BACKGROUND: The potential for bacterial contamination limits the storage of platelets at 22 degrees C to 5 days. This creates an inventory problem, which could be overcome by the use of cryopreservation to allow long‐term storage of platelets. It has been demonstrated that the addition to platelets of a mixture of second‐ messenger effectors (platelet storage solution), allows these cells to retain significant in vitro functional activity following cold storage. Analysis is needed of the ability of this second messenger effector mixture both to protect platelets during cryopreservation and to reduce the need for a cryoprotectant. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Fresh single‐ donor platelet units (n = 8) were divided into three samples and treated with 6‐percent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 2‐percent DMSO or the platelet storage solution and 2‐percent DMSO. The samples were placed directly into a −80 degrees C freezer and stored for 1 week, after which they were thawed and analyzed for in vitro functional activity. RESULTS: Platelets cryopreserved with the platelet storage solution and 2‐percent DMSO displayed statistically higher retention of functional activity and viability‐including cell number, percent of discoid cells, extent of shape change, and hypotonic shock response‐than did platelets stored by the method using 6‐percent DMSO. In addition, the treated platelets displayed statistically lower expression of p‐ selectin. The treated platelets showed no loss of cell number, > 88‐ percent retention of discoid morphology, and > 75‐percent retention of ristocetin‐induced aggregation as compared to values for these measures in fresh platelets. CONCLUSION: The use of this platelet storage solution in the cryopreservation of platelets yields a significant improvement in their postthaw in vitro recovery and allows for a reduction of the DMSO concentration from 6 to 2 percent, with superior maintenance of in vitro viability and function.


The paper studies the electromagnetic interferences between high voltage power lines (HVPL) and nearby above ground or underground metallic pipelines (MP). To evaluate the induced AC interfernce in MP, as effect of inductive and capacitive couplings, an equivalent electrical circuit approach has been adopted. A user friendly software application, InterfStud, has been developed by the authors to create and solve the equivalent electrical circuit model of any HVPL-MP interference problem. To test the implemented software application classical HVPL-MP problems are studied. The obtained induced current and voltage values are compared with ones given by professional CDEGS software package .


The liberalisation of telecommunications policies in the United Kingdom has opened new commercial opportunities for independent satellite teleport operators. These new teleports have evolved to provide private earth station facilities for broadcasters and information service providers by means of permanent and occasional television broadcast and data services. The paper describes the way a UK based international broadcaster has grasped the opportunities provided by this deregulated environment by setting up a dedicated subsidiary company, Teleport London International (TLI). The subsidiary has made rapid progress during its first year of commercial operation and it has developed international partnerships to provide new distribution opportunities for news and broadcasting organisations. TLI is one of Europe's first major private international teleports. It offers a full range of analogue and digital satellite services in all radio and television standards for both full time and occasional traffic together with data services. It operates as a service provider in one of the most advanced, deregulated and competitive communications markets in the world.


Dependence of contrast degree in image plane of visualizing system for phase inhomogeneities on lateral movement of spatial frequency filter is considered. A model of such a system based on the method of spatial optical filtering is presented.


The authors illustrate a new, direct BIE (boundary integral equation) formulation for skin and proximity effect calculations. The main advantage of the present formulation is that it is a logical extension of the well-known TM (transverse magnetic) induction formulation. The authors introduce the impedance boundary condition (IBC) approximation of the skin and proximity effect problems in terms of the conventional Fredholm boundary integral equations. Unlike previous formulations, the IBC approximation can be used with the external electric field equation, so the skin and proximity effect problem is formulated as an exterior problem. The method has been applied to test problems; reliable results were obtained both with and without the use of the IBC approximation. >


A novel generalized cross-correlation technique is described capable in obtaining a time history of the velocity from the fluctuations of the signals recorded by a pair of sensors placed in a certain distance behind each other in flow direction in case of a transient process. It is based on a reconstruction of the time dependent velocity signal by the adaptation of the coefficients in a Fourier series used as an ansatz for the velocity as function of time. The optimal set of coefficients is found by minimizing the variance calculated from the residuum calculated by subtracting the signal of the first sensor shifted by the transit time corresponding to the instantaneous velocity and the distance between both sensors from the signal of the second sensor. The method was successfully tested by reconstructing known velocity histories used to generate synthetic signal pairs. A test with real wire-mesh signals and a comparison with LDA measurements in single-phase mixing experiments showed fairly good results also with real measuring signals. Turbulent fluctuations are difficult to reconstruct, probably because of the big bandwidth, while low frequency velocity changes introduced by a periodic change of the revolutions of the pump driving the flow in the test section were reconstructed in good agreement with the LDA measurements.


Adrenalectomy was performed on a 37‐year‐old woman with right adrenal pheochromocytoma. Although the histological diagnosis was benign, telomerase repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) demonstrated positive telomerase activity. Thirty‐five months after adrenalectomy, a recurrent tumor was found. Forty‐seven months after adrenalectomy, bone metastases also appeared. Malignant pheochromocytoma was clinically diagnosed. Our experience suggests that telomerase‐positive tumor cells are highly likely to repeat cell proliferation when they are left in the patient's body, and lead to recurrence. Therefore, telomerase‐positive tumors should be clinically treated as malignant even if they have been histologically diagnosed as benign.


Capacity has to date been treated as a single value for any given facility. This paper reviews the evidence published to date that capacity is in fact a random variable, and draws out the implications of that fact for the definition and measurement of capacity, with emphasis on freeways. Attention is paid to three possible definitions of capacity: before breakdown of flow, at the time of breakdown, and during queue discharge. The authors also discuss, but do not reach consensus on, the issue of which parameter or percentile of the probability distribution is best used to define capacity.


Abstract Studsvik's approach to spent nuclear fuel analyses combines isotopic concentrations and cross-sections, calculated by the lattice physics codes, with core irradiation history data from reactor core simulator and tabulated isotopic decay data. These data sources are used and processed by the code Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) to predict spent nuclear fuel characteristics. The procedure for verification and validation of SNF is outlined in this paper which includes verification of the decay data as well as the numerical methods where they are applied into. The paper presents the applicability of SNF to analyses of spent nuclear fuel in comparisons to well established and recognized code in the spent fuel analyses field, ORIGEN, SCALE v6.2.2.


The Whin Sill and its related dykes are intruded into Carboniferous strata in the North of England. Together they form a distinct petrographical province in which basic magmatism appears to have been closely related to a single phase in the structural history of the area. The relevant stratigraphical, structural and isotopic evidence suggests to the authors that the Whin Sill suite was intruded during the Stephanian, around 295 ± 6 m.y. This conclusion is supported by twenty-one new potassium-argon age determinations accompanied by a petrographical study of the factors which cause discrepancy in isotopic results from Whin Sill rocks.


[...] withdrawals would be based on the stock of assets in the fund, which depend on contributions from all previous years. Since this stock is unlikely to change much from year to year, withdrawals from the fund would be quite stable.


This paper was based on work supported by the Center for Advanced Molecular Photovoltaics (Award No. KUS-C1-015-21), made by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). We would like to thank Professor Daniel Frisbie for providing the materials used in this work.


Attempts to solve the mysteries of neurocognitive developmental disorders have increasingly concentrated on brain-related research. In addition to a substantial growth in functional brain-imaging studies, behavioral genetic and psychophysical studies have uncovered a variety of brain-related differences between children with a developmental disorder, such as dyslexia, and typical age-mates. Molecular genetics has revealed several gene locations potentially involved in the innate aspects of dyslexia. Dyslexia may be one of the first complex neurocognitive disorders whose neural basis also shows some signs of being unfolded at the neurophysiological level. The magnocellular impairment model of dyslexia is the most salient example. These types of approaches have, however, revealed facts that stress the interindividual heterogeneity within the different diagnostic categories of developmental disorders including dyslexia. The logical key to unlock the mystery relating to heterogeneity may be to commence examinations from the earliest stages of the development of the disorders. Accordingly, longitudinal follow-up projects have been started to search for valid early predictors and to identify precursors leading to such disorders. The most ambitious approaches apply multiple follow-up measures including brain and cognition, not forgetting many other features characterizing divergent developmental pathways between typical and atypical courses. Common features of these approaches have been an increasing awareness regarding multicausality, DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, 20(2), 459–464 Copyright © 2001, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.


Adana Darülmuallimin-i ibtidaisi/Adana Primary Teachers' School, which was established in 1892, had an unproductive period until 1908 due to various reasons such as lack of teachers in terms of quantity and quality, lack of interest from the public, and economic difficulties. In this study, the period of Adana Darülmuallimin-i ibtidai between 1908 and 1918 was examined. This period was also the period of the second Constitutional Monarchy and collapse of the Ottoman Empire, and important internal and external, political and military developments emerged. In this period, since the idea that an educated society would save the State was widespread among statesmen, education was desired to be improved in all respects. For this purpose, while new Darülmuallimins were opened, the existing Darülmuallimins were reformed in terms of education, staff and system. The new practices of Satı Bey in Istanbul Darülmuallimin were tried to be extended to the countryside. Legal regulations for new applications have not been neglected. In this context, Adana Darülmuallimin-i ibtidai was also reformed. However, since this period was the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the Tripoli, Balkan and First World Wars that emerged were reflected in the Adana Darülmuallimin-i ibtidai. Some of the students and teachers coming from the lost lands were sent to Adana Darülmuallimin. In this study, the reform works of the period and how the wars affected Adana Darülmuallimin-i ibtidai were examined, especially based on archival documents. Events have been historically examined in a cause-effect relationship.


