This paper aimed to trace the evolution of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) in Romania from its establishment there in 1991, focusing on the experiences and efforts of early members to develop the fellowship, disseminate the AA message and create relationships of cooperation and trust with existing religious and healthcare institutions. A qualitative ethnographic study was conducted between March and April 2021 and included 7 participants from the first two AA groups founded in Romania. Data were collected using ethnographic interviews and content analysis was used to obtain a comprehensive synthesis of the data.  In addition, archival research was used. Four research categories emerged: AA's founding moments in Romania, AA's development in Romania, AA's relationship with professionals, and perceptions of the disease of alcoholism, then and now. Results suggest that AA's development in Romania was slow due to the political context, lack of information and professionals' reluctance to support AA. In addition, there is a need to build strong relationships with professionals in the area of substance abuse, social work and religious institutions to facilitate recovery for those who suffer from alcoholism.


This paper shows how the automated deduction system OTTER. was used to prove the group theory theorem {chi}{sup 3} = e {implies} [[[y, z], u], v] = e, where e is the identity, and [XI Y] is the commutator {chi}{prime}y{prime}{chi}y. This is a difficult problem for automated provers, and several lengthy searches were run before a proof was found. Problem formulation and search strategy played a key role in the success. I believe that ours is the first automated proof of the theorem.


After the tomato seedlings were treated with the polysaccharides (TPS) from Trichoderma pseudokoningii in different concentrations (50~600 mg/L) , the effect of TPS on the activities of defense enzymes and the efficacy in controlling grey mold of tomato were researched. The results indicated that the activities of phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL ), peroxidase (POD), polyphenoloxidase (PPO) increased and the disease rate of grey mold of tomato decreased after the treatment with TPS. The enzymes activities reached a peak on the 3rd or 4th after the treatment. The enzymes activities rose with the increasing of TPS concentration. When the concentration was 200 mg/L, the highest activities of PAL, POD, PPO increased by 123%, 146%, 102% compared with CK. TPS could significantly protect tomato seedlings against grey mold. As the TPS did not inhibit the growth of mycelial of Botrytis cinerea in vitro, it was inferred that the disease controlling effects of TPS were attributed to induced resistance of plant.


Aiming at the problem of path following of underacuated ships at a constant speed,a neural sliding mode algorithm based on input-output linearization under serret-frenet frame was designed.This algorithm uses the deduction form of ship motion equation under serret-frenet frame to converts the problem above into a case similar to straight line path following and employs neural network to optimize approaching law sliding mode control(ALSMC).It solves the dependency on system model of ALSMC and then improves the robust of controller.To eliminate the influence on control effect brought by measurement error of system state variables,a state observer was designed to reconstruct states of the controlled plant.Simulations on the condition without disturbance and with disturbance also with parameters perturbation indicate that this control law has a good performance index.


The free two-nucleon {ital W} matrices are studied for a number of two-nucleon channels, including coupled channels, and over a range of laboratory energies to 250 MeV. For realistic interactions these {ital W} matrices are shown to be simple, smooth, and real functions of (half-on-shell) momenta. The free two-nucleon {ital t} matrices are expanded in separable form by the {ital W} matrices and the (fully off-shell) remainder matrices left thereby should have a negligible effect in any (low-energy) few-body calculation.


Pulsed power systems have been used in the past to drive solid liner implosions for a variety of applications. In combination with a variety of target configurations, solid liner drivers can be used to compress working fluids, produce shock waves and study material properties in convergent geometry. The utility of such a driver depends in part on how well-characterized the drive conditions are. This, in part, requires a pulsed power system with a well-characterized current waveform and well-understood electrical parameters. At Los Alamos, the authors have developed a capacitively driven, inductive store pulsed power machine, Pegasus, which meets these needs. They have also developed an extensive suite of diagnostics which are capable of characterizing the performance of the system and of the imploding liners. Pegasus consists of a 4.3 MJ capacitor bank, with a capacitance of 850 /spl mu/f fired with a typical initial bank voltage of 90 kV or less. The bank resistance is about 0.5 m/spl Omega/, and bank plus power flow channel has a total inductance of about 24 nH. In this paper, the authors consider the theory and modeling of the first precision solid liner driver fielded on the Pegasus pulsed power facility.


Abstract 1798 Poster Board I-824 Histone modifications are known to mediate transcriptional regulation through changes in chromatin condensation and as such can lead to aberrant transcriptional patterns resulting in malignant transformation. Modulation of chromatin structure via histone modification is becoming recognised as an important pathogenic mechanism in myeloma and has been suggested by the over-expression of MMSET , a histone methyltransferase, by the t(4;14) chromosomal rearrangement. More recently inactivation of UTX , a histone demethylase, has also been suggested to have a role in myeloma pathogenesis and both UTX and MMSET are mediators of transcriptional repression. UTX is inactivated in a number of different cancer cell lines but importantly, mutations and deletions have been detected in myeloma cell lines and we wished to follow up on this observation in uniformly treated clinical cases. UTX is a large gene found on the X chromosome covering 240 kb of genomic DNA and consists of 29 exons encoding a protein with both JmjC-domains and tricopeptide repeats responsible for histone demethylation and polycomb protein interactions. Inactivation of UTX occurs through deletions of individual exons through to large whole gene deletions as well as by mutations scattered throughout the 29 exons. A further mechanism of UTX inactivation which has not been looked for to date is via DNA methylation of the CpG island upstream of the transcriptional start site. We set out to determine the status of UTX in our dataset which includes expression, mapping, and methylation array data from presenting myeloma samples entered into the MRC Myeloma IX clinical trial. The gene expression of UTX was measured on 272 samples using Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 arrays and showed that 80% of samples do not express UTX transcripts but using expression quartile analysis we could not detect an effect on overall survival. The mechanism underlying the abrogation of expression was investigated further using the Affymetrix 500K SNP mapping array on a subset of 114 samples to detect copy number alterations. UTX was hemizygously deleted in 21 (42%) female samples and was completely deleted in 1 male sample, at the resolution of the arrays. In order to determine if individual exons were deleted, at a resolution below that detectable by mapping arrays, we performed quantitative PCR coupled with high resolution melting (HRM) analysis using the Rotor-gene Q real-time cycler (Qiagen). Exons were amplified, over 40 cycles, to obtain products of ∼200 bp using LC Green Plus mastermix (Idaho Technologies) in a 10 μl reaction on the Rotor-gene Q with a final HRM step from 72-95 °C with increments of 0.1 °C. Amplification plots combined with the HRM step allows us to identify both homozygous deletions and mutations within the exons. We screened all 114 samples for micro-deletions and mutations and found homozygous deletions in ∼7% of samples and identified a significant proportion of mutations using the HRM method which accounted for a total of ∼10% of gene inactivation. In order to determine if methylation could be responsible for inactivation of the remaining allele we used the Illumina Infinium humanmethylation27 array to study the methylation status at the UTX locus. This array interrogates 27,578 highly informative CpG sites per sample at the single-nucleotide resolution using bisulfite converted DNA. The results of this analysis are presented as an average beta-score where 1.0 is fully methylated and 0 is fully unmethylated. Samples were analyzed using Illumina GenomeStudio and the custom differential methylation algorithm. In samples with a diploid copy number of UTX the methylation signals covered 2 ranges: hemi-methylated (0.35-0.55, n=7) and hyper-methylated (0.73-0.89, n=14). In samples with 1 copy of UTX , which includes all males, there were 3 ranges: hypomethylated (0.08-0.21, n=5), hemi-methylated (0.35-0.51, n=3), and hypermethylated (0.66-0.88, n=48). All of the hypomethylated samples with a single copy of UTX were male, and at least 1 of these samples contained an inactivating exonic deletion resulting in complete loss of function. These data indicate that methylation of the residual allele contributes significantly to the inactivation of UTX along with interstitial deletions and mutations. We will go on to present data on the interaction of UTX with variation at the UTY locus and how this modulates behaviour of the myeloma clone. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Demak Waterwork Company (DWC) has served 21,178 customers with the capacity flow of 159.33 l/s. The capacity was predicted to reach 300 l/s or double in in 2027. The Water Distribution Networks (WDN) was developed in a large zonation, but the water supply to the customer was not well managed. Low pressure especially at peak hours, the level of leakage, and the difficulty to detect leakage are water supply problems should be solved by WDN. The objectives of this study are forecasting the demand for drinking water in the 2036 and designing a zoning system to meet future needs of drinking water. This study applied Epanet Modelling to simulate the water network system in existing and predicted condition. The result show that the characteristics of pipes, pipe materials and pipe size based on the load of drinking water should be considered for pipe replacement. Some developmental strategies e.g. improving the capacity, establishing zones, and resizing the pump capacity improve the reliability and efficiency of the water distribution network. The pressure model resulted in sufficient value to supply the whole area of more than 0.5 bar in service pipe.


