PURPOSE: A device and a method for supporting peer to peer communication in a broadband wireless communication system are provided to enable a base station to assign only a resource zone for P2P communication and enable P2P mode terminals to competitively have communication through an advantageous channel, thereby minimizing overhead due to allocation of resources. CONSTITUTION: A receiving terminal determines setup of P2P(Peer to Peer) connection(303). The receiving terminal exchanges signaling with a base station(305). When the P2P connection is set, the receiving terminal measures RSSI(Received Signal Strength Indication) sum through a broadcast section of each channel in a P2P section. The receiving terminal selects a channel of the smallest interference sum(311). The receiving terminal transmits channel information to the base station(313). The receiving terminal has P2P communication with a transmitting terminal(315).


Nonlinear excitation of periodic shock waves in high-amplitude standing waves was studied from measurements of the acoustic intensity. A gas column of atmospheric air in a cylindrical resonator was driven sinusoidally by an oscillating piston at the fundamental resonance frequency. Acoustic pressure and axial acoustic particle velocity were simultaneously measured and decomposed into the Fourier components, from which the intensity associated with each of the oscillating modes in the resonator was determined. This letter reports the energy cascade from the driven mode to the second harmonic in the periodic shock waves in the resonator.


Several different techniques and softwares intend to improve the accuracy of results computed in a fixed finite precision. Here we focus on a method to improve the accuracy of polynomial evaluation via Horner's scheme. Such an algorithm exists for polynomials with real floating point coefficients. In this paper, we provide a new algorithm which deals with polynomials with complex floating point coefficients. We show that the computed result is as accurate as if computed in twice the working precision. The algorithm is simple since it only requires addition, subtraction and multiplication of floating point numbers in the same working precision as the given data. Such an algorithm can be useful for example to compute zeros of polynomial by Newton-like methods.


Expression of apelin mRNA in the isolated mouse adipocytes was confirmed by Northern blot. The level of apelin mRNA increased during stage of differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. Insulin up-regulated the apelin expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, suggesting that apelin expression in adipocyte may correlate with obesity, insulin resistance and hypertension.


A thermal reversible crosslinking agent cyclopentadienyl sodium(CPDNa) was prepared and then reacted with chlorinated polyethylene(CPE),thus a thermal reversible crosslinking CPE rubber was prepared.The influence of quantity of CPDNa on the replacement ratio of chlorine atoms,the crosslinking degree of CPE rubber and the gelling time of crosslinking reaction was studied respective-ly.The structure and thermal performance of the product were characterized by FTIR and DSC.


Remote sensing-based techniques can be used as a complementary tool for crop area estimating. However, the right balance between the extent of a crop in some region and the remote sensing data characteristics, such as spatial resolution, must be observed. In this paper it is presented the application of a method for crop area estimation based on data sampling considering the discrete and regular distribution of pixels in remote sensing images. Results show that it is possible to have differences around 4% between the simulated area of 110 soybean and 12 corn fields and the estimated area using the proposed method. Sample size impact on data variability is discussed as well as the confidence intervals for population estimation based on a sample and on a hypergeometric distribution.


This paper discusses Hawthorne's attitudes toward his ancestor's religious belief depicted in his work "Young Goodman Brown". The analysis is conducted by using sociological approach as this approach concentrates on the social context of writing or on die literary text and its social meaning. It also explores the relationship between the artist and society as this approach believes that the writers are part of the world they describe. Thus, the biographical sketch of the author is also presented to support the analysis. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that "Young Goodman Brown" reveals Hawthome's skepticism toward Puritanism, his ancestors' religious belief. The main character's inner conflict dealing with his religious belief portrays the writer's question on the worth of the very strict doctrine that his ancestors possessed. Expressing his anti-Puritan view, he creates the setting of the story which reminds his audience of the outrageous trials conducted by Puritans in 1692 known as Salem Witch Trials. He also borrows the characters' names from the victims of those trials. The downfall of his tragic hero caused by his distrustful feeling toward his own religion also indicates Hawthome's skepticism to Puritanism. Â


ABSTRACT
 We tested the hypothesis that predation by coyotes (Canis latrans) impacts pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) populations. We did so by examining the effects of coyote removal on pronghorn and mule deer populations within 12 large areas (>10,500 km2) located in Wyoming and Utah during 2007 and 2008. Pronghorn productivity (fawn to adult female ratio) and abundance were positively correlated with the number of coyotes removed and removal effort (hours spent hunting coyotes from aircraft) although the correlation between pronghorn productivity and removal effort was not statistically significant (P = 0.08). Mule deer productivity and abundance were not correlated with either the number of coyotes removed or removal effort. Coyote removal conducted during the winter and spring provided greater benefit than removals conducted during the prior fall or summer. Our results suggest that coyote removal conducted over large areas increases fawn survival and abundance of pronghorn but not mule deer.


In daily life we need many things to be searched over the internet, for search purpose there are many search engines are available. Whenever we search something we try to get the most relevant results. Recommender systems, generally uses COLLABORATIVE FILTERING ALGORITHM to fetch the results. This paper will discuss, how we can actually use different algorithms and developed such a powerful tool, as can provide more useful search results for the users. A technique will be using many things like users and their data, their queries, to find relevance between two users on the basis of their queries, as we can say if two users are searching for the same thing they may be interested in same field. by having this information we can suggest some more related items to other users. Discussion will be related to different algorithms like Check URL Algorithm, Subspace Clustering Algorithm.


Highly dendritic snowflakes are an aesthetic source of wonder, but the greater challenge for physicists lies in understanding the "simpler" prismatic and planar forms.


A summary description of the Joint CEC/USNRC uncertainty analysis of accident consequence models for nuclear power plants is given. The problem of post processing is introduced as the problem of projecting a joint distribution over observable variables onto the parameter space of a mathematical model. A conditional sampling algorithm is presented which works in simple cases. For more complex cases, two approaches are described and results are compared


The article attempts to single out key ideas that preceded the modern vision of sovereignty and to analyze their development in the context of state-legal development on Ukrainian lands. In particular, attention is drawn to such of them as the idea of "own production", independence and self-sufficiency (J. Boden), the idea of social solidarity and the rule of law (L. Dyugy), the idea of a sovereign people in the state (St. Dnistryanskyi).

In particular, their formalization in the privileges of the Union of Lublin is analyzed, according to which Kyiv, Volyn and Bratslav Voivodeships received: guarantees of inviolability of borders, the right to sue under the II Lithuanian Statute, the right to use the Russian (Old Ukrainian) language as the sole language of court and administration, etc. It is claimed that the existence of these rights ensured the further creation of the Russian identity of the inhabitants of Ukrainian territories already within the Commonwealth of Nations and the creation of the territorial and legal model of the Russian (Ukrainian) people. Attention is drawn to the Union of Brest in 1596 as an attempt to implement the idea of social solidarity, the Treaty of Zborivsk in 1649, which recorded the appearance of the Zaporizhzhya Army as a Cossack state, legalized its self-government and, in a certain way, legitimized it on the international arena and the Hadiac Agreement of 1658.

It is concluded that it is they who determine the modus operandi of sovereignty or pré-souveraineté and that there is an invariably high index of the "sovereignty instinct" of the Ukrainian society, which confirms its implementation of the main ideas on which the modern idea of sovereignty is based.

Key words: sovereignty, ideas of sovereignty, Ukrainian statehood, state-legal process.


Planning and scheduling activities within the rail industry have benefited from developments in computer-based simulation and modelling techniques over the last 25 years. Increasingly, the use of computational intelligence in such tasks is featuring more heavily in research publications. This paper examines a number of common rail-based planning and scheduling activities and how they benefit from five broad technology approaches. Summary tables of papers are provided relating to rail planning and scheduling activities and to the use of expert and decision systems in the rail industry.


The usual representation of the mode shape along the transmission path in acoustic surface wave resonators is determined by cascadingatransm ission matrix over a large number of reflectors. This representation is extremely cumbersome to use in perturbation integrals that arise in the calculation of the change in resonant frequency due to biasing states. Consequently, a continuous representation of the mode shape along the transmission path is obtained from the solution of the linear difference system of transmission equations for the periodic array. Although the procedure was developed for convenience in evaluating perturbation integrals for surface wave resonators subject to biases, it applies to any cascaded transmission matrix with be useful in the design of large reflecting arrays for small impedance discontinuity. Consequently, it may surface wave resonators.


Production in industrial agriculture is under threat in the near future due to air pollution, excessive consumption, and climate change. Commercial production of traditional products is significant for the continuity of product diversity. Edible wild plants are usually collected from the wild and consumed for local needs. However, there are not enough initiatives for the cultivation of these plants. Turkey, which is very rich in point of biological diversity, is among the lucky countries in this regard. An important part of approximately 12000 plants in its flora is consumed as a food source by traditional methods. In this study, a list of 76 plants belonging to 34 families that are widely consumed for food purposes in Turkey is given.


Presents formulae to estimate the pressure developed in a converging ice field and to calculate the resulting frictional resistance to a ship attempting to navigate through such ice. The icebreaker-tanker Manhattan is used as an example. It is shown that the power necessary to navigate in ice which is failing in compression would be prohibitive.


