Magnetoresistance (MR) reported in some non-magnetic semiconductors (particularly silicon) has triggered considerable interest owing to the large magnitude of the effect. Here, we showed that MR in lightly doped n-Si can be significantly enhanced by introducing two diodes and proper design of the carrier path [Wan, Nature 477, 304 (2011)]. We designed a geometrical enhanced magnetoresistance (GEMR) device whose room-temperature MR ratio reaching 30% at 0.065 T and 20 000% at 1.2 T, respectively, approaching the performance of commercial MR devices. The mechanism of this GEMR is: the diodes help to define a high resistive state (HRS) and a low resistive state (LRS) in device by their openness and closeness, respectively. The ratio of apparent resistance between HRS and LRS is determined by geometry of silicon wafer and electrodes. Magnetic field could induce a transition from LRS to HRS by reshaping potential and current distribution among silicon wafer, resulting in a giant enhancement of intrinsic MR. We...


Investigation of hypertensive patients by renal angiography has stimulated interest in renal artery disease and has helped in the development of surgical procedures for the correction of the disease. Whether renal artery disease is important in the production of hypertension has to be determined by careful evaluation of various clinical tests as well as the patient's history-the subject of many recent articles1 The most commonly encountered disease of the renal arteries is some form of atherosclerosis, found principally in patients over 45 years of age and more often in men than in women. In patients under 45 years of age, stenosis of the renal artery is often due to fihroplasia, i.e., fibrous hyperplasia, of one of the three layers of the vessel wall: intimal, medial, or subadventitiaL2 The least commonly encountered disease is fibromuscular hyperplasia, an uncommon lesion with increased amounts of both fibrous and muscular tissue in the wall of the renal artery. Aneurysms of the renal artery are found at any age. Although some may be congenital, the majority are atherosclerotic in origin, and in time even the congenital aneurysms become involved with atheroniatous degeneration. Lastly, nonpenetrating abdominal trauma may cause focal intimal injury to the renal artery that may eventually lead to the development of an atheroma. Atheromatous plaques of the renal artery are located predominately at the aortic orifice and may involve only a few n~illimeters of the renal artery or the first 1% cm (FIGURE 1, TABLE 1). About 85% of the plaques are found in this location by angiography in both hypertensive and normotensive patients. These plaques are bilateral in one out of three patients, although almost invariably the disease is visibly worse on one side than it is on the other. The typical atheromatous plaque at the orifice of the renal artery is an eccentric. fibrous, intimal deposit, often composed primarily of collagen with various amounts of lipid. Less commonly, the orifice may be involved by a circumferential atheroma. The diagnosis can be arrived at easily if one knows the age and sex of the patient plus the location and characteristic angiographic appearance of a typical atheromatous plaque. At surgery these plaques can be dissected away from the outer layers of the renal artery, leaving a fairly smooth vessel walL3 Most of the plaques are firm enough to come out in one piece readily ; others are soft and friable, making removal difficult. Repeat angiographic studies performed as much as four to five years after endarterectomy have shown no evidence of reformation of the renal artery stenosis 1)y plaques (FIGURE 2, A & B ) . Complicating features of a plaque at the orifice-thrombosis and dissecting hematoma-are sometimes encountered, and these usually produce complete occlusion of the renal artery with atrophy of the kidney. In a goodly percentage of the cases, the opposite renal artery will be partially occluded by a plaque, necessitating surgery for maintenance of renal


The tax revenue is a kind of effective economical method to protect the resources.The tax revenue takes the tax law as evidence and it is forcible.All administrative departments can't assign resources amount,only being decided by the taxpayer ability of paying resources tax.Resources tax is the widest one in the tax system for which is the main tax to protect resources.But there are many shortcomings existing in tax system in current resources tax in China,which doesn't play an important role in protecting resources.By analyzing the existing problems in resources tax system,the paper proposes some conception to reform and better our resources tax system in order to promote our economy sustainable development.


The recent increase of mobile device adoption in the workplace as part of knowledge-sharing activities has caused a rise of knowledge leakage risk (KLR). KLR is a significant problem for knowledge-intensive organizations operating in highly-competitive environments. Accordingly, organizations have an increasing need to manage risk strategies in order to mitigate KLR. The contribution of this study is to provide a theoretical conceptual model to (1) identify the determinants that influence KLR through the use of mobile devices and (2) present how such factors inform organizational KLR mitigation strategies to safeguard against leakage incidents. We take a context-specific approach by drawing on literature in the area of mobile-device-usage-context, particularly "social context interaction framework" and "model of context in computer science", organizing the constructs under human, organizational and technological perspectives to understand the contexts within which knowledge leakage occurs and finally, propose a conceptual model that can aid organizations in developing KLR strategies.


The present invention discloses an auxiliary lever potted plants, potted plants relates to support appliances, refers to the support rods for supporting a potted plant stems, the obvious solution potted trunk, stems weak plants require external support brought material confusion, instability, is not conducive to the operation, support strength is weak, poor security, inconvenience management issues, which are basic features: the upper end of a support rod blunt tip (10), the upper end of the connecting hole (9), the support rod body (7) the bottom end, the lower end of the perforations (8) and a smooth lower (15), with parts of the combination, can be lengthened, shortened, curved, basin fitted in the ear ear slot, so that the support bar into one pot and form a stable space support system, which is convenient, practical, safe, economical and efficient objectives and requirements, advantages.


Given the new developments in accelerators, especially spallation neutron sources, new analytical tools and applications have recently been developed, tested, and used. An ongoing need exists to distribute the codes, their data, and the benchmarks used in validating the design parameters for shielding energies and particles involved in the applications. What is presented is the fruit of the efforts of the data centers that identify, collect, test, and disseminate the tools necessary for proper accelerator shielding analysis around the world. The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency Data Bank (NEA DB), the ORNL Radiation Safety Information Computational Center (RSICC), and the Research Organization for Information Science and Technology (RIST) have continued to lead the European, American, and Japanese nuclear communities, respectively, to state-of-the-art software and data that fit their needs. The following contains a listing of those tools that are available and most applicable to today's accelerator shielding analyses.


By introducing an operator En μ (β, λ, ω, φ, t)fγ(z) via a linear combination of two generalized differential operators involving modified Sigmoid function, we defined and studied certain geometric properties of a new subclass TγDλ,ω(α, β, μ, ω, φ, λ, η, ξ, t; p : n) of analytic functions in the open unit disk U. In particular, we give some properties of functions in this subclass such as; coefficient estimates, growth and distortion theorems, closure theorem and Fekete-Szego inequality for functions belonging to the subclass. Some earlier known results are special cases of results established for the new subclass defined.


Dermoid cysts are the most common form of all the ovarian teratomas and are usually benign in nature. They are also known as mature cystic teratoma.


The main purpose of this work is to explore the relationship between income inequality and economic growth in Bangladesh. The study is based on time series data starting from 1973 to 2016 of Bangladesh. In this paper, we used the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test for checking stationary of series. This study gives a hint that all the afore-mentioned series are stationary at first difference. This paper also incorporated the Johansen test for co-integration and Vector error correction model (VECM) to test the long run relationship between income inequality and economic growth rate. The results of the study indicate that economic growth and income inequality are co-integrated. This approach suggests that an inverse relationship exists between income inequality and economic growth rate. In other words, the higher economic growth rate results in lower income inequality and lower economic growth rate leads to higher income inequality. We find that income inequality plays a negative and significant role in economic growth. Keywords : Income inequality, Economic growth, ADF, Cointegration test, VECM, Bangladesh. DOI : 10.7176/JESD/10-16-09 Publication date : August 31 st 2019


Mononuclear cell infiltration in biopsy specimens of leukoplakia, candidiasis, and lichen planus was assessed quantitatively. Differential counts of pyroninophilic and non-pyroninophilic round cells were related to the histological grades of leukoplakia and to other white lesions. An attempt was made to correlate these indexes to the incidence of carcinomatous transformation.


The non-representative character of the Commission's powers has been used to level criticism at Commission acts. I review the Commission's power to adopt some of the most important and numerous EU acts, namely delegated and implementing acts. These acts often take direct effect on the persons within the Member States. The question I ask is how the Commission's power to adopt acts that legally bind the persons within the Member States can be justified normatively? I explain the most pervasive characteristics of the adoption of delegated and implementing acts, as well as their conceptual categorisation. I argue that delegated and implementing rule-making should be understood in the framework of institutional trust. The relation of institutional trust can in legal terms best be depicted under the framework of fiduciary law. The Commission here takes the role of fiduciary to the persons subject to delegated and implementing acts as beneficiaries. As a result, the Commission is under a duty of loyalty towards these persons. I argue that for this, the EU duty of loyalty should be expanded to include a Commission duty of disinterestedness and fairness. These should be operationalised through giving an account of its motives, and through greater transparency regarding the participation of interested groups in the adoption procedure. These procedures are only a small extension of already existing Commission obligations. However, reforming them as an expression of loyalty is able to re-invent the relation between the Commission and the persons subject to its acts.


Pine wilt disease is caused by a complex of the pin e wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus a nd its associated bacteria. To isolate the aseptic nematod e, the sterilizing effect of seven chemicals on PWN and its accompanying bacteria Burkholderia cepacia (strain B619) in a series of concentration and treating tim e were investigated. B619 could be completely killed by pe roxide, sodium hypochlorite, mercuric chloride, mal achite green, and gentamycin and couldn't by lysozyme and strepto mycin. PWNs could not be disinfected effectively by any of these chemicals. However, The survival rate of PWN decreased as the treatment time and concentration othese disinfectants were increased. Treatments at room te mperature (22 °C to 26 °C) or at low temperature (4 °C) improved the eliminating effect of 0.1% mercuric ch loride, 3% peroxide, and 4% sodium hypochlorite. Hi gher PWN survival was observed at low temperatures compared with that at room temperature. The chemicals that m ost effectively eliminated the bacteria and decreased tsurvival rate were 3% peroxide, 0.1% mercuri c chloride, and 4% sodium hypochlorite. The results suggested t hat PWN might have a protective effect on its assoc iated bacteria.


