AEP (Auditory Evoked Potential) and EEG were studied with 20 patients undergoing hemodialysis (dialyzed group, 41~65 y. o.), consisted of non-diabetic group (13 with chronic glomerulonephritis) and diabetic group (7 with diabetic nephropathy), comparing with those of 20 healthy subjects (normal group, 38~66 y. o.). EEGs containing AEPs evoked by click stimulation were recorded with 1024 msec of analysis time through the two derivations (3 CH : Cz→A1+2 and 6CH : Cz→T5). The group-mean AEPs were obtained with each group, and compared with each other, and then the differences of latencies and peak-to-peak amplitudes of the components were tested statistically between the groups.
The EEGs were subjected to the quantitative frequency analysis. Correlation coefficients were tested statistically between the latencies, peak-to-peak amplitudes of AEP components and EEG power %, and between those and blood data. The following results were obtained.
1. The waveforms of group-mean AEP of normal group had hexaphasic contour, consisted of components P1~8 and N1~8, including the prominent negative peak N4 and positive peak P5, within 600 msec of latency.
2. The group-mean AEP of non-diabetic group had similar contour to that of normal group. Latencies of the components were significantly longer except for that of P5, and peak-to-peak amplitudes were mostly larger, than those of normal group.
3. The group-mean AEP of diabetic group had also similar contour to that of normal group, but the prominent negative peak was N3. Latencies of the components were significantly longer except for that of P5, and peak-to-peak amplitudes were smaller, than those of normal group.
4. The latencies of the diabetic group were significantly shorter, and the peak-to-peak amplitudes were also smaller, than those of non-diabetic group.
5. Quantitative frequency analysis of EEG resulted in significant decrease of α2 power% and increase of β1 power % in non-diabetic group, and significant decrease of β1 power % in diabetic group.
6. Positive correlation was found between δ power % of EEG and the latencies of long-latency components of AEP, and negative correlation between α1, α2, β2 power % and the latencies of middle-long-latency components. Between peak-to-peak amplitudes of AEP, negative correlation was found with δ power %, and positive correlation with β1 power %.
7. Between AEP-latencies, the positive correlation was found with Cr (creatinine) and K (potassium), negative correlation with P (phosphorus). Between AEP-amplitudes, positive correlation was found with BUN and P, and negative correlation with Cr and calcium.
These results were considered to be attributed to the more prominent inhibition of GABA-inhibitory system in gray matter in non-diabetics, and to severe disturbances in both white and gray matter in diabetics, reflecting antagonistic influences from pathological condition between non-diabetics (uremia) and diabetic nephropathy.


Network language is humorous,vivid and full of catchwords.But there is a lot of irregularity in network language due to its casual use which has a negative effect on young netizen.So it is urgent to standardize the network language.


We consider a zero-order diffraction metallic grating having two subwavelength rectangular slits per period. The electromagnetic behavior of this system is studied theoretically in the resonance spectral domain of the cavities. We show that, by choosing judicious opto-geometrical parameters, we can perform the selective excitation of one or the other category of cavities with a very appreciable quality factor, illustrating then a switch effect. The results open the way to the quantitative light addressing on passive metallic micro/nano-structures. In particular, for transmitting gratings, we can force light to cross each subwavelength channel doublet through a determined aperture, reconsidering in some extent the Young's slits experiment.


This paper presents an overview of the Interactive Analysis System for ISOCAM (CIA). With this system ISOCAM data can be analysed for calibration and engineering purposes, the ISOCAM pipeline software validated and refined, and astronomical data processing can be performed. The system is mainly IDL-based but contains fortran, C, and C++ parts for special tasks. It represents an effort of 15 manyears and is comprised of over 1000 IDL and 200 fortran, C, and C++ modules. 1CIA is a joint development by the ESA Astrophysics Division and the ISOCAM Consortium led by the ISOCAM PI, C. Cesarsky, Direction des Sciences de la Matiere, C.E.A., France.


The design methodology and realization of nanocomposite films aiming for mechanical (superhardness, toughness) and functional (optical, microelectronic) properties were discussed in this paper. Superhard TiCrCN and nc-TiN/a-SiNx films and super-tough nc-TiC/a-C(Al) films were prepared through co-sputtering method by optimal design of microstructure. The nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) passivated with a matrix of thermally grown silicon dioxide were prepared using implantation of Si into SiO2 film, and showed improved photoluminescence and optical properties. Also discussed is the nano-composite design of thin film resistor with optimized temperature coefficient of resistivity.


While market is a social field where information flows over the interacting agents, there have been not so many methods to observe the spreading information in the prices comprising the market. By incorporating the entropy transfer in information theory in its relation to the Granger causality, the paper proposes a tree of weighted directed graph of market to detect the changes of price might affect other price changes. We compare the proposed analysis with the similar tree representation built from the correlation coefficients of stock prices in order to have insight of possibility in seeing the collective behavior of the market in general.


To address the problem of insufficient representational capability and lack of online update of the Fully-convolutional Siamese Network (SiamFC) tracker in complex scenes, this paper proposes a siamese network visual tracking algorithm based on GCT attention and dual-template update mechanism. First, the feature extraction network is constructed by replacing AlexNet with the VGG16 network and SoftPool is used to replace the maximum pooling layer. Secondly, the attention module is added after the backbone network to enhance the network's ability to extract object features. Finally, a dual-template update mechanism is designed for response map fusion. Average Peak-to-Correlation Energy (APCE) is used to determine whether to update the dynamic templates, effectively improving the tracking robustness. The proposed algorithm is trained on the Got-10k dataset and tested on the OTB2015 and VOT2018 datasets. The experimental results show that, compared with SiamFC, the success rate and accuracy reach 0.663 and 0.891 on the OTB2015, which improve respectively 7.6% and 11.9%; On the VOT2018 dataset, the tracking accuracy, robustness and EAO are improved respectively by 2.9%, 29% and 14%. The proposed algorithm achieves high tracking accuracy in complex scenes and the tracking speed reaches 52.6 Fps, which meets the real-time tracking requirements.


The article deals with the results of the study of technological properties of multicomponent medical plant raw material, which consists of a mixture of valerian rhizomes and roots, cockspur fruits, peppermint leaves, hop knops and extracted plant material. The calculations of an optimal balance of raw material : extractant and extractant volume, which remains in discharge medicinal plant raw material after the stage of the finished extract are given, optimal parameters of the process of return the extractant from the extraction cake are studied.


The last decade of the millennium has seen rapid progress in the development of learning technologies, giving hope to many that we may be approaching the realisation of a vision of an educational landscape in which education providers form virtual partnerships to deliver distributed provision. A landscape in which learners sharing the same learning programme can do so across fading boundaries of time and space.


............................................................................................................................. ii Dedication .......................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................ vi Vita ..................................................................................................................................... x List of Tables ................................................................................................................ xviii List of Figures ................................................................................................................. xix List of Equations...................................................................................xxii Chapter 1 : Introduction .................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background .......................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Theoretical Significance ....................................................................................... 3 1.3 Study Sample........................................................................................................ 6 1.4 Expected Outcomes and Hypotheses ................................................................... 7 1.5 Organization of Dissertation ................................................................................ 9 Chapter 2 : Biocultural Context .................................................................................... 11 2.1 An Overview of Poland between AD 100 and 1400 .......................................... 11 2.2 Early Poland: The Wielbark Culture .................................................................. 13 2.3 Pre-State Poland in Late Antiquity..................................................................... 16


The objective of this paper is to present an innovative method of risk assessment for tourism businesses. The contribution to literature is the novelty of this method of following paths: is an ante-factum assessment not post-factum; risk assessment is based on perception rather than results; is based on specific risks tourism enterprises not on the overall risks. Is an asset-research methodology and consists in generating its own method of risk assessment based on the ideas summarized from the literature studied. The aim established is tourism enterprises from Romania. The data necessary for the application of this method will result from applying to top level management of tourism enterprises, a questionnaire about risk perception. The results from this study will help identify and measure the risks specific to tourism enterprises. The applicability of the results is to improve risk management in these enterprises.


Yangling's environmental sanitation is very important to its development,and has close relations to the people's health and living standard.An investigation of its environmental sanitation was made through distribution of questionnaires.The content include garbage pollution in streets,quality of drinking water,virescence area,noise pollution and so on.Through this investigation it is found that the base of Yangling's environmental sanitation is good,but there have lots of problems need to be solved.The government must improve its efficiency.In a word,the environment need all of us to improve.When we ask for higher environmental quality we must protect our environment with higher consciousness.


We study nonlinear evolutions of binary black hole mergers, uncovering power-law contributions generated by the long-range behaviour of the highly-curved dynamical spacetime. The result is achieved by exploiting the strong increase of the tail relevance due to binary eccentricity, recently observed in perturbative evolutions of a small-mass-ratio binary under accurate radiation reaction by Albanesi and collaborators [PhysRevD.108.084037]. We demonstrate the presence of this enhancement even in the nonlinear case of comparable-mass binary mergers in eccentric orbits, using the public RIT waveform catalog. The instantaneous frequency of the simulations displays large oscillations at intermediate to late-times, due to interference terms in the transition between a fast-decaying, constant-frequency quasinormal-mode driven regime, and a power-law, slowly-decaying one. The power-law exponent displays broad convergence with perturbative predictions, although longer and more accurate simulations will be needed to pinpoint the asymptotic value. Our results offer yet another confirmation of the highly predictive power of black hole perturbation theory in the presence of a source, even when applied to nonlinear solutions. The magnitude of the tail signal is within reach of gravitational-wave detectors measurements, unlocking the possibility of observationally investigating an additional set of general relativistic predictions on the long-range dynamics of relaxing compact objects.


