist when colonization has taken place outside of a colonial political context. The essay concludes with a brief discussion of the white role in ghettoization and decolonization.


With the development of big data and deep learning technology, the goal of creating an automatic human-machine dialog system is no longer an illusion. However, obtaining correct dialog label is very challenging due to expensive purchase cost and time cost. Through the transfer of knowledge, we proposed RC_DST which enables the dialog state tracking model to infer the state of dialog between different domains accurately and improves the accuracy in a new domain without or with a few of labeled data. In this paper, we utilizes XLNet which performs well in processing long texts to encode the dependency between the dialog context and slot semantics. Meanwhile, we expands machine reading comprehension to non-categorical and categorical slots in different ways. Extensive experiment results show that our method achieves competitive results in a new domain with zero samples compared with exclusive training data in this domain.


The role of enterprises in society is without doubt controversial nowadays due to the economic crisis. Although enterprises offer infrastructures, jobs, innovative solutions to local communities their primary goal is profit in order to be competitive and sustainable. This article examines the implementation of urban development projects under the CSR strategy and provides case studies of European enterprises that offered successful urban development projects in their local communities. There are certain elements that influence how an enterprise sets their CSR strategy and when it comes to urban development projects the characteristics of the city they operate play an important role along with the core CSR strategy of the company. In order to elaborate on the link between CSR and urban development and enhance the limited bibliography on this issue a theoretical framework is set with the elements needed for the enterprise to develop a successful project of urban development and a successful CSR activity and how finally the city absorbs this kind of CSR practices. There are many limitations also that enterprises face when try to develop such challenging projects. This article aims to designate on the importance of partnership and ethics and how CSR is a multi dimensional tool for cities to use for their benefit.


Recent years have seen a steady move from a hospital based psychiatric service into a community orien tated one. Mental health carers and psychiatrists need to be trained in order to be able to meet the changing demands placed upon them (Lancet, 1985). In 1968a Royal Commission on medical education suggested that every psychiatrist should be familiar with the conduct of community psychiatry (Freeman, 1985). However, the requirements for this training remained ill-defined and in September 1986 a Collegiate Trainees' Committee (CTC) Working


Multicomponent are becoming routinely used in seismology and they open new prospects for seismic tomography purposes. Especially, polarization observables are observables of choice for the seismic tomography. However, the polarization observables and their associated misfit functions used in geophysical literature are not optimal for tomography purposes. In this contribution, we propose to define a new kind of polarization misfit function based on an ``intrinsic'' distance in the polarisation states space. Then, the gradient of the proposed misfit function is computed by taking advantage of the adjoint state formalism and integrated in an existing full waveform inversion program. Finally, a numerical example is proposed to compare the results from the proposed polarization misfit function with the conventional L2 multicomponent cost-function and the polarization spectral ratios.


Wear rubber gloves. Mix coloured catalyst fully into the silicone. It sets up overnight. Silicone sticks to itself, so have vaseline handy when pouring the second half of the mold, to act as a mold release.


A method is presented for determining the free vibration frequencies of doubly curved, isotropic shallow shells under general edge conditions and is used to obtain accurate natural frequencies for wide range of geometric parameters. Based on the shallow shell theory applicable to thin thickness shells, a method of Ritz is extended to derive a frequency equation wherein the displacement functions are modified to accommodate arbitrary sets of edge conditions for both in-plane and out-of-plane motions. In numerical computation, convergence is tested against series terms and comparison study is made with existing results by other authors. Twenty one sets of frequency parameters are tabulated for a wide range of shell shape and curvature ratio to serve as data for future comparison and practical design purpose.


Background: Recent genome wide association studies have shown association between coronary artery disease (CAD) / myocardial infarction (MI) and common variation at locus 10q11 (8.1x10-9) downstrea...


The use of colonoscopy has been increasing in Australia. This case series describes management and outcomes of colonoscopic perforation managed by a single tertiary referral unit.


The present invention increases the preference degree by using a method of producing a seasoning sauce using blueberries and, more particularly, useful blueberry extract in health relates to a seasoning ribs using the same and to inhibit rancidity in the meat which can improve the functionality method of manufacturing a seasoning sauce and to condiments ribs using the same. Method of manufacturing a seasoning sauce using the blueberries according to the present invention by the addition of ginger, pineapple and ginseng in water garlic in a pulverized product pulverized in the first pulverization step and a first pulverization step for pulverizing the primary, onion, Japanese apricot, caramel was added and the liver, and blue to the mixture mixed in the mixing step, and a mixing step of adding and mixing the syrup, pepper and daetip powder in the second pulverization drive from the second milling step, and a second milling step for milling the second milling water hucheom include adding a berry extract.