This automatic of charger battery tool is very needed for charging the lithium-polymer battery or lithium-ion on electronic devices today. This study has been made a tool that serves to determine thevoltage and current value during charging.This tool uses a microcontroller ATMega328p as the central data processor. Voltage sensors are used in this system consist of a voltage divider is two resistors which serves to determine the value of charger voltage and battery voltage during charging. While the current sensor is used to determine the current value of charger and current battery during charging. CN36063 controller function as functions as a regulator of the charging current automatically based on the output capability of input power supply. Then for the voltage and current data storage using EEPROM. To display the data used in computer terminals connected to the microcontroller.
These tools are designed have been able to determine the value of the battery voltage and charge current. In such systems, the data voltages and currents acquired every 30 seconds. At the time of testing the tool, the time to mengisibaterai vary based on the initial battery voltage. In this testing is done charging as much as seven times ie 3.7 volts with a charging time of 155 minutes, 143 minutes, 139 minutes, 140 minutes, 147 minutes and then 3.8 volt charging takes 86 minutes while at the state of the battery is 4.0 volts almost full charging takes 31 minutes.


We analyse the pseudofinite monadic second order theory of words over a fixed finite alphabet. In particular we present an axiomatisation of this theory, working in a one-sorted first order framework. The analysis hinges on the fact that concatenation of words interacts nicely with monadic second order logic. More precisely, give a signature under which for each natural number k, equivalence of (monadic second order versions of) words with respect to formulas of quantifier depth at most k is a congruence for concatenation. We use our analysis to present an alternative proof of a theorem connecting recognisable languages and finitely generated free profinite monoids via extended Stone duality, due to Gehrke, Grigorieff, and Pin.


Focusing on the unique style of brick carving model calligraphy in Shanxi Chang's manor,this research analyses the content and feature of the different parts of brick carving,and discuses the presenting cultural deposits.It reflects the deep Confucian culture of Shanxi Chang's manor,with the peculiar charming in culture and aesthetic value.


Heterospilus fuscexilis spec. nov. is described from England and Sweden. A key to the macropterous European species with the ovipositor sheath projecting not more than half the length of the metasoma and having subbasal sculpture on the third-fifth tergites is added. Heterospilus testaceus Telenga, 1941, is synonymised with H. cephi Rohwer, 1925, the synonymy of H. basifurcatus Fischer, 1960, with the latter is accepted, and H. rubicundus Fischer, 1960, is considered to be a valid species.


The links between politics and entertainment in the Philippines are well known, but few have noted these links in the media phenomenon known as AlDub. As a subpart of Eat Bulaga, a long-standing midday TV show, AlDub has gained a life of its own, giving its actors national and even global prominence. How was this possible? Was it happenstance or do basic interests and structures explain its popularity? A deep ethnographic account of how popular culture is generated, reproduced, and consumed reveals its anchoring in material structures the interests of which are often disguised or unacknowledged. Anthropology provides a way of exploring such interests and structures.


Carbonado is a typical representative of the Chinese traditional poultry products,which has been well received by consumers.Studies showed that carbonados produced by traditional processing method contain a variety of hazardous compounds including trans fatty acids,oil oxides,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic aromatic amines.Non-fried,non-salt boil,non-grill,and non-smoked poultry product processing technology can not only effectively inhibit the formation of harmful compounds in carbonado,but also realize the industrialization of carbonado processing,thus becoming an ideal technology for carbonado processing.The hazardous compounds in carbonado and their hazards to the human body are summarized.Main technical innovations of new technologies for carbonado processing are briefly introduced.In addition,a perspective on their future applications is presented.


The Constitutional Court (CC) made 76 decisions between 1 September and 31 October. From these 76 decisions, 20 examined the petitions on the merits. In 5 cases the CC found legal provisions or ordinary court's decisions unconstitutional. The CC made 2 decisions in posterior norm control, 9 in judicial initiatives for norm control in concrete cases, and 64 in constitutional complaints. Most of the constitutional complaints submitted to the CC (49 cases) were against judicial decisions.
In this time period the CC ruled on petitions concerning the Act on social security pension benefits and many other legal provisions on agricultural and forestry land turnover, on the National Land Fund and on Natura 2000 sites.
In Decision 21/2017. (IX. 11.) AB, the CC ruled on a judicial initiative for norm control and found provisions of a government decree unconstitutional, because they were contrary to the Act on social security pension benefits. The government decree was a lower level legal norm compared to the Act on social security pension benefits and granted a lower old-age pension than the Act.
In Decision 24/2017. (X. 10.) AB the CC reviewed the Act CXXII of 2013 on agricultural and forestry land turnover and found some of its provisions unconstitutional for violating the right to succession (Fundamental Law Article XIII para 1). In this Decision the CC also declared an omission on the part of the law-maker that resulted in violating the Fundamental Law because the essential content of the legal regulation that can be derived from the Fundamental Law was incomplete.
The CC declared omissions that resulted in violating the Fundamental Law in two more cases. In Decision 27/2017. (X. 25.) AB the CC stated that the regulation of the National Land Fund lacked the guarantees of keeping the Fund's assets safe. In Decision 28/2017. (X. 25.) AB the CC pointed out that the rules of selling Natura 2000 sites could not provide adequate level of protection for the natural resources.
In another case, the CC reviewed other aspects of the Act on social security pension benefits. According to the Act, the pension of public servants and government officials should be suspended if they continue to work after reaching the retirement age. The CC found these provisions to be in accordance with the right to property and the right to non-discrimination, thus rejected the petitions.


The study of parliamentary work on linguistic normalization helpfully adds to the general knowledge of this process. In this sense, the author has used the ratio of parliamentary initiatives undertaken on these issues against the total number of parliamentary initiatives as an indicator of the importance of the language question in Catalan politics, and has drawn a comparison of parliamentary work during the first three legislating terms, centered on the legislative function, the support and encouragement function, and the controlling function. The figures - in absolute terms and percentages - derived from the various initiatives for each one of these three functions - laws, nonlegislative bills, motions, interpellations, enquiries with written replies, etc.-, show the differences and changes occurred during these three terms, and help us notice the political logic behind them - be it in regard to the parties involved, or due to the fact that each term tends to coincide with a different stage in the process of linguistic normalization.


The extrusion as one of the most advanced technologies in modern food industry is discussed. An optimal formulation of extruded product of functional nutrition purpose based on extruded hull-less barley and extruded chaffy barley was developed, and its comparative organoleptic evaluation was performed. The use of extrusion technology and nutritionally valuable wheat flour and extruded hull-less barley flour in pastries production was substantiated. The research goal involved the development of the technology of pastries production using extruded hull-less and chaffy barley flour. The objectives included the development of product formulations with partial replacement of wheat flour used for cookies by the products of hull-less barley in the amount of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%; technology research; and the development of pastries production technology using extruded hull-less barley flour. The study was conducted at the Krasnoyarsk State Agricultural University at the Department of Grain Storage and Processing Technologies. The study subject was sugar cookies enriched with extruded hull-less and chaffy barley flour. Wheat flour cookies were used as control. The quality of the cookies was evaluated by generally accepted confectionery industry techniques. The experimental data showed that the organoleptic and physical-chemical characteristics of the cookies made of extruded grain flour according to the optimal formulations met the requirements of the relevant National Standards (GOSTs). The optimal formulation with 10% replacement by extruded barley flour was chosen.


THE uistual agoe at which gastric attacks occur in childhood is between 2 anid 7 years, probably most commonly betweeln 5 and 6. By " gastric attacks " I mean a train of symptom.s wOilich points to tlih alimentary tract as the seat of the disturbance. Thus a clhild aged 3 refuses his tea, seems fretfuil, out of sorts, a little feverish, and alarms the household by vomiting, during the eveniing, some of the food taken at his dinner. TlZ doctor is summoned in the morning, finds his patient with a temperature aiid a dirty tongue, drowsy, irritable, and still refusing food. In the cou7rse of the next few days recovery takes place. The picture varies enormously, depending oni the underlying catuse, anld on the particular child. Thus the child may slhow a very slight disturbance and be niauseated only. Again, the vomiting may be profuse, the bowels may be obstiniately constipated with pale motions, or there may be profuse diarrhoea. The coiiu-non causes of gastric attacks are, in my opinion, (a) infections in the alimentary tract or elsewhere; (b) dietetic errors; (c) overexertion anid excitement. There seems nio doubt that the first is far and away the commonest.


A section of 36-in. (91-cm)-diameter 1-1/4Cr-1/2Mo (UNS K11789) piping split at the long seam weld after 100,000 hours of service. Metallurgical analysis confirmed failure by creep crack growth initiated at the ID, despite the data showing that the failed piping exhibited excellent creep strength and creep ductility in the base and weld metals. Finite element analysis revealed that the failure was promoted by peaking of the long-seam weld, which caused highly localized bending stresses. The peaked geometry satisfies existing fabrication tolerances for long-seam welded refinery piping ; thus, additional criteria are needed.


Magnetic particle inspection (MPI) is a widely used nondestructive inspection method for aerospace applications essentially limited to experiment‐based approaches. The analysis of MPI characteristics that affect sensitivity and reliability contributes not only reductions in inspection design cost and time but also improvement of analysis of experimental data. The material is assumed to have isotropic ferromagnetic properties in this research. The objective of this research is to develop a software package on the use of the finite element method (FEM) for magnetic particle inspection simulations with reversible nonlinear permeability of materials in order to give numerical simulations of MPI for defects with various sizes. We employed an FEM for numerical calculations because this is known to be suitable for complicated geometric objects such as the part shapes encountered in aviation components and defects of concern. The magnetic field gradient and magnetic force at the sites of defects having different ...


