The article notes that formation of civilization of knowledge and risk cardinally changes the conceptualization on the universality of determinations. It becomes apparent that the complex and highly complex systems, much less fastest growing ones, extremely peculiar use the principle of determinism. In the opinion of the author the design and praxeological education should, first of all, impart skills on the advancement of several assumptions (hypotheses, statements of version type and etc. practically they may be a lot that are associated with a so-called problem of "removing the curse of dimensionality") by explaining a certain number of latched events (effects, facts, processes, etc.). The student must understand that such meme, which allows us to predict the emergence of other memes or any other events, in one way or other connected with the original event, apparently, can be considered as a law. The predictive power (in the classical philosophy and, consequently, in the philosophy of education) is rather a key criterion for announcement of meme to be a law (regularity). At the same time it is necessary to place greater focus on that in the contemporary philosophy the concept of "praxeology" is narrowly interpreted. The author notes that it is necessary to talk about the design and praxeological education as a necessity and the main vector of diversification of all educational technologies.


This study compared the effects of employing the senior review activity in two modes of anonymous and non-anonymous reviews. There were seven senior students who have made reviews on the essay writing drafts of two junior classes on the same topic. It was found that the two groups of junior students had positive attitudes toward the mode of reviews they participated in and that senior students had made more constructive comments on junior students' writing when their names were not disclosed. The findings on senior students' attitudes also informed that even though they had no problems with the review conditions of either being anonymous or non-anonymous, they preferred to know whose work they were reviewing. The paper discusses some implications for the application of a review activity in a writing classroom as well as directions for future studies.


Objective: To discuss the key points of operative technique,post operation management,and effection of lateral ventricular tumors.Methods:From Jan 2004 to May 2011 a series of 28 patients with lateral ventricular tumor were operated.Clinical manifestation,radiological characteristics,surgical approach and results were retrospectively analysed.Results:In this study 28 patientys were enrolled,including 16 low grade gliomas,4 meningiomas,2 papilloma of choroid plexus,4 ependymoma,2 high grade gliomas.The total surgical resection was completed in 24 patients,and 4 patients were subtotal resected.20 patients were operated in transcallosal interhemispheric approach,2 in temporal approach,6 in transcortical parieto-occipital approach.Postoperation 1 was complicated with refractory hypernatremia,1 epilepsy,1 mutism,1 high fever,no hemianopia,aphasia,or paralysis,no death.Followed up In a period from 3 months to 3 years,2 patients died with high grade gliomas.Conclusion:It is possible to achieve a good surgical outcome with appropriate approach,proficient microsurgical technique,carefully observation and effective management.


INTRODUCTION: Distal radius intra-articular fractures are frequent and various methods of fixation are available.
When there is shearing type barton fracture buttress plate is the only choice of implant. Invention of locking plate
revolutionized treatment of intraarticular fractures. But in comminuted fractures available designs of locking plate does
not address all 3 columns, leading to usage of different plates for each column.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the design of volar locking plate with polyaxial locking screws for addressing all columns
particularly volar barton fragments
METHODS AND MATERIAL: 35 patients aged from 18 – 60 years with distal radius fractures are operated with same
implant. Patients were followed up at regular intervals 4weeks, 8 weeks,12 weeks followed by once in 3 months. Mean
follow up period is 1 year.
RESULT: Patients are evaluated with Gartland and Werley demerit point system. Out of 35 patients -28 patients had
excellent outcome,7 patients had good outcome
Conclusion: Volar locking plate with polyaxial screws can be implant of choice to address all the types of intrarticular
distal radius fractures with good results.


The article considers the communicative-pragmatic approach to the study of business discourse, analyzes the relationship between the business and the Internet space, reveals the genre specificity of blogs and the peculiarities of business discourse. The intentional base of business discourse is the struggle for power, which predetermines its main functions and methods of their implementation, speech acts, strategies and tactics. The goal of business discourse is not to describe, but to convince, having awakened intentions in the addressee, to give ground for persuasion and induce to action, in which the manipulative orientation of business discourse is manifested. Speech integration, orientation and aggression are widely used in accordance with the illocutionary purpose of expressing intentionality. Discourse is political when it accompanies a political act in a political setting. It has both common language functions and characteristic features of business discourse. The most important functions of social control and the legitimization of power can be considered, since it is they who have manipulative influence on the public, thereby achieving the main goal business discourse the possession of power and control of society. In this research discourse can be used in any forms of communication related to the sphere of language. Such a definition of discourse involves the study of political language material taking into account the cultural, spatial and temporal conditions of its existence, as well as socio-cultural and personal characteristics of its creators and authors. In this regard, the issues of discourse analysis, as the most influential on public consciousness and widespread in the business, identifying its linguistic and extra-linguistic features are highlighted today, which requires to the system-forming signs of discourse, its units, basic concepts and functions prove the topicality of our research. Practical part identifies the main lexico-semantic, stylistic-syntactic and pragmatic features of modern business discourse in websites and mass business. It deals with a description of the functional and pragmatic capabilities of lexical and stylistic means in posts in political in websites and mass business, analyzes the pragmatic potential of these units and determines the range of their communicative and pragmatic functions. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that it considers the features of the web-site discourse from semantic, stylistic and communicative-pragmatic aspect, which will further deepen and expand the special knowledge in the conceptual world view of the English-speaking community and their fixation on the linguistic map. The purpose of the research work is to consider the most effective language means of representing the communicative and pragmatic potential of business discourse in web-sites and mass business. In the achievement of the main purpose of the study, the following tasks were set: to characterize the phenomenon of discourse as a linguistic phenomenon; to consider the specifics of the linguistic picture of the world in the framework of business discourse; to identify the features of the functional, mainly linguo-cultural and stylistic peculiarities business discourse, reflecting business discourse in web-sites and mass business; to stablish the general conditions for the productivity of lexical and stylistic and syntactic means in website discourse.


For the determination of cadmium in body fluids with electrothermal atomisation atomic absorption spectrometry, a method for the removal of cadmium contamination from a Pd-Mg chemical modifier has been devloped. The modifier was injected on to the platform and the cadmium removed by pre-heating to 1100 °C. After cooling, the sample aliquot was placed on the platform and an atomisation programme for cadmium was applied. The pre-treated Pd-Mg modifier retains the cadmium within the atomiser up to 800 °C. Air ashing was used to prevent the accumulation of carbonaceous residues, and the advantage of cooling to 20 °C prior to atomisation was demonstrated.


In recent years the subject of violence against Jews, including Jewish women, in World War II has become an increasingly frequent topic of public debate. I wish to focus on two forms of representing sexual violence: in the first, it emerges as a symbol of Polish–Jewish relations; in the other, it reveals the continuity of patriarchal structures as the organizational model underlying the entirety of social relations. I analyze and interpret gender-based violence (specifically the theme of rape) in two literary texts associated with the Holocaust: the play Nasza Klasa (Our Class)2 by Tadeusz Słobodzianek, and the short story


Results of a Monte Carlo simulation of the hydration of caffeine (1,3,7-trimethyl-2,6-dioxipurine) and three different configurations of its stacked dimer are presented. Simulations were performed in a cluster approximation; the system contained 200 water molecules. The nature of the stabilization of caffeine stacking associates in water was considered. A hydrophobic behavior of methyl groups during association of caffeine molecules in water is shown. Results of the simulation of caffeine hydration are compared with experimental data from the study of the system of caffeine–water.


After crashing,the thin-walled structure will be plastic distortion,and the most of energy is absorbed in order to improve the Crashworthiness of the thin-walled structure.It selects the design point using central composite design DOE method,and builds the response surfaces of rigidwall's maximum displacement,crash peak force and total mass using least square method with these selected design points.Taking the safety and requirement of light weight into consideration,the adaptive response surface methodology method is applied to optimize these response surfaces,producing a group of optimal values and providing the reference for designing of complex structures of vehicle body.


Previously, Nova Puppis 1991 (V351 Pup) was measured to host one of the most massive ejections claimed in the literature. Multi-frequency radio detections from one epoch were published for this nova in the 1990's; and yet, the remaining data collected by the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) have remained unpublished. In this paper, we analyze the remaining unpublished data sets for V351 Pup at frequencies of 4.9, 8.4, 14.9, and 22.5 GHz. We fit the resulting light curve to a model of expanding thermal ejecta, under the assumption that the radio emission is dominated by free–free radiation and accounting for high levels of clumping in the ejecta. Images of V351 Pup in both the radio (from the VLA) and Hα+[N ii] (from Hubble Space Telescope) exhibit no aspherical structure, strengthening our assumption of spherical symmetry. From expansion parallax methods, we estimate the distance to V351 Pup to be 5.0 ± 1.5 kpc. Our light-curve fit yields a value of for the ejecta mass, implying that V351 Pup is on the low end of expectations for ejecta mass from classical novae. A comparison between our derived ejecta mass and theoretical models gives evidence for a very massive (1.25 ) white dwarf, which is consistent with spectroscopic evidence for an oxygen–neon white dwarf.


This catalogue documents the sculptures, installations and steel " paintings " of artist Louis-Seize, including the series entitled "Planeite fluide" (2002). In his essay, Beaudet draws parrallels between the work of Louis-Seize and modernist or minimalist sculptors and painters to describe the formal characteristics of the work and its themes (surface work, verticality, duality). Includes a section on the artist's previous work. Texts in French and English. List of works. Biographical notes. 6 bibl. ref.