Online news and newspaper headlines use catchy phrases or statements to tempt the readers to read a particular article. These are called clickbaits, which can often be misleading. The information provided is just enough to arouse the curiosity among the readers which later leads to bad user experience. Apart from being misleading these can instigate many activities unfit for the society. They lead to user dissatisfaction and increase in mistrust in the journalism process. This is the need of the hour to detect these clickbaits precisely and there are several machine learning methods being used to do so. Our approach uses a deep learning method using Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) to identify the clickbaits in the given dataset. Built upon that is an application that can be used to distinguish between a clickbait and a non-clickbait headline and a list of news articles that the user can rate as in a range from clickbait to useful which will help the model learn better. Our improvised model gave us an accuracy of 89%. Clickbait is different from spam and fake content on the web, more research work is being done to identify low quality content.


Load balancing using clustering can increase network scalability. This paper attempting to apply efficient techniques of load, energy and security such that network life can be increased with security and also its reliability. Continuous aggregation is required in sensor applications to obtain the temporal variation information of aggregates. It helps the users to understand how the environment changes over time and track real time measurements for trend analysis. Due to the high frequency and the long period of a continuous aggregation in every epoch, the false temporal variation pattern would incur a great communication cost. In this paper, we propose a clustering technique which will balance the load among the cluster by using some backup nodes. In the continuous aggregation, the attacker could manipulate a series of aggregation results through compromised nodes to fabricate false temporal variation patterns of the aggregates .We detect and verify a false temporal variations pattern by checking only a small part of aggregation results to reduces a verification cost. A sampling based approach is used to check the aggregation results and we also proposed a security mechanisms to protect the sampling process. © 2015 Elixir All rights reserved. ARTICLE INFO Article history: Received: 21 January 2015; Received in revised form: 19 June 2015; Accepted: 29 June 2015;


Cyber foraging seeks to expand the capabilities and battery life of mobile devices by offloading intensive computations to nearby computing nodes (the surrogates). Although promising, current approaches to cyber foraging tend to impose a strict separation between the application state maintained on the mobile device, and data processed on the surrogates. In this paper, we argue that this separation limits the applicability of cyber foraging, and explore how state sharing could be implemented in practice.


THE intention behind biennial art exhibitions is for different countries to present and share their native culture and to learn about that of others. Since it began in 1895,the International Art Biennale has been a main medium for international cultural exchange.


【The Mesozoic Geumsan granitic rocks of various composition are distributed in the Geumsan district, the central part of the Ogcheon Fold Belt. About 40 ore deposits of $CaF_2{\pm}Au{\pm}Ag{\pm}Cu{\pm}Pb{\pm}Zn$ are widely distributed in this district and are believed to be genetically related to the granitic rocks. Based on their petrography and geochemistry, the granitic rocks in this district can be classified into two groups ; the Group I( equigranular leucocratic granite, porphyritic biotite granite, porphyritic pink-feldspar granite, seriate leucocratic granite) and the Group II(seriate pinkfeldspar granite, equigranular alkali-feldspar granite, equigranular pink-feldspar granite, miarolitic pink-feldspar granite, equigranular biotite granite). Interpreted from their isotopic dating data and geochemical characteristics, the Group I and the Group II are inferred to be emplaced during the Jurassic(~184Ma), and the Cretaceous to the early Tertiary period(~59Ma), respectively. Both Group I and Group II generally belong to magnetite-series granitoids. The Cretaceous granitic rocks of Group II are more highly evolved than those of the Jurassic Group I. The Rb-Sr variation diagram suggests that the granitic rocks of the Jurassic Group I and of the Cretaceous Group II be evolved mainly during the processes of fractional crystallization and partial melting, respectively.】


<italic>Objective:</italic> In obstructive sleep apnea patients on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment there is growing evidence for a significant impact of the type of mask on the residual apnea-hypopnea index (rAHI). Here, we propose a method for automatically classifying the impact of mask changes on rAHI. <italic>Methods:</italic> From a CPAP telemonitoring database of 3,581 patients, an interrupted time series design was applied to rAHI time series at a patient level to compare the observed rAHI after a mask-change with what would have occurred without the mask-change. rAHI time series before mask changes were modelled using different approaches. Mask changes were classified as: no effect, harmful, beneficial. The best model was chosen based on goodness-of-fit metrics and comparison with blinded classification by an experienced respiratory physician. <italic>Results:</italic> Bayesian structural time series with synthetic controls was the best approach in terms of agreement with the physician.s classification, with an accuracy of 0.79. Changes from nasal to facial mask were more often harmful than beneficial: <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$13.4\%\; {\rm vs}\; 7.6\% $</tex-math></inline-formula> (p-value < 0.05), with a clinically relevant increase in average rAHI greater than 8 events/hour in <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4.6\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> of cases. Changes from facial to nasal mask were less often harmful: <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$6.0\%\; {\rm vs}\; 11.4\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> (p-value < 0.05). <italic>Conclusion:</italic> We propose an end-to-end method to automatically classify the impact of mask changes over fourteen days after a switchover. <italic>Significance:</italic> The proposed automated analysis of the impact of changes in health device settings or accessories presents a novel tool to include in remote monitoring platforms for raising alerts after harmful interventions.


Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio as a Function of Imaging Parameters (Azim Celik, General Electric Company, Milwaukee, Wisconsin and Weili Lin, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina). The degree to which noise affects a measurement is generally characterized by the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR, as measured by the ratio of the voxel signal to the noise standard deviation). This unit describes the importance of SNR in describing image quality. SNR is the key parameter for determining the quality of any given imaging experiment. If the SNR is not high enough, it becomes impossible to differentiate tissues from one another or the background. The dependence of SNR on imaging parameters such as the number of repetitions, the number of k‐space samples (Nx, Ny, and Nz), the readout bandwidth, and voxel dimensions (Dx, Dy, and Dz) is explained in detail.


Every year above 15 million trees are cut down for various purposes. In which around 8 million trees are only cut down for paper production. This number is increasing every year which is causing climate calamities, disappearance of wildlife, emission of greenhouse gases, soil erosion, etc. We can't stop the use of paper, but we can find an alternative for making of it. Every year tons of onion waste are produced worldwide in which outer onion skin contributes up to 70% of this waste. This waste can cause environmental problems when not properly treated.  In this paper, an attempt has made for production of paper using onion peels. For the pulping of onion skin soda process has been used. Paper produced was light and white and can be used for decorative purposes.


Combined with the production practice,the sample of the fractured slab was analyzed by the spectrum,low magnification,scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum.the analysis results are as follows: the internal crack of slab is directly causes of steel 45 horizontal brittle fracture,while too fast cooling rate to a big slab of internal stress or contraction of a larger mechanical external force during the process of being lifted is the main external causes of horizontal slab brittle fracture;At the same time,the impact on columnar crystal growth by uneven secondary cooling,and segregation,porosity and enriched inclusions of the elements caused by it are the main reasons of internal cracks of slab.


The accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (NPP) in Ukraine on 26 April 1986 resulted in a significant release of radioactivity to the atmosphere, particularly of Iodine-131 (131I), with the greatest contamination occurring in Belarus, Ukraine, and western part of Russia. Increase in thyroid cancer and other thyroid diseases incidence in exposed population in these counties was the main health consequence of Chernobyl accident. Therefore, much attention was paid to the thyroid doses, mainly due to the 131I intake with foodstuffs during two months after the accident. This paper reviews the thyroid doses received by the population of the affected countries, both individual doses for subjects of radiation epidemiological studies and average doses for the population. Individual thyroid doses due to 131I intake varied up to 42 Gy and depended on the age of the person, region of residence at the time of the accident and cow's milk consumption habits. The populationaverage thyroid doses among young children reached 0.75 Gy in the most contaminated area, Gomel Oblast, in Belarus. Intake of 131I was the main exposure pathway to the thyroid gland: its average contribution to the thyroid dose was more than 90 %. In addition to exposure from 131I, the intake of short-lived radioiodine (132I, 133I, 135I) and radiotellurium (131mTe, 132Te) isotopes, external irradiation from gamma-emitting radionuclides deposited on the ground, and 134Cs, 137Cs ingestion contributed to the thyroid doses, typically, not more than 10 %. Uncertainties associated with dose estimates, in terms of mean geometric standard deviation of individual stochastic doses, varied in range from 1.6 for doses based on individual-radiation measurements to 2.6 for 'modelled' doses. From a radiological point of view, 131I was the most important radionuclide that caused radiation exposure to the thyroid gland after the Chernobyl accident and an increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer and other thyroid diseases among the exposed population.


A total of 58 (24 MM , 34 VV ) Lacerta viridis specimens, which were collected from Turkish Thrace and the Black Sea region of Anatolia, were evaluated serologically. The analyses support the view that a single race of L. viridis (L. v. meridionalis) inhabits Turkey.


Project management has become popular in the business community due to its impact on our economy. Companies that use project management have adopted different methods to control the cost of a project. Several different solution approaches have also been developed to facilitate the decision-making in project management with regard to project cost control.