The overriding goal of the present paper is to provide a critical evaluation of the compatibility criteria for investment aid to airports in the light of the 2014 Aviation Guidelines. The subject matter will be analysed with reference to relevant Commission's decisions, as well as European jurisprudence. Special attention will be paid to the responses given by the participants of the consultations on the draft guidelines. It will be shown that they had a significant impact on the final version of the new guidelines. The main shortcoming of the compatibility criteria will be indicated. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the conditions for investment aid to airports do not seem to take sufficient account of the market realities of the aviation sector, namely the fact that airport infrastructure is highly subsidised in other parts of the world. Moreover, it is the author's contention that the order of the assessment of the compatibility conditions should be modified. Therefore, a proposition for a new approach in this regard will be presented.


We discuss potential merits and the parameter range of interest for a possible crab-waist collision scheme at the LHC, and report preliminary optics studies of a local chromatic correction scheme with flat beams (βx*>> βy*), which could boost the LHC luminosity by about an order of magnitude and would also allow for crab-waist collisions.


half of the twentieth century. If Reay's study has one major limitation, it may be the somewhat selective range of voices that make their way into the book. This is not to say that Reay's archive is thin; quite the opposite, in fact. But it is to say that we end up hearing considerably more from some of the men who participated in the culture of mid-twentieth-century hustling than others. For example, the hustlers themselves speak far less often than they are spoken about – by journalists, by mid-century scholars and, most of all, by Thomas Painter, the man whose extensive collection of papers, photographs and correspondence with Alfred Kinsey serves as an evidentiary foundation for the book. On the upside we do hear a great deal from the gay men who paid hustlers for sex – although even on this front it would be difficult to classify the majority of Reay's key informants as 'typical' Johns. In fact, a complete list of them reads a bit like an honour roll of the twentieth century's most important male artists, authors and playwrights. But this kind of imbalance has more to do with the shape of the archive than anything else. Moreover, Reay is hardly alone among historians of gender and sexuality in leaning heavily upon the richly detailed accounts of late night city life that members of the metropolitan avant-garde have tended to leave behind. In any case, the well-written, richly illustrated book that has emerged from his careful engagement with these materials is truly original and definitely worth reading – in sum, an important addition to our understanding of the history of sexuality and masculinity in the twentieth-century United States.


Traditionally, posthypnotic amnesia has been construed as a subjectively compelling deficit in memory retrieval. Alternatively, it may represent a motivated failure to utilize appropriate retrieval cues, lack of effort in recall, active suppression of memory, or unwillingness to verbalize the critical material. In an effort to test the alternative hypothesis of amnesia, 488 subjects were presented with four kinds of instructions designed to overcome the effects of suggested posthypnotic amnesia. The instructions particularly affected subjects of low and moderate hypnotizability who failed the criterion for amnesia. For those of moderate and high hypnotizability who met the criterion for amnesia, however, explicit requests for temporal organization, exhortations to maximize recall, and demands for honesty in reporting produced no greater effect on memory than did a simple retest. These results place some boundaries on both the traditional and alternative views of posthypnotic amnesia and invite further exploration of both cognitive and contextual models of the phenomenon.


The present study was conducted to investigate genetic effects in cell mediated immunity in resistance to Marek's disease (MD), using the method of thymectomy and thymus transplantation. Chicks from the GVHR-HA and GVHR-LA lines selected for high and low competences in graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) were thymectomized and some of them were mutually transplanted with the other line's thymus. The chicks were inoculated with the JV strain of MD virus. MD incidence and MD mortality were compared among three groups ; control, thymectomized and thymus transplanted. The HA line seemed to be more resistant to MD than the LA line. In the thymectomized groups, MD mortality increased in the HA line and decreased in the LA line. Mean days at MD incidence and MD death also showed the similar trend. In the thymus transplantation groups, significant increase in mortality was observed in the HA line which received thymus transplants from the LA line, while a non significant increase was also observed in the LA line received the HA thymus. Similar trend was also observed on the mean days at MD death. It was suggested that MD susceptibility might be transferred by thymus grafting.


The U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Standoff Technology Integration and Demonstration Program is designed to accelerate the development and integration of technologies, concepts of operations, and training to defeat explosives attacks at large public events and mass transit facilities. The program will address threats posed by suicide bombers, vehicle-borne improvised explosive devices, and leave-behind bombs. The program is focused on developing and testing explosives countermeasure architectures using commercial off-the-shelf and near-commercial standoff and remotely operated detection technologies in prototypic operational environments. An important part of the program is the integration of multiple technologies and systems to protect against a wider range of threats, improve countermeasure performance, increase the distance from the venue at which screening is conducted, and reduce staffing requirements. The program will routinely conduct tests in public venues involving successively more advanced technology, higher levels of system integration, and more complex scenarios. This paper describes the initial field test of an integrated countermeasure system that included infrared, millimeter-wave, and video analytics technologies for detecting person-borne improvised explosive devices at a public arena. The test results are being used to develop a concept for the next generation of integrated countermeasures, to refine technical and operational requirements for architectures and technologies, and engage industry and academia in solution development.


The radioactivity investigation of three pumped storage power stations that are under the construction in the Pearl River Delta is based on the standards of monitoring and evaluation of radioactivity.The estimation of the effective dose of environmental radioactivity on the workers in the geologic exploration holes of pumped storage power stations is made by the measurements and analyses of the air absorption dosage rate of the ambient radiation.The radon concentration indicates that radon is the major factor of radioactive pollution and the radioprotection is necessary.This paper puts forwards some measures that can solve the problems.


In this paper, we use the biology of pain and Augustinian insights into the relationship between physical and spiritual death to give a defense of the Fall. If we think of pain as, biologically, a limiting system but one that interacts with advanced rationality in such a way as to create a new experience of one's biological limits, then one can use Augustine's treatment of our experience of physical death as both a consequence and a symbolic check on our moral and spiritual condition to give an account of the Fall that is consistent with evolutionary theory.


A Smith predictor (SP) neuron based controller for large time-delay system is proposed in this paper. In this combined method, the neuron is used to self-tune the PID controller so the optimal parameters can be obtained, and the SP is going to compensate the large time-delay that is generally associate with different process. The scheme has been simulated on a plant model. Simulation results demonstrate that the controller has enhanced the response speed and robustness


During the latter stages of the reactive powder concrete maintenance,it is important for the maintenance of the reactive powder concrete to control temperature.According to RPC product steam curing process requirements,applied the Siemens S7-300 PLC and MCGS configuration combined control scheme.In the process of maintenance,the application of the fuzzy PID control algorithm for RPC steam curing precise controls the process.At the same time,the application MCGS configuration software to realize the process of production of site monitoring,process modification,report output,and other functions.After the test,the system has reached the design requirement.


In this paper, a strong halogen bond (XB) donor (iodine) and photoinduced electron transfer (PET) molecule (ciprofloxacin, Cip) were selected with the objective to investigate halogen bonding under weakly alkaline conditions. A series of experimental characterization techniques was employed to elucidate the interaction mechanism of the XB, in combination with theoretical calculations. It is found that new UV-Vis absorption peaks and the fluorescence enhancement with the mixing of Cip and iodine are attributed to the disruption of the PET charge separation process through the halogen bonding interaction. The 2 : 1 stoichiometry of the XB complex (I2 : Cip) was attested using a modified Benesi–Hildebrand method. 1H NMR spectra showed that the iodine molecule can interact with three nitrogen atoms of Cip to form three XBs. FT-IR spectra indicated that the nitrogen atom of the imino group is the preferential interaction site of the XB. Notably, direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry (DART-MS) gave a distinct quasi-molecular ion of the supramolecular complex (Cip + I) in solution. Meanwhile, density functional theory (DFT), taking into account the dispersion energy, revealed that the formation of an I⋯N XB not only disrupts the PET charge separation process of Cip to enhance fluorescence but also induces the cleavage of an iodine molecule (I–I) to produce a triiodine anion (I3−) XB. This explained why I3− was observed in UV-Vis and DART-MS as well as in the crystal, and how the fourth iodine atom involved in the self-assembly of the XB existed stably. Moreover, a developed optosensor based on halogen bonding has been successfully used to analyze commercial Cip·HCl capsules, suggesting the potential applicability of halogen bonding in real pharmaceutical analyses.


Liliya R. Chernyakhovskaya - Professor, Department of Technical Cybernetics, Ufa State Aviation Technical UniversityAddress: 12, Karl Marx Street, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450008, Russian FederationE-mail: email@example.com F. Galiullina - Doctoral Student, Department of Technical Cybernetics, Ufa State Aviation Technical UniversityAddress: 12, Karl Marx Street, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450008, Russian FederationE-mail: email@example.com This article describes the requirements for a decision support system which is designed to assess the quality of public services. Requirements for a decision support system are used as a starting point at its design stage and determine the functions of the developed system without showing the mechanism of its implementation. At the same time, the requirements serve as constraints in the process of system development. The set of the developed requirements for the decision support system includes basic, functional, non-functional and economic requirements. We propose to use the ontological approach in the development of requirements for the system. This allows us to solve a number of problems arising from the description of the requirements in natural language: the lack of exposition clarity, misrepresentation of the requirements and so on. The ontological model allows developers to interpret the requirements in the same way, to structure the specification of requirements for the system and to eliminate blurring in their definitions. Ontological representation of knowledge about requirements for the developed system and about the system providing public services in general is used for the semantic integration of existing information resources, appropriate interpretation of the content of text documents and search queries presented in a natural language. The developed ontology improves the quality of user (stakeholder) interaction during the system operation. In addition, it includes rules for term combination to provide reliable assertions on the state of the decision support system.[1] This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 14-08-97023 "Intellectual support of managing decision-making in innovative projects relying on knowledge processing and mathematical modeling"


Recent research into the structure of public attitudes suggests that levels of "constraint" in the mass public increased substantially between 1956 and 1964, largely in response to the ideological nature of the 1964 presidential election. This article examines the validity of this interpretation. It suggests that constraint in the mass public probably did not increase very much between 1956 and 1972 but that reported changes were due instead to changes in the survey items used to measure constraint. Some implications of this view are then considered.


