The article discusses the features of the digital transformation of the industry and the formation of a comfortable environment for interaction among the organization, its suppliers, consumers and other stakeholders. It is noted that digital transformation is designed to simplify the activities of organizations, especially in terms of its document flow and necessary communications with market entities.


The practice of masquerade in Carnival has implications for the way that citizenship is articulated, mobilized and made meaningful in Trinidad. This is exemplified by artists who make and wear 'Indian mas' costumes. 'Indian mas' refers to a type of costumed performance, ritually played out on the two days of the year before Lent, which portrays aspects of Native American or American 'Indian' dress, beliefs, iconography and history. It is a masquerade that underscores mas makers' understandings of politics, practices of informal nationalism and approaches to citizenship. This mas does not seek to exactly replicate the material culture of Native American 'Indians'. The working-class, Hindu, Indo-Trinidadian makers and players of this mas express a creolized re-interpretation. This has significance for their identities within, but also beyond, Carnival. The implications can be seen in their negotiations with state bureaucracy over forms of governmentality in the lead up to Carnival; routes, prizes and judging on Carnival days; and expressions of citizenship and politics at other times of the year. An ethnographic case study of the Lionel Jagessar and Associates' Mas Camp, in the City of San Fernando, Trinidad, highlights how performative articulations of fairness, reciprocity and leadership can intersect the spectacular with the power of sociality. More importantly, the configurations of gender, ethnicity and nationalism described point to the messy interlocking of habitus and rupture. This, in turn, suggests a way to navigate occidental categories and map unexpected ambiguities in claims of political subjectivity.


That, as V. contends, the god of Cleanthes—and of the other Stoics—sometimes seems to be transcendent, and their pantheism more like 'panentheism', simply means that their pantheism was not consistent. And if their inconsistencies are the most fruitful parts of their doctrine, nevertheless it is the monism which is fundamental, not the divergencies from it. In spite of the alleged dualism V. himself goes on talking of Cleanthes' materialistic monism, and his view that the universe is an organism with a material soul and material bodily parts; and seems to insist on a breakdown of determinism only in regard to the inner attitude of the individual human soul. I should add that V. also seems to me to fail in his attempt to prove Cleanthes' indebtedness to Aristotle's de philosophia both for his materialism (especially in psychology) and for one of his arguments (the Platonic argument from the 'grades of being') for the existence of God.


We provoke. In this conceptual piece, we challenge the value of two dominant models of the entrepreneurial process that have existed over the past two decades—the creativity school and the logic of effectuation. We point out their weaknesses and their unfulfilled promises, and we argue for the field to move on forward with different ideas. We identify the lessons our field should learn so as to minimize the possibility of potentially detrimental model dominance in the future. We then outline three alternative approaches to modeling entrepreneurial decision-making that suggest further skills and policies required in improve the entrepreneurial process.


DISSPROWM is an integrated modeling system for prediction of fate of produced water pollutants in offshore environments, for determining the best treatment technology and for assessment of risk and hazards to human and marine species from non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic pollutants present in the produced water including radionuclides. It consists of a Windows based Graphical User Interface (GUI) developed with Microsoft Visual Basic that integrates a SQL Server database, an initial dilution model, a dispersion model and risk assessment modules for human beings and marine species. Mukhtasor's model (Mukhtasor, 2001) is used as the initial dilution model and is good of uniform flow only. USEPA Cormix has been used for uniform as well as non-uniform or stratified flow. The database contains hundreds of pollutants and their properties that are required in dispersion and risk assessment modeling. The database also contains current produced water regulations and information on some of the selected existing treatment technologies with typical cost data required for decision-making purposes.


The study has analysed the levels of the existing apartment housing according to the green building performance criteria and identified the elements which can be factored for the enhancement of the green building performances. Followingly, the study has made a few suggestions in order to promote the apartment housing policies, which are supposedly to result in the long term adoption of the apartment housing in the future. In the upshot, the study concludes as follows. Firstly, The level of the green building performance of the existing apartment is relatively low. Secondly, the fixed elements of the existing apartment housing are meeting the green building performance criteria to the higher degree, while the variable elements, to the lower degree. Therefore, it is construed that any effort to improve the environmental quality of the existing apartment housing in the future is prone to secure the higher degree of the green building performance. Thirdly, The study has listed the priority of the green building performance elements. Fourthly, The study has raised a need to modify and renovate the green building certification program.


Imaging flow cytometry (IFC) produces up to 12 different information-rich images of single cells at a throughput of 5000 cells per second. Yet often, cell populations are still studied using manual gating, a technique that has several drawbacks. Firstly, it is hard to reproduce. Secondly, it is subjective and biased. And thirdly, it is time-consuming for large experiments. Therefore, it would be advantageous to replace manual gating with an automated process, which could be based on stain-free measurements originating from the brightfield and darkfield image channels. To realise this potential, advanced data analysis methods are required, in particular, machine learning. Previous works have successfully tested this approach on cell cycle phase classification with both a classical machine learning approach based on manually engineered features, and a deep learning approach. In this work, we compare both approaches extensively on the complex problem of white blood cell classification. Four human whole blood samples were assayed on an ImageStream-X MK II imaging flow cytometer. Two samples were stained for the identification of 8 white blood cell types, while two other sample sets were stained for the identification of resting and active eosinophils. For both datasets, four machine learning classifiers were evaluated on stain-free imagery using stratified 5-fold cross-validation. On the white blood cell dataset the best obtained results were 0.776 and 0.697 balanced accuracy for classical machine learning and deep learning, respectively. On the eosinophil dataset this was 0.866 and 0.867 balanced accuracy. From the experiments we conclude that classifying distinct cell types based on only stain-free images is possible with these techniques. However, both approaches did not always succeed in making reliable cell subtype classifications. Also, depending on the cell type, we find that even though the deep learning approach requires less expert input, it performs on par with a classical approach.


The Paper examines the impact of engineering-related Government policies and practices on the community. The prime example is the use of the budgetary process to generate employment through the construction of capital works. The sequence of events which transpire between announcement and realisation of the desired effects are also discussed. The system of annual budgets presents special problems for projects which last more than a year and the problems are exacerbated by the timing which ensures that firm commitments cannot be taken until two to three months of the financial year have already passed. Recent budgets have been associated with employment-generating initiatives and the inherent urgency in implementation is sometimes in conflict with characteristics of the traditional budgetary and Government capital works processes. Capital works are seen, in some quarters, as capable of being turned on and off at short notice as can be done with service-type programmes. In reality, sudden changes in works programmes produce reactions throughout a wide section of the economy and the results are felt for many months. Even the 'prospect' of sudden changes produces nervousness and hesitation which leads to results which are counter to the intentions of the original Government initiative. The Paper discusses the degree to which the level of capital works can be varied at short notice to achieve Government objectives and the flow-on effect on the construction industry and the community.


It should be scientific and rational allocation of weights when evaluation index system is designed, and it is as accurately as possible to reveal the imbalance and value differences among the indexes. Based on the three primary indexes, 11 secondary indexes and 51 the third level indexes which make up industry-university cooperation education quality evaluation index system, the methods that were applicable to determine the index weight were compared, such as Delphi technique method, entropy method , fuzzy set analysis method , the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method, and finally Delphi technique method was chosen to determine industry-university cooperation educational quality evaluation index weight, and it lay the foundation of using other methods to contrastive study.


Microbending losses are for the first time estimated in index-guiding photonic crystal fibres, and comparisons with standard step-index fibres are made. The results indicate that typical photonic crystal fibres are significantly less sensitive (one order of magnitude smaller loss) towards microbending than standard optical fibres.


Decrease in the species composition similarity of herbivore assemblages with increasing phylogenetic distance between host plants is a widespread pattern. Here we used data for caterpillars in the Brazilian Cerrado to investigate how the similarity in caterpillar species composition decreases as the taxonomic level and genetic distance (GD) of their host plants increases. In addition, we elucidate the plant taxonomic level that provides the greatest contribution to turnover in the caterpillar species composition among host taxa. Adult Lepidoptera were reared from caterpillars collected from 52 plants over 13 yr in the same area, with each host plant sampled for 1 yr. Most species were specialists, with 66 percent of genus specialists among the nonsingleton species. The similarity in caterpillar species composition across plant taxa decreased from host species to genera, and from host genera to orders. Above this level, the similarity was consistently low. The GD between plants explained 82 percent of the variation in the similarity of caterpillar species composition. The contribution of caterpillar species turnover among host orders from the same superorder and among host superorders from the same subclass explained 70 percent of the caterpillar species richness as a whole. Our results lend support to the view that most tropical caterpillars are host specialists. Our findings further indicate that the number of orders and superorders of plants provide the greatest contribution to the total caterpillar richness compared with all of the other host taxonomic levels combined.


The objective of this work is to study the influence of compositional gradients on the microstructure of Cu(In, Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) absorber layers for thin-film solar cells. The deposition of CIGSe films in a multi-stage coevaporation process leads to compositional gradients of gallium and indium, in dependence on process parameters such as the integral gallium content. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) enables the determination of structural defects and elemental distributions at identical sample positions. The occurrence of linear (dislocations) and planar defects (stacking faults, microtwins) is studied by means of TEM images along the length of the CIGSe layers. The spatial distribution of the grains is given by electron-backscatter diffraction (EBSD) pattern-quality maps. Elemental distribution maps obtained by EDX exhibit strong Ga/In gradients inside a single large grain along the absorber depth. However, the CIGSe film shows no lateral variations within our measurement accuracy parallel to the substrate inside the grains or in the vicinity of the grain boundaries.