Fiber reinforced plastics are gaining importance for their weight saving potential due to the influence of socio-political topics such as energy efficiency and conservation of resources. Long fibers and short fibers are increasingly used for structural components. The high requirements on the performance in automotive, aerospace and also the sports and leisure sector demand a full exploitation of these materials' potential. For optimization a precise understanding of the processing effects is inevitable. In this work two different testing parts were produced in a single-stage direct processing on an injection molding compounder and tested for their respective resulting fiber properties. Hardly any significant influence of the process parameters on the mechanical properties was found. However, increasing fiber length at the end of the cavity could be observed as well as an influence of increasing fiber concentration on a significantly lowered fiber length. The latter can be assigned to higher fiber-fiber i...


Abstract: Among the various metal oxide additives tested, the complex of CuO is outstanding in promoting the sensing properties of an SnO 2 sensor for H 2 S in air. The SnO 2 sensors loaded with 5 wt.% CuO is extremely sensitive to H 2 S at 200 o C and below, while it is almost insensitive to many other gases. The response to H 2 S is rather slow but the recovery is very rapid. The added CuO particles interact electronically with the surface of SnO 2 (p-n junctions) to make the sensor highly resistive, while the interaction is disconnected when CuO is sulfurized to CuS in the H 2 S containing atmosphere, leading to a drastic decrease in electrical resistance. The H 2 S sensing properties, particularly the rate of response, of CuO/SnO 2 sensors are influenced by the CuO loadings and operating temperature as well as the thickness of CuO loading film. Keywords: Tin oxide, copper oxide, sensing properties, H 2 S Introduction The detection of H 2 S, a bad-smelling and toxic gas, is very important in environmental monitoring. Therefore, much attention has been paid to the search for H


The term of C3 nephropathy was formally published in 2013, which was separated into C3 glomerulonephritis (C3GN) and dense deposit disease (DDD). C3 nephropathy was defined with special histological changes and special pathophysiological mechanism. C3 GN in renal allograft was reported in recent years. The diagnosis of C3 nephropathy in renal allograft was the same as in native kidneys. The phathophysiological mechanism of C3 nephropathy was related to the abnormal alternative complement pathway. C3GN recurs in 66.7% of patients, and DDD recurs in over 80% of patients. There was no effective therapy for C3 nephropathy. There was sporadic report that eculizumab was effective for C3 nephropathy, which should be further confirmed in the future.

Key words:
Kidney transplantation; Nephrosis; Complement C3


Device for producing a microfluidic channel structure in a chamber (6), which forms a cavity for receiving a fluid between two plates, - the chamber (6) at least one inlet for supplying the fluid into the chamber (6) and at least one outlet (102) for dispensing the fluid from the chamber (6), - at least one of the two plates with a cooling element for displacement of the fluid in the chamber (6) is provided in a solid state, and - at least one of the two plates has a plurality of heating elements which are distributed in such a way over the plate, that by heating a portion of the heating elements and the thus caused liquefaction of areas around the heating elements, a channel structure by at least one inlet through the chamber (6) for at least one outlet (102) is formed for guiding a fluid flow.


The recent reported charmed‐strange resonance at 2.32 GeV/c suggests a possible multiquark state. Three types of multiquark bound states are reviewed. A previous model‐independent variational approach considers a tetraquark with two heavy antiquarks and two light quarks as a heavy antidiquark with the color field of a quark bound to the two light quarks with a wave function like that of a heavy baryon. Results indicate that a charmed‐strange tetraquark csud or a bottom‐strange tetraquark bsud with this "baryionium‐type" wave function is not bound, in contrast to "molecular‐type" D − K and B − K wave functions. However, a charmed‐bottom tetraquark cbud might be bound with a very narrow weak decay mode. A "molecular‐type" D − B state can have an interesting Bcπ decay with a high energy pion,


Wire sizing can be used to reduce the delays of critical nets. However, because of the forbidden pitch issue in sub-20nm designs, wide wires may no longer be an attractive solution because of the restrictive wire spacing requirement from advanced lithography. In this work, we investigate the suitability of the parallel wiring technique, in which multiple parallel wires are used to route the same net, as an alternative to routing a net using a single wide wire. In particular, we study the trade offs between parasitics, timing, power, and routing resources. Our study reveals that wire sizing using both parallel wires and wide wires can be advantageous. Moreover, if high layout densities are required, parallel wiring can be a viable approach in solving timing problems for sub-20nm designs.


Vestibule organ's anatomy and function is introduced in the article; the reason of Sea~induced sickness is ocean wave irritate otolithic organ system. By physiological analyze, freehand exercise for anti-sea-sickness is surely proved it can irritate and train otolithic organ system, so the body can adapt the stimulate to the surf gradually.


To explore factors influencing fever management practices and antipyretic use among New Zealand Emergency Department (ED) doctors and nurses using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF).


This research aims to describe and interpret what the student of physical education whose area of study is teaching feels, thinks, says and does in his/her initial training. Different instruments were used to collect information: participant observation, panel groups, individual interviews, in-depth interviews and the student's autobiographies. I propose at the end of the paper that we continue investigating in this area the possibility of  living the complexity, uncertainty and tension of real life in educational settings and in this way broaden the reflection of initial training.


We show that a modiication of the combined Phase I-Phase II interior-point algorithm for linear programming, due to Anstreicher, de Ghellinck and Vial, Fra-ley, and Todd, terminates in O(p nL) iterations from a suitable initial (interior but infeasible) solution. The algorithm either detects infeasibility, or approaches feasibility and optimality simultaneously, or generates a feasible primal-dual pair whose initial potential value is properly bounded, so that any O(p nL)-iteration algorithm can complete the rest of the work.


An automatic back-flushing sewage discharging device of effluent filter relates to a back-flushing sewage discharging device for solving the problem that prior device can not effectively separate and discharge the sewage on the filtering material. One end of a suction pipe is connected with a water pot, and the other end is connected with a water pump; the outlet pipe of the water pump and a gas pipe on a gas compressor are connected with a gas-liquid mixing device; one end of a back-flushing inlet pipe is connected with the gas-liquid mixing device, and the other end is connected with the water-distribution gas-distribution pipe which is communicated with the bottom of a filter pot by an intake valve; the top of the filter pot is a conical end, the inside of the conical end is provided with a dirt-collecting bowl, and the large opening edge of the dirt-collecting bowl is fixed and closedly connected with the inner wall of the conical end to form a circular dirt-collecting bowl; one end of the back-flushing outlet pipe is communicated with the bottom of the circular dirt-collecting bowl, and the other end is connected with a sewage retracting pool by a discharge valve.


A 50-mJ three-channel parallel optical waveform synthesizer is demonstrated for generating supercontinuum high-order harmonics in the soft X-ray region. With the full active stabilization of delay jitters, relative phase jitters, and CEPs in the synthesizer, a stable intense continuum harmonic spectrum is obtained around 65 eV with a bandwidth up to 25 eV.


Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common chronic inflammatory rheumatism. The increasing use of bone and joint ultrasound as a tool to aid in the detection of unrefined synovitis in developed countries, has led us to study the performance of ultrasound in the diagnosis of RA in subjects consulting in rheumatology at Cotonou. Study Method: Descriptive cross-sectional study of patients with RA, selected on the basis of ACR/ EULAR 2010 criteria. A complete clinical examination with imaging including X-rays and ultrasounds of the hands and feet were performed in all patients who have given their consent. The data collected was analyzed using EPI data 3.1 and SPSS 24.0 software. The significance rate was defined with a p-value -0.116), MCP (k = -0.097) and MTP (k = -0.031). Agreement was very low at the PPI level (k = 0.03). It was low at the different sites, between ultrasound and radiographic detection of lesions (k between 0.022 - 0.22). Age, positive immunologic RA factor and biological inflammatory syndrome were associated with ultrasound erosions (p = 0.0001) and only age was associated with active synovitis (p = 0.022). Conclusion: Bone and articular ultrasound is a good complementary alternative to clinical examination and radiography diagnostic in early diagnosis of RA in our developing countries, in the absence of MRI which remains a luxury.


Project management is used as the main tool for administering aid in developing nations. Unfortunately, the success rate of development aid projects is relatively low. Several explanations have been given for these failures. Clarke (1999) emphasizes the necessity of using instruments and techniques to increase a project's chance of success. As current techniques do not always meet the specific needs of development aid projects, particularly in the African context, we identify some important factors that should be taken into account to assess the likelihood of success of these projects before they are implemented.


Once the disciplinary process has completed internal, it goes to the administrative jurisdiction, where the debate about extending the protection of the fundamental rights, whatever the disciplinary process itself has failed in that protection, is say what you will be advised within the control of the jurisdiction is whether the processed form to the disciplinary activity is framed against constitutional values such as due process, the right to defense, competition official and unique way, if the decree and practice tests are made strictly on the rules outlined in the Constitution and the law, so do not enter a decision on the merits, and, the establishment of the existence of conduct in breach of rules punitive, but the procedure developed in itself.