 A technique called "Critical Path Method (CPM)" was developed in late 1950's. Since then time/cost trade-offs in project management has become an extensive research subject. Time-cost tradeoff analysis attempts to find the optimal strategies in the selection of project activities to "crash" (a terminology used in project management equivalent to "shorten") their activity times and to determine the number of time units each selected project activity should be crashed, so that the total cost can be minimized. The technique is also often referred to as the "Time/Cost Crashing Strategies".

 This thesis conducts a research on the study of time/cost trade-offs subject to the situation when there is a penalty attached to the delayed project completion time. It is obvious that, without considering the damage of reputation, penalty should be compared with the cost of crashing project activities. Financially, it is more advantageous to take the penalty if the penalty is lower than the crash cost at a certain stage. Our research will develop a solution approach to address this situation. Based on this, we further developed a prototype software called "PENCOS" that links the Excel and LINGO to solve the time/cost trade-offs problems with penalty consideration.


Strategic management is an extremely complex process of monitoring and collecting all relevant information on different internal and external critical success factors, which affect or may affect the operations of a company. On the other hand, all collected information should be adequately processed and presented, in order to reach managerial quality. For strategic decision making, it is not sufficient to obtain relevant representative information and indicators, which give insight into the existing business environment and the current strength of the company, because the choice of future development strategies is often directly connected to intuition, assessment and personal reasoning of decision makers. Expert knowledge is often unavailable at the time when it is required to solve complex problems, because there are only a few people in each company who are considered experts and they are often too busy. The appointment of other experts for each complex strategic problem is in most cases expensive and irrational, if not impossible. Therefore, the use of expert knowledge in the form of expert systems is a considerably cheaper, more rational and more accessible way of solving problems in the field of strategic management.


Transport of a solute through semipermeable membranes of secondary cellulose acetate is dependent both upon its capacity for hydrogen bonding with boung water and upon steric factors. The rate of transport of water is influenced by Gibbs adsorption of solute.


Of what value is a restoration if the result is a pulp-involved, sensitive tooth? Steps for assuring pulp protection are listed.


Cellulose wastes were hydrolyzed with Cellusoft L and Suhong Cellish L in this work. The main factors of enzymatic hydrolysis are temperature, pH, trace element, and substrate concentration. In consideration of the four factors and three levels, we designed an orthogonality experiment table. The influences of time and different materials on enzymatic hydrolysis were also discussed.


In this work we propose an approach for the application of a fuzzy temporal constraint model to intelligent patient monitoring tasks. After analyzing the requirements of the domain, we describe the approach that was followed in order to represent temporal information and solve queries on temporal relations. These processes require the cooperation of a temporal specialist with the domain reasoning mechanisms. The integration solution presented here corresponds to a stage of the implementation of FRESH, a tool for the development of intelligent monitoring systems for dynamic environments.


Background IgG4 related disease (IgG4-RD) is a multi-organ involvement, fibro-inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. Both innate and adaptive immunity played vital roles in the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) had major roles in antigen presentation and secreting IFN-a upon infection. However, the characteristics and relevant function of this cell population in IgG4-RD was poorly understood. So we aim to study the expression and function of pDC in IgG4-RD. Objectives To study the expression and function of Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in IgG4-RD Methods Flow cytometry was performed to analyse the expression of pDC cells in untreated IgG4-RD patients (n=12) and healthy controls (n=12). The immunehistochemeistry technique was used to assess the location of pDC in the involved tissues of IgG4-RD patients. Furthermore, by cells culture in vitro, the abilities of pDC secreting INF-α and the activation of NF-kB signal in IgG4-RD were explored. Results The frequencies of pDC in the IgG4-RD patients were significantly higher in the peripheral blood and involved tissues compared with healthy controls. The cell surface marker of CCR7 in pDC was lower in untreated IgG4-RD patients, but after treatment, the expression of CCR7 increased. There was on significance of the expression of pDC maturation marker (CD83), activation marker (CD80, CD86), CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, CCR8, CCR9, CCR10, CXCR2, CXCR3 and CX3CR1 compared with healthy controls. Interestingly, the frequencies of CD123hiCD303+cells were also higher in untreated patients, and reduced after treatment, and the cell surface marker CD83 was also elevated. By cell culture in vitro, pDC had defects in secreting INF-α of IgG4-RD patients than healthy controls. Conclusions The excessive infiltration of pDC in peripheral blood and tissue but less CCR7 Defects of secreting INF-α of pDC in IgG4-RD may indicate less function of eliminating infection which may induce constant infection. pDC may played vital roles in the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD, Disclosure of Interest None declared


Based on the analysis of the plight of English teaching, teachers put forward by improving the professional quality, innovative classroom teaching art, so that "four combinations" and other ways to make English teaching out of current difficulties as soon as possible,in order to improve English teaching for nature and timeliness.


Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are monoclonal antibodies that target downregulators of the anticancer immune response. ICIs have revolutionized the treatment of various malignancies. However, many immune‐related adverse events have also been described, which mainly occurs when the immune system becomes less suppressed, and affects various organs, including the gastrointestinal tract. We report a case of atezolizumab‐associated colitis with clinical and endoscopic follow‐ups. The patient was a 72‐year‐old male diagnosed with advanced squamous cell lung cancer treated with atezolizumab and combination chemotherapy. Two months after atezolizumab therapy, bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain were reported. Initial colonoscopy revealed colonic ulcers with diffuse erythema and loss of vascularity. Histology demonstrated ulcerated mucosa with acute inflammation. Steroids were promptly indicated due to suspicion of immune‐related colitis caused by atezolizumab. Follow‐up sigmoidoscopy performed 6 weeks after initiating steroid therapy showed improvement of inflammation. Histological findings revealed eroded colonic mucosa with abortive crypts, lymphoplasma, and eosinophil cell infiltration, which mimicked inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, there was no colitis relapse after steroid discontinuation. The case demonstrated endoscopic and histological presentations of immune‐mediated colitis that mimicked IBD.


Abstract: Tendon and ligament injuries are one of the most common injuries of the knee with chronic or acute pain conditions. This chapter reviews functional tissue engineering approaches for ligament and tendon reconstruction focusing on various cell sources, biomaterial scaffolds, and biochemical/mechanical environments mimicking the normal ligaments and tendons. This chapter then reviews biological and functional performance of regenerated ligaments and tendons.


The River Gordon is about four miles distant from
Sarah Island. Its entrance is narrow, with a bar, upon
which there is a depth of water of about two fathoms,
deepening almost immediately to 10 fathoms. The entrance
to the river has now been well beaconed, and
renders navigation safe.
Following the Elliott Range eastward, we next
notice an elevated flat belt of open country, called the
High Plain. Across this plain came Sir John and Lady
Franklin and party, on their memorable overland
journey from Hobart in 1842, piloted by the late Mr.
James Erskine Calder, afterwards Surveyor-General of
Tasmania.
There is a fine outcrop of limestone at Limekiln
Reach, 12 miles from the river entrance, which in the
early days was quarried and burned by a party from the
Sarah Island establishment.
Pining was carried out in the Gordon and vicinity, and it will take at least a century for the young forest to mature again.
As roads are mostly non-existent, so trees are carried downstream by the river.
The source of the Gordon is in Lake Richmond.
under the shadow oi the King William Range, whence
it flows through picturesque surroundings in the
Rasselas Valley, making a long and graceful sweep
round Mount Wright, which is known as "The Great
Bend."
The preservation of scenery in other parts of the
world is receiving the greatest attention, and even in
England a society has been formed for the preservation
of Swiss scenery. How much greater is the necessity
existent in a country like Tasmania, relying so much
upon her tourist traffic, to preserve by every means
within her power attractions without which such a traffic
would diminish rather than increase, to the serious loss
of the state. One hesitates to put this selfish aspect of
the case before a learned society, but "necessity knows
no law." and, after all, a public awakening may be better
aroused by a proposition in this form rather than from
a more scientific standpoint.


As the oldest drugs in the world,arsenic compounds had been used in the 18 th century in treating hematopoietic tumors,while discarded in favor of modern drugs.In the 1970 s,arsenic trioxide(As2O3) had been first applied in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia successfully by Chinese clinicians using modern medical science,raising the complete remission(CR) rate up to 90% and thus shaking the world.Since then,As2O3 has been tested in other hematological tumors and solid malignancies,many of which have given promising results.Moreover,the dosage forms,combination modes of As2O3 and other arsenic containing compounds like As4S4 and As2S3 are being developed.The progress in these areas will expand the clinical applications of arsenic compounds in a number of human malignancies and provide rationales for their synergism strategy.


Opponents of immigration have two main concerns: that immigrants are bad for our economy because they force wages down, and bad for our culture for they are at odds with our liberal views. Here, Randall Hansen writes that anti-liberal attitudes need to be challenged whatever their source – minorities who oppose liberal values or Europeans who scapegoat Muslims. He concludes that focus should also be on employment: immigration works only when immigrants work.


Oblique ionospheric (~300km altitude) radio sounding paths have been run using IPS receivers and NZDF transmitters across the Tasman Sea since 2002 covering a range of the solar cycle. IPS has also acquired the use of advanced DSTO DORS receivers for use within Australia and reception at long ranges in Antarctica. The maximum frequency on the oblique paths are used to statistically compare with predictions from the standard propagation model used by IPS, and variations from predicted values interpreted in terms of upper atmosphere and geomagnetic variations. Recent closely spaced multiple paths may allow small scale (~100km) ionospheric structure to be investigated which is not possible with conventional arrays of vertical ionospheric sounders. The accuracy of the model used in IPS real-time HF frequency predictions has also been compared to actual HF radio transmissions from the Australian Maritime Safety Authority transmitters.


