In this revision it is postulated that the hominization is a by-product of the endocrine-metabolic adjustment to that hominid ancestors were subjected about 5 million years ago. A bigger adrenalization index is demonstrated in the hominids that partly could explain our fenotype, our behavior and the biggest propensity to certain pathologies.


Intramolecular electrophilic aromatic acylamination has been achieved by the photolysis of N-aroylaminopyridinium tetrafluoroborates under neutral conditions. Acylnitrenium ions were most likely generated which substituted the adjacent ring without undergoing Curtius-type rearrangement


A large majority of violent crimes such as homicides, sexual assaults, and missing person cases are not solved within a reasonable timeframe and become cold cases. The ability to predict a person's facial appearance from a DNA sample may generate important investigative leads and provide an unprecedented advancement in criminal investigations. To achieve the above goal, it is first essential to substantiate, model and measure the intrinsic relationship between the genomic markers and phenotypic features. In the first step, we have standardized the 3D face scans using a widely used 3D data format - CoMA. The standardization was followed by its projection into a low-dimensional latent embedding space. The second step was to reduce the dimensionality of the genetic space. The dimensionality reduction was achieved by performing Principal Component Analysis on the genomic markers to generate compact genomic properties. A simple multi-layer perceptron was trained to classify an ensemble of facial embeddings and genomic properties into genuine and imposter pairings. The classification model could match the DNA with the given 3D face with an average Area Under the Curve score of 0.73. The introduction of hand-picked genomic markers was an important contribution toward improving the final AUC score. Furthermore, results indicated that incorporating additional phenotypical properties such as sex and age leads to better verification. Thus, this study represents an important milestone toward building a functional machine learning pipeline capable of predicting facial appearance and other visible traits from a DNA sample.


This article presents a project that analyzes the pattern of causal errors in distributed systems. It asks the question: how wrong could the system be if causal order is not enforced? Simulations of a stock-trading system show that the number of failed trades due to causal errors has minimal impact on the system.


A.T. is a 50-year-old woman who developed acute hyperosmolar crisis. She first presented for primary care 5 months before the event. Medical history was notable for longstanding schizo-affective disorder and hyperlipidemia. She denied a history of diabetes. She reported her medication regimen had not changed in more than 1 year; medications included divalproex (Depakote), gabapentin (Neurontin), olanzapine (Zyprexa), and gemfibrozil (Lopid).

A.T.'s weight was 235 lb. A random plasma glucose was 103 mg/dl. Liver function tests, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine were also normal. One month before the event, hydrochlorothiazide, 25 mg daily, was started for hypertension, and simvastatin (Zocor) was substituted for gemfibrozil to treat hypercholesterolemia.

One month later, A.T. presented to clinic with 1 day of urinary incontinence but no other symptoms of illness and was hospitalized for severe hyperglycemia. Her weight was 219 lb. Urinalysis showed no white blood cells but was strongly positive for glucose and weakly positive for ketones (trace). Her glucose level was 1,572 mg/dl, and her hemoglobin A1c (A1C) result was >14%. Her serum sodium was 113 mEq/l, potassium was 4.8 mEq/l, and carbon dioxide (bicarbonate) was 36 mEq/l. A.T. was severely volume-depleted as evidenced by postural hypotension, elevated blood urea nitrogen of 47 mg/dl, and elevated creatinine of 2.5 mg/dl. A semiquantitative blood acetone level was positive at a dilution of 1:8 (reference range is negative). A toxicology screen was negative. No evidence of infection, myocardial ischemia, or other acute illness was found. During the hospital stay, A.T. reported …


Objectives: Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) regulates triglyceride metabolism by reversibly inhibiting the lipoprotein lipase activity. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an independent risk factor for further cardiovascular disease. This study evaluated the relationship between the fasting serum ANGPTL3 levels and MetS in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Materials and Methods: Fasting blood samples were obtained from 90 patients with CAD. Serum ANGPTL3 levels were measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. MetS and its components were defined using the diagnostic criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. Results: Fifty-three patients (58.9%) had MetS. The hypertension (P = 0.001), diabetes (P < 0.001), body weight (P = 0.027), body mass index (P = 0.001), waist circumference (P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (P = 0.001), fasting glucose (P < 0.001), triglycerides (P < 0.001), blood urea nitrogen (P = 0.044), C-reactive protein (P = 0.010), insulin (P = 0.040), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (P = 0.002), and ANGPTL3 level (P = 0.001) of CAD patients who had MetS were higher, and the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.001) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (P = 0.016) were lower. A binary logistic regression analysis of the significant variables also revealed that the ANGPTL3 level (odds ratio: 1.023, 95% confidence interval: 1.008–1.038, P = 0.002) was an independent predictor of MetS in patients with CAD. Conclusion: The results of our study indicated that the fasting ANGPTL3 level was positively associated with MetS among patients with CAD.


This article focuses on the effect of annealing process on the electrical properties of polypropylene (PP) insulation containing the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-nuclear agent of WBG-II. The crystal form transformation during annealing at 140 °C is investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The results indicate that as the annealing time increases, part of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-crystals transforms into <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-crystals, followed by the increase in total crystallinity. As the annealing time increases from 0 to 8 h, the dc conductivity is reduced by an order of magnitude at 90 °C, the accumulation of space charges is suppressed, and the dc breakdown strength increases by 13.2%. During annealing, the molecular chains in some <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-crystals and amorphous rearrange and form <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-crystals, with higher molecular ranging regularity and better thermal stability. It is demonstrated that the crystal form transformation reduces the physical defects within the aggregate structure and increases the trap level, which contributes to the suppression of space charge and the improvement of the breakdown characteristics.


Proteins are major biological targets for oxidative damage due to their abundance and high rates of reactions with reactive oxygen species including radicals and excited state species. This work studies the photooxidation of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) by singlet molecular oxygen (1O2) using Raman spectroscopy which allows the spectral changes induced by oxidation to be directly identified. The results show that these changes mainly affect the S-S and the amide Raman bands. Tri-peptides containing amino acids His, Met, Trp and Tyr whose side chains are known to preferentially react with 1O2 are also analysed allowing the specific changes associated with each amino acid to be observed and discussed within the context of the changes observed in the protein. The singlet oxygen quenching rate constants for BSA were measured using time resolved near infrared phosphorescence. It was found that the rate constants vary as a function of pD thus highlighting the effect of conformation on the process of oxidation.


In vivo chemical shift-compensated MR thermometry Pooja Gaur, Beat Werner, Pejman Ghanouni, Rachelle Bitton, Kim Butts Pauly, and William A Grissom Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States, Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States, Center for MR-Research, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland, Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States


EX CLU D ING ARCHAEOLOGY, there are three sources of primary information concerning domestic buildings in Ireland in the period A.D. 400 to 1200; (I) historical references, (2) contemporary representations of buildings, and (3) stone skeuomorphs of wooden constructions. This article is an attempt to examine the documentary evidence, including written descriptions and drawings of buildings of the period, with reference to the archaeological material.


Review and critique of the book 'The Penguin Book of Australian Satirical Verse' by Philip Neilsen (ed). Review(s) of: The Penguin Book of Australian Satirical Verse, edited by Phillip Neilsen (Penguin, Victoria, 1986), rrp. $14.95.


I is well known that the gernmination of seeds is more or less influenced by imanv comparatively trivial circumstances and con(litions; yet there have been no general inquiries in this country into the exact effects of these con(iitions, or their importance to the cultivator. Their relations to seed testing have always seemedI to Professor L. H. Bailey of the Cornell Agricultural Station to be of special importance, and it is in this lirection that the investigation here referred to has been undertaken. Most of the published recor(ds of seedl tests are obviously ne. ris valueless beeause they :NCE. [VOL. XIV. No. 340


The following considerations are based on the concept of the fundamental portfolio as was proposed by [Tarczyński 1995]. In addition, in this article semi-variance, as an alternative to variance, was used as a measure of risk. The paper aims to propose and present empirical verification of the iterative algorithm for risk diversification in a fundamental portfolio with minimum semi-variance. The calculations were made assuming that we had a starting portfolio and that it could be modified to achieve the optimal solution under the established conditions The same calculations were performed for several starting portfolios.(original abstract)


The purpose of this study is to propose models in which both magnetoencephalogram (MEG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) activities evoked by color imagination are recorded simultaneously. The components of magnetic fields perpendicular to the surface of a head were measured by using a dc SQUID with a first-derivative gradiometer. We observed that both MEG and EEG activities were affected by color imagination. The power spectrum of MEG evoked by color imagination showed a single sharp peak at 11 Hz. In contrast, the power spectrum of EEG showed broad patterns. The EEG topography showed that the spectrum component at 11 Hz dominated in the occipital region. On the basis of the results, we proposed a two-dipole model whose directions vary with time to explain the change in EEG topography evoked by color imagination.


Abstract Satellite‐borne radar altimeter gave ample opportunity for observing dynamical oceanographic features repeatedly over a larger scale. Before getting sea surface height signals altimeter data have to be corrected for a number of effects. Besides applying corrections given in the geophysical data records (GDR), the altimeter profiles must be processed and further corrections must be applied. This paper describes the various corrections, such as editing for rain cell effects, removal of orbit error and local geoid effects, etc., to be applied to the sea surface height observations. These corrections have to be applied in addition to those given in ERS‐1 altimeter operational products to get dynamic sea surface topographic signals. The signals in the sea surface heights obtained in this analysis are of the expected order.