Despite this we see that this is not a rule, and that all decisions are taken in the disciplinary proceedings open to regulation and sometimes that power exceeds the orbit of disciplinary autonomy, also, there are exceptions to that control as decisions are taken by the Disciplinary jurisdictional Meeting of the High Council of the Judiciary and judicial Sectional Councils, which have no legal provision for judicial review


Glucose–fructose isomerization mediated by Sn-BEA is investigated using an extended QM/MM model containing 208 tetrahedral atoms. The isomerization mechanism consists of a sequence of ring-opening, isomerization, and ring-closing processes, consistent with the previously reported experimental observations. In agreement with the experimentally observed kinetic isotope effect, the rate-determining step is found to involve a hydride shift from the C2 carbon to the C1 carbon. The apparent activation energy for the rate-limiting step is 22.3 kcal/mol at 343 K. The difference in the reaction barriers for the partially hydrolyzed and the fully coordinated Sn sites was investigated using energy decomposition analysis. It is found that the higher activity of the partially hydrolyzed site comes from the extra flexibility provided by the defect in the lattice. The effect of substituting Sn in the active site by Ti, Zr, V, Nb, Si, and Ge was examined, and it was found that Sn and Zr are metals that result in the lowe...


To safely and efficiently extract an object from the clutter, this paper presents a bimanual manipulation planner in which one hand of the robot is used to slide the target object out of the clutter while the other hand is used to support the surrounding objects to prevent the clutter from collapsing. Our method uses a neural network to predict the physical phenomena of the clutter when the target object is moved. We generate the most efficient action based on the Monte Carlo tree search.The grasping and sliding actions are planned to minimize the number of motion sequences to pick the target object. In addition, the object to be supported is determined to minimize the position change of surrounding objects. Experiments with a real bimanual robot confirmed that the robot could retrieve the target object, reducing the total number of motion sequences and improving safety.


This paper describes how programs of higher education and research in transport require the pattern and character of the present transport demand, as well as the demand that is likely to develop over a period of time. Their relation to the perspective of demand should be emphasized, as the benefits of education and research, except in a few cases, and can be felt only after a few years. Transport demand is a function of the economic and social development spectrum of a particular country or situation. The variations in this spectrum, especially among developing countries, are wide and distinctly different from one country to another. Besides these variations, the rapidly changing development situation in these counties introduces new and complex factors in dealing with them.


SUMMARY Objective: The objective of this project was to evaluate the consciousness of people about oral health and determine the necessity of mobile dental services in Cukurova Region. Material and Method: Villages which are not more than 20 km away from Adana city center were selected. The headmen of four villages (Alihocali, Cotlu, Kilicli, Şihmurat) with the highest population were called. The houses to be surveyed were randomly selected. Surveys were conducted on a total of 411 people, 204 women and 207 men, by five intern students studying at Cukurova University, Faculty of Dentistry. Results: Health insurance of 37% (152 people) of surveyed people were from the Social Insurance Institution, 22.9% (94 people) were from self- employed institution, 3.2% (13 people) were from pension-fund, 14.6% (60 people) were green card holders, 22.4% (92 persons) didn't have health insurance. Out of 411 people 22 were only literate, 278 and 49 people graduated from primary and secondary school, respectively. 14 people studied higher education and 48 people were unable to read or write. Forty two (171 people) of the participants were housewives, 18% (74 persons) were farmers and 3.2% (13 people) were unemployed. None of the surveyed villages had dentist. Oral health services they can get were far from villages. The income of the surveyed people was not high enough to finance dental services. People who were surveyed were unconscious about the importance of oral health and 63.7% (262 people) of the surveyed people didn't establish teeth brushing habit. Conclusion: People who were included in the survey had serious problems about taking oral health services. Transportation and financial conditions of the citizens were main problems. An active permanent solution and a mobile oral health project which gives people opportunity to receive dental treatment can solve the main problem.


This paper uses a novel approach to measure firm entry and exit, mergers and acquisition. It uses information about the flows of clusters of workers across business units to identify longitudinal linkage relationships in longitudinal business data. These longitudinal relationships may be the result of either administrative or economic changes and we explore both types of newly identified longitudinal relationships. In particular, we develop a set of criteria based on worker flows to identify changes in firm relationships ? such as mergers and acquisitions, administrative identifier changes and outsourcing. We demonstrate how this new data infrastructure and this cluster flow methodology can be used to better differentiate true firm entry/exit and simple changes in administrative identifiers. We explore the role of outsourcing in a variety of ways but in particular the outsourcing of workers to the temporary help industry. While the primary focus is on developing the data infrastructure and the methodology to identify and interpret these clustered flows of workers, we conclude the paper with an analysis of the impact of these changes on the earnings of workers.


This article presents the way in which both torture and the disappearance of individuals were staged in Chilean theatre from 1985 to 2011. The diachronic approach of this study is set to determine the ways in which the state's official reports on humans rights violations during dictatorship – the Rettig Report (1991) and the Valech Report (2004, 2011) – made an impact on theatrical production in terms of its political function. The study also analyses deployed theatrical devices to address extreme political violence onstage.


In this talk, I will present our recent work to utilize NVDIMM (Non-Volatile Dual Inline Memory Module) to bridge the I/O performance gap for big data workloads. Specially, we develop a scheduling scheme in memory controller to minimize the interference between the native and the I/O-derived memory traffic by exploiting both data access criticality and resource utilization. Several mechanisms are designed to better orchestrate traffic between the memory controller and NAND flash to alleviate the speed discrepancy issue. We also propose a proactive GC scheme for the NVDIMM controller and flash controller to intelligently synchronize and transfer data involving in forthcoming GC operations. Our experimental results show that overall the proposed techniques yield 10%∼35% performance improvements over the state-of-the-art baseline schemes.


To evaluate plasma kisspeptin‐10 (KP‐10) as a marker for preeclampsia and assess its relation to altered reproductive hormones in preeclamptic pregnant women.


In the last four years nearly one dozen groups have formed with the stated purpose of developing space ight systems as open source hardware. A review of the open source software movement reveals insights into what it means to develop open source hardware, and a review of the history of nineteenth century aviation connects modern open source spaceight organizations to historical precedent. Finally, a review of the current open source spaceight hardware organizations reveals a set of common challenges and opportunities.


In the paper, a simple recurrence formula to obtain the Green's function for multilayered anisotropic structures, with rectangular boundary conditions involving electric and magnetic walls and open boundaries, allows us to present an unified variational approach in the spectral domain to find both upper and lower bounds on the mode capacitances of a large class of planar transmission structures. Very accurate results are obtained by using appropriate trial functions to approximate the surface charge density on the strips and the interface potential distribution for several significant MIC configurations.


MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous short nucleotide non-coding RNAs which widely exist in eukaryotic organisms, involved in the body's life process, including cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy.MiR-204-5p is located on chromosome TRPM3 in the 9q21.12 large intron 6 expression, and miR-204 plays an important role in corneal wound healing process; and it regulates retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tight junction integrity and maintains the blood retina barrier in a quiescent state; in human trabecular meshwork cells, miR-204 appears to play an important role in the regulation of responses to endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, and production of inflammatory mediators.Identification of additional target genes will be necessary to fully understand the biological functions of miR-204.These studies found that it is a multidimensional expression in the eye, suggesting that miR-204 is likely to be the key miRNA in different eye diseases.This article reviews the biosynthesis of miRNA, the relationship between miR-204 and diabetic keratopathy, RPE cells, human trabecular meshwork cells, age-related cataract, diabetic retinopathy, retinoblastoma and autophagy, and explore the prevention of ocular refractory diseases with new targets.

Key words:
Ophthalmic diseases; MicroRNA; Autophagy


Now of three things one must be true. Either all nations are wholly and exclusively formed by defence, their national unity (and national type) rising out of a defensive attitude; or they are generally formed by something different from a defensive attitude, Germany constituting an exception; or they are formed by defensive attitude plus something else to be investigated. If nations are wholly and exclusively formed by defence, and the more perfectly formed, the more really nations, the more they are formed by defence, Germany is, being so completely formed by defence, one of the greatest nations that the world has ever seen, and, further, a typical nation, which, for our case, is more important point. The greatness may be discussed and all things defended concerning it; the typicality does not exist. For, if Germany were a typical nation, it would, above all things, be a typical nation of the period in which it exists. Now, if anything be true, it is true that Germany is a perfect contrast to the European nations of to-day. So that all nations are not, exclusively formed by defence. But they may be the more perfect the more they are formed on defence.


This text seeks to highlights scenarios for aging and death in contemporary societies, based on analyses and interpretations from Social Psychology. In a time when processes and choices of the elderly are uncovered in the face of rapidly changing institutions and patterns of social interaction, the article addresses social and cultural aspects related to the itineraries of aging and dying to unveil the common and differentiated values and social practices affecting old age and death in contemporary societies in order to suggest how those values influence the aging experience. The conclusion is that aging and death are processes not restricted to a biological dimension, but involving socio- cultural dimensions conditioning the subjects' experience. Social psychology explains such dimensions from representations and narratives about life, aging and death, which guide our social practices.