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Whereas anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery is rather well known (Bland-White-Garland syndrome, ALCAPA), only a few cases have been described with anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ARCAPA).

A 12 year old patient was referred with …

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There are increasing calls in the science education community for 'science for citizenship' as an important goal for the school science curriculum of the 21st century. The potential influence of portrayals of science and scientists in popular culture on the achievement of this goal is explored in this paper through a review of the literature. We develop a framework of important questions citizens ask in considering personal and social decision making in relation to science and technology issues, and how portrayals of science and scientists might contribute to this decision making process.


In the absence of an indwelling arterial catheter, capillary blood gas sampling may be used to evaluate the acid/base and ventilation status of neonatal and pediatric patients with cardiorespiratory conditions. These guidelines were developed from a comprehensive review of the literature to provide guidance for the collection, handling, and interpretation of blood obtained from an arterialized capillary sample. Capillary and venous blood gas measurements are a useful alternative to arterial blood gas measurements for neonatal and pediatric patients who do not require close monitoring of PaO2. In the presence of alterations in body temperature, blood pressure, or peripheral perfusion, agreement between a capillary blood gas with an arterial sample is recommended to determine whether changes in these physiologic conditions reduce reliability. Perfusion to the sample site should be assessed and preference given to blood sampling from a well perfused site, and blood should be analyzed within 15 min of sampling to minimize the propensity for pre-analytical errors. Clinicians should consider re-collecting a blood sample, obtained from an artery, vein, or capillary, when the blood gas or analyte result interpretation does not align with the patient's clinical presentation. A pneumatic tube system can be reliably used to transport blood gas samples collected in a syringe and capillary tube to a clinical laboratory for analysis. To reduce the cumulative pain effect and risk of complications, the capillary puncture procedure should be minimized when possible. Non-pharmacologic interventions should be used to reduce pain associated with capillary blood gas sampling. Automatic lancets are preferred to puncture the skin for capillary blood gas collection.


An example of a high-level cyclone to the south of the maximum westerlies, with its entire life within the network of aerological observations of the Far East, is investigated. The conditions for the formation of such a high-level cyclone are found firstly to be a rapid intrusion, of cold air into the upper westerlies from the north and to lie in the dynamic instability of the upper tropospheric westerlies. The observational occurrence of negative absolute vorticity south of pronounced jet streams, in connection with the cuttingoff process of a low, is illustrated in the cross section and is reasoned by aa perceptible influence of the vertical motion in changing the vorticity about the vertical. It is also presented in terms of the height profiles of selected isobaric surface that in that case the upper low does not extend down to the lower level. The westerly displacement of the high-level cyclone is mainly dependent on the easterlies prevailing over the Japanese Islands above the level of the tropical tropopause. The thermal structure is studied in the vertical west-east cross section through the center of high-level cyclone. The outstanding example is the formation of an isolated island of warm air below the tropical tropopause through the descent over a cold cyclonic vortex. A new "false" tropopause is seen to form as the lower limit of such descent.


Large scale computing systems often consist of calculations which are repeated for many sets of input data. If the variance between the data sets is small, there may be portions of the computation which are not affected by the changes in the input values. The effort required for such systems can be reduced with efficient methods of recomputation.
The dissertation presents an approach for efficient recomputation over function graphs. A change to an input value of a computed function initiates a process of retraction along the data paths dependent on that input. The modified value is then released into the function graph, and the retracted portions of the graph are recomputed. The mechanism for retraction maintains functionality of output values and provides an efficient method of recomputation.
The mechanism is extended to include a new class of operators which provide provisional computation by initiating retractions wholly within a function graph. This extension addresses the problem of feedback cycles in a computation and provides an internal mechanism for detecting and breaking deadlock encountered during the execution of such cycles.
A retraction mechanism which allows efficient recomputation increases the usefullness of functional programming systems. The effort required to carry out the retraction is proportional to the number of arcs in the function graph. Allowing provisional computations expands the class of graphs which will produce results by allowing feedback cycles to be expressed naturally.