A multimode RF amplitude modulator and a digitally controlled variable attenuator (VATT) are presented. A comprehensive analysis of nonlinear distortion in a current source modulated amplitude modulator is studied in this paper. To improve the dynamic range and reduce local oscillator leakage, dual power modes and a cascode transistor for amplitude modulation are employed in the amplitude modulator. The amplitude modulator consists of a switching transistor with a modulating current source, which allows low power consumption and linear amplitude modulation. The digitally controlled VATT is designed for power level control. Five II stages are cascaded to attain the attenuation levels over 32 dB. By using the proposed adaptive II type attenuator, we can get the optimized attenuation stages and port matching at all the attenuation states. The maximum output power of the modulator is 7.8 dBm, while consuming 18 mA of dc current. In the low power mode, the modulator consumes less than 1 mA of dc current. The current consumption is scaled down to 7 mA when the modulated WCDMA signal output power is 0.9 dBm and the EDGE signal output power is 1.2 dBm. The measured minimum insertion loss of the VATT is 2.5 dB and the maximum attenuation control range is 34.8 dB at 1.95 GHz. The control resolution is 1 dB. The worst caseS11 and S22 responses were measured to be -16 dB. There is no power consumption at the VATT. The chip is implemented with a 0.18-μm CMOS process. The total chip size is 1 × 0.9 mm2.


m-oriented GaN faceted-domains were grown on SiO2-patterned m-plane sapphire substrates with no low-temperature-grown buffer layers, and their surface morphology evolution was investigated. The preferred crystallographic orientations of GaN domains are found to be sensitively influenced by substrate temperature. The growth rate of m-oriented GaN faceted-domains along the c-direction is found to be significantly suppressed after filling up the circular-shaped window regions. Our simple model calculation reveals that this can be explained by the minimization of surface energy increment per volume increment, and that the growth along the c-direction is energetically not favored until the domain reaches a critical size.


Background: The anterolateral ligament (ALL) is an important structure for rotational stability of knee joint after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. Outcome of combined ACL and ALL reconstruction will change view of high demanding ACL tear cases.

Methods: A hospital based prospective interventional study was done in Department of Orthopaedics, SMS Medical College, Jaipur to find the functional outcome of combined anterior cruciate ligament and anterolateral ligament reconstruction. A total of 45 patients underwent ACL and ALL reconstruction. Indications for a combined procedure were associated grade 3 pivot shifts, high level of sporting activity and pivoting sports. Patients were assessed pre- and post-operatively with objective and subjective International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Lysholm score, and Tegner activity scale.

Results: The mean follow up time was around 5 months. Two patients lost to follow up. Leaving 45 patients for final evaluation. At the last follow-up, all patients had full range of motion. The Lysholm, subjective IKDC, and objective IKDC scores were significantly improved (all p<0.0001). Pre-operatively, 38 patients had a grade 3 pivot shifts and 7 had a grade 2 according to the IKDC criteria. Post-operatively, 42 patients had a negative pivot shift (grade 0), and 3 patients were grade 1 (p<0.0001).

Conclusions: This study demonstrates that a combined reconstruction can be an effective procedure without specific complications at a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Longer follow up is required to know any long term complications and functional outcome.


Aim of this study is to apply Gray Relational Analysis (GRA) to measure and compare financial performances of participation banks between the years of 2012–2014. Another aim of the study is to reduce the number of financial rates, which determine participation bank performance, and by doing so, identify which financial rate is more important in performance measurement. As a result of GRA method, "Albaraka Turk" is the first and "Bank Asya" is the last in terms of financial performance. Another finding of the study is that a participation bank with high "Return on Assets" could also have a high financial performance


The goal of this report is to understand the relationships among the proxy demonstration target group (ill, disabled beneficiaries), patients who receive outlier payments, and the agencies that serve them.


I founded the press in 2008 after realizing that 1) some superlatively original books written by people I respected were rejected as "unmarketable"; 2) print-on-demand technologies improved in quality and price; and 3) I could merge DIY technologies into a multimedia publishing company that addressed culture in the twenty-first century. We've really only been publishing full-steam since January 2011 after a protracted move from the Midwest to Seattle, Washington in mid-2010.


This article presents an overview of the hearing disorder known as auditory neuropathy/dys-synchrony. The primary diagnostic indications are described that will help audiologists recognize this disorder and consider the appropriate habilitation efforts that should follow. The article also highlights results that have been observed in 10 children who have received a cochlear implant at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.


Scratches and rusty spots on surface of aircraft landing gear were renovated using brush plating recess, herein cadmium plating was adopted and the properties of cadmium coatings obtained were tested with results of good coherence, high corrosion resistance and low hydrogen embrittlement.


Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF) is a multifunctional cytokine which is cytotoxic for some tumor cells and transformed cells. The molecular mechanisms which render transformed and tumor cells sensitive to the cytotoxic action of TNF are unclear. We show here that an increased expression of the c‐Myc oncoprotein strongly increases cellular sensitivity to TNF cytotoxicity. In Rat1A fibroblasts, which are resistant to TNF, the addition of TNF with a concomitant activation of a hormone‐inducible c‐Myc‐estrogen receptor chimera (MycER) resulted in apoptotic cell death. Similarly, c‐Myc overexpression enhanced the sensitivity of NIH3T3 fibroblasts to TNF‐induced death. The c‐Myc and TNF‐induced apoptosis was inhibited by ectopic expression of the Bcl2 oncoprotein and by the free oxygen radical scavenging enzyme Mn superoxide dismutase. Furthermore, in highly TNF‐sensitive fibrosarcoma cells, antisense c‐myc oligodeoxynucleotides caused a specific inhibition of TNF cytotoxicity. Our results suggest that the deregulation of c‐Myc, which is common in human tumors and tumor cell lines is one reason why these cells are TNF sensitive.


The Kneser graph  KG n ,  k  has one vertex for each  k -subset of an  n -set and edges between vertices whenever the corresponding subsets are disjoint. A dominating set in a graph  G  = ( V ,  E )  is a subset  S  ⊆  V  such that each vertex in  V  \  S  is adjacent to at least one vertex in  S . The domination number of , denoted by  γ ( n ,  k ) , is the minimum size of a dominating set in that graph. Combinatorial and computer-aided techniques for obtaining bounds on  γ ( n ,  k )  are here considered, and several new bounds are obtained. An updated table of bounds on  γ ( n ,  k )  is presented for  n  ≤ 21  and  k  ≤ 5 .


Employee Wellness program in work place can boost morale, improve health and fitness. As desk job brings lot of stress that leads to desk job syndromes like carpal tunnel, eyestrain, back pain, stress in order to get rid of all these syndromes a fitness program is conducted every morning at cholamandalam. The objective of the study is to find the effective participation among the employees and the satisfaction level in the wellness program.


This paper shows new induction generation system for wind power generation. This system has the voltage source converter excited induction generator and the PFC converter to transfer the real power. The experimental results certified that the dc/dc chopper control of the PFC converter can minimize the voltage source converter current, which only supplies exciting current for the induction generator. It is also shown that the output current from the voltage source converter is suppressed by the proper selection of the reactive power compensation capacitor. This paper presents the required condition to minimize the power loss in the IG at first. Secondly, dividing the compensating capacitance into 2 or 3 capacitors is investigated to minimize the ac current output from the VSC for decreasing the loss in the VSC and the ac reactor. The simulation and the experiments certified the effectiveness.


Towards examinations, students are conscious of maximising study opportunities. Recently we introduced the "Anatomy Theory Games" as a new method of theory revision for the final anatomy session of the first year of the Sydney Medical Program. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the design and implementation of this new program; and explore participant perceptions to consider its strengths, and needs for improvement.


In this paper a Hardware Architecture for computing the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is presented which is addressed to solve the self-localization problem of autonomous mobile robots. In this case, the overall EKF algorithm has been implemented in hardware over an Altera Cyclone IV FPGA with a Nios II processor, in which the latter is used only for interfacing and communication tasks. The achieved implementation has been adapted and applied to the mobile platform Pioneer 3AT (P3AT) for validation task. The prediction stage of the EKF algorithm was based on a dead-reckoning system model and the estimation stage on a measurement system which uses a sensor of Laser Range Finder (LRF). The proposed architecture has been designed considering a Unified Hardware Module approach using floating-point arithmetic operators, allowing the operations to be computed with large precision and dynamic range. Furthermore, several metrics have been used to evaluate the system performance, measuring both FPGA resources consumption, power consumption and execution time. Finally, the suitability of reconfigurable devices for such kind of applications has been verified and also discussed.


Utilization of mass-dependent and -independent fractionation of Mercury isotopes to understand Mercury cycling and bioaccumulation in aquatic systems B.A. BERGQUIST*, J.D. BLUM AND D. JUDE University of Toronto, Department of Geology, Toronto, ON, Canada (*correspondence: firstname.lastname@example.com) University of Michigan, Department of Geology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (firstname.lastname@example.com) University of Michigan, School of Natural Resources and Environment, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (email@example.com)


Through Wall Imaging radars enable users from the areas of the police, military or disaster control to identify textures behind the wall that is urgently needed for later actions from a safe distance. A major challenge of the Through Wall Imaging technology is to get rid of the negative parts of the backscattered data so that the image can be interpreted correctly and unambiguously. An important factor affecting the image degradation is the first wall structure, which leads to distortion in the signal when the electromagnetic waves pass through the wall. In order to reconstruct a measured radar image of a complex target scene behind the wall as accurately as possible, it is mandatory to know the specific composition of the wall. The paper will give an overview of an investigation of wall structure determination by using microwave radiation including the theory of wave propagation in layered media and simulation results for radar range signatures of artificial and well defined wall structures. Furthermore measurement results of radar range signatures of real materials like calcium silicate brick and hollow brick as well as radar range signatures of layered materials in the frequency range of 1 to 8 GHz and 2 to 18 GHz are presented.