Sirs, Juvenile SLE (jSLE) patients are susceptible to infections due to their defective immune system and the immunosuppressive treatment they receive (1). However we lack data regarding response to certain vaccine preventable diseases. Hepatitis A is an indolent disease with a varying clinical spectrum and consequences and also a vaccine avoidable disease with intermediate endimicity in Mediterranean countries (2). In this study we aimed to define the immune status against Hepatitis A virus (HAV) in previously vaccinated jSLE patients, prior to commencement of treatment and at one and three years, and compare this to healthy controls. This was a prospective controlled study including 21 newly diagnosed jSLE patients and 76 healthy controls. The control group consisted of healthy children matched for ethnic origin, age and gender to the jSLE group, attending the Paediatric Outpatients Department for routine checks; the same exclusion criteria applied. All participants had two doses of the inactivated Hepatitis A vaccine in early childhood. Exclusion criteria were underlying immunodeficiency, recent blood transfusion (<6 months) and previous treatment with immunomodulating agents. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data as well as data regarding immunisation status, vaccine history and mean time between the doses of the vaccine were collected. Seroprotection rates and anti-HAV-IgG titres were measured at enrolment and at timely intervals afterwards (0, 12, 36 months). Total IgG levels were measured simultaneously. HAVIgG antibodies were assessed by ELISA. The cut-off value for seroprotection was deemed at 20IU/ml (3). The Hospital's Research and Ethics' Committee approved the study; written informed consent was obtained. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05 and analyses were conducted using SPSS (v. 19.0). The two groups had similar demographic characteristics, vaccination history and immunisation status. No significant differences were detected in terms of vaccine type, time interval between the two groups as well as mean time from last vaccination to blood sampling. Seroprotection rates were adequate for both groups. Nonetheless, the jSLE group had consistently inferior (but not statistically meaningful) seroprotection rates at all time-points. Mean anti-HAV IgG antibodies were significantly lower in the jSLE compared to the control group (p<0.01). Similar results were found at one and three years' follow-up (Table I). None of the participants had hypogammaglobulinaemia at the time of blood sampling. During the follow up period, the jSLE group had greater decrease in antibody levels as indicated from the significant interaction effect of analysis. There was no association detected between degree of antibody loss and type of treatment or jSLE disease activity. This was a novel study concerning antibody status against Hepatitis A in children with jSLE. Fully vaccinated participants showed satisfactory seroprotection rates and antibody titres. Nonetheless, we detected increased antibody loss against Hepatitis A in children with jSLE, which further accelerated once treatment was initiated. Low antibody titres could be attributed to the disease (4), its activity (5) or medications (6). Studies concerning other vaccines, performed in children with IBD, JIA and jSLE showed matching results (7-9). The majority of patients with jSLE receive long-term immunosuppressive treatment. B-cell depletion observed in patients under immunosuppressive treatment is a well-documented factor leading to antibody depletion; hence the accelerated rate of antibody loss can be justified. Immunity against certain viruses is severely affected in patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment, rendering these patients susceptible to HAV infection (10). In fact, corticosteroids and immunosuppressants are associated with decreased vaccine serological response whereas hydroxichloroquine seems to improve vaccine immunogenicity (4). Additionally, steroid use seems to hamper immunogenicity in a dose dependent manner (6). SLE is partially a lymphocyte-mediated autoimmune disease with abnormality in the adaptive immune system. Self-antigens set off reactive T cells including Th1 cells with production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Defective Th1 reaction has been repeatedly reported in vaccine non-responders, rendering this hypothesis challenging for further insight (11). Our study was underpowered to bring up differences amongst the different treatment groups and correlate disease activity to antibody loss. Finally, although baseline immunology tests were carried out, further studies on B cell function were not performed. In conclusion, although seroprotection rates were similar between the two groups, mean anti-HAV-IgG titres were significantly lower in the jSLE group at all time-points. Further studies are required to address the question of long-term immunity conveyed by immunisations given at an early stage in children with rheumatic diseases. However, evaluation of immunisation status against all vaccine preventable diseases in such patients may be beneficiary. Table I. Demographic characteristics, seroprotection rates and mean anti-HAV IgG titers for the SLE and the control group.


The barrier to the ring inversion of the title compound has been determined using dynamic 13C NMR: ΔG≠253 = 47.9 kJ·mol−1. Empirical force field calculations show that the (half-chair)chair(half-chair) ground state inverts in two equi-energetic steps via the (half-chair)-twist(inverted half-chair) conformer. The calculated ΔH≠ is 46.2 kJ·mol−1 using Allinger's MM2 and 41.7 kJ·mol−1 using White and Bovill's force field.


The purpose of the study was to investigate the immediate acquisition and long-term retention of implicit and explicit collocational knowledge by learners from different proficiency levels in implicit and explicit learning conditions. Seventy two participants were divided into implicit and explicit learning groups, and each group was split into upper and lower proficiency levels. Implicit group learners were naturally exposed to the target collocations, while explicit group learners were asked to fill in the memorization sheet. They were then given an immediate and a delayed posttest to test their implicit and explicit knowledge. The results show that explicit learning group outperformed implicit group in the immediate test, but its advantage disappeared in the delayed test, which indicates that implicit learning is not effective for a short period of time but it has long-lasting retention. In terms of the relationship between acquisition and proficiency level, the upper learners showed almost the same results as the general findings, but for the lower learners, explicit group outperformed implicit group regardless of the time of test and the type of acquired knowledge, which shows the important role of proficiency level in the acquisition of implicit and explicit collocational knowledge.


We study the plasma correlation effects on nonresonant thermonuclear reactions of carbon and oxygen in the interiors of white dwarfs and liquid envelopes of neutron stars. We examine the effects of electron screening on thermodynamic enhancement of thermonuclear reactions in dense plasmas beyond the linear mixing rule. Using these improved enhancement factors, we calculate carbon and oxygen ignition curves in white dwarfs and neutron stars. The energy balance and ignition conditions in neutron star envelopes are evaluated, taking their detailed thermal structure into account. The result is compared to the simplified "one-zone model", which is routinely used in the literature. We also consider the effect of strong magnetic fields on the ignition curves in the ocean of magnetars.


A motor skill is a learned series of movements that combine to produce a smooth, efficient action. Gross motor skills include lifting one's head, rolling over, sitting up, balancing, crawling, and walking. Gross motor development usually follows a pattern. Generally large muscles develop before smaller ones, thus, gross motor development is the foundation for developing skills in other areas. Development also generally moves from top to bottom. For example, the first thing a baby usually learns to control is its eyes. Fine motor skills include the ability to manipulate small objects, transfer objects from hand to hand, and various hand-eye coordination tasks. Fine motor skills may involve the use of very precise motor movement in order to achieve an especially delicate task. This new and important book gathers the latest research from around the globe in this field. [Book Synopsis]; ;


In this work, we study coherent effects associated to wave propagation in scattering media, in particular electromagnetic waves.In weakly disordered media, light intensity fluctuates spatially over large distances. This phenomenon is the result of complex mesoscopic coherent effects, which occur at a microscopic scale. We show that these mesoscopic coherent fluctuations of light induce radiation forces of a new kind. The strength of these fluctuating forces is determined by a single and easily tunable parameter, the dimensionless conductance, which depends on both the geometry and the scattering properties of the medium. Our findings should therefore have interesting applications such as new sensors in soft condensed matter or biophysics.On the methodological viewpoint, we use a hydrodynamic Langevin approach to describe the coherent light fluctuations, where a properly tailored noise accounts for mesoscopic coherent effects. We show how to systematically include the coherent corrections in the noise term, in order to reproduce the intensity fluctuations. This description allows to understand coherent light fluctuations as resulting from a non equilibrium light flow, characterized by two parameters only, the diffusion coefficient and the mobility, otherwise related by an Einstein relation. A clear asset of this method is its dependence upon two parameters only, which provides a compact yet accurate description of the rich underlying coherent effects. Moreover, the mapping we present between coherent light and out of equilibrium hydrodynamics is easily generalizable to a large class of quantum or classical wave problems.For future perspectives, this connection between coherent effects in mesoscopics and non equilibrium stochastic processes should be of interest in both the mesoscopics and statistical mechanics communities. For the former, the mapping to non equilibrium hydrodynamics provides a new insight to mesoscopic physics as well as useful tools to study quantities so far difficult to access, such as higher orders intensity correlation functions. For the latter, this work should motivate further study of time independent processes inspired from mesoscopics.


My experienced- and scientific based essay describes de communicative issues I experience with a specific couple of parents at my preschool. These issues are also applicable in a more general persp ...


This dissertation is a study of the mask as literary trope in European literature between 1890 and 1914. Through a comparative analysis of literary and dramatic works, and through a juxtaposition to works of visual art produced in the period, I illustrate how the mask takes numerous shapes and configurations as it is treated as a synecdoche, a metonymy, as a figure of antithesis. I show how, in spite of the mask's changeability, it continues to echo the same concerns and to function as an image of death and rebirth. Moreover, I argue that the mask can be considered an uncanny phenomenon because of its flexibility as a signifier, as a "symbol that takes over the full functions of the thing it symbolizes" (Freud 1919, 244) and thus as an image of ambiguity and unintelligibility. I begin by pointing out the importance of masks in visual arts and in the philosophical and dramatic discourse of the period. I explain how the mask assumes in these years a new significance as a form of portraiture and how it is associated with the idea of fragment; I summarize the notion of masks in Nietzsche and examine how the mask relates to the concept of "uncanny" as formulated by Freud. I then show how several writers use masks to approach the iii matter of a conscious and unconscious self, constructing texts that parallel, and often prefigure the Freudian approach. In addition, I explain how the use of masks merges with sensibilities that are developing at the time, such as the notion of aestheticism, the fear of and fascination with the exotic, the assimilation of Darwinist theories, the notion of degeneration and of a declining phase in Western civilization. The analyses leads to the conclusions that, in all these texts, the mask becomes a trope for a potentially threatening alterity. The act of recognizing one's mask coincides with a process of self knowledge, and is linked to the awareness of an uncomfortable resemblance with a dangerous, often "exotic" Other which is reflected in the repressed component of one's self, but which is also an image of estrangement felt by the individual in a time of rapid change.