Honey bee colony decline in major parts of the world represents a severe risk to global food and nutritional security (Potts et al., 2010). This trend has been attributed to a plethora of biotic, abiotic and anthropogenic activities that directly or indirectly affect bee health negatively (Potts et al., 2010). Among the biotic factors, the invasive parasitic mite Varroa destructor is considered a major contributor via the direct (through hematophagy) and indirect (as an active vector of viruses and activator of the immune system) injuries it inflicts on honey bees (Rosenkranz, Aumeier, & Ziegelmann, 2010). As a result, the World Organization for Animal Health (2016) has designated the mite's presence outside its native host range as notifiable and thus, mandatory for all member countries. This has resulted in an increase in varroa notifications globally and more especially in Africa where the health status of bees remain largely unknown and are gaining scientific attention (Pirk, Strauss, Yusuf, Démares, & Human, 2016). Given the mite's recent report in Nigeria (Akinwande, Badejo, & Ogbogu, 2012; Dukku, & Vincent, 2017), we suspected its presence in Cameroon for which no empirical evidence exist and undertook this study to investigate its presence there. Honey bee colonies maintained in Kenya Top Bar (KTB) (n = 90), Cylindrical Indian Bamboo (CIB) (n = 24), Cylindrical Log (CL) (n = 9) and Cylindrical Grass (CG) (n = 1) hives at 15, 2, 1 and 1 localities respectively, were randomly selected and assessed for varroa presence. These major beekeeping locations were spread across various agro-ecological zones spanning 7 regions (north west, south west, west, centre, east, Adamawa and south) in Cameroon (Pamo, 2008) (Figure 1). Varroa presence was investigated using the sugar roll method (Dietemann et al., 2013). Approximately 300 worker bees were collected from the brood area of the comb for the sugar roll assay. All collected samples were preserved in 90% ethanol and their identity confirmed by morphometrics (based on the length and width of the dorsal shield) (Dietemann et al., 2013) and DNA barcoding to determine the varroa mite haplotype using a subset of 230 and 30 mites respectively. One additional mite sample from Kenya was subjected to DNA barcoding for comparison purposes. Mite counts in each hive types in the north west region only were compared using a negative binomial model (NB) and Wald test. Mite counts from KTB hives in the north west, south west, and east regions were treated in a like manner. Mite lengths and widths were subjected to ANOVA. All statistical analysis were conducted using R version 3.2.2 (R Core Team, 2015). Genomic DNA was extracted from each individual mite sample using the DNeasy 96 Blood & Tissue Kit (Qiagen, Germany) according to the manufacturer's instructions. A ~458 base-pair (bp) region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) of the extracted DNA was amplified using primer pairs COXF and COXR (Anderson & Fuchs, 1998). Amplification was performed in a 25 μl final reaction volume using the Mytaq HS Mix 2× (Bioline, UK) protocol with annealing at 45 ̊C. Amplicons were verified against a 100 bp Hyperladder (Bioline, UK) on a 2% agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide and Purified using the ExoSAP purification kit (USB, Cleveland, USA) adhering to the manufacturer's protocol. Sequencing of the purified products was outsourced to Inqaba Biotech (Pretoria, South Africa). The resulting sequences were edited, aligned and analyzed using MEGA version 6.0 (Tamura, Stecher, Peterson, Filipski, & Kumar, 2013). All the 19 locations in seven regions (Figure 1, Table 1) were positive for varroa, and showed significant differences among hive types (p < 0.05: KTB vs. CIB—Wald Chi-squared = 0.003, df = 1, p = 0.96; KTB vs. CL—Wald Chi-squared = 4.3, df = 1, p = 0.04; CIB vs. CL—Wald Chi-squared = 4.1, df = 1, p = 0.04) and regions (p < 0.05: NW vs. SW—Wald Chisquared = 7.6, df = 1, p = 0.01; NW vs. East—Wald Chi-squared = 2.2, df = 1, p = 0.13; SW vs. East—Wald Chi-squared = 1.9, df = 1, p = 0.16). Colony mite infestations varied from 0 to 115 (mean ± SE = 15. 1 ± 1.77) in


Drawing on multimodal, sound-based data, this study examines how high school students harnessed elements of sound and music for multicultural learning within collaborative research and radio podcasting. Data were collected from a variety of sources, including field notes, final media projects, and audio and video footage of students' collaborative media production processes and interviews. Findings reveal multivocal and divergent engagements in the sound editing process as well as multimodal struggles in which students leveraged sound to express nuanced views about racism, culture, and privilege. This study has implications for educators teaching multicultural perspectives and critical media literacy studies.