We prove that weak supersolutions to equations similar to the evolutionary p-Laplace equation has lower semicontinuous representatives. The proof avoids the use of Harnack's inequality and, in particular, the use of parabolic BMO. Moreover, the result gives a new point of view to approach the continuity of the solutions to a second order partial differential equation in divergence form.


Objective To study the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on insomnia.Methods Seventy-four patients with insomnia but with no organic disease admitted to our hospital were randomly divided into control group and observation group.Patients in control group were routinely treated with drugs while patients in observation group received hyperbaric oxygen therapy.Results The total effective rate was 92.1% and 72.2% for the control group and observation group,respectively(P0.05).No statistical difference was observed in average sleep time 1 and 6 months between the two groups after hyperbaric oxygen therapy(P0.05).Conclusion The effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy is better on insomnia than that of conventional therapy.


Summary The M9.3 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake (SAE) of 26 December 2004 ruptured over 1200 km of crust separating the subducting Indo-Australian plate and overriding Burma microplate. Various geodynamic models have been created to quantitatively examine the SAE. To date, no investigators have modeled onshore near-field coseismic deformation and seafloor deformation required by tsunami run-up measurements simultaneously. We identify the inconsistency between various slip distributions and provide an alternative that satisfies both onshore and offshore deformation requirements. Our results suggest (1) A forward model driven by slip distribution derived from tsunami run-ups fails to adequately predict observed near-field GPS data, although it adequately matches far-field observed GPS data, (2) GPS-based slip distribution estimations, that allow for dip-slip only, either poorly predicts near-field observed GPS data or are prohibitively rough, and (3) More complex models that allow for both strikeslip and dip-slip dislocations are needed to adequately simulate both onshore and offshore near-field deformation.


The development of a highly compact and powerful reactor for synthetic organic photochemistry is described enabling a 10-fold reduction in reaction times, with up to 30% more power efficiency than previous fluorinated ethylene propylene tube reactors. Two reactions gave over 1 kg of product in 24 h. Two other reactions had productivities of 4 and 8 kg in 24 h. The reactor consists of a succession of quartz tubes connected together in series and arranged axially around a variable power mercury lamp. This compact and relatively simple device can be safely operated in a standard fumehood.


This paper presents the design of a game controller with integrated skin stretch feedback, a new form of touch feedback. This form of feedback can be used to provide directional information, as well as tactile gaming effects to a user through the input thumb joysticks. Prior testing has shown that a user can perceive and respond to single direction cues given through skin stretch feedback at the thumb joysticks. This paper presents further experiments to characterize user interaction and responses to feedback as a function of the relative timing between skin stretch cues given on both of the controller's thumb joysticks.


In this paper, we present our recent work on using a Recurrent Neural Network Language Model (RNNLM) in a Mandarin voice input system. Specifically, the RNNLM is used in conjunction with a large high-order n-gram language model (LM) to re-score the N-best list. However, it is observed that the repeated computations in the rescoring procedure can make the rescoring inefficient. Therefore, we propose a new nbest-list rescoring framework called Prefix Tree based N-best list Rescore (PTNR) to totally eliminate the repeated computations and speed up the rescoring procedure. Experiments show that the RNNLM leads to about 4.5% relative reduction of word error rate (WER). And, compared to the conventional n-best list rescoring method, the PTNR gets a speed-up of factor 3-4. Compared to the cache based method, the design of PTNR is more explicit and simpler. Besides, the PTNR requires a smaller memory footprint than the cache based method.


At present, the raw echo data captured by spaceborne synthetic aperture radar is usually downlinked to the ground stations for imaging and analysis. If the SAR data can be processed on-board, the processing results could be transmitted to users directly through broadcast distribution, which can greatly reduce the delay time for emergency applications. However, on-board processing implementation faces many challenges due to the space radiation environment and limited resources of the satellite. In this article, a field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based implementation of ship detection for on-board processing is proposed, which has high efficiency in logic and memory resources. First, the hardware-oriented clustering approach is proposed. Image processing operations with similar regularity of data access can be mapped in one processing engine, which can reduce the employment of logic resources. Second, the concept of the data-buffering cycle (DBC) is proposed. The DBC provides a method to analyze the intermediate data and optimize the memory reuse. Finally, based on the above optimization methods, the FPGA-based implementation for a ship detection algorithm is presented. Compared with the traditional methods, the experimental results show the efficacy of our proposed method with lower consumption in logic and memory resources.


For development and optimization of high density ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM) devices, it is highly important to understand the polarization switching process. As demands on measurement hardware for these nonlinear devices rise with falling cycle time, the development of faster measurement equipment is desired for observation. We report on the direct investigation of the switching behaviour near device operation frequency of chemical solution deposition (CSD) prepared thin films of perovskite materials such as strontium bismuth tantalate SrBi 2 Ta 2 O 9 (SBT) and lead zirconate titanate Pb(Zr 0.3 ,T 0.7 )O 3 (PZT) with a newly developed measurement setup. In this work, high speed dynamic hysteresis measurements are performed to further explore the dynamic behaviour of polarization switching into the frequency domain. Virtual Ground measurements down to 100 ns cycle time of excitation signal were achieved, providing additional insight into device operation. A rise of Vc with a factor of 0.065 kV/decade between measurements at 10 Hz and 10 MHz of excitation frequency was confirmed.


A healthy and sustainable higher education system has an impact on a country's efforts to further educate its citizens. In order to better evaluate and promote the healthy and sustainable development of higher education system, this paper establishes a model to evaluate the healthy and sustainable development of higher education. First of all, nine second-level indicators are selected and transformed into six first-level indicators by EWM, and a health assessment model is constructed by combining evaluation method with analytic hierarchy process. The improved AHP algorithm modified by CRITIC is used to calculate the weight of the first-level index, and the comprehensive score is the health index (HI) of the higher education system of various countries. Then taking the HI of each country's higher education system in 2018 as its current situation, it is found that China has great differences in various indicators, good funding conditions, and room for improvement. Finally, China is selected as the main analysis object to get the data of 28 sustainable development evaluation indicators in 7 aspects under the "7e framework", and the sustainable development evaluation model is constructed by using grey relational analysis (GRA). Then the influence degree of each index on system health is obtained.


The invention discloses an alternating current and battery shared electric baking oven which comprises an alternating current input end for inputting an alternating current and a first heating resistance wire which is electrically connected with the alternating current input end and is used for heating. The alternating current input end is electrically connected with a battery pack; the battery pack is electrically connected with a second heating resistance wire for heating; a charger is electrically connected between the alternating current input end and the battery pack; the charger charges the battery pack through the alternating current input end. According to the alternating current and battery shared electric baking oven disclosed by the invention, in the mode, additional heating power can be provided by the battery pack to carry out more rapid heating, the battery pack can be separately used for heating, and a gas baking oven can be replaced, so that carbon emission is reduced.


Aiming at the impact of transmission equipment maintenance on power grid security and measures resources, this paper studies the feasibility of applying partial transmission network reconfiguration in maintenance scenarios. Based on the DC power flow model, a partial reconfiguration optimization model of transmission network is constructed. Taking the branch switching cost as the main objective and considering the system loss comprehensively. The constraints consider the influence of power flow over-limit under the condition based on maintenance and expected faults. In order to improve the computational efficiency and avoid the dimension explosion problem in the conventional optimization model, this paper also proposes a strategy by limiting the set of switchable branches to reduce the number of integer variables and eliminate redundant constraints in the model, thereby reducing the scale of the model solution. Finally, the effectiveness is verified by testing a provincial power grid model. It means that the method proposed has practical significance for improving the enforceability and efficiency of maintenance scheduling.


An apparatus and method for suspending and moving a suspended body, platform, or other structure by a flexible support member that is invisible to the audience. A suspended flying device having a suspended body suspended by a plurality of flexible support members. The plurality of flexible support members are attached to a first rotation element attached to the suspended body and a second rotation element attached to the support body. The suspended flying device visually clarifies the plurality of flexible support members by imparting sufficient motion to the plurality of flexible support members operably connected to the first rotating element. A suspension motor, and the suspended body is movable in space. A method for suspending a suspended body from a visually transparent flexible support member is also disclosed. [Selection] Figure 1


The invention relates to a cutter head for dredging soil, which can be applied to the ladder (2) of a suction dredger (1), and can be connected to a suction line (4) for the discharge of the loosened ground, said cutting head (10 ) comprises a cage-shaped support construction (11), which can be arranged around a, substantially in the extension of the ladder (2) extending, drivable rotation shaft (14) and which has along its peripheral surface provided with a plurality of cutting tools (20) in order to penetration into the ground, and in which the cutting tools (20), a number of disc-shaped penetration bodies (21), of which the disc planes extend substantially transversely to the axis of revolution (14), in such a way that they are able to transmit forces via their peripheral edges (22) on the ground ( 9).


Background Development of small-molecule inhibitors targeting phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) has been an appealing strategy for the treatment of various types of cancers. Methodology/Principal Finding Our approach was to perform structural modification and optimization based on previously identified morpholinoquinoxaline derivative WR1 and piperidinylquinoxaline derivative WR23 with a total of forty-five novel piperazinylquinoxaline derivatives synthesized. Most target compounds showed low micromolar to nanomolar antiproliferative potency against five human cancer cell lines using MTT method. Selected compounds showed potent PI3Kα inhibitory activity in a competitive fluorescent polarization assay, such as compound 22 (IC50 40 nM) and 41 (IC50: 24 nM), which induced apoptosis in PC3 cells. Molecular docking analysis was performed to explore possible binding modes between target compounds and PI3K. Conclusions/Significance The identified novel piperazinylquinoxaline derivatives that showed potent PI3Kα inhibitory activity and cellular antiproliferative potency may be promising agents for potential applications in cancer treatment.