The effect of high hydrostatic pressure on the temperature dependences of the electrical resistance in the basal plane of single crystal YBa2Cu3O7-x with an oxygen deficit is studied. It is found that an external hydrostatic pressure P ≈ 7 kbar substantially intensifies the diffusive coalescence of oxygen clusters, i.e., causes an increase in their average size. This, in turn, produces an increased number of negative U-centers whose presence leads to the appearance of a phase capable of generating paired carriers of electrical charge and is, therefore, characterized by a higher transition temperature Tc. Changes in the form of the temperature and time dependences of the electrical resistivity under external hydrostatic pressure are discussed in terms of this same hypothesis regarding the mechanism of diffusive coalescence of oxygen clusters.


In Caulobacter crescentus, progression through the cell cycle is coupled to a cellular differentiation program. Here, the terminus region of the Caulobacter chromosome were identified and the temporal coordination between multiple different cell cycle events was characterized. A very short delay between initiation of DNA replication and origin movement is observed, indicating absence of cohesion between newly replicated chromosomes. However, completely replicated terminus regions stay associated until shortly before cell division. Cell constriction take place over a non-separated nucleoid, indicating absence of nucleoid occlusion of cell division in Caulobacter. Introduction Caulobacter crescentus exists as morphologically and functionally distinct cell types and cellular differentiation is an integral part of its cell cycle (1). Asymmetric cell division gives two different progeny cells: A non-motile stalked cell with a cylindrical extension (a stalk) at one pole and a motile swarmer cell that possesses a single polar flagellum. The stalked cell initiates chromosome replication and cell elongation immediately after cell division, whereas the swarmer cell is unable to do so. After a defined period, the swarmer cell differentiates into a stalked cell by shedding the flagellum and synthesizing a stalk at the same pole. Chromosome replication is initiated during the swarmer-to-stalked cell transition. In the middle of the cell cycle, a new flagellum is synthesized at the pole opposite the stalk and cell division is initiated. References 1 Skerker, J. M. & Laub, M. T. (2004) Nat Rev Microbiol 2, 325-337. 2 Viollier, P. H., Thanbichler, M., McGrath, P. T., West, L., Meewan, M., et al. (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101, 92579262. Acknowledgements This work was supported by grants from the Danish Natural Sciences Research Council and The Carlsberg Foundation Origin movement The swarmer cell possesses a single copy of the chromosome, which is oriented with the origin-proximal region located close to the flagellated pole of the cell. After initiation of DNA replication, one of the newly replicated origins moves to the opposite pole of the cell. To characterize the coordination between DNA replication and chromosome movement, a strain where the origin-proximal region of the chromosome is tagged with CFP-LacI (2) was synchronized and the cells at the different stages of the cell cycle were characterized by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. A very short delay between initiation of DNA replication and origin movement is observed, indicating either absence of or only a very brief period of cohesion between the newly replicated origin-proximal parts of the Caulobacter chromosome. 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 0 20 40 60 80 100 Time [min] % o f c el ls DNA replication initiated 1 origin focus 2 origin foci Cells divided 1 min 20 min 40 min 60 min 80 min 100 min Phase contrast Origin Membrane Origin Chromosome trapping by the septum Membrane staining show cytoplasmic membrane invagination before separation of the replicated terminus foci (see above). To examine coordination between cell division and nucleoid separation, the chromosomal DNA in synchronized cells were stained using DAPI. Chromosomal DNA is present in the entire cell at all stages during the cell cycle, no DNA-free regions are observed. Invagination of the cytoplasmic membrane is observed before the terminus regions separate and two nucleoids are formed, resulting in trapping of a chromosome on either side of the cell division septum. Thus, no nucleoid occlusion of cell division is observed in Caulobacter. Cytoplasmic membrane invagination takes place approximately 20 minutes before separation of the progeny cells, during the final step of the cell division process. The uncoupling between invagination of the cytoplasmic membrane and the outer part of the cell wall could be responsible for the previously observed compartmentalization of the predivisional cell. 1 min 20 min 40 min 60 min 80 min 100 min


This article is based in a critical recognition of the determinate influence of Mary Daly's feminist ethical and theological reflection, particularly as found in her earlier work, on the development of Christian feminist theologies. It argues that the content and form of Daly's rejection of traditional religion constitute a clear alignment of feminist commitment with rejection of traditional religion that is fundamentally problematic for those advocating the possibilities of creative and liberative feminist Christian encounters. The rejection of traditional religion is posited as an imperative of feminist consciousness, and as a testimony to feminist realisation. Such is the impact of Daly's critical articulation of the incompatibility of feminism and Christianity; she has influenced a dominant discourse about whether it is possible to be a Christian and a feminist.


This paper presents a low dropout linear regulator (LDO) structure designed by 0.18um CMOS process; it includes the bandgap voltage reference with good temperature characteristic, the error amplifier of high gain and good PSRR, the power adjustment transistor and resistance feedback network which have reasonable sizes, and slew rate enhancement circuit. The circuit simulation and layout design are successfully completed. The experimental results of LDO show that the circuit gain is 99.47dB, the phase margin is 67.27°, and the PSRR is 90.65dB. The linear adjustment rate is 0.3%, the load adjustment rate is 2.7%; the quiescent current is 56.1uA, the temperature drift coefficient is 8.04ppm/°C, and the layout area is 0.04mm2. This design meets the requirements that are low dropout, high stability and small area.


The kinematical focusing (KF) effect along the dispersion curve of Rayleigh waves has been observed in the inelastic scattering of /sup 4/He from a NaF(001) surface. From a direct inspection of the time-of-flight spectra, a number of spikes appearing in the angular distribution are discriminated from bound-state resonances and shown to correspond to KF. We show that, in principle, the dispersion relation of Rayleigh waves can be obtained directly from the position of such singularities, without having to resort to time-of-flight measurements.


Abstract.  This paper identifies and discusses the persistent problems and development practices of information systems development (ISD). A critical examination and comparison of past times''traditional' and present‐day 'web‐based' development shows that contemporary ISD can be seen as an accentuated evolution – rather than a revolution – of well‐known challenges and solutions. On this basis, (1) diversity; (2) knowledge; and (3) structure are identified as inherent and interrelated problems, while the practices for coping with these three challenges are (a) organization and specialization; (b) constant verbal communication and negotiation; and (c) pragmatic application of certain development methods and methodical concepts. We conclude that more research on the occurrence and interaction of problems and practices at, and between, different contextual levels (e.g. the business environment, company, project, team and individual levels) is needed to understand and assess (the gap between) 'observed practice' and 'good practice' across the many types of Web and non‐Web ISD projects conducted today. We outline a possible research agenda to investigate these issues.


The aim was at evaluating the effect of neonatal mild diabetes induced by streptozotocin on development and behavioral activity of female Wistar rats. At birth, 81 female rats were randomly assigned into two groups: Control (n=20) received citrate buffer (subcutaneous route ‐ sc.) and STZ (n=61) received streptozotocin (STZ ‐ 100 mg/kg ‐ sc.). Glycemia was measured at postnatal days (PND) 35, 84 and 120. Physical development was daily evaluated. At PND 10 and 21, body weight (g), length (cm), and anogenital distance (mm) were measured and anogenital index was obtained. Behavioral activity was evaluated in an open field at PND 10, 21 and 75. Streptozotocin administration in the neonatal period of Wistar rats caused mild hyperglycemia in adulthood with no effects on physical development, although resulting in reduced body length and anogenital distance. Rats with mild hyperglycemia intensity (STZ group) also presented reduced locomotor and exploratory behavior, which are similar to the results presented in behavioral studies of severe diabetic rats. These data showed that even a modest hyperglycemia is enough to impair behavioral activity. Financial support by Capes.


Summary.

Electrothyreograms elicited in decerebrate cats by faradic stimulation of the sympathetic or by injection of adrenaline have been recorded with the aid of a string galvanometer and a directly-coupled balanced push-pull amplifier. The aim of this work has been to correlate blood iodine, thyroid iodine and electrothyreograms, and, if possible, to obtain evidence for sympathetic control of the thyroid gland.

Blood iodine has been determined by a modified Leipert method, described in detail in a previous commrnication (Helin, Zilliacus, Unonius, 1939).

Blood iodine was found to be increased after stimulation of the sympathetic as well as after injection of adrenaline. In the former case the increase averaged 36.9%, in the latter case 47.1%. Controls with uustimulated animals showed that decerebration and operation around the thyroid did not as such influence the iodine concentration of the blood.

The increase in blood iodine after stimulation was found to be accompanied by a decrease of thyroid iodine amounting to about 85.4%.

Stimulation bringing about these changes in the iodine concentration of the gland and the blood is always accompanied by an electrothyreogram which accordingly is regarded as an index of secretory activity in the gland.


Hainan Island, southern China, is characterized by rich diversity and endemism of marine organisms, yet the underpinning mechanisms and processes contributing to speciation and diversification are poorly understood. Here, the brown alga Sargassum polycystum is used as a model to identify putative marine glacial refugia and explore biogeographical patterns driven by climate change in the late Pleistocene ice ages.


A study of the influence preschool teachers and the preschool environment have for children's independence and confidence in their own ability in Reggio Emilia. Studien behandlar tva forskollarares ...


The truncated multipolar expansion pair functions (TMEPF) defined recently by Jankowski have been used to formulate an approach which takes into account correlation effects within a pair of electrons in the presence of an N electron sea in a closed shell configuration. An irreducible tensor operator form of the strongly orthogonal pair function components has been derived. The analysis of the expressions obtained leads to a systematic reduction of the orthogonality constraints to be imposed on this class of trial functions. The results of this analysis for several types of pair functions have been given. Finally, the method of calculation of matrix elements between orthogonally projected pair function components in terms of radial integrals is presented.