The present invention is an elongated, for example, essentially cylindrical element, in particular, provides an implantable fixation device for fixing the lead wire for the pacemaker in the tissue of a human or animal. Implantable fixing device is movable so as to mutually separating to surround tissue, the first gripper beaks of a pair of interconnected, together with the first beak, hinged around a common rotation point for the simultaneous opening and closing motion comprises a pair second fixed gripper beaks of having an open structure at an opposite end. The second gripper beaks the ends in the closed state is adapted to penetrate tissue, beak are provided with means for locking the beak closed. Furthermore, the present invention is used in combination with such fastening elements and the applicator, especially in such a fixture, the sleeve is intended to fix the lead wire of the pacemaker to the tissue of the human or animal It is provided.


AC(Address Compress) address mapping algorithm was presented and compared with traditional CAM(content-addressable memory) algorithm.Analytical result indicated that AC algorithm save memory more,on the term of VPI/VCI and continuous distribution value,AC algorithm is further suited to maintain ATM(Asynchronous Transfer Mode)high speed running.


This paper presents the design considerations, the simulation results, and the test results for a C-band klystron design with a 360-MHz instantaneous bandwidth, which was developed from March 2005 to June 2008. Five klystrons were built and tested. Over 800 kW peak output power with a 400-MHz instantaneous bandwidth (constant RF input drive over frequency) was measured at a 0.525% RF duty cycle. The measured electron beam-to-RF conversion efficiency is 30%, and the output power fluctuation over frequency is less than ±0.75 dB. The technological problems, including gain/power dip over frequency and low electron-beam transmission, are also discussed.


BACKGROUND: Vitiligo is an acquired, autoimmune melanocytic disorder characterized by circumscribed depigmented macules and patches. It affects approximately 0.5-2% of the general population worldwide. Many medical treatments have been attempted with partial success, but there has been no previous trial on the combination of topical 5-fluorouracil (5FU) 5% and clobetasol. METHODS: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the therapeutic efficacy of topical clobetasol (as a standard method for treatment of vitiligo) versus a combination of topical clobetasol plus 5FU. In this double-blind clinical trial study, 45 patients who had at least two vitiligo patches were treated with topical clobetasol on one side of the body, and with a combination of clobetasol and 5FU on the other side. Treatment was repeated every other day, once a day, for three months. At the end of the treatment, patients were visited again to be evaluated for the therapeutic efficacy of the drugs. RESULTS: Paired t-test revealed a significant improvement in both sides (the right side which was treated with 5-FU+clobetasol and the left side which was treated with clobetasol alone). Therefore, both drugs seem to have been effective in the improvement of vitiligo (p < 0.0001). Comparing the percentage of improvement in the lesion size, there was a statistical difference between the two groups (right side = 38.1 ± 4.3%, left side =24.2 ± 3.3%; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Adding topical 5FU to clobetasol increases its efficacy in treatment of vitiligo without significant side effects.


So sang Gilbert 50 years ago and so might some sing today with regard to triple rhythm, particularly, perhaps, physicians brought up before the days of modern analysis but not, let us hope, the student of today who has the opportunity to start aright. Triple rhythm signifies that three heart sounds can be heard instead of the usual two and therefore this term should not be used to include splitting of the first or second heart sounds nor for extra-cardiac sounds. The added sound of true triple rhythm falls during diastole. Copyright Royal Medical Society. All rights reserved. The copyright is retained by the author and the Royal Medical Society, except where explicitly otherwise stated. Scans have been produced by the Digital Imaging Unit at Edinburgh University Library. Res Medica is supported by the University of Edinburgh's Journal Hosting Service: http://journals.ed.ac.uk ISSN: 2051-7580 (Online) ISSN: 0482-3206 (Print) Res Medica is published by the Royal Medical Society, 5/5 Bristo Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9AL Res Medica, Autumn 1960, 2(3): 25-31 doi:10.2218/resmedica.v2i3.350 AUSCULTATION OF THE HEART


FIELD: food industry, tobacco. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a device for uneven transfer of the capsules used in the tobacco industry products made in the form of rods, in particular in cigarette filters. The device for uneven capsules stream transfer (2) in tobacco machines from receiving pockets (18) into outlet pockets (21) through the guide grooves disposed on the guide plates, comprising: the first (5) and the second (6) guide plates arranged one above the other, wherein the guide groove (5A) of the first guide plate (5) and the guide groove (6A) of the second guide plate (6) are intersected, forming at least one radially movable chamber guiding the capsules (2), wherein at least one of the two said guide plates (5, 6) is mounted movably, while the receiving pockets (18) and the outlet pockets (21) are arranged along the peripheral circle of the first and the second guide plates (5, 6), so that the angular distances (S1, S2) between the successive receiving pockets (18) and the angular distances (T1,T2) between the successive outlet pockets (21) are sequentially alternating. EFFECT: invention enables to design a device, feeding the capsule stream, wherein the stream of capsules in the form of a group of individual capsule streams, distributed along the first arc with the first radius, is transformed into an arcuate flow of separate capsules along the second arc with the second radius. 3 cl, 13 dwg