The potential of DNA-based dielectrics for energy storage applications was explored via the incorporation of high dielectric constant (ε) ceramics such as TiO2 (rutile) and BaTiO3 in the DNA bio-polymer. The DNA-Ceramic hybrid films were fabricated from stable suspensions of the nanoparticles in aqueous DNA solutions. Dielectric characterization revealed that the incorporation of TiO2 (rutile) in DNA resulted in enhanced dielectric constant (14.3 at 1 kHz for 40 wt % TiO2) relative to that of DNA in the entire frequency range of 1 kHz-1 MHz. Variable temperature dielectric measurements, in the 20-80°C range, of both DNA-TiO2 and DNA-BaTiO3 films, revealed that the ceramic additive stabilizes DNA against large temperature-dependent variations in both ε and the dielectric loss factor tan δ. The bulk resistivity of the DNA-Ceramic hybrid films, in the case of both TiO2 and BaTiO3 additives in DNA, was measured to be two to three orders of magnitude higher than that of the control DNA films, indicating their potential for utilization as insulating dielectrics in capacitor applications. As a part of a baseline study, results based on a comparison of the temperature-dependent dielectric behavior of DNA and DNA-CTMA complex films as well as their frequency-dependent polarization behavior, are also discussed.


Thermodynamic properties of the Th-O system at high temperatures were investigated by means of mass effusion, mass spectrometric, and transpiration techniques over compositions ranging from the congruently vaporizing composition to the lower phase boundary composition. A very sharp decrease in O potential occurs when stoichiometric thoria is reduced but slightly from the stoichiometric composition. The small extent of reduction over a wide range of O potentials measured in the temperature range 2400 to 2655/sup 0/K is a clear illustration of the higher stability of the ThO/sub 2-x/ phase compared with actinide oxides such as UO/sub 2-x/, PuO/sub 2-x/, as well as other metal oxide systems. Estimates of ..delta..H-bar/sub O/sub 2//, ..delta..S-bar/sub O/sub 2//, and the standard free energy of formation of bivariant ThO/sub 2-x/ compositions were made. A substantial increase in the total pressure of Th-bearing species occurs when stoichiometric thoria is reduced toward the lower phase boundary. The increase in pressure can be attributed primarily to the increasing contribution of the ThO gaseous species. Total pressures of Th-bearing species above ThO/sub 2-x/ compositions calculated by means of experimental O potentials and the known or estimated free energy of formation values of the gaseous species and condensed phase are inmore » reasonable agreement with experimental values.« less


One of Sydney's historic homes, Vaucluse House is a Gothic-style mansion on Sydney Harbour, built between 1805-1860 by William Wentworth, one of the leading figures of early NSW. This image is a side-view of one wing of the mansion showing the lush gardens.


Abstract The crystal structures of two chiral molecules giving a antiferroelectric mesophase have been solved. These structures and some other analogs (Hori et al) present the same characteristic features: they adopt a L-shape with their chiral alkyl chains perpendicular to their polyaromatic cores; they present smectic C-like sheets, in which contiguous molecules are antiparallel and associated through transversal dipoles (mode II type); the intersheet interactions between the chiral alkyl chains are quite strong. The crystal structure of another chiral compound giving a SA mesophase was compared to the preceeding ones. The chiral alkyl chains are in the elongation of the core; contiguous molecules are parallel and associated according to a different mode we named mode III; the interactions between the sheets are quite weak.


The paper reseaches on flower-like palladium nano-particles on the surface of polyacrylonitrile fiber.The SEM showed that palladium particles like flower were uniformly distributed on the fiber surface.Typical palladium flowers were about 300nm in diameter,and particles are samller than 100nm.Growth steps of the flowers are figured out by the palladium crystals with different shapes found on the fiber surface.IR result showed that palladium was chelated to fiber by chemical bonds.The XRD pattern at 40.1°、46.6°and 68.1°displayed palladium characteristic diffraction peaks.


SummaryThe mechanisms involved in fat absorption are reviewed. Disturbances can occur in the stage of digestion and the stage of absorption. Fat maldigestion may be caused by impaired lipolysis (due to defective lipase synthesis or to defective lipase delivery), or by impaired micellar dispersion depending on the bile salts. Bile salt function can be disturbed by decreased secretion (defective synthesis or faulty delivery of bile acids), by intraluminal disturbances (hyperdilution, precipitation, bacterial deconjugation) or by defective reabsorption (short bowel syndrome).Fat malabsorption can be caused by mucosal cell damage (sprue, Whipple's disease, dermatitis herpetiformis, lambliasis, abetalipoproteinemia) or by impaired lymphatic duct-transport (intestinal lymphangiectasia, Whipple's disease). Mixed mechanisms are found in ileitis regionalis.


Abstract Runner variety farmers stock peanuts were treated with either distilled water, 52 ppm malathion. or chlorpyrifosmethyl (CM) applied at 10, 15, 20 and 25 ppm, held in a metal shed and artif...


The properties of the complex compound formed by zirconium with morin were investigated. This compound is light yellow, emits a green fluorescence in ultraviolet light, is readily soluble in water containing alcohol, and is stable in acidic solutions. It contains the two components in the molar ratio of 1:1. The apparent dissociation constant of the complex was calculated on the basis of a Job curve and found to have the value K/sub d/ = 2.6 x 10/sup -5/. This complex compound is suitable for the photometric determination of small quantities of zirconium. The optimum conditions for this determination were established. (auth)


The auxiliary-field Monte Carlo (AFMC) method, also known as the shell model Monte Carlo (SMMC), enables us to calculate microscopically statistical and collective properties of nuclei in the presence of strong correlations. These calculations can be carried out in shell model spaces that are many orders of magnitude larger than spaces that can be treated with conventional diagonalization methods. A recent major development has been the extension of the AFMC approach to heavy nuclei. Such applications to heavy nuclei have been a major challenge. On the conceptual level, a crucial question is whether a truncated spherical shell model Hamiltonian can describe the proper collectivity observed in heavy nuclei and, in particular, the rotational character of strongly deformed nuclei. On the technical level, the low excitation energies make it necessary to perform calculations down to much lower temperatures. At such low temperatures the propagator becomes ill-conditioned and requires the introduction of stabilization methods.


An assessment of water quality of river Salandi which originates from the well-known biosphere of Similipal reserve forest of Mayurbhanja district in Odisha passing through the Hadagada dam, Agarpada and Bhadrak town and joins ultimately with the river Baitarani near Akhandalmani, the so called reputed natural spot Tinitar ghat. The river Salandi receives the forest runoff, untreated and semi-treated mining effluents, agricultural discharges, industrial discharges of Ferro Alloys Corporation (FACOR) plant and urban discharges, which are the prime causes of the pollution, as reported in several newspapers. In the present study, the physicochemical and bacteriological parameters of water were analyzed by collecting the water samples from nine different stations of the river Salandi by using standard procedures 1 during summer( April & May ) and during rainy(August) season and highlights the quality of water. The water quality of the river Salandi is contaminated both physically, chemically and bacteriologically measuring the water unfit for human consumption due to mining, industrial and urban discharges. The water of river Salandi is contaminated with chromium, phosphate, sulphate and iron from the mining belt, industries and agricultural lands, which endanger the livelihoods of the dwellers. Besides, the urban waste from the Bhadrak municipality also adds to this pollution which challenges the survival of the ecosystem.


The shelf life of fish was extended using disinfection properties of ozone. For this purpose, Trout specimens were exposed to ozone in the aqueous media for two hours and their microbial growth and biochemical properties were measured over time. Microbial growth of ozone treated fish was significantly slower than the control sample, resulting in lower counts of bacteria (Acceptable point: less than 5*10 4 /gr or cm 2 ). According to the biochemical tests; ozone treatment had no negative effects on fat, protein and the humidity of the fish. Peroxide and TVN (Total Volatile Nitrogen) measurements showed that treatment by ozone increased the trout shelf life from 4 days to 6 days. According to the sensory analysis, no changes were observed in the color or flavor of the ozone treated trout.


The effective manipulation of temporal information about periodic events is required for solving complex problems such as long range scheduling or querying temporal information. Furthermore, many problems involving repeating events require the optimization of temporal aspects of these events, e.g., minimizing makespan in job-shop scheduling. This paper contains a framework for representing and solving reasoning problems in which temporal aspects of repeating events are to be optimized. This framework rests upon three foundations: recent work on the characterization of repeating events (Morris et al., 1996), the temporal CSP framework for processing constraints, (Dechter et al., 1991), and the semiring generalization of CSPs (Bistarelli et al., 1995). The semiring allows values to be associated with consistent solutions generated from the specification; the values are computed from functions that provide interpretations of the optimizing constraints.


The present invention the front, a label stock comprising a laminate consisting of the pressure sensitive adhesive layers and the coated release layer, the pressure sensitive adhesive layer, (a) a poly (vinyl aromatic compound) or more of a second end block and isoprene (I ) and butadiene (B) is (I) :( B) weight ratio of 35:65 to 80:20 is used as a block copolymer of one or more, including at least one middle block of a randomly copolymerized mixture, the intermediate block is a block copolymer, having a single glass transition temperature Tg -50 ℃ or less as measured according to ASTM E-1356-98; (B) a poly (vinyl aromatic compound) and one block of polymerized butadiene and / or comprising a single block of the isoprene and at least one di-block copolymer; (C) a tackifying resin; And (d) optionally comprises a plasticizer, wherein the component (a) is a thermoplastic elastomer, component (b), accounting for the component (a) and 30 to 85% based on the total weight of the mixture of (b), components (a) and (b) mixture, based on 100 parts by weight of component (c), to a label stock for use as part of an adhesive 20 to 450 wt. Label stock, styrenic block copolymers, die cutting, the pressure sensitive adhesive, a tackifying resin


Many initiatives, such as Agenda 21, had indicated the critical role of education in the process of reaching a sustainable future, in an effort for making education an active participant towards sustainable development. This study aimed to identify key sustainability components integrated into STEM in 8th-grade curricula, we explored sustainability activities and projects aligned with the Next Generation of Science Standards (NGSS) and Standards for Technological Literacy (STL). The research question for this study focused on exploring the key components for the integration of sustainability education into Science, Mathematics, Technology, and Engineering Education in middle schools. We analyzed 73 peer-reviewed articles from 2013 to 2018, gathered through a systemized literature review, by using inductive and deductive methods. The findings from the inductive analysis revealed that projects and curricula in most of the cases used real-world issues as a critical element for the implementation of sustainability in classrooms. Our analysis also found a relationship between the content of the project and the context in which students applied their knowledge. As a result, and by using this relationship, we provide an outline that organizes the peer-reviewed articles based on the content of the project and students' context. This outline should further help educators to organize their lessons, depending on the proximity of students' contexts, and scaffold their learning to more complex contexts. On the other hand, the findings from the deductive analysis revealed some of the (NGSS) and (STL) that align with sustainability components.