Abstract : The rhenium(V) bipyridyl(bpy) complexes (BPY) (PY)2Re(O)2CLO4 and (bpy) (3 - pySO3)2Re(O)2(Na).2H2O have been prepared by reaction of 2,2' - bipyridine with trans -(PY)4Re(O)2CL and trans-(3-PYSO3)4Re(O)2 (Na)3 in methanol or methanol/water solutions (py = pyridine, 3-pySO3 = 3 pyridinesulfonate). Despite the seemingly trivial change in coordination environment the bpy-containing complexes were found to behave very differently than the corresponding tetrapyridyl complexes. For example, the pH-independent formal potential for reduction of Re (VI) to Re(V) was lowered by some 600 mV. On the other hand, the pH-dependent potential for the Re(V/III) couple increased by ca. 200 mV upon bpy coordination. The V/III couple also became considerably more reversible (kinetically) in its electrochemical response. The Re(III/II) potential was also shifted in the positive direction. At high pH's, the V/III and III/II couples coalesced to yield the first example of three-electron redox behavior in rhenium chemistry. By analogy with known dioxo-osmium complexes, both the thermodynamic and kinetic electrochemical effects were attributed to a relative destabilization of the inaccessible Re(IV) oxidation state following bpy coordination. It was proposed that the destabilization is induced by trans to cis isomerization. The cis dioxo configuration has only rarely been seen in d2 coordination chemistry, and never for hexacoordinate rhenium. (AW)


The case-teaching method of law adopts typical case teaching material of law according to the i- dea of common system of the case-teaching method of law.It takes the students into the case,at the same time,lets them play the law occupation roles.It is a teaching method that guides the student study independent- ly.It has the characteristics of target,instruction,practicality,independently and synthesize.The case-teach- ing method has appeared since the ancient China and ancient Greece period.However,the source of case- teaching method of modem times is the system of British and American education of Laws.It was introduced into China in the early time of the 1980's.


This paper presents a distributed multi-chip human activity recognition system for Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) applications. A comprehensive solution is delivered including AI core for classification, analog sensing for neural activity detection and infrared data communication for multi-chip collaboration. A $65\mathrm{~nm}$ test chip is fabricated and distributed across the body area to demonstrate the low power, low latency, and camera-free features of the target applications.


isolated atonehospital. Eight plasmids withthegeneforthis enzymepurified fromdifferent strains and species isolated atdifferent times hadsimilar EcoRIdigestion fragments, indicatingthatthegenehaddisseminated ononeplasmid without transposition. This 56.5-megadalton plasmid ofincompatibility groupM,whichalsocarried three other resistance genes, spread, atfirst, largely inonestrain ofKlebsiella pneumoniae, whichlater disappeared. Ittransferred tosomestrains whichtended not tocolonize other patients andlater circulated predominantly inSerratia marcescens. Computer surveillance ofroutine hospital laboratory results wasableto detect andtrace thegeneandtheplasmid andmeasure their effect onresistance prevalence. Anantibiotic resistance genemaytranspose fromoneplasmid toanother, maytransfer ona plasmid fromonebacterial cell toanother, or mayremain inabacterial cell whichleaves one person andcolonizes another (8). Inclinical settings, however, ithasproven difficult toobserve movementofresistance genes relative toplasmids, bacteria, andpeople because ithasbeen difficult toidentify individual genes, plasmids, andstrains ofbacteria atthesametime. We describe hereanoccasion onwhichsuchobservations werepossible. Theyshowthedissemination ofasingle plasmid intomultiple strains andspecies ofEnterobacteriaceae isolated from manypatients inonehospital.


Lignin content of oat hulls is variable and genetically controlled (Crosbie et al. 1985). Oat cultivars with a high lignin content in the hull have a lower digestibility than low-lignin cultivars (Rowe and Crosbie 1988). When fed as a complete diet there is a reduced intake of low-lignin cultivars compared to high-lignin cultivars and a higher dressing percentage (lower gut fill) (Rowe and Coss 1992). The aim of this experiment was to determine the influence of hull lignin content on feed intake and dressing percentage under conditions of supplementary feeding. Comparisons were also made between oat, barley and lupin grain. One hundred and forty sheep were divided into 13 treatment groups. Each of 4 grains (high and lowlignin oats, barley and lupins) were fed at 3 levels (150, 300 and 450 g/day) in addition to chaffed hay ad libitum (n = lo/treatment group). There were also 20 sheep fed only chaff. Feed intake was measured daily and all sheep were weighed weekly. The average weight of the sheep at the start of the experiment was 38 kg. At the end of 7 weeks on experimental diets all sheep were slaughtered and measurements made of dressing percent and gut contents. Level of grain feeding had a significant (P c 0.001) negative effect on the intake of chaff with an indication (P = 0.08) that source of grain also affected chaff intake. Intake of barley was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than high-lignin oat grain. There was no indication of reduced feed intake in sheep fed low-lignin oat grain. There were significant effects of grain type (P c 0.001) and level of feeding (P = 0.05) on dressing percent and an interaction between grain type x level of feeding (P = 0.06). The highest dressing percentage was in sheep fed lupin supplements and the lowest levels in the animals supplemented with high-lignin oats. Unlike responses in other grains, there was no increase in dressing percentage with increasing levels of high-lignin oats.


The child learns best in a natural way in an environment where he feels safe and accepted. Therefore, it is necessary to create an environment that will support children's spontaneous, exploratory, self-organized activities of the child. In child-led activities, theinitiativeandcontrolovertheactivitiesandlearningprocesslargelybelongs to the child, while the influence and participation of educators is minimal. Thepaperemphasizestheimportanceoforganizingtheenvironment,providing stimulating materials that encourage research activities of children of nursery age. In the empirical part of the paper, ethnographic research is presented, which is considered to be the most appropriate research method because it takes place in the natural environment of the child–kindergarten or nursery. The research was conducted in the Djakovo Kindergarten, and ten children between the age of 1-2 participated, respecting the Code of Ethics for Research with Children. The paper present an analyzes of photographs collected during the research, which indicate various research activities of young children.


THERE is a play by the brothers Quintero in which an old man seeks to bring his warring progency together for an occasion that seems to him very important. For on this particular day he was to be 100 years old. We can ourselves tonight pretend to be a hundred years old if such fancies give us pleasure. We can at least celebrate the centenary of our name year, even if the birth year of our subject is more ancient and obscure. In 1855 Claude Bernard in a lecture at the College of France used the phrase "internal secretion" for the first time. We ourselves were once the Association for the Study of Internal Secretions. We now have a shorter name that means much the same thing. We lack of course the power or the influence of the Spanish patriarch to assemble our children. Those of us who are here, however, can try to pass a pleasant evening thinking of a hundred years and more. To do so I shall draw most heavily on the biographies by Professor Olmsted of the University of California, and paraphrase a familiar...


Convolutional neural network based methods have provided great success in image classification and object detection tasks. However object detection, unlike the image classification task, requires much more computational intensities and energy consumption. As a result, object detection methods are difficult to integrate into embedded systems with limited resources. In this article, we propose a real-time handgun detection application on the embedded system. This application was implemented with 2 different convolutional neural network based object detection algorithms, and accuracy and speed performances were compared.


This study examines the implementation and objectives of group guidance services to determine the effectiveness of self-management techniques on student discipline behavior in collecting assignments given by subject teachers during online learning activities. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method, and 8 subjects were selected through purposive sampling technique. The results show that during distance learning, group guidance services with self-management techniques can effectively improve student discipline behavior in collecting online assignments from subject teachers. Based on the results of interviews and documents before and after the study, it was found that students experienced significant behavioral changes in the discipline of collecting online assignments from subject teachers during distance learning activities.Keywords: group guidance, self management, discipline


Severely punctured codes derived from the constraint length seven, rate-1/2 convolutional code are considered. By severely punctured the authors mean that the entire output of one of the two encoding parity circuits is deleted and the only redundancy in the transmission is conveyed in the code tail. It is seen that severely punctured codes are nonsystematic high-rate block codes; in one case, the (63,57) Hamming code results. The performance of severely punctured codes and the equivalent systematic codes is obtained assuming maximum likelihood decoding. It is shown that when post-decoding bit-error rate is used as the figure of merit, the systematic codes perform somewhat better. Straight-forward modifications to the standard Viterbi decoder for convolutional codes are identified which enable decoding of both the severely punctured codes and the equivalent systematic codes. As a consequence, it is seen that the Viterbi decoder for the K=7 nonsystematic convolutional code can be used to decode the systematic (63,57) Hamming code.<<ETX>>


THE active management of late anaemia presents a particular challenge to the obstetrician because he is not only trying to obtain a satisfactory haemoglobin value, but he must also be successful in a limited space of time. Until recently the only effective methods of achieving such a level were by blood transfusion with its attendant hazards or by a series of parenteral iron injections from which the patient might well default. This paper describes an alternative, the continuous intravenous infusion of diluted irondextran complex (Imferon) in some 300 patients attending an antenatal clinic at Dryburn Hospital, Durham.


A method for liquefaction of industrial gases or gas mixtures (hydrocarbon and/or non-hydrocarbon) uses a modified aqua-ammonia absorption refrigeration system (ARP) that is used to chill the gas or gas mixture during the liquefaction process. The gas may be compressed to above its critical point, and the heat of compression energy may be recovered to provide some or all of the thermal energy required to drive the ARP. The method utilizes a Joule Thomson (JT) adiabatic expansion process which results in no requirement for specialty cryogenic rotating equipment. The aqua-ammonia absorption refrigeration system includes a vapour absorber tower (VAT) which permits the recovery of some or all of the heat of solution and heat of condensation energy in the system when anhydrous ammonia vapour isabsorbed into a subcooled lean aqua-ammonia solution. The modified ARP with VAT may achieve operating pressures as low as 10 kPa which results in ammonia gas chiller operating temperatures as low as-71 C.