Nowadays, to improve power quality and power demand, several studies point to the use of Active Power Line Conditioners (APLCs) and Distributed Generation (DG), both based on power electronic devices. Considering various distributed power devices with cooperative operation, the strategies evaluation to compensate harmonics and correct power factor (PF) in Electric Power System (EPS) is only possible to be investigated by simulation. In this work, it is proposed a Power Hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) system for testing the APLCs operation. The proposed PHIL system can evaluate the performance of the APLC control strategies and EPS dynamic response under APLC operation. Furthermore, the same platform can be used to integrating DGs with the EPS as it also uses power electronic devices.


In [DKY], it was conjectured that there is a uniform bound $B$, depending only on the degree $d$, so that any pair of holomorphic maps $f, g :\mathbb{P}^1\to\mathbb{P}^1$ with degree $d$ will either share all of their preperiodic points or have at most $B$ in common. Here we show that this uniform bound holds for a Zariski open and dense set in the space of all pairs, $\mathrm{Rat}_d \times \mathrm{Rat}_d$, for each degree $d\geq 2$. The proof involves a combination of arithmetic intersection theory and complex-dynamical results, especially as developed recently by Gauthier-Vigny, Yuan-Zhang, and Mavraki-Schmidt. In addition, we present alternate proofs of recent results of DeMarco-Krieger-Ye and of Poineau. In fact we prove a generalization of a conjecture of Bogomolov-Fu-Tschinkel in a mixed setting of dynamical systems and elliptic curves.


Manufacturers can easily fall into the trap of assuming a sea of green lights on the shopfloor means everything is OK. However, harnessing data means even a green light can be improved upon


This chapter focuses on the linguistic and communicative features of linguafranca variations, starting from the general perspective of cross-cultural interactions, aimed to the exploration of more specific context concerning the selected corpus of migration movies. Such variations will be defined "scripted", since they stem from the authors' predictions of how lower-status, non-native speakers in interactions would attempt to authenticate the native varieties of the higher-status participants. Finally, this chapter also explores the notions of moves and acts in Conversation Analysis, in order to introduce a number of new moves identified in the examined scripts.


To the Editor.— The use of amiodarone hydrochloride for the treatment of tachyarrhythmias has been associated with the development of cutaneous pigmentation, and an article in the May 1984 issue of theArchivesdescribed an abnormal degree of lipofuscin deposition in histiocytes at the junction of the papillary and reticular dermis. Those autofluorescent pigments that are generally known as lipopigments vary in relation to several properties, including the characteristics of the autofluorescence emission spectrum from a region of pigment, and variations in these spectra have been used to distinguish lipofuscin pigment occurring in nondiseased tissue from ceroid pigment in certain diseases.2This letter describes characteristics of the emission spectra of the pigment in the patient who was the subject of the article in theArchives,1and the results are compared with those derived from lipopigments in both diseased and nondiseased tissue. Report of a Case.— Details of the


Based on the present development of knowledge economy and information society,the paper discusses various difficulties of university librarians in their professional career,and puts forward that,for university librarians to obtain relevant repay,not only university librarians shall improve their professional level,external conditions of library and library's constant development shall also be needed.


This paper presents a 5.5-6.5GHz multi-function circuit for phased array transceiver. It mainly consists a 6bit phase shifter(PS), a passive variable gain amplifiers(VGA), an active variable gain amplifier and three driver amplifiers for compensating the loss of PS and passive VGA. The receiver is implemented in 180nm CMOS process for low cost consideration. The circuit achieves root mean square(RMS) phase error of 0.4-1.6° over 5.5-6.5GHz, and 0.4-0.8° over 5-7GHz. The RMS gain error is < 0.2dB with 31.5dB control range in 0.5dB step. The 3dB bandwidth of the channel is 5.4-6.5GHz. The core area is only 500*600um, and the total DC power consumption is 160mw.


The present invention is a proton-conducting electrolyte membrane for small fuel cell retrieve a predetermined voltage thin and proton conductivity sufficiently high, its production method methanol permeability is sufficiently low proton conductive electrolyte membrane, and to provide a polymer electrolyte fuel cell using the proton-conducting electrolyte membrane. The proton conductive electrolyte membrane, the ceramic thin film substrate having a plurality of porous portions and the through hole, the porous section contains a proton-conductive polymer, electron-conductive material in the through hole characterized in that it contains a.