Nonlinear effects of sublevel coherence on resonant backward-degenerate four-wave mixing are analyzed in the saturation regime of an inhomogeneously broadened and optically thin gas medium, composed of \ensuremath{\Lambda}-type three-level atoms. No limitations are set to the pump-field intensities, and an analytical approach is presented in the Doppler limit and efficient transverse-optical-pumping regime. It is shown that coherent population trapping due to strong pump-field coupling has a negligible incidence in phase conjugation, while interference of two imbalanced coherent-population-injection channels determines the mixing process. Level-crossing emission resonances are found to exhibit particular line-shape characteristics: (1) an insensitivity to power shifts, (2) strong power-broadening accompanied by incomplete line splitting, or (3) field-induced line-broadening inhibition. The conditions under which these effects should be observable are identified, and their dependence on pump imbalance is remarked.


Multi-kilowatt beams with high brightness offer advantages for fast and precise material processing applications such as remote cutting, where the beam must propagate over large distances. Thin-disk lasers, like the one shown in Figure 1, are available commercially and are widely used for material processing in the automotive, solar, and microelectronic industries. They can provide the desired combination of high-power and highly focused beams because the thermally induced aberrations of the laser are orders of magnitude lower than in conventional rodor slab-shaped crystal lasers. Furthermore, thin-disk crystals can be pumped intensively and still be cooled very homogenously and efficiently due to the high surface-to-volume ratio. In recent years, researchers have proved the theoretical and practical scalability of thin-disk lasers to very high power levels.1 With high-quality crystals and optimized heat sinks, it is possible to generate beams with several kilowatts of power and very high efficiencies (typically 60–65%)2 by simply increasing the pump spot diameter. However, air turbulence in the cavity and a thermally-induced phase distortion (on the order of a tenth of the wavelength) in the disk itself limit the beam quality at higher powers. We have designed a high-power, high-quality thin-disk laser suitable for remote cutting. We avoided the air turbulence by operating the laser cavity in a helium atmosphere and developed a mirror with an aspherical profile (see Figure 2). This compensated for the distortion of the optical phase caused by the temperature difference between the pump spot and the un-pumped region in the laser disk. Calculations confirmed by precise interferometric measurements showed a phase distortion in the laser experiments of about 100nm with a supergaussian edge profile. Our design used an ytterbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Yb:YAG) thin-disk laser crystal attached to a diamond heat sink. A pump cavity with 20 passes through the thin-disk crystal ensured an efficient absorption of the diode laser pump Figure 1. View into the pumping optics of a vacuum-proof thin-disk laser cavity.


The invention relates to a charging connector (1) for connection to a socket of a charge to be loaded device, for example an at least partly driven by electrical energy motor vehicle, or with a charging energy-providing means. In order to avoid that the charging plug fails prematurely due to corrosion or electro-migration, the invention provides that a switching device (27) of the charging plug (1) is arranged partially inside and partially outside of an encapsulated line chamber (18).


Absfrucf - The design of nonlinear optimal neurocontrollers programming (DP) in classical optimal control theory [7], the based on the Adaptive Critic Designs (ACDs) family of ACD technique provides an effective method to construct an algorithms has recently attracted interest. This paper presents optimal and robust feedback controller by exploiting a summary of these algorithms, and compares their backpropagation for the calculation of all the derivatives of performance when implemented on two different types of user-defined target quantities [l] in order to minimize the artificial neural networks, namely the multilayer perceptron heuristic cost-to-go approximation. neural network (MLPNN) and the radial basis function neural There are thee representative optimization control network ("). As an example for the application of the techniques among the ACDs family. 'One is the heuristic ACDs, the control of synchronous generator on an electric dynamic programming (HDP), which approximates the power grid is considered and results are presented to compare heuristic cost-to.go function (J) itserf by the critic network the different ACD family members and their implementations adaptation. Another is the dual heuristic programming (DHP), on different new1 network architectures.


In 2012 the seemingly stable country of Mali experienced a sudden collapse, this along with the declaration of independence of the brand new Tuareg state, the massive spread of extreme Islamism shocked the international community. Initial disbelief gave way to  the UN Security Council's resolution to restore Mali's territorial integrity. Fueled by the fear of a greater and bloodier conflict and its  overspill, limited military operations began. Along with the Economic Community of West African Stateled operation, the country's former colonial master, France, began its own controversial military operation. Many people think that by doing so, France is trying to prove itself a great power and able to intervene on the world political stage according to its own diplomatic interest and being a force  to contend with. Others however think that France is facing another Indochina-like fiasco in Mali. Who is right, will be determined by  the failure or the success of the current operations and by the results of the restoration afterward. In this paper I would like to clarify  the reasons for the events taking place in the country, their dynamics and possible consequences.


To study how the thermal relaxation time and the blood perfusion influence the skin temperature;the analytical solution of the thermal wave Pennes equation is obtained by using Laplace Transformations.Exponential temperature step change is obtained,usually the step change increases with the thermal relaxation time but decreases with the blood perfusion.When ignoring the blood perfusion,the solution is simplified as the analytical solution of the common thermal wave equation. The variation of temperature include 5 regions,it is found that in the new steady-state region,the temperature values are different for different points.


Provided is a camera system capable of detecting and tracking an object. The camera system includes: a camera configured to detect at least one object in a surveillance region of which an image is captured by the camera directed in a first direction and generate metadata of the object; and a camera controller configured to control at least one of panning, tilting and zooming of the camera based on the metadata of a target object selected from among the at least one object.


It's simple and convenient to get the speed of DC motor by using the relation between the frequency of the fluctuating current and the rotational speed In nocoupling condition.To solve the wrong frequency problem in speed testing experiment,the paper discusses the factors of the fluctuating current and the range of the frequency.This conclusion is not only the foundation of rotational speed testing,but also referential for analyzing torque ripple of DC motor,the output voltage ripple of DC speed indicating generator and the fault detection of motor.


We provide an overview of two closely related testbeds, a development testbed located in the CWSA wireless lab and the unique eStadium testbed located in Purdue's Ross-Ade Football Stadium. In the development testbed we have studied such high-bandwidth, delay-sensitive applications as on-demand streaming of video clips to a large number of wireless clients. This includes optimizing video streaming performance in wireless settings and characterizing the relationship between wireless LAN channel conditions and user-perceived quality. The lessons learned in this development testbed have been scaled up into the fully operational eStadium testbed in Purdue's Ross-Ade Stadium. This large-scale "Living Lab" enables measurements of football fans' use of and experiences with wireless devices to access infotainment content during Purdue football games. These measurements, some of which are summarized in this paper, have led to further research issues that are being addressed in the development lab. These include selective broadcast and multicasting of video clips to enable services to a very large number of wireless clients


We derive a generalization of a result in representation theory. Using this generalization, we construct new families of Grassmannian packings associated with binary Reed-Muller codes and we develop a low complexity decoding algorithm by modifying standard decoding algorithms for these binary codes. The subspaces are associated with projection operators which arise in the theory of quantum stabilizer codes. These Grassmannian packings find application as highly structured examples of dictionaries that admit fast algorithms for identifying sparse representations, and in noncoherent wireless communication with multiple antennas. The capacity of the noncoherent MIMO channel at both low and moderate SNR (under the constraint that only isotropically distributed unitary matrices are used for information transmission) is closely approximated by these packings


G arlic (Allium sativum) is a hardy perennial member of the onion family. Garlic is probably native to Central Asia but has long been naturalized in southern Europe and throughout the world. Garlic (Allium sativum) differs from the onion (Allium cepa), producing a number of small bulbs called cloves rather than one large bulb. Each bulb contains a dozen or more cloves covered with a thin white skin. Each clove is made of two modified mature leaves around an axis with a vegetative growing point. The outer leaf is a dry sheath, while the base of the inner leaf is thickened, making up the bulk of the clove. The larger outer cloves produce the best garlic. Garlic has flat leaves rather than the round hollow leaves of the onion. Garlic is used largely as a condiment and as flavoring in gravies, tomato sauces, soups, stews, pickles, salads, salad dressing and breads. Many cooks find it indispensable in the kitchen. We can find written references to garlic from the writings of the Greeks, Egyptians, Romans and Chinese. The name garlic comes to us from the Welsh word garlleg, which is transformed into the English word garlic. Wherever it came from, there can be no doubt that garlic has captured the interest of gardeners and cooks alike. It is easily cultivated and, due to its growing reputation in health matters, will be of increased importance in gardens. Garlic originated in Central Asia probably from the wild species Allium longiscuspis, and it does not occur in the wild as a species itself. While it is possible to propagate garlic sexually, all of the garlic commonly grown is propagated vegetatively. The current variation in garlic probably occurred through natural mutation. Because this variability is considerable, we conclude that garlic mutates relatively easily; over time it may adapt to new environments becoming somewhat different from the garlic originally introduced in an area.


Quinolinylazo) 5 dimethylaminobenzoic acid (QADMAA) was synthesized, and its color reaction with copper(Ⅱ) was studied. In a buffer solution of pH 4.5 and in the presence of Tween 80 QADMAA reacts with copper(Ⅱ) to form a stable 2∶1 complex. The malor absorptivity is 1.32×10 5L·mol -1 ·cm -1 at 560nm. Beer′s law is obeyed in range of 0~8μg of Cu(Ⅱ) per 25ml solution. This method has been applied to the determination of copper in aluminum and aluminum alloys with satisfactory results.


Cardiac tamponade is a serious event requiring immediate diagnosis and treatment. It may result from a variety of causes which are not always self-evident. Among these causes, neoplastic processes, particularly lung neoplasias, should always be considered. The objective of the present study is to show that cardiac tamponade Revista Cubana de Medicina Militar. 2012;41(2):195-200 http://scielo.sld.cu 196 may be the form of presentation of lung cancer. In the two cases presented, the initial clinical symptoms were dyspnea and chest pain. The physical examination revealed jugular ingurgitation, muffled cardiac sounds, tachycardia and arterial hypotension. The electrocardiogram showed the presence of microvoltage, and the chest x-rays an increase in cardiac area. The diagnosis of cardiac tamponade was verified by echocardiography. A pericardial window was performed in both patients and a pericardial biopsy was obtained, by means of which the diagnosis of lung neoplasia was defined. It is concluded that in the presence of a cardiac tamponade of unclear cause, a neoplastic origin should always be suspected, particularly lung cancer.