1. Introduction A Built Environmental System (BES), illustrated in Figure 1, typically consists of several subsystems that interact with each other and with the surrounding environment through "flows" of air, heat, moisture, contaminants, light, sound, water, electricity and information. Environmental control tasks are defined with respect to human occupants. Information regarding the indoor environment is to be collected by strategically placed and often redundant sensors that measure a variety of environmental parameters and conditions. This information is transported over a reliable communication network to computing nodes, possibly connected by wireless links.


The present thesis is a work of research and information gathering of the Parish of San Antonio de Pichincha, focused on lifting the attractions of the place with the aim of creating a tourist route. Through this process it has been possible to demonstrate the cultural richness that has the Ecuador, just take a small piece of land. San Antonio de Pichincha enjoys this priceless cultural value. Thanks to its location from the past this area has been of great importance, since it is here that populations settled as Quitus, Cayambis and Yumbos all these migrated and new territories were located. The Inca Empire was also present and test them different altars are found in the place, the most representative is Rumicucho Ruins. The arrival of the Geodesic Mission is another event within the parish placing it in the middle of the world; this has developed to place touristically. With this work we want to promote that has other attractive San Antonio de Pichincha and have not been able to develop a more efficient way.


rulers and ruled alike, and hence could deny the existence of any "public" law over and beyond this. Professor Friedmann argues that the modern state must be concerned with the balance between social welfare and individual freedom; hence there must be a public law limiting administrative discretion so as to maintain a reasonable balance between the needs of administration and the legal security of the individual. In general, public law problems are seldom appreciated or recognized in their full importance in the common law setting in which they generally appear. And yet both courts and legislature in England are gradually abandoning the former presumption that doubts must be resolved in favor of the special protection of private rights. The predominant judicial attitude (shown in many cases reviewed in the volume) is coming to be one of balancing the interests concerned without any predisposition either way.


The low-frequency noise characteristics of GaAs MESFETs operating at very low power and at cryogenic temperatures of 77 and 10 K as well as at room temperature are discussed. A self-aligned gate and a buried p-layer were incorporated to maximize device gain and minimize low-frequency noise. Measurements at 77 K show a noise voltage spectral density of 1.0-2.0 mu V/ square root Hz at 1.0 Hz (referred to the transistor input) with a drain current of 1.0 mu A.<<ETX>>


The epithelial Na+channel (ENaC) is a low-conductance channel that is highly selective for Na+ and Li+ over K+ and impermeable to anions. The molecular basis underlying these conduction properties is not well known. Previous studies with the ENaC subunits demonstrated that the M2 region of α-ENaC is critical to channel function. Here we examine the effects of reversing the negative charges of highly conserved amino acids in α-subunit human ENaC (α-hENaC) M1 and M2 domains. Whole cell and single-channel current measurements indicated that the M2 mutations E568R, E571R, and D575R significantly decreased channel conductance but did not affect Na+:K+permeability. We observed no functional perturbations from the M1 mutation E108R. Whole cell amiloride-sensitive current recorded from oocytes injected with the M2 α-hENaC mutants along with wild-type (wt) β- and γ-hENaC was low (46–93 nA) compared with the wt channel (1–3 μA). To determine whether this reduced macroscopic current resulted from a decreased number of mutant channels at the plasma membrane, we coexpressed mutant α-hENaC subunits with green fluorescent protein-tagged β- and γ-subunits. Confocal laser scanning microscopy of oocytes demonstrated that plasma membrane localization of the mutant channels was the same as that of wt. These experiments demonstrate that acidic residues in the second transmembrane domain of α-hENaC affect ion permeation and are thus critical components of the conductive pore of ENaC.


Based on the health statistical data,it had applied Gini Coefficient and Theil Index to evaluate the equity of health resource allocation.The results showed that three major health resource indicators which are hospital beds,number of doctors and nurses.basicly are equity,The trends of equity in the number of doctors and nurses are raising,and the allocation of hospital beds is in the trends on decreasing.


When anesthetized, paralyzed patients were mechanically ventilated at rapid frequencies such that the time available for exhalation was insufficient, gas was retained in the thorax. Gas trapping became more pronounced as respiratory frequency increased. For any patient, the minimum length of time needed for virtual completion of exhalation could be predicted from measurements of total respiratory compliance and resistance. At moderately rapid respiratory frequencies, incomplete exhalation due to insufficient available time was partially compensated by increases in transthoracic pressure that permitted exhalation of larger volumes in the time available and were accompanied by increases in end-expiratory lung volume.


The H-D exchange reaction of methyl group of adsorbed isopropyl alcohol-d8 with surface OH group was studied over several metal oxides by means of reflectance IR spectroscopy. Zirconium oxide and ThO2 showed a significant catalytic activity for the exchange reaction, though SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, and SiO2–Al2O3 were all inactive.


We have studied the parameters of central hemodynamics in relation to the physical activity tolerance in women with rheumatic heart disease. The increase of the depth and severity of the valve apparatus lesions is associated with an increase of functional class of heart failure. In pregnant women with rheumatic heart diseases, the heart failure signs develop on the background of minimal changes of linear and volumetric parameters of the myocardium, which does not exceed the normal limits.


Significance In the evolutionary history of mammals, invasion of aquatic habitats is associated with profound morphological changes. Because mammalian systems of olfaction and thermoregulation are challenged by aquatic environments, it was previously hypothesized that amphibious mammals have reduced olfactory capacity but enhanced thermoregulatory capacity. Using newly acquired three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) scans of nasal cavities from terrestrial and amphibious mammals, we found strong statistical support for this hypothesis. Our results show a strong trade-off between olfactory and thermoregulatory capacities in amphibious mammals, with morphological changes that occurred 5.4 times faster than the background rate. The rapid rate of morphological change and convergent patterns we identified demonstrate the adaptation experienced by mammals during the many transitions to amphibious habits. Olfaction and thermoregulation are key functions for mammals. The former is critical to feeding, mating, and predator avoidance behaviors, while the latter is essential for homeothermy. Aquatic and amphibious mammals face olfactory and thermoregulatory challenges not generally encountered by terrestrial species. In mammals, the nasal cavity houses a bony system supporting soft tissues and sensory organs implicated in either olfactory or thermoregulatory functions. It is hypothesized that to cope with aquatic environments, amphibious mammals have expanded their thermoregulatory capacity at the expense of their olfactory system. We investigated the evolutionary history of this potential trade-off using a comparative dataset of three-dimensional (3D) CT scans of 189 skulls, capturing 17 independent transitions from a strictly terrestrial to an amphibious lifestyle across small mammals (Afrosoricida, Eulipotyphla, and Rodentia). We identified rapid and repeated loss of olfactory capacities synchronously associated with gains in thermoregulatory capacity in amphibious taxa sampled from across mammalian phylogenetic diversity. Evolutionary models further reveal that these convergences result from faster rates of turbinal bone evolution and release of selective constraints on the thermoregulatory-olfaction trade-off in amphibious species. Lastly, we demonstrated that traits related to vital functions evolved faster to the optimum compared to traits that are not related to vital functions.


This research aims at examining the disclosure of the elements of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the annual reports of Jordanian industrial companies listed in the ASE for the years 2007-2008. Furthermore, it aims at determining the impact of both asset size and sales volume on the degree of CSR disclosure. To achieve these objectives, a corporate social responsibility index was constructed. The study sample included (72) industrial companies representing (80.9%) of the whole population of the study (89 companies). One sample t-test and simple regression were utilized to test the study hypotheses.
The study found a disparity in the level of disclosure of the elements of CSR among companies, but the disclosure was still below the required level and did not exceed (43%) over the 2007-2008 period, which is lower than the average. The highest percentage of disclosure was the disclosure about the protection of the environment where it reached (73.6%) and (69.4%), respectively, for 2007 and 2008. The results of the study did not show any marked improvement in the level of disclosure over 2007-2008. The study also found that there was no statistically significant effect of the size of assets and sales volume on the level of CSR disclosure. The study suggested a set of recommendations to activate the disclosure of social activities by industrial companies.


Arabidopsis thaliana Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases 3 and 6 (MPK3/6) are transiently activated during PAMP-Triggered Immunity (PTI) and durably during Effector-Triggered Immunity (ETI). However the functional differences between these two kinds of activation kinetics and how they coordinate the two layers of plant immunity remain poorly understood. Here, by suppressor analyses, we demonstrate that ETI-mediating Nucleotide-binding domain Leucine-rich repeat Receptors (NLRs) and the NLR signaling components NDR1 and EDS1 can promote the SA sector of defense downstream of MPK3 activity. Moreover we provide evidence that both sustained and transient MPK3/6 activities positively control the expression of several NLR genes, including AT3G04220 and AT4G11170. We further show that NDR1 and EDS1 also contribute to the upregulations of these two NLRs not only in an ETI context but also in a PTI context. Remarkably, while in ETI, MPK3/6 activities are dependent on NDR1 and EDS1, they are not in PTI, suggesting crucial differences in the two signaling pathways. Finally we demonstrate that expression of the NLR AT3G04220 is sufficient to induce expression of defense genes from the SA branch. Overall this study enlarges our knowledge of MPK3/6 functions during immunity and gives a new insight into the intrication of PTI and ETI.


The endophytes in longan (Dimocarpus longan) were isolated and identified by fatty-acid technology. The results showed that endophytic bacteria belonging to Enterobacter, Pectobacterium, Kluyvera, and Salmonella were detected in the fruit of longan, as well as the endophytic fungi belonging to Cladosporium, Scytalidium and Exophiala.