Heavy metals have been excessively released into the environment due to rapid industrialization and have created a major global concern. Iron is one of the heavy metal pollutant involves in mining activities, foundries and smelters, steel producing industries, and diffuse sources such as piping, combustion by products, constituents of products and many more. There are many methods have been proposed for the removal of iron ions
from wastewater such as chemical precipitation, electrochemical reduction, ion exchange, adsorption, biosorption, membrane filtration, coagulation and flocculation. In the current study, ion exchanger mixed matrix membrane (MMM) was used to adsorb iron from aqueous solution. Several potential cations exchanger resins were screened for the maximum iron removal which are Amberlite JR 120, Amberlyst, Lewatit Monoplus TP
214 and Lewatit CNP 105. The selected resin, Amberlite JR 120 was embedded into the mixture of 15 wt.% and 20 wt.% ethylene vinyl alcohol in dimethylsulfoxide and 1-
octanol solution. Conventional casting method was used to prepare the flat sheet MMM. The effect of iron concentration from 50ppm to 500ppm was studied in batch adsorption experiment. At initial iron concentration of 500 ppm, 15% and 20% polymer EVAL loading in MMM showed 298.6 and 196.1 mg Fe/g MMM binding capacity respectively. The MMM can be regenerated using 10% HC1 solution which gives about 86% of iron recovery.


This paper, with the analysis based on the statistics of Shiyan Technical Institute Journal (from 2000 to 2004), puts forward practical measures to reinforce the construction of higher vocational institute's journal, such as the control of proper proportion between school manuscripts and those from other sources, the increase of project articles, the enhancement of cooperation, the perfection of key columns and the strict implementation of CAJ-CD Criteria, etc.


The binary star system y Cephei is unusual in that it harbours a stable giant planet around the larger star at a distance only about a tenth of that of the stellar separation. Numerical simulations are carried out into the stability of test particles in the system. This provides possible locations for additional planets and asteroids. To this end, the region interior to the planet is investigated in detail and found to permit structured belts of particles. The region between the planet and the secondary star, however, shows almost no stability. The existence of an Edgeworth-Kuiper belt analogue is found to be a possibility beyond 65 au from the barycentre of the system, although it shows almost no structural features. Finally, the region around the secondary star is studied for the first time. Here, a zone of stability is seen out to 1.5 au for a range of inclinations. In addition, a 10-Jupiter-mass planet is shown to remain stable about this smaller star, with the habitability and observational properties of such an object being discussed.


To discuss the nursing methods and measures of treating glioma with transcarotid chemotheray with teniposide (VM-26). Method Thirty-five cases of glioma were injected VM-26 (100mg) via carotid artery once a week and three times for one course. Results Most patients had not obvious chemo-reaction. Three patients had temporary dizziness, two cases of temporary blurring of vision happened in three minutes, all of the patients had not complications of cerebral infarction and ect. Conclusion Transcarotid chemotherapy with VM-26 treating glioma and nursing is convenient, inexpensive, feasibility and security.


Abstract We concerned with the asymptotic analysis for the dynamical probe method which is a reconstruction scheme to identify an anomaly inside a heat conductor from the Neumann-to-Dirichlet map. In this paper an inclusion was considered as an anomaly and we succeeded giving an improved asymptotic behavior of the indicator function defined in terms of the Neumann-to-Dirichlet map to identify not only the location of the inclusion but also some of its physical properties simultaneously. The two major improvements made for analyzing the asymptotic behavior of the indicator function are as follows. Firstly, we can know the distance to the boundary of unknown inclusion as we probe it from its outside. This improvement can avoid overshooting the boundary points as much as possible if we probe it from outside the inclusion numerically. Secondly, we can know the value of heat conductivity of inclusion as we probe close to the inclusion even without touching it.


The evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is an issue of great importance. Antibiotic-resistant strains are continuously emerging, and, currently, bacterial and viral infections are responsible for approximately 5-10% of deaths in industrialized world; more than 30% of deaths in Southeast Asia, and 60% in Africa [1].


This letter describes a physics-based methodology for decomposing the apparent power into orthogonal components. The framework unifies several results from the literature and enables useful extensions and generalizations.


The objective of this paper is to study the feasibility of using locally made threshing machine for dry bean( Giaz 6 seed) and selecting the optimum conditions for operation. Threshing drum speeds tested were 11.72 , 13.18 and 15.38 m/sec., feed rates 10, 15 and 20 kg /min and seed was used at moisture contents of 13.56, 11.53 and 9.20 % . The obtained results show that, the local threshing machine can be successfully used for threshing bean under the following conditions : seed moisture content 9.20 % drum speed 15.38 m / sec and feed rate 20 kg /min, resulting in seed damage of 2.17 % and un-threshed seed of 1.48 % ,threshing efficiency of 98.52 % , consumed power 14.70 kW and criterion cost of 143.20 L.E /ton including operation and losses.


Using in situ electrochemical scanning tunnelling microscopy (EC-STM), we demonstrate fully reversible tuning of molecular tiling between self-assembled structures with supramolecular motifs containing 2, 3, 4, 6 or 7 tectons. The structures can be explained by electrocompression of the cationic adlayer at the solid-liquid interface.


The Basic characteristics of the upwelling sediment are summarized,which were discovered in the first and second member of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation,Hongshuizhuang Formation,Tieling Formation and Xiamaling Formation in North China Block.According to the analyses of upwelling sedimentary facies,it is considered that upwelling lithofacies can be classified into five types as chert bands,stromatolites,black shales,siliceous mudstones and siliceous rocks.Based on the combination law of different upwelling lithofacies,the upwelling lithofacies associations in infra-tidal high energy belt and infra-tidal lower energy belt are recognized.The formation mechanism of sedimentary system association and the upwelling facies model are analyzed.


Thanks to their high efficacy in improving clinical outcomes in surgical patients, patient b lood management programmes have been developed rapidly worldwide in the last decade1,2. Patient blood management is an evidence-based, multi-disciplinary and patient-centred model based on three pillars, i.e. optimisation of endogenous erythropoiesis, minimisation of bleeding and blood loss and optimisation of the physiological reserve of anaemia3,4. Each of these pillars applies, through various strategies, to a definite surgical period (i.e., intra-operative, pre-operative and post-operative). Among the various peri-operative settings, orthopaedic surgery is that most extensively studied in the frame of patient blood management programmes and both transfusional and non-transfusional measures have been proposed5-11. Among the latter, there is increasing interest in the use of the anti-fibrinolytic agent tranexamic acid, particularly after the publication of the results of two trials demonstrating that this synthetic haemostatic drug confers a survival benefit in the setting of severe trauma and of post-partum haemorrhage12,13. Tranexamic acid has indeed been widely used to minimise bleeding and exposure to allogeneic blood transfusion in major orthopaedic surgery and several large randomised clinical trials and meta-analyses have consistently confirmed that the intravenous administration of tranexamic acid could effectively and safely reduce perioperative blood loss and transfusion requirements in total hip and knee arthroplasty14. In addition, a recent systematic review and meta-analysis of five randomised controlled trials involving 457 patients in whom combined intravenous and topical tranexamic acid was compared with intravenous use alone in total hip arthroplasty concluded for the superiority of the combination in terms of reduction of blood loss, haemoglobin decline and need for transfusion without increasing the rate of thromboembolic complications15. The safety and efficacy of topical tranexamic acid in total hip arthroplasty was further pointed out in another meta-analysis of 14 studies including 2,594 patients: the conclusions of this study were that, compared with placebo, the topically administered haemostatic agent significantly reduced total blood loss, drainage loss, transfusion rates and the decrease in haemoglobin level without increasing the risk of venous thromboembolism16. In addition, a recent meta-analysis of five trials with 1,614 participants comparing intravenous vs topical tranexamic acid found similar haemostatic effects and safety profiles between the two methods of administration suggesting a possible beneficial use of the topical route in patients at increased risk of thromboembolism17. A further step forward on this issue has been provided by the study published in this issue of Blood Transfusion by Perez-Jimeno and colleagues18. In a prospective, single-centre, open-label randomised trial conducted on 249 patients (125 cases and 129 controls) undergoing total hip arthroplasty, the authors demonstrated that topical tranexamic acid was effective at reducing both post-operative red blood cell loss and transfusion rates with good tolerance and no clinically relevant adverse events. In particular, no thromboembolic complications were observed in association with the use of this antifibrinolytic agent. Thanks to the results that emerge from this study, we have increased our knowledge on the efficacy and safety of topical tranexamic acid in major surgery. We are therefore strong convinced that the implementation of this therapeutic option along with other practices (early detection and treatment of preoperative and post-operative anaemia, a restrictive transfusion strategy, policy of transfusing single units of red blood cells, etc.) will contribute significantly to the effectiveness of the patient blood management approach to surgical patients.


Objective: To study the expression features of hepcidin (Hep) and erythropoietin (EPO) and the pathogenesis of anemia in tumor patients caused by radiotherapy. Methods: The study included 92 cancer patients who received radiation, their hemoglobin (Hb) concentration was measured, meanwhile, serum Hep and EPO were detected by ELISA method, to explore the pathogenesis of anemia caused by radiotherapy. Results: ① The Hb level before and after radiotherapy in 92 patients and in 20 controls were respectively 127.33 ± 17.12, 119.41 ± 17.05 and 132.80 ± 11.80g/L, the difference was statistically significant (F=11.70, P < 0.01). The anemia cases were 14 and 27, respectively, which were also statistically significant (x2=8.68, P<0.01). ② The Hep level before and after radiotherapy in 92 patients and in 20 controls were 3.38±2.48, 2.37±1.37 and 3.22±1.10mg/ml respectively, the difference was statistically significant (F=3.88, P<0.05). ③ EPO level before and after radiotherapy in 92 patients and in 20 controls were 5.05±3.50, 5.75±1.99 and 3.81±1.15mg/ml, respectively, the difference was statistically significant (F= 9.18, P<0.01). ④ Hep was negatively correlated with Hb before radiotherapy (r = -0.2938, t=2.9089, P<0.01), but Hep was not correlated with Hb after radiotherapy (r = - 0.0111, P>0.05). ⑤ There were no correlation between EPO and Hep before and after radiotherapy (r = 0.1234, 0.0355, all P>0.05). Conclusion: Radiotherapy could cause anemia in cancer patients, and anemic negative feedback inhibited the expression of Hep, while EPO was highly compensatory.