Recall that a random field X(t1 ,t2) = X(t) over R2 is called hornogenous when its mean value (X(t)) = in (1) is a constant, while its core1ation function (X(t1),X(t2)) = B(t1,t2) depends only on the vector 'r t1 — t2, whence B(t1,t2) = B(ti — t2) (2) Absolute precision would require that a random field satisfying (1) and (2) be referred to as a widesense homogeneous random field, since it is not difficult to define strictly homogeneous random fields, which are coiiceptually related to the usual strictly stationary random process[1]. In the following, the term homogeneous field should be taken to mean wide-sense homogeneous field. Sometimes, imaging literature will interchange the terms stationary and homogeneous[2]. This is unfortunate but unavoidable in an imaging context.


Summary. Purpose. Having based on the determination of the degree of effectiveness and information content of the diagnostic methods for traumatic injuries of the spleen, to analyze the results of the instrumental diagnostic methods to create an algorithm for diagnostic and treatment tactics.
Materials and methods: 355 victims were hospitalized with traumatic injuries of the spleen. Of these, physical and laboratory diagnostic methods were used in 100 % of cases, laparoscopy — 245 patients (69 %), laparocentesis — 21 (6 %), laparotomy —- 75 (21 %), ultrasound — 199 (56 %), x-ray — 67 (19 %), CT — 7 (2 %).
Research results and discussion.The most informative diagnostic method is laparotomy. Of minimally invasive methods — laparoscopy, and of non-invasive methods — ultrasound.
Conclusions. For successful recognition of spleen damage, it is necessary to use complex examination methods, depending on the indication developed for them, that significantly reduces the duration of the diagnostic phase.


In this work, we demonstrate the alpha prototype for a wearable air quality sensor system. This system will be used to create precise, high-resolution maps of the environment to help individuals with respiratory disease track their response to pollutants, determine when to pre-medicate, or avoid areas with poor air quality altogether. The data from such a map will provide improved accuracy over the single air quality index value provided for large metropolitan areas. We provide data from continuous monitoring over several locations to demonstrate the difference that can be observed within a small geographic area.


A new method for high level fault modeling to improve the test generation for the control parts of digital systems was proposed. We developed a new high-level functional fault model based on High-Level Decision Diagrams (HLDD). It allows uniform handling of possible defects in different control functions related to instruction decoding, data addressing, and data manipulation. It was shown how the proposed high-level fault model can be mapped on the low-level faults of a joint class of stuck-at faults (SAF), conditional SAF and bridging faults. We proposed uniform procedures for high-level fault activation as a graph traversing procedure on HLDDs related to selection of control signals, and for fault propagation as a task of solving data constraints without using implementation details. Experimental results demonstrated that combining both, high-level control fault reasoning and low-level test generation for data part of a system can help to achieve higher fault coverage and detection of redundant faults than using low-level test generation approach alone.


Calvin's theological argumentation was shaped by the conviction of humanistic rhetoric that doctrina cannot be developed without its applicatio. As far as content is concerned, focussing on the soteriological and ethical consequences of the meaning of Christ corresponded to this. The new challenges in the confessional era led to characteristic changes in theologians' work in the second half of the sixteenth century. The concept of 'theologia', which Calvin regarded as problematic, experienced a revival.


The invention discloses a device for a thin film deposition technology. The device comprises a casing, a porous spray header, a first guide blade, a second guide blade and a lifting seat, wherein the porous spray header is arranged in the casing and partitions the interior of the casing into a first cavity positioned above the porous spray header and a second cavity positioned below the porous spray header; the first guide blade is rotatably arranged at the upper part in the first cavity; the second guide blade is arranged in the first cavity and is close to the porous spray header; the second guide blade can rotate in the vertical direction. According to the device for the thin film deposition technology, as the first guide blade and the second guide blade are additionally arranged in the casing, fluid entering into the first cavity passes through the first guide blade and the second guide blade sequentially, and after two-time gas mixing and speed adjusting, the fluid flows out of the first cavity from the porous spray header through holes of the spray header at a predetermined speed and in the predetermined direction, and enters into the second cavity, so that the uniformity of the fluid flow on the surface of wafers is improved, and the deposition rate is increased.


The kinetics of the addition of morpholine or pyrrolidine to olefins activated by various electron-attracting groups have been measured. From the kinetic data the following reactivity order for X in compounds CH2CHX has been derived: PhCO > SO3Ph > CHO > MeCO > CO2Ph > p-Me·C6H4·SO2 > CO2Me > CN > CONH2 > PO(OEt)2 > p-NO2·C6H4. This order is mainly determined by the activation enthalpies. Reactivity orders in several reactions from the literature are compared, the factors governing them are discussed, and an extended reactivity scale is suggested. It is suggested that pKa values of the corresponding CH3X compounds can serve as a reasonable basis for reactivity comparisons, and a linear relationship between log k and pKa was found.


Designing an effective and uniform framework to meliorate tracking performance is very meaningful and essential. However, existing methods merely focus on single positive and negative instances corresponding to the exemplar, thoroughly ignoring the effective information hidden in other instances. To tackle this issue, in this paper, we present an informative enhanced loss based Siamese tracking network. Specifically, we introduce an informative enhanced loss to enable the network to capture information from an overall perspective. In other words, we construct dense connections among instances and exemplar. More importantly, we prove that our proposed loss can be transformed into the logistic loss and the triplet loss under particular parameter settings. Experiments on prevalent benchmarks demonstrate that the Siamese frameworks trained with our proposed loss indeed obtain better tracking results than original ones, and achieve promising performance against several state-of-the-art trackers on the real-time challenge.


Abstract In this paper a radioecological model for tritium transfer in a grassland ecosystem developed on an hourly time-step basis is proposed and compared with the first data set obtained in the vicinity of the AREVA NC reprocessing plant of La Hague (France).


The paper explores international experience in respect to schoolleaving examinations and selection for higher education. Then it describes the system ofschoolleaving examinations and university access in South Africa. The experience of a more open and liberal selection policy at the University of the Western Cape is then discussed. It concludes with an analysis of some of the dilemmas facing universities in South Africa committed to redress and equity in the period of transition to democracy.


This paper presents the outcomes of an experimental analysis carried out to study the effect of micro-sized metal powders, when they are mixed to the dielectric fluid, during Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) of different steels. The work piece material, peak current, pulse on time, duty factor, gap voltage and mixing of fine metal powders(copper and aluminium) in dielectric fluid are taken as process input parameters. Material removal rate and Surface Roughness are taken as output parameters to measure the process efficiency. A newly designed experimental set up has been used to perform the task. Taguchi design of experiments is used to conduct experiments. The achieved results of this work indicate that the addition of fine metal powders in dielectric increases the material removal rate and reduces the surface roughness.


This book is a compendium of science, philosophy, politics, the power of press publicity, and the opinions of the author regarding the interactions of these factors on the development of preventive medicine in general and on the fight to eradicate infantile paralysis in particular. The first part of the volume beginning with the story of Jenner and smallpox vaccination is at once delightful and thought provoking. Part two may be said to embrace an account of the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, its March of Dimes, and its Basil O'Connor. The account tells of the great discovery by John Enders and his colleagues of a method of growing the virus of poliomyelitis in tissue culture and of utilization of the method by Jonas Salk to produce a formaldehyde-killed-virus vaccine against the disease. One captures again the fanfare of the times and the temporarily sobering influence of the Cutter disaster. Only


AbstractMasculinity and femininity are synonymous with stereotypes created by society and culture in general. The values contained in masculine and feminine can be seen with an open and conceptual mind. This study aims to determine the classification of masculinity and femininity and the representation of values displayed in Juno's masculinity and femininity according to Bem's perspective.This study uses a qualitative research type with the theory of BSRI (Bem Sex Role Inventory) as an indicator of data collection and the theory of semiotics of Charles Sanders Pierce as a method of data analysis. And, using the opinion of Sachiko Murata as a supporting theory. The data collection technique used is documentation by analyzing text, audio and visuals.mThe results of the study found that there are 15 masculinity personalities of Juno's character from 20 personalities according to Bem's theory, and 17 feminity personalities from 20 personalities according to Bem's theory. Classification of masculine and feminine according to Bem's theory, traditionally, Juno is considered a feminine man, so that the representation of Juno's masculinity and femininity values has a negatif self-adjustment. And non-traditionally, Juno is considered a masculine and feminine man, so that the representation of Juno's masculinity and femininity values has positive and negatif adjustments.Keywords: Masculine, Feminine, Values.