The use of two marine gastropods, Austrocochlea constricta and Bembicium auratum as biomonitors of zinc, cadmium and copper exposure was investigated. The tissue metal concentrations of both species were found to be independent of mass. Variation between individuals was the most significant contribution to overall variation in trace metal concentrations, resulting in a positive skewing of trace metal distributions. A. constricta and B. auratum populations from a contaminated estuary, Lake Macquarie had significantly higher zinc, copper and cadmium tissue concentrations than populations from a relatively uncontaminated location, Jervis Bay. These gastropods therefore can be considered to be net accumulators of zinc, copper and cadmium. A sample number of >10 is required to obtain estimates of trace metal concentrations within 10% of the population mean and to detect a change of 30% from the mean concentration.


The degree of peasant response to innovations and prices has been a point of controversy among development economists. Some writers suggest that cultural and institutional factors restrain appropriate production adjustments. Others maintain that peasants in traditional agriculture respond rapidly to market incentives and are fairly efficient in allocating their resources among production altneratives. The approach and kind of data employed in testing these hypotheses have, to a large extent, contributed to this controversy. Most empirical works relate variations in output and acreage to changing prices without considering climatic conditions as a contributing factor. It should be noted that for most crops, variation in output depends mainly on climatic conditions and fixed factors such as operator's labor and other traditional inputs.


In this study, we propose a multi-portal human interface (M-HI) as an innovative human interface for power assist systems. M-HI allows users to apply force anywhere in the power assist system. This paper describes the concept, the design, the algorithm and possible applications of M-HI. In addition, this paper demonstrates the effectiveness of M-HI with respect to expanding the maneuverable workspace of power assist systems containing multi-DOF manipulators.


The management of type 1 diabetes depends on optimal administration of insulin based on measurement of blood glucose levels. In order for a person living with diabetes to do this effectively on a daily basis they require training through a structured education programme in insulin delivery using multiple daily insulin injections or insulin pump therapy, and adjusting insulin doses according to monitored glucose values from capillary blood glucose measurements or continuous interstitial glucose sensing. This strategy applies to children and adults alike, although the specifics of the training and dosing regimen will be tailored to the individual. National benchmarking and audit programmes set the standards that services should expect to meet to demonstrate that they are helping the persons living with diabetes under their care to effectively implement this management strategy.


We present the development of the data acquisition system for the X-ray CCD camera (SXI: Soft X-ray Imager) onboard the ASTRO-H satellite. Two types of breadboard models (BBMs) of SXI electronics have been produced to verify the functions of each circuit board and to establish the data acquisition system from CCD to SpaceWire (SpW) I/F. Using BBM0, we verified the basic design of the CCD driver, function of the Δ∑-ADC, data acquisition of the frame image, and stability of the SpW communication. We could demonstrate the energy resolution of 164 eV (FWHM) at 5.9 keV. Using BBM1, we verified acquisition of the housekeeping information and the frame images.


In order to examine the short-term response of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants to water stress, we investigated the dynamics of fruit growth and water balance in growing fruits under the well-watered and the water deficit conditions. Under the well-watered condition, most (84%) of pedicel sap flux toward the fruit contributed to fruit expansion, and the residual (i.e. only 16%) was lost by transpiration from the fruit and its calyx. The most dominant component of the fruit water balance was the phloem sap flux, since a major part (i.e. 70%) of the sap delivered into the fruit was brought by phloem transport. On the other hand, xylem transport made a lesser contribution to the fruit expansion and exhibited larger susceptibleness to water stress. Under the water deficit condition, the fruit growth rate was depressed to 36% of well-watered plants, while phloem sap influx to the fruit was less affected. Xylem sap backflow occurred frequently under the water deficit condition, and the net influx of xylem sap during the whole day was nearly zero. The phloem transport solely sustained the fruit growth under water stress. This study quantitatively demonstrated that water deficit results in smaller fruits with higher sugar concentrations through different responses of phloem and xylem transport to water stress.


Perovskite-type rare-earth rhodium borides of the chemical formula RRh3B (R=La, Gd, Lu and Sc) have been studied from the viewpoint of microhardness. Polycrystals of RRh3B are synthesized by the arc melting method. RRh3B compounds have a perovskite-type cubic structure (space group: Pm3m). The microhardness become larger with the contraction of the volume of the Rh6B octahedron in the perovskite-type structure. As a result, microhardness increases with decreasing atomic size of R in RRh3B.


A high efficiency, low vibration and low noise permanent magnet synchronous motor. The stator (30) comprises a stator core (1) having a magnetic pole tooth (2) formed between adjoining slots (3), and a stator winding (4) arranged in the slot (3) of the stator core (1), and the rotor (40) comprises a rotor core (5), a plurality of magnet insertion holes (8), permanent magnets (7) being inserted into the magnet insertion holes (8), and a plurality of slits (6) formed in the rotor core (5) on the outer circumferential side of the magnet insertion holes (8). A plurality of slits (6) in the vicinity of the magnetic pole center of the stator core (1) out of the slits (6) are arranged such that the magnetic flux generated from the permanent magnets (7) is directed in a direction to converge on the outside of the stator core (1), and the slits (6) in the vicinity of the interpole portion of the rotor core (5) are arranged to be directed in a direction different from that of the plurality of slits (6) in the vicinity of the magnetic pole center of the rotor core (5). ® KIPO & WIPO 2009


The concealed and false declaration of dangerous goods in containers transported by sea has become a serious threat to safety of shipping,life and property,and to the marine environment.It is important that the maritime authorities responsible for the maritime safety,fully understand the danger related to the concealed and false declaration mentioned above,and take control measures accordingly based on the analysis of its causes.


I do agree with the interactive comment by S. Dixon that the main issue is about the interpretation of the morphological changes in relation to vegetation establishment. I am not sure that vegetation is the main factor in controlling the observed changes in morphological evolution. My impression is that the main interpretations and conclusions, as presented by the authors (including the title of the paper), is not supported by the observed data. The first period after the restoration is probably affected by the decreased sediment transport capacity of the new channel.


Abstract This review includes new developments in aromatic sulfide and sulfone thermoplastics, electroconductive and electrooptical polymers, polymeric sulfur cements and coatings, sulfonated polymers, and rubber vulcanizing agents. New agrochemicals include sulfonylurea herbicides, and tetrathiocarbonate soil fumigants. A new cardiac drug is based on phenothiazine. Other recent developments include oil additives, ligands, surfactants, dye processes, textile finishes, and personal care products.


BACKGROUND: Obesity is a global problem to which alcohol could contribute, and adolescent anthropometric measures have a predictive role for overweight in adults. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relations among nutritional knowledge, drinking habits and anthropometric measures in a cohort of local young people. METHODS: Two questionnaires on alcohol consumption and on nutritional knowledge were submitted to 110 healthy subjects and their anthropometric data were taken. RESULTS: Nutritional knowledge did not affect anthropometric data in females, while an inverse relationship between nutritional knowledge and WHR was observed in males. In females a quadratic relation between BF and HC and alcohol consumption was reported. In addition the amount of alcohol showed a linear correlation with HC. In males no relations among antropometric measures and alcohol consumption were found. Students with the highest nutritional competences consumed more alcohol than the others. In our cohort 14,29% of males and 5,56% of females were at risk of alcohol addiction, while binge-drinking was found in 17,86% of males and 0% of females. Better nutritional knowledges are not enough to counteract the social aspects of drinking, and alternative


Abstract : This paper describes a method of assessing military command decisionmaking using simulation experiment and dynamic modeling, along with some typical results. Our simulation studies have been carried out since 1988 in the Research, Engineering, and Systems Analysis (RESA) facility at the Naval Ocean Systems Center (now Naval Command, Control and Ocean Surveillance Center) under contract with Pacific Science and Engineering, Inc. and Sonalysts, Inc. RESA is a facility for presenting large-scale, event-driven battle simulations with realistic scenarios. High fidelity simulation is available for multiple platforms, sensors, and weapons under a broad range of tactical and environmental situations. The RESA facility has been used primarily for training naval battle force staffs and for studies of advanced sensor and weapons concepts. Our interest was to use the RESA facility for man-in-the-loop studies to determine the cognitive and decision processes of warfare commanders during battle. Our simulation experiments measured the overall effectiveness of the C3I system with the performance of the commanders as its principal determining factor.