To the management of leukemia, traditional chemotherapy is characterized by repeated dosage, adverse side effects, disruption to the immune system and other organs with rapidly proliferating cells due to non-specific targeting, insolubility, and failure to attack the tumor center, low survival treatment impairments, and resistance from the targeted cancerous cells. The management of most anti-leukemic drugs would be improved if, through a suitable scientific process that can be released to their biological targets through technological manipulation at the nano-molecular dimension. Nanoparticles are increasingly being implemented and adopted in alleviating numerous constraints with the conventional technique for drug delivery with cancer therapy. With excessive drug localization and cell adhesion, nanotechnology has presented an opportunity to selectively secure easy links to cancerous cells as it is feasible to program nanoparticles such as gold to identify cancerous cells as well as provide selective and precise drug delivery mechanisms that prevent interplay with normal cells. This review outlook essentially illustrates the significance of nano-based anticancer therapy for active targeting, the drawbacks of traditional chemotherapy, the responsive pH existence of nano-based anticancer drugs with cellular delivery through a stabilized biocompatible carrier, the biochemical compositions of nano-structured media, existing methodologies for nano-based anticancer therapy (leukemia) formulation and recognition of gold nanoparticles as an ideal anticancer drug delivery material.


Vast volumes of online information related to news stories, blogs and online social media have an observable effect on investor's opinions towards financial markets. But do these particular information reflect or impact people's decision-making in investment? This paper investigates whether data generated from Internet usage can be used to predict the movements in the financial market. We provide evidence that data on how often a company's Wikipedia page is being viewed is linked to its subsequent performance in the stock market. We then develop a portfolio in line with the Wikipedia usages and demonstrate that our investment strategy based on Wikipedia views is profitable both financially and statistically. Our finding implies that online web data such as Wikipedia presents an alternative insights on collecting and quantifying investor's sentiments towards financial markets, which can be further employed as a timely approximation of investor's behaviours in decision-making.


Two species of brown algae (Phaeophyceae), Bachelotia antilarum (Grunow) Gerloff and Dictyota humifusa Hornig, Schnetter & Coppejans, are reported for the first time for the Archipelago of San Andres, Old Providence and Sainte Cataline, part of the International Biosphere Reserve Seaflower .


In this paper,we discuss the compact integral operator meshless method and error analysis.Firstly,the basic knowledge of the eigenvalue problem and the basic process of MLS are given.Secondly,the meshless method of the eigenvalue problem and the error analysis are described.


Confusion among local professionals over the best way to tackle child obesity is threatening the UK government's target of halting the increase in the condition by 2010, a report by three influential public watchdogs has warned.

A joint study by the Audit Commission, the Healthcare Commission, and the National Audit Office notes that two years after the announcement of the target, to stop the rise in obesity in children under …


The recent increase in high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV)‐associated oral and oropharyngeal cancers has gained considerable importance due to their distinct clinical and molecular characteristics. However, the natural history of oral HPV from acquisition to persistence and malignant transformation is still unclear. The global prevalence of oral HPV infection in healthy individuals ranges from 0.67% to 35%, while 31%–38.5% in head and neck cancer (HNC). The persistence rate of oral HR‐HPV infection is 5.5% –12.8% globally. India has the highest HNC burden due to apparent differences in predisposing factors compared with the West. The prevalence of oral HPV in healthy individuals and its contribution to HNC is less evident in Indian studies. HR‐HPV‐associated HNC in this region accounts for 26%, with an active infection in 8%–15% of these tumors. There is a lack of concordance in the expression of p16 as a surrogate marker for HPV detection in HNC because of differences in behavioral risk factors. Due to a lack of evidence, treatment de‐escalation cannot be implemented despite the improved outcome of HPV‐associated oropharyngeal cancers. This review critically analyzes the existing literature on the dynamics of oral HPV infection and HPV‐associated HNC, identifying potential avenues for future research. A better understanding of the oncogenic role of HR‐HPV in HNC will help to formulate novel therapeutic approaches and is expected to have a significant public health impact as preventive strategies can be implemented.


Atrial fibrillation (AF) represents the arrhythmic epidemics of the 21st century. It is not only the most common cardiac arrhythmia encountered in daily clinical practice, but it is associated as well with high cardiac morbidity and mortality [1]. The rate of death among patients with nonvalvular AF reaches about 5% per year [1]. To complicate the situation further, it is undoubtful that management of patients with AF is complex. It depends on the clinical presentation and on the underlying diseases and requires decisions about rhythm or rate control strategies as well as antithrombotic therapy. Furthermore, it is resourceconsuming, since this arrhythmia is frequently refractory to both pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies, it lowers significantly the quality of life and often requires the hospitalization of the patients affected [2]. Indeed, the aging of the population associated with the increase in the prevalence of chronic heart diseases has led and will lead to a significant increase in hospital admissions for AF. Hospitalization represents the major share of cost of care related to AF [3-5]. Algorithms and flow-charts for management and treatment of AF have been proposed in the recent years in order to lighten its huge economic and societal burden [1], but there's still an urgent need of improvement in the field, above all in the understanding of its pathophysiology.


Dutch People on "Affirmative Action." Opinions on Policy Measures for Ethnic Minorities.
To investigate Dutch national opinion on affirmative action for ethnic minorities, interview data were collected by telephone from a representative sample of adults (N = 702, ages 21+). A majority supported affirmative action for job training, although very few supported the idea of preferential treatment for minorities in other areas. Implications are discussed for a proposed government-sponsored reform similar to the Canadian Employment Equity Act. 3 Graphs, 11 References. Adapted from the source document.


In this paper, we summarize our recent research on applying data analytics to a new application area: co-operative education. Many post-secondary institutions currently offer co-operative programs in which students alternate between on-campus classes and off-campus work terms. We observe that the co-operative process produces a variety of interesting data including job advertisements and performance evaluations. We discuss novel data science methodologies we applied to these datasets and the business insights we obtained.


THE POLYMER-BASED ELUTION OF ANTIPROLIFERATIVE medications from a metal stent prosthesis has been demonstrated to suppress neointimal proliferative response to stent-vessel injury and to reduce consequent late arterial lumen loss and restenosis. In randomized controlled trials, drug-eluting stents compared with bare-metal stents caused a 70% to 80% reduction in binary ( 50%) angiographic restenosis and a 50% to 70% reduction in repeat target lesion or vessel revascularization. Furthermore, comprehensive follow-up to 1 year demonstrated no evidence for any excess in the incidence of death, myocardial infarction (MI), or stent thrombosis for either treatment strategy. Thus, based on pivotal clinical trial evidence for both the relative safety and efficacy of drug-eluting stents, the US Food and Drug Administration approved both Cypher, the sirolimus-eluting stent, in 2002, as well as TAXUS, the paclitaxel-eluting stent device, in 2004. Subsequently, multiple other drug-eluting stent platforms have become available outside of the United States. Following approval of the sirolimus-eluting stent, sweeping adoption of this promising new technology into clinical practice occurred as it appeared that restenosis, the Achilles heel of bare-metal stenting, had finally been cured. Indeed, the pace of drug-eluting stent utilization outstripped any available clinical trial–based evidence for support, and drug-eluting stent deployment "off label" soon accounted for up to half of all use. However, some leaders questioned, "Should standard practice patterns undergo marked immediate changes when fewer than 2000 patients have been studied in 3 clinical trials?" In the initial US Food and Drug Administration panel discussionsprecedingapprovalof the sirolimus-elutingstent,however, a probing question was posed by a panel member, "What is the error level for a 1000 patient randomized study? Could we miss a 1% adverse outcome?" Indeed, with longer duration clinical follow-up in larger numbers of patients, an important observation has been made. The aggregate follow-up ofmultiple randomizedcomparative trialsofdrug-eluting stents vs bare-metal stents demonstrates a low frequency (approximately 0.5% absolute) relative increase in the incidence of very late stent thrombosis, which becomes evident only after 9 to 12 months and appears to extend to 3 to 4 years. The relative incremental risk approximates 0.2% per year (total increment 0.46%-0.57% through 3 years) for the types of patients included in these trials and appears similar for both drugeluting stent devices. Several postulates regarding pathogenesis of late stent thrombosis were proposed, with the most plausible being that the same drug/polymer combinations that effectively reduce instent smooth muscle cell hyperplasia may also cause slower, less complete arterial healing and endothelial coverage, as has been noted on both angioscopic and pathological examination. Beyond this, delayed endothelialization and healing due to polymer-related hypersensitivity, inflammation, or both, as well as acquired late incomplete stent apposition due to vessel positive remodeling in the stented arterial segment, have all been incriminated as potential causes of late drug-eluting stent thrombosis, particularly once combination antiplatelet therapy (aspirin plus thienopyridine) is discontinued. Indeed, discontinuation of clopidogrel within 30 days and even within 6 months following drug-eluting stent deployment has been associated with stent thrombosis, death, or both. The benefit of extending clopidogrel therapy beyond 6 months has been debated. News media reports have increased public awareness and generated serious concern about late drugeluting stent thrombosis. In this issue of JAMA, the article by Eisenstein and colleagues provides constructive information valuable to current and future patients treated with drug-eluting stents by examining the optimal duration of clopidogrel therapy following implantation of drug-eluting and bare-metal stents. The authors provide observations from consecutive patients who received either bare-metal stents (n=3165) or drug-eluting stents (n=1501) between January 1, 2000, and July 31, 2005, at Duke Heart Center. Landmark analyses were performed among patients who were event-free (no death,


The mussel leech Batracobdella kasmiana (Oka, 1910) (Hirudinida: Glossiphoniidae) inhabits the mantle cavity of large freshwater mussels (Sawyer 1986; Lai & Chen 2010). This specific lifestyle is unusual in leeches although a few additional parasitic species from mussels have been reported (Grizzle & Brunner 2009). The known localities of B. kasmiana are situated in Japan (Honshu), continental China and Taiwan (Oka 1910, 1917; Gee 1919; Yang 1996; Yamauchi et al. 2008; Lai & Chen 2010). The majority of records were reported from continental China, in which this species is widely distributed across the eastern half of the country from Yunnan to Beijing (Yang 1996). It has never been mentioned as a member of the Russian fauna (Lukin 1976). A few naiad species in the family Unionidae are known hosts of B. kasmiana , including Sinanodonta spp., Cristaria plicata (Leach, 1815), and Nodularia douglasiae (Griffith and Pidgeon, 1833) (Oka 1917; Yang 1996; Yamauchi et al. 2008). The biology and ecological preferences of this leech species are poorly known (Yang 1996; Yamauchi et al. 2008; Lai & Chen 2010).