Arginine, agmatine, putrescine and spermidine were found in the apical parts and leaves of chayote (Sechium edule Swartz) at various stages of development. The concentration of agmatine, the immediate decarboxylation product of L-arginine, increased considerably in young leaves at the first emergence of floral buds. Young leaves always had a relatively higher content of agmatine than older ones. There was a decrease in the concentration of agmatine from the apical part to the basal leaves. Agmatine was the predominant amine in young leaves at every stage of development (50–90% of the whole amine pool). It was also predominant in mature leaves when the floral buds appeared (70% of the total amine content). An accumulation of agmatine could not be found in other Cucurbitaceae species.


Acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) is associated with a high risk of colectomy with 20% requiring surgery during the first admission, increasing to 40% at the second admission.1 Medical options for rescue therapy after corticosteroid failure are limited to infliximab and ciclosporin. However, there has been recent interest in the use of tofacitinib, an orally administered Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, as a rescue agent for ASUC due to its potency and rapid onset of action.2,3 In a recent issue of Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Uzzan et al present a multicentre cohort study of tofacitinib use in a biologicrefractory, hospitalised cohort with severe UC.4 This GETAID study comprised a mix of retrospective and prospective data from 55 patients across 14 centres; the primary outcome was survival without colectomy. At 3 months, the rate of colectomyfree survival was 78.9% (95% CI, 68.590.9), remaining almost unchanged at 6 months. Postinduction clinical response, clinical remission and steroidfree clinical remission rates at week 14 were 41.8%, 34.5% and 32.7% respectively. There were no factors predictive of colectomy, and no new safety signals were identified. This is the largest study examining tofacitinib's safety and effectiveness in this setting; hitherto, data were limited to small case series only.58 It is important to recognise the study limitations. This is a realworld, largely retrospective study, with limited followup. As such, collected data are of variable quality and completeness. For example, postinduction endoscopy was seldom performed so mucosal response data are unavailable, and the completeness of biomarker data such as CRP is limited. Equally importantly, the context in which tofacitinib was used needs careful consideration; 53% received intravenous corticosteroids prior to tofacitinib, and only 14.5% and 3.6% received ciclosporin and infliximab, respectively, during the admission. Furthermore, this was a mixed group in terms of disease severity, rather than a pure, ASUC cohort; the mean CRP on admission was 17.2mg/L, and approximately one third of patients had a Mayo endoscopic score of 2. Nevertheless, the results suggest that a proportion of this difficult to treat group of patients respond to tofacitinib. Such benefit needs weighing up with risk which in turn is driven in part by dose. At week 14, 23% of patients had undergone dose reduction of tofacitinib to 5 mg bd based on the treating physician's opinion. As is evident from the registration trials and realworld data, the higher maintenance dose is superior to the lower dose in patients with refractory disease but is also associated with greater risk of adverse events. Longer term followup will help to clarify the riskbenefit balance in patients more likely to require longterm treatment with 10 mg bd. The prospect of another rescue option for ASUC is highly attractive; antiTNF failure is common and longterm ciclosporin use is limited by its side effect profile. This cohort represents a valuable addition to the literature and the authors should be congratulated for assembling the data. Further highquality, controlled studies are warranted to evaluate the efficacy, safety and optimal dosing strategies of JAK inhibition in this setting.


Social networks change the way and approaches of video spread and promote range and speed of video spread, which results in frequent traffic blowout and a heavy load on the networks. The social and geographical communication efficiency determines the efficiency of video sharing, which enables the eruptible traffic to be offloaded in underlaying networks to relieve the load of networks and ensure the user quality of the experience. In this paper, we propose a novel geo-social-aware video edge delivery strategy based on the modeling of the social-geographical dynamic in urban area (GSVD). By investigating the frequency of sharing behaviors, social communication efficiency, and efficiency of social sub-network consisting of one-hop social neighbors of users, GSVD estimates the interactive and basic social relationship to calculate the closeness of the social relationship between mobile users. GSVD makes use of grid partition and coding subarea to express the geographical location of mobile users and designs a calculation method of coding-based geographical distance. GSVD considers the dynamic update of social distance and geographical location and designs a measurement of video delivery quality in terms of delivery delay and playback continuity. A strategy of video delivery with the consideration of adapting to social-geographical dynamic is designed, which effectively promotes the efficiency of video sharing. Extensive tests show how GSVD achieves much better performance results in comparison with other state of the art solutions.


The reconstruction to which our investigation has led' has a remarkable degree of internal consistency and by the same token admits no compromise with the theory that the Hephaisteion is identical with the so-called Theseum. The original of the Erichthonios relief cannot have belonged to the Eleusinian stone base in the Theseum, whose orthostates are at least io cm. too low for it.2 If one claims the Theseum as the Hephaisteion, one must therefore say either that the Eleusinian stone base does not belong to the Theseum or that the Erichthonios relief did not belong to the statue base of the Hephaisteion. The first would be difficult to maintain in view of the fact that the Eleusinian stone orthostates were found in the modern east wall replacing the apse of the Christian church in the Theseum. It is likely, therefore, that the strongest proponents of the identification will elect to keep the Eleusinian stone base and throw out the Erichthonios relief. This, too, is an unhappy solution, however, since the relief is uniquely appropriate in date, style, and content for the base of a pair of statues of Athena and Hephaistos made in 421-415 B.C. The only other shrine for which it might conceivably be appropriate in subject matter and date is the Erechtheion, and there is no place for it there. The anthemon cannot be thrown out, though its precise form may well be discussed. Proponents of the Theseum as the Hephaisteion will presumably resist its reconstruction in columnar form, since this would combine unattractively with the interior colonnade carried across the back of the cella. They will be left with the problem of what to do with half a ton of bronze in a form that could be called "anthemon" and is somehow intimately associated with the group of statues and their base. These problems are not ours. We are proceeding on the assumption that this assemblage of statues, anthemon, and Erichthonios base was set up in a temple of suitable size but as yet undetermined location which was in fact called the Hephaisteion. From the assemblage one can read some things about the conception of Athena and Hephaistos that the temple and its cult must have embodied. Let us sum them up briefly, looking at some details on the way. The Erichthonios relief presents Athena and Hephaistos as the mother and father of the Athenians, even though Athena was, strictly speaking, a foster mother. The group around the child really looks like a Holy Family, something rare in classical art, where the divine child was most often reared by strangers. This kindly, fostering nature of the divinities on the base also finds expression in the statues themselves; the aspect of both gods is more mild than awesome. The threatening strength of both is gathered into the gorgoneion, contained in the circle of the shield and suspended on the tree-like anthemon. Thus the theme of peaceful fruitfulness is common to base and statues, while the actual powers of the gods are more fully expressed in the statues than on the base. The fact that the group was begun in the first year of the Peace of Nikias allows us to believe that the suspended shield, the libation of the goddess, and the celebration of fertility (in the earth-born child and the flower-like tree) were all parts of a program celebrating peace. In this sense, Athena, the foster mother of Erichthonios, is a forerunner of Eirene, the mother of Ploutos. Indeed, it might be more correct to call Eirene also a foster mother,3 for we have seen that Ge is represented with Ploutos in her arms in a scheme directly copied from the Erichthonios base.4 If the anthemon had, as seems


A known triterpenoid, β-amyrin (1), and a known and a new phloroglucinol, cohulupone (2) and garcinielliptone P (3), were isolated from the pericarp and heartwood and seed of Garcinia subelliptica, respectively. A new xanthonolignoid, hyperielliptone HF (4), was isolated from the heartwood of Hypericum geminiflorum. The new compounds were established by analysis of their spectroscopic data. Compounds 1-3 showed an inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase (XO). Treatment of NTUB1, a human bladder cancer cell, with 1 or 1 cotreated with cisplatin for 24 h resulted in a decreased viability of cells. Exposure of NTUB1 to 1 or 1 cotreated with cisplatin for 24 h significantly increased the level of production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Flow cytometric analysis indicated that treatment of NTUB1 with 1 or 1 cotreated with cisplatin led to the cell cycle arrest, accompanied by an increase in the extent of apoptotic cell death in 1 or 1 combined with cisplatin-treated NTUB1 after 24 h. These data suggested that the presentation of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in 1 or 1 combined with cisplatin-treated NTUB1 for 24 h was mediated through an increased amount of ROS in cells exposed to 1 or 1 cotreated with cisplatin.


The dynamics of the plasma in the inner regions of an accretion disk around accreting millisecond X-ray pulsars (AMXPs) is controlled by the magnetic field of the neutron star. The interaction between an accretion disk and a strong magnetic field is not well understood, particularly at low accretion rates (the so-called propeller regime). This is due in part to the lack of clear observational diagnostics to constrain the physics of the disk–field interaction. Here, we associate the strong ∼1 Hz modulation seen in the AMXP NGC 6440 X-2 with an instability that arises when the inner edge of the accretion disk is close to the corotation radius (where the stellar rotation rate matches the Keplerian speed in the disk). A similar modulation has previously been observed in another AMXP (SAX J1808.4−3658) and we suggest that the two phenomena are related and that this may be a common phenomenon among other magnetized systems. Detailed comparisons with theoretical models suggest that when the instability is observed, the interaction region between the disk and the field is very narrow—of the order of 1 km. Modeling further suggests that there is a transition region (∼1–10 km) around the corotation radius where the disk–field torque changes sign from spin-up to spin-down. This is the first time that a direct observational constraint has been placed on the width of the disk–magnetosphere interaction region, in the frame of the trapped-disk instability model.


Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCN) in marine fishes caught by inshore fishery were determined by ECD-gas chromatography after clean-up procedures comprising the separation from PCB by polyamide thin-layer chromatography. Though most of fishes contained PCN at levels lower than 1 ppb, some of the fishes living near the mouth of a river contained a remarkable amount of the compound, showing several tens of ppb levels. The contamination of all the fishes tested indicated the wide-spread contamination of natural environment. From the concentration ratio of PCN to PCB in the fish and the previously reported human adipose tissue, it was assumed that fishes were the most important source of human contamination.


Electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is a promising method for energy-efficient and low-emission NH3 production. Herein, we report electrochemical NH3 production using a copper sulfide...


West Nile virus and wild birds West Nile virus (WN) is a virus of wild birds, transmitted from bird to bird primarily by mosquitoes. Native to southern Europe, the Middle East and Africa, the virus arrived in North America in 1999 and spread quickly across the continent. Over 225 species of birds have been reported as infected with WN; some of these species, such as members of the crow family, suffer severe disease and often die from WN infection, while others appear to tolerate infection without becoming ill. The American Crow, Blackbilled Magpie, Blue Jay and Common Raven, are used as indicator species because their high and rapid death rates allow the spread of the virus to be monitored.


The extracts and extractive residues were obtained by single-stage extraction with acetone, CS2 and acetone/carbon disulphide solvent (IACDSM) under mild conditions, and they were then characterised by infrared and segmented peak fitting analysis. The results showed that acetone and CS2 solvents could dissolve more aromatic structures containing fatty side chains, while the mixed solvents could extract more phenolic substances. The acetone extracts were mainly asymmetric -CH2 stretching vibrations, while the remaining two extracts were dominated by aliphatic -CH. A comparison of the IR results of the tar residue and the three solvent extracts showed that the main structure of the tar residue was not altered throughout the process, but the aromatic structure was altered more by the extraction. Compared to the original sample, the proportion of tetrasubstituted or trisubstituted benzene rings in the three solvent extracts increased, while the proportion of pentasubstituted benzene rings produced a significant decrease. Comparison of the IR structural parameters showed that the aromatic ring condensation was higher in the as-received CS2 extracts and acetone extracts, with the acetone extracts having longer straight aliphatic chains and fewer branched chains. The analysis of the composition of the extraction results provides a reference basis for the separation and purification technology of coal tar residue, enabling the further development of China's coal chemical industry.


The demands in terms of processing performance, communication bandwidth and real-time throughput of many multimedia applications are much higher than today's processing architectures can deliver. The PROPHID heterogeneous multiprocessor architecture template aims to bridge this gap. The template contains a general purpose processor connected to a central bus, as well as several high-performance application domain specific processors. A high-throughput communication network is used to meet the high bandwidth requirements between these processors. In this network multiple time-division-multiplexed data streams are transferred over several parallel physical channels. This paper presents a method for guaranteeing the throughput for hard-real-time streams in such a network. At compile time sufficient bandwidth is assigned to these streams. The assignment can be determined in polynomial time. Remaining bandwidth is assigned to soft-real-time streams at run time. We thus achieve efficient stream communication with guaranteed performance.


Abstract A passive cavitation detection setup is used to assess and verify the capability of frequency- and amplitudemodulated ultrasound burst signals on the generation of inertial cavitation. The measurements were conducted with a flowthrough tissue-mimicking phantom with a canal of dc = 1mm in diameter simulating a fine blood vessel. By means of a flow velocity of vf= 50mm/s circulating blood in the cardiovascular system is imitated. Applying signal frequencies from f = 550 − 950 kHz and peak rarefaction pressures in a range from ˆpPRFP ≈ 0.17 − 1.81 MPa, various ultrasound stimuli with alternating signal parameters were investigated in the absence and presence of a talcum-water mixture acting as cavitation nuclei. By evaluating the broadband emissions in the frequency domain and calculating the voltage spectral density Srm, the results can be compared. The findings of the present study demonstrate that each ultrasound stimulus triggers a similar strength of cavitation noise at the same Mechanical Index, representing a certain pressure. Over the whole frequency and Mechanical Index (pressure) range, each ultrasound signal type generates a voltage spectral density from Srm= 0.25 − 2.25 V/ √ Hz.


The human hypophyseal cells containing follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were identified immunohistologically by an immunoglobulin-peroxidase bridge procedure. Antisera to FSH and LH reacted selectively with their specific antigens in characterization studies employing radioactive binding analyses and the immunohistologic method after absorption with purified glycoprotein hormones. In serial immunostained sections, the same cells reacted with both gonadotropin antisera. Comparison of immunostained sections and serial sections stained with various cytologic coloration procedures showed that the cell type reactive with the gonadotropin antisera varied widely in staining. All remaining chromophilic cells were recognizable as producing pituitary hormones other than gonadotropins and were unreactive with gonadotropin antisera. The latter histologic finding supports the immunohistologic demonstration that FSH and LH are both found in a single cell population. The gonadotropic cells...


In the localist approach of connectionist model the network consists of the same type of nodes, whereas only activation signals are used for the propagation of changes. This may be sufficient in some simple applications, but to support semantic knowledge representation and processing a more complex solution has to be applied. In this paper we are proposing Hirearchical Semantic Form (HSF), a modification of the localist approach consisting of four types of nodes and seven types of signals used to process the information in the network. HSF is able to represent arbitrary semantic knowledge and to facilitate the processing of this knowledge including natural language understanding, semantic search and question answering.


this paper carries out a study on how to calculate allowed rate of return for power grid enterprise under cost plus profit regulation model according to power pricing reform scheme.It also proposes relevant suggestions taking into consid- eration of different stages of power grid development.


Industry trends such as electro mobility, connected car, digital transformation and autonomous driving offer numerous new opportunities and potential for differentiating automotive vehicles. These trends are leading to a shift in customers' perception of product values and to a change of requirements for vehicle generations. Customers want to be fascinated by new product functions from a complete vehicle perspective such as Connected Traffic Sign and Light Recognition. This leads to a continuously increasing number of product functions in the future. In addition, already available product functions are extended by new or modified subfunctions (e.g. use of 'swarm' data for predictive traffic jam warning) or their functional quality is improved by e.g. increasing the effective field (e.g. more reliable traffic sign recognition). The principles of complex product functions, such as (partially) autonomous driving (e.g. highway pilot), remain largely hidden from the customer. The automotive product development of a German OEM was analyzed in order to specify the underlying reasons. In the vehicle development process, there is a heterogeneous understanding of the functional product concept in the development departments, whereby functional conflicts of objectives are often identified in the functional overall vehicle integration (e.g. physical pre-series prototypes). In comparison to the concept phase, however, the scope for change is limited to optimizing the application and oftentimes entails high change costs. Therefore, a coherent functional concept on the overall product level must be harmonized in the concept phase. This raises the question of how a uniform (cross-departmental) understanding of the functional product concept can be integrated into concept development to identify functional conflicts of objectives from the customer's perspective.For this purpose, requirements were derived for a consistent understanding of elements and approaches for functional concepts and insights were gained for different levels of abstraction. The contribution depicts a model derived from the requirements to specify a function-spanning product concept. In addition, the understanding of the function-specific concept of individual product functions is integrated in this model. The contribution is concluded by an evaluation of the developed model for a holistic understanding of the functional concepts at a German automotive Original Equipment manufacturer (OEM). The added value gained from a homogeneous understanding is shown in the overall collaboration, which enables communication across departmental boundaries at the same level in concept development. This allows product development to create transparency about product functions with regard to their impact on the customer.


Federal law (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 1997) mandates the use of functional behavioral assessments (FBAs) and positive behavioral supports to address challenging behaviors demonstrated by students in school settings. FBA is a proactive approach to program planning and is a crucial step in providing the link to intervention based on the purpose of the student's behavior within the current environment. This article overviews the underlying principles of FBA and the methods and procedures associated with conducting FBA in the schools.


Objective: To explore the relationship between the carotid Intima-media thickness and C-reactive protein in patients with essential hypertension.Methods: 105 patients with hypertension were selected,including 55 males and 50 females {mean age(57.8±5.2)years},65 healhy persons in physical examinations was selected as contrast,including 36 males and 29 females {mean age(56.4±5.1)years}.C-reactive protein(CRP) was determined by immunology method.B-mode ultrasound was used to scan carotid arteries of all the cases and the contrasts in order to check and measure intima-media thickness(IMT) and plaques of carotid arteries.The relations between concentration in hypertensive patientsof C-reactive protein with systolic and diastolic blood pressure,and between the C-reactive protein concentration and carotid IMT(IMT) were analyzed.Results: The concentrations of CRP and IMT were higher in the essential hypertension groups than those in the contrast group(P≤0.01).Positive correlation was found between concentrations of CRP and IMT.Conclusion: The increased concentrations of serum CRP were closely correlated with increased carotid intima-media thickness in patients with hypertension.CRP,like TC,TG and IMT,was related with the degree of atherosclerosis.Inflammation is probably involved in the course of hypertension.Decrease in the concentrations of serum CRP and the control of inflammation can prevent the development of atherosclerosis.


Renal collecting duct NH3 secretion is a key element of acid‐base regulation and has been attributed to passive diffusion. Mammalian Rh Glycoproteins are similar to Mep/Amt ammonia transporters in other organisms.[jvr1] Rh C Glycoprotein (Rhcg) is expressed in the collecting duct. To determine if the collecting duct secretes NH3 via Rhcg, we generated mice with collecting duct‐specific Rhcg deletion (KO), which we confirmed by immunohistochemistry. KO mice had loxP sites in introns 4 and 9 of the Rhcg gene (Rhcgfl/fl) and expressed Cre‐recombinase under control of the Ksp‐cadherin promoter (Ksp‐Cre). Control (C) mice were Rhcgfl/fl but Ksp‐Cre‐negative. Basal urinary ammonia excretion was less in KO vs C mice (71±9 vs 94±6 μmol d−1, n=8 and 6, p<0.05). In mice acid‐loaded by adding 0.4M HCl to normal rodent chow, day 1 urinary ammonia excretion did not change significantly in KO mice (Δ=‐16±19 μmol d−1, n=6, p=NS), whereas it increased significantly in C mice (Δ=154±37 μmol d−1, n=6, p<0.005). Urinary ammonia excretion was significantly less in KO vs C mice each subsequent day. After 7 days, metabolic acidosis, measured as serum [HCO3−], was more severe in KO than C mice (16.2±1.0 vs 20.5±0.8 mmol/L, p<0.02, n=6 and 5). Other differences between acid‐loaded KO and C mice included lower urine pH at day 2 and decreased glutamine synthetase and increased PEPCK and Rhbg expression at day 7 in KO mice. We conclude: 1) collecting duct ammonia secretion is, at least in part, mediated by Rhcg and not due solely to passive NH3 diffusion; and 2) during metabolic acidosis compensatory responses to Rhcg deletion contribute to partial increases in ammonia excretion.