Insight into the impact of mixed internal donors, comprising bis-methoxymethyl-fluorene (BMF) and 2,2-diisopropyl succinate (DIS), on the crystalline structure of MgCl2 supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts is developed. The propylene polymerization performance of the catalysts is studied and compared with related single internal electron donor systems. A study of the crystalline structure of the catalysts reveals that an increase in the DIS content leads to a relatively higher amount of the α-form over the β-form in the catalyst matrix. The catalyst performance is explained through the coordination nature and composition of the internal donors. Molecular weight analysis shows that the molecular weight distribution of these systems is within the range 2.8–3.3. Meanwhile, in these systems an increase in the DIS content is conducive to improving not only the relative content but also the lamellar thickness of the polymer chains. A promising feature of the obtained results is that they provide guidelines for synthesizing desired polymer properties through a change in the mixture of internal donors in the catalysts.


A mathematical model describing isothermal alkali diffusion and reaction with acetyl groups in moist wood chips was derived and validated against experiments. A coupled mass balance for the acetyl groups and the alkali was posed and solved numerically. Differences observed earlier between model-predicted and experimentally obtained alkali concentration profiles demonstrated that the diffusion coefficient D is not a constant but a certain function of alkali concentration C. A model for this dependence was developed on the basis of theoretical principles. The function C→D plays a key role in the qualitative form of the resulting alkali profiles, especially in terms of changes in the sign of the curvature that were not explained by other approaches in the literature. A new parameter, the "deacetylation index", was introduced as an observable quantity that is useful for tracking the end of the impregnation stage in pulping processes.


Achillea millefolium L., Crataegus monogyna subsp. monogyna Jacq., Rubus discolor L., Salvia multicaulis Vahl., Morus alba L. and Pistacia terebinthus L. plants are consumed for some medicinal or nutritional purposes. The chemical composition, vitamins, sterols and fatty acid contents of these plants were presented in this study. Vitamin and sterol contents were high in A. millefolium flowers in comparison to leaves and seed. Vitamins E, K, and total sterol levels in C. monogyna subsp. monogyna fruit were higher than leaves and flower. For R. discolor fruit; vitamin and sterol contents were higher than leaves, flower and unripe fruit. For S. multicaulis, vitamin content was higher in leaves and the sterol content was higher in seed than other extracts. α-Tocopherol, vitamins K, D and total sterol levels in M. alba fruit were higher than leaves and unripe fruit. In P. terebinthus, retinol and α-tocopherol levels were higher in leaves, vitamins D, K, sterol levels were higher in flower than other extracts. The present study indicates that these plants can be a good natural source of fatty acids, vitamins and sterols. This study is first report about the phytochemical properties of R. discolor, and S. multicaulis.


Regression models are the suitable statistical techniques for drawing inferences about relationships among interrelated variables. These models are applicable in many fields, such as the social field, physical field, biological sciences, business and medical fields. Regression models are perhaps the most used of all data analysis methods. This research interests in comparing regression models and applying these models in analyzing two real data sets of anemia diseases.  Also, many evaluating methods are applied in the research to choose between models, determining variables that effective the anemia diseases.  The analysis of the results detects the best variables, the suitable model and the best criterion can be used with the medical data.


This paper analyzes the relationship of liquidity and shareholder's activism and the selection of different types of shareholder's activism by using the extend game theory.It is founded that there is no simple monotonic relationship between liquidity and shareholder's activism.As to different shareholder activism styles,large shareholders prefer the strategy with low cost of per unit success probability.However,this preference of the large shareholders can be stopped by increase of liquidity.


To investigate the performance of horizontal sound localization of younger people, authors conducted a test using 12 young participants (11 males, 1 females; ages 21–24.) The stimuli were presented through headphones to their right and left ears with 4 interaural time differences (ITDs) (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 ms) and 4 interaural level differences (ILDs) (3, 6, 9, and 12 dB(A)) besides the same condition to both ears. Concerning the frequency, pure tones of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 kHz, and composite sound of 0.5 + 2.0 kHz were presented, which lasted one second for each trial. The participants answered "Right" or "Left" after each trial according to their own judgment. The results of ITD condition showed that a right-sided inferiority was recognized in case of 1.0 and 2.0 kHz. Concerning the ILD condition, no right/left asymmetricity was shown. This asymmetricity may be caused by the improper setting of the experiment apparatus. Therefore, we switched right/left of the headphones to carry out an additional test in the same way. The same tendency as the original test was obtained, which means that the asymmetricity is likely due to the native characteristics of the participants.


Sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) membranes and their modifications are viewed as arguably the most promising in microbial fuel cell (MFC) applications due to their non-fluorinated base, superior chemical stability, and lower costs compared with Nafion membranes. In this work, SPEEK membranes with different degrees of sulfonation (DSs) (60% to 76%) and blended with charged surface modifying macromolecule (cSMM) were used as electrolytes in an MFC for simultaneous electricity generation and wastewater treatment. RESULTS: Performance evaluation of newly fabricated membranes was carried out and was compared with that of Nafion 117. The MFC with SPEEK76/cSMM generated about 16.5% higher maximum power density (172.1 mW m-2) than that with Nafion 117 (143.7 mW m-2). In addition, the SPEEK76/cSMM exhibited the highest coulombic efficiency (CE) of 17.6%, which was 21.6% higher than that of Nafion 117 (13.8%). Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of all characterized membranes was above 80% in our particular MFC. CONCLUSION: MFC is a suitable method for simultaneous wastewater treatment and electricity generation. SPEEK76/cSMM is a promising membrane to be applied in MFC. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry.


Electricity generation using solar photovoltaic systems pose a unique challenge to improve the efficiency and to minimise the manufacturing cost. Research and development in this area has been expanding as it is environmentally friendly and helps the planet to reduce the greenhouse gas emission while reducing the carbon footprint. As a result, solar photovoltaic (PV) electrical power generation systems have become more popular and limelight of sustainable energy research. This paper describes the dynamic modeling and simulation of a sustainable renewable hybrid energy system with solar PV array and a battery storage system. Simulink was used to study the characteristics of temperature and irradiation effect along with the manufacturer's data to validate the results. The Matlab/Simulink based study therefore also points out significance of locating maximum power point for a given Module/Array. Keywords— Simulink/Matlab, Photovoltaic, Maximum power point, Battery storage, Control systems, Hybrid energy, Simulation.


The IEEE Microwave Theory and Techni ques Society (MTT-S) is a global organization with multifaceted interests and activities. One of our Society's driving objectives through its Inter-Society Committee is to develop, nurture, and capitalize on productive relationships and strategic partnerships. This includes partnerships within the IEEE Societies, IEEE Councils, and non-IEEE entities relevant to our fields of interest. In addition, we are poised to strengthen and expand MTT-S activities, in particular within emerging regions, through collaborations and formal agreements (memorandums of understanding) with lo cal entities. Our Inter-Society Committee is led by our past president, Prof. Ke Wu, whom I consider an international individual with experience and links to different cultures from all around the world. The Inter-Society Committee has its own well-defined missions and organizations, as described in Figure 1. The committee manages exterior relationships and "foreign" affairs in support of MTT-S mission statements and operations. In addition to our well-established agreements with national and regional organizations, the MTT-S participates in IEEE Counci l activities. This is demonstrated by our membership in all seven IEEE Technical Councils, as shown in Figure 2. In support of the IEEE mission, the MTT-S is actively pursuing the de velopment of Sister Society agreements (SSAs) for creating collaborative events and joint activities of mutual interest with other IEEE Societies. In early 2016, we started our first trilateral SSA with the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society (AP-S) and the IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility Society (EMC-S). This allows us to create an important audience for our cross-sectorial events. The SSA also covers a wide range of fields of collaboration, such as jointly actioned membership development and mutually supported professional activities. Our most recently developed SSA, with the


The aim of this study was to assess improvements in long‐term survival of pediatric patients after liver transplantation by analyzing outcomes in transplant recipients who survived beyond 1 year after transplantation. There has been a marked increase in the 1‐year survival of pediatric patients, from 78% in transplant recipients between 1987 and 1990 to 95% in transplant recipients between 2011 and 2017. The long‐term outcomes have not seen a similar trend, creating a disparity that warrants analysis.


In the light of the main problems such as the capture, and playback, etc. of the multimedia application in the invigilating software, this paper designs a PC electronic invigilating system based on DirectShow and DirectShow RTP structure, which uses the COM groupware and possesses good reusability and expandability.


After the availability of Internet infrastructure all over the world, and connectivity is no longer an obstacle over the Internet, cloud computing has emerged as a practical and ideal solution. A huge revolution has taken place in the field of cloud computing, where it is now an industry. However, it faces great difficulties in ensuring data confidentiality and privacy. People hesitate to use it due to the risk of innumerable attacks and security breaches. This article has covered a several directions relayed to cloud computing ideas. This research would focus on traditional and deep-learning based schemes to secure user's data in the cloud. This study concluded some points about the capabilities of the traditional and deep learning-based scheme. The comparison showed that both of them increased the levels of security and privacy of the cloud. The study conclude that the Deep learning-based method had been implanted to secure clouds' data in combination with other technique performed better than others.