The incidence of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) viraemia and lymphoproliferative disease (LPD) was studied in a consecutive cohort of 128 paediatric patients undergoing stem cell transplantation (SCT) with reduced‐intensity conditioning (RIC; n = 65) or conventional‐intensity conditioning (CIC; n = 68). Following CIC, six of 68 (8%) developed viraemia; all remained asymptomatic. EBV viraemia (23 of 65 patients = 35%, P < 0·001) and LPD (10 of 65 = 15%, P < 0·001) were significantly more frequent following RIC. Of the 23 RIC patients who developed viraemia, eight remained asymptomatic, five had symptomatic viraemia (fever ± rash), and 10 patients developed LPD, two of whom died. An absolute lymphocyte count of <0·3 × 109/l at the time of onset of viraemia was strongly predictive of development of LPD (P < 0·05) in this group. The incidence of viraemia was significantly higher in patients receiving serotherapy with antithymocyte globulin (ATG; 15 of 43, 35%) than Campath (12 of 73, 16·4%, P < 0·05). Primary immunodeficiency and acute graft‐versus‐host disease were associated with EBV viraemia in univariate analysis, but were not independent risk factors. In conclusion, EBV viraemia and LPD appear to be significantly more common in children following RIC SCT, particularly with selective depletion of recipient T cells relative to B cells following the use of ATG. This probably reflects the profound immunosuppression following RIC SCT, together with the incomplete ablation of recipient‐derived B cells.


This paper aims to survey Hans-Georg Gadamer's ontology of artworks show limits of modern scientific methodology. The main argument is "the experience of art is the very experience that uncovers the essence of the experience of truth." And this is principal theme in Truth and Method(Wahrheit und M...


Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic, autoimmune condition that attacks anagen hair follicles, causing sudden hair loss, resulting in circular bald patches. The disorder may be developed in both adults as well as children and the prevalence of the same is approximated to be 1 in every 1000 people, putting around 2% of the broad population at a risk of developing this disease at some point in their lives. Existing techniques to assess the disorder are heavily supported by naked-eye examination and thus have demonstrated nominal accuracy. In recent years, Machine Learning has paved the way for enhanced diagnosis of diseases in various fields of healthcare, including Dermatology. This study postulates a significant role of computer-aided diagnosis of AA to equip medical practitioners with a more accurate form of prediction and classification. Our proposed framework is in relevance to the categorization of healthy hair and hair with symptoms that indicate AA. For the dataset, a 1000 images of healthy hair were collected via web scraping and the Figaro1k dataset. Over 500 AA images were web scraped along with some of the same from the Dermnet dataset. To improve the dataset further, the images were preprocessed by performing image enhancement, segmentation and data augmentation. This study aims to elevate the quality of diagnosis carried out for accurate prediction of Alopecia areata in the field of Dermatology by conducting a comparative study for classification by implementing SVM, KNN, Random Forest Classifier, Gaussian Naive Bayes and CNN algorithms which gave 85%, 78%, 88%, 80% and 92% accuracy respectively.


To detect the scale qualities of stock market time series,we apply Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis(MF-DFA) to WMT index daily closing quotation.The research results show the change of WMT index daily closing quotation has multifractal properties.The generalized hurst exponent obviously depends on the order of fluctuate function and changes with it;The curve of scaling function clearly departs from a straight line,i.e.it shows clearly nonlinear property;The multifractal spectrum displays the commonly observed bell shape.This will provide an important theoretic foundation for reseaching multifractality in theory of finance.


: This paper introduces utilizing of biomass for production of cool. Two different thermal systems are considered as sources of a driving thermal energy, namely burning and gasification of biomass. Burning of biomass produces a hot water or steam used as a driving heat source for an absorption cycle. The mixture of water and LiBr is considered as an appropriate working medium in absorption systems. Different parameters of the absorption system were tested and compared. Gasification in an atmospheric fluidized bed reactor connected with a trigeneration unit is considered as another thermal system utilizing primary energy of biomass. The system enables to use together an absorption cooling cycle and a vapor-compressor cooling cycle. Efficiency of both systems are calculated and compared. Parameters of the gasification process were derived from measurements carried out on the experimental gasifier at the Brno University of Technology.


Utilized degradable data of coal-filled films from the accelerated UV chamber ageing degradation experiments, and on the basis of control factors' analysis, presented a predicting model on degradable properties of this film in photo-degradation according to back-propagation artificial neural network (BP ANN). 4 controlling factors in films degrada-tion, including temperature, the time of UV irradiation, the concentration and the type of coals were used as input parameters in the ANN model. While the degradable properties after film degradation, including the mechanical properties and carbonyl index, were used as output parameters. It was carried out by the neural network toolbox of Matlab 6.5 soft-ware and Visual Basic 6.0. Discussed partition of sample data and model's parameters, and then selected the best configuration of ANN network. The accurate scope of predicting results was analyzed. This model has a high precision in predicting on properties of the coal-filled film degradation.


Results on the development of polycrystalline III–V based devices grown by OMVPE on thin metallic foil substrates are presented. It has previously been demonstrated that device quality polycrystalline Ge suitable for OMVPE growth can be produced on metallic foils using a recrystallization process. This work reports on the development of textured metal foil substrates with low misfit grain boundary orientations designed to improve the semiconducting device parameters of the "epitaxially" deposited Ge films, the use of innovative device structures, and grain boundary passivation approaches for the polycrystalline GaAs films that are all designed to address performance issues associated with these types of solar cells. The Ge which serves as the III-V growth template could be activated and serve as the bottom junction of a conventional triple junction III-V cell design using this approach. The crystallographic, morphological, and electro-optical properties associated with these substrates and related epitaxial films will be presented. In addition, the thermal and radiation behavior, that is critical for the potential use of these devices in space, was investigated. The potential for these devices for future space development and exploration will be discussed.


A data matrix was compiled to accommodate 32 characters of vegetative and floral morphology and stem anatomy of 18 cultivars of Gossypium barbadense L., one cultivar of G. hirsutum L., and three species representing the American, African, and Arabian wild species ( G. thurberi Tod., G. anomalum Wawra & Peyr. and G. stocksii Mast., respectively). Of the 32 characters, 24 are phenetic, while eight are technological attributes defining the commercial quality of these cultivars and the potential value of the wild species. A conventional key to the 22 taxa and a description of every taxon based on the entire set of 32 characters were obtained from subjecting the data matrix to numerical analysis using the key-generating program package DELTA. The key is strictly comparative, easy to use, and leads to the full names of individual taxa. The data matrix is provided in the DELTA format. Additional wild and cultivated taxa from any part of the world can be included in the data matrix and appropriate keys and descriptions of them can be obtained.


We show that by exchanging any two independent edges in any shortest cycle of the n-cube (ngreater than or equal to3), its diameter decreases by one unit. This leads us to define a new class of n-regular graphs, denoted TQ/sub n/, with 2/sup n/ vertices and diameter n-1, which has the (n-1)-cube as subgraph. Other properties of TQ/sub n/ such as connectivity and the lengths of the disjoints paths are also investigated. Moreover, we show that the complete binary tree on 2/sup n/-1 vertices, which is not a subgraph of the n-cube, is a subgraph of TQ/sub n/. Finally, we discuss how these results can be used to enhance existing hypercube multiprocessors. 17 refs., 4 figs.


Central American countries are important producers of organic products. Their export base, however, is heavily dependent on a limited number of products (coffee, cocoa, banana, sugar), which is threatening the sustainability of this export sector. Therefore, there is an urgent need to diversify the export base and develop regional and national markets, which are continuously growing and have an interesting potential. The purpose of this study is to give an overview of the current mood and potential of the European organic and Fairtrade market, as well as Central American products.
The study has been developed for the project ECOMERCADOS, which is financed by SECO.


Europeans are proceeding with Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); a number of countries in the Americas are pursuing dollarization. Why? Conventional wisdom is that the costs are high, since members of currency unions cannot employ domestic monetary policy to smooth business cycles. More intriguingly, most economists think that the economic benefits from currency union are low. We argue below that conventional wisdom may be wrong, since national money seems to be a significant barrier to international trade in the data. Currency unions lower these monetary barriers to trade and are thus associated with higher trade and welfare; we estimate that EMU will cause European trade to rise by over 50 percent. The benefits of trade created by currency union may swamp any costs of forgoing independent monetary policy.


Newly Developing Countries ' starts from Professor Arthur Lewis's generalization that ' unemployment appears to be associated with rising investment'. He concludes that ' modernization' must be introduced into the traditional sector of the economy so that rural transformation overtakes industrial revolution. Surplus rural income must no longer be used for urban welfare. Dr. Dandekar's paper on ' The role of small scale industry in the Indian experience ' is particularly practical, arguing against the adoption of labour-intensive and therefore necessarily technologically inferior industrialization. Dr. R. H. Green and O. D. K. Norbye expand the arguments for rural development. Since labour is abundant, Government should supply the other factors needed in production—material and intellectual tools, i.e. land, education, and man-made capital. The chapters on Education contain some interesting new suggestions, e.g. the political expediency of accepting and therefore developing ' Harambee ' schools. Education covers the largest occupational group yet it has failed to condition pupils to agriculture. As V. L. Griffiths reminded the conference, a rural curriculum for rural needs is a non-starter, since schools are regarded as the gateway to a salary. The Uganda Education Committee in its 1963 report came round to the only feasible conclusion—make the rural environment fit to live in. Meanwhile Kenya's ' New Primary Approach' makes a hopeful correction of course. Colonialism had displaced the traditional mechanisms for transmitting not only knowledge but attitudes. Adult education must be called in, for schools are only one way of producing educated persons. Peasant farming, Mr. Jon Moris claims, is a ' system' with definable educational needs to be served by Farmer Training Centres rather than by Extension Workers. In fact the modern progressive farmer's chief asset inEast Africa is managerial skill. Foreign Aid Agencies are reminded by Dr. Francis Sutton, of the Ford Foundation, that they should pay as much attention to the sociology as to the type of education. This would help Mr. K. Mwendwa, Kenya's Chief Education Officer, who wonders why foreign aid donors insist on promoting expensive centralized three-stream secondary schools. West African experience has shown that local day secondary schools meet the country's needs.