Methyl stearate was synthesized by esterification of stearic acid with methyl alcohol using p-toluene sulfonic acid as a catalyst.The results indicated that p-toluene sulfonic acid possessed high catalytic activity for the esterification reaction.The synthetic conditions were optimized,including the reaction time,the molar ratio of stearic acid to methyl alcohol and the amount of p-toluene sulfonic acid used.The optimal reaction conditions were as follows: n(stearic acid)∶n(methyl alcohol)=1∶3.5,2.5% p-toluene sulfonic acid(based on the weight of stearic acid),refluxing for 4 h.The conversion of stearic acid was greater than 98.5%,the acid value of the product was smaller than 3.0 mg KOH/g.


The utility model discloses a spring steel wire quenching device which comprises a body, wherein a transmission device for transmitting quenching components is arranged on the body, and the body is provided with a water spraying device which sprays water to quenching components and a dipping device which carries out dipped type quenching to the quenching components in turn along the transmission direction of the transmission device. The water spraying device is a water spraying slot ring, the water spraying slot ring is provided with a plurality of water spraying heads around the quenching components. The dipping device comprises a sealed type water cooling guiding pipe and an upper end opened water cooling slot which are arranged in turn along the transmission direction, the quenching components penetrate through a sealed water pipe and the water cooling slot in turn. The technical solution is adopted, induction heating enables the spring steel wires to obtain sufficient austenization in the heat processing process, the steel wire surface can be flushed with high pressure and high speed water current to cool rapidly in the water spraying slot ring, hereby achieving the purpose of cooling the steel wire evenly, and then the steel wires enters a full-quenching and semi-opened dipping device for further cooling to achieve the purpose of full quenching.


During the last decades, it has become clear that systems formed by many interacting parts show emergent dynamical properties which are inherently related to the topology of the underlying pattern of connections among the constituent parts. Such systems, usually known as complex systems, are in general suitably described through their networks of contacts, that is, in terms of nodes (representing the system's components) and edges (standing for their interactions), which allows to catch their essential features in a simple and general representation. In recent years, increasing interest on this approach, thanks also to a favorable technological progress, led to the accumulation of an increasing amount of data. This situation has allowed the arising of new questions and, therefore, the diversification of the scientific work. Among them, we can point out three general issues that have been receiving a lot of interest: (i) is the available information always reliable and complete? (ii) how does a complex interaction pattern affect the emergence of collective behavior in complex systems? And (iii) which is the role of mobility within the framework of complex networks? This thesis has been developed along these three lines, which are strictly interrelated. We expand on three case-studies, each one of which deals with two the above mentioned macro-issues. We consider the issue of the incompleteness of the available information both in the case of natural (Chapter 2) and artificial (Chapter 3) networks. As a paradigmatic emergent behavior, we focus on the synchronization of coupled phase oscillators (Chapter 2 and Chapter 4), deeply investigating how different patterns of connections can affect the achievement of a globally coherent state. Finally, we include moving agents in two different frameworks, using them as explorers of unknown networks (Chapter 3) and considering them as interacting units able to establish connections with their neighbors (Chapter 4). In Chapter 2, we study the problem of the reconstruction of an unknown interaction network, whose nodes are Kuramoto oscillators. Our aim is to extract topological features of the connectivity pattern from purely dynamical measures, based on the fact that in a heterogeneous network the global dynamics is not only affected by the distribution of the natural frequencies but also by the location of the different values. The gathered topological information ranges from local features, such as the single node connectivity, to the hierarchical structure of functional clusters, and even to the entire adjacency matrix. In Chapter 4, instead, we present a model of integrate and fire oscillators that are moving agents, freely displacing on a plane. The phase of the oscillators evolves linearly in time and when it reaches a threshold value they fire at their neighbors. In this way, the interaction network is a dynamical object by itself since it is re-created at each time step by the motion of the units. Depending on the velocity of the motion, the average number of neighbors, the coupling strength and the size of the agents population, we identify different regimes. Moving agents are employed also in Chapter 3 where they play the role of explorers of unknown artificial networks, having the mission to recover information about their structures. We propose a model in which random walkers with previously assigned home nodes navigate through the network during a fixed amount of time. We consider that the exploration is successful if the walker gets the information gathered back home, otherwise, no data is retrieved. We show that there is an optimal solution to this problem in terms of the average information retrieved and the degree of the home nodes and design an adaptive strategy based on the behavior of the random walker.


Case-Report of a Leukoaraiosis Soeumin Patient with Left Side Weakness, Dyspepsia And Other Symptoms Improved by Combined Treatment of Onbaek-won Seung-Wan Jo · Ji-Yeon Oh · Eun-Chul Lim · Ji-Yoon Koh · Ju-Hyeon Lee · Gyo-Min Lim · Soo-Yeon Han · Mi-Hyun Kim Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, Dongseo-Medical center, Dept. of Oriental Internal Medicine, Dongseo-Medical center, Dept. of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, Dongseo-Medical center, Dept. of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Dongseo-Medical center, Dept. of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation, Dongseo-Medical center Objectives We report 1 treatment case with Onbaek-won which is based on Sasang constitutional medicine for specific symptoms that leukoaraiosis Soeumin patient has. Methods We treated leukoaraiosis Soeumin patient suffering from specific symptoms. We prescribed Onbaek-won for her physical symptoms. The improvement of her symptoms were evaluated by Manual Muscle Test(MMT) and Visual Analogue Scale(VAS). Results After the Onbaek-won was given, the patient's most of symptoms were improved. And there was not any adverse effect. Conclusions This study shows that using Onbaek-won can be effective treatment for leukoaraiosis Soeumin patient's specific symptoms.


The reaction of 2-chloroallyl acetate with a mixture of sodium diethyl methylmalonate and sodium phenoxide in the presence of a platinum(0) complex as a catalyst gave a product having the carbon nucleophile at the central carbon atom of the π-allyl ligand and the oxygen nucleophile at the terminal carbon atom. The key process of this reaction is the nucleophilic substitution at the central carbon atom of the π-allyl ligand. Further examples of nucleophilic substitution at the central and terminal carbon atoms of a π-allyl ligand were demonstrated for the case of a palladium(0) complex as the catalyst.


In this paper we seek to employ the Capability Approach to evaluate the development impact of a weather information system in West Bengal, India. Responding to the challenges of operationalising the CA, we have adopted a focus on social practice as a basis for identifying capability enhancement among the participants in the system. We find that practice as an epistemological lens can be an appropriate way to fill in the analytical gap between ICTs as "goods and services" and their role in enabling valued "beings and doings".


Author(s): Balakrishnan, Amritha | Advisor(s): Morris, Gerald | Abstract: T cells that express 2 T cell receptors (TCRs), generated by productive rearrangement of both TCRα loci which pair with a single TCRβ, comprise ~10 percent of peripheral T cells in mice and humans. However, these dual receptor cells contribute 30-50% of the auto- and alloreactive T cell repertoires in naive mice and to acute graft versus host disease in patients post-transplant. The disproportionate contribution of dual TCR T cells to these processes suggests that they may contain a repertoire of TCRs with atypical reactivities. Our laboratory focuses on dual TCR T cells as a naturally-existing model to investigate thymic selection and T cell repertoire reactivity. In this work we investigate the highly alloreactive nature of dual TCR T cells by studying chronic graft versus host disease as a model linking thymic development to peripheral reactivity and disease pathology. We show that increased thymic production of dual TCR cells due to ineffective thymic selection results in an altered peripheral repertoire comprised of cells that are reactive to self. Patients with chronic graft versus host disease have a significantly increased and activated population of dual TCR cells that display a proinflammatory phenotype, as determined by targeted RNA sequencing. Using a mouse model of bone marrow transplant we were able to determine that defective negative selection due to thymic damage inflicted by pre-transplant conditioning was the cause of the increased dual TCR production. Lastly, we demonstrate a competitive advantage for dual TCR cells in lymphopenic conditions driven by their high affinity for self-peptide:MHC.


Chemical artifacts, such as deamidation events or disulfide structure modification, can alter the structure of bio-pharmaceuticals. A particularly challenging artifact is the formation of trisulfides. High trisulfide levels interfere with certain conjugation chemistries in the development of antibody drug conjugates. It is best to address those potential issues early in the development pipeline to avoid costly remediation downstream.