FIELD: electricity. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to electrical engineering, in particularly to accumulator chargers. According to this invention a charging system for battery modules comprises an energy transmission device including a primary winding designed to transmit alternating current energy; an energy receiving unit including a secondary winding designed to receive the alternating current energy transmitted from the primary winding by electromagnetic induction, at that the energy receiving unit is designed to convert the received energy of an alternating current into the energy of a direct current; a positioning mechanism designed to attach and detach the energy transmission device to/from the energy receiving unit and to position the primary and secondary windings so that they are interconnected in an electromagnetic way when the energy transmission device is attached to the energy receiving unit; and a selection circuit designed to charge on a selective basis a multitude of elements in the battery module by the energy of the direct current, at that the multitude of elements in the battery module is interconnected in series, moreover the multitude of elements is represented by accumulator batteries. EFFECT: simplified charging system with the provided identical and stable charging of the battery elements. 5 cl, 14 dwg


At most industrial enterprises, current production volumes are set in accordance with the adopted policy of operating activity. This policy sets out the rule for deciding on production volumes based on information about orders received for products, losses that may occur and the volume of demand in future periods. An analysis of operating activity policies, which are most often used by industrial enterprises in random fluctuations in demand, shows that their use is accompanied by certain losses.
They occur due to either partial downtime or excessive use of production capacity. In these circumstances, it is of interest to apply a policy of optimizing the duration of the collection of orders, according to which the amount of orders collected over several periods of time is evenly distributed over these periods during the execution of orders. But at the same time there is a risk of losing orders if the execution time of orders is very high. The aim of the work was to develop and analyze a model for optimizing the duration of order collection under conditions of their full execution and arbitrary laws of distribution of the probability of demand intensity (volume of orders). In the results of research, mathematical description of the expected operating effect is found depending on arbitrary statistical characteristics of demand intensity and the effect of reducing the intensity of demand in the case of increasing the duration of the collection of orders. The algorithm proposed by us allows us to find the probability functions of the average values of demand intensity for several units of time according to the data on the probability of the values of demand intensity for one period of time. The general content of the numerical method of optimizing the duration of order collection according to the criterion of the maximum expected operational effect for a single period of time is presented. The advantages of the policy of optimizing the duration of order collection, which consist in a more uniform intensity of the production process, reduction of losses from downtime and excessive capacity utilization, are shown.


Research on the technology readiness of a proposed process sequence for the low-cost fabrication of photovoltaic modules is described. Integration of the process sequence using non-textured 2.125 inch square wafers was initiated during this period. Considerable difficulties were encountered requiring process and material modifications. These include: (1) replacement of N-250 spray-on diffusion source with PX-10 source; and (2) modification of the firing cycles for printed silver and printed aluminum contacts is required to accomodate the change of wafer size and shape. Preliminary results from cells processed through the entire process sequence except laser scribe and spray on AR coating indicate that the process sequence is feasible. Indicated cell conversion efficiency is 13 to 15%, however, the process at this point is plagued with low shunt resistance and high series resistance in the cells produced.


In the early administration of law in this country, the states were regarded as foreign to each other in a sense much. stricter than the prevailing one. The earlier conception of their relationship was the natural outgrowth of their jealousy toward each other and desire to maintain their autonomy. With the growth of business interests a different conception has been developing, which demands the application of similar rules for all without much regard for state lines. Our national bankruptcy law is one of the ripened fruits of a common country's experience. Before, local creditors obtained undue advantage over outside creditors; now, the advantage or conditions of all creditors are equalized. The need of overlooking state lines to serve the higher end of justice is clearly seen in administering the law of foreign receivers. In 1854, the Supreme Court of the United States decided that a judicial receiver "has no extra territorial power of official action; none which the court appointing him can confer, with authority to enable him to go into a foreign jurisdiction to take possession of the debtor's property; none which can give hiii, upon the principle of conity, a privilege to stle in a foreign court or another jurisdiction, as the judgment creditor himself might have done, where his debtor may be answerable to the tribunal which the creditor may seek."' To that rule the highest federal court has always adhered. 2 Though a foreign receiver by the federal rule is denied authority to act in a foreign jurisdiction, an auxiliary receiver may be appointed who can act as effectively, perhaps more so, than a foreign receiver could act if he were judicially recognized. Consequently, he is often appointed by the federal courts. "It is true," says Justice Day, "that the auxiliary receiverships are generally conducted in harmony with the court of original jurisdiction, but such receivers are appointed with a view of vesting control of property rights in the court in whose jurisdiction they are located." '


The sedimentary microfacies and oil bearing characteristic of Hua 152 wellblock are comprehensively analyzed. It is held that the sedimentary facies of Chang3 oil reservoir in the well block is a branch of Wuqi Huachi delta front subfacies. According to its lithology, electric property and/or sedimentary structural characteristics, the oil reservoir can be divided into four sedimentary units. Each unit is subdivided into five sedimentary microfacies of subaqueous channel, debouch bar, raised bank, interdistributary depression, and interdistributary bay. Each sedimentary microfacies has itself unique feature and sedimentary space distribution law. Analysis of these features and laws shows that Chang3 sandstone reservoir is a complex superposition composed of subaqueous distributary channel sandbody, debouch bar sandbody, etc. They constitute a typical constructive digitate delta front sandbody. This sandbody is a typical representative of the upper reservoirs of Yanchang Formation, Eerduosi Basin, and it is also main sandbody to form the oil reservoir.


The emission of rhodamine 6G and 2,5-bis(2-benzoxazolyl)hydroquinone molecules embedded in synthetic opal photonic crystals are studied in the spectral range of 520–620 nm. It is found that the intensity of spontaneous emission is suppressed in the spectral region corresponding to the photonic stop band and is amplified on its "blue" side. PACS: 78.67-n, 78.55.Mb UDC: 535.361


Kant's idea of Academic freedom is based on his idea of freedom and country.In Kant's view,there should be a kind of free and equal debate based on reason in academic research field.It is truth,not power,that should operate in the debate,which is just the difference between academic associations and other social organizations.


Two new organically templated iron(II) phosphatooxalates, [( S )-C 5 H 14 N 2 ] [Fe 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 3 (HPO 4 ) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] (1) and [( S )-C 5 H 14 N 2 ] [Fe 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 3 (HPO 4 ) 2 ] (2), have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Mossbauer spectroscopy. Crystal data are as follows: compound 1, triclinic, P 1 (No. 1), a =7.6999(4) A, b =7.9542(4) A, c =9.8262(5) A, α =74.8444(7)°, β =81.7716(8)°, γ =85.4075(8)°, V =574.34(8) A 3 , Z =1, and R 1=0.0255; compound 2, monoclinic, P 2 1 (No. 4), a =7.5943(8) A, b =7.8172(8) A, c =18.318(2) A, β =99.111(2)°, V =1073.8(3) A 3 , Z =2, and R 1=0.0281. The structure of 1 consists of dimers of edge-sharing FeO 6 octahedra that are linked by phosphate and oxalate groups to generate a three-dimensional framework with intersecting tunnels parallel to the [100] and [010] directions. Diprotonated ( S )-2-methylpiperazinium cations are located at the intersections of these tunnels. Compound 1 crystallizes as a minor product when a racemic mixture of 2-methylpiperazine is used in the synthesis, and can be prepared as a major product with a small amount of 2 if optically pure ( S )-2-methylpiperzine is used. The structure of 2 is similar to that of 1 except that the coordination around the iron centers in the dimer are square pyramidal and octahedral. The two compounds are the first 3-dimensional phosphatooxalates containing a chiral amine.


Exosomes are microvesicles secreted by a variety of cell types under physiological conditions.They contain a variety of cell membrane moleculars and associated proteins.Exosome secretion is a notable feature of malignancy owing to the roles of these microvesicles in cancer growth,immune suppression,tumor angiogenesis and therapeutic processes.Tumors aberrantly secrete large quantities of exosomes that transport oncoproteins and immune suppressive molecules to support tumor growth and metastasis.Tumor-derived exosome (TEX) can exsist in plasma,malignant effusions and tumor cell culture supernatant.The tumor-associated antigens in TEX can be presented to T cells to activate cyotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and induce the anti-tumor immune responses.Because of their safety,efficacy and stability,exosome may provide a new strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumor.

Key words:
Exosome ;  Tumor


The response of marine and terrestrial environments to global changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations will likely be governed by both responses to direct environmental forcing and responses to Earth-system feedbacks induced by that forcing. It has been proposed that anthropogenic greenhouse forcing will intensify coastal upwelling in eastern boundary current regions [Bakun, A. (1990) Science 247, 198–201]. Focusing on the California Current, we show that biophysical land-cover–atmosphere feedbacks induced by CO2 radiative forcing enhance the radiative effects of CO2 on land–sea thermal contrast, resulting in changes in eastern boundary current total seasonal upwelling and upwelling seasonality. Specifically, relative to CO2 radiative forcing, land-cover–atmosphere feedbacks lead to a stronger increase in peak- and late-season near-shore upwelling in the northern limb of the California Current and a stronger decrease in peak- and late-season near-shore upwelling in the southern limb. Such changes will impact both marine and terrestrial communities [Bakun, A. (1990) Science 247, 198–201; Soto, C. G. (2001) Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 11, 181–195; and Agostini, V. N. & Bakun, A. (2002) Fish. Oceanogr. 11, 129–142], and these and other Earth-system feedbacks should be expected to play a substantial role in shaping the response of eastern boundary current regions to CO2 radiative forcing.


Clinical studies have demonstrated a beneficial effect on blood pressure for milk derived material containing isoleucyl‐prolyl‐proline (IPP) and valine‐prolyl‐proline (VPP) peptides. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the blood pressure lowering effect of three different IPP and VPP doses in products with a comparable electrolyte and protein composition. The present study was designed as a randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐group, dose–response trial: 166 subjects (> 140/90 mmHg) received placebo during a 2‐week run‐in, 8‐weeks intervention followed by a 2‐week washout. Results indicate that materials containing IPP and VPP do lower blood pressure dose‐dependently (p < 0.05 for diastolic blood pressure, DBP). The effect on systolic blood pressure (SBP)/DBP over 8 weeks compared with placebo was + 0.1/− 1.3, − 1.5/− 1.4 and − 2.5/− 1.9 mmHg for the low, medium and high dose of peptides, respectively. The percentages of subjects who showed a fall in SBP > 3 mmHg or who attained an SBP below 140 mmHg, were 54% (placebo), 64% (low), 76% (medium) and 71% (high dose) respectively. This effect can only be demonstrated for office pressure and not for home or ambulatory pressure. Furthermore, the results suggest that the magnitude of the fall in blood pressure is a function of baseline blood pressure. We conclude that IPP and VPP may have a modest dose‐dependent effect on office blood pressure in mildly hypertensive subjects although this could not be confirmed with ambulatory or home blood pressure measurements.