A system and a corresponding method is provided for aligning and/or tracking of an eye of a patient with reference to an ophthalmic unit for performing diagnosis and/or treatment of the eye. The system comprises means for providing a previously acquired iris code of the eye, an iris recognition unit for acquiring an iris code of the eye under investigation and a comparator for comparing the previously acquired iris code with the present iris code and to provide a comparison result. The ophthalmic unit performs said diagnosis and/or treatment of the eye when said comparison result is greater than an identification determining level.


This article analyzes Melekh Artus (King Arthur), a unique Hebrew translation of sections from the old French prose Merlin and mort Artu in the Lancelot-Grail cycle. Written in a single fragment from 1279 in northern Italy, this translation proves close Jewish engagement with old French texts. Through satirical biblical references and subtle critique of his material, the author reframes the Arthurian narrative to promote universal morals. Rather than Judaize the Arthurian canon and its Christian characters, he validates them as viable models for his Jewish audience.


North Korean nuclear arms test has shocked international communityfor the coming up of a new nuclear state Despite the United Nations sanction on nuclear arms test North Korea tried to prove herself against United States political domination on regulating the world nuclear arms However the test has raised thefear on misuse ofnuclear arms particularly among the states in the East Asia region As the result six countries United States Russia Japan China South Korea and North Korea had the idea to sit together on the negotiation table to solve the North Korean nuclear arms named six party talks Unfortunately each of the six party talk s member has different political interest in solving the problem This situation gave comfortable spacefor North Korea to develop their nuclear arms and lived the international community infear ofthe spread ofnuclear arms all over the world.


The standard Kalman filter needs exact system model,and the choosing of wavelet base and threshold in wavelet threshold de-noising is dependent on the experience.Taking the problems into consideration,we proposed a new filtering method based on Local Mean Decomposition(LMD).Random error signal was decomposed to several Production Function(PF) adaptively,and wavelet de-nosing was made to some given frequency PF that contained noises.Each PF after processing can be reconstructed to obtain the de-noised signal.The experiment shows that wavelet threshold de-noising based on LMD has obvious effect.


Seven men who were treated for hypertension with spironolactone 50 mgdaily are described. Six of the seven patients noted a painful breast lump; the seventh patient had breast enlargement without tend ernes s. Onset of noticeable enlargementor tenderness occurred 4-10 months after starting spironolactone therapy; disappearance of t~nderness and enlargement was 1-8 months after discontinuing the drug. Four of the patients experienced


The effect of the shot-peening on rolling contact fatigue of Si3N4 was investigated. Additionally we tried to clarify damage mechanism of rolling contact fatigue. By shot-peening, high compressive residual stress can be introduced near the surface. The residual stress can improve apparent fracture toughness KIC and Vickers hardness HV of Si3N4 by approximately 73% and 8%, respectively. As a result, bending strength of pre-cracked specimen was improved 27~46% by shot-peening. The delamination damage was inhibited by shot-peening, and as a result rolling contact fatigue of the Si3N4 was improved. These results are achieved by the compressive residual stress which is introduced by shot-peening. These results indicate that shot-peening is effective method to make use of ceramics as a rolling contact member.


In view of the recent development where the widespread use of antimalarial agents has contributed to selection pressure and the emergence of P. falciparum resistance to almost all existing monotherapy antimalarial drugs , Artemisinin combination based therapy (ACT) has been adopted by most endemic countries for the treatment of malaria. Artemisinin-naphthoquine (ANQ) is a relatively new ACT with a dearth of information on its activity and toxicity We therefore design this study to compare the efficacy of single dose regimen of artemisinin-naphthoquine combination ARCO® with 3 days divided doses of artemisinin-naphthoquinein P. berghei infected mice, as well as the efficacy of the known ACT like Artemether-lumefantrine (A-L), Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DPQ), and established monotherapies like artemether, (ART) and chloroquine.(CQ) BALB/c mice (n = 105) were infected with standard inoculums (1x 10 ) of Plasmodium berghei intraperitoneally. Albino mice were divided into seven groups of fifteen mice each. Group 1 (control) were infected but not treated, Group 2 were infected and treated with Chloroquine (10mg/kg) for three days. Group 3 were infected and treated with artesunate (ART) 4mg/kg for three days. Group 4 were infected and treated with Artemether-lumefantrine (A-L) 56 mg/kg, stat then after 8 hours then twice daily for the next two days. Group 5 were infected and treated Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (18mg/kg for two days and 12mg/kg for the third day). Group 6 were infected and treated with Artemisinin-naphthoquine (ANQ), 23mg/kg once daily for just one day. Group 7 were infected and treated with Artemisinin-naphthoquine combination (ANQ), 7.6mg/kg once daily for three days. All drugs were administered orally with a canula starting from the day the parasitemia was established and were subsequently monitoredfor clearance of parasitemia. Result showed that the mice infected and treated with CQ alone and ANQ once daily for three days (3CD) had a significant decrease (p<0.05) in percentage parasitaemia on days 2, when compared with day 0.while a significant decrease (p<0.05) was observed in days 3, 4 with A-L, ARTCOP,treated groups. However, in ART treated group a significant decrease was observed on days 2, and 3 followed by a resurgence and most of the animal died. Parasite infected untreated group had their parasitaemia increased with the days of infection. ANQ 3 CD had the highest mean survival time (MST) followed by CQ while ART had the least MST. PCV was rapidly restored to baseline after treatment with ARTCOP group followed by ANQ 3CD. AND CQ. All these suggested that, taking ANQ for three consecutive days at 7.3mg/kg gave a significant difference in parasiteamia clearance in mice on day 2 compared to ANQ single dose, restored PCV faster than ANQ single dose , confers a higher mean survival rate compared to ANQ taken for a single day. Key-words: Artemisinin-naphthoquine, Plasmodium berghei, antimalarial, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS ISSN 2249 – 6467 68 Volume 3 Issue 1 2013 www.earthjournals.org INTRODUCTION Malaria is a major public health problem in the world. It continues to afflict the poor nations and the poor most. Freedom from malaria is the basic right of humankind, yet malaria is among the top 10 killer diseases in the world. Annual estimates vary between 300 to 500 million clinical episodes of malaria and 1.5 to 2.7 million deaths worldwide, 90% of which occur in tropical Sahara. Outside Africa, some two-thirds of the remaining cases occur in just three countries; Brazil, India and Sri Lanka. However, malaria is exists in some 100 countries [1].In 1992, Global Malaria Control Strategy was introduced to control malaria with four basic elements e.g., early diagnosis, prompt treatment, selective and sustainable vector control and early detection of forecasting of epidemics. Though the revised malaria control strategy has been implemented in all countries of the region but however, the desired results could not be achieved. However, in 1998, Maldives has been granted Malaria free status as no indigenous cases were reported from Maldives since 1984. But in contrast, in DPR Korea, which has malaria free status, reported the malaria outbreak in its southern states bordering to South Korea in 1998. In recent years, it was reported that there had been a resurgence of interest in malaria as the immensity of the burden it imposed on poor countries in the tropics had become apparent, and as effects at control had been unsuccessful after the failure of the global eradication campaign in the 1960s [2]. This is largely due to the increasing resistance of mosquitoes to the insecticides and of malaria parasites to the drugs. P.Falciparum is now highly resistant to Chloroquine in most malaria-affected area. Resistance to sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is also widespread and has developed much more rapidly. However, despite the established resistance and ineffectiveness of these drugs, they are still being used in most malaria affected countries, which unfortunately have less than $10 per capital to spend on all aspect of health. However, Intermittent preventive treatment with sulphadoxinepyrimethamine (IPT-SP) is currently the recommended regimen for prevention of malaria in pregnancy in endemic areas [3].Plasmodium vivaxmalaria is the most geographically widespread and the second prevalent cause of malaria globally. Among 2.6 billion people are at risk of malaria infection, from 130 to 435 million [4]. 90% of these infections occur outside Africa [5]. Since then, cases of resistance have been reported from places such as Indonesia, island of Nias, in Papua and Irian[6]. To counter the threat of resistance of P. falciparum to monotherapies, and to improve treatment outcome, WHO recommends that artemisinin-based combination therapies be used for the treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria. Although the evidence base confirming the benefits of artemisinin-based combinations has grown substantially in recent years, there is still substantial geographic variability in the efficacy of available ACT options, underlining the importance of countries regularly monitoring the efficacy of the ACTs in use to ensure that the appropriate ACT option(s) is being deployed. Artemisinin derivatives have short half-life but the component combination drug with a longer duration of action, makes up for this by providing sustained activity to eliminate remaining parasite [7]. Among the combination treatments recommended by WHO for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria are artemether plus lumefantrine, artesunate plus amodiaquine , artesunate plus mefloquine artesunate plus sulfadoxineINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS ISSN 2249 – 6467 69 Volume 3 Issue 1 2013 www.earthjournals.org pyrimethamine, dihydroartemisinin plus piperaquine [8]. All artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), recommended by the World Health Organization, are 3-day regimen. A considerable level of noncompliance on ACTs has been reported from some countries this led to the formulation of a new generation ACT containing artemisinin plus naphthoquine. An oral single dose of eight tablets (400 mg of naphthoquine+1000 mg artemisinin) [9]. He use of anti-malarial drug combinations with artemisinin or with one of its derivatives is now widely recommended to overcome drug resistance in falciparum as well as vivax malaria. The fixed oral dose artemisininnaphthoquine combination (ARCOTM) manufactured by the Kunming Pharmaceuticals in China and marketed by Nigerian-German chemicals Plc in Nigeria is a newer artemisinin-based combination (ACT) therapy. However, Francis Hombhanje reported in 2009 that the drug was undergoing clinical assessment to assess the safety, efficacy and tolerability of the combination in areas of multi-drug resistance to generate preliminary baseline data in adult population of Papua New Guinea [10]. However, the World health organisation had stipulated a three days therapy for malaria treatment with artemisinin derivatives, few studies have separately describe the safety, efficacy and tolerability of Artemisinin plus naphthoquine combination in adult of Papua new Guinea with few therapeutical failure seen in few patients [10] whileEmilanaTjitra et al [11]carried out a study on the efficacy and safety of artemisinin naphthoquine versus dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine in adult patients with uncomplicated malaria in Indonesia. Most recent Published studies by Battykt et al [12] looked at the pharmacokinetic study of Artemisinin plus Napthoquine therapy for uncomplicated paediatric malaria in 2012. No studies on the impact or effect of dose regmen of Artemisinin plus Napthoquine on malaria treatment has ever been published. Furthermore there has never been any published studies comparing the efficacy and effect of the different dosage regmen of Artemisinin plus napthoquine with Artemether-lumenfantrine, Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine , Chloroquine, artemether on malaria treatment in human, mice or rat infected with Plasmodium berghei. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY Experimental Animals One hundred and five BALB/c mice were used and each animal weighed between 2025 grams. The animals were obtained from the animal house of Institute of Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. The animals were housed in well-aerated cages, fed with standard mouse cubes and supplied with clean drinking water ad libitum. Parasite and standard inoculation Plasmodium berghei, donated by Malaria Reference Reagent Resource Center to a drug research unit laboratory was obtained from the animal house of Institute of Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Parasites were maintained through serial blood passage in mice wherein the mice previously infected with p. berghei and with high parasitemia level ser