Incipient fault detection in the Transformer Rectifier Unit (TRU) can prompt early preparedness for replacement of Line Replaceable Units (LRUs) thereby reducing the downtime of the aircraft. This paper describes a novel incipient fault detection and fault localization method of TRU in the context of an aircraft electrical system. Results from Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) study identified diode failure as the primary reason for failure of TRU. The incipient fault detection of TRU is done by applying data fusion algorithm. The algorithm uses Hilbert transform as one of the computing tools to derive Health Index Parameter (HIP). Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT) and wavelet transforms were used for fault localization of the component within the TRU. The developed incipient fault detection method is validated on a TRU test rig. Though the test rig is configured on 50Hz supply the results can be read across on 400Hz supply. A scheme of communicating the fault status integrating through 1553B network is also addressed.


Monitor sites were established at various locations in the Sydney metropolitan area for the periodic measurement of Benkelman beam deflections. Pavements consisted essentially of asphaltic concrete over a crushed rock base. The roads were all classified roads and varied from heavily- trafficked arterial roads to lightly-trafficked roads. The average annual rainfall ranged from 800 to 1200 mm depending on the site. At all but one site the deflections were measured only in the outer wheelpath. Maximum deflections only were recorded. At three of the eight sites there were significant variations in deflections with time but there was no correlation with rainfall or evaporation evident from the data presented. The correlations were performed for maximum deflection plus standard deviation with either rainfall, evaporation, rainfall minus evaporation or rainfall divided by evaporation. The implications of the results for design of asphaltic concrete overlays are discussed as it is clear that there is no ready method to determine a factor to be applied to the results to take account of fluctuations in deflection with time. The authors suggest that further investigation is required and that in the meantime correction factors for seasonal variation should only be applied where initial testing has shown that they are appropriate. (Author/TRRL)


The paper elaborates the concepts "information culture" and "information competence" in relation to vocational teacher training. It is increasingly significant in current state of informational technologies development.


We demonstrate up to 4 dB improvement in optical receiver sensitivity using Return-to-Zero Differential Phase Shift Keying (RZ-DPSK) modulation compared with Non-Return-to-Zero On Off Keying (NRZ-OoK) in free space optical communication from satellite to ground at 40 Gbit/s data rate. This has been assessed using simulation software. An experiment is taking place to validate this result for 10 Gbit/s.


the pipe entrance, chamber lid or burrow markers of the artificial Chatham Petrel burrows, than to natural burrows. Prospecting at Chatham Petrel burrows probably results from a shortage of Broad-billed Prion burrows in that area. The presence of logs or tracks did not change behaviour or increase chick interference levels. It did, however, suggest that as Broad-billed Prions are attracted to logs and used the track more when logs were present, reducing the presence of logs could decrease the number of Broad-billed Prions in the vicinity of Chatham Petrel burrows and potentially decrease interference.


Introduction We have previously revealed that rice kinesin K16 has several unique enzymatic characteristics as compared with conventional kinesin. The most interesting property is that the ADP-free K16 motor domain is very stable, contrast to conventional kinesin that is very labile in ADP-free state. Recently, we have successfully solved the crystal structure of ADP bound K16 motor domain. The overall structure of the K16 motor domain was similar to that of conventional kinesin motor domains, as expected from the high similarity of amino acid sequences. However, the neck-linker region showed an ordered conformation in a position very different from conventional kinesin. In this study, we designed the K16 motor domain chimera protein fused with GFP at the neck-linker in order to monitor the conformational change of the neck-linker region during ATP hydrolysis by small-angle X-ray solution scattering.


This review paper deals with "Access to Free Legal Aid". Free legal services entail the provision of free legal aid in civil and criminal matters for those poor and marginalised people who cannot afford the services of a lawyer for the conduct of a case or a legal proceeding in any court, tribunal or before an authority.Free Legal Services also include provision of aid and advice to the beneficiaries to access the benefits under the welfare statutes and schemes framed by the Central Government or the State Government and to ensure access to justice in any other manner. Access to legal services continues to be a challenge for a substantial segment of the Indian population due to geographical, resource and infrastructure constraints. Since legal representation is costly and out of reach for the disadvantaged, the need for legal aid arises. Legal aid means providing an arrangement in the society so that the mission of administration of justice becomes easily accessible and is not out of reach of those who have to resort to it for enforcement.


Surface tensions (σ) and densities (ρ) of binary liquid mixtures of cis-decaline with either methyl–acetate (MAC) or n-pentyl–acetate (PAC) were measured over the entire composition range at the temperatures 283.15, 288.15, 298.15 and 303.15 K. The excess surface tensions (σE ) and the excess molar volumes (VE ) were calculated. The σE and VE values were fitted by the Redlich–Kister polynomial equation and the Ak coeffients as well as the standard deviations (d) between the calculated and the experimental excess parameters were derived. The σ values were further used for the calculation of the surface entropy (SS ) and the surface enthalpy (HS ) per unit surface area. The lyophobicity (β) and the surface mole fraction ( ) of the surfactant component (either MAC or PAC) were also derived using the extended Langmuir model. The results were used for the characterisation of the molecular interactions at the surface and the bulk-phase region.


A controller based on the passivity theory is presented for matrix converter(MC) which is influenced by the load on the output.The MC is transformed to a virtual AC-DC-AC converter,and a model is established in d-q frame and the controller is designed to eliminate the influence of inner and outer disturbance and to realize the fast accurate tracking of output current.Simulation results demonstrate the desirable dynamic performance and strong robustness to the input and output disturbance.


This paper presents resources and functionalities for the recognition and selection of affective evaluative terms. An affective hierarchy as an extension of the WordNet-Affect lexical database was developed in the first place. The second phase was the development of a semantic similarity function, acquired automatically in an unsupervised way from a large corpus of texts, which allows us to put into relation concepts and emotional categories. The integration of the two components is a key element for several applications.


The present invention generally perform combining the hitherto separate synthesis service, it provides a system and method for unified composition engine. Unified composition engine, even in-process in conjunction with application programming interface (API), provides synthetic services used as a desktop compositor even on the desktop.


The ideological and political education for CPC members in farms plays an important role in the construction of material civilization and ethical civilization in farms.CPC members in farms should persist in the correct outlook of world and life,while they should establish the lifelong learning value,which is meaningful to build a new harmonious farm.


Referring to FIG. 2, the helmet 2 for aircraft crew 1, before the eyes of crew, comprising a device 10 for forming a curtain 11 for shielding the eyes of the air. Air, as indicated by arrow 13, is discharged into the surrounding atmosphere 9 via the relief passage 12 below the lower edge of the eaves 4.


The study in this chapter seeks to answer the question whether a country's logistics performance has a correlation with the impacts of a disaster; impact being measured in average amount of affected, the average amount of deaths, the average amount of injured in a disaster or the average amount of economic damage. This is a quantitative study where the EM-DATs disaster data is analyzed through correlation analysis against the World Bank's logistics performance index (LPI). The findings do not show a significant relationship between countries LPI and the average number of deaths or injured persons in a disaster. A positive correlation between the variable LPI and the variable economic damage can be found. A negative correlation between the LPI and the average amount of affected can be found for countries with an average ranking LPI. Countries with low LPI and high disaster occurrence are further identified. Findings encourage the identified countries to take into consideration their logistics performance when planning and carrying out humanitarian response operations. Results also encourage humanitarian organizations to pay attention to the receiving countries' logistics performance in planning and carrying out humanitarian response operations. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60960-824-8.ch012


Reduced ground Microstrip Patch Antenna for Broadcasting and Inductive applications has been analyzed in this paper. The proposed microstrip antenna is a three layer antenna employimg copper material as a ground plane below the substrate and radiating patch above it. This paper does the analysis of Polycarbonate material as a substratre having dielectric constant of 2.1. The antenna parameters such as gain, directivity, reurn loss and bandwidth have been analyzed. The frequency range of the proposed antenna 7.3Ghz-7.85 with the centre frequency 7.576GHz. The proposed antenna has a directivity and gain of 5.65 dBi and 5.71 dB, respectively. The input impedance of the proposed antenna is 50.19 ohm which approximately matches with SMA connector (50 ohm) for maximum power transfer. The proposed antenna is designed and simulated using CST studio suite 2017.


Keywords: sieve methods ; asymptotic sieve for priems ; polynomial sequence ; equidistribution of roots of quadratic congruences to prime moduli ; bilinear form ; survey ; asymptotic formula for the number of primes of the polynomial form Note: Seminaire Bourbaki, Exp. 842/4, 1998 Reference TAN-ARTICLE-1998-002 Record created on 2008-11-14, modified on 2017-05-12


The interference of performance between the latency-critical tasks and batch tasks leads to a low utilization of the load in the data centers, because of the competition of the system resources to guarantee the latency of the latency- critical tasks. Our work is to present a system, a controller to increase the utilization of the data center with latency-critical tasks and batch tasks by ensuring the QOS of the memory bandwidth. It isolates the cpu cores of the two kinds of the tasks to ensure there is no competition of an individual cpu core and adjusts the distribution of the memory bandwidth. We based on the memguard to isolate the memory bandwidth for each core and modify its sharing memory bandwidth to adapt for the condition of hybrid loads.