THE PRINCIPAL REQUIREMENT IN ESTABLISHING HIGHWAY PLANTINGS IS SPEED. HOWEVER, IN MANY AREAS WOODY ORNAMENTAL PLANTS ARE MORE EFFICIENT THAN GRASS. AT PRESENT MOST SUCH PLANTS ARE EMPLACED ONLY AFTER SEVERAL SEASONS' GROWTH. IN THE CASE OF SLOPES, OTHER MEANS OF ESTABLISHMENT MUST BE USED. DIRECT SEEDING AND USE OF YOUNG SEEDLINGS HAVE BEEN TRIED, BUT ALMOST NO ATTEMPTS HAVE BEEN MADE AT MASS PROPAGATION WITH ROOT CUTTINGS, IN SPITE OF THE FACT THAT THIS METHOD IS PROBABLY THE LEAST EXPENSIVE AND MOST SIMPLE ONE, CAN BE ACCOMPLISHED BY MECHANICAL MEANS, AND IS THE BEST ONE FOR INCREASING PLANTS THAT DO NOT BEAR RELIABLE SEED. WITH THE FOREGOING IN MIND, EXPERIMENTS WERE DESIGNED TO EVALUATE THE FOLLOWING: (1) FEASIBILITY OF STABILIZING ROADSIDE SLOPES WITH WOODY ORNAMENTAL PLANTS PROPAGATED FROM ROOT CUTTINGS, (2) RESPONSE OF SPECIES OF PLANTS COMMONLY PROPAGATED BY ROOT CUTTINGS UNDER HIGHWAY CONDITIONS, (3) RATES OF PLANTING OF ROOT CUTTINGS NECESSARY FOR SUFFICIENT SLOPE COVER, (4) OPTIMUM PLANTING DATES FOR PROPAGATION BY ROOT CUTTINGS, AND (5) USE OF GROWTH REGULATORS FOR INDUCTON OF ROOTS ON ROOT CUTTINGS. THE DESIGN AND RESULTS OF THREE EXPERIMENTS ARE REPORTED.


Two only partially known species of the family Gammaridae (Crustacea Amphipoda), Gammarus werneri (S. Karaman 1934) and Gammarus paraorientalis G. Kar. (new comb.) are treated. Rivulogammarus kesslerianus werneri ssp. n. has been shortly described by S. Karaman (1934) from Iznik (Asia Minor, NE Turkey) and later considered synonym of Gammarus balcanicus Schäferna 1922 (G. Karaman, 2003).Based on detailed study of holotype and one more recent sample of the same species from Iznik, this species is redescribed, figured and elevated to the species rank, Gammarus werneri (S. Karaman, 1934), belonging to Gammarus balcanicus Complex,Rivulogammarus balcanicus orientalis ssp. n. has been described by S. Karaman (1934) from Derbend [eastern site of Erdschias- dag (=Erciyas-dagi), Asia Minor (Turkey)]. Recently this species was redescribed and figured as distinct species, Gammarus orientalis (S. Karaman, 1934) from type locality and adjacent localities (G. Karaman, 2017). The new study showed that the name Gammarus orientalis is "nomen preoccupatum", because the species under the same name has been described by Dana (1852) from Sundai, and new name for G. orientalis from Iznik is proposed, Gammarus paraorientalis G. Kar. (new name).


In this study, an enzymatic glucose biosensor based on a three-dimensional gold nanodendrite (GND) modified screen-printed electrode was developed. The GNDs were electrochemically synthesized on the working electrode component of a commercially available screen-printed electrode using a solution acquired by dissolving bulk gold in aqua regia as the precursor. The 3D GND electrode greatly enhanced the effective sensing area of the biosensor, which improved the sensitivity of glucose detection. Actual glucose detections demonstrated that the fabricated devices could perform at a sensitivity of 46.76 μA mM−1 cm−2 with a linear detection range from 28 μM–8.4 mM and detection limit of 7 μM. A fast response time (∼3 s) was also observed. Moreover, only a 20 μl glucose oxidase is required for detection owing to the incorporation of the commercially available screen-printed electrode.


Although virtually unstudied, the introduction of the philosophy of positivism into Chile acted as a catalyst upon the development of that country during the decade before the War of the Pacific. Scholars have given appropriate attention to the influence of positivism as it became significant in other Latin American countries during the eighteen-seventies, and Leopold Zea has discussed the importance of that philosophic system in Chile during the years which followed the west coast conflict of 1879-1883. However, despite the ever increasing number of articles and monographs dealing with positivism, the historians of Latin America have ignored the philosophy's growth in the Republic of Chile before the war and the effect of that growth upon the ideologies already extant in the Pacific coast nation.


1) Results: Please rephrase lines 2-3 to correct the information "The prevalence of the thinness categories tended to change according to age." According to the results presented by authors, using the IS reference the prevalence of the thinness categories tended to change according to age for both sexes. Using the WHO reference this trend is confirmed only for girls. We have reformulated the sentence as suggested by the Reviewer 2) Conclusion: I suggest delete the last phrase "Universal cut-offs...thinness categories", as this statement cannot be concluded with the analysis and results of the present article. This phrase sounds like a suggestion not as a conclusion. We agree with the Reviewer. This sentence was meant to put the findings in a broader perspective. This information appears in the discussion and has been deleted from the abstract. METHODS AND POPULATION 3) The most important concern refers to the statistical methods used: to compare the prevalence of thinness using the WHO and IS references I suggest a concordance test, for example the kappa statistic. To evaluate the differences in prevalence between the categories of thinness, with the use of the different references, by chi square test or ICs, does not mean that the same children were classified in one of the categories using the two international references. So it is not possible to conclude that there were no differences between certain categories of thinness using the statistical tests described in this article. We thank the Reviewer to raise this important issue but we respectfully disagree in some details with the Reviewer. The concern of the Reviewer would be valid if thinness was defined, for example, as weight for age (and sex) in one reference and BMI for age (and sex) in another reference. Because the IS and WHO definitions are based on the very same dimension, i.e. BMI by sex and age, a same prevalence of a thinness category along both the IS reference and the WHO reference necessarily implies that the same children are classified as thin for both references along the considered thinness category. Inversely, when the prevalence along IS or WHO differs, say prevalence is 5% with IS and 8% with WHO, this necessarily means that 5% of the same children are thin along both IS and WHO and an additional 3% are thin along the WHO reference. This is well apparent in the Figures. In this respect, a kappa statistic does not add much information, unlike for dimensions that are made of several indicators. For example, if we had compared different definition of the metabolic syndrome, say ATP III and IDF, different children would be classified as having MS with each definition and a concordance statistic (such as kappa) would be useful. 4) Do the authors take into account the fact that the same child may have had an examination at different time points across 1998 and 2004? Indeed a proportion of all children have been seen two times since children can be seen every 3-4 years along the surveillance system. We have added that "Because surveys take place every year in four grades and a same child can be seen at intervals of 3-4 years, observations among 33,340 children during 9 years correspond to observations in 19'764 different children". 5) Last paragraph: In the results section (Figures 3 and 4) the authors commented the differences in prevalence of thinness using IS and WHO references. This description is lacking in the Methods section. Please, describe the statistical analysis used to access the differences in prevalence of thinness using IS and WHO references, across genders and ages. No statistical test was used for estimating differences between prevalence along IS and WHO references. In our study, we have data on the entire population (of children) of the country. Hence, it is not a random sample of this population and estimates of variance cannot be determined in this situation. Furthermore, multiple testing (if we had random samples of the population) would be a problem because of the multitude of tests needed to assess for differences in all thinness categories in all age categories. Furthermore, testing for differences for categories with low or very low prevalence, which correspond to the lowest values of BMI, can be particularly sensitive to measurement errors in a few readings (misreporting, error in readings of height or weight) and differences in such instances should be taken with caution. Hence, we believe that the best analysis in the case of our study is to assess the overall patterns in these prevalences along sex and age. If our study and other studies in other populations consistently suggest specific differences, further studies should investigate these differences along specific hypothesis and an ad hoc pre-specified analysis plan. 6) If the authors choose to present the Figures 1 and 2 (whose figures I suggest to delete from the article), please describe why and how these figures are important to the article in the methods section. We believe that these figures are useful. Our paper has no a priori hypothesis about what difference is expected between the two references as few previous data are available. The two figures show to the readers how the IS and WHO references classify thinness categories along sex and age in the population of Seychelles. The apparent patterns (e.g. difference along age) can inform specific hypothesis for future studies. 7) Please insert indications of the software used for data entering and statistical analyses, and the adopted level of statistical significance. We have added in the MS that we used Stata 10 and reported 95% confidence intervals. See also our response to the point 5 above.


In this paper, several ways to handle missing data, e.g. removing cases, mean imputation, and multiple imputation, are described and discussed. The Pima-Indians-Diabetes data set is used as a case ...