Permanent mandibular first molars usually have a mesial root and a distal root and three root canals, but variations in the number of roots and in canal morphology are not uncommon. The additional third root in permanent mandibular first molar variants that have three roots is typically distributed lingually. Herein, we report on a 20-year-old Chinese female who presented with a separated K3 nickel-titanium instrument in the distolingual root canal of her left mandibular first molar. We removed the nickel-titanium fragment using several ultrasonic tips under a dental operating microscope. The root canals were cleaned and shaped thoroughly and then obturated by a warmed gutta-percha compaction method. At 4-month follow-up, the patient was free of symptoms.


Although case‐based reasoning (CBR) was introduced as an alternative to rule‐based reasoning (RBR), there is a growing interest in integrating it with other reasoning paradigms, including RBR. New hybrid approaches are being piloted to achieve new synergies and improve problem‐solving capabilities. In our approach to integration, CBR is used to satisfy multiple numeric constraints, and RBR allows the performance of "what if" analysis needed for creative design.


Abstract : The grant was used to purchase, construct, and install necessary instrumentation to implement Hexapole focusing of laser prepared vibrationally excited molecules. It consists of three differentially pumped chamber, for: (1) state preparation, (2) hexapole filtering and (3) detection. In addition two Yag-pumped dye laser systems were purchased from Spectra-Physics and Sirah, which allow stimulated emission pumping to prepare highly vibrationally excited states of molecules. We have also dedicated another existing Yag-pumped dye laser system to the project for REMPI and LIF detection of the focused molecules


Sedimentary rocks are one component of the modern threefold classification of rocks. They derive from the lithification of sediments, which are produced in basically two ways: by the mechanical deposition of grains derived from the alteration of other rocks (detrital or clastic rocks), or as chemical precipitates or grains formed organically or inorganically from an aqueous solution. The whole process of sedimentation is generally considered to comprise weathering of the parent rock, the transport of grains or ions in solution, and deposition or precipitation. The origin of sediments is thus an exogenic process, and is strongly influenced by climate, and in most cases also by biological processes. Sediment deposition normally happens in local depressions called "sedimentary basins," the most significant being the marine basins. Lithification takes place during burial through a series of transformations called "diagenesis."


Conventional paraphrase identification (PI) models based on deep learning usually focus on text representation and ignore the mining and matching of multi-granular interaction features. In addition, supervised learning relies on a large labeled data. However, labeled training set for PI is small in comparison with the high complexity of the task. To solve the problems, we propose a semi-supervised deep learning framework for PI. We use a neural encoder with word-by-word attention mechanism to reason equivalence or contradiction over pairs of words, phrases and sentences. We employ a two-stage training procedure. First, we use a language modeling objective to learn the initial parameters on the unlabeled corpora of more than one million pairs of sentences. This is followed by a supervised training, where we adapt these parameters to a specific classification task with labeled data. Experimental results on MRPC (Microsoft Research Paraphrase Corpus) and SICK (Sentences Involving Compositional Knowledge) datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. Compared with the previous neural network models, we achieve absolute improvements in accuracy of 7.6% and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$F1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 5.4% on MRPC, Pearson's <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$r$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 4.5% and Spearman's <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho $ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 5.1% on SICK.


Abstract: Global Data Change allows for batch reviewing and editing of MARC records that are already saved in your catalog. This session will provide an overview and demonstration of the relatively new Global Data Change Voyager 8.0 client, including a description of GDC workflow as well as a few best practices and tips used by the University of Kentucky Libraries.


Many-body approaches for atomic nuclei generally rely on a basis expansion of the nuclear states, interactions, and current operators. In this work, we derive the representation of the magnetic dipole operator in plane-wave and harmonic-oscillator basis states, as needed for Faddeev calculations of few-body systems or many-body calculations within, e.g., the no-core shell model, the in-medium renormalization group, coupled-cluster theory, or the nuclear shell model. We focus in particular on the next-to-leading-order two-body contributions derived from chiral effective field theory. We provide detailed benchmarks and also comparisons with quantum Monte Carlo results for three-body systems. The derived operator matrix elements represent the basic input for studying magnetic properties of atomic nuclei based on chiral effective field theory.


The article discusses the millet system in the Ottoman Empire, which allowed non-Muslim subjects to protect and develop their culture, traditions, language and religion, accepting the absolute power of the sultan. The paper aims to analyse whether the millet system's model or some of its elements could promote a balance of power or interests in multi-ethnic and multi-religious societies of the Middle East.


The incidence and severity of retinal haemorrhage were examined in 976 babies born by vaginal delivery. The influence of the method of analgesia, instrumental delivery and parity was studied. The mothers of 638 infants received extradural analgesia, while the other 338 received either narcotics or no analgesia. Extradural analgesia did not lead to a higher incidence of retinal haemorrhage, even though the number of vacuum extractions was doubled. With increasing parity, the total frequency and the frequency of severe retinal haemorrhage decreased (P


Since Philippe Pinel first removed the shackles in the Bicêtre hospital in Paris during the 1790s, it has been fashionable to talk of freedom within psychiatric care. Beyond the fashionable talk, how realistic is it to expect and even facilitate true patient autonomy and responsibility in PICUs? There are obvious potential problems including severity of illness, individual capacity and safety issues. Arguably, the biggest barriers are the expectations of staff and patients themselves.


There has been speculation that river networks are fractals on Loess Plateau.The fractal dimension of networks,d, is derived here from the Horton's lows of network composition. We analyses that channel networks determine their fractal structure and find that the networks as a whole ,although composed of nearly members,is practically space filling with fractal dimension near 2.Statistical analyese find empirical relationships of geometric target .It is turn out that self similarity of river drainage basins is characterized by self similar dimension on Loess Plateau.


Increased knowledge of the world's largely unknown biodiversity is essential for its preservation, particularly in tropical areas that have been little studied, and there is also a similar great need for information on natural enemies of plant feeding insects that contribute to biological control, and which are essential for sustainable ecosystems. In this study two new species of Diadiplosis from the State of Espirito Santo, Brazil, are described and illustrated: Diadiplosis jamboi sp. n. was collected in association with the scale insects Planococcus halli Ezzat and McConnell, 1956 (Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae) infesting jambo, Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston (Myrtaceae), fruit; and Diadiplosis martinsensis sp. n. was collected in association with scale insects (Pseudococcidae: Pseudococcus ) on pineapple, Ananas comosus var. comosus (Bromeliaceae), and scale insects (Coccidae and Pseudococcidae) on coffee, Coffea arabica (Rubiaceae). Little is known about the members of the genus to which Diadiplosis jamboi sp. n. and Diadiplosis martinsensis sp. n. belong, and results of the present study add to much needed knowledge of this ecologically important but little known group of insects which should stimulate greatly required additional research on this and similar species.