An electroless plating of Co-Ni-P was applied to a grain-oriented electrical steel substrate, resulting in a power loss improvement of ~9%-11%. The mean thickness of the coating was found to be 2.15 ± 0.15 μm from environmental scanning electron microscopy images. Shifts of the magnetostriction stress sensitivity curves showed that stress was acting on the substrate and was corroborated by a shift in X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks and narrowing of the domains after the samples were coated. The magnetic property measurement system results confirmed the magnetic nature of the coating and XRD results showed peaks of α-iron in the uncoated sample, α-iron-cobalt and α-iron in the Co-Ni-P-coated sample. The Talysurf profilometer showed a decrease in surface roughness values after coating the sample, which reduced the hysteresis loss.


Spontaneously organized institutions of collective action and the institutional effects of exogenous development interventions are both known to have a profound effect on development outcomes.1 Despite an in-depth academic understanding of the institutional foundations of development and natural resource management (NRM), development interventions continue to have a strong technological bias. Development and conservation interventions continue to be carried out with an uncritical view to equity and the possible negative repercussions of interventions on certain social groups and environmental sustainability, while local institutions (rules and structures) remain largely invisible to outside actors.2 Yet the shortcomings lie not only with practitioners but also with research. Research on the institutional dimensions of development and NRM continues to emphasize the characteristics of existing institutions of collective action or institutional constraints on development rather than on ways to build stronger institutions where these are absent to address local development priorities. 7 Enabling Equitable Collective Action and Policy Change for Poverty Reduction and Improved Natural Resource Management in the Eastern African Highlands


Abstract: Introduction: The multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) has the capacity to extrude chemotherapeutics and has been implicated in treatment failure in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Previous methods for determination of MDR1 expression have included dye exclusion, demonstration of P‐glycoprotein by flow cytometry and/or immunohistochemistry, and molecular polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based assays for RNA expression. However, these assays have either proven difficult to standardize or tedious to perform. We have therefore designed a real‐time quantitative (RQ)‐PCR based assay measuring MDR1 gene expression and validated it in AML patients by direct comparison with a competitive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay.


Evidence presented here indicates that the regional mortuary record for Holocene hunter-gatherers emerges in the immediate post-glacial period. Data concerning mortuary practices are reviewed from twenty Early Holocene (10,500-8,000 B.P.) archaeological sites located throughout the North American midcontinent. Two types of funerary treatment appear pervasive, primary inhumation in a flexed posture and cremation of individuals. Such cremations were frequently followed by reburial at spatially separate locations. Grave goods largely consist of ornaments, weapon components, and toolkits. The initial Holocene sites described in this article provide the earliest evidence in North America for the appearance of formal cemeteries. Application of ethnographically-derived models suggests that such cemeteries were special-place ritual nodes which may have defined home territories and reinforced group cohesion across multiple generations.


Background and Aims Malformations of cortical development MCDs are increasingly recognized as important causes of epilepsy. The aims of this study is to evaluate the presentation and severity of epilepsy in the differents types of MCDs in children. Methods Neuroimaging data of patients with epilepsy and MCDs in MRI were evaluated for a period from 2000–2011. The case records were taken from the medical file. Results We are reporting 13 cases (9 boys and 3 girls) of MCDs. The mean age at onset of seizure was 20 months (2 months-8 years). Psychomotor retardation were present in 5 patients. Craniofacial dysmorphism was noted in 4 cases and microcephaly in 6 cases. Hypotonia and subsequently limb hypertonia were noted in 5 cases. Partial seizure was seen in 5 patients followed by infantile spasms in 3 cases. EEG demonstrated focal epileptiform discharges in 4 cases, and hypsarythmia in 2 cases. Cortical dysplasia was seen in 4 patients, polymicrogyria in 3 patients, lissencephaly in 4 patients and schizencephaly in one patient. Heterotopias were seen in 3 patients in combination with other malformations. Genetic analysis for Miller-Dieker syndrome showed mutations of the LIS1 gene on chromosome 17 in one case. Only 5 Patients had their seizures controlled by antiepileptic drugs (2 patients with cortical dysplasia and 3 with polymicrogyria). Conclusion MR imaging allows the detection and classification of MCDs. An adequate classification of these malformations should help to provide to the family an appropriate counseling both in terms of genetics and outcome.


In this paper we study the global boundedness of solutions to the fully parabolic chemotaxis system with singular sensitivity: \begin{document}$u_t=\Delta u-\chi\nabla·(\frac{u}{v}\nabla v)$\end{document} , \begin{document}$v_t=k\Delta v-v+u$\end{document} , subject to homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions in a bounded and smooth domain \begin{document}$\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{n}$\end{document} ( \begin{document}$n\ge 2$\end{document} ), where \begin{document}$\chi, \, k>0$\end{document} . It is shown that the solution is globally bounded provided \begin{document}$0 . This result removes the additional restriction of \begin{document}$n \le 8 $\end{document} in Zhao, Zheng [ 15 ] for the global boundedness of solutions.


...................................................................................................................... 4 DECLARATION ................................................................................................................. 5 FIGURES AND TABLES ................................................................................................... 6 ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................. 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................. 8 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE..................................................................................................... 9 CONTENTS ..................................................................................................................... 10 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 15 1.1 Background ................................................................................................ 15 1.2 Aim of the Research Report ....................................................................... 17 1.3 Rationale .................................................................................................... 19 1.4 Theory and literature review ....................................................................... 19 1.5 Research methodology .............................................................................. 22 CHAPTER TWO: NEWTOWN EMERGES AS A CULTURAL SPACE ............................... 27 2.1 A brief history of Newtown .......................................................................... 27 2.2 The seventies and the establishment of the Market Theatre....................... 29 2.3 The eighties and the Market Theatre becomes a major world theatre ........ 30 2.4 The nineties and enter Christopher Till (1991 to 1997) ............................... 31 2.5 The late nineties and Gauteng Province ..................................................... 36 2.6 Enter JDA 2001 and Graeme Reid ............................................................. 40 2.7 Why Newtown? .......................................................................................... 45 2.8 The story of the international consultants (200 to 2006) ............................. 47 2.9 Enter JDA and Lael Bethlehem .................................................................. 51 2.10 And finally the Newtown Improvement District ............................................ 57


With the development of economy, the living standards of civilians in China have gradually been improved.Cold chain has been focused by the logistics industry, and advanced technology from developed countries has been introduced to cold-chain distribution.To aim at the characteristics of the cold-chain logistics nowadays, this article is stating the main module on logistics-distribution.Meanwhile, it is also giving certain suggestions to the optimization of cold-chain logistics system and recommending a number of advanced cases for reference.


Indonesia is one of the countries that consume palm oil that can be modified into multiple products such as frying oil, soap, chocolate butter, and biodiesel.1 Recent years, the productivity of palm oil has increased significantly through the consumption of the modified products. In addition, there were several methods used in stages to increase the productivity such as superior seeds, fertilization and molecular. In the scope of molecular methods2 in previous research used to design a primer that amplified the flowering gene in order to increase the productivity. Only the female flowers can be processed to modified products because fruit can only be produced by mating. However, there were difficulties to distinguish which are male and female's flowers on the palm tree before flowering stage occurred.


FOREDOOMED as a result of generations of military and industrial unpreparedness, China's national armies were driven back by Japanese military superiority after a year and a half of resistance that amazed the world. That this coordinated Chinese military effort should have lasted as long as it did is a tribute to the fighting men of China. Shanghai, Nanking, Hankow, the defense of the Lunghai line and correlated conflicts, amongst which Taierchwang stands preeminent, proved to a somewhat incredulous world that Chinese soldiers, given leadership of sorts and partial training, can fight. This lesson was given once before, by the Ever Victorious Army of Frederick Townsend Ward, the American soldier of fortune, and his British successor "Chinese" Gordon, in the days of the Taiping Rebellion. Japan now faces the secondary stage of conquest, the pacification of occupied territory, while Chinese resistance takes the form of guerilla warfare, a more or less disorganized effort quite distinct from the grand tactics of regularly constituted national armed forces. How far China's guerilla resistance may be prolonged, what effect it will have on Japan's self-assured hegemony in the Far East, remain to be seen. China fights on today; what of tomorrow? Proponents of China repeat the words of Oom Paul Kruger, President of the Transvaal Republic, following Cronje's surrender at Paardeburg and the relief of Ladysmith: "The real war will begin now!" Comparisons are drawn, even, by wishful thinkers, between China's present situation and that of the Thirteen Colonies during the American Revolution. The realist is limited in his conjecture to a comparative analysis of guerilla warfare in the past. Before taking up other historical examples, it may be well to point out certain essential factors in the final success of the American Revolution which are entirely lacking in China today. These factors are three: the in-


This study explores the marital satisfaction among widows and widowers, and the implications of these to their desire of remarrying. Analyses are based on the triangulation method such as two sets of quantitative methods and a qualitative method. Due to respondents' availability thirty (30) respondents used in this study. Widowed men and women has the same level of marital satisfaction however widowers has to have the possibility to remarry than widows who have shown to be more focused with their responsibilities with their children. This study also had shown Age and the Period of being widowed as a great factor why widows and widowers do not consider remarriage. The study also revealed that most widows viewed remarriage and repartnering as a responsibility. And also the common transitions happened after widowhood. The study had shown not only the financial changes but also the emotional changes had been experienced by most widows and widowers.