There has been considerable interest in the development of erbium-doped thin films during the last years. Among the great amount of different fabrication techniques, the sol-gel process is very interesting for its high chemical flexibility and its low cost. In this communication, we report on the investigation of YETO (Yz.,Er,Ti20i) thin films of good optical quality using the Aerosol-gel process. This original deposition technique consists in the sol-gel transformation of a liquid film deposited from an ultrasonically generated aerosol. It bas been demonstrated to be a suitable method for the preparation of optically active thin films [I]. Different heat-treatment procedures have been applied in order to study the influence of the thin film microstructure on the spectroscopic properties. YETO films were found to crystallise in the pyrochlore phase at around 785"C, depending on the heat-treatment duration. X-Ray diffraction and TEM analysis show no parasitic phases. TEM analysis shows that the grains size is around 300 nm when the films are heat-treated in a conventional furnace at 785°C for 20 min. The size could be decreased to a mean value of 70 nm when using a Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA) heat-treatment at 850°C for 15 s . For a ;oping ratio of Er:Y = 1:75, strong photoluminescence (PL) emission centred at 1.53 pm was detected for both amorphous and crystalline films when pumping at 980 nm in a waveguiding configuration. Clear correlation between microstructure and PL properties has been evidenced. Amorphous films show broad PL spectra (FWHM = 50 nm). The PL lifetime is 2 ms. Crystalline films exhibit PL spectra composed of several sharp peaks, resulting from Stark-splitting of the erbium energy levels. Moreover, the corresponding PL lifetime is improved to 7 ms. Thus the YETO solid sotiition is found to dilute homogeneously erbium ions in the crystalline lattice. The PL intensity appears to be twice higher for best amorphous samples than for best crystalline samples. This effect is attributed to scattering losses induced by light diffusion at the grain boundaries. The erbium content was vaned in the Er:Y ratio range of 1:7 to 1:300. A value of 7-8 ms was measured for crystalline YETO films doped with a Er:Y ratio of 1:300 to 1:75 (5.1019 to 2.10" erbium ions/cm'). The PL lifetime decreases for higher concentration. This is due to quenching interactions occuring between vicinal erbium ions within the pyrochlore lattice. The quenching concentrations of YETO films were deduced from the 8


The authors investigated whether plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) is a predictive factor for arterial stiffness (carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity [cf‐PWV] and carotid‐radial PWV) in 1447 patients from a 4.8‐year prospective study in Beijing, People's Republic of China. Baseline tHcy showed a significant relationship with follow‐up cf‐PWV (β=0.817, P=.015) in a multivariable linear regression analysis. A stepwise logistic regression model showed that baseline levels of tHcy were significantly associated with follow‐up cf‐PWV in the adjusted models. Furthermore, the baseline tHcy levels showed a significant association with increases in cf‐PWV. There was no association between the change in tHcy and increase in PWV. The present study clearly demonstrated an association between tHcy levels and arterial stiffness, indicating that tHcy is an independent predictive factor for arterial stiffness in a community‐based population.


This paper explores the interaction of Better Work Indonesia (BWI) with the public labour inspectorate in that country. We consider the programmes and mechanisms of interaction, and also how Better Work's contributions are implemented. We present here the preliminary findings of our field work, using the analytic model presented in Kolben's study of the interaction between Better Work Jordan and the Jordanian labour inspectorate. His concept of "dialogic regulation" captures and distinguishes between the degree of institutional formality in which interaction takes place, and the degree of subjective intentionality of the parties in their interaction. We find that the interaction between BWI and the Ministry has altered and shaped how labour inspection in Indonesia is conceptualised and managed in practice. The BWI model seems to have contributed to a recent initiative to require that enterprises have "Labour Norms Cadres". BWI also appears to have influenced the interaction between the central and district levels of the Indonesian inspectorate. Although it has never been an explicit programmatic objective of Better Work, our findings suggest that in Indonesia, the public labour inspectorate has been strengthened as a result of its interactions with BWI, even if that has come about largely in an ad hoc fashion. Our findings tend to reinforce those of other empirical studies of the interaction of private and public compliance. Prior studies have shown that the empirical reality is far more complex than some of the policy or theoretical arguments would accommodate. It transpires that displacement, for example, may not be a risk, even if only because of limited resources – at least in the case of Indonesia. Our findings also tend to suggest that complementarity in regulatory regimes may be feasible, even if the mechanisms and mechanics by which that can be achieved are likely to vary significantly according to the country and the context, and may often only be discovered through trial and error, and through persistence of interaction.


Induced breeding by hypophysation technique is widely known as an effort conducted to stimulate ripe fish breeders to induce ovulation of eggs and spawning through injection of pituitary gland. This research was aimed to determine the most effective dosage of frog (F. cancrivora) pituitary gland which best accelerates ovulation of eggs and spawning of common carp fish (C. carpio). The experimental method was performed with 4 different doses treatment levels (0, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 ml/kg) per female brood fish with 3 replications. All data collected from the research was then statistically analyzed using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method. This research indicated that the most effective dosage was T3 treatment with a dose of 0.5 ml/kg of frogs' pituitary gland per female brood fish. This treatment showed the highest increase of estradiol-17ß concentration (25253.65 ± 1050.68) pg/ml, and the fastest spawning period (12.03 ± 0.44) hours. The result proves that pituitary gland of crab-eater frog (F. cancrivora) can be used for induced breeding of common carps (C. carpio) with competitive performance compare to other pituitaries.


The article focuses on the argumentative line of the psychiatrists in charge using the perception of psychopathy when declaring drug addicts legally incompetent at the Hamburg Staatskrankenanstalt Friedrichsberg (State Hospital Friedrichsberg) in the second half of the 1920s. Declaring a person incompetent, or rather requesting such a measure, was the prerequisite for the initiation of compulsory detoxification programs as they were pursued and enforced in larger numbers by state authorities and psychiatric and medical institutions in Hamburg. While § 6,3 BGB (Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch/code of law) provided a legal basis for declaring an alcoholic as legally incompetent, the same was not the case in regard to drug addicts until 1975. In such cases, § 6,1 BGB had to be employed and a so-called mental weakness had to be diagnosed. Starting in the mid-1920s, a certain argumentative structure emerged in the relevant Friedrichsberg reports (Gutachten). Psychopathy, and especially personality disorders such as weak will or instability, is initially interpreted by psychiatrists as a specific pathological disposition resulting in drug addiction. The consumption of drugs is then regarded as a factor which reinforced these character traits – traits that were considered pathological defects. From all this it was concluded that mental weakness was the result of the lack of important mental functions and not a result of drug addiction. The argumentative pattern described above and used by Hamburg psychiatrists was heavily derived from the thinking pattern of legal scholars. On the one hand, the concept of psychopathy manifests itself in the interpretation and explanation of psychoses resulting from intoxication from a medical point of view. On the other, psychopathy reveals itself as an argumentative line borrowed from the judicial-administrative context; a context that was embedded in a specifically legalistic subtext.


Recently, experimental studies on closed cycle MHD power generation are being carried out as a promising topper generating cycle for gas turbine combined cycles. In closed cycle MHD, a working gas (argon or helium) should be heated up to about 2000°C by combustion gas. Therefore, development of a 2000°C class high temperature heat exchanger is required. A pebble bed regenerative heat exchanger was installed in the FUJI-1 test facility at Tokyo Institute of Technology, inhere maximum operating temperature has been limited to about 1850°C due to use of Al2O3 pebbles. This paper describes the reconstruction work on this heat exchanger aiming at increasing its operative temperature up to about 2000°C. New brick and pebble materials, made of Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 have been developed for this reconstruction work. The reconstructed heat exchanger is successfully operated at a maximum temperature of about 2100°C.


The great majority of this book focuses in on public security in the form of law enforcement. However, it would be a mistake not to consider private security as an essential part of "tourism policing". Private security in many places around the world functions as either an adjunct to law enforcement or as a close ally to these public agencies.


It is well known that the operators mainly employed in quantum theory are hermitian; it is less well known amongst physicists that they are required, in addition, to be self-adjoint. This is essential for the validity of the result known in quantum theory as the representation theorem and in the mathematical theory as the resolution of the identity. The purpose of this paper is to show that the self-adjoint operators can be characterized by a condition which is nearer to having a physical significance than those given in the literature.


Dissection in anatomy teaching is key in medicine; however, a debate is underway about whether it complements well a modern curriculum in the digital era. We aimed to determine whether a short add-on dissection practise facilitates learning of the gross anatomy relative to studying it with just prosection, plastic models, and digital 3D atlases. We tested the hypothesis that dissection, even if brief, benefits both aptitudes and attitudes with respect to anatomy learning. A total of 106 1st year medical students studied the musculoskeletal system with prosection and models and a 3D digital atlas (5 h). Of these, 52 had a further 2 hours self-directed dissection session (a handout was provided with instructions) while the reminder 54 students, who lacked the experience of dissection, formed the control group. Academic grades and student satisfaction were evaluated. The dissection group obtained 10% higher grades in anatomy (F1,51 = 12.71, p < 0.001) and were highly satisfied with the dissection session (Likert scale 0–5, median = 4, IQR = 3.5), also rating the sessions as particularly motivating (median = 4, IQR = 4.4). We conclude that human body dissection, even for a limited time, has a positive impact on human anatomy grades in 1st year medical students, and is valued and motivating.