The IKKT matrix model was proposed to be a non-perturbative formulation of type IIB superstring theory. One of its important consistency criteria is that the leading one-loop $1/r^8$ effective interaction between a cluster of type IIB D-objects should not receive any corrections from higher loop effects for it to describe accurately the type IIB supergravity results. In analogy with the BFSS matrix model {\it versus} the eleven-dimensional supergravity example, we show in this work that the one-loop effective potential in the IKKT matrix model is also not renormalized at the two-loop order.


CH2SH radicals were produced by the reaction of F atoms with an excess of CH3SH and detected mass spectrometrically at m/e 47 using an electron energy of 9.5 eV. Rate constants for the reactions of CH2SH with the oxidants O2 (k1), O3 (k2) and NO2 (k3) at 298 K were determined by measuring the decay of the radical in the presence of excess oxidants. The following results were obtained:

The rate constant for the reaction (4) F + CH3SH products was determined to be k1 = (2.4 ± 0.4)·10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. The branching into the channels (4a) F + CH3SH CH2SH + HF and (4b) F + CH3SH CH3S + HF was investigated by using CD3SH, and k4a/k4 = 0.6 ± 0.1 was obtained.


The study of Portuguese, its domain and the manner it is taught in the classroom are provided through
the relationship to concepts and teachings of standard and non-standard Portuguese. Linguistic variations, linguistic
bias and the manner the Brazilian Curricular Guidelines deal with such variations are reported. New attitudes for
teachers of Portuguese are suggested, especially that of the teacher-researcher for new application forms and for
language usage in the classroom. This will certainly bring about students´ sympathy with regard to the study of the
language so that they would be critical and reflexive citizens vis-a-vis the language.


The morphological stability of polystyrene high-density polyethylene (PS/PE) blend is investigated in the region of dual-phase continuity. The effect of the addition of a triblock SEBS copolymer to the blends on the stability of these morphologies, is examined. The results show that the morphology of the unmodified blends changes from co-continuous to droplet matrix for PS-rich blends whereas the morphology of a 50/50 blend maintains continuity but coarsened significantly upon annealing at 200°C. In the presence of the copolymer, these morphologies are much more stable. Selective solvent extraction of polystyrene in di-ethyl ether reveals that the level of PS continuity in the 50/50 blend is higher for the unmodified system than for the modified one. Upon annealing, the level of PS continuity significantly increases for the unmodified 50/50 PS/PE blend. The effect of the copolymer content in the blend on the interfacial tension between the two components is also investigated using the breaking thread method. The interfacial tension is found to be reduced from 5.6 to 1.1 mN/m by the addition of 20 parts of the copolymer to the blend. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Antibiotics (AB) are widely used to limit infectious complications after caesarean section (CS), the most common surgery in Belgian bovine veterinary practice. Most vets administer AB, mainly benzylpenicillin procaine suspension (BPG), during or after CS. However, to maximise their efficiency, AB should be administered preoperatively, and result in plasma concentrations above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) throughout the surgery. We aimed to determine the time after intramuscular (IM) injection of BPG necessary to reach sufficient plasma concentrations, in order to rationalize prophylactic AB use in CS. Twelve non-pregnant Belgian blue cows received an IM injection of BPG (21000 IU/kg). Blood samples were collected in heparinized tubes from a jugular catheter at -15, 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 240 and 480 minutes relative to injection, centrifuged and stored at -80°C. Plasma BPG concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Although MIC depends on the AB molecule and the germ, plasma BPG levels of 500 ng/mL are generally considered to inhibit the majority of bacteria encountered during CS. At 15 minutes after injection, plasma BPG levels were 668 ± 255 ng/ml (374 to 898 ng/ml), exceeded 500 ng/mL in 8/12 cows, and were close to 500 ng/mL in the other 4/12 cows. Plasma BPG concentrations reached a maximum of 1495±629 ng/ml (919 to 2882 ng/ml) at 60 to 240 minutes after injection, and remained elevated until 480 minutes after injection (1002 ± 323 ng/ml; 667 1642 ng/ml). In conclusion, IM injection of BPG 15 minutes before CS is sufficient to reach satisfactory BPG concentrations from the beginning to the end of surgery.