The article is devoted to the applied problems of introducing innovative self-driving cars into the economic environment. The analysis of the main problems hindering the entry into operation of unmanned vehicles is presented. The relationship between the traditional VADS system and the sys-tem of functioning of an unmanned vehicle (SFBAS) is proposed. The systems included in the SFBAS are considered.


Three sources of metabasites in eastern Central Europe
exploitated in the Neolithic have been characterised. The most
important one lies in the Jizerske hory Mts., N Bohemia,
another one at Želesice near Brno (Czech Republic) and the
third in the Male Karpaty Mts., Slovakia. Distribution map of
metabasites from the Jizerske hory Mts. shows their occurrences
at Neolithic sites up to 500 km from the source.


This study aims to find out the relationship between the trends of various exchange rates and the trend of imports on Sri Lankan empirical context. The quantitative method is used by using the time series data in this study. The annual time series data used in this study are collected from the annual report of Central Bank of Sri Lanka for the time periods from year 1950 to year 2017. The multiple regression model is used to find out the impact of the independent variables such as Indian Rupees, Japanese Yen, Pound Sterling, and US Dollar on the dependent variable such as imports of Sri Lanka. The Granger Causality Test is used to find out the causal relationship among all the variables. The Johansen Co-Integration Test is used to find out long run equilibrium relationship among the variables. Pound Sterling of United Kingdom and Dollar of United Statesare positively impacts on the Imports of Sri Lanka. Indian Rupees and Japanese Yen are inversely associated with the imports. According to the Granger Causality Test, one way causal relationship is found between the currencies such as Indian Rupees, Japanese Yen, Pound Sterling, and US Dollar and the imports. The results of Johansen Co-integration Test vividly ensure the long run equilibrium relationship of the variables and the movement of all the variables together in the long run equilibrium. Paradox is recommended to be named as Import Paradox of Pound- Dollar. The structural breakpoint is found in year 2009 which is the year of cease-fire in Sri Lanka.


Introduced Tong Hui 220kv transformer substation fire protection design,and described fire hydrant system,water spray extinguishing system and fire extinguisher.The designer should pay attention to the some problems,and put forward own point of view to the fire protection design.


Detection, localization and reconstruction of images (3D / 2D) of below ground targets based upon RF tomography is a process using multistatic antenna (Transmitters and Receivers) configuration of randomly distributed over the measurement domain. In this paper, an effective method for RF tomography image enhancement is presented. The interference between strong scatterer sidelobes and weak scatterers in the measurement domain, leading to a decrease in the image quality and also can mask the returns from nearby weak targets in Rf Tomography. We propose a faster, more flexible and accurate method to deal with ill-conditioned operators in RF tomography, we decrease the effects of strong sidelobes on targets which increases the potential to reconstruct quality images of buried weak targets using an Iterative Reconstruction Algorithms (IRT), such as Multiplicative Algebraic Reconstruction Techniques (MART). The MART algorithm is an iterative algebraic approach that inverts the linear operator with less computational expense when the operator is ill-conditioned. Suppression, or the clean algorithm is an effective approach to remove the effect of strong sidelobes from dominant scatterers on nearby weak targets in the measurement domain. This algorithm functions by modeling the strong scatterers as extra transmitters in the measurement domain. The sidelobes of these dipoles are subtracted from the collected field to sharpen the quality of the weak targets image. Simulation data using the computational electromagnetic software FEKO are used to validate a inversion scheme, based on an Iterative Reconstruction Algorithms (IRT), such as Multiplicative Algebraic Reconstruction Techniques (MART), and the proposed suppression algorithm.


This paper selects two villages in Baqiao District,Xi'an City,to investigate and analyae the farmer's urbanization willingness.From the survey,the following conclusions are made: the agricultural economy is declining;farmer's income is low;most farmers are longing for city life;a half of agriculture labor's desire to be migrant workers is weak mainly for the reason of worrying about low salary and lacking of social security;worry about their land rights;not familiar with the government's policy of land and migrant worker.Finally,the measures to promote urbanization are proposed.


One of the most dominant nonlinear effects in single-mode fibers is stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). The generation of SBS in a ring resonator can be considered as a lasing action, with the Stokes output downshifted in frequency by an amount equal to the Brillouin frequency. In the stationary case stimulated Brillouin scattering in a length of optical fiber can be described by the following partial differential equations for the slowly varying complex amplitudes of the pump wave E
 p
 and the backscattered first order Stokes wave E
 B1
 , with the wave amplitudes E
 i
 related to the intensities I
 i
 by I
 i
 = |E
 i
 |2 (i=p,B1) [1]: (1) In a ring resonator geometry as depicted in Fig. 1 the wave amplitudes at the ports of the directional coupler obey the relations [2] (2) where

 V
 k
 2

 is the coupler intensity radiation loss, K is the field coupling coefficient, and T is the field transmission coefficient.


How to establish third grade plane controlling network applying GPS and how to establish third grade level network applying DL-102C electronic level are explained in this paper, data processing ways and precision index which are applied to promote plane precision and elevation simulating and conforming precision are expressed, and checking the conforming precision inside of plane network standard points data is explained in this paper as well. When elevation simulating and conforming was being carried out, precision checking for known GPS level point data would be finished in several simulating and conforming plans. The best simulating and conforming way would be searched by not only considering conforming precision inside, but also considering conforming precision outside.


About the UK Faculty of Public Health The UK Faculty of Public Health (FPH) is committed to improving and protecting people's mental and physical health and wellbeing. FPH is a joint faculty of the three Royal Colleges of Public Health Physicians of the United Kingdom (London, Edinburgh and Glasgow). Our vision is for better health for all, where people are able to achieve their fullest potential for a healthy, fulfilling life through a fair and equitable society. We work to promote understanding and to drive improvements in public health policy and practice.


The key points to be concerned in SIS planning and construction were pointed out as the following three aspects: real-time historian, advanced applications and system security. For real-time historian, the standardization of access interface should be emphasized, unifying the access mode of different historians; standardization and completeness of process data are the basis for the whole enterprise information system. From the point of practical application, key items and difficult problems were analyzed in advanced SIS application modules, such as unit performance calculation, energy loss analysis, and optimal load dispatch, etc. Meanwhile, the concept of highly packaging of SIS modules for directly using of these advanced applications was proposed. Finally, the important items about SIS system security were presented including proper network framework, critical technologies of security and effective management measures.


Intelligent computer-assisted instruction (ICAI) uses artificial intelligence techniques to imitate in computer form the power of human tutorial processes. Its major technical features are the use of a modularized knowledge base instead of CAI's textual scripts, and the ability to interpret the student's statements and questions expressed in natural English. These features make ICAI systems extremely flexible and allow the student much greater learner control of the interaction than is traditionally possible in CAI. Other major elements of an ICAI system are an extensive model of the student and an explicit model of the tutoring process. Our research on the development of GEO, an ICAI system which interacts with students in the area of geography, is briefly described. Finally, the nature of this new technology is discussed in terms of its potential influence on university teaching and learning, especially in terms of our conception of learning.


The main goal of the industry is to ensure the plant food of the population and raw material processing industry, which ultimately affects the increase in food security. At the present time in Russia have been widely applied energy saving technologies of cultivation of crops, which are aimed at reducing labor costs and energy, while increasing product quality. Special places in the resource-saving technologies take sowing machines and drills for underground-surface planting in particular. Seeding machines for underground-surface planting, for example, allow to raise the yield of grain crops for 10-20 %. It should be pointed, that modern seeding machines for underground-surface planting with tine coulter doesn't fully meet the agrochemical requirements to the process of planting. This circumstance negates the effectiveness of the cultivating technology. Disadvantages of the tine coulters for underground-surface planting include: small coverage; unintelligent use of planting chamber; pulsation of seeds flow; insufficiently even seeds distribution over the planting area at the given depth. That is why the department of "Mechanization of technological processes in the agro-industrial complex" of the Penza State Agricultural Academy developed pneumatic planter coulter for underground-surface planting with the deflector-distributor of seeds over the planting area. Employment of this gear allows to raise evenness of seeds distribution over the planting area at the given depth and increase coverage. To ascertain the design parameters of the developed coulter, results of multifactorial experiment on substantiating the optimal values of design parameters are given in the actual article. Among the optimal values the following parameters are being analysed: width, tilt angle and height of the outlet port of deflector-distributor of seeds. The experiment was carried out, taking the following methods into account: multifactorial experiment techniques and calculation and determination procedure of the grain seeds distribution evenness over the planting area. This experiment was made with the help of the laboratory-scale plant, which includes soil box, geared trolley, tanker, planting mechanism, electric motor, pneumatic ventilator, distribution head with grain tube, as well as planting area. Efficacy of employment of tine coulter with deflector-distributor of seeds was confirmed throuth the results of laboratory and field study.