We replaced the benzoyl moiety by ferrocenoyl in benzoylphenylurea, and synthesized a series of new benzoylphenylureas containing a ferrocenyl moiety by the reaction of carbamylferrocene with phenylisocyanate in good yields. The title compounds were identified by IR, 1H NMR spectroscopy, electron-impact mass spectrometry and elemental analyses. The crystal structure of 1-ferrocenoyl-3-phenylurea was determined. The bioactivities of the new compounds were also determined. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Jay Chow, the Taiwan-born singer-song writer, is undeniably the most popular singer in contemporary China in terms of his album sales and the popularity of his pan-China concert. With his genuine fusion of global rap and RB even the World Music Award in September 2004, a popular music award second to Grammy Award, held in Las Vegas bestows Jay an honor with the highest record sales in China. The significance lies in the implication of success of Jay's marketing for the entire China and even Asia market. Why would a Taiwan-born 25-year-old singe -, without flaunting its connectedness to China or holding a return tag of the West - could culturally and commercially sweep the entire China with his own style, persona and imaginaries, while China politically is perturbed by the independence issue of Taiwan? From a political economy perspective, what kind of cultural strategies that Jay Chow embrace in order to surmount the various political, economic and cultural constraints involved in a China market? Illustrating how Jay Chow meanders these structural limits and political agendas of popular culture which are usually unseen and untold, and by theorizing a framework of representation of how external popular culture could cut across geopolitical spaces and surmounts entry barrier would not only be practically beneficial for other culture products of Asia, including Korean dramas, songs and films, to be marketed and distributed to China. It also sheds light on the ideologies of the evolving Chinese popular culture under a political economy framework. In a nutshell, this paper explicates the strategic move of how Jay Chow's music production has wittingly strategized to construct images and products that can locally and nationally assimilated into the Chinese culture and nationally accepted and allowed as a "prototype" of culture products with its political standard authoritatively acknowledged by the state. The study focuses on Jay Chow's icons and marketing strategies, and his twist from a "foreign" singer to a Chinese artist deprived of its political representation if it has.


Measurements of charge-to-mass ratios of paint powders applied electrostatically with corona guns are often subject to error because ions are collected at the same time as the charged powder. The authors present the results of tests with a Faraday pail with self-regulating ion repulsion, using a Teflon shield with holes mounted between the corona painting gun and the pail. The shield acquires a high surface charge from the ionic bombardment. When the charge reaches a saturation level, it repels the ionic bombardment almost completely and only powder is entrained in the Faraday pail in the flow. The calculated charge-to-mass ratios of silica dust powder with and without the Teflon shield are shown. Without the Teflon shield and without taking into consideration the free ionic current which reaches the Faraday pail, the charge-to-mass ratios are shown to be one order of magnitude higher than the true charge-to-mass ratio values.<<ETX>>


The decision forutilization of a space of a retained deciduous molar to alleviate crowding in late mixed dentition is one of the critical aspects in orthodontic treatment.Hence, the aimof the treatment hereis to use the extraction spaces properly to relieve severe crowding and align both the arches to the point where a stable overjet/overbite exist. This case report presenting a 13-year-old female adolescent with severe crowding in both upper and lower jaw and a convex profile. Although she was initially anxious to extract her teeth to treat her case but also she was looking for desirable results. The case was later treated in a conventional orthodontic approach with extraction ofthree 1stpremolars. It was quite challenging to make the best use of the space of missing lower right 2nd premolar after extraction of deciduous second molar on that sideto relieve severe crowding. However; at the end of the treatment, the patient expressed satisfaction with the resultsproper bite, smile and most importantly esthetics. This case report demonstrates successful treatment of an adolescent patient with severe crowding by proper utilization of the extraction spaces.


SUMMARY Accident relevant driving manoeuvres are simulated by the multibody dynamics programme MEDYNA, which is now extended by tire and driver modules. The numerical simulation of vehicle handling dynamics and the evaluation of primary vehicle safety opens the way to provide criteria for an avoidability study of road traffic accidents.


The present invention relates to a security communication system having an analysis unit (10) and a number of series-connected subscriber (20, 30, 40) each having a sensor (26, 36, 46) and a method for signaling of system states. The evaluation unit (10) comprises a bidirectional signal connection (13), a ground terminal (14) and means for providing a predetermined signal for the participants. The participants (20, 30, 40) comprise a first and a second subscriber signal terminal (21, 31, 41), at least one ground terminal (23, 33, 43; 24, 34, 44) for a reference potential, a sensor (26, 36 , 46) and an electronic circuit (25, 35, 45). The electronic circuit (25, 35, 45) is designed for modulating the predetermined signal in order to signal a critical or non-critical system state, which is represented by an output signal of the respective sensor. The predetermined signal is transmitted from each subscriber (20, 30, 40) is modulated such that the state of the predetermined signal on at least one assigned to each subscriber station for a predetermined time is changed.


The use of mobile health applications and other technologies have promise to connect patients to physicians, but there is more work to be done, said Maulik D. Majmudar, MD, at the 2016 AHA Conference.


Three methods, i.e. the middle-value averaging, FIR digital filtering and wavelet de-noising, were used respectively to de-noise the MIMU's output signals. By comparing the processing results, the usability and superiority of the wavelet transform algorithm was proved. A real-time processing software was written, which improves the MIMU accuracy, so the navigation system's accuracy is improved.


H–{14N} spin tickling has been used to determine for the first time a 14N chemical‐shift anisotropy (ΔσN). The measurement was made on C1H314NC partially oriented in a nematic liquid‐crystal solvent, and the result is + 360 ± 73 ppm. The 14N nuclear quadrupole coupling constant was also measured and is + 272 ± 2 kHz, only 57% of the gas‐phase value. Using a simple valence model of CH3NC to supply the orbital parameters, Pople's chemical‐shift theory yields a value of ΔσN = + 675 ppm. e2qNQN / h was calculated to be + 880 kHz using the results of an all‐electron SCF calculation in a Townes–Dailey treatment modified to reflect expansion of the nitrogen atomic orbitals in the molecule. Considering the level of approximation used in both calculations, the agreement with experiment is satisfactory. The problem of knowing the molecular geometry of CH3NC in the nematic phase is discussed along with the related difficulty of determining a reliable value for the anisotropy in the NH indirect coupling tensor.


In the presidential address to Division Two in 1959 1 cited a then current controversy regarding the nature of undergraduate instruction in psychology (McKinney, 1960). The Carnegie Study Group on Improving Undergraduate Instruction saw the training for rigorous habit of thought, and attitudes of caution and responsibility as the goals. They agreed these were best achieved by emphasis on knowledge of course content. They cautioned against "direct frontal efforts to modify students' habits and attitudes," and that "personal use of psychological material remains the responsibility of the student rather than of the instructor who should not be expected to act as therapist, consultant in practical affairs, or reformer of character." Other psychologists publishing at that time proposed that psychology should make fairly immediate and direct contributions to student adjustment problems. Now 20 years have elapsed and in the meantime we have experienced an unpopular war, an unprecedented, politically active student generation, and other marked cultural changes in the college milieu. A notable increase in psychological services on the campus has taken place as well as alterations in undergraduate psychology texts in the direction of the personal application of psychology. There has also been an unprecedented increase in personal improvement information available to the public, including many do-it-yourself self-help paperback books, some written by well-known psychologists. There are similar changes in the classroom (Worthington, 1979). As an example of some of the specific changes in undergraduate psychology courses and the attitudes about these changes, consider two courses in our department. Recently, as we shortened the closed circuit TV portions of our introductory course, we added among other "live" material, five lectures on self help material. One of these lectures is entitled "You and psychology." It demonstrates how the findings presented in the text and lectures can be applied to the students' daily lives. The sections on learning, personality and social relations provided many examples. This portion of the course included also the following: A lecture on the self-concept in which was discussed topics such as self-image and self-esteem; a brief video tape interview with a psychology major who was an experienced transcendental meditator, demonstrations of Jacobson's progressive relaxation, discussions of Wolpe's systematic desensitization and Benson's "relaxation response." The students who chose to remain in the class during these demonstrations participated in the exercises. The Personal Adjustment course consisted of five sections of approximately 50students each. They were taught by selected advanced graduate students. The texts used were a standard adjustment text plus a text on self-modification. The instructors strongly encouraged these projects and other changes in personal behavior. Students in both classes served as subjects in an assessment of the value of self-help material. A two page questionnaire with several parts was distributed. One part requested a rating on the extent they were helped by the activities in the course. A five point rating scale was used. The highest frequency of responses in the General course was "somewhat helpful" with 74% endorsing it, in the Adjustment course 46.6% checked this response and 44.1% of them checked "very helpful". Another section in the questionnaire listed 20 areas or sources of help included in the course. Five of the topics yielding the highest frequencies of checks by the Adjustment (A) class were also highest in the General (G) class. They were "importance of earlier experience and development" (G--42%; A-45%); "use of reward and reinforcement" (G-41%; A-20%); "coping with frustration, conflict and defenses", (G-34%; A-25%); "perception of others and social influences" (G-50%; A-28%); "systematic self observation" ( G 4 0 % ; A-63%). The part of the questionnaire that asked students to specifically describe the help they received was rated as to specificity (as contrasted to general statements) by two teaching assistants on a five point scale. The ratings showed only moderate specificity (rating 3, G = 45.2%; A = 38.3%; rating 4, G = 24.5%; A = 46.7%). (Five was the highest rating of specificity.) The students were also required to rate the value of this help. This was low (G = rating 1,38.3%; rating 2, 39.7%; A = rating 1, 35.0%; rating 2, 45.2%; 5 was the highest value). Finally, students had an opportunity to endorse the statement "I don't think much personal value can result from classes, especially lectures, demonstrations and illustrations." They could have checked these alternatives to classes: counseling services, or growth, ortraining sessions. The students in both classes as a majority rejected the first statement that discredited personal help from classes (G-56%, A-76.8%) and unlike their teachers' predictions, they only sparsely recommended any of the alternatives. The results of this questionnaire indicate a tendency of students to speak positively about the insights and suggestions applicable to thei rown life that they received from these undergraduate psychology classes. This is not a new discovery. Students for years have made such verbal comments to their instructors and others, but today we offer them better developed techniques. Also, presently more students expect some form of assistance with personal problems. We see from these data that the traditional General course, with afew lectures on application to oneself, will produce comments that compare fairly well with the Adjustment course which contains optional self-modification projects. Both groups of students do rather well in stating the area of the course from which the positive suggestions came. They are only moderately successful indescribing in theirown wordsspecifically the help they received. They are quite moderate in their rating of the amount of help they obtained from these


Two rare Ramphotyphlops , described in 1934 and 1993 and known only from their respective types, are rediscovered among some unidentified, no data specimens in NMW. Brief descriptions and photographs are provided for these important specimens.