The thermal structure of a wind that is centrifugally driven from the surface of a protostellar disk is studied. A generalized version of the Blandford and Payne self-similar wind model is introduced, and the temperature and ionization distributions in the outflow are investigated. For the evolution of atomic winds, the heat equation and the rate equations that describe the ionization and excitation state of hydrogen are solved self-consistently. Ambipolar diffusion is found to be a robust mechanism for heating the gas. In the more powerful outflows, molecular hydrogen is collisionally dissociated close to the disk surface, and hydrogen is mainly atomic within a few astronomical units from the central source. It is also demonstrated that these outflows have enough momentum to lift dust grains from the disk surface.


There has been a lot of discussion and debate on the issue of Islamization of Contemporary Knowledge among Muslim intellectuals. Two Muslim thinkers, namely al-Attas and al-Ftiriiq"i were foremost in the attempt to conceptualise the problem of the Muslim Ummah and the issue of Islamization of knowledge as an epistemological and socio-political solution. This article aims to examine, compare and analyse the ideas of both scholars with respect to the various inte1pretations of the concept of Islamization of knowledge their definition of the concept, their philosophical framework, and their methodology for achieving the goals of Islamization. It aims at understanding the similarities and differences and the strengths and weaknesses of their conceptions, philosophical framework and methodology. This paper also explores the possibility of reconciliation between their ideas in the hope of further advancing the cause of Islamization of knowledge. Many Muslim scholars concerned with the plight of the Muslim community (Ummah) have been deeply involved with the concept of Islamization of knowledge which gained momentum in the 80s, as a result of the global consciousness for the "resurgence of Islam" in the 70s and the momentous gathering of prominent scholars in the First World Conference on Muslim Education in Makkah in 1977. Nothing has engaged the Muslim scholars as deeply as this epistemological, social and political issue. Secularism and the great speed with which secularization has engulfed the Muslim world has stirred the Muslim intellectuals from their indifference and motivated them to act. Initially the discussion took Rosnani Hashim is Associate Professor and Dean Faculty of Education, International Islamic University Malaysia. E-mail: < email@example.com > . Imron Rossidy was a graduate student in the Faculty of Education, nUM. [20] INTELLECTUAL DISCOURSE, VOL 8, No 1,2000 the fonD of an analytical inquiry in which the concepts involved such as Islamization and knowledge were defined and examined and the philosophical justification laid bare. The amount of discussion that was generated exceeded the expectations and soon a body of literature on the subject spanning the social, human and natural sciences were amassed. Despite the massive discussion and literature, Muslim scholars have not struck a common chord among themselves. The traditional Muslim scholars contend that all knowledge is from Allah and is therefore already Islamized. Hence, there is no need to re-Islamize it. The secularistmodernists also agreed that there is no need to Islamize knowledge but for a different reason. They felt that the modem scientific knowledge is universal and culturally neutral and as such, it cannot be infused with the value system of any particular culture. For instance, Hoodbhoy and Abdus Salam totally reject the concept of Islamic sciences. In fact Hoodbhoy vehemently claims that the scientific views, say, of a Muslim scientist are not necessarily connected to his faith. J Likewise, Abdus Salam strongly contends that "there is only one universal science, its problems and modalities are international and there is no such thing as Islamic science as just there is no Hindu science, no Jewish science, no Confucian science, nor Christian science."2 The position of these secularist-modernists is reinforced by another prominent scholar Fazlur Rahman, who argues that one cannot map knowledge; it is created by Allah (SWT) in the human mind. So Muslims should not get enamoured over making maps and charts of how to go about creating Islamic


Two cavities resonating at about the same frequency are coupled with each other through a small iris closed hy a thin partition. The radius of this iris is assumed to be small compared with the wave length. If one cavity is excited, fictitious surface magnetic charge and a fictitious surface magnetic current density are formed in the iris. The distribut ion of these magnetic charge and current densities constitutes a boundary condition for the calculation^ of the electromagnetic fields in the cavities. This solution is in terms of certain orthogonal functions of the separate cavities.


Farmland area data is one of the important agricultural basic data, which provides parameter basis for the precise operation of agricultural equipment. In order to meet the technical needs of farmers and agricultural machinery operation service billing for acquiring basic information of farmland, this study proposes a farmland area measuring instrument based on the Beidou Navigation Satellite System. Firstly, the overall design scheme of the measuring instrument, the hardware circuit design scheme and the algorithm design scheme are introduced, and the triangulation area measurement algorithm is emphatically analyzed. Finally, the design of this research is applied. The farmland area measuring instrument measures the area of different shapes of farmland and verifies the measurement accuracy. The results show that the average relative error of the measuring instrument for measuring the area of irregularly shaped farmland is 0.7%, which realizes the rapid and high-precision measurement of the area of arbitrarily shaped farmland. It is hoped that this study can provide some reference for the research on the area measurement of farmland in my country.


Contained in the solution, a method for dividing an analyte fixed to the magnetic particles. In this way, precipitation while dividing the magnetic particles to multiple residues. In one preferred embodiment, at least one residue of the magnetic particles (22, 30) formed in the first container (10), towards the residue (s) to the plurality of second container (12), preferably moved by relative translation of the magnetic system (20, 24), the second container (s) (12) is connected to the first container (10) by the flow path (14). Devices used in these methods, and also discloses a system for performing these methods.


The Group of 20 (G20) was launched as a leaders' forum in the midst of the 2008 financial crisis and quickly agreed to undertake coordinated economic stimulus efforts. While those early measures helped stabilize the global economy, the negative impacts of the crisis on employment continued to mount through 2009. The leaders turned their attention to labour market issues; labour and employment ministers met in 2010 and thereafter. However, the G20 and a number of other countries erroneously reversed the stimulus approach beginning in Toronto in 2010, leading to weak recovery, entrenchment of unemployment and stagnation of wages. Labour ministers increasingly advocated more robust labour market policies, but were resisted by finance ministers. The leaders themselves agreed to increasingly strong statements on wages, inequality and social issues but most G20 countries did not implement them. When the political backlash against globalization emerged in 2016 the G20 was seen by many as part of the out-of-touch elite that failed to address the difficulties and economic anxiety suffered by many G20 member households. The G20 should adjust course by implementing, in a coordinated manner, policies that can increase employment and incomes and reverse growing inequality. This paper lays out two practical examples of such policies. The first is a coordinated increase in minimum wages across the G20 to provide direct support to low-wage workers, restart overall wage growth and increase demand. If implemented by the entire G20 this would provide a serious stimulus to global demand, which still remains weak, and avoid competitive undercutting among G20 members. The second is a coordinated increase in financing for programmes to help those who have lost as a result of globalization. Losers often suffer very harsh economic effects and few G20 countries compensate them adequately. A well-advertised, coordinated effort including policies such as these could demonstrate the relevance of the G20 to populations that have benefited little from the group's efforts to date.


This paper puts forward a new building method for Distributed Control Application (DCA) from the angle of message. DCA consists of independent distributed applications, which cooperate via message. The message passing is described by Message Architecture (MA). The independence of distributed applications enables they can be designed independently, and then are connected with MA. In the paper, a regulation-based designing method for independent nodes, a description method, Message Flow Chart (MFC) for MA, and a content-based message passing mechanism are proposed. Finall y, using the above constructing method to design and simulate an example "Auto Driving Control and Monitoring System". The results reveal that using this method, the complexity of design and building of DCA is reduced, the program correctness is improved, and the DCA architecture is well scalable and extensible.


In this article we have presented the results of our study based on two different locations with different sunshine hours, Antalya and Giresun. The houses were designed in such a way that, the consumption was kept the same, and the direction of the panels faced south, which is the optimum direction for panels on the roof. In order to make a reasonable comparison and see the effect of sun-panel interaction, the roofs were decorated with half-cut solar panels. Knowing the consumption, the required panel numbers were calculated and the simulations were conducted with PvSol program. The average daily energy needed for the house was taken as 36.6 kW. Depending on sunshine hours of two different provinces the number of half-cut cells was calculated. Antalya, which has a higher sunshine duration, needed 18 panels, whereas Giresun with lower sunshine hour needed 30 panels for the same consumption. The results obtained are consistent with the studies in the literature.


Abstract

 This thesis examines the influence of Wharton's mother and surrogate mother figures, especially in her ghost stories and late works. Wharton's works in the 1920s, especially those written after 1925, reflect this tendency of a deepening understanding of women's difficulties in motherhood. As Wharton writes the mother-daughter relationship, she negotiates with the maternal forces in her life and career as female writer, positive and negative alike. The daughter-surrogate mother structure embedded in the ghost stories enables the writer to explore the support of a female cooperation within haunting domestic space. In the non-gothic fictions, Wharton's interest in the issue of motherhood has its affinity with her conflict with and memory of her mother. Through the exploration of the theme of motherhood in her writing, Wharton reconciles with the influence of her mother and achieves a deeper, more sympathetic understanding of women as mothers.