This method defines a loading basis for plate structures which is identified from strain measurements, in order to reconstruct the mechanical fields. This loading basis is given by a decomposition of the global structure into simple sub-structures associated with the loaded boundaries only. Some elementary basis are defined for each substructure depending on their local edge effects. A global basis is then obtained by the equilibrium of the complete structure. The main advantage of this approach is to classify the basis vectors depending on their influence on the overall response of the structure. INTRODUCTION Improving structural performances requires monitoring the mechanical fields present inside the structures and the boundary conditions. Assuming here that the loading zones are not overstressed, overall information about the whole structure are therefore preferred to detailed information about specific small zones. This approach focuses mainly on the overall responses of the structures associated with the boundary conditions. Full-field identification methods have been widely studied for the last ten years in order to improve the control and the performances of stand-alone structures. Various methods have been implemented in the context of both dynamic and static field reconstructions. The dynamic approaches have consisted in identifying modal shapes from strain measurements [3, 6]. The static approaches have consisted in identifying Martini, Hochard, Charles, Aix-Marseille University (AMU), Laboratory of Mecanics and Acoustics (LMA), Marseille, France 6th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring We.3.E.1 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ 1 M or e in fo a bo ut th is a rt ic le : ht tp :// w w w .n dt .n et /? id = 14 17 0 finite element fields from strain and displacement measurements [7, 8]. The main limitation of these methods is the mismatch between the degrees of freedom used to approximate mechanical fields and the few number of measurements available in practical applications. Hundred of thousands of parameters are required to accurately approximate mechanical fields, whereas only a few sensors are available, which results in an ill-posed inverse problem, [4]. Since the boundary conditions are used to regularize parameter identification problems on the basis of full-field measurements [1], it was proposed to first identify the boundary conditions and then to reconstruct the mechanical fields. In addition, only internal fields are studied, and the corresponding boundary conditions are therefore approximated with just a few parameters based on Saint-Venant's principle. These parameters can therefore be identified with a limited amount of measurements, which regularizes the inverse problem associated with the full-field reconstruction problem. In this paper, the formulation associated with structural monitoring is first tackled and the resolution with a finite element method is proposed for plate structures. The main issue is then to find the proper loading basis, which accurately approximates the real loading conditions. This basis is obtained by the projection of Trefftz-like analytical solutions of the plate problem onto the boundaries of the structures. Lastly, a decomposition of plate structures is used to define a global loading basis. With this method, the loading functions are organized in increasing local edge effects which simplifies the choice of these functions for monitoring the overall responses of the structures. INVERSE PROLEM FORMULATION The aim here is to determine mechanical fields and boundary conditions based on strain measurements. Let us take a structure Ω subjected to unknown loading conditions, Fb onto the boundary ∂Ω. At this point, we take the boundary conditions to be loads only, the displacement boundary conditions, ub relates to the rigid body motion (RBM) only and Fb is necessarily balanced. This assumption, which is required because no displacement measurements are available, makes it possible to avoid the uncertainties about the joints between the structure and the environment. Strain measurements, εm, are performed on ∂Ωm ⊂ ∂Ω and the effects of the body force and the inertia are neglected. Summarizing the inverse problem in equation form gives: To find (u,ε,σ,Fb) such that: Mechanical equations: 


The role of institutional quality is important for the development of entrepreneurship and economic growth. With this question in mind, it is crucial to understand why some countries have higher economic growth and more entrepreneurial activity than others, and what factors determine the relationship between entrepreneurship and growth. Hence, the aim of this research is to identify the moderating effect of governance quality in terms of 6 sub-indices, including voice and accountability, political stability, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law and control of corruption based on a sample of 54 countries participating in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) project during 2008–2020. The results show that the quality of governance increases the positive relationship between entrepreneurial activity and economic growth. In particular, all sub-indicators of governance quality seem to be moderators between entrepreneurship and economic growth. This study has implications both from a theoretical point of view (promoting the application of institutional economics in entrepreneurship–growth nexus) and from a practical point of view (providing insight into policies that improve the governance quality) promoting entrepreneurial activity and economic growth.


Previous experimentation in our laboratory has shown that the classical theory developed for continuous growth of pure cultures in completely mixed aerobic systems in which the recycle cell concentration factor, c (where c = XR/X), is a selectable system constant, did not provide a suitable model for the heterogeneous (natural) populations of the activated sludge process. Another model was derived in which the recycle cell concentration, XR was employed as a system constant instead of c, and computational analysis was performed. Laboratory pilot plant experimentation was undertaken in order to determine whether a "steady state" in aerator biological solids concentration, X̄, and substrate concentration, S̄, could be approached under this mode of operation. Studies were performed at various organic feed concentrations holding dilution rate, D, at 0.125 hr−1, hydraulic recycle ratio, α, at 0.25, and XR at 10,000 mg/liter. Also, values of maximum specific growth rate, μmax, and saturation constant, Ks were determined. It was found that the model approached the steady state condition with heterogeneous populations more closely than did the classical model, and the high degree of treatment efficiency predicted by the model was demonstrated experimentally.


DurING a period of twelve years, five cases of abnormal states of the colorn and rectum have been broughlt uinder my notice, and these cases illustrate three varieties of imperforate bowel. In two insitazoces, the externel opening was closed; in tivo, tie bowel en(led in a cd dc-dsoc an inch or more above the anus: and in the remaining case tl-e bouwel was nlot discovered. The at-hection in atitv of its forms is rare, and it is a curious fact that all thiese cases occurred in tny own practice oitt of about ,,()00 births, whilst Dr. Collinis observed only one instance in l1,,f54 chil(ldren born in the Dublin Lying-in Hospit-ul, arid Dr. Zolrer of Vienna recordls two cases out of 50,000 new-born children. It may, however, be truie, as sugcrested by Dr. NVest, that many instances of simple closuire of the anus may hlave passed unrecorded,whilst all the instances of more serious malformation have been described. In two cases, where the obstruction was situated at the orifice of the anuis, the conditions were pointed ouit to me by the nurses, who noticed the defect when tlhe children were first washed. In both those cases I waited till the collection of meconiunm caused the parts to be distended, and I then made a crucial incision, snip ping off the angles afterwards. These cases gave no further trouble. I directed the rouind enid of an otdinary "dip" candle to be passed into the bowel night and mor-n ing, and the childrern recovered without any other treat-


Jinee Lokaneeta. 2020. The Truth Machines: Policing, Violence, and Scientific Interrogations in India. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. xiii + 250 pp. Notes, bibliography, index. $34.95 (eBook).


The members of the Elizabeth (N.J.) Public Library's teen book discussion group have been participating in YALSA's YA Galley project for the last three years, but this was the first time they've had the opportunity to nominate books for Teens' Top Ten. To celebrate this next step of involvement, the group was extended to include monthly meetings at the Elmora Branch library, and bimonthly meetings with an after-school group at Lafayette Middle School. The former participants and the new group members stepped up to the challenge and read widely over the course of the year, reviewing and nominating with a critical eye. These very savvy, and very opinionated, readers were not shy about voicing their thoughts! The students are very proud of the final Teens' Top Ten list, and were pleased and honored to be asked to share their comments about the books that made the cut. 1. New Moon by Stephenie Meyer (Little, Brown Books for Young Readers, 2006). Stephenie Meyer captured all of us in this intense sequel to Twilight. Everything with Bella and Edward was going fine, well, as fine as a normal girl dating a vampire can get. In New Moon, Bella and Edward face new tribulations. You soon find out that the Cullens aren't the only unknown creatures Bella should watch out for. With new characters, deep secrets, and new revelations, Bella comes to one of the biggest decisions in her life. Meyer got us once again captivated by her books. I would highly suggest this book to anyone who loves all of the following ingredients: two cups of romance, two teaspoons of secrets, and a dash of blood. I promise it will be the tastiest thing that your teeth will ever sink into.--Rafaella, 16 2. Just Listen by Sarah Dessen (Viking Children's Books, 2006). Just Listen is about Annabel Greene and how her social life was gone because of an incident at a party. She hates confrontation and just keeps everything in, from her older sister and her eating-disorder to that party and her tiring modeling career. Until she meets Owen, music-obsessed and anger-managed. I really like this book. It's kind of general but that is easily forgotten with the storyline and everything--Janis, 16 3. How to Ruin a Summer Vacation by Simone Ekeles (Flux, 2006). When 16-year-old Amy Nelson's father begs her to go to Israel to meet his side of the family, it's going to be nothing like she thought it would be. My opinion is that How to Ruin a Summer Vacation is a fantastic book from the author Simone Elkeles--Robert, 16 4. Maximum Ride: School's Out-Forever by James Patterson (Hachette Book Group USA/Little, Brown Books for Young Readers, 2006). Maximum Ride: School's Out-Forever is the second installment to the Maximum Ride series. Max and her flock finally escaped School. They end up living with an FBI agent and attend normal school. Everything seems alright for a while and they experience normal human life until the Erasers come back and the voice in Max's head speaks again. Then the secrets come pouring out and they're on the run again. This book really keeps you guessing. It has the right amount of genres from comedy to sci-fi and everything else in between--Janis, 16 5. Firegirl by Tony Abbott (Hachette Book Group USA/Little, Brown Books for Young Readers, 2006). Firegirl is a story about a seventh-grader named Tom whose world gets ripped apart. He spends his days with his friend, Jeff, who is domineering and bossy, and also wanting to ride in a Cobra (old car). A new girl is brought into his class and she was severely burned in a fire. This changes everything for him and he kind of realizes that maybe he shouldn't make so many allowances for Jeff's behavior and that you don't put aside what's important for something like, say, a ride in a Cobra. I really think this book is a good eye-opener for teenagers that are in middle school and that are beginning to realize that everything isn't peaches and cream. He goes through this short experience with a somewhat changed attitude and I think this book really would be helpful to read because we don't encounter conflicts like this that make it easier to see the obvious issues with the way we usually think. …