We present two-dimensional numerical magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations of a photospheric cancelling magnetic feature (CMF) and the associated reconnection event in a stratified solar atmosphere. Both, reconnection phase and cancellation phase, are modelled in a self-consistent way. It is found that different quiet-Sun phenomena result from the CMF, which is driven by converging photospheric flows. The type of structure forming in the low solar atmosphere depends on the initial overall plasma density magnitude and on the heating and cooling mechanisms included. The arising phenomenon can be a bright structure such as an X-ray bright point, a small-scale filament or a mixture of both of them. Loop-like brightening in various parts of the magnetic structure is found in all cases.


Euler stressed the importance of hypotheses, which he thought were the only means of arriving at a certain knowledge of the physical causes, essential to establish the laws of physics. This thought was communicated to Emilie du Chatelet in response to hers when she debated the nature of forces, defending the Leibnizian concept of vis viva. After examining the Euler-Chatelet correspondence, I introduce a treatise discovered in 1844 where Euler provides the first analytical attempt to explain the difference between momentum and vis viva, and where he defined a new concept related to motion that can be considered the first idea of kinetic energy. These documents have received little attention. In this paper, I examine the topics Euler discussed in these manuscripts and place them in a context within the scientific and philosophical research of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries that sought to establish the principles of nature, and that served as foundation for physics.


Substitution makes demand for recreation sites more elastic than that for recreation experiences. Assessment of site elasticity by direct and Clawson methods yielded elastic estimates empirically, whereas response to hypothetical increased costs of travel yielded inelastic demand for recreation experiences. It is important to use the appropriate figure in recreation evaluations.


Two dimensional planar millimeter wave scattering cross section of expanded graphite worm which was measured at different planar desities or length was reported in this paper.The experimental result was compared with that of aluminium coated glass fibre and aluminium chaff.Although the expanded graphite worm has a fairly highelectrical conductivity,and the shape of expanded graphite worm is similar to that of aluminium coated galss fibre and aluminium chaff,but the millimeter wave scattering characteristic is not corresponded with the conclusion which can be deduced from half-wave harmonic oscillator model.And the millimeter wave scattering cross section is more smaller than that of aluminium coated glass fibre and aluminium chaff.


In the course of a critical study, of wound infections conducted in this laboratory during the past two years, theBacillus pyocyaneoushas often been found a troublesome cause of delay in the repair of wounds. While this organism has never been the source of acute danger to the patient, its presence has seemed to retard the production of healthy granulations and impede the growth of new epithelium. It has been an organism difficult to eradicate by the use of most antiseptics. It was rarely an inhabitant of fresh wounds, but its incidence has increased after the first week following injury, and it has often remained the predominating infection. Examination of the discharges of a large-number of wounds has shown that when the reaction of the purulent discharge was strongly acid, theB. pyocyaneuswas rarely present. It was much more common in wounds showing secretions of low acidity, and


Abstract During our survey of the diversity of woody litter fungi in China and Thailand, three Hermatomyces species were collected from dead woody twigs of Dipterocarpus sp. (Dipterocarpaceae) and Ehretiaacuminata (Boraginaceae). Both morphology and multigene analyses revealed two taxa as new species (Hermatomycesturbinatus and H.jinghaensis) and the remaining collections as new records of H.sphaericus. Hermatomycesturbinatus is characterized by 1) dimorphic conidia, having circular to oval lenticular conidia and 2) turbinate conidia consisting of two columns with two septa composed of 2–3 cells in each column. Hermatomycesjinghaensis is characterized by dimorphic conidia, having circular to oval lenticular conidia and clavate or subcylindrical to cylindrical conidia and consisting of one or two columns with 6–8 cells in each column. Phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, ITS, tub2, tef1-α and rpb2 sequence data supports the placement of these new taxa within Hermatomycetaceae with high statistical support.


Purpose – Indian investors have been exposed to a plethora of investment opportunities in the past decade and a half, after the liberalization process which commenced in 1991. Over the years, the increased competition has brought a wind of change, not just in the economic environment within the country, but also a radical change in the choices and preferences of the financial consumers. In the endeavor to provide more personalized advice to the financial consumers, financial service providers need more insights into the minds of the consumers. However, little work has been done to understand the Indian individual investor. The purpose of this paper is to study the Individual investor in India: to segment the investor into distinct behavioural groups based on their biases; to understand the investment preferences and profile of the identified segments; and to understand the implications for financial services providers.Design/methodology/approach – Exploratory research, using In‐depth interviews, was under...


Abstract Agriculture is a rapidly growing arena for China's economic engagement in Africa. Drawing on new field research in East and West Africa, and in Beijing and Baoding, China, as well as earlier archival research, this article investigates the dimensions of China's agricultural engagement, placing it in historical perspective. It traces the changes and continuities in China's policies in rural Africa since the 1960s, as Chinese policies moved from fraternal socialism to amicable capitalism. Beginning in the 1980s, the emphasis on aid as mutual benefit began to blur the lines between aid, south–south co-operation and investment. Today, Beijing has established at least 14 new agro-technical demonstration stations using an unusual public–private model that policy makers hope will assist sustainability. At the same time, a stirring of interest among land-scarce Chinese farmers and investors in developing farms in sub-Saharan Africa evokes a mix of anticipation and unease.


A simple spring-mass numerical model (MSHELL), is developed as a tool to find appropriate integration time steps for nonlinear finite-element analysis. MSHELL possesses many features of nonlinearly deforming deep shells and, by matching some physical parameters of the MSHELL system and a nonlinear finite-element model (DSHELL), their dynamic behavior is both qualitatively and quantitatively similar. MSHELL is used to develop time-step criteria for both pre- and postsnapping behavior of a transversely point-loaded cylindrical shell. The criteria are then applied in a multiple-time-step method to DSHELL. The results indicate the simple model's correlation with the finite-element model and potential for saving computer time by changing the integration time step during a finite-element analysis based on MSHELL's behavior. Chaotic motion, characterized by one or more positive Lyapunov exponents, is seen in the simple model and likely explains unpredictable postcollapse results in the DSHELL finite-element code.


Abstract 4148

Background: Recent studies demonstrated an increased incidence of JC virus (JCV)-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in immunocompromised patients. Expanding application of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) nowadays, reflecting growing availability of matched unrelated donors, is expected to increase the frequency of this complication. Therapeutic options in PML are extremely limited and patients eventually die. However, immune restoration, whenever possible, is claimed to be potentially effective.

Aims: The current study was aimed to determine the incidence, clinical course and risk factors for JCV reactivation in patients undergoing alloSCT, and explore the possibility for preemptive detection of JCV reactivation prior to PML development.

Methods: This retrospective study was approved by the Rambam IRB (approval # RMB 0097-12). All consecutive patients, treated with an alloSCT for various hematological malignancies at Rambam between January 2009 and December 2011 were included in the analysis. Frozen DNA samples, originally assessed for CMV-PCR, drawn monthly, starting at transplantation date up to the cessation of immunosuppression (as part of a pre-emptive CMV detection), were thawed and evaluated for JCV reactivation using a quantitative JCV-PCR analysis. In case of sample positivity, additional weekly drawn DNA samples were thawed and analyzed. JCV was detected by quantitative RT0-PCR of whole blood. The institutional electronic database was searched, focusing on hematological diagnosis, disease course prior to transplantation, transplant conditioning regimen, post-transplant complications, particularity graft- versus-host disease (GvHD), immunosuppressive therapy and neurological symptoms. Incidence and clinical significance of JCV reactivation were evaluated.

Results: 631 DNA samples, obtained from 171 consecutive allografted patients, were analyzed. Eighteen patients had a single positive blood test, 6 had repeated positive results (accounting for 100 positive samples), and 147 had consecutive negative tests. Patient characteristics are presented in [Table 1][1]. The maximal JCV load in patients anecdotally exhibiting JCV reactivation, was always lower than 500 copies/ml (130–485), whereas in all subjects demonstrating persistent reactivation (initially detected between day 0– 172 post-SCT), levels approached thousands to millions JCV- copies, though tended to correlate directly to steroid dosages applied. Five of the persistently reactivating subjects: 4 with lymphoproliferative disorders and 1 with AML, were heavily pre-treated, failing ≥ 4 prior therapies (3-had rituximab and 4- failed high dose therapy), and all were subjected to continuing immunosuppression due to GvHD. None of the "non-reactivating" and the "anecdotally reactivating" patients developed PML. Two of the 6 "persistently reactivating" subjects showed a gradual increase in JCV levels, preceding the development of clinically proven PML (confirmed by clinical features, typical MRI and JCV in CSF) within 62 and 84 days, respectively. Despite cessation of immunsuppresion, one of these 2 patients died of PML, whereas the other experienced complete durable resolution of neurological symptoms. The remaining 5 patients died within 0.75–3 months since JCV reactivation, due to other causes, in the presence of continuing positive tests for JCV.