Extended Abstract In the international community, population aging is leading to an increase in the number of Parkinson's patients. Therefore, there is a need for effective diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. At present, when diagnosing Parkinson's disease, the medical doctor asks the Parkinson's patient for a specific movement and visually identifies the movement. The medical doctor diagnoses qualitatively by subjective and empirical judgment. However, the diagnostic results can be not consistently varied by the medical doctor's individual judgment. In addition, it is difficult to effectively manage progress and change in disease degree while the patient is treated by any medicine or remedy. Therefore, a quantitative diagnostic method that can objectively diagnose and effectively manage movement disorders in Parkinson's patients is needed. In this study, we aimed to develop methods to quantify movement disorders in Parkinson's patients using IMU acceleration sensor. The first method of this study is to quantitatively measure the specific movement of Parkinson's patients by motion tracking. In this method, a quantitative value is calculated by applying a frequency filter that can effectively extract motion characteristics to an acceleration signal measuring a specific movement of Parkinson's patients using the IMU sensor. It can calculate the amount of motion of the specific movement in three-dimensional space by performing coordinate transformation and numerical integration using frequency-filtered Euler angles and quaternions representing the rotation and direction of the movement. This method requires an algorithm that minimizes the draft error generated in the process of calculating the displacement by numerical integration of the acceleration signal. In this study, it is shown that accumulation of numerical integration error can be improved by using the Kalman filter theory and the reference point of repeated movement. The second method of this study is to extract the feature that can represent the motion characteristic from the measured acceleration signal for the specific movement and use it as a quantitative index. Feature values of Skewness, Kurtosis, Cepstrum, and Envelope detection calculated for the acceleration signal applied to the frequency filter which can effectively extract motion characteristics can be quantification indices. When we analyzed the IMU acceleration signal for normal movement and for movement assumed Parkinson's patient as an preliminary study, we found that there is a clear difference in specific frequencies associated with movement. In future studies, standardized movements to classify Parkinson's patients in cooperation with hospital medical doctors will be established. And the various quantitative index values calculated by signal processing of the acceleration measured by the IMU sensor will be correlated with the degree of disease diagnosed by medical doctors. We will apply various statistical methods including nonparametric statistical methods to derive reliable correlations.


The major challenge for language documentation in the next decade or two is what could be called the transcription challenge . This is a multilayered challenge that goes far beyond the practical challenge of speeding up the transcription process. Transcription, as practiced in language documentation, involves languagemaking and changes the language ecology. Despite its centrality to language documentation, transcription remains critically undertheorized and understudied. Further progress in language documentation, and ultimately also its overall success, crucially depends on further investigating and understanding the transcription process, broadly conceived.


In this issue of Case Reports, Cifuentes-Cifuentes et al. (1) describe a case of congenital syphilis (CS) in a newborn resulting from the first pregnancy of a woman who, despite having been diagnosed with syphilis through serological tests four years earlier, had not received treatment.


In order to make survey of geographical distribution of polyploids in the Aster ageratoides subsp. leiophyllus group ln the Kanto District and sur- rounding area, 33 localities having 233 individuals were studied karyologlCally. They were collected from 22 localities of the northwestern reglOn and four of the southwestern reglOn Of the Chubu District and seven of the western region of the Tohoku District, beyond the Kanto District(Table 1 and Fig. 2). In the 28 locali- ties of the Tohoku District and of the Chubu District closing to the Tohoku District, the tetraploids were confirmed. For the first time four pentaploids were found in Sado Island (12MR). The aneuploids by adition of B-chromosomes varried in number from one to six were found in them. Diploids and hexaploids were also found in two and one localities, respectively. And in the rest two the coexlstances with diploids, tetraploids and hexaploids, and with tetraploids and hexploids were found. The polymorphism of the L2E-cbromosomes was studied in the tetraploids and the six types were detected. Of the six types, the Ⅱ1a was pre- dominant (74.3%) and the Ⅱ2a the second highest (21.3%) likewise in the tetraploids studied before. A tetraploid hybrid plant(2n-36-27L+9S) between the tetraploid var. leiophyllus and subsp. ouatus was found for might indicate the gene flow between the tetraploid and subsp. This is the fourth of a series of paper dealing with polyploids and their geographical distribution of As£er the first time. This


The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the FRIENDS programme - a ten week
cognitive behavioural intervention for anxiety in children - on anxiety, negative selfstatements
and coping strategies. The study took place in a large county within the south of
England. Five schools agreed to participate in the study and parental and child consent was
obtained for 83 participants. The children included in the study were aged between 9 and
10 years of age.
The study utilised a quasi-experimental design incorporating an experimental and wait-list
control group and pre- and post-test measures. The measures consisted of self-report
questionnaires which were used to record changes in anxiety, use of negative selfstatements
and coping strategies.
The findings showed the intervention was effective in increasing the use of approach coping
strategies in children, although there was no significant reduction in avoidant coping
strategies, as hypothesised. However, the expected reduction in anxiety was not evidenced.
Furthermore, the intervention was found to significantly increase the self-reported use of
negative self-statements.
These findings are then discussed in relation to previous literature in the field and the
implications for professional practice and recommendations for future research are then
noted. It is concluded that, until the long term effects of this programme on negative selfstatements
and coping are known, the results from this study can not be used to support the
recommended use of the FRIENDS programme in schools. Further research is therefore
needed to ascertain the long term impact of the programme on negative self-statements
and coping. Further research can also usefully investigate the relationships between
negative self-statements and anxiety and also coping and anxiety.


Protection against the expulsion of EU citizens and their family members is enshrined in Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States amending Regulation (EEC) no. 1612/68 and repealing Directives 64/221/EEC,68/360/EEC, 72/194/EEC, 73/148/EEC, 75/34/ EEC, 75/35/EEC, 90/364/EEC, 90/365/EEC and 93/96/EEC2. This regulation lays down the conditions governing the exercise of the right of free movement and residence within the territory of Member States by EU citizens and their family members, the right of permanent residence in the territory of the Member States for EU citizens and their family members, and protection against expulsion. The Directive applies to all EU citizens who move to or reside in a Member State other than that of which they are a national, and to their family members who "accompany or join" them. However, it should be noted that EU citizens are entitled to protection against expulsion guaranteed under the international human rights treaties, as applicable to the territories of the Member States of the European Union.3 All EU Member States are members of the Council of Europe. Therefore, States Parties to the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) no longer enjoy absolute and uncontrolled discretion in


Recent data for the slope of the EMC-ratio in the intermediate $x$-region for {\em light} nuclei, with $3 \leq A \leq 12$, have the potential to shed new light on the origin of the EMC effect. Here we study the role of nuclear binding using the scaling variable ${\tilde y}$, best suited to take into account this effect, and the understanding of the average nucleon removal energies, $\bar{E}$, provided by state-of-the-art calculations based on nuclear many body theory. We find an excellent correlation between the new EMC data at $x \sim 0.5$ and $\bar{E}$ for nuclei with $A$ from 3 to $\infty$, indicating that in this $x$ region binding is an important ingredient to explain the EMC effect. The role played by nucleon-nucleon correlations in this context is also discussed.


Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) free β‐subunit levels were determined in 709 control and 13 Down syndrome urine samples from the second trimester of pregnancy. Results were normalized to urine creatinine concentration and converted to multiples of the unaffected pregnancy medium (MOM). The concentration of free β‐subunit in Down syndrome cases was 3·9 MOM. Seven of 13 Down syndrome pregnancies (54 per cent) had free β‐subunit levels at or above the 95th centile of unaffected pregnancies. Urine free β‐subunit may potentially be useful as a screening test for Down syndrome. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Abū Sahl Ibn Nawbaḫt, the author of the account, was an astrologer in the early ʿAbbāsid court following in his father's footsteps. Egypt appears in three different episodes of the narrative. In the prehistoric prelude of the story, the peoples of Babylon, Egypt, and India already possess the sciences, especially astrology. The legendary history of ancient Iran as presented by sources dependent on the putative MP Xwadāy-nāmag is familiar to historians. Abū Sahl refers to the towers at Babylon built by or through giants and devils. Christian world chronicles, following the book of Genesis, explained that Nimrod "the giant" founded the Chaldaean nation with its first city of Babylon, and built the tower of Babylon with an arrogance that matched that of the antediluvian giants, to whom Nimrod was likened. Keywords:Abū Sahl Ibn Nawbaḫt; Arabic history; Babylon; Egypt; Middle Persian (MP) sources


Techniques capable of capturing variability of soil properties evolved understanding the importance for wider range of applicability in diverse ! elds. In this study, we evaluated the ability of hyperspectral data in visible (VIS) and near infrared (NIR) region for prediction of nutrient related soil properties by stepwise regression in soil samples collected from farmer's ! elds of Jalandhar, Punjab in India. The soil properties evaluated were mineralizable nitrogen (N), available phosphorous (P) and potassium (K), extractable manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), CaCO 3 , soil organic carbon (SOC), electrical conductivity (EC) and soil reaction (pH). Visible and near-infrared (350-2500 nm) re# ectance spectra of 85 processed soil samples were obtained from a portable spectroradiometer (ASD, FS3) in the laboratory conditions. Re# ectance, derived absorbance and their ! rst & second derivatives were used for model development with stepwise regression approach. Models developed using derivatives of the spectral data were able to predict some properties with a reasonably higher accuracy. R 2 values indicated that ! rst derivative of absorbance best for nitrogen and second derivative for Mn, Fe, and Zn prediction. Second derivative of re# ectance was found best for P and Cu and ! rst derivative for K prediction. The highest predictability (adjusted R 2 ) was 0.93 recorded for CaCO 3 while lowest 0.68 was obtained for N. Prediction evaluation indices (Ratio Prediction Deviation and Range Error Ratio) con! rmed that hyperspectral derived models were predicted well except Zn, Cu and pH.