The Directorate General of Immigration as the spearhead of the agency responsible for immigration in Indonesia is obliged to improve the implementation of a series of immigration activities in order to achieve public satisfaction with transparency in the field of immigration services, accountability and high responsiveness in handling incoming complaints from the public. Because the level of satisfaction from the community towards immigration officers is a reference and an important factor that needs to be considered in immigration services. In this case, the existing quality improvement can be in the form of innovations made in each UPT Dirjenim itself. One of the innovations is shown by the existence of the Eazy Passport service. Eazy Passport is a form of service provided by the immigration office work unit to fulfill the immigration function, namely immigration services. The Eazy Passport facility is a passport issuance service that is carried out collectively outside the immigration office with a minimum requirement of 20-25 applicants. In order to achieve optimal service, it is closely related and becomes the main thing for the realization of Good Governance in the work area of the immigration office. The service itself can be described as an effort to serve the needs of others who get rewards or services. Good governance itself aims to reform the bureaucracy to organize a system that regulates the implementation of a quality, effective and efficient Kemenkumham organization, so that it is able to provide appropriate, efficient, and professional services to the community. In this study, used descriptive qualitative research methods. A research method related to the social sciences that collects and provides analysis related to research subject data both in behavior, motivation, action by way of description in the form of words and language specifically that utilizes various scientific methods. The conclusion in this study is in the form of an Eazy Passport service which aims to prevent Covid-19 in the work environment of the Class I Immigration Office of TPI Bandar Lampung to prioritize Eazy Passport services in order to suppress clusters or the spread of positive cases of Covid-19 in the office environment and to realize optimal services. to support the achievement of good governance.


Good-quality evidence supports an association between migraine and ischemic stroke, but the details of the relation are poorly understood. In this case-control study, researchers examined the headache and medical histories of 386 women (age range, 15–49) hospitalized for a first ischemic stroke and of 614 age-matched women with no history of stroke. Based on self-report, participants were classified as having "probable" migraine (without or with visual aura) …


Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality in Poland and are responsible for almost 50% all death. Epidemiological studies have shown that cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are closely related to atherosclerotic risk factors. The main risk factors are classical ones, such as: age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, abdominal obesity, smoking, physical inactivity and psychosocial factors. These factors include modifiable lifestyles, biochemical and physiological characteristics, as well as nonmodifiable personal characteristics like age and gender. Undoubted success in recent years is the reduction of major cardiovascular events, also thanks to dissemination of knowledge about coronary risk factors. Aim of this study is to collect and review of the literature of risk factors, their true value, the impact on the course and final prognostic significance in cardiovascular diseases. The benefits of reducing excess weight, arterial pressure and level of glucose to the lowest value, seem to be doubtful and no so obvious as previously considered. Keywords


Objective This clinical study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of a laparoscopic approach for the diagnosis and treatment of congenital duodenal obstruction.Methods Ten children, aged 5 days to 10 years, underwent laparoscopic surgery. The procedure was performed using 3 or 4 trocars of 3.5mm to 5.5mm diameter. The causes of duodenal obstruction were diagnosed and operated. A standard Ladd's procedure was performed in 5 neonates with malrotation. One newborn and 2 infants with duodenal web necessitated a partial excision of the diaphragm. Two girls had superior mesenteric artery syndrome(SMAS) and underwent laparoscopic lysis of Treitz's ligament and Roux-en-Y duodenojejunostomy.Results All procedures were completed successfully. Operative times ranged from 1 to 3.5 hours. Feedings was started on postoperative day 1 to 3. Hospital stay ranged from 5 to 7 days. There was no complication.Conclusions Laparoscopy is a safe and excellent technique for the diagnosis and operative management of duodenal obstruction.


Shock vector control (SVC) based on transverse jet injection is one of the fluidic thrust vectoring (FTV) technologies, and is considered as a promising candidate for the future exhaust system working at high nozzle pressure ratio (NPR). However, the low vector efficiency (η) of the SVC nozzle remains an important problem. In the paper, a new method, named as the improved SVC, was proposed to improve the vector efficiency (η) of a SVC nozzle, which enhances the vector control of primary supersonic flow by adopting a bypass injection. It needs less secondary flow from high pressure component of an aero-engine and has smaller influence on the working character of an aero-engine. The flow mechanism of the improved SVC nozzle was investigated by solving three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier--Stokes with shear stress transport (SST) κ–ω turbulence model. The shock waves, jets-primary flow interactions, flow separation, and vector performance were analyzed. The influences of aerodynamic and geometric parameters, namely, NPR, secondary pressure ratio (SPR), and bypass injection position (Xj.ad.) on flow characteristics and vector performance were investigated. Based on the design of experiment (DOE), the response surface methodology (RSM) and the simulation model of an aero-engine, a method to estimate the coupling performance of the improved SVC nozzle and an aero-engine was studied, and a new balance relationship between the improved SVC nozzle and an aero-engine was established. Results shows that (1) with the assistance of bypass injection, the jet penetration and the capability of vector control are largely improved, resulting in a vector efficiency (η) of 1.98 deg/%-ω at the designed NPRD = 13.88; (2) in a wide range of operating conditions, larger vector angle (δp), higher thrust coefficient (Cfg), and higher vector efficiency (η) of the improved SVC nozzle were obtained, (3) in the coupling process of the improved SVC nozzle and an aero-engine, a δp of 18.1 deg was achieved at corrected secondary flow ratio of 10% and corrected bypass ratio of 6.98%, and the change of the thrust and the specific fuel consumption (SFC) were within 12%, which is better than the coupling performance of a SVC nozzle and an aero-engine.


This chapter surveys the question of ideological bias in the so-called "Western" text of Acts. P.-H. Menoud published a fourteen-page article on "The Western Text and the Theology of Acts", half of which he employed to demonstrate that the D-text version of the Apostolic Decree in Acts 15:19-29 carries an "anti-Jewish tendency". By way of summary, numerous reviewers and readers since then have followed a similar line in acknowledging that the anti-Judaic thesis had been justified, or at least that various single variation-units revealed such a bias in the "Western" text, while at the same time professing that the evidence had been overly pressed, the argument overly subtle, or that factors other than an anti-Judaic bias could have given rise to certain textual alterations, factors such as liturgical or stylistic influences, or a wish to enhance the apostles or to produce a vivid narrative.Keywords: Acts; anti-Jewish tendency; Apostolic Decree; D-text version; liturgical influence; P.-H. Menoud; textual alterations


A greenhouse experiment with controlled lighting, temperature, moisture, and nutrients was conducted to compare the development of the fibrous root system for a smooth root (SR) sugarbeet genotype with that of four other diverse variety/ genotypes having standard grooved root architecture. Comparisons also included partition ing of photosynthate to leaf blade, petiole, taproot, and fibrous root for the five variety/ genotypes studied, and for their agronomic performance in a replicated field trial. The SR genotype produced the same ratio of taproot to fibrous roots as did the commercial hybrid variety 'Mono Hy E4.' There was a trend for fibrous roots of the SR line to develop lower on the taproot, farther from the crown, than in standard root types. The SR type had simHar leaf area, tap root/ leaf blade fresh weight ratio (TLWR), and. partitioning of photosynthate to leaf blades, petioles, taproots and fibrous roots as did the commercial varieties. The SR line was more closely aligned with the commer cial varieties in fibrous root growth and partitioning of photosynthate to plant parts than were the two other stan dard root type genotypes. From these greenhouse ex periments on fibrous root yield and partitioning, supported by agronomic field data, I conclude that the SR root type can produce enough fibrous roots to transport the required nutrients and water to allow yield comparable to standard root type sugarbeets.


The absolute determination of the acceleration of gravity, a new way to measure mass and a completely different approach to separating chemicals are among the highlights of advances researchers in physics and chemistry have made in the past year. Chemical and physical research lacks the glamour and public exciteYoshioka ment of space efforts, public health programs or nuclear excavations. But the basic research, such as that which leads to the observation of links between crystals in a polymer, the discovery of an excitonic molecule or finding the minimum amount of energy needed to produce a chemical reaction, is the foundation on which all technological progress depends. Just as the studies of Dr. Robert Sanderson Mulliken, Nobel Prize winner in chemistry, and of Prof. Alfred Kastler, Nobelist in physics, opened wide the gates for better understanding of the behavior of chemical compounds and thus their application, and the development of the laser which is now an essential tool in many fields of research and technology, so other seemingly useless and impractical research could provide bases for future advancements. still unknown. Chemists in recent years have been delving deeper and deeper into the molecular structure of compounds and the make-up of their atoms in search of the answer to what makes them tick, and the age-old question of what life is and where it begins. Although the present trend emphasizes technology rather than basic science, for the complex and intricate technology of today in all phases of activity, basic research in chemistry and physics is indispensible. This year: The National Academy of SciencesNational Research Council urged a 25% increase during the next three to four years in the support of chemical research. The theory that particles and antiparticles are mirror images of each other was challenged by one experiment on the eta meson and confirmed by another. The discovery of a double-hypernucleus, the first known example of a lambda lambda helium nucleus with an atomic weight of six, foreshadows the development of a complete periodic table of chemical elements, with double and possibly triple hyper-nuclei. A new absolute determination of the acceleration of gravity was made in falling-body experiments at the Gaithersburg, Md., laboratories of the National Bureau of Standards. A value of 9.801018 m/ S2 with a standard deviation of 0.3 x 10-5 m/s2, was obtained. The positron's gyromagnetic ratio, called the "g-factor," was measured to one part in 100,000, the first accurate measurement of this basic constant of the atom. Tiny variations in the movement of electrons across the interface between nickel and germanium were observed, providing scientists with a clue to how catalysts work. Mass can now be measured in space by a new method known as "linear spring mass pendulum," which does not depend upon the attraction of gravity. The six-sided cell of carbon, which contains ten atoms, was seen for the first time through an electron microscope and photographed. Discovery was made of a new extremely short-lived particle N-:3245, the heaviest yet found, about three and one-half times heavier than the proton. Direct measurement of the minimum amount of energy necessary to produce a simple chemical reaction was successfully made. A radio-wave method was proposed as a means of discovering whether "quarks," the suggested building blocks of all materials in the universe, actually exist. Direct measurements of the chemical properties of astatine, a highly radioactive element, were made for the first time. A completely different method of separation of chemicals called parametric pumping was successfully tested. It operates by causing a continuous oscillating change in the temperature of adsorbent particles. A material that bends and stretches like rubber and still has the characteristics of concrete was formed from a basically silicon substance. An increase in the variety of tailormade fibers was foreseen with the development of a two-component manmade textile fiber in which one constituent is embedded in the matrix of another. Microwave radio waves of 12,000 million pulsations every second, the highest ever reported, were generated by means of a thin crystal of gallium arsenide. For the first time a full-scale high energy physics experiment employed a super-conducting magnet in connection with a one-foot bubble chamber for tracking nuclear particles. A strong, high-temperature plastic that is not degraded by long hot exposure to air was shown to be stronger than aircraft aluminum and to compare favorably with steel when reinforced with glass cloth. So fast were the new advances in holography that three-dimensional television has been predicted within 20 years. The intense bursts of light from a laser produced temperatures high enough to break gas atoms apart into electrically charged particles. From analysis of barium 140 after atmospheric nuclear explosions since 1961, a New Zealand scientist reports that radioactive debris from American, Soviet, French or Chinese nuclear tests crosses the equator and falls out in the Southern Hemisphere. The first direct observation of links between the crystals in a polymer has been made. The intercrystalline links measure up to 15,000 angstroms long and between 30 and 300 A thick. A technique that makes it possible for the first time to duplicate and observe what happens inside molten metal as it solidifies has been devised. An excitonic molecule, made up of two electrons and two positively charged "holes." was observed in silicon. Holes are unoccupied energy levels that electrons could fill. Dr. Robert Sanderson Mulliken was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his fundamental work on molecular structure. Prof. Alfred Kastler received the Nobel Prize in Physics for his development of optical pumping.