By finding new catalysts for selective and efficient conversion of biomass-derived products to industrially relevant chemicals and fuels, a transition from fossil fuel feedstocks may be achieved. Furfural (C5H4O2) is a platform chemical which may be converted to multiple heterocyclic and ring-opening products, but to date there have been few catalysts which enable selective hydrodeoxygenation to 2-methylfuran (2-MF, C5H6O). In this work, we present a self-supported nanoporous Cu–Al–Co ternary alloy catalyst with high furfural HDO activity toward 2-MF, achieving up to 66.0% selectivity and 98.2% overall conversion at 513 K with only a ∼5 atomic % Co composition. Further analysis over multiple temperature conditions and nominal Co concentrations was performed to examine optimal conditions and tune catalyst performance, and operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments were conducted to elucidate the structure of the catalyst in the reaction environment.


It was difficult to characterize the distribution of sedimentary facies only using well data because of the wide well spacing and the quick lateral facies variation in PG Gas Field.To deal with the both problems,stratimagic seismic facies analysis was used to take full advantage of high resolution of 3D seismic data.It chose appropriate parameters to analyze the seismic facies of target zones,establish the relationship between seismic facies and sedimentary facies and then get the distribution of sedimentary facies through combining the single well microfacies analysis in the main seismic facies unit.This method makes up the limitation of studying sedimentary facies only using well data,and improves the accuracy of it.


Mixtures of bentonite and crushed rock are potential sealing materials for high level nuclear waste repositories. To allow for overall repository performance assessments, evaluations of the sealing performance under diverse conditions are needed. American Colloid c/s granular bentonite and Apache Leap tuff have been mixed to prepare samples for laboratory flow testing. Bentonite weight percent and crushed tuff gradation are the major variables studied. The sealing performance assessments include high injection pressure flow tests, polyaxial flow tests, high temperature flow tests, and piping tests. The results indicate that an appropriate composition would have at least 25% bentonite by weight mixed with well-graded crushed rock. The sealing performance of bentonite/crushed rock mixtures can be enhanced by increasing the amount of bentonite to 35%. The piping damage to the sealing performance is small if the maximum hydraulic gradient does not exceed 120 and 280 for 25 and 35% bentonite content, respectively. The hydraulic gradients above which flow of bentonite takes place are deemed critical. The pressure required to generate a critical gradient probably is related to the yield stress of the bentonite in the mixture. A difference up to one or two orders of magnitude has been observed between the vertical andmore » horizontal permeabilities. The high horizontal permeability results from the uneven bentonite distribution in the pores between the crushed rock particles due to particle segregation. Temperature seems to have no negative effects on the sealing performance within the test range from room temperature to 60. Recommendations for future research are included. 15 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.« less


In this paper, we present a multi-agent system MAGS for the e-business processes monitoring in a web-based environment. We classify the types of agents in MAGS by their monitoring capabilities. An algorithm is given to explain the mechanism of supervising and controlling the execution of business processes. An abstract model of alerts, which can give warnings of infringement on business policies, is proposed. Access control can also be realized by MAGS, which manifests in delivering different view of the business process to different roles participate in it. Being successfully adopted in a customer service management system, MAGS has been proven flexible and practical.


1. In cats anaesthetized with N2O‐halothane acetylcholine (ACh) release from the parietal cortex was measured. In addition, low and high‐frequency electroencephalographic (e.e.g.) activity was recorded quantitatively.


Abstract This essay considers the various legally recognized means by which an individual's wishes can be frustrated by the subsequent acts of others under English law and seeks to identify, within such practice, a dishonoring of the voice of the testator. It looks first at the stringency of the formalities required to create a valid will, then goes on to consider the paradoxical approach of the courts to the interpretation of wills, whereby the intention of the testator is frequently acknowledged yet is abandoned in favor of an ostensibly textual analysis. The essay concludes by demonstrating the extent to which the testator's wishes, even when clearly and validly expressed on the face of the will, can nevertheless be defeated by those whom the testator intended to benefit under the will and even by those whom he did not.


s at AFMathConf 2016 The Two Dimensions of Drawdown: Magnitude and Duration Ola Mahmoud University of St Gallen (Switzerland) and University of California, Berkeley (USA) Faculty of Mathematics and Statistics, Bodanstrasse 6, 9000 St Gallen, Switzerland Switzerland firstname.lastname@example.com Joint work with: Ola Mahmoud Multi-period measures of risk account for the path that the value of an investment portfolio takes. The most widely used such path-dependent indicator of risk is drawdown, which is a measure of decline from a historical peak in cumulative returns. In the context of probabilistic risk metrics, the focus has been on one particular dimension of drawdown, its magnitude, and not on its temporal dimension, its duration. In this paper, the concept of temporal path-dependent risk measure is introduced to capture the risk associated with the time dimension of a stochastic process. We formulate drawdown duration, which measures the length of excursions below a running maximum, and liquidation stopping time, which denotes the first time drawdown duration exceeds a subjective liquidation threshold, as temporal path-dependent risk measures and show that they, unlike drawdown magnitude, do not satisfy any of the axioms for coherent risk measures. Despite its non-coherence, we illustrate through an empirical example some of the insights gained from analyzing drawdown duration in the investment process. Remarks on the challenges of path-dependent risk estimation in practice are given in the conclusion.


Water flooding reserve can be classified into different stages according to water cut and oil production variations.To pursue more benefits from water flooding reserve,it is necessary to analyze the important adjusting measures and make correct economic evaluation in accordance with characters of different stages so as to take measures in response to the main influence factors.This paper mainly analyses the recoverable reserves of high water cut stage and economic evaluation methods of well stimulation,expounds the economic analysis of pattern encryption adjustment and introduces the calculating methods of economic recoverable reserves and economic production of well stimulation.Through many years′ practice,there have been a lot of evaluation methods of economic recoverable reserves and well stimulation,but this paper introduces a method which is closer to reality.


The article analyzes from an imagological point of view the articles of Soviet authors published in the Foreign Affairs magazine in 1945-1947. The aim of the work is to study the attempts of the Soviet leadership to use the temporarily available channel of communication with the United States of America and highlight the characteristic features of the image of the enemy created by Soviet authors who wrote to a foreign audience. Based on the analysis of articles by Soviet authors published in the journal Foreign Affairs, the author comes to the conclusion that Soviet propaganda from the outside was slightly different from the one that was directed inside the country and turned to its standard images, depending on the foreign policy situation. The novelty of the work lies in addressing a relatively little-studied aspect of the early Cold War, namely, the attempts of the Soviet side to present its point of view on what is happening in the world directly through Western publications, including the most prestigious. The relevance of the work is to demonstrate how gradually in Soviet propaganda rhetoric, directed not only inside, but also outside the country, there was a transition from the old trends of the times of military alliance with Western powers to a new orthodoxy, criticizing former allies not only from communist, but also from general democratic and left-patriotic positions. It can also be noted that this process was neither rapid nor abrupt, hostility and negative stereotypes about the United States and Britain were created gradually. This is especially relevant in the context of the historical process that is now called the "Second Cold War".


This space is fascinating, and the great tragedy is that we know next to nothing about the media. We have all kinds of dramatic assumptions about what it will and won't do, most of which are not actually tested on people. A lot of the research that we have done on people is descriptive research which tells us what people do. But that is transient, it's a moving target. What they do today is going to be very different to what they do tomorrow. What we need is analytical research that helps us understand why people do the things they do. And that unfortunately is missing.


A considerable body of older literature is devoted to the significance of inclusions which have frequently been seen in the lumens of the renal and other secretory tubules. These inclusions have generally been described as vesicular, and are sometimes seen to be in continuity with the tubule epithelium. Nuclei have been mentioned in association with them on occasion, or have been so figured without comment. The formation of these vesicles has often been interpreted as evidence of a normal process of secretion in progress in these tubules, but others have contended that they were artifactual, representing merely poor fixation. Von M6llendorff ' reviewed the subject in some detail, and its minute consideration is not required here. In relation to the kidney these reports are little attended to now because they are obviously not pertinent to modern ideas of the mode of urine formation; however, the occurrence of the vesicles still awaits an explanation. Bell2 considered them artifact, but believed they did not arise from the tubule epithelium. He reported them to be more numerous in diseased kidneys. Decreased interest in, and hence decreased familiarity with these objects, has led more recently to frequent references to them as pathologic.3-5


Cannulation of an intradiverticular papilla during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) can be challenging. We present here a technique for endoscopic ultrasound-guided puncture of the common bile duct followed by rendezvous ERCP for biliary drainage through the native intradiverticular papilla.


The following research paper was devoted to discuss benefits of diversification strategy and three variations of the extension are proposed to firms to diversify the mix of businesses they persist: a strategy of related diversification, a strategy of unrelated corporate diversification and a strategy of limited corporate diversification. Besides, diversification strategy is recommended for companies to enlarge business, stabilize revenues and spread risk. As the paper shows diversification strategy does not guarantee to create sustainable competitive advantage and business portfolio needs special selections of portfolio, diversification can be implemented with other business strategies together. Article suggests portfolio analyze of Georgian diversified company and exhibits VRIO framework for it. Also, the paper names and analyzes the factors that made the company valuable, rare, hard-to-imitate and what helped to gain competitive advantage over competitors.