Un d e r t h e S u s t a i n a b l e Development Goals (SDGs) commitment, all member states (193 countries) of the United Nations have agreed to achieve Universal Health Coverage (UHC) by 1 2030. UHC is an inspiration to enable all people to have access to health care of sufficient quality to be effective, irrespective of their ability to pay at the 1 point of service. Like many economically developing countries, Pakistan does not 2 have UHC. Low government spending on health care has been one major 3 barrier in achieving UHC.


A La Mode (1984) is an extremely eclectic work scored for synthesizers (Casio CZ101, Yamaha DX7, and TX7) and eight instruments performed here by the Philadelphiabased contemporary music group Relache. Within its 20 min, one is treated to a somewhat bumpy and, at times, incongruous tour of no less than five completely different musical idioms ranging from minimalism (in the style of Glass, Reich, et al.), to passages with a distinctly Baroque character. This attempt to embrace such a wide variety of disparate styles makes me recall the work Sinfonia (1968) by Luciano Berio. However, unlike that piece, which successfully captures a stream-ofconsciousness, parallel flowing of multiple melodic themes and forms, Rolnick's work is somehow lacking in essential lubricants that would permit all of the thematic elements to coexist, interweave, and transform seamlessly one into another. Instead, the overall result is a disjointed effect.


Anode signals of the BaF2 detectors were acquired using the Flash ADC combined with the computer system.The leading edge time distribution of the wave forms and the energy spectra of 137 Cs and 60 Co sources were obtained by off-line data analysis. α particles and γ rays were identified simply by the pulse shape discrimination.The energy resolutions of the spectra of the digital method are as equal as that of the traditional methods.


The stability constants for the copper (II) and chromium (III) ions with drugs such as salbutamol and sulphadoxine have been studied using pH-measurements in 80% (v/v) ethanol-water medium. The value of proton-lingand stability constants and metal-ligand stability constants are calculated. The stability of the chromium (III) complexes is greater than that of copper (II) complexes.


The creative industry mainly of design enterprises around Tongji University is formed by many elements as the condition of knowledge and human resource in university, the huge market demand, the unique feature of this industry, good macro environment and city environment, the development of technology and the timely support of the government etc. This creative industry is the typical industry cluster based on the knowledge and creativity and it has created a boost- Tongji economic model. In the era of knowledge economic in our country, this model is probably to be a typical new model which will enable university, industry and city to interact with each other and have further development to build an innovative country and an innovative city.


The most important tool for promoting the bank's stability and health is the establishment of a standard corporate governance structure for managing the bank's business. Redesigning the relationships between bank management, shareholders and the rest of the bank's stockholder, including the objectives, the risk and audit indices, and internal control of the bank, is recognized as the foundation of corporate governance. Good corporate governance in a bank increases productivity reduces financial risk and enhances systemic sustainability. Bad corporate governance increases the likelihood of a bank's bankruptcy and creates risks that are likely to contagion the entire banking network. In this paper, considering the importance of the corporate governance in the banking network, and issuing Central Bank circular in 2016, we will review corporate governance requirements, as well as quantify its effective indicators. To determine the corporate governance structure, we have introduced and quantified several important indicators about the board structure, internal control, and auditing of the banks. The period for the analysis of corporate governance in the banking network by indicators is 2011 to 2017. This information is extracted from financial statements or through the official website of the bank network. The results confirm that good corporate governance affects financial statement and precautionary ratios in banks.


Drug packaging material was one of the important drug parts.In recent years,lot of issues which caused by the compatibility between drugs and packaging materials arose were because of wrong selection of packaging materials.The different regulations and technical guidelines in China,USA and EU were reviewed and analyzed,which related to the compatibility study between drug and packaging materials.It hoped to provide pharmaceutical company and research institution the basic theory and technical guidelines.


This special issue proposes new ways of seeing and thinking about postcolonial intellectuals through the frame of transnational screens. For this purpose, the issue develops around the twofold notion of the intellectual as a filmmaker and the intellectual as an object of filmmaking. In particular, it focuses on the ways in which this interrelationship expands notions of postcolonial theory and practice regarding the aesthetic and political intervention of intellectuals in transnational screen culture. Many postcolonial figures have been influential not only in rethinking the ways in which representation should be conceived and theorized but also in inspiring new forms of visuality and aesthetics through their life and work. These figures include Frantz Fanon, Assia Djebar, and Stuart Hall, and others explored in this issue, such as Toni Morrison, Raoul Peck, Ai Weiwei, and Steve McQueen. The special issue also includes exclusive interviews with Ai Weiwei and Trinh T. Minh-ha, artists, intellectuals, activists, and filmmakers whose engagement with postcolonial debates, and more broadly with the politics and aesthetics of filmmaking, have contributed to a reshaping of contemporary postcolonial realities and discourses, in scholarship and the public sphere.


The article is devoted to the problem of developing future social workers' social skills (soft skills). The relevance of the study is due to the public need for training competent and competitive social workers who are able to solve various social issues in society promptly and in a team, creatively perform social tasks, have motivation for self-development and self-realization. For this purpose, such research methods as the analysis and generalization of normative, literary sources, educational and scientific programs of higher educational institutions on the investigated problem, as well as questionnaires among students of higher education at bachelor's and master's levels – future social workers – were used. We understand soft skills as social skills – skills, abilities and characteristics that allow one to be competitive and successful in professional activities. As a result of the survey conducted among students of 9 institutions of higher education, it was found out that 10 skills are the most important soft skills of future social workers: knowledge of a foreign language, an active civic and life position, analytical thinking, communication skills, the ability to inspire new ideas, time management, the ability to build an algorithm of actions to provide the necessary social assistance to people, the ability to resolve conflicts, leadership qualities and the ability to lead, work organization skills. The necessary socio-pedagogical conditions for the effective development of future social workers' soft skills at a higher education institution were defined and substantiated: the motivation and readiness of future social workers to develop soft skills necessary for successful social work; integration of the development of the complex of social skills "soft skills" in students in the process of educational work and during extracurricular practical social activities; availability and integrative implementation of various forms of "soft skills" development; use of a complex of innovative technologies and interactive methods of "soft skills" development; self-education through the involvement of students in practical social work beyond school hours. The set of factors affecting the introduction of socio-pedagogical conditions for the development of students' social skills in institutions of higher education is characterized. Integration forms, innovative technologies and methods are highlighted, which are expedient to use in the educational process of modern institutions of higher education for the effective development of future social workers' soft skills.


In the 16th Congress of the Communist Party,establishing a learning society has been integrated into the objectives of constructing an overall well-off society. This is of profound significance. In order to meet the requirements of the new situation and new tasks,we must fully understand the importance of reinforcing the construction of institutes of socialism,and endeavor to build up learning,researching and serving type of institutes of socialism.


The Air Force has been rapidly implementing new structures to provide lightweight communications systems between a theater of operations and rear bases, within the theater of operations, and to other joint Service components. The author describes the effect that the commercial sector is having on several research and development programs being pursued in support of this mission. The Department of Defence (DoD) must be prepared for conflicts that can occur anywhere in the world. As such, the commercial infrastructure must be considered as one of many building blocks for a global system capable of reaching any theater of interest. Thus, the DoD must not only develop the technologies required to extend command and control (C/sup 2/) into highly hostile environments, but must integrate these technologies with a commercial infrastructure that was designed to meet civilian market demands. This integration is discussed from three perspectives: the integration of the associated transmission fabric; the integration of military and commercial network management functions; and the seamless access to information across this global environment in a location-transparent manner. >


Introduction. Long-term vibration exposure to the human body is a risk factor for the development of occupational diseases and comorbid conditions causing, first of all, the pathology of the nervous system, as well as the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal tract and musculoskeletal systems. Pathogenetic aspects of vibration exposure at the molecular level remain open and require the search for adequate experimental animal models. The review describes experimental methods for studying vibration disease. A literature search was conducted in the databases MedLine, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, CyberLeninka and RSCI. The results of experimental studies differ due to the difference in frequencies and duration of vibration exposure. Sanitary and hygienic characteristics of workplaces of coal-mining enterprises in Kuzbass. Data are given at the levels of local and whole-body vibration at the workplaces of an underground sinker, a stope miner, and a mining machine operator. Experimental modelling of local and whole-body vibration. Experimental methods of vibration exposure to laboratory rats, mice and rabbits at the local and whole-body levels are described. The presented experimental models are as close as possible to real vibration effects in production conditions. Vibration at frequencies above 4 Hz has been shown to cause changes in the structure and functions of peripheral vessels and nerves, along with hypoxic damage of the brain, heart, kidneys, liver, and skeletal muscles. Conclusion. Experimental modelling of vibration disease makes it possible to study the organ-specific molecular mechanisms of damaging vibration exposure to the body and develop effective preventive and therapeutic measures.


We describe the resulting spatiotemporal dynamics when a homogeneous equilibrium loses stability in a spatially extended system. More precisely, we consider reaction-diffusion systems, assuming only that the reaction kinetics undergo a transcritical, saddle-node, or supercritical pitchfork bifurcation as a parameter passes through zero. We construct traveling front solutions which describe the invasion of the now-unstable state by a nearby stable state. We show that these fronts are marginally spectrally stable near the bifurcation point, which, together with recent advances in the theory of front propagation into unstable states, establishes that these fronts govern the dynamics of localized perturbation to the unstable state. Our proofs are based on functional analytic tools to study the existence and eigenvalue problems for fronts, which become singularly perturbed after a natural rescaling.