This article reports on a participatory design project conducted with K-12 schools in the US and Sweden to create an international collaboration on Marine Biology using video production as a tool f ...


This action research project investigated the effects of negotiating curriculum on the affective attitudes of boys in the author's Year 8 English class towards studying English at high school. The site of the study was the general-use English classroom at a moderately-sized private boy's school in metropolitan South-East Queensland. The ensuing unit involved developing autobiographical narratives to create, share and critique the students' life-stories, undertaking learning activities that were developed through the negotiation process. A pre- negotiated curriculum survey and post-negotiated curriculum survey were conducted, as well as collecting data from the negotiated curriculum sessions, and weekly student feedback and reflections on the learning activities. The negotiated curriculum experience yielded positive outcomes for both the students and the author, although it was difficult to make claims of correlation and statistical significance from the data, due to the near-curricular isolation and novelty of the experience. There is much more work that needs to be done on the effects of negotiated curriculum on the affective and academic outcomes for students, and the action research method seems well-placed as an authentic, naturalistic tool for undertaking this challenge. [Author abstract, ed]


This book (with 55 authors, 39 chapters, 679 detailed pages, and a substantial number of illustrations) uses a reasonably consistent style suggestive, in most of the chapters, of a general heading followed by limited text and extensive references. As such, it is an effective introductory text to a wide range of clinical issues related to head injuries, including an interesting chapter on the history of their care and outcomes, a cautionary chapter concerning outcome studies, and the pitfalls common to such reports. The chapter on pathology is extensive and scholarly (with 580 references). Noninvasive neuroimaging of closed headings is well considered as a field in transition. The chapters on sports injuries, their outcomes, their prevention, and recommendations for patient treatment after injury are succinct. Unusual injuries caused by lightning, electricity, magnetism, high altitudes, undersea diving, and microgravity are worthy. Unfortunately, considerations, for instance, of posttraumatic epilepsy, traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage,


Graham Higman proved that a finitely generated group can be embedded in a finitely presented group if and only if it has a recursively enumerable set of defining relations. The analogue for lattice‐ordered groups is considered here. Clearly, the finitely generated lattice‐ordered groups that can be ℓ‐embedded in finitely presented lattice‐ordered groups must have recursively enumerable sets of defining relations. The converse direction is proved for a special class of lattice‐ordered groups.


Under the Markov approximation, the quantum dynamics of cooled atoms in the presence of Bose–Einstein condensates is studied. A master equation governing the evolution of such a system is derived. Using this master equation, the distribution of the atoms in the excited states at finite temperature and the dynamics of the excited atom at zero temperature are given and discussed.


Argues that the Drum-Taps poems tell two different histories, one the "larger story of the war" and the other–inserted in moments of "frozen" time–the story "of comradeship and homoerotic desire." STOPPING HISTORY IN WALT WHITMAN'S


An experiment was carried out in a closed levee area named Gandong dam in Jiangxi province. It is indicated that using vertical close dam anti seepage technique will pose negative effects on water environment in closed levee areas. With field observation data and a groundwater solute movement model, a case study was conducted to forecast groundwater level and contaminant concentration in groundwater at certain time and at given spot.


The use of blisks is becoming more common in modern aero-engine designs. Such structures have very low mechanical damping and hence are more susceptible to flutter instability. Therefore, accurate prediction of blade aerodynamic damping in a multi-row environment becomes vital. The aim of this work is to understand the effects of acoustic reflections on flutter stability of an embedded rotor in a multi-stage compressor. To achieve this goal, flutter analysis of an embedded rotor blade in a high pressure compressor is undertaken using a validated 3D unsteady RANS solver with mesh movement. In the first part of this work, flutter computations are performed on the rotor with and without the presence of its adjacent blade rows and the influence of reflections on aerodynamic damping of the embedded row is studied. In the second part of this work, reflective boundary conditions are used to reflect pressure waves from known locations. A wave-splitting procedure is performed to split the unsteady pressure into an outgoing wave and a reflected wave. Using this technique a relationship between the phase of the reflected wave and the susceptibility to flutter is established.


read with great interest the article by Kara et al 1 entitled "Cardiac Magnetic Resonance-Guided Conducting Channel Delineation of an Aneurysmal Ventricular Tachycardia with the Same Circuit in the Reverse Direction." The authors carried out a successful catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmia case by using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. 1 We would like to learn the sequence which they used and contribute to the role of CMR in the management of ventricular arrhythmias (VA). Catheter ablation


A precise and convenient targeting architecture for accomplishing the rendezvous of a lunar lander with an orbiter in a near-circular lunar parking orbit is proposed in this paper. This procedure enables a systematic design and refinement of the number of thrust impulses, their application times, and the mission duration. The simplicity and accuracy of this targeting procedure makes it well suited for onboard use during real-time control and strategy reconstruction operations. A concise and revealing form of the linearized rendezvous equations is derived based on the Clohessy–Wiltshire model, as adopted to generate feasible initial solutions to satisfy the demands of rapid mission analysis and design. A three-step iterative procedure is adopted to determine the minimum-impulse control strategies for autonomous rendezvous, involving the progress of the solution from a linear model to a nonlinear, two-body model and finally to a high-fidelity model. The two-body model is introduced as an intermediary to ena...


Recombinant DNA technology covers a wide range of biochemical techniques used to cut, splice, and move DNA from one organism to another. Genetic engineering began as a basic scientific study to learn more about gene expression and gene structure in bacteria. In the last 10 years the techniques of recombinant DNA technology have moved from the university research laboratory to the industrial production level. The techniques are applicable to all organisms and studies have been made of the genomes of viruses, bacteria, yeasts, animals, and plants. It is the latter, genetic engineering of plants, which is covered in this article.


Fatigue and data retention characteristics of the Pt/PZT/Pt structure using single grain PZT thin films by PZT seeding method were investigated. In case of fatigue, there is no loss in switched polarization up to 210 cycles using 1MHz square wave form at 10V and no data loss after 30000sec of memory retention at room temperature. From the activation energy measured at high temperatures, the time required 20% loss in remanent polarization is estimated to be 6.610 years at room temperature.


The increased number of adults seeking orthodontic treatment has led to the need for faster results as social limitations arise with the use of fixed or even removable appliances. Corticotomy-assisted orthodontic treatment (CAOT) has been proposed as a technique that accelerates tooth movement and leads to a substantial reduction in treatment time. This review was conducted by searching four databases for original articles about CAOT, review articles and articles about alternative techniques and periodontal effects up to 31 December 2022. The aim of the review was to present the historical and biological background of CAOT, the description of the technique and some alternative and less invasive techniques that have been proposed. Indications, contraindications and periodontal side effects are also discussed.


The zero-order-hold (ZOH) model has been widely used to characterize the dynamic of single-updated or double-updated pulse width modulator (PWM). However, for the multi-updated PWM, the ZOH model does not consider the potential lost-of-comparison issue, which can lead to inaccurate modeling. In this paper, the comparator behavior of multi-updated PWM is analyzed. Based on the analytical results, an accurate PWM model is proposed. An L-filtered voltage source converter (VSC) with a multi-updated PWM-based digital controller is considered, whose current control loop is modeled by using both the proposed and the ZOH model for a comparative study. The results show that the proposed model can accurately predict the stability boundary.


Disclosed is a copper foil for a printed wiring board, which is characterized by comprising, on at least one surface thereof, a roughened layer that is composed of needle-like fine roughening particles each having a diameter of 0.1-2.0 [mu]m and an aspect ratio of not less than 1.5. Also disclosed is a method for producing a copper foil for a printed wiring board, which is characterized in that a roughened layer that is composed of needle-like fine roughening particles each having a diameter of 0.1-2.0 [mu]m and an aspect ratio of not less than 1.5 is formed on at least one surface of a copper foil, using an electrolytic bath that is composed of sulfuric acid/copper sulfate and contains at least one substance selected from among an alkyl sulfate salt, tungsten ions and arsenic ions. Consequently, a copper foil for a semiconductor package substrate, which is capable of preventing circuit erosion without deteriorating the other characteristics of the copper foil, can be obtained. In particular, a copper foil for a printed wiring board, which has an improved roughened layer and is thus increased in adhesion strength to a resin, can be obtained. The method for producing a copper foil for a printed wiring board enables the production of such a copper foil.


AbstractLarge two-stroke marine diesel engines have special injector geometries which differ substantially from the configurations used in most other diesel engine applications. In particular, inje...


The paper describes the calculation performed by INR-Pitesti of a benchmark problem proposed by CEA Cadarache consisting in experimental measurements in MINERVE reactor. The purpose of the problem concerned the qualification of Valmont fuel pin (U-Mo-Al) designed for radio-pharmaceutical sources production. First, an MCNP model for the MINERVE facility was created. The model was then used to obtain results to compare with safety parameters and experimental physics measurements such as:control rods worth, Valmont pin reactivity worth, axial fission rate distribution in some of the experimental zone pins including Valmont, spectral indices and U-238 conversion ratio. A description of the MCNP model is provided in the paper together with the results obtained against the experimental results.


The COVID-19 pandemic shut down sporting events. However, the Belarusian Premier League was the only top-flight European league not suspended during COVID-19 pandemics. In this study, we analyze the effect of attending football matches on the number of COVID-19 cases. The results show, that 1% growth in match attendance in a region increases the number of COVID-19 cases by 0.15%-0.48% percent. This evidence might be interesting for sports leagues that develop their reopening policies.