Server power supply with universal input is composed of power factor correction (PFC) stage and front-end dc-dc stage. The output voltage of PFC stage varies with input voltage rms in order to improve the efficiency at low line. So it is important to select a dc-dc converter with wide input range. This paper proposes that a hybrid full-bridge three-level (HFB TL) converter is suitable for this application. The merits of this converter are low voltage stress of power semiconductor, small circulating energy and output filter inductor. The features of proposed converter are compared with the conventional phase-shift full-bridge (PS FB) dc-dc converter. The prototypes of two PS FB converters with different input range and HFB TL converter are built up to verify the analysis


Valencia Orange was used to produce a juice enriched with probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus casei). The optimal concentration of stabilizer was evaluated by performing a screening with three types of gums (xanthan, CMC, and pectin), evaluated using a factorial arrangement 33 . Subsequently the microorganism at three different concentrations (0.4 -0.5 and 0.6 was added 6 Mc - Farland) and physiologically active compounds (calcium and vitamin C) 20% of the recommended daily value according to the resolution 333 of 2011 the ministry of social protection. The results showed that 0.02% pectin, CMC and Xanthan 0.015% 0.014% should be added. The analysis of the concentration of microorganisms during storage time shows that the initial concentration increased up to 7.21 * 109 CFU, and the pH remained constant from day 15 to 20 in 3.8.


The authors examine consumers' valuation for food-away-from-home products with and without nutritional labels using experimental auctions. They presented subjects with three different nutritional information schemes: a European Union type label, a United States type label, and a traffic-light colored information label. Furthermore, they examined the role of reference prices (i.e., the real market prices of the products) within the context of experimental auctions. Using well-known products, our results indicate that subjects bid more for the products with nutritional labels. However, among products with nutritional information, subjects' willingness to pay values differ depending on the type of nutritional label on the product. In addition, the authors find evidence that inclusion of reference prices leads to higher bids. lJEL classifications: D12, C23r. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


WHEREAS volunteers provide invaluable support to our Texas public schools through the donation of their time, talent and financial resources; and WHEREAS the State Board of Education has honored outstanding school volunteers with the Heroes for Children award since 1994; and WHEREAS Olga Charles has been an activ


In the context of the 'global land grab', the Lao Peoples Democratic Republic has been identified as a hotspot for large-scale land acquisitions sought by capital strong foreign investors. However, in the rapidly commercialising agrarian landscape of northern Laos, other and more subtle forms of land acquisitions are also taking place. These are mainly pursued by smaller companies and private investors promoting cash-crops in contract-farming arrangements or renting agricultural land from farmers on short-term contracts; often with little or no initial involvement of the government actors. This paper investigates such 'small-scale' land acquisitions in relation to the recent boom in banana investments in Long District, Luang Namtha Province. Here, banana investments have increased rapidly since 2008-9 with Chinese investors establishing plantations on land rented for 3 to 6 years in the easily accessible and fertile lowland areas along the main district road. Taking point of departure in the experiences of a small minority community in Long District, where two different banana investors established plantations in 2011, the paper focus on the network of actors involved in bringing about banana investments, the strategies employed by investors for gaining access to land, and the agrarian transformations that follows in relation to local agricultural production. The paper is based on data collected through fieldwork in Laos in April-May and August-December 2014 using semi-structured and group interviews, informal conversations, participant observation, and household questionnaires. Two aspects of this study contribute to the ongoing discussion in the 'global land grab' debate. Firstly, the results show that despite the small scale of the investments and the short term contracts, the actual land use transformation induced by the plantations represent a strong alienation of land. Secondly, the analysis reveals how the banana investors, circumventing government actors, establish a network of local land brokers and middlemen, relying on personal relationships and 'snowballing' techniques to identify suitable land areas and facilitate negotiations over land directly with farmers. Furthermore, the investors employ the full range of 'powers of exclusion' (Hall et al., 2011) to gain control over the land. Thus, while these 'small-scale' land acquisitions might appear to represent a less dramatic enclosure than long-term and large-scale concessions, the contractual arrangements and the land use conversion they entail have significant implications for changing access to resources, land and general livelihood opportunities for the local communities involved.


Real agricultural income in the EU is estimated to have fallen by 4.0% in 2015 relative to 2014, while agricultural labour input dropped by 1.8%, thus income per worker decreased by 2.1%. The value of agricultural output in 2015 decreased by 3.0% in real terms, mainly due to a marked fall in the value of animal production, a slight decrease in the value of crop production, and a moderate decrease for input costs. The fall for animal production is mainly due to declines for milk and pigs, partly compensated by increases for cattle, sheep and goats, eggs and poultry. Concerning crop production, falls for sugar beet, grain maize, forage plants, oilseeds and oleaginous fruits, barley, and wheat and spelt, were almost counterbalanced by rises for olive oil, fresh vegetables, fruits and wine. The drop in the value of sugar beet and maize was associated with the summer drought in certain Member States. Input costs decreased by 3.5%, mainly due to reductions for energy and lubricants, and animal feed. The fall in the price of feed is a reflection of the decrease in the producer price of several cereals. These data are based on a revised set of estimates published by Eurostat in March 2016.


the assertion that the' matter of fact' is not to be settled by appeal even to observable evidence, much less to ordinary language or theology. Behavioural criteria ' may indeed be inevitable ' but ' the simple truth is that we cannot know ' (p. 103). What could be the source of this doubt? Possibly it arises from a belated recognition of the irreconcilable apparent alternatives (neither tenable) that everything is a person or else nothing is. But there are indications that the ' ontological doubt' has another source, which gives rise as well to the two untenable notions of underspecdfiabihty as a criterion of personality. If all observable and behavioural criteria for being a person are satisfied by an entity, and ' doubt' remains about whether that entity is, in fart, a person, this doubt can only mean that the criteria are regarded as signs of the presence of ' something more ' which makes that entity a person. By definition, this ' something more ' is unobservable in principle. Initially, Professor MacKay seems to regard this ' something more' only as the necessary underspecifiability which each person has with respert to himself and is willing (or forced) to extend to others in dialogue with them. Then since some degree of underspecifiability is gained by any object interacting with a person, the notion of' commitment implicit in dialogue' is introduced. While a person can choose to withold this commitment by refraining from dialogue, there is no odier way he can do so. But in his conclusions, Professor MacKay seems willing to admit the possibUity of an unobscrvable ' something more ' over and above the difference in viewpoints when a person describes himself' from inside' and when he describes another, whom he sees ' from outside '. It would seem that if an entity meets the observable criteria, whether the entity is called a person because the ' arbiters' are willing (emotionally committed) or forced (because it is a logical necessity), there is no room for an unobservable something more, whose presence or absence must then be further considered.


This study discusses the attitude of corruption based on the perspective of al-Qawāid al-Fiqhiyyah. Corruption is a symptom of a dilemma because of its position not only as an extraordinary crime, but also as a human actualization to feel the hierarchy of needs. This requires a subjective attitude-primordialist-dogmatic in the form of Islamic views with a jurisprudential (fiqh) approach and perspective of al-Qawāid al-Fiqhiyyah in addressing the two symptoms of the dilemma. The attitude and view of al-Qawāid al-Fiqhiyyah to the punishment of corruption by methodology is done by six categories of rules (major theory) consisting of fourteen applied rules (minor theory). This paper concludes that the attitude of corruption criminal cases can be done with five things; the completion of the Highly Political Cost System, confirmation and tightening of law enforcement, alleviating the economic factors of the government apparatu,  to sharpen and culture the hedonism and consumerism, and religious moral preservation.