Conclusions: The findings of the current study suggest that JCV reactivation is relatively uncommon, occurring in 15% of SC allografted patients. Moreover, in most patients reactivation is anecdotal and not clinically significant. However, in some very heavily pretreated patients, persistent reactivation may evolve, eventually resulting in PML development. Cessation of immunosuppression, especially if performed at earlier stages of JCV reactivation/disease may reverse the PML fatal course.

| Persistently positive (n=6) | Anecdotally Positive (n=18) | JCV neg (n=147) | |
|:---------------------------:| --------------------------- | --------------- | ------------------------------------- |
| 46 (31-49) | 39 (22-63) | 44 (17-71) | Age (yrs) |
| 85% | 67% | 58% | Sex (male%) |
| 33% | 51% | 75% | Diagnosis |
|     Acute leukemia |
|     Mature Lymphoid |
| 66% | 49% | 25% | |
| 66% | 56% | 45% | Disease status at SCT |
| Complete response |
| 2358 | 740 | 204 | Med time from diagnosis to SCT (days) |
| 50%/50% | 56%/44% | 64%/36% | Donor type |
| Sib/MUD |
| 100% | 61% | 61% | GvHD |

Table 1

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

 [1]: #T1


This study compares a real choice experiment (RCE) with three commonly used experimental auction (EA) mechanisms (Becker–DeGroot–Marschak, random nth price auction (RNPA), second price auction (SPA)) to determine whether willingness to pay (WTP) estimates differ across these elicitation methods. We use quality labels on eggs as the empirical application and find that the SPA, RNPA and RCE yield similar WTP estimates, while the BDM mechanism generally produces higher WTP estimates. We also compare these EAs and the RCE in an induced value setting and find that the BDM auction produces greater deviations from the underlying value than the other EAs and RCE. We suggest that RCEs may be preferable to BDMs for collecting WTP estimates in logistically difficult experimental settings.


Abstract The arginine maturity index (AMI) method of predicting maturity in peanuts was evaluated on Virginia type peanuts grown in the North Carolina-Virginia area. Analyses of data from a two year study showed statistical differences (P > .05) of AMI values for cultivars, location and digging dates. Official grade factors suggested maturity levels consistent with AMI maturity predictions. Maximum yields per acre were observed near minimum AMI values. Optimum yields and dollars per acre were observed primarily at AMI values of 100. However, no sufficiently definitive value was determined to be the recommended point for digging peanuts. The AMI method was tested on commercial grades of shelled peanuts. Significant differences (P > .05) between AMI values of cultivars were also observed.


Correlation analysis of the far-zone speckle intensity has been examined in application to biotissue structure investigation. Asymptotic value of the exponential factor of intensity structure function has been proposed as the informative parameter. Generation of the 2D images of this factor distribution is discussed for different illumination conditions. Mapping of the light-scattering biotissue structure images has been carried out for the samples of normal and psoriatic human epidermal strippings.


Recently there has been a robust increase in cyber attacks. Statistical studies show that around 4% of internet traffic is malicious. Firewalls are deployed as blocking mechanisms to identify and prevent malicious requests. They filter seemingly malicious packets based on the filter rules. Despite the filters, there are certain evasion techniques used by attackers to bypass the firewall. This paper describes the techniques for bypassing the web application firewall based on their configurations and paranoia levels of implementation so that security researchers can understand loop holes in the firewall to build a better firewall strategy. By these techniques, an attacker can achieve the attacks he intends to do even if the firewall is placed between the web application and the client.


A 72-year-old man with previous myocardial infarction and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction was admitted with fast ventricular tachycardia (VT) requiring emergency electrical cardioversion. Coronary angiography demonstrated three-vessel coronary artery disease, but no targets for revascularization. He had a dual-chamber cardioverter defibrillator implanted (Medtronic Maximo DR7278), programmed with a ventricular fibrillation (VF) zone above 320 ms (188 bpm) set to …


At its core, the probabilistic method relies on the following trivial fact: for any object C, if you can define a random variable, X , such that Pr[X = C] > 0, then C must exist! The surprising part is how useful this basic recipe is: there are many sorts of combinatorial objects for which clean instantiations of the probabilistic method give the best known bounds. We will begin by giving one of the first known instantiations of this approach, due to Paul Erdos from 1947 [1]. We will then begin considering some of the algorithmic aspects of this—namely if we know that the desired object exists, how do we actually find it?


This paper analyzes the present situation of the poor quality and inefficiency of cataloguing work in the small-sized library, analyzes the reasons, and advances some improving suggestions.


Synopsis As a basis for improvillg the high temperature creep rupture strength of HK40 steel, an assessment has been made of the '!!fect of two carbide stabilizing elements such as Ti and Nb, on the creep properties of HK40 steel. An investigation was also conducted into the il/fluence of single and double additions of these elements on the grain boulI.dary morpholog), and subsequently on the creep rupture strel/gth. These studies led to the discovery of the suitable structure for high temperature applications, which was obtained by the combined additions of Ti and Nb 10 HK40 steel in the order (Ti +Nb)/C=::O.3 and Ti/(Ti+ Nb)=::O.3 in atomic ratios. As a result, a jine alld uniform dispersion of secondary carbides with dis cOlltinuous and irregular grain boundary morphology were obtail/ed, alld this morphology was fOlllld to be effective in retarding the crack propagatiol/ duril/g the tertiary creep period, causing an increase ill creep rupture time. HK40 steel improved by T i and Nb additions, whell compared at the same temperature, has a creep rupture strength about 1.7 times higher thall that oft he plaill HK40 steel, and at all. equal stress it call be used at temperatures about 100°C higher thall ill the plaill HK40 steel.


Leaf is an important organ for plants to obtain resources. Studying the relationships between its functional traits and environmental factors helps to better understand the ecological adaptability of plants to environmental changes. In this


Ontake volcano, Japan, erupted unexpectedly on September 27, 2014. Though the eruption was phreatic eruption, which is a relatively small explosion unaccompanied by fresh magma, more than 50 tourists became victims and the eruption is the Japan's deadliest volcanic disaster in more than a century. We start to study eruption process of September 27 eruption and transport and emplacement mechanisms of the eruptive products. This study focuses on magnetic minerals in the eruptive products and carried out rock magnetic measurements. Thermomagnetic measurements conducted in air showed irreversible curves. Induced magnetization increased remarkably above 400 ℃ and reached about five times of initial values around 470 ℃ . Magnetization decayed to almost zero up to 600 ℃ . During cooling, only one Tc of about 580 ℃ was obtained. Magnetization after the measurements is less than two times of initial values. Microscopic observation revealed abundant pyrite crystals were contained in the eruptive products. Our thermomagnetic results indicated magnetite was formed during the experiments by the oxidation of pyrite above 400 ℃ . This implies that the volcanic materials of this eruption were not heated to about 400 ℃ . In addition, thermomagnetic signal of sharp peak around 470 ℃ is observed characteristically in the eruptive products. It can be used as a marker of the eruptive products and we can evaluate how long and how far the eruptive products deposited around the summit of the volcano will transport to the base area.


Malaria is one of the most dangerous global diseases. This paper studies a reaction-diffusion model for the within-host dynamics of malaria infection with both antibody and cell-mediated immune responses. The model explores the interactions between uninfected red blood cells (erythrocytes), three types of infected red blood cells, free merozoites, CTLs and antibodies. It contains some parameters to measure the effect of antimalarial drugs and isoleucine starvation on the blood cycle of malaria infection. The basic properties of the model are discussed. All possible equilibrium points and the threshold conditions required for their existence are addressed. The global stability of all equilibria are proved by selecting suitable Lyapunov functionals and using LaSalle's invariance principle. The characteristic equations are used to study the local instability conditions of the equilibria. Some numerical simulations are conducted to support the theoretical results. The results indicate that antimalarial drugs with high efficacy can clear the infection and take the system towards the disease-free state. Increasing the efficacy of isoleucine starvation has a similar effect as antimalarial drugs and can eliminate the disease. The presence of immune responses with low efficacy of treatments does not provide a complete protection against the disease. However, the immune responses reduce the concentrations of all types of infected cells and limit the production of malaria parasites.


s: Background & objectives: Petrol pump workers are exposed to many noxious chemicals like benzene (C6H6) which has carcinogenic and haematotoxic effects. Current study was conducted to find out the effect of benzene and air pollutants exposure on granulocyte & agranulocyte counts, blood pressure and their correlation in petrol pump workers of Surat city. Methods: Thirty healthy male petrol pump workers and thirty (30) healthy male non-petrol pump workers aged 20-50 years were selected as study and control groups. Data regarding participant's age, height, weight, pulse rate, blood pressure etc. were recorded. Blood samples were collected in the morning (8-10AM). Data were presented as mean + SD and compared using unpaired t-test. p value < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Pearson's correlation factor (r) was found between granulocyte-agranulocyte counts and BMI, Pulse rate and blood pressure. Results: Lymphocyte counts were significantly lower in the study group (%LYM 34+8.6) than control group (38.4+6.7). Monocyte counts were significantly higher in study group (%MON 8.29+3.1) than the control group (6.64+1.6). Granulocyte counts were higher in study group (%GRA 57.17+15.03) than in the control group (54.92+7.29). Mean arterial pressure was significantly higher (92.35+2.2) in study group than in control group (90.22+3.0) and it shows significant positive correlation with leucocyte. Interpretation & conclusion: Long term exposure to benzene leads to decreased lymphocyte count which may be due to bone marrow suppression. Monocytes are significantly increased in petrol pump workers which might be due to subclinical inflammation and allergic reactions. Petrol pump workers have raised mean arterial blood pressure which might be due to adverse effect of air pollutants on autonomic nervous system.


Background: Atrial fibrillation and heart failure are closely related and share multiple risk factors. We aimed to apply the mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the bidirectional causal link between atrial fibrillation and heart failure, and the independent effect of potential risk factors on the risk of both conditions.