Many of the biological principles underlying the operation of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) were established during the 1970s. with the discovery of self major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restricted T cell recognition facilitating the experimental dissection ofCMI effector mechanisms in mouse model systems (Zinkernagel & Doherty. 1979). However, understanding the molecular basis of the T cell response depended on two major advances made in the subsequent decade. One was the realization that the CD8+ and CD4+ c$ TCK+ lymphocytes were specific for peptides presented in the binding site of the class I and class I I MHC glycoproteins (Townsend & Bodmer. 1989). The other was the definition of the clonotypic r / T cell receptor (TCK) heterodimer that recognizes this peptide-MHC complex (Davis & Bjorkman. 1988). The molecular biologists who were clarifying the situation for the TCR had a major surprise in store: the existence of the hitherto unrecognized (and unsuspected) 76 TCR genes that define a further set, or subsets, of T lymphocytes (Davis & Bjorkman. 1988). The story of these y6 T cells has unfolded in a way that is almost the complete opposite of the history of the CD4+ and CD8 + T cells. It was the yh TCK genes that were found first, followed by identification of the surface proteins. Only then was evidence accumulated for major intrathymic and minor extrathymic differentiation pathways (Pardoll et a/. 1988: Mosley ef a/, 1990). Analysis in the mouse has established that there are two broad categories of 76 T cells: those that are part of the recirculating pool of lymphocytes. and those that locate to different intraepithelial sites (Ezquerra et al. 1990: Allison & Havran, I 9 9 1 ). All y6 T cells express the CD3 complex, the level of Thy-1 expression varies and most are C1)4-8-. though CD8 + id TCR+ lymphocytes are (for instance) the majority intra-epithelial population in the murine gastrointestinal tract (LeFrancois & Goodman, 1989). A very substantial body of knowledge has thus accumulated in the 8 years since the initial description of the TCR y gene (Saito et al, 1984). Yet to emerge, however, is any general consensus on the functional significance and specificity of these y6 T cells (Born et a/. 199 1 ). (i) Prevalence o/the y6 T cells. The fact that the y6 TCR' set normally represents only about 1-2x of recirculating T cells detected in blood or lymphoid tissue of mice or humans (Borst et a/, 1991: Ezquerra et a/, 1990) might seem to make the biological role of these lymphocytes a relatively minor issue. However, more than 50% of the peripheral T cells in normal


This paper investigates and attempts to explain how and to what extent investment burden is affected by exchange rate conditions and external debt crisis in Nigeria, in the light of international oil prices movements. The study specified four foreign investment models to determine the relationships between foreign investment income remittances and such predictors as exchange rates, external debt burden, and oil prices in the international markets. The paper estimated these models using two different methods namely the OLS and exact maximum likelihood (EML) techniques. These methods were applied to time-series annual Nigerian data derived from 1970-2001. The results indicate that the foreign investment crisis or burden variable is found to associate positively and significantly with the external debt crisis variable, previous spates of foreign investment burden but negatively and significantly with exchange rates conditions and international oil prices. It does appear that as oil prices increase, and hence income from exports, the need for foreign investment income becomes reduced; and so would the associated burden.


Cryptococcus neoformans most frequently causes disease in immunocompromised patients. However, in Vietnam and east Asia, disease is frequently reported in apparently immunocompetent patients. We have previously shown that almost all such disease is due to a specific lineage of C. neoformans – VNIa-5. However, in HIV-infected patients, infections due to this lineage are not associated with worse outcomes. Here, we demonstrate that the VNIa-5 lineage presents different virulence phenotypes depending on its source. Isolates derived from immunocompetent patients are more virulent than those from HIV-infected patients or the environment. Moreover, the virulence phenotype is plastic – sterile culture filtrate from highly virulent VNIa-5 strains can induce increased virulence in less virulent VNIa-5 isolates, which in turn can then induce increased virulence in their low virulence states. We present evidence that this phenomenon is driven by secreted proteins associated with extra-cellular vesicles.


The case illustrates the effective assessment and treatment of misophonia in a 14-year-old adolescent female in which short-term cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and exposure and response prevention (ERP) principles were utilized. Misophonia-related symptomology declined significantly during treatment, and partial gains were consolidated over time with the use of ongoing sporadic booster sessions to maintain reported improvements and to address the variable nature of the patient's symptom expression. Significant tolerance of noise triggers occurred, both within and in between sessions, and the patient achieved concurrent behavioral changes and tolerated a marked reduction in relevant avoidance behaviors. Self-reported and observed psychological and physiological distress diminished when confronted with identified trigger noises, both during conducted in vivo exposures and, more broadly, in the patient's home and school environments. The case serves as a contribution to the growing body of psychiatric literature recognizing misophonia as a distinct phenomenon, and offers anecdotal evidence regarding assessment treatment implications.


Background: Almost 95% of laryngeal cancers are squamous cell carcinoma. Most of them come from the supraglottic and glottic regions. Globally from 1990 to 2017, there was an increase in the incidence of laryngeal cancer by 58.67%. Patients with suggestive grievances of laryngeal cancer symptoms are usually advised to do a further examination. The use of multimodality diagnosis is helpful for the diagnosis of cancer. Diagnostic procedures in diagnosing laryngeal cancer can be made by history and physical examination, clinical (laryngoscopy), and supporting examination (radiology and biopsy). This study aims to determine the distribution of the demographic (gender, age, domicile, marital status, and educational level), clinical distribution (voice changes, respiratory disorders, pain, dizziness, cough, lump on the neck, and others), and modalities of diagnosis (anamnesis, clinical examination, radiology, and biopsy) in laryngeal cancer.Methods: Descriptive study and a routine data-based study was conducted by collecting data on cancer patients who were diagnosed with laryngeal cancer from 2003 to 2007 by the microscopic either in Dharmais National Cancer Hospital (DNCH) or other hospitals. The study sample was 53 out of a total of 68 cases of laryngeal cancer who had been diagnosed with malignancy histopathologically at DNCH or in other hospitals with epithelial or non-epithelial types with completed medical records. Results: The glottic region is the most common subsite, that is, 52.8%, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common histopathological type of laryngeal cancer. In most of the cases, either males or females presented with a change in the voice of 68.8% and 80% respectively. In 6 out of 12 cases have not been examined microscopically before, while 7.5%.of the cases have done the diagnostic procedure completely in DNCH. Conclusions: The most common subsite and histopathological type of laryngeal cancer is glottis and SCC. The most common clinical feature in both sexes is voice changes. Most cases have not been examined according to the standard diagnosis procedure completely.


PERSUADING people to change their sexual behaviour is tricky, especially if they believe they are afforded some protection against Aids by virtue of not being members of so-called high risk groups. This article argues that the problem is excerbated by the fact that the 'safer sex' message has so far seemed irrelevant to most of the population.


The wave direction giving the minimum safety factor for a breakwater caisson is adopted as the design wave direction in the present design method. However, offshore wave direction is varied in itself, and the wave direction estimated by wind observation or wave hindcasting is distributed around the actual wave direction. In this paper, the sliding failure probability of breakwater caisson is computed by reliability design method considering the variation of offshore wave direction. The sliding failure probability depends on the width of the variation. It is important to estimate wave direction exactly especially for the design of deepwater breakwater. On the other hand, it is not so important for the breakwater constructed in surf zone, because the incident wave direction becomes almost normal to the shoreline by wave refraction, and the incident wave height depends mainly on the water depth. Additionally, the multi-directionality of incident waves may reduce the sliding failure probability.


Active collecting of the archives of the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory – as well as of other US national laboratories – began in earnest in the late twentieth century as a result of the interest and agitation by both Historians of Science and Archivists. This paper examines the use and dissemination of knowledge of the histories of the US science laboratories as exemplified by the SLAC Archives and History Office (AHO) experience. We find that the development of the SLAC AHO program has been and continues to be propelled by ongoing exchanges between the two disciplines, shaped by their sometimes limited understanding of each other's goals, methodologies, and constraints, and by the two disciplines' relationships to the records-creating scientists. Work supported by Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-76SF00515


The work is devoted to the study of a broadband strip two-way antenna for mobile communication of the third and fourth generation. Using the program of three-dimensional electrodynamic modeling, the proposed design was designed and its frequency characteristics were obtained. This antenna consists of two radiators — active and passive, such a design solution allows to extend the band of operating frequencies. As the material for the antenna is selected metal thickness of 0.7 mm, which increases the reliability, in part, of the mechanical effects that occur to be in real operating conditions. The prototyping was also carried out, and the measured parameters of the mockup confirm the operability of the antenna. Dimensions of the proposed antenna are 150×150×150 mm, with a band of operating frequencies 1700–2200 MHz.


We consider the problem of handling similarity queries in peer-to-peer databases. We propose an indexing and searching mechanism which, given a query object, returns the set of objects in the database that are semantically related to the query. We propose an indexing scheme which clusters data such that semantically related objects are partitioned into a small set of clusters, allowing for a simple and efficient similarity search strategy. Our indexing scheme also decouples object and node locations. Our adaptive replication and randomized lookup schemes exploit this feature and ensure that the number of copies of an object is proportional to its popularity and all replicas are equally likely to serve a given query, thus achieving perfect load balancing. The techniques developed in this work are oblivious to the underlying DHT topology and can be implemented on a variety of structured overlays such as CAN, CHORD, Pastry, and Tapestry. We also present DHT-independent analytical guarantees for the performance of our algorithms in terms of search accuracy, cost, and load-balance; the experimental results from our simulations confirm the insights derived from these analytical models


. The concept of α -ideals in posets is introduced. Several properties of α -ideals in 0-distributive posets are studied. Characterization of prime ideals to be α -ideals in 0-distributive posets is obtained in terms of minimality of ideals. Further, it is proved that if a prime ideal I of a 0-distributive poset is non-dense, then I is an α -ideal. Moreover, it is shown that the set of all α -ideals α Id( P ) of a poset P with 0 forms a complete lattice. A result analogous to separation theorem for finite 0-distributive posets is obtained with respect to prime α -ideals. Some counterexamples are also given.