In this study, we treat transactional sets of a data stream as a graph sequence. This graph sequence represents both the relational structure of data for each period and changes in these structures. In addition, we analyze changes in a community in this graph sequence. Our proposed algorithm extracts community transition rules, in order to detect the communities that appear irregularly in a graph sequence, using our proposed method combined with an extended graph kernel and hierarchical clustering. In the experiment using synthetic datasets and social bookmark datasets, we demonstrated that our proposed algorithm could detect changes in a community appearing irregularly.


The review considers and analyzes the literature data on the directed synthesis of (co) polymers based on fluorine-containing styrene derivatives, published over the past 15 years.


The functions, the main components, technology and quality standards of new variations of health beer such as the selenium-enriched beer, pearl beer and health campaign beer, etc, were introduced. It is emphasized that German DAB yeast is the ideal one for health beer production.


Arthropods differ very greatly among themselves as regards the rate at which they lose water by transpiration (Bursell 1970; Edney 1973), and in general those from drier habitats have cuticles which are less permeable to the outward passage of water. The main cuticular barrier to water loss is now believed to consist of a lipid layer at or near the surface (Beament 1961), although the precise relation between structure and function of this important layer is not clear. The following work was done to provide further information on these questions and as part of a general in-


Order Dependencies (ODs) have many applications, such as query optimization, data integration, and data cleaning. Although many works addressed the problem of discovering OD (and its variants), they do not consider datasets with missing values, a standard observation in real-world datasets. This paper introduces the novel notion of Embedded ODs to deal with missing values, and we propose an efficient algorithm for validating embedded ODs. We conduct experiments on real-world datasets, and the results confirm the efficiency of our algorithm.


The paper examines the problems of replacing non-renewable resources with inexhaustible and renewable resources, ie future resources. The issue is discussed in a complex way and by indi-vidual species of resources. Particular attention is paid to space resources - the use of the re-sources of asteroids, the Moon, Mars and Jupiter.


This paper presents the closed-form solution of the direct kinematics problem of a new 4-DOF parallel robot. Since the derivation of closed-form direct kinematics is very complicated, it is desirable to find a set of possible simplest constraint equations as the basic equations. This will not only help to simplify the derivation procedure but also help to avoid the extraneous solutions. According to geometric conditions, we constructed a set of three equations in three variables. Then making use of symbolic computation method and Dialytic method, the direct kinematics was reduced to a 32th order polynomial equation in one variable. Two numerical examples for the real solutions of the direct kinematics are given by the software Mathematica.


It is unusual to detect coarctation of aorta (CoA) in an adult person during their 6th decade of life. We came across a 52-year-old male who presented with left ventricular failure with low ejection fraction and atrial fibrillation, who was incidentally detected to have critical CoA. It was successfully managed with balloon angioplasty and had a favorable 6 months of clinical follow-up.


Two and four-bit wideband distributed microstrip phase shifters have been developed on a 21 mil (533 /spl mu/m) silicon substrate for DC-18 GHz operation. Presented here is the first demonstration of microstrip distributed MEMS transmission line (DMTL) designs, periodically loaded by MEMS varactors in series with a fixed value microstrip radial stub. The two-bit design results in a reflection coefficient less than -10 dB,an average insertion loss of -2.8 dB, and a maximum phase shift of 262/spl deg/ at 16 GHz. The four-bit design results in a reflection coefficient less than -9 dB, an average insertion loss of -3.0 dB, and a maximum phase shift of 333/spl deg/ at 16 GHz.


The efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), currently the first-line antimalarial treatments, is declining due to the emergence of resistance of malaria parasites to these drugs. This has led drug development initiatives to search for novel combination therapies to replace the failing ACTs. We developed a biologically informed within-host model, validated against data from volunteer infection studies, to guide critical drug development decisions.

 A within-host model was developed, linking drug concentrations of two novel antimalarial drugs, OZ439 and DSM265, to their combined killing action and accounting for differential killing of these compounds against stages of the parasite's lifecycle. Data collected from malaria-infected volunteers treated with OZ439–DSM265 were used to estimate the model parameters in a hierarchical Bayesian framework. Posterior-predictive simulations of the model were used to determine the dosing regimen required to cure >90% patients.

 The results showed that 800 mg of OZ439 combined with 450 mg of DSM265, which are within the safe and tolerable dose range, can provide day 42 cure rates >90%, despite the estimated antagonistic interaction between the drugs. The importance of accommodating parasite age specificity of drug action was demonstrated.

 The dosing regimens for the combination of OZ439-DSM265 determined from our data-informed in silico model suggest this compound may be a suitable candidate to replace failing ACTs.

 Assessing various scenarios within a simulation framework allows discovery of robust dosing regimens, accelerating the drug development process and ensuring efficient allocation of resources for phase 2 and 3 clinical trials.


Safety leadership is increasingly being championed as the preeminent strategy for mitigating workplace injuries through the improvement of safety behaviour. This reearch rigorously investigates the interplay between supervisory leadership and safety behaviour among employees involved in domestic waste collection. Drawing on the Social Exchange Theory (SET), the study elucidates how these three aspects of safety leadership function as pivotal mechanisms in fostering safer workplace behaviours within this high-risk sector. A quantitative cross-sectional survey, targeting 224 domestic waste collecting workers, was utilized, and data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). This results uncover the profound influence of safety leadership dimensions, namely safety coaching, safety concern, and safety monitoring, on safety behaviour among domestic waste collecting workers in Malaysia. This illuminates the vital role of multifaceted safety leadership in reducing workplace accidents and injuries. This study contributes valuable insights for industry practitioners, safety leaders, and policymakers, supporting their efforts to enhance safety standards in the waste collection sector. The findings pave the way for improved safety practices of the workforce within high-risk industries.


The proposal presented on designing courses for graduate programs has an axis of strong research training and every component of this proposal has been designed considering the strategy of Research-Based Learning (ABI), so that at the end of the student a graduate program, it possesses the skills to investigate and be able to solve new situations in their area of expertise and beyond. The model is presented to incorporate research and pedagogical practice, is unique in the sense that you learn to investigate while attending courses and research related to real, unlike the traditional approach where activities include a course are made about research methodologies and only at the end of mastery reused those skills related to research. This proposal includes a series of steps to include ABI in the academic design of a graduate program and emerges as a pilot between some universities in Ecuador imbricar interested in the process of research in the design of their masters.


The lunar landings in 1969 provided the watershed moment for space exploration, bringing the celestial into direct physical contact with man for the first time. As the second man to walk on the Moon, Buzz Aldrin maintains a unique place in American and space history. Here, Guest-Editor Neil Leach looks at why Aldrin has chosen to highlight the potential of Mars over the Moon in his recent book, Mission to Mars: My Vision for Space Exploration (2013).


AIM OF THE STUDY:
To evaluate the effectiveness of biological fixation of closed distal tibial fractures in adults treated with precontoured locking compression plates designed for the distal tibia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Cases of distal tibial fractures (closed and grade 1 open ) with /without
associated fractures involving other region who presented to Department of
Orthopaedics, Thanjavur Medical College,Thanjavur,during the study period,
who satisfy the inclusion criteria that are studied and medically fit for surgery.
STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study.
SOURCE OF DATA:
Patients who sustained closed and grade I open fractures of distal tibia
and were treated by minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis using locking
compression plate in the Department of Orthopaedics,Thanjavur Medical
College,Thanjavur were taken as the study population.
Sample size:
32 patients with closed and grade I open fractures of distal tibia and were
treated by minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis using locking compression
plate were selected for inclusion in the study.
Inclusion Criteria:
1. Fresh distal tibial fractures closed and grade I open fractures.
2. Fractures of distal tibia unfavourable for interlocking nail.
3. Complex fractures of lower third of tibia.
4. Adult Patients willing to undergo surgery in both sexes.
Exclusion Criteria:
1. Fractures in skeletally immature age group.
2. Significant contraindication to any anaesthesia.
3. Patient unwilling for surgery.
4. Grade II,III open fractures of distal tibia.
32 cases of adult distal tibial fractures were treated in an average period of five days with most injuries being from vehicular accidents. In spite of the bulky nature of the implant, we were able to pass the implant distal to proximally bridging the fracture under C-arm guidance. This process resulted in an acceptable reduction, though not anatomical.
Except for two cases who had wound dehiscence and infection, none others came for implant removal. Excellent to good results was seen in 76.6% of the study population. This study concludes that in distal tibial fractures taken
for surgery early after anaesthetic assessment, minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis done biologically yields good results.
CONCLUSION:
Distal tibial fractures pose a great challenge to an orthopaedic surgeon, since most of them are high velocity injury with cross soft tissue swelling. In the present study, the distal tibial biological locking plate technique achieved acceptable results both clinically and radiologically. As it reduces surgical trauma to soft tissue and retains vascularity of the fragments while providing
rigidity of fracture fragments.


Agricultural versatility of agricultural structure adjustment of natural foundation laid.Based on the background of agricultural versatility,first of Yangtze river delta region agricultural structure condition for the research and evaluation.Then through the contrast of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry,fishery each industry output value and the average peasant family business income changes to analyze the agricultural structure adjustment of economic effect of increasing the income of farmers,and the calculated grey relation model of rural family business income and farming,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery each value correlation to verify.Finally,the article established a family business income from annual rate.