We provide a complete spectral characterization of a new method of constructing isospectral (in fact, unitary) deformations of general Schrrdinger operators H =-d2/d.x 2 + V in L2(/l~). Our technique is connected to Dirichlet data, that is, the spectrum of the operator H D on L2((-~,x0)) @ L2((x0, oo)) with a Difichlet boundary condition at x 0. The transformation moves a single eigenvalue of H D and perhaps flips which side of x 0 the eigenvalue lives. On the remainder of the spectrum, the transformation is realized by a unitary operator. For cases such as V(x)-, ~ as Ixl-" ~, where V is uniquely determined by the spectrum of H and the Dirichlet data, our result implies that the specific Dirichlet data allowed are determined only by the asymptotics as E ~ oo. Spectral deformations of Schrrdinger operators in L2(/R), isospectral and certain classes of non-isospectral ones, have attracted a lot of interest over the past three decades due to their prominent role in connection with a variety of topics , including the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) hierarchy, inverse spectral problems, supersymmetric quantum mechanical models, level comparison theorems, etc. In fact, the construction of N-soliton solutions of the KdV hierarchy (and more generally , the construction of solitons relative to reflectionless backgrounds) is a typical example of a non-isospectral deformation of H =-d2/dx 2 in L2(R) since the resulting deformation [1 =-d2/dx 2 + re" acquires an additional point spectrum (cr(.) abbreviating the spectrum). On the other hand, the solution of the inverse periodic problem and the corresponding solution of the algebro-geometric quasi-periodic finite-gap inverse problem for the KdV hierarchy (and certain almost-periodic limiting situations thereof) are intimately connected with isospectral (in fact, unitary) deformations of a given base (background) operator H =-d 2/dx 2 + V. Although not a complete bibliography on applications of spectral deformations in [47], and the references cited therein. Our main motivation in writing this paper descends from our interest in inverse spectral problems. As pointed out later (see Remarks 4.5, 4.7, and 4.8), spectral deformation methods can provide crucial insights into the isospectral class of a given base potential V, and in some cases can even determine the whole class Iso(V) = {15" E LI~(/~) [ o(-d2/dx 2 q-(1) _~ o-(_d2/dx2q_ V)} of such potentials. A particularly "annoying" open problem in inverse spectral theory concerns the characterization of the isospectral class of potentials V with …


This work is an attempt to illustrate the usage and effectiveness of soft computing techniques in the estimation and control of multi input and multi output systems. This paper focuses on neuro-fuzzy system ANFIS (Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference system). An Adaptive Network based Fuzzy Interference System architecture extended to cope with multivariable systems has been used. The performance of the control strategy is studied on the control of Distillation Column problem. The results confirmed the control quality improvement with MPC and PID controller.


Cells show a variety of responses to mechanical stimuli which deform the cell membrane. In other word, cells can sense their shape change. However, the molecular mechanism of mechanosensation of the cell had remained unknown for a long time. This situation has been changed since the discovery of a mechanosensitive ion channel called stretch activated (SA) channel. The most popular type of SA channels is a Ca2+ -permeable type with a single channel conductance of ca. 40pS. Though we know little about their physiological functions in nonsensory cells, activation of SA channels may increase intracellular Ca2+ concentration, thereby elicits proper cell responses. This short article focuses on the recent progress in the SA channel-mediated signaling mechanism in the stretch-induced cell remodelling, where spatiotemporal structures of mechanical stresses are converted into the structure of cell.


Purpose
Group criticism plays an important role in intergroup relations and conflicts, but few studies have related group criticism to intercultural communication contexts. This study aims to explore two cultural groups' (Chinese international students in the USA and American domestic students) collective face concern as a unique experience in intercultural communication and other psychological responses while encountering group criticism targeting their country image.

Design/methodology/approach
A laboratory experiment was conducted assessing Chinese international students (n = 115) and American domestic students' (n = 100) responses to a research-confederate critic (whose group membership was manipulated) criticizing participants' country image such as blaming China and the USA for air pollution or using drugs in the Olympics. analysis of covariance, correlational analysis and regression analysis were adopted to analyze the data.

Findings
Chinese international students reported higher collective face concerns and lower liking toward the critic compared with American students. When criticism specifically targeted participants' country image, Chinese international students reported more discomfort feelings than American students; and while responding to the critic who identified as participants' ingroup member, Chinese international students' discomfort feelings were more susceptible to their collective face than American students in the same condition.

Originality/value
This study illustrates cultural differences in collective face concerns and psychological reactions in responding to criticism targeting a country image in intercultural communication contexts.


Construal level remains inherently linked to time estimation, a judgment task that can be done both objectively ("How many days from now will it happen?") and subjectively ("How far from now does t...


This is a remarkable book, deserving readers, reputation and critique. First, it offers a new explanation of the West's rise to prominence in world history, insisting at all times that this should not be explained in Eurocentric terms that stress some sort of miracle, based on unique European properties whether the nature of feudalism or the presence of rationality. Very much to the contrary, the emphasis here is on intersocietal connections, above all those of geopolitics, with claim upon claim being made as to ways in which Oriental ideas and institutions stood behind and indeed allowed Western achievements. Second, we have here something of a rebirth of Marxism, in a new guise. The account is Marxist most obviously in that the rise in question is considered to be that of capitalism, with all other social forces having only relative autonomy from what is considered to be the fundamental driver of history. But more is involved, namely the insistence that Marxist categories best explain how the West came to rule. On the face of it this is rather strange. The fact that Marx himself was most often Eurocentric to the core, perhaps above all when writing about Asia, is beyond question. But the authors build on key Marxist concepts in extremely interesting ways, and appear to have been influenced by Perry Anderson's view of the origins of capitalism "as a value-added process gaining in complexity as it moved along a chain of interrelated sites" [25]. There is a negative and a positive side to the discovery of Marx's better self. The ideas of Wallerstein's world-systems theory receive heavy criticism, despite the importance of considering the larger world, and so too do those of Brenner's political capitalism, held above all to have too narrow a view of labour power. One expects rebuttals from these Marxist schools, with Brenner being more than capable of defending his position. In contrast, great praise is given to Trotsky's theory of combined and uneven development—and to very great effect. I have always liked Trotsky's view of war as the locomotive of history, and will now add to that "the whip of external necessity." They are particularly interesting—and I think wholly correct—when distinguishing


The present invention provides a method and apparatus for timing of the fire detectors. The method of setting function is achieved by increasing the clock detector of the detector test switch different operations. The method comprising: detecting whether a first predetermined time period of the test switch is turned on after the power switch is triggered; if it is detected the test switch is triggered, a timer is started within the probe, wherein a timer for timing a predetermined time period such that only non-urgent alarm provided said probe.


The "Quixotic Principle" is a poetic principle with a universal meaning to the creation of European and American novels.It provides a basic critical principle and model for the European and American novels since the Don Quixote from the aspects of "morbus litterarius" of the protagonist in novels,conflict between reality and ideas,self-cognition of protagonist and irony in artistic effect. Faulkner is exactly an important modern American writer who played a creative role in the application to this principle.Through the aesthetic exploration to Faulkner's novels from such viewpoints as creative thoughts,creation of normative characters and narrative styles,we can completely corroborate the key poetic effect of the "Quixotic Principle" on the structure and aesthetic constitution of Faulkner's novels.


Salinity stress-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and associated oxidative damage is one of the major factors limiting crop production in saline soils. However, the causal link between ROS production and stress tolerance is not as straightforward as one may expect, as ROS may also play an important signaling role in plant adaptive responses. In this study, the causal relationship between salinity and oxidative stress tolerance in two cereal crops—barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum)—was investigated by measuring the magnitude of ROS-induced net K+ and Ca2+ fluxes from various root tissues and correlating them with overall whole-plant responses to salinity. We have found that the association between flux responses to oxidative stress and salinity stress tolerance was highly tissue specific, and was also dependent on the type of ROS applied. No correlation was found between root responses to hydroxyl radicals and the salinity tolerance. However, when oxidative stress was administered via H2O2 treatment, a significant positive correlation was found for the magnitude of ROS-induced K+ efflux and Ca2+ uptake in barley and the overall salinity stress tolerance, but only for mature zone and not the root apex. The same trends were found for wheat. These results indicate high tissue specificity of root ion fluxes response to ROS and suggest that measuring the magnitude of H2O2-induced net K+ and Ca2+ fluxes from mature root zone may be used as a tool for cell-based phenotyping in breeding programs aimed to improve salinity stress tolerance in cereals.


Objective To summarize the feasible and advantage of cholecystectomy with small oblique incision. Methods The bladder was removed in calof triangle at 8 th rib level of right inside of 4~6 mm oblique incision. Results 80 cases were performed such method with 50 mg dolantin and ambulation was taken at 12~24 h with oral intake at 24~72 h. the duration of hospitalized was 3~7 d with recovery within twice weeks. Conclusion This method could fit for anatomy characteristics without injury of abdominal wall muscle with safe and easy performance.


Theoretical model for the analysis of fire resistance of bar-reinforced concrete filled square steel tubes was put forward in the paper,and proved to be valid by testing results with a good agreement.By using of the model,the Influence of parameters on fire resistance also has been analyzed.On the basis of the above-mentioned work,the fire resistance formula was presented.The method presented in this paper may provide useful reference for the practical design and code writing.