Vibration is a movement of an object in oscillatory motion [1]. All of the object that content elasticity a mass elements are capable of vibration. There are many types of experiments have been done to investigate between vibration in the vehicle effects on level of mental alertness in seated driver however it is still insufficient. For the reason is the level of mental alertness and drowsiness caused by vibration is still a complex phenomenon due to several factor such as traffic control and vehicle interior noise [2]. Vibration of the vehicle can cause various effect on the structure within the body such as organ, body tissues, and systems of the individual as the vibration is transmitted from the vehicle seat to a person body.


Data for the major element oxides and seventeen trace elements (Ba, Co, Cu, Ga, La, Mo, Nb, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sn, Sr, U, Y, Zn and Zr) have been determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for the CANMET ore standards MA-1, TLG-1, BH-1, CT-1, OKA-1, PR-1, HV-1, MP-2 and TAN-1.


The purpose of the present study was to study the influence of the low-cost carrier meals service quality on customer satisfaction and the intention of reuse of airline. A survey was carried out for a period of one month in customers who experienced international flight meal service with low-cost carrier. Out of 200 questionnaires distributed, a total of 135 questionnaires responded faithfully were used for data analysis. The data analysis showed that the quality of airline meal service significantly affect customer satisfaction and the preference of low-cost carrier or reuse. These results suggest that airline meal service affect critically the psychological satisfaction of customers although the airfare is low. Therefore, decision-making process for airline management should be primarily based on the consideration of factors influencing customer satisfaction.


[R*, S*]–(±)–7–[3–(4–Fluorophenyl)–1–(1–methylethyl)–1H–indol–2–yl–3–114C]–3, 5– dihydrox –6–heptenoic acid, sodium salt (fluvastin, 4) was prepared from [14C] bromoacetyl chloride in a six step synthesis with an overall radiochemical yield of 13.2%. This synthetic route was chosen because it puts the label in the metabolically stable 3– position of the indole ring. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Estimating the low densities of misfit dislocations in epitaxial layers in the early stages of relaxation is difficult, requiring a very sensitive method. The characteristic patterns of diffuse x-ray scattering are therefore utilized to quantify the linear density of misfit dislocations. This is demonstrated for ZnSe∕GaAs(001) heterostructures with ZnSe layer thickness slightly above the critical thickness. The densities that resulted from calculated patterns of x-ray scattering perpendicular to the diffraction vector are found to be in good agreement with the results of cathodoluminescence and transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, the diffuse x-ray scattering is used to quantitatively study the thermally induced increase in the linear densities of misfit dislocations. Samples are annealed at various temperatures for increasing periods successively and are analyzed between the annealing steps by high-resolution x-ray diffraction. The density of dislocations is found to saturate for longer annealing ...


Tandem mass spectrometry is a new technology used in newborn screening of inborn errors of metabolism. This technology significantly increases preventive effect of newborn screening. It enables to screen simultaneously within the same analytical run not only phenylketonuria but also 24 others inborn errors of metabolism from a dried blood spot. The early diagnosis and treatment are now possible by to date late or no diagnosing disorders. The overall incidence of detectable inborn errors of metabolism by measurement of amino acids and acylcarnitines is 1:4500.


The long-lasting crisis caused by neoliberal austerity measures, rampant privatization and destruction of the welfare state in Southern Europe has given rise since 2011 to new forms of collectivity that could best be characterized as transindividual social platforms of diverse constituencies driven by solidarity. With the concept of 'transindividual', I seek out a notion of collectivity arising from an open-ended process of individuation where a relational 'we' is differentiated and reconstituted every time again on the basis of common capacities put into action rather than being enclosed by a given ideological unity. My argument expands on Étienne Balibar's theory of the transindividual from which solidarity emerges like a 'common notion' in the Spinozist sense, through encounters and actions of individuals gathered by social imagination and practice of a political vision in the public sphere (Balibar 1997). Solidarity structures in Attica (Greece), 'municipalismos' in Spain and Catalonia and the 'Zagreb is Ours' citizen platform in Croatia are prime examples of social movements promulgated by solidarity that demonstrates a path and logic of transindividuation. What we can learn from them is that affectivity is not sufficient in this process. Social affects, such as indignation, dissipate if they are not transformed into 'common notions', in a Spinozist way of a transition from social imagination to political action. The result is another organization of the body politic that could be regarded as transindividuation – a new social fabric of relations around the common and public good. The article elaborates on the social dramaturgy of transindividual solidarity, which entails a performative emergence of a collective subject.


To the Editor: Symmetric drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema (SDRIFE) is a curious disorder that has undergone many clinical transformations since first being described by Andersen et al1 in 1984 using the term baboon syndrome. Initially described as a mercury hypersensitivity reaction resulting in an eruption resembling the red-bottomed baboon, this exanthema has expanded in definition with inciting agents, clinical features, and diagnostic criteria. Its prognosis, however, has remained stable and favorable throughout the decades. The condition is almost universally benign and self-limited.1-3 As new cases are reported in the literature and the paradigm of SDRIFE continues to shift, its prognosis also may warrant reconsideration and respect as a potentially destructive reaction. A 39-year-old woman who was otherwise healthy presented to the emergency department after developing a rapidly evolving and blistering rash on the left flank. Hours later, the rash had progressed to a sharply demarcated, confluent, erythematous plaque with central ulceration and large flaccid bullae peripherally, encompassing 18% of the total body surface area and extending from the gluteal cleft to the tip of the scapula along the left flank (Figure 1) with no vaginal or mucosal involvement. The patient recently had completed a 10-day course of amoxicillin–clavulanic acid 2 days prior for a cat bite on the right dorsal wrist. Additional history confirmed the absence of prodromal fever, fatigue, or chills. Inciting trauma including chemical and thermal burns was denied. Potential underlying psychosocial confounders were explored and were unrevealing. Laboratory test results including a complete blood cell count and metabolic panel as well as vital signs were unremarkable except for slight leukocytosis at 14,000/μL (reference range 4500–11,000/μL). A punch biopsy taken from the patient's left upper back at the time of admission revealed a sparse, superficial, perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes and rare neutrophils with a largely absent epidermis and an occasional focal necrosis of adnexal epithelium (Figure 2). Immunofluorescence was negative for specific deposition of IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, or fibrinogen. Wound culture also returned negative, and the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale score was calculated to be 4 out of 12, indicating a possible adverse drug reaction.4 Given the extent and distribution of the rash as well as the full-thickness dermal involvement, the patient was transferred to the burn unit for subsequent care. At Symmetric Drug-Related Intertriginous and Flexural Exanthema


Abstract Given a vector u and a certain subset K of a real vector space E , the problem of l ∞ -approximation involves determining an element u in K nearest to u in the sense of the l ∞ -error norm. The subdominant u ∗ of u is the upper bound (if it exists) of the set { x ∈ K  :  x ≺ u } (we let x ≺ y if all coordinates of x are smaller than or equal to the corresponding coordinates of y ). We present general conditions on K under which a simple relationship between the subdominant of u and a best l ∞ -approximation holds. We specify this result by taking as K the cone of isotonic functions defined on a poset ( X , ≺), the cone of convex functions defined on a subset of R N , the cone of ultrametrics on a set X , and the cone of tree metrics on a set X with fixed distances to a given vertex. This leads to simple optimal algorithms for the problem of best l ∞ -fitting of distances by ultrametrics and by tree metrics preserving the distances to a fixed vertex (the latter provides a 3-approximation algorithm for the problem of fitting a distance by a tree metric). This simplifies the recent results of Farach, Kannan, and Warnow (1995) and of Agarwala et al. (1996).


Electrophilic "trifluoroacetatotin(IV)" has been prepared by reaction of tin oxide with trifluoroperacetic acid/trifluoroacetic anhydride, and by reaction of tetraphenyltin with excess trifluoroacetic acid. The electrophilic tin(IV) material prepared by either route reacts reversibly with arenes to make aryl-tin compounds and trifluoroacetic acid. The compounds (C6H5)2Sn4O2(CF3COO)10 and (xylyl)2Sn4O2(CF3COO)10 have been obtained from the reactions with benzene and p-xylene, respectively, and their molecular structures determined by X-ray crystallography. Tin now joins Pb, Tl, and Hg in the list of main group metals whose trifluoroacetato complexes can metalate arenes by C−H activation.


The current international non-governmental organizations(NGO) in China hold typically 8 types of legal status.As a result of the dual management system and other reasons,there exist many problems such as the lack of uniform legislation,the registration difficulties,the tax provisions to be perfect,the unclear regulations of staff's rights and obligations.Legislative work should be strengthened in the management of international non-governmental organizations.The legislative process should follow four principles:first,clarify guiding ideology and basic principles on the level of legal value;second,make a unified "international NGO law";third,formulate the rights and obligations of non-governmental organization members;fourth,make clear legal system of tax.