Methods: This is a two-sample MR study using publicly available summary-level statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Bidirectional MR was performed to explore the relation between atrial fibrillation and heart failure. A total of 14 factors were selected as potential risk factors, univariable MR analyses were used to identify shared risk factors, and then the multivariable MR analyses were further used to investigate the independent effect of these factors on both conditions. Inverse-variance-weighted MR (IVW-MR) were used to obtain the effect estimates.

Results: MR analysis found evidence of causal relationship between atrial fibrillation and heart failure (odds ratio [OR], 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-1.29), as well as between heart failure and atrial fibrillation (OR, 3.88; 95% CI, 1.45-10.37). Univariable MR analyses identified several shared risk factors for both conditions, including body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, smoking, coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction. After adjusting for atrial fibrillation, the observed associations between shared factors and heart failure kept stable, such as BMI, smoking, coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction. However, after adjusting for heart failure, the relationships between most risk factors and atrial fibrillation attenuated to null.

Conclusions: This two-sample MR study found a bidirectional relationship between atrial fibrillation and heart failure, and identified several shared risk factors of both conditions, which had an independent effect on the risk of heart failure while probably affected the risk of atrial fibrillation via cardiac impairment.

Funding: Start-up Fund for high-level talents of Fujian Medical University (grant no.XRCZX2021026) and Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (grant no. 2022J01706).


The COVID-19 pandemic has induced many changes to education in many contexts. In this study, we describe how general practitioners in training (residents) accomplish participation in collaborative reflection sessions conducted on Zoom. In this online setting, taking part in interactions is understood to be crucial to the creation of educational value. To study forms of participation used on Zoom, we recorded three group reflection sessions and examined them with Conversation Analysis. We focused on how participation is shaped by and is contingent upon the affordances of the online environment. Our analyses show that participants explicitly orient to the interactional accomplishment of participation in frameworks that change in the various phases of case discussion. Participants establish new procedures to deal with both familiar and sometimes new problems of participation introduced by the online environment. We describe these procedures in detail to contribute to the understanding of the accomplishment of participation through situated practices such as embodied talk-in-interaction. The findings can serve training purposes in online education across both medical and non-medical curricula.


My theory is a version of foundationalism. Foundationalism says that there are certain beliefs, the so-called "foundational beliefs," which we are justified in holding and which do not depend on any other beliefs for their justification. Perceptual beliefs, in my view, are foundational. Notice that the definition of foundational beliefs does not say that they do not depend on anything else for their justification; it says they do not depend on other beliefs for their justification. In my view, perceptual beliefs certainly do depend on something else for their justification: namely, perceptual experiences.


During the 1970's, artist Mira Schendel gets to know Hermann Schmitz' phenomenology, which becomes an important reference to her work. Schmitz' formulations deny not only platonic dualism, which divided the human being in body and soul, but also the Positivism in his understanding of science. In the following interview, he presents aspects of his thought that contribute to the understanding of Schendel's work.


Abstract Kraft pulp, the raw material in paper manufacturing, is obtained by exposing pieces of wood to a cooking process. The parameters of this process (temperatures, times, chemicals, etc.) depend strongly on the density of the different woods in the cooker and have an influence on the quality of the pulp that is obtained. In order to optimize both the production process and the pulp quality, one wishes to cook together woods having similar densities. However, given that the harvest areas contain limited quantities of trees and that wood densities vary significantly from one area to another, deciding how harvested wood from different areas should be mixed for processing is a significant operational decision in pulp production planning. This situation is modelled as a scheduling problem where one has to decide which harvested area goes to each available processing units in order to minimize the variance of wood densities within each cooker for each period of the planning horizon. We also present an approximated solution approach based on the formulation proposed. Some results are reported and the efficiency of the method is discussed.


Among orthopedic surgeons, interest in joint-preserving procedures is increasing. This is particularly evident in surgical treatment of patients with posterior tibial tendon dysfunction type II. Type II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction has 2 components: the posterior tibial tendon is enlarged, elongated, and functionally incompetent; and the subtalar, talonavicular, and calcaneocuboid joints remain passively flexible, allowing normal architecture of the foot to be attained manually. Especially interesting is a lateral column-lengthening procedure to adduct the forefoot, reducing the navicular bone on the talus, and to restore the medial longitudinal arch. Excellent clinical results have been obtained with lateral column lengthening and medial reconstruction (eg, flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer, with or without medial displacement of the posterior calcaneus, and gastrocnemius lengthening or triple hemisection of the Achilles tendon for tightness of the Achilles tendon). The purpose of this paper is to review the technical aspects of lateral column lengthening and to suggest an alternative fixation method that may be used in selected patients.


The main challenge of dynamic texture synthesis lies in how to maintain spatial and temporal consistency in synthesized videos. The major drawback of existing dynamic texture synthesis models comes from poor treatment of the long-range texture correlation and motion information. To address this problem, we incorporate a new loss term, called the Shifted Gram loss, to capture the structural and long-range correlation of the reference texture video. Furthermore, we introduce a frame sampling strategy to exploit long-period motion across multiple frames. With these two new techniques, the application scope of existing texture synthesis models can be extended. That is, they can synthesize not only homogeneous but also structured dynamic texture patterns. Thorough experimental results are provided to demonstrate that our proposed dynamic texture synthesis model offers state-of-the-art visual performance.


The image processing system (5) includes a plurality of coils channel receiving unit (26) and one or more processors or modules (38). A plurality of coils channel receiver (26) demodulates the magnetic resonance data from the multi-channel coil (10) comprising a spatially multiple coil elements which are separated from one another (16), each of the plurality of coil elements, transmits the magnetic resonance data in the corresponding channel (25). One or more processors or modules (38), the artifacts in magnetic resonance data, detected in each channel (26) is formed so. One or more processors or modules (38), the detected artifacts, from the channel containing only less artifact level threshold, selects the magnetic resonance data (27), by using the magnetic resonance data selected 1 One or more images to reconstruct the (32) is formed so.


Recent methodological research has addressed the important issue of sample size at each level when estimating multilevel models. Although several design factors have been investigated in these studies, differences between continuous and binary predictor variables have not been scrutinized (previous findings are based on models with continuous predictor variables). To help address this gap in the literature, this Monte Carlo study focused on the consequences of level-2 sparseness on the estimation of fixed and random effects coefficients in terms of model convergence and both point and interval parameter estimates. The 5,760 conditions simulated in the Monte Carlo study varied in terms of level-1 sample size, number of level-2 units, proportion of singletons (level-2 units with one observation), type of predictor, collinearity, intraclass correlation, and model complexity.


Captain Phillips film is one of the Hollywood films based on true story that raises
the issue of heroism as the theme. The researcher chose to explain the hero's
journey of the main character: Captain Phillips. It is because in this film Captain
Phillips is shown as an ordinary person, not a great one who has a super power like
the other superheroes in superhero films. However, the stages in Hero's Journey
theory fit into the character of Captain Phillips. This research employed a
qualitative method in describing about heroism in this film. The purpose of this
research is to analyze and describe the steps passed through by Captain Phillips in
Captain Phillips film. The theory used in this research is Hero's Journey Theory
proposed by Joseph Campbell and film theory by Amy Villarejo and Timothy
Heiderich. Based on Campbell theory, a hero will pass through three stages:
Departure, Initiation and Return stages. Based on the analysis, the researcher found
that Captain Phillips film contains only two stages while the stage of Return is not
discovered. On this research, the researcher found that Captain Phillips follows all
the steps in Departure and Initiation stages in Hero's Journey theory.


Updated view on the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Korea Deog Kyeom Kim, MD · Chin Kook Rhee, MD Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea


ABSTRACT Gaseous hydrocarbons occur in high concentrations in the Sparta aquifer in eastern Texas. To test whether these gases migrated from deep petroleum or gas reservoirs, comprehensive chemical and isotopic analyses were performed on the gaseous hydrocarbons and associated waters from 24 wells (40 - 2010 ft) in the Sparta aquifer and one well in the overlying Yegua aquifer. Similar analyses were also performed on gaseous hydrocarbons from petroleum and gas production wells in the area. Methane contents in the waters are highly variable, ranging from below detection limit to supersaturated with greater than 500 ml/1 in the head gas. The only other gaseous hydrocarbon detected in the groundwaters is ethane, which occurs in the head gas in concentrations of up to 0.4 ml/l. Six wells had gaseous hydrocarbon concentrations high enough to permit determination of 13C/12C ratios. The carbon isotopic compositions range from -62 to -52. These data, along with high C;1C2+, ratios, provide evidence that the gaseous hydrocarbons are derived predominantly from biogenic sources. However, the isotopic enrichment of the Sparta gases relative to Yegua gas (13C = -74) suggests that significant amounts of 13C enriched thermogenic gases may be leaking into the aquifer from deep-seated hydrocarbon deposits. The chemistry of the groundwater reflects input of carbon through the oxidation of humus and lignite, and to a lesser extent through the oxidation of methane and the fermentation of organic compounds.


Belgrade, a city of about 1,600,000 inhabitants, after years of modest or almost without any investment at all into transportation system, has initiated activities (in last two years) to overcome lack of investment in the street network. Conflicts between various strategies are very much present, and can be difficult to overcome. In 2001 and at the beginning of 2002, the city authorities, after detailed analysis, decided to adapt one of the main streets in the city center maximally for pedestrian traffic. Entire reconstruction was finished in six months. After reopening this street, considerable positive indicators have been recognized, such as increased pedestrian flow, lower level of pollution (by elimination of buses from the street, only trolleybuses are in use), and a reduction in accidents. For the covering abstract see ITRD E126595.