CONSISTENCY ANALYSIS FOR DETERMINATION OF AYURVEDIC DOSHAS USING PREVALENT QUESTIONNAIRES Mandeep Singh1 and Anil Anand2 1,2Department of Electrical & Instrumentation Engineering, Thapar University, Patiala, India. E-mails: firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com This paper introduces concept of Ayurveda, the three Ayurvedic doshas and consistency analysis for determination of Ayurvedic doshas using prevalent questionnaires. The need of this analysis arises from the fact that no standard questionnaire is available as such. In this study we have collected five different questionnaires from various possible practical sources which are helpful in finding the three doshas present in human body. Each set of these questionnaires are given to 100 subjects. After collection of this data, Root Mean Square Difference (RMSD) between each possible pair of questionnaire is calculated for 12 subjects. In this study we find that the RMSD between the results obtained by all of these questionnaires is more than 5% in all the cases. In some cases, it even exceeds 10%. This may seriously hamper the treatment to be prescribed. It is therefore proposed that Principal Component Analysis (PCA) be applied on the collected data of 100 subjects for further investigations.


It has been suggested that a huge amount of baryon resides in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) extending out to the virial radii of galaxies. In this work we attempt to measure the baryon mass in the CGM with a novel method based on the gamma-ray observations of the extended halo of the Andromeda galaxy Messier 31 (M31). Since cosmic-ray particles generated inside the galaxy will eventually escape to the CGM, they will produce gamma-ray emission via the proton–proton collision with the CGM and produce gamma-rays. Different from some traditional measurements that are sensitive only to certain metallic ions in specific temperature range, the hadronic gamma-ray flux is sensitive to baryonic gases in all phases and does not rely on the metallicity in the halo, hence the measured gamma-ray flux from the galaxy's halo can be used to constrain the mass of the CGM. By dealing with the cosmic-ray transport in the halo and calculating the hadronic gamma-ray intensity, we find that the total baryon mass contained within the virial radius is less than (1.4–5) × 1010 M ⊙ according to the gamma-ray intensity obtained with a model-dependent analysis. It implies that the CGM of Andromeda galaxy may not account for more than 30% of the missing baryons, but the result is subject to uncertainties from the gamma-ray intensity upper limit, diffusion coefficient of the cosmic-rays in the halo, as well as the stellar mass and dark matter halo mass of the galaxy. This method will become more constraining provided better understandings on these issues and more sensitive gamma-ray telescopes in the future.


SUMMARY Barkidconquest of Ancient Spain is related focusing the political, social and econoniic background as well as the contemporaneouscarthaginian interest in colonisation, explotation of economicand human resources, administrativecontrol and political manipulation, with special stress in monetary and territorial implantationpolities.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the current use of topic maps in the library field, how they might be integrated into the ILS structure and some of the inherent challenges in trying to transform MARC data.Design/methodology/approach – A review of available literature was conducted as well as e‐mail interviews with researchers and vendors in the field. An introduction to some of the basic concepts quickly leads into a recap of some of the possibilities that have been tried with this technology in the library field. Specific examples of the use of the XML standard XTM are given as well as some theoretical possibilities discussed. Finally some thought is given to where this technology will fit into the ILS.Findings – The paper finds that more work needs to be done by vendors and libraries in structuring data to allow for easier transformation.Research limitations/implications – This study was a limited overview. The lack of training materials and software make topics maps hav...


traumatic injuries, such as other fractures, or head, chest and abdominal trauma [5]. The classification of femoral neck fractures is based on the degree of displacement. Most are subcapital intra-articular fractures. The two main classification systems in use were devised by Pauwel in 1930 and Garden in 1961. Pauwel's classification is based on the angle of femoral neck fracture relative to the horizontal axis, as follows: type I 50 degrees. A type I femoral neck fracture is more stable due to the compressive forces that predominate. Type II and mainly type III femoral neck fractures are more vertically oriented and more unstable, resulting in increased shear force, varus moment and instability. Type III fractures are seen more frequently in young adults; achieving fixation is more difficult and they have a higher risk of fixation failure, mal-union, non-union and osteonecrosis [3]. The Garden classification F emoral neck fractures are usually observed in the elderly population after a simple fall or minor trauma [1]. Most of these patients are over 65 years old with poor bone quality and progressive osteoporosis. The independence and quality of life in the aged individual is adversely affected following such fractures. In contrast, in young adults, femoral neck fractures are uncommon (about 2–3% of all femoral neck fractures) and are often due to highenergy trauma caused by road traffic injuries, work injuries, or fall from a height [2-4]. Patients often present with multiple is based on the degree of displacement of the femoral head (Garden I = incomplete fracture of the femoral head with valgus impaction, Garden II = non-displaced complete fracture of the femoral neck, Garden III = complete fracture with partial displacement of the femoral head, Garden IV = complete fracture with complete displacement of the femoral head). The unstable fractures – namely Pauwel type III or Garden types III and IV – are seen in young adults more frequently; achieving stable fixation is more difficult and they have a higher risk of fixation failure, mal-union, non-union and osteonecrosis [3,6,7]. The surgical management of femoral neck fractures comprises various options: a) closed or open reduction with internal fixation of the fracture, b) hemiarthroplasty by hip arthrotomy, c) removal of the fractured head and its replacement by an implant, or d) removal of the fractured head and total hip arthroplasty [Figure 1]. femoral neck fracture, subcapital femoral fracture, total hip replacement, young adults, cannulated screw, bipolar femoral prosthesis