An apparatus and method for separating stamp and substrate in imprinting process are provided to easily separate the micro-pattern without damage by air pressure. The stamp support block(120) is attached at the substrate, and supports the plate-like stamp(M). The one end of first suction tube(121) is opened to the side for the stamp of the stamp support block. The other end is extended through the stamp support block to outside. The supporting substrate block(140) supports the substrate. The one end of second suction tube(141) is opened to the side coming under the projection of substrate one of the sides for the substrate of the supporting substrate block. The other end is extended through the supporting substrate block to outside. The pressurization member pushes out the noodle which is installed in the supporting substrate block.


Different models can be used for nonlinear dy- namic systems identification and the Gaussian process model is a relatively new option with several interesting features: model predictions contain the measure of confidence, the model has a small number of training parameters and facilitated structure determination, and different possibilities of including prior knowledge exist. In this paper the framework for the identification of a dynamic system model based on the Gaussian processes is presented and a short survey with a comprehensive bibliography of published works on application of Gaussian processes for modelling of dynamic systems is given. I. INTRODUCTION While there are numerous methods for the identification of linear dynamic systems from measured data, the non- linear systems identification requires more sophisticated ap- proaches. The most common choices include artificial neural networks, fuzzy models and others. Gaussian process (GP) models present a new, emerging, complementary method for nonlinear system identification. The GP model is a probabilistic, non-parametric black- box model. It differs from most of the other black-box identification approaches as it does not try to approximate the modelled system by fitting the parameters of the selected basis functions but rather searches for the relationship among measured data. Gaussian process models are closely related to approaches such as Support Vector Machines and specially Relevance Vector Machines (3). The output of the Gaussian process model is a normal distribution, expressed in terms of mean and variance. The mean value represents the most likely output and the vari- ance can be interpreted as the measure of its confidence. The obtained variance, which depends on the amount and quality of available identification data, is important infor- mation distinguishing the GP models from other methods. The GP model structure determination is facilitated as only the covariance function and the regressors of the model need to be selected. Another potentially useful attribute of the GP model is the possibility to include various kinds of prior knowledge into the model, see e.g. (46) for the incorporation of local models and the static characteristic. Also the number of model parameters, which need to be optimised is smaller than in other black-box identification approaches. The disadvantage of the method is the potential computational burden for optimization that increases with amount of data and number of regressors. The GP model was first used for solving a regression problem in the late seventies, but it gained popularity within the machine learning community in the late nineties of the twentieth century. Results of a possible implementation of the GP model for the identification of dynamic systems were presented only recently, e.g. (11), (54). The investigation of the model with uncertain inputs, which enables the propaga- tion of uncertainty through the model, is given in (20), (33), (39) and illustrated in (27), (47) and many others. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, to present the procedure of dynamic system identification using the model based on Gaussian processes taken from (83). Second, a comprehensive bibliography of published works on Gaussian processes application for modelling of dynamic systems with a short survey is given. Many of dynamic systems are often considered as com- plex, however simplified input/output behaviour representa- tions are sufficient for certain purposes, e.g. feedback control design, prediction models for supervisory control, etc. In the paper it is explained how the advantages of Gaussian process models can be used in identification and validation of such models.


System Wide Information Management (SWIM) concept is now considered in the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for an efficient and secure information sharing among air traffic controllers, pilots, and airport operators. However, it is difficult for current air-ground communication systems to satisfy these requirements. To achieve rich information exchange between the aircraft and the Air Traffic Management (ATM) service providers at the airport surface and en-route areas, we have developed a new Aeronautical Mobile Airport Communications System (AeroMACS). In this paper, we present the practical experiments and technical analysis for collaborative information exchange between the mobile vehicle and ground SWIM applications by using AeroMACS. It is effective to share various information over AeroMACS, since it has higher capacity and is securer than traditional aeronautical communication systems. As preliminary experiments for flight test, we carried out filed taxing experiments using test vehicle. The results show the effectiveness of AeroMACS for air-ground SWIM integration.


BACKGROUND
During these last two decades, the practitioners are more and more confronted to pregnancies on scar womb.

AIM
To analyse the behaviour to be held in front of a scar womb and to estimate materno-foetal preview after childbirth (delivery) by vaginal delivery or after a caesarean section at cold.

METHODS
It is about a retrospective study held over 123 cases of patients with a scar womb who gave birth in the department "C" of the CMNT over a period of 2 years.

RESULTS
Among the 123 cases of scar womb, 70 patients had a preventive caesarean section. The main indication was a pathological pond. Uterine scar was accepted in 53 women, 25 among them gave birth by vaginal tract and 28 had a cesarean section of 2nd intention. There were 4 cases of dehiscence of the scar. 8% of the newborns from vaginal delivery had an apgar < 7 in the 5th mn against 10% in the group of the newborn children stemming from a preventive cesarean-section.

CONCLUSION
Pregnancy on scar womb is a pregnancy at high risk requiring an adapted coverage.


These two lectures constitute a reappraisal and an update of the status of the Flavour Changing Neutral Current (FCNC) and CP violation issues in supersymmetry. The first lecture discusses these points in the framework of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM), while the second one provides an analysis in a generic low-energy supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model. The goal of these lectures is twofold: on one hand we present a qualitative and quantitative discussion of the threat that FCNC and CP violation represent on supersymmetry model building; on the other hand, we point out how precious FCNC and CP violation may be in obtaining some signals of the presence of supersymmetry at low energy in the years that separate us from the advent of LHC physics. In particular, concerning this latter point, we emphasize and thoroughly analyze the role of experimental searches for rare B decays and CP violation in B physics.


We observed the 2019 January total lunar eclipse with the Hubble Space Telescope's STIS spectrograph to obtain the first near-UV (1700–3200 Å) observation of Earth as a transiting exoplanet. The observatories and instruments that will be able to perform transmission spectroscopy of exo-Earths are beginning to be planned, and characterizing the transmission spectrum of Earth is vital to ensuring that key spectral features (e.g., ozone, or O3) are appropriately captured in mission concept studies. O3 is photochemically produced from O2, a product of the dominant metabolism on Earth today, and it will be sought in future observations as critical evidence for life on exoplanets. Ground-based observations of lunar eclipses have provided the Earth's transmission spectrum at optical and near-IR wavelengths, but the strongest O3 signatures are in the near-UV. We describe the observations and methods used to extract a transmission spectrum from Hubble lunar eclipse spectra, and identify spectral features of O3 and Rayleigh scattering in the 3000–5500 Å region in Earth's transmission spectrum by comparing to Earth models that include refraction effects in the terrestrial atmosphere during a lunar eclipse. Our near-UV spectra are featureless, a consequence of missing the narrow time span during the eclipse when near-UV sunlight is not completely attenuated through Earth's atmosphere due to extremely strong O3 absorption and when sunlight is transmitted to the lunar surface at altitudes where it passes through the O3 layer rather than above it.


The histology of defense reactions in individual pine trees belonging to three species, Pinusponderosa, P. contorta, and P. monticola, to inoculation with Ceratocystisclavigera and injection with chitosan and a proteinase inhibitor inducing factor was investigated after resin fixation with cupric acetate. The synthesis of secondary resins was directly associated with parenchyma cells in the phloem and in the rays of both phloem and sapwood. However, these resins were largely located in the lumen of sieve cells and tracheids. In the case of the fungus and chitosan, resin soaking began in the outer phloem and latewood of the last growth rings, then spread into the inner phloem and earlywood. With the proteinase inhibitor inducing factor, resinosis was similar to that of the buffer control, being much less extensive than with the fungus or chitosan, and occurring mainly in the inner phloem and earlywood. In P. monticola, the reaction was complicated by the appearance of fissures in the phloem, probably cause...


The study investigates the relationship between the exercise of religious faith by the leader, and goal achievement, self fulfillment, and community good. Results support the premise that entrepreneurial Chief Executive Officers who "always" consciously apply the teachings of their religion during the daily decision making process, attain superior goal achievement results over those CEOs who "never" apply the teachings of their religion. CEOs of faith have more profitable companies and greater annual, personal net worth increases. They rank in the top quartile of questionnaire results that measure business acumen, leader performance, and organizational goal achievement skills. They are quick to point out that the intensity of one's religion is not necessarily tied to good times and positive increases in net worth. Research results support its value in times of stress, turbulence, instability, and trouble. The CEO of faith also has less focus on profits and wealth, and indicates that their superior profit performance is a by-product of religion based practices. Their personal lives benefit from a stronger feeling of fulfillment and satisfaction as well as better health. Community involvement is evidenced by charitable contributions far exceeding those less intense in the application of their faith. Practices of the CEO of faith are characterized by emphasis on service to others, faith that everything will turn out for the best, and the view that the company is simply a vehicle to carry one to their personal goals. Type of religion is important with Protestants and Born Again Christians dominating the top performing category. Although CEOs of faith exhibit superior governance skills, they are under represented in large companies. The research signals a convergence between the results obtained from the conscious application of historically based and validated religious teachings, and the scientific "one best way" as championed by business scientists Frederick Taylor, the Gilbreths, and Rensis Likert.


Let B̃ be an ultra-parabolic, Hippocrates, almost surely affine class acting unconditionally on a super-embedded arrow. In [33], the authors described multiply sub-nonnegative elements. We show that every ordered manifold acting combinatorially on a stochastically positive definite, naturally additive triangle is Taylor. It was Cartan who first asked whether natural, intrinsic graphs can be described. Moreover, the goal of the present article is to study algebraically Monge homeomorphisms.