..................................................................................................iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..................................................................................iv CHAPTER ONE ..............................................................................................1 1.0. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................1 1.1. Background of the Study ................................................................................1 1.2. Statement of the Problem ................................................................................4 1.3. Purpose of the Study .....................................................................................6 1.4. Research Questions ......................................................................................6 1.5. Significance of the Study .................................................................................6 1.6. Scope of the Study ........................................................................................7 1.7. Definition of Terms ......................................................................................7 1.8. Chapter Summary


In this paper, fuzzy decision logics are applied to weapon control design and shown to improve the transient response and steady state error of the gun-turret system.


Committee Members: Kimberley Perondi, for Barbara K. Cegavske, Secretary of State – Present Kathryn Etcheverria, Governors Appointee – Present Sarah Bradley, for Aaron Ford, Nevada Attorney General – Excused Sara Martel, State Records Manager, for Tod Colegrove, Division Administrator, Nevada State Library, Archives and Public Records – Present Maureen Martinez, For Deonne Contine, Director of the Department of Administration – Present Alisanne Maffei, for David Haws, Administrator, Enterprise Information Technology Services – Present Staff: Bobbie Church, Senior Records Analyst, Nevada State Library, Archives and Public Records – Present Lewis Martin, Administrative Assistant II, Nevada State Library, Archives and Public Records – Present Guests Present: None


Results of the analysis of factors of environment and the internal factors defining prospects of strategic innovative development of the centers of maintenance service of systems of automation of business processes are presented. Criterion function of strategic innovative development of the centers of maintenance service of systems of automation of business processes is proved.


Abstract. Biag RA, Alejandro GJD. Diversity, distribution, and conservation status of Rubiaceae species in Peñablanca Protected Landscape and Seascape, Luzon, Philippines. Biodiversitas 22: 3627-3636. Peñablanca Protected Landscape and Seascape (PPLS) is the largest protected area (PA) in the province of Cagayan, Luzon, Philippines. As part of the Sierra Madre Mountain Range and being contiguous with the Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park, there is no doubt that this PA would display species endemism and richness. Hence, botanical surveys through purposive sampling in seven barangays/districts were conducted in the PPLS to determine the species diversity and distribution of Rubiaceae. This study also aims to identify the endemic species and determine their conservation status. Forty-two species of Rubiaceae belonging to 19 genera and 13 tribes were documented in the current study. The most species-rich tribes are Spermacoceae (9 sp.), followed by Psychotrieae (7 sp.), Pavetteae (6 sp.), Naucleae (5 sp.), Ixoreae (4 sp.), Aleisantheae (2 sp.), Mussaendeae (2 sp.), and Vanguerieae (2 sp.). The rest of the tribes, i.e., Augusteae, Coffeeae, Gardenieae, Knoxieae, and Morindeae, are represented by a single species. Minanga, Nabbabalayan and Sisim harbor the most species. Results show that 19 Philippine endemic species are thriving in the PPLS. Of these, four are threatened species; one is near threatened, three being least concern, two as data deficient, and the rest were not evaluated.


Abstract Study of a growth series of twenty-seven specimens from the Upper Devonian of Escuminac Bay, Québec documents a complex pattern of vertebral development in the osteolepiform fish Eusthenopteron foordi. Ossification begins with elements associated with the caudal, anal, and second dorsal fins. Development of the haemal arches, caudal radials, and caudal neural arches continues anteriorly and posteriorly from near the level of the anterior margin of the caudal fin. Trunk neural arches ossify later than the caudal neural arches and as a separate sequence. Trunk intercentra most likely begin ossification posteriorly and continue forward after the ossification of haemal arches is complete. Comparisons of many different patterns of vertebral development within the modern actinopterygians demonstrates that the sequence of development in Eusthenopteron foordi is unique. The diverse patterns of vertebral development observed in fossil and modern fish presumably result from an interplay between the inherent anterior to posterior sequence of development controlled by the Hox genes, and varying selective forces imposed by the physical and biological environment in which the fish develop. Initiation of vertebral development in the caudal region of Eusthenopteron foordi can be attributed to selection for early function of the tail in propulsion. In contrast, vertebral development in Carboniferous amphibians typically proceeds from anterior to posterior. This may reflect development in the still water of ponds and lakes in contrast with the coastal environment inhabited by the hatchlings of Eusthenopteron foordi. The sequences of vertebral development seen in Carboniferous labyrinthodonts and lepospondyls are divergently derived from that observed in Eusthenopteron foordi.


No visible archaeological features are today associated with Rattin Castle Tower House in County Westmeath, Ireland located near the boundary of the Pale, the area around Dublin and adjoining counties where English control prevailed. However, both magnetic and resistance data show that Rattin Castle was surrounded by a substantial bawn wall, which has since been removed. Interpretation of two‐dimensional resistivity shows a deep trench at the site of the bawn wall. A small (12 by 16 m) rectangular low‐resistance anomaly located outside the northern section of the bawn wall but connected to it, is interpreted as a possible gatehouse providing access to the castle. Less than 20 m from this anomaly, the course of an old military road is delineated by magnetic data but is seen most clearly on the resistance data where it is represented by two parallel low‐resistance anomalies 230 m long. This road is possibly older than the castle. Rattin is associated with an extensive network of subrectangular field boundaries and enclosures, most noticeably west of the castle. The presence of the military road, potential gatehouse, substantial bawn wall and geographical location all suggest that Rattin Castle was an important strategic fortification in Ireland. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


BACKGROUND
To date, the prevalence and severity of the COVID-19 disease in children is lower than in adults. There are controversies regarding the dynamics of transmission and the role they play in the spread of the disease.

AIM
To describe the clinical characteristics and transmission dynamics of patients under 15 years of age reported for suspicion and/or contact for COVID-19 in the period March 13 - November 20, 2020, in a private comprehensive health provider (Médica Uruguaya Medical Assistance Corporation, MUCAM).

METHODS
Descriptive, retrospective study, in which clinical manifestations, epidemiological notion, secondary cases, severity and evolution are described. The risk and rate of secondary intradomiciliary attack were estimated.

RESULTS
539 patients met the inclusion criteria. The diagnosis was confirmed in 29 (5.3%): 13 (7.0%) of the 351 symptomatic children and 16 (4.5%) of the 188 asymptomatic. 100% of the confirmed cases and 85% of the unconfirmed cases had the notion of contact (p < 0.05). The OR for infection from an indoor contact was 26.5 (9.8-71.7) and the rate of secondary indoor attack 23% ± 4.1.

CONCLUSIONS
In this series, mild and asymptomatic forms predominated in patients under 15 years of age. One in five exposed indoors contracted the disease, this notion of contact being decisive to indicate confirmatory studies. Most of the children did not continue the chain of transmission.


Enterprises are transitioning towards data-driven business processes. There are numerous situations where multiple parties would like to share data towards a common goal, if it were possible to simultaneously protect the privacy and security of the individuals and organizations described in the data. Motivated by the increasing demands for data privacy, this paper provides the first comprehensive evaluation of privacy-preserving multi-party computation. As a case study, we consider the clustering task, which consists of grouping a set of points based on their similarity. Our goal is to understand the trade-offs involved when different parties want to collaboratively perform a computation while preserving their data privacy. In particular, we study the implications of centralized and distributed privacy-preserving solutions (such as encryption and data perturbation) on clustering quality, privacy and computational performance. Our results offer a new perspective on multi-party computation for both service providers and users, highlighting the drawbacks of these approaches and opening opportunities for future research.


Objectives: This study was designed to determine the prevalence of chronic abdominal wall pain (CAWP) in the gastroenterology clinic unit (GCU) and investigated the criteria of CAWP patients. Therapeutic trials to control such annoying problem were investigated. Methods: The study had two stages; the first stage was a cross-sectional analysis of the adult patients who were suffering from chronic abdominal pain. Patients reporting a score value ≥ 10 on the Questionnaire of CAWP in addition to a positive Carnett´s sign were included in this study. Included patients were subjected to study the criteria of CAWP. The second stage was a randomized clinical trial where anti-neuropathic drugs (e.g. pregabalin-carbamazepine-amitriptyline) were used. Results: CAWP was diagnosed in 30.6% of the screened patients. 76% were female. Upper right quadrant pain was reported in 48.1%. Delay in diagnosis was reported to be 9.14±8.9 months. Misdiagnosis as cholecystitis, peptic ulcer disease and irritable bowel syndrome was reported. 94.4 % of treated patients showed a satisfactory response to anti-neuropathic medications. 5.6 % was successfully controlled by local injection. Significant lower Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was reported after 2 weeks and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 months of the treatment plan implementation when comp-ared to the basal value (p. < 0.001). Conclusions: CAWP was identified in 30.6% of the patients complaining of chronic abdominal pain. Multiple physician consultations, delayed diagnosis, mis-diagnosis with subsequent mistreatment were common. While, anti-neuropathic drugs are an effective tool in most cases of CAWP, trigger point injection represents an alternative line of treatment.


A k-fan is a set of k half-lines (rays) all starting from the same point, called the origin of the fan. We discuss the partition of convex 2D regions into n (a positive integer) equal area convex pieces by fans with the following additional requirement: the perimeters of the resultant equal area pieces should be as close to one another as possible. We present some basic properties of such fans, which we call 'fairest equipartitioning fans', and raise further questions.