In this paper, we will analyze monetary policy of the Bank of Japan, the central bank of Japan, under the second Abe Cabinet term which started in December 2012. The Bank set the "price stability target" at 2 percent in terms the year-on-year rate of change in the consumer price index in January 2013 and has made a commitment to achieving this target at the earliest possible time. The Abe Cabinet's policy feature was monetary easing from the start. At the Monetary Policy Meeting held on October 31, 2014, the Bank decided monetary easing by accelerating the pace of increase in the monetary base and by increasing asset purchases and extending the average remaining maturity of Japanese government bond purchases. We analyzed the Monetary Policy Meeting minutes by text mining technologies. Especially we conducted a topic extraction using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation model from the Meeting minutes from January 2013 to June 2014. The extracted topics clearly showed their monetary easing policies. In addition, we found that a topic corresponding to the consumption tax hike held on April first, 2014 of which topic ratio increased in the last of 2013.


Simple Summary According to Directive 2010/63/EU, project proposals involving experiments on animals have to be approved in a harm-benefit-analysis (HBA) that weighs the potential benefits of the experiment against the harm inflicted on animals. Only if the benefit outweighs the harm, will the project be approved. However, it is unclear what counts as a valid benefit. In this paper, we analyze the underlying premises of the HBA and its consequences for the project evaluation process. We come to the conclusion that knowledge, as such, is considered a low benefit and that only knowledge applied to benefit society, e.g., new cancer treatment or potent vaccine, etc., is considered to be a high benefit. However, we demonstrate that benefit of this kind cannot be assessed prospectively for research proposals due to the inherent uncertainties of research and the difficulty of determining extra-scientific factors that are crucial for the generation of societal benefit. As a consequence, we advocate a reevaluation of current project evaluation and propose to develop an alternative model for project evaluation. Abstract Directive 2010/63/EU (henceforth "Directive") on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes mandates that every project proposal in EU member states involving procedures on living non-human vertebrates and cephalopods has to be approved in an review process, including a harm-benefit-analysis (HBA), to assess "whether the harm to the animals in terms of suffering, pain and distress is justified by the expected outcome taking into account ethical consideration and may ultimately benefit human beings, animals or the environment". Despite the justifying relevance of "outcome" and "benefit", it remains unclear how to understand these concepts. However, national authorities and applicants require a clear understanding of this to carry out a HBA. To analyze the underlying premises of the HBA and its consequences for the evaluation process, we introduce a heuristic to analyze the relation between "outcome", "benefit" and "prospective benefit assessment". We then apply the heuristic to all seven legitimate purposes for animal research stated in the Directive, namely basic research, translational or applied research, product safety, education and training, protection of the environment, preservation of species and forensic inquiries. As we show, regardless of which purpose is aimed for, applicants are hard-pressed to demonstrate tangible benefits in a prospective assessment. In the HBA, this becomes a problem since—as we argue—the only reasonable, expected and tangible outcome of research can ever be knowledge. The potential long-term benefits on the basis of gained knowledge are unforeseeable and impossible to predict. Research is bound to fall short of these proclaimed societal benefits and its credibility will suffer as long as research has to validate itself through short-term societal benefit. We propose to revise the ethical evaluation based on the HBA and we think it necessary to develop an alternative model for project evaluation that focuses on the value of knowledge as a scientific outcome as a necessary but not sufficient condition for societal benefit.


Abstract High-speed solenoid valve (HSV) is the heart of electronic control fuel system for diesel engines, whose electromagnetic force (EF) determines the dynamic response speed of fuel system. The finite element model of HSV has been established and validated by experiment. Methods of experimental design and correlation analysis have been used for the simulation experiment. The effect laws of six key parameters' interactions on EF under HSV's overall operating conditions have been revealed from the results of the simulation. In addition, three key second-order factors' interaction principles are explained. Results show that under overall operating conditions HSV's EF is influenced not only by its parameters singly, but also parameters' interactions


In a theoretical model of political competition we analyze the role played by a criminal organization that can sell the votes it controls to the highest bidder. We show that (i) the incumbent party is willing to pay the highest price to secure mafia services; (ii) the volume of electoral trade with the mafia increases with political competition.
Guided by these theoretical predictions, we study in detail the parliamentary elections in Sicily for the period 1946-92. We document the significant support given by the Sicilian mafia to the Christian Democratic Party when the electoral competition by the Communist party strengthened.

We also provide suggestive evidence that, in exchange for its electoral support, the mafia obtained economic advantages in the construction sector.


The aim of this study is evaluating the classification performances of two machine-learning methods on the antepartum cardiotocography (CTG) data. The classification is necessary to predict newborn health, especially for the critical cases. Cardiotocography is used for assisting the obstetricians' to obtain detailed information during the pregnancy as a technique of measuring fetal wellbeing, essentially in pregnant women having potential complications. The obstetricians describe CTG shortly as a continuous electronic record of the baby's heart rate took from the mother's abdomen. The acquired information is necessary to visualize unhealthiness of the embryo and gives an opportunity for early intervention prior to happening a permanent impairment to the embryo. The aim of the machine learning methods is by using attributes of data obtained from the uterine contraction (UC) and fetal heart rate (FHR) signals to classify as pathological or normal. In this paper, we implement a model based CTG data classification system using a supervised SVM and C 4.5 algorithm which can classify the CTG data based on its training data. According to the arrived results, the performance of the C 4.5 based classification approach provided significant performance. We used Accuracy, Specificity and sensitivity, NPV, PPV and ROC as the metric to evaluate the performance. It was found that, the C 4.5 based classifier was capable of identifying Normal, Suspicious and Pathologic condition, from the nature of CTG data with very good accuracy.


A numerical scheme is developed for use on two-dimensional time-dependent incompressible turbulent flows of thigh Reynolds number, and applied to the flow over an impulsively started 15% thickness elliptic airfoil at an angle of attack of 30° at a Reynolds number of 5×105. The scheme divides the flow field around an airfoil into two regions, the boundary-layer region and its outer flow region. The Reynolds equations with vorticity and stream function as variables are solved in the outer flow domain. The equation of integrated form for the vorticity is solved using a combination of finite differences and grid-free point vortices, while that for the stream function is solved by a similar technique to "Cloud In Cell" method. Results for the problem which involved massive flow separation were compared with experimental data and flow fields and aerodynamic forces acting on the airfoil compared well with mesurements.


The majority of sudden cardiac death cases are thought to result from tachyarrhythmias (particularly extreme forms such as ventricular fibrillation and Torsades de pointes, TdP). Early afterdepolarizations (EADs) are generally accepted as a potential cause of tachyarrhythmias. Experimental evidence has shown that tachyarrhythmias may also cause EADs, due to high frequency stimulation eliciting Ca accumulation and spontaneous Ca release. How these tachycardia-induced EADs affect the subsequent development of the tachyarrhythmias, and the transition to more extreme forms, is unknown.
To address this question, we used computer simulation of a mathematical model of the ventricular action potential, with complex Ca dynamics (the Chudin model type). We first investigated the ionic mechanisms underlying the appearance of tachycardia-induced EADs in a single cell model. We then examined, in 1-, 2-, and 3-dimensional tissue simulations, how these EADs developed under, and later influenced, reentrant tachyarrhythmic wave propagation. Enormous computational resources were required for large 3D tissue simulations, particularly for such a detailed action potential model. We introduced the first parallelized adaptive mesh refinement algorithm for the problem of cardiac simulation, reducing execution time by 4x within acceptable error bounds.
We found two distinct mechanisms for tachycardia-induced EADs. EADs could be caused by: sharp spontaneous release pulses during systole, generating the EAD upstroke via a transient inward current; or gradual spontaneous release peaking during late diastole, generating the EAD upstroke on the ensuing action potential via window L-type Ca current. The latter mechanism is novel, and provides a simpler explanation for late-coupled DADs and EADs.
In tissue models, we found that tachycardia-induced EADs could displace, terminate, and regenerate (via focal excitations) reentrant waves, recapitulating in silico many of the clinical features of TdP. In 3D tissue models with transmural tissue heterogeneity, we found that EADs in more prone regions could generate EADs in otherwise normally repolarizing regions, causing development of more extreme tachyarrythmia forms. Our results not only provide theoretical explanations for mechanisms of EAD-related phenomena, but also may aid in development and evaluation of anti-arrhythmic interventions, such as drug treatments and defibrillation.


In this paper Rajneesh Narula and Anabel Marin address an important policy question: Do foreign firms really transfer technology to domestic enterprises? This is a critical question from a policy perspective since many governments attract multinational enterprises through generous tax holidays and other benefits on the assumption that they do, in fact, transfer technology to domestic enterprises. Using data from the Innovation Survey in Argentina, the authors show that on the whole, MNEs hire more skilled workers, pay higher wages, and spend more on training than similar domestic enterprises. This provides one explanation for their higher productivity and the potential technology spillovers to the domestic economy. However, in the Argentinian case, the authors find that on average there were no significant positive technology spillovers to domestic enterprises. Based on the results, the authors suggest that much MNE activity in Argentina has been of the kind that has limited opportunities for linkages and spillovers. These are activities in which MNEs are simply able to generate economic rents from their superior knowledge of markets, and their ability to efficiently utilize their multinational network of affiliates.


Objective
To analyze the treatment trajectory and revelant factors of serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in patients with first-episode major depression after single-drug treatment.And to provide ideas for early optimal treatment.

Methods
This study was a real-world study in which 82 untreated outpatients with first-episode depression were enrolled for SSRIs monotherapy.The Eysenck Personality Test (EPQ), the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), Yale -Brown Forced Scale (Y-BOCS), Social Function Deficit Scale (SDSS) were used to assess all patients at baseline.Then the patients were treated with SSRIs monotherapy.Patients who did not achieve a HAMD-17 20% reduction rate in the second week switched to receive another SSRIs monotherapy application.Follow-up to the 12th week to analyze treatment trajectory and identify factors associated with treatment trajectory.