According to material′s low temperature coefficient of linear expansion,the paper theoretically performs an analytical study on trapezoidal thread accuracy class of cryovalve,and confirms that the non-rising valve′s common material trapezoidal thread with 9accuracy class is completely reasonable even under-minimum temperature working condition(-196℃).Then there is no need to increase the gap excessively between outside thread face and internal thread face.


Keeping the blade structure and shape in the design condition is the premise and guarantee for efficient operation of wing turbine, but wet and cold climate will lead to icing blade, then the blade shapes were changed and the output power of the wind turbine is reduced. A numerical frame for wind turbine icing was developed in present work, which consists of a numerical method for impingement of water droplets based on the multiple frames of reference and Euler method and a 3D heat and mass transferring method for wind turbine icing, then the effects of several meteorological parameters, including the temperature, Liquid Water Content (LWC), Mean Volume Diameter (MVD) and the inflow velocity, on ice shape of the blade were investigated in the numerical frame. The present method can provide supports for prediction of icing process and aerodynamic characteristic after icing of wind turbine blades.


We have simulated fluxon propagation within a Josephson transmission line that is one of the elements of a rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) circuit. This line is a parallel connection of damped Josephson junctions coupled by superconducting inductances. Geometries with and without mutual inductances between neighboring cells are considered. If the time interval between two fluxons is less than 0.3 φ0Vc−1 (Vc characteristic voltage) a repulsion between them was observed. The repulsion sets a specific time delay between the fluxons that impose a rigid limitation for high frequency performance of RSFQ logic. The delay depends on the shunting parameter, bias current, and values of interconnecting inductances.


A case report is presented in which a patient's initial complaint is of blurred vision after exercise (Uhthoffs symptom). Visual acuity and colour vision were found to be reduced after exercise. Additional neurological signs included homonymous scotomata and delayed visual evoked and somatosensory responses. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated multiple abnormal lesions in the brain. The significance of this symptom and its relationship to multiple sclerosis are discussed.


The prevalence of Babesia infection was studied in newly purchased Tellicherry goats from Thalasserry, Kerala State to a private goat farm at Chennai. A total number of 168 goats were examined for the presence of Babesia. The study revealed that 58 (34.5%) goats were infected with Babesia ovis. The prevalence of Babesia infection between males and females and different age groups of goats was non-significant. Infected goats showed varying clinical signs of inappetence, depression, increased respiratory rate, weakness, coughing, nasal discharge, ocular discharge, diarrhea, body temperature ranging 39.541.2C and abortion. Blood parameters revealed decrease in total red blood cells (RBC) count, haemoglobin concentration (Hb), Volume of packed red cells (VPRC), platelets counts and increase in lymphocyte and neutrophil count.


The first approach initiated by Merton [Mer69, Mer71] to solve utility maximization portfolio problems in continuous time is based on stochastic control theory. The idea of Merton was to interpret the maximization portfolio problem as a stochastic control problem where the trading strategies are considered as a control process and the portfolio wealth as the controlled process. Merton derived the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation and for the special case of power, logarithm and exponential utility functions he produced a closedform solution. A principal disadvantage of this approach is the requirement of the Markov property for the stocks prices. The so-called martingale method represents the second approach for solving utility maximization portfolio problems in continuous time. It was introduced by Pliska [Pli86], Cox and Huang [CH89, CH91] and Karatzas et al. [KLS87] in different variant. It is constructed upon convex duality arguments and allows one to transform the initial dynamic portfolio optimization problem into a static one and to resolve it without requiring any "Markov" assumption. A definitive answer (necessary and sufficient conditions) to the utility maximization portfolio problem for terminal wealth has been obtained by Kramkov and Schachermayer [KS99]. In this thesis, we study the convex duality approach to the expected utility maximization problem (from terminal wealth) in continuous time stochastic markets, which as already mentioned above can be traced back to the seminal work by Merton [Mer69, Mer71]. Before we detail the structure of our thesis, we would like to emphasize that the starting point of our work is based on Chapter 7 in Pham [P09] a recent textbook. However, as the careful reader will notice, we have deepened and added important notions and results (such as the study of the upper (lower) hedge, the characterization of the essential supremum of all the possible prices, compare Theorem 7.2.2 in Pham [P09] with our stated Theorem 2.4.9, the dynamic programming equation 2.31, the superhedging theorem 2.6.1...) and we have made a considerable effort in the proofs. Indeed, several proofs of theorems in Pham [P09] have serious gaps (not to mention typos) and even flaws (for example see the proof of Proposition 7.3.2 in Pham [P09] and our proof of Proposition 3.4.8). In the first chapter, we state the expected utility maximization problem and motivate the convex dual approach following an illustrative example by Rogers [KR07, R03]. We also briefly review the von Neumann Morgenstern Expected Utility Theory. In the second chapter, we begin by formulating the superreplication problem as introduced by El Karoui and Quenez [KQ95]. The fundamental result in the literature on super-hedging is the dual characterization of the set of all initial endowments leading to a super-hedge of a European contingent claim. El Karoui and Quenez [KQ95] first proved the superhedging theorem 2.6.1 in an Ito diffusion setting and Delbaen and Schachermayer [DS95, DS98] generalized it to, respectively, a locally bounded and unbounded semimartingale model, using a Hahn-Banach separation argument. The superreplication problem inspired a very nice result, called the optional decomposition theorem for supermartingales 2.4.1, in stochastic analysis theory. This important theorem introduced by El Karoui and Quenez [KQ95], and extended in full generality by Kramkov [Kra96] is stated in Section 2.4 and proved at the end of Section 2.7. The third chapter forms the theoretical core of this thesis and it contains the statement and detailed proof of the famous Kramkov-Schachermayer Theorem that addresses the duality of utility maximization portfolio problems. Firstly, we show in Lemma 3.2.1 how to transform the dynamic utility maximization problem into a static maximization problem. This is done thanks to the dual representation of the set of European contingent claims, which can be dominated (or super-hedged) almost surely from an initial endowment x and an admissible self-financing portfolio strategy given in Corollary 2.5 and obtained as a consequence of the optional decomposition of supermartingale. Secondly, under some assumptions on the utility function, the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the static problem is given in Theorem 3.2.3. Because the solution of the static problem is not easy to find, we will look at it in its dual form. We therefore synthesize the dual problem from the primal problem using convex conjugate functions. Before we state the Kramkov-Schachermayer Theorem 3.4.1, we present the Inada Condition and the Asymptotic Elasticity Condition for Utility functions. For the sake of clarity, we divide the long and technical proof of Kramkov-Schachermayer Theorem 3.4.1 into several lemmas and propositions of independent interest, where the required assumptions are clearly indicate for each step of the proof. The key argument in the proof of Kramkov-Schachermayer Theorem is an infinitedimensional version of the minimax theorem (the classical method of finding a saddlepoint for the Lagrangian is not enough in our situation), which is central in the theory of Lagrange multipliers. For this, we have stated and proved the technical Lemmata 3.4.5 and 3.4.6. The main steps in the proof of the the Kramkov-Schachermayer Theorem 3.4.1 are: • We show in Proposition 3.4.9 that the solution to the dual problem exists and we characterize it in Proposition 3.4.12. • From the construction of the dual problem, we find a set of necessary and sufficient conditions (3.1.1), (3.1.2), (3.3.1) and (3.3.7) for the primal and dual problems to each have a solution. • Using these conditions, we can show the existence of the solution to the given problem and characterize it in terms of the market parameters and the solution to the dual problem. In the last chapter we will present and study concrete examples of the utility maximization portfolio problem in specific markets. First, we consider the complete markets case, where closed-form solutions are easily obtained. The detailed solution to the classical Merton problem with power utility function is provided. Lastly, we deal with incomplete markets under Ito processes and the Brownian filtration framework. The solution to the logarithmic utility function as well as to the power utility function is presented.


The current study was designed to evaluate the effect of cadmium on the haematological profile of Kuroiler chicks. Kuroiler chick is a diseases resistance hybrid variety developed in India and is more promising than broilers etc., in terms of both the protein content of the meat and the benefits it has on the poultry industry. 10 days old Kuroiler chickens were exposed to a single sub lethal dose (7 mg/kg body weight) of cadmium acetate and different blood parameters were evaluated after 20 and 40 days of exposure. The different parameters were analyzed and calculated using standard methods and formula. It was noted that cadmium has an effect on all the blood parameters. Treated groups revealed significant suppression of total erythrocyte count, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and neutrophils. The total leucocyte count, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes and basophils were found to be increased in treated groups. The drastic alterations in studied parameters indicated that cadmium has long term effect on the blood profile of chicken and thus ultimately affect the health status of the chick, the quality of meat and also hampers the poultry industry.