We performed a numerical study to train smart inertial particles to target specific flow regions with high vorticity through the use of reinforcement learning algorithms. The particles are able to actively change their size to modify their inertia and density. In short, using local measurements of the flow vorticity, the smart particle explores the interplay between its choices of size and its dynamical behaviour in the flow environment. This allows it to accumulate experience and learn approximately optimal strategies of how to modulate its size in order to reach the target high-vorticity regions. We consider flows with different complexities: a two-dimensional stationary Taylor-Green like configuration, a two-dimensional time-dependent flow, and finally a three-dimensional flow given by the stationary Arnold-Beltrami-Childress helical flow. We show that smart particles are able to learn how to reach extremely intense vortical structures in all the tackled cases.


2'-O-Tetrahydrofuranyl nucleosides were prepared by an improved procedure via 3', 5'-tetraisopropyldisiloxanylnucleosides. A large scale synthesis of the anticodon heptanucleotide C-U-C-A-U-A-A of E. coli formylmethionine tRNA was performed by the phosphotriester method involving condensation of oligonucleotides having 2'-O-tetrahydrofuranyl protecting groups.


The study on the biomass and bio-coal characteristics in term of its mechanical
properties, coal hardness and the effect of the pyrolisis pressing process over the coal
and its structure is the main issue in this study. In this repot, the type of technologies and
the advantages of each of it have been explained and classified to their satisfaction. The
explanation of the characteristics and the substances of the saw dust which had been
used as the specimen in this studies and the characteristics of the bio-coal produce from
the pyrolisis pressing process have been describe how the pyrolisis process were done in
term of bio-coal changes and carbonizations process to produce the suitable coal that to
be use as a bio-fuel. This study were completing the development, design and
fabrication aspects of the test rig that will be used for this experiment. Piston press
method which were pressed using the hydraulic machine presser were practicable where
the biomass will be pressing into the reactor while being heating by the external heater
to the temperature at 180 - 200 °C, at 10 - 15 bar, to obtained the desired coal which
fulfill the bio-fuel characteristics as the alternative fuel.


Regenerative wavelength conversion at 80 Gbps with a negative power penalty of 2dB at 10/sup -9/ BER is demonstrated using cross phase modulation (XPM) enhanced by Raman gain in 1Km of highly-nonlinear-dispersion-shifted fiber.


Data-Link is a new style means of digital communication based on CNS/ATM concept,which is a major way to implement realtime communicating between ground network and aircraft.Based on aircraft A300-600ST,this thesis develops a feasible modification proposal on VHF communication systems for adapting to new generation Data-Link requirements.Through safety reliability analysis,it successfully locates the modification as a MINOR,and remarkably reduces its cost.This design has been adopted by airbus.ATI,which can be taken as a reference for other old types.


This paper presents a novel approach that applies WiFi-based IQ data and time–frequency images to classify human activities automatically and accurately. The proposed strategy first uses the Choi–Williams distribution transform and the Margenau–Hill spectrogram transform to obtain the time–frequency images, followed by the offset and principal component analysis (PCA) feature extraction. The offset features were extracted from the IQ data and several spectra with maximum energy values in the time domain, and the PCA features were extracted via the whole images and several image slices on them with rich unit information. Finally, a traditional supervised learning classifier was used to label various activities. With twelve-thousand experimental samples from four categories of WiFi signals, the experimental data validated our proposed method. The results showed that our method was more robust to varying image slices or PCA numbers over the measured dataset. Our method with the random forest (RF) classifier surpassed the method with alternative classifiers on classification performance and finally obtained a 91.78% average sensitivity, 91.74% average precision, 91.73% average F1-score, 97.26% average specificity, and 95.89% average accuracy.


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