Results
The psychotism personality trait (B=-0.287, 95%CI=-0.701~-0.071, P=0.009) and age (B=0.099, 95%CI=0.014~0.244, P=0.017) were related to treatment trajectories.The psychotism personality trait did not directly influence the treatment trajectory but influenced the treatment indirectly through agitation and the effect value was 0.016, which accounted for 10.76% of the total effect.Social anxiety and avoidance, depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive symptoms and social dysfunction at baseline were not associated with antidepressant efficacy.

Conclusion
Psychoticism can predict the efficacy of antidepressants treatment as a mediator at the second week of treatment.

Key words:
Major depressive disorder; Psychotism; Trajectory analysis; Early improvement; Eisenck personality test


Maintenance of genomic integrity during early embryogenesis is essential for faithful embryonic development. However, mitotic errors during preimplantation development are surprisingly common and despite the fundamental importance of the cell divisions at the beginning of life, the mechanisms that control the correct progression through mitosis during pre-implantation development are not well characterized. The sensitivity of mammalian embryos to light and its demanding in vitro culture requirements have limited real-time imaging during the first embryonic divisions in the past. Today, advances in light-sheet microscopy allow in toto imaging of preimplantation mouse development from zygote to blastocyst at single chromosome resolution and enable us to study spindle assembly, chromosome restructuring and segregation. This presentation will discuss the insights we have gained by real-time imaging of the first cell divisions in mammalian life, and the role of the key molecular mechanisms that regulate mitosis during the critical first stages of embryo development.


We consider languages that use stack inspection as an access control mechanism, and concentrate on a specific optimization technique, namely method inlining. Based on the static analysis of [5], we specify when this optimization is possible, preserving the policy for access control associated with applications. Remarkably, our proposal works even in the presence of dynamic linking.


Objective To explore the inhibitory effects of P16 functional oligopeptide on proliferation of mouse C6 glioma cells and human U251 glioma cells cultivated in vitro.Methods The C6 cells and U251 cells were treated with different concentrations of P16 functional oligopeptide(12.5,25.0,50.0 and 100.0 mg·L-1) for 24,48 and 72 h,the negative control group(without P16 functional oligopeptide) was set up at the same time.The inhibitory rates of proliferation of C6 cells and U251 cells were detected with MTT.Results 12.5,25.0,50.0 and 100.0 mg·L-1 P16 functional oligopeptide inhibited the proliferation of C6 cells and U251 cells.The inhibitory rates of different doses of P16 functional oligopeptide were higher than that in negative control group(P0.01).The inhibitory rate was increased with the increasing of dose and prolongation of time.Conclusion P16 functional oligopeptide can inhibit the growth of C6 cells and U251 cells.


Objective: To evaluate the technique of BioEnterics Intragastric Balloon(BIB) and investigate its Efficacy for morbid obesity. Methods: 18 cases were treated by BIB in our department, 7 men and 11 women. with a mean age of 29years(range:23-34). The mean preoperative body mass index (BMI) was 32.1kg/m2 (range:29.6 to 34.2). Results: the mean operative time was 18 min (range: 15 to 25). There were nopostoperative deaths and perioperative complications. After(range: 24 to 32 weeks) follow-up of 27 weeks, the mean weight loss was 17.8 kg(range16.2 to 19.4). Conclusions: BIB is an un-invasive safe and effective procedure for morbid obesity.


Calorie Restriction (CR) is the only non‐pharmacological intervention that extends lifespan in animal models. However, it is unclear whether humans can implement CR without negative effects on body composition and, if so, whether it has effects consistent with attenuated metabolic aging. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of prolonged CR on body composition changes in CALERIE, a 24 month multi‐center randomized clinical trial. 218 non‐obese (body mass index: 22‐27 kg/m²) adults aged 21 to 51 years were enrolled and randomly assigned to 25% CR (CR group) or an ad libitum control (AL group) using a 2:1 allocation. Outcomes included body weight, waist circumference, and body fat mas (FM) and fat‐free mass (FFM) assessed using dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry. There were significant decreases in body weight (‐7.5±0.4 vs. 0.1±0.5 kg), FM (‐5.3±0.3 vs. 0.4±0.4 kg), waist circumference (‐6.1±0.4 vs. 0.9±0.5 cm) and FFM (‐2.2±0.2 vs. ‐0.2±0.2 kg) in the CR group compared to the AL group at 24 months (all p<0.001). However, at 24 months the percentage of weight change as FFM was not significantly different between the AL and CR groups (P=0.31). CR results in substantial changes in body composition but relative losses of FFM and FM appear to be comparable to those occurring with equivalent changes in body weight as observed in this study.


Reasonable and scientific charging stations location planning is the prerequisite for electric vehicles application. There are many factors affecting the location of charging stations. Not only the spatial and temporal characteristics of charging load, but also the cost and interests of each market entity should be considered. Based on the prediction of electric vehicle charging load in the temporal dimension, this paper distributes the charging demand spatially. Then the interests of electric vehicle owners, charging station operators and power grid companies is comprehensively considered in the optimization location model. The optimization location model is established with the objective of minimum cost in the whole society and with the constraint to meet the charging demand. At last, a study case is taken to verify the accuracy of the optimization location model.


The European inland waterway transport sector is a highly competitive one. The transport operators in this sector are mainly small companies with only one ship. Such companies have very few possibilities to distinguish themselves from their competitors. At the same time their main asset, their ship, is often highly standardized. In this thesis, it is researched to which extent the small companies in the inland waterway transport sector can improve their competitive position. This is done by minimization of the required ship rate and total logistical cost through optimization of the main dimensions of inland ships. To achieve this aim, a ship design model is developed. This model is used to create large series of designs in which length, beam and draught are varied systematically. These designs are used to develop a set of rules of thumb for steel weight, lightweight, building cost and cargo carrying capacity of inland ships with any combination of length, beam and draught. The optimal dimensions of a ship are a function of the properties of the transport chain in which it operates and the waterway on which it sails. Therefore, a second model is developed that allows assessment of the required ship rate and total logistical cost as a function of the main dimensions of the ship and the most important properties of the transport chain and the waterway. Finally, through an extensive scenario analysis flow charts are developed that allow estimation of the optimal ship dimensions as a function of the properties of the transport chain, the cargo type and the water depth.


Theoretical treatments of language, reading and their disorders are typically modular. They postulate that because individuals with (for instance) dyslexia are more impaired in their reading than in any other cognitive domain, the core deficit(s) should be traced back to a specific cognitive process that is critical for reading, but not for other functions (see Vellutino, Fletcher, Snowling, & Scanlon, 2004 for an example). Similarly, because children diagnosed with language deficits are often those who have more pronounced difficulties in specific aspects of language (e.g., syntax, phonology), explanations are sought in a particular linguistic domain. This view however fails to account for findings that pure cases are rare and that individuals who fail to develop adequate reading also have deficits in other cognitive and perceptual domains. Thus, understanding domain specific deficits as part of a more general cognitive difficulty may provide a better characterization of the underlying mechanisms. Following this conceptualization, we propose that the difficulties experienced by individuals with dyslexia (often concurrent with broader language difficulties) across cognitive domains such as reading, working memory and perception can be explained as a result of a core, domain general difficulty in anchoring, namely impaired ability to implicitly detect the statistical regularities of environmental sounds.


New components of tetrocarcins(E1, E2, F and F-1)were found in the culture broth of Micromonospora chalcea KY 11091 that was known to produce tetrocarcins A, B and C Tetrocarcin F-1 consisted of tetronolide and nitro sugar(tetronitrose). Tetrocarcins EI and E2 consisted of F-1 and deoxy sugar(L-digitoxose). Tetrocarcin F consisted of F-l and two deoxy sugars(their structures were not yet determined). They all showed antibacterial activities against Gram-positive bacteria and the specinc activity decreased with decrease in the llumbers of deoxy sugars attached to the aglycone.


Electromagnetic (EM) Field survey is a new adventure. EM Field sources are high-voltage transformers, distribution transformer (DT) stations, and overhead or underground power lines. The EMFs from nearby DT stations are easy to measure and identify. Consumers are typically exposed to varying EM Field levels when their offices and work areas are next to, over DT stations, secondary feeders, switchgears and electrical rooms. The process of spot measurement survey is rather straight forward, measure and record the EM Field levels, note significant levels, identify sources and recommend solutions. Distribution transformer (DT) stations are classified to separated room, enclosure panel, traditional room and kiosk. Magnetic field meters are used to provide easy and accurate measurement of magnetic field in different sites and locations. To quantify the problem and obtain realtime data, Alexandria Electricity Distribution Company (AEDC) has collected a preliminary survey and detailed measurements that will be included in an appropriate mitigation plan. In Alexandria grid, there are about 5700 DTs. The spot EM Fields surveys are measured the fields in and around the outside location for more than 200DTs. The objective of this paper is to present a general overview of EM Field survey in and around the MV-LV electrical installations. The paper presents: 1Results of EM Field levels and location of any expected problem. 2EMFs indices: CP05, CP95, compling with standards. 3Case studies for different model. 4Appropriate mitigation options, such as: prudent avoidance, rewiring and magnetic shielding A plan that will comprehensively cover a wide range of environments and circumstances.