Childhood obesity has increased in recent years. In Spain about one in four children are overweight or obese, and most of them will carry this status into adulthood. Health consequences derived from obesity are numerous and complex, but the most frequent are those related to cardiometabolic risk and the future development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease.
Different strategies have been proposed to reduce adiposity and improve metabolic outcomes in children with obesity. Lifestyle interventions that combined dietary, physical activity and behavioural approaches with family involvement appear to be the best options to prevent weight regain. Since, obesity development stands from the interplay between lifestyle and genetic factors it is important to understand how genetic markers could influence the weight loss response. Thus, the general objective of the present project is to evaluate the effect of two lifestyle interventions on cardiometabolic risk in children with obesity. The role of genetic markers in the individual response to the intervention will also be evaluated. This thesis project includes two different lifestyle programs: 1) the NUGENOI study based on a dietary intensive intervention (10 weeks), and 2) the IGENOI study, an integral intervention with a 2-year duration (2 months + 22 months of follow up).
Both lifestyle interventions were able to reduce adiposity and improve metabolic outcomes. Parameters related to cardiometabolic risk such as inflammatory cytokines and oxidized LDL cholesterol were also diminished in children with obesity. In addition, changes in glucose metabolism derived from the lifestyle intervention were associated with cardiotrophin-1 gene expression at baseline.
The integral intervention of IGENOI study includes the promotion of physical activity in children. Concerning this, children with abdominal obesity from the intensive care group were more physically active (+5.5 minutes of daily increase in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity assessed by accelerometry) and lowered their cardiometabolic risk after the intervention. In fact, favorable changes in MVPA were related to changes in leptin levels.
Telomere length is influenced by oxidative stress and inflammatory status, these two processes are present in obese subjects. We observed inverse associations between telomere length and adiposity indices. Moreover, baseline telomere length seemed to be a marker of changes in glucose levels. Moreover, no change in TL was observed, despite achieving a successful decrease in BMI-SDS after the integral lifestyle intervention.
Finally, IGENOI participants were screened for functional mutations in Melanocortin 4 Receptor (MC4R) and Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) genes. The prevalence for the two gene variants were 2.42% and 0.84% for MC4R and LCN2, respectively. These genetic variants seem to partially explain eating behaviours. Nevertheless, subjects with those functional mutations were able to decrease adiposity after our integral lifestyle intervention.
In summary, lifestyle interventions conducted in children with obesity were effective in the reduction of adiposity and metabolic outcomes. It appears that telomere length and cardiotrophin-1 gene expression could have a predictive role in glucose metabolism outcomes. Meanwhile, MC4R and LCN2 mutations could influence eating behaviours but did not change the weight loss response.


One-time passwords are used just once and discarded, which makes it more secure than the repeatedly used conventional passwords. This paper proposes a challenge-response based one-time password generator on a user's mobile phone always carried with the user. The generator can provide an additional authentication for a user to issue a money transfer request within his Internet banking session on a PC. A currently used device for Internet banking generates a password that changes every 30 seconds or so, which allows a man-in-the-middle to use it for stealing money within the 30 seconds. Unlike such a device, the proposed generator resists against the man-in-the-middle attack by a novel challenge-response scheme, provides better accessability and protection against stolen devices. As the currently used devices do, it prevents any unauthorized transfer even if the victim's all other credentials are revealed through his PC infected with spyware such as a keyboard logger.


A simpler and niore sensitive stereoselective assay for quantitation of S( ) andR(+)-propranolol using HPLC with precolumn chemical derivatization was developed.Diphenylarnine was used as internal standard and R(+)-phenylethylisocyanate as the chiralderivatizing agent. S (-) and R ( + )propranolol were separated cornpletely on an ODS column.Methanolisopropranoldichloromethane-water(70 ∶ 5 ∶ 1. 25 ∶ 35) was used as the mobile phase.The retention times of internal standard ,S(-) and R( + )propranolol derivatives were 7. smin ,13min, and 14. 7min respectively. The linearities with S (-) and R (+ )propranolol plasmasample ranged from 1 to 100μg/L. The ahsolute recoveries of S (-) and R( + )-propranolol werefound to be 99% and 94% respectively ,with withinday and daytoday variations less than 7%for both S (-) and R ( + )propranolol. The sensitivity of detection afforded byspectrofluorometer was found to be 0. 8 μg/L for S (-)propranolol and 1μg/L for R (+)-propranolol. This method has been applied to pharnriacokinetic studies of propranolol enantiomersin humans.


Positive Partial Realization Problem for Linear Discrete-Time Systems A partial realization problem for positive linear discrete-time systems is addressed. Sufficient conditions for the existence of its solution are established. A procedure for the computation of a positive partial realization for a given finite sequence of the values of the impulse response is proposed. The procedure is illustrated by four numerical examples.


Abstract:

The city of Karaj is one of the cities of Alborz province and the capital of the newly established province of Alborz. The legal scope of this city is about 19458 hectares, according to the 2011 survey. In order to study the susceptible areas of the subsidence phenomenon in the city at first, all the indicators and parameters that may somehow be involved in the subsidence phenomenon were identified and according to the experts' opinions, the questionnaires of the pair comparison were considered respectively two and two, and using the The network analysis process (ANP) and Super Decision software were calculated. Raster layers for each of the factors were prepared using the GIS software in the Arc Map. Using SAW method, the weighting of the parameters in the GIS environment was combined and finally the final layer was linearized and then the priority of the regions Different in terms of talent for the occurrence of subsidence phenomenon. According to the results, about 25.7 sq. Km of the area of the city of Karaj is considered as a high risk area, and about 16% of the total area of the city is at high risk of subsidence, which includes areas with high concentration of wells and the highest The rate of underground water drainage, and the concentration of existing cities and villages, as well as the supply of water to the industrial sector, including factories and agriculture. The status of groundwater drainage in the city shows that during the 14year statistical period, the water fluctuation of the underground water is about -15 and 14 meters. The highest annual water consumption is 800,000 and 1,256,711 cubic meters, respectively, in the Karaj plain and Mohammad Shahr. In general, more groundwater harvesting along with water drops will increase the potential for subsidence, and the existence of loose alluvial soils in the central part of Karaj Plain and Mohammad Shahr has caused more talent in this section to be abandoned. Finally, suggestions were made to prevent the occurrence of subsidence events. .


Images of Elvis Presley in American Culture, 19771997: The Mystery Terrain. George Plasketes. New York: Haworth Press, 1997. Auburn University Professor George Plasketes has drafted a thoughtful afterlife biography of American popular culture's primary musical icon, Elvis Presley. This free-wheeling overview explores motifs, messages, metaphors, memorabilia, and the many, many mysteries surrounding Elvis beyond his August 16, 1977, demise. Plasketes is literate, but irreverent; he is also analytical, but humorous. The explosion of the Presley myth and the commercialization of everything Elvis are fodder for the author's cultural analysis and sociological pursuit. Whether a paean to performing greatness or a plague to the international image of American society, Plasketes documents the burgeoning movement that propelled the dead Elvis toward greater fame and fortune than the mortal rocker could either imagine or attain. The breadth of Plasketes' perspective on the continuing Elvis phenomenon exceeds that of all previous scholarly investigators. The author's rich background in both contemporary music studies and American popular culture research enables him to provide stunning insights into the entity of Elvis, the empire of Graceland, and the enormous commercial enterprise of current Presley commodities, from RCA record reissues to Memphis-based "We Love Elvis" license plates. Plasketes plumbs the ongoing cultural obsession with "The King" and concludes that the best (or worst) is yet to come. This book is a treasure trove of adoring excess, of fan euphoria, and of the eternal Elvis. It is also a model of well-documented popular culture research. Elvis Presley is ear candy. The visual parallel to his talent is the eternally youthful Marilyn Monroe. She is eye candy. Neither '50s icon was cerebral enough to produce a memoir, to participate in an oral history project, to systematically log their own thoughts and feelings in a personal journal, or to confide in a truly talented biographer. Thus, stories of their lives are more mythic than historic, more apocryphal than authentic. The adoration of characters that are larger than life is a reasonable, enjoyable popular pursuit. Contemporary American culture thrives on such elevations. But in the case of Elvis, the mania for his life after death borders on dementia rather than mere veneration. Too bad. The king deserves better. Rather than dozens of plastic replicas of his guitar or thousands of karaoke-like imitators, the finest tributes to Elvis Presley are the re-issues of his '50s and '60s recordings. Ear candy is not a pejorative term. It is an accurate, reverent, loving assessment of the King's vibrant audio contributions to American musical culture. While RCA has cornered the audio Elvis market, the print world of Presley biographies, photo displays, song sheets, memorabilia items, travel guides, and scholarly analyses is much more chaotic and entrepreneurial. While a total bibliography would be too overwhelming, it is important for popular culture scholars to have a starting place for Elvis investigations. …


More than 70% of the bandwidth used on the Internet is used by peer-to-peer (p2p) file sharing apps, which are growing in popularity. A typical file download, according to measurement studies, might take anything from a few minutes to several hours, depending on the network congestion or service capacity fluctuations. The spatial variability of service capabilities in several source peers and the temporal variation in a single source peer's service capacity are the two main aspects that are taken into consideration in this article and have a substantial influence on average download time. We draw attention to the fundamental problem in the conventional method of calculating the average download time based on average service capacity.We formally establish that regional heterogeneity and temporal correlations in service capacity both raise the average download time in P2P networks. We next examine a straightforward, distribute approach to successfully take these drawbacks out and reduce the average download time. By research and simulations, we demonstrate that it performs better than the majority of other algorithms now in use in practice across a range of network topologies


Discusses the virtues of creativity as the first part of a process enabling companies to outperform their competitors. Considers five techniques for stimulating creativity, with examples of applications of each: lateral thinking, metaphoric thinking, positive thinking, association trigger, and capturing and interpreting dreams. Surmises that creative thinking relies on practice and the right environment as well as education in techniques.


[Objective] The purpose was to isolate strains for degrading yeast wastewater from active sludge in sewage treating pond and identify the strains.[Method] By using liquid enrichment taming and selective culture,the strain A-2 that utilized yeast wastewater as the sole carbon and nitrogen source was isolated.And according to its morphologic properties,the similarity analysis of its 16S rRNA gene sequence and by Biolog Microstation System,the strain was identified.[Result] A bacterial strain A-2 capable degrading yeast wastewater was obtained and identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.[Conclusion] The study provided the necessary reference for biodegradation of yeast wastewater.