A 59-year-old housewife, a non-smoker, had been maintained for some years with salbutamol and beclomethasone aerosols for her asthma. She was admitted to hospital with a seven-day history of progressively worsening dyspnoea associated with marked wheezing, unrelieved by more frequent use of her inhalers, the addition of prednisolone (40 mg daily), and a dose of intravenous hydrocortisone (100 mg) given on the day of admission. There had been no fever, sputum, or any infective illness before her acute symptoms. On examination she appeared mildly dehydrated and was severely dyspnoeic with poor chest expansion, reduced breath sounds, and widespread expiratory wheeze. Blood pressure was 140/90 with 20 mm Hg of paradox, and a sinus tachycardia of 120. Chest radiology revealed marked hyperinflation but no pneumothorax or infective changes. Blood gases on air demonstrated a Po2 of 61 mm Hg (8 kPa), a Pco2 of 54mm Hg (7-2 kPa), and a pH of 7-34. Other investigations included a haemoglobin of 13-0 g/dl, white cell count of 10 000/mm3, sodium of 130 mmol/l, potassium of 4-1 mmol/l, and urea of 6-2 mmol/l. The initial therapy included an infusion of hydrocortisone (2 g/24 hours in 2 litres of 5 % dextrose), bolus doses of salbutamol (500 jig six hourly), nebulised salbutamol (5 mg four hourly), and oral prednisolone (40 mg/24 hours). Potassium supplements were given intravenously and orally at a rate of 86 mmol/24 hours. Despite a transient improvement her peak flows remained at 50 I/min and over the next 72 hours she became progressively more confused and lethargic. A fluid intake of 2 5-3-0 litres daily did not increase the


This paper presents features for text/non-text area separation in printed document images. First, it introduces entropic discrimination, i.e., a simple separation using only one feature. Then, a brief recall on existing texture and geometric discriminant parameters proposed in previous research (2001, 2002) is included. Several of them are statistically examined.


Although whole‐genome duplication (WGD) is an important speciation force, we still lack a consensus on the role of niche differentiation in polyploid evolution. In addition, the role of genome doubling per se vs. later divergence on polyploid niche evolution remains obscure. One reason for this might be that the intraspecific genetic structure of polyploid complexes and interploidy gene flow is often neglected in ecological studies. Here, we aim to investigate to which extent these evolutionary processes impact our inference on niche differentiation of autopolyploids.


The purpose of this study is detection and classifi- cation of tree crowns using forest imagery taken by IKONOS. A forest image contains many tree crowns of different sizes and shape that are touching each other. By using IKONOS pan-sharpened data, discernment of tree crown and species is possible. To detect tree crowns in the image, we used Watershed segmentation. If an image is viewed as a surface, with mountains and valleys, the Watershed segmentation finds intensity valleys in an image. In this study, a gradient of intensity in an image was used in order to find valleys separating tree crowns from shadows. To classify tree species, the spatial features of each segmented region were calculated. Image features for the classification were extracted by texture analysis using gray level co-occurrence matrix. Image texture is produced by an aggregation of unit features, such as tree leaves and leaf shadows. Variations in crown texture are important in the identification of species. Supervised classification using maximum likelihood decision rules with these features was performed. Classification accuracies on the order 80% were achieved.


District heating and geothermal heating are in present times two established heating systems that are often compared against each other. The purpose of this work is to describe which factors influe ...


There has been a considerable increase in the amount of bunted wheat in western Canada recently. One hundred and forty-nine varieties and selections of spring wheat showed all gradations in reactio...


Digestibility of the feed nutrients and the chemical elements balance in broiler chickens were studied under use of mixed feed with sulfate and Zink-mixed ligand complex in the physiological experiment that was conducted in the vivarium of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University. A tendency to increase the level of feed nutrients digestibility in the experimental groups of broiler chickens consuming mixed fodders with Zinc-mixed ligand complex was revealed in the conducted experiment. The nutrients digestibility indices were the highest in the chickens of the experimental group 3 where Zink-mixed ligand complex was added to the mixed feed. 45, 37.5 and 30 g of the element was added per 1 ton of mixed feed, respectively, for the growing period of 5-21, 22-35 and 36-42 days. The protein digestibility in this group was 89.2, fat - 82.5, fiber - 12.9 and Nitrogen free extractive substances (NFES) - 83.8%. The lowest digestibility indices of the nutrients were in the control group chickens, which, depending on the age, consumed feeds added with Zinc sulfate at doses corresponding to the introduction of 60, 50, and 40 g of the element per 1 ton of feed - 60.8, 80.2, 11.27, and 82.2%, respectively. Indicators of Nitrogen, Calcium, Phosphorus, and Zinc deposits in the body were also higher in the chicks of the experimental group 3 consuming the feed with Zink-mixed ligand complex. Feeding the birds with Zinc-mixed ligand complex as a component of mixed feed, in comparison with sulfate, improves the nutrients digestibility and increases the amount of chemical elements deposited in the body, which makes it possible to reduce the dose of the additive.


Postnatal depression is defined as non-psychotic depressive episodes of mild to major severity which occurs during pregnancy or postpartum. It is one of the most common non obstetric disorders that causes significant morbidity in women during the perinatal period. It is often unrecognized, but an extremely common yet a disorder (100-150 per 100 births) and is prevalent among Indian women up to 19% - 22% as well. The aim of this study is to find out incidence of postnatal depression in Vijaya Hospital, a private tertiary care hospital. This study aims at identifying the incidence of postnatal depression in postnatal mothers in a tertiary care centre using Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) questionnaire and the risk factors contributing to postpartum depression. The results were incidence of postnatal depression at week one was 40% and week four was 27%.: It is a prospective observational study with a sample size of 100. Postnatal mothers were screened using EPDS questionnaire at one week when they are admitted in hospital and four weeks when they come for postnatal checkup. Women with EPDS score of 13 and above was considered having Postpartum Depression. Age, socioeconomic status, educational status, employment status, type of family, menstrual history, premenstrual syndrome, obstetric score, mode of delivery, planning of pregnancy, relationship with parents, in laws and partner was compared at one week and four weeks.The Primary outcome of the study was to measure the incidence of PPD at week one which was 40% and week four which was 27%. The secondary outcome identified the risk factors contributing to PPD in my study was menstrual history, mode of delivery, relationship with in laws, lack of partner support which was found to be statistically significant. In my study done in a private tertiary care hospital, the cumulative incidence of PPD was 52%. Delivery through Caesarean section, menstrual history and poor relationship with in laws at one week was found to be statistically significant with a p-value of <0.05. Lack of partner support at one week and four weeks were found to be statistically significant with a p- value of < 0.05.


The achieveable heat recovery efficiencies of rotating heat recovery units with a sorptive activated coating, as they are used in A/C-systems, are controversial. For the clarification a newly designed diagram is shown, in which not only the heat balance and the moisture balance under the consideration of the sorptive material can be demonstrated but also the correlative influence. For the moisture recovery efficiency new dependences can be shown, which have been neglected until now.


I am grateful to Dr Reçber for his article. Although this is not relevant to the substance of his article, to which I shall come presently, I am pleased to be in dialogue with a Muslim philosopher. The figure of Jesus is central to Christianity, and I share essentially the qur'anic understanding of him as a great prophet rather than as the second person of a divine Trinity incarnate. (I do not however share the historical belief that Jesus did not die on the cross). The Qur'an is deeply opposed, as a form of shirk, to the idea that God has a son, and I share that view when 'son' is understood in its literal biological sense. (In view of this I am however puzzled by the fact that the Qur'an seems, in 3.47, to endorse the New Testament story of the virginal conception of Jesus in Mary's womb.) However, the term 'son of God' was a familiar biblical metaphor: the ancient Hebrew kings were enthroned as son of God, where 'You are my son, today I have begotten you' (Psalm 2.7) is clearly a metaphorical, not a literal, use of 'son', as it is again when God says of king David 'I will be his father, and he shall be my son' (II Samuel 7.14). Again, Israel as a whole is called God's son (Hosea 11.1) and the angels are called sons of God (Job 38.7); and in the New Testament Adam is called 'the son of God' (Luke 3.38). Indeed in the Judaism of Jesus' day any outstandingly pious Jew could be called a son of God. The term was freely used in this metaphorical sense within the Jewish tradition, and it is in this sense, in my opinion, that Jesus was rightly called 'son of God'. For those of us who think in this way, the person and teachings of Jesus are still central, but not in a way that creates an excluding wall of dogma around him. This understanding of Jesus as a great prophet and in the metaphorical sense a son of God – which is not however the standard orthodox Christian understanding of him – should, I think, be something that Muslims can share. Turning now to Dr Reçber's article, he reminds the reader of a number of philosophical objections that have been made to my pluralistic hypothesis. I cannot take these up again here, in the context of a journal of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, but have done so both in Dialogues in the Philosophy of Religion and in an extended Introduction to the second edition of An Interpretation of Religion. Restricting myself to the Muslim–Christian dialogue, I must first grant that, as Dr Reçber argues, the qur'anic verse which I quoted, that God is 'beyond what they Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations Vol. 16, No. 1, 11–14, January 2005


Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) originates from the lymphoid hematopoietic tissues and has a good treatment outcome with relatively high cure rate.Early stage HL is curable with abbreviated chemotherapy plus involved-filed radiotherapy or chemotherapy alone.However,patients with refractory or relapsed disease still lack effective treatment.In recent years,with the application of risk stratified treatment,novel drugs such as brentuximad vedotin,and PET-CT evaluation,significant progress has been made in prognosis and treatment of HL

Key words:
Hodgkin lymphoma;  Prognosis;  Treatment


A series of five organic donor-π-bridge-acceptor (D-π-A) sensitizers is investigated within the context of their photoinduced charge-transfer properties. Thereby, the focus is set on the impact of structural modifications of the molecular architecture on the π-systems of the dyes. In particular, two different modes of systematic extension of the sensitizers' π-systems, namely, (i) within the electron donating site and (ii) within the π-bridge, are investigated by means of steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic methods. The photophysical studies of the molecules in solution and as deposited on Al2O3 or TiO2 films reveal that different effects on the charge-transfer characteristics evolve dependent where – within the molecular structure – the modification of the π-system is performed. Hence, π-extension of the donor sites, for instance, leads to a strong red shift of the absorption features and a variation of light-harvesting properties. Modifying the π-bridges results in a spatial decoupling of the H...