In this chapter, the necessity of having developmental learning embedded in a swarm intelligence algorithm is confirmed by briefly considering brain evolution, brain development, brainstorming process, etc. Several swarm intelligence algorithms are looked at from a developmental learning perspective. A framework of a developmental swarm intelligence algorithm, which contains capacity developing stage and capability learning stage, is further given to help understand developmental swarm intelligence (DSI) algorithms, and to guide to design and/or implement any new developmental swarm intelligence algorithm and/or any developmental evolutionary algorithm. Following DSI, innovation is discussed and an innovation-inspired optimization (IO) algorithm is designed and developed. Finally, by combing the DSI and IO algorithm together, a unified swarm intelligence algorithm is proposed, which contains capacity developing stage and capability learning stage and with three search operators in its capability learning stage to mimic the three levels of innovations.


Escherichia coli strains isolated from cases of puerperal and postabortal sepsis and from non-pathological material were tested for 4 properties: haemagglutination, phosphatase prod


Opinions of educators and technical staff from two residential care institutions on the differences between residential care and family care in meeting the needs of children and adolescents were ana lyzed. In order to do that, individual, semi-structured interviews were carried on, in which they were asked to reflect upon their educational practice. A sample of 15 professionals, each one with at least one year of working experience in this type of care, was selected. Using fully-transcribed interview protocols and with the help of QDA Miner 1.2. Software, a content analysis and a process of inter view's categorization were developed. We conclude by stressing the differences attributed by pro fessionals to these two contexts, in particular in relation to the satisfaction of the need for affection.


We propose two new or modified recombination operators for the family of vehicle routing problems, i.e. the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRPTW), Pickup and Delivery Problem (PDPTW), and Team Orienteering Problem (TOPTW), with Time Windows. Starting with fitness landscape analysis we propose a new Order-based recombination operator, we extend the Selective Route Exchange Crossover (SREX) recombination operator, and we adapt the state-of-the-art Edge Assembly Crossover (EAX) operator to PDPTW and TOPTW. The proposed recombination operators are competitive to EAX and the best results may be achieved by combining different operators. Furthermore, a memetic algorithm using the proposed operators is capable of providing results competitive to state-of-the-art dedicated methods.


Fisheries activities in Tegal City are concentrated in the Tegalsari Coastal Fishing Port (CFP) where the majority of the businesses are small fishers. Small fishers or artisanal fishers generally live below the poverty line. Based on data from the Department of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of Tegal City in 2014, almost 12,589 people worked as fishers, consisting of 630 people as ship owners and 11,959 as fishers workers or crew members. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that affect the income of small fishers in Tegal City. Data used in this study were primarily collected from fishers using questionnaires and some other were collected from statistic report of the fishing port as well as relevant literature studies. As many as 140 respondents were chosen purposively. The regression model was used to analyze the effect of the independent variables, namely age, education, number of dependents, and total expenditure on the total income. The results showed that 2 out of 4 independent variables (number of dependents and total expenditure) significantly influenced the income level of small fishers in Tegal City


【Propofol(2,6-diisopropyl phenol) is a phenol derivative that is chemically distinct from other intravenous sedative hypnotics. It has been extensively used as a short term anesthetic agent, because of the rapid onset and short duration of action. Propofol microemulsion system was prepared with different concentrations of ethyl oleate, $Solutol^{(R)}$ HS 15 and $Kollidon^{(R)}$ 17 PF. Propofol microemulsions were studied by transmittance, viscosity, particle size, in vitro release and pharmacokinetics. The range of transmittance of A group with 4% ethyl oleate and that of B group with 5% ethyl oleate were 92.6~95.1 and 91.3~94.2%, respectively. Transmittance 1~2% decreased as concentration of $Kollidon^{(R)}$ 17 PF was increased and increased 0.8~3.3% when 10 times diluted with normal saline. The viscosity of A and B group were in the range of 3.9~4.1 mPaㆍsec and 4.4~5.3 mPaㆍsec, respectively. The particle sizes of A and B group increased as amount of $Kollidon^{(R)}$ 17 PF. Also, release of propofol was slowly increased as the amount of $Kollidon^{(R)}$ 17 PF was increased. Propofol plasma concentration by i.v injection showed 2-compartment model. Pharmacokinetics of A-5 was similar to that of commercial emuision(POFOL).】


A highly selective bandpass filter based on SIR (Stepped Impedance Resonator) grooves and DGS (Defected Ground Structure) is designed. The filter is composed of a microstripslot-microstrip multilayer structure. The top and bottom microstrip structures of the circuit realize interlayer coupling through the middle layer SIR-shaped groove and spiral DGS, and the coupling efficiency is high. The working frequency of the filter is 5.266.40GHz, the center frequency is 5.83GHz, and the fractional bandwidth is 19.6%; the filter insertion loss S21 is better than -1.5dB, the return loss S11 is better than -14.5dB, and the lower stopband is 4.3GHz and There is a transmission zero at the upper stopband at 7.2GHz, the stopband cut-off edge is relatively steep, and it has good in-band performance and frequency selectivity.


The title complex, [Ni(C15H10BrClN2O2)(C5H5N)], displays a square-planar coordination geometry around the NiII ion, formed by the tridentate hydrazone and monodentate pyridine ligands, with the N atoms in a trans arrangement about the Ni center.


We extend the literature on the effects of managerial entrenchment on capital structure to consider how safety-net subsidies and financial distress costs interact with managerial incentives to influence capital structure in U.S. commercial banking. Using cross-sectional data on publicly traded, highest-level U.S. bank holding companies, we find empirical evidence of Marcus' proposition (1984) that there are dichotomous strategies for value maximization—one involving relatively higher financial leverage and the other, lower financial leverage. As Marcus notes, midrange policies sacrifice value. We show that a less levered capital structure is associated with a higher charter value— better growth opportunities and market power—and vice versa. Moreover, we provide evidence that differences in charter value result in dichotomous strategies for managerial entrenchment: under-performing, less levered firms hold too little capital while under-performing, more levered firms hold too much. To explain this additional result, we develop a theoretical model that considers the effect of better market opportunities on incentive-conflicted managers' consumption of perquisites and on their use of defensive capital strategies to protect their job tenure and perquisites.


In establishing the foundation for their investment process, investors typically set up the investment framework first by dividing their investment universes into different buckets along the combinations of multiple sensible dimensions such as geography and industry. Because the framework is applied to the entire investment process including alpha generation, portfolio construction, and risk management, it is fundamentally important for investment outcomes. Contrary to the current ad hoc approaches, the author proposes a methodology guided by economic intuitions to select the optimal framework among the feasible ones, using global equities as the example. The author finds that the region sector framework is generally the optimal one among the possible combinations of the geography and industry dimensions for both developed and emerging markets. These results are important to both stock selection and asset allocation investing and to the academic research that often uses the country framework. The methodology can be easily adapted to other investment universes beyond global equities.


I would like to thank you for providing me with a travel grant to attend ICCAD-89. I presented a paper entitled "A Powerful Global Router: Based on Steiner Min-Max Trees" • oint work with C. Chiang and C.K. Wont). We proposed a novel formulation of the teiner tree problem, called Steiner min-max trees. This is the first class of efficiently solvable Steiner tree problem, in general graphs. An effective global router, based on Stelner min-max trees, were proposed. I enjoyed the conference. It was a unique opportunity to discuss both theoretical and practical aspects of VLSI layout. Researchers and designers are trying to integrate their expertise in mathematical analysis and implementation to attack complex problems.


– The EU is subscribing to the international trend of local governments becoming more involved in climate change policy-making and higher levels of government encouraging this trend. With the Covenant of Mayors, the EU has already been successful in voluntarily committing city authorities to reduce their CO2 emissions by at least 20% by 2020. The ambition of the Smart Cities Initiative is to speed up the transition towards local sustainable energy systems


A rapid analytical method for the determination of ochratoxin A (OCTA), without using chloroform or an immunoaffinity column, in coffee beans and cereals such as rice, wheat, barley and corn was developed. OCTA was extracted from spiked food samples with acetonitrile-1% H3PO4 (99:1) and cleaned up using cartridge anion exchange column (Bond Elut DEA) chromatography. The test solution was chromatographed on a Capcell Pak C8 column with acetonitrile-water-acetic acid (40:58:2). OCTA was detected using a fluorescence detector (excitation: 335nm; emission: 465nm). Recoveries from samples spiked with 10ng/g OCTA and 50ng/g in coffee beans, unpolished rice, wheat, barley and corn averaged 93.9±3.9% and 96.1±3.5%, respectively. The detection limits corresponded to 0.05ng/g in green coffee beans, roasted coffee beans, unpolished rice, wheat, barley and corn.


Interferon products,with the broad-spectrum antiviral and immunomodulatory activity,have broad application prospects in the field of medicine and clinical veterinary medicine.In the actual practice,liquid dosage form of interferon preparations has the problems of poor thermal stability,difficult long-term preservation,long-distance transportation,et al.However,the shelf life and stability of the lyophilized interferon preparations could be increased.In this paper,the principle of freeze-drying technology,screening of lyoprotectant and freeze-dried process for interferon products are reviewed.


Very old prehistoric cemeteries associated with habitation sites are located along the Green River in Kentucky. Late-Archaic archaeology, skeletal biology, and paleodemographies have been described for Indian Knoll (15Oh2) and Carlston-Annis (15Bt5), which reveal young age distributions, high dependency ratios, and low life expectancies. More than 16,000 ft 2 , representing 16% of the Ward site (15McL11), were carefully excavated in 1938. Evidence of year-round habitation, elaborate grave goods associated with infant burials, good levels of preservation, careful supervision of the recovery of all burials, and our reassessment of the burial inventory all argue for a cemetery fully representative of a once living population. Subadults were aged using conventional dentition standards. The adult portion of the cemetery was aged with only one indicator the auricular surface of the ilium. Field study accounts of fertility performances in modern primitive populations were used to complete the paleodemographic reconstruction of this presumably sedentary fisher-hunter-gatherer population.