Objective:To investigate mechanism of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG) inhibited the proliferation of ovarian cancer HO-8910 cells.Methods:EGCG inhibited HO-8910 cellular proliferation was observed by the drawing cellular growth curve, plate colony formation and soft agar colony formation.The expressions of AKT1,Mdm-2 and p53 proteins were detected by Western-blotting.Results:1.The results of cellular growth curve,plate colony formation and soft agar colony formation showed that EGCG active depressed the proliferation of HO-8910 cells with treatment time extended(n=3,P0.05).2.The western-blotting results exhibited that the expressions of AKT1 and Mdm-2 proteins in HO-8910 cells obviously decreased,but the expression of p53 protein increased after EGCG dealing with it(P0.05).Conclusion:EGCG depressed the expressions of AKT1,Mdm-2 proteins in HO-8910 cells and increased the expression of p53 protein to inhibit the cellular proliferation.


As a new paradigm in the sustainable construction industry, Building Information Modeling (BIM) has a great potential for professionals. The main objective of this paper evaluates the adoption and implementation of BIM into Sri Lankan construction industry. Thus the study mainly tested the hypothesis that effective usage of BIM applications increases the effectiveness and efficiency of service delivery in Sri Lankan construction industry. Data wascollated through a designed questionnaire by examining the factors which act as barriers to the implementation of BIM and determine factors which may increase the efficiency and effectiveness of BIM implementation in the Sri Lankan construction industry. In this study, a questionnaire survey based on the nonprobability sampling was carried out to gather the possible inefficiencies, barriers and driving factors for BIM implementation in Sri Lankan construction industry. Further, the relative importance index (RII) formula was utilized to establish the respondent's ranking on each of the BIM implementation inefficiencies, barriers and driving factors. Research findings indicate that adoption and implementation of BIM was affected by the financial strength of a company. Further, cost of implementation is high with an RII value of 0.945 and it is the most significant challenge of BIM implementation in the Sri Lankan construction Industry. Enhancing BIM training program with RII of 0.940 and conducting Seminars, workshops and short courses with RII values of 0.930 are identified as the most significant approaches to overcoming the barriers of BIM implementation and adoption in Sri Lanka. Therefore, based on the findings of this study, effective usage of BIM applications increases the effectiveness and efficiency of service delivery in Sri Lankan construction industry.


YBa2Cu3O7−δ superconductor–normal–superconductor junctions in step‐edge geometry are fabricated by an in situ process using off‐axis sputter deposition. Gold is used as the normal metal interlayer. A special inhibiting layer is introduced to ensure proper separation of the superconducting electrodes. The temperature dependence of the critical current Ic is nearly linear. The junctions show high normal resistances up to RN=10 Ω and high IcRN products up to 8.8 mV at 4.2 K. I–V characteristics exhibit a large excess current Iex over the whole temperature range, even for electrically narrow junctions. The power dependence of Shapiro step heights shows characteristic deviations from the resistively and capacitively shunted junction model. Calculations using the time‐dependent Ginzburg–Landau equations are carried out to model the measured I–V characteristics with and without microwave irradiation. A point‐contact‐like superconductor–constriction–superconductor model is suggested to explain the excess current ...


Giving up to the traditional software platform and method,a new method to construct the large-scale VR simulation system was discussed based on four data sources,which was named Digital Elevation Model(DEM),Digital Orthophoto Map(DOM),Digital Line Graphic(DLG),Digital Model(DM) and applied with VRMap software platform.It not only can be used to rebuilt the true landscape of the whole city based on virtual reality technology,but also construct the city VR simulation system in the end.This new method overcomes the difficulties of the traditional software platform and method,such as unsupported relative amount of data,bad openness of the system,big difficulty of the technology and large price etc.,which provides more reliable assurance for city planning and sustainable development of the cities.


Multi-storey residential buildings in high-density urban areas, especially in a tropical climate like Thailand, tend to suffer poorer indoor environmental quality. Such a significant impact increases the risks of health issues. However, there has been little study exploring the reason and identifying potential solutions. This research tackles the problems of thermal comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ) in multi-storey residential buildings in high-density urban areas (2,400 people/km 2 ) in Chiang Mai, Thailand (equatorial, winter dry climate). The survey explored occupants' behaviour characteristics in relation to their indoor air quality and comfort perceptions. 482 responses from adult occupants were received (400 responses were required for results to have a 95% confidence level). Cronbach's alpha, Spearman's rank, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression analysis methods were applied to analyse data; the five key results are summarised as follows: (1) five critical factors for overall comfort satisfaction were identified as temperature, natural lighting, ventilation, room privacy, and humidity (in order of importance); (2) activities which generate moisture (e.g., washing clothes, hanging clothes to dry, cooking) have a strong negative correlation with IAQ perception; (3) factors such as natural lighting and ventilation had a significant positive relationship with IAQ, while humidity and mould had a negative relationship with the IAQ; (4) natural lighting and air freshness were the strongest influences on occupant's humidity comfort; and (5) ventilation and air freshness positively correlate with ventilation comfort, whereas humidity negatively correlated with the comfort (at a significant level). This study proposes design guidelines to improve the comfort. Built environment professionals from Thailand will be consulted on the proposed design, which may assist architects and engineers in generating IAQ improvement for their occupants, achieving indoor comfort.


Fluent reading is thought to be essential for developing effi cient reading and comprehension abilities. Studies on reading fl uency indicate that it can be developed through various means such as extensive reading, repeated readings and timed readings. This article reports on an investigation of the reading rate gains of Shimane University freshman in two classes during a one-semester general English course. One class did timed reading practice (Class A, N = 17) and the other class did timed writing practice (Class B, N = 15). Class A achieved higher reading rate gains (14.4 standard wpm) than Class B (7.64 standard wpm), without a decrease in comprehension. These results inform pedagogy as well as give us a reference point to evaluate the effects of timed reading and writing practice on reading fl uency development in this particular setting.


This paper builds a modeling of software system for sonar-display-command platform using UML(Unified Modeling Language).The model can suit the more various requirements.The models for diagrams as use the case diagram,the sequence diagram and the class diagram have been built.A display-command platform software system based on UML for towed array sonar has been achieved.


We price derivatives defined for different asset classes with a full stochastic dependence structure. We consider jointly geometric Brownian motions and mean-reversion processes with a a stochastic variance-covariance matrix driven by a Wishart process. These models cannot be treated within the well-known affine class methods without any transformations. A non-linear transformation is used in order to obtain an equivalent affine model. We develop the necessary Laplace and Fast Fourier Theory for the semi-analytical pricing formula.


Assuming rectilinear propagation in a linearly stratified medium, a method of estimating single-path band transmission factors from double-path measurements is described. Precise analytical bounds for the uncertainty in the estimates are derived.


In December 1996, PM 4 of Gebr Lang GmbH was rebuilt and an on-line Janus calender was installed. As a result, the demand for high-grade DIP increased by 135% and could not possibly be met by line No. 2 with dual flotation that had been commissioned in 1992 end line No. 1 with single flotation. This is why the management decided in March 1997 to rebuild line No. 1. i The article outlines the objectives of the rebuild, its concept and its implementation. Following a cost effectiveness evaluation, the results achieved are checked against the set aims.


It has a greatly significant effect on bearing capacity of the frictiontype castinplace pile formed by percussion or drilling that pile lateral mud is too thick. The pile lateral mud problem is analysed in this paper. Effective measure and propose about design is putted forward also.


The numeral measure of the penetration of electric field in semiconductors is calculated. In the dependence of penetration depth of the electric field from value applied electric field was found maximum. Appraisal of mean difference of the potential between neighbouring crystallites of polycrystal specimen is adduced.


Introduction: Headache is one the most common nuisances known to men. About 65% of patients seen in headache clinics suffer from migraine, 25% from tension type headache and about 10% from other types of headaches. Most people experience mood and behavior changes as accompanying feature during a headache attack. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the different types of personality characteristics in patients with migraine and tension type headache. Methods: In a cross sectional study, all neurology and psychiatry outpatients of 5thAzar clinics of Gorgan, referred with chief complaint of headache were examined during 2007-2008. Patients with a final diagnosis of migraine or tension type headache were included. They filled short form of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Results: From 160 patients, 148 (92.5%) were women and 12(7.5%) were men. 96 patients (60%) had tension type headache and 64 (41.2%) had migraine. In tension type headache, depressed personality (43.8%) and hysterical personality (16.4%) were more common, but in migraine group, depressed personality (48.9%) and paranoid personality (20%) had higher frequency.


The preliminary results in the fabrication of off-axis optical surfaces are presented. The propose using the conventional polishing method and with the surface under mechanical stress at its edges. It starts fabricating a spherical surface using ZERODUR® optical glass with the conventional polishing method, the surface is deformed by applying tension and/or compression at the surface edges using a specially designed mechanical mount. To know the necessary deformation, the interferogram of the deformed surface is analyzed in real time with a ZYGO® Mark II Fizeau type interferometer, the mechanical stress is applied until obtain the inverse interferogram associated to the off-axis surface that we need to fabricate. Polishing process is carried out again until obtain a spherical surface, then mechanical stress in the edges are removed and compares the actual interferogram with the theoretical associated to the off-axis surface. To analyze the resulting interferograms of the surface we used the phase shifting analysis method by using a piezoelectric phase-shifter and Durango® interferometry software from Diffraction International™.


The main objective of this work is the exploitation of geothermal energy contained in the soil. It is therefore a study related to an air / ground heat exchanger. Thus, we have established an analytical model that allows us to describe the behavior of the air temperature along the interchange, assumed to be located in Toliara and in a region that has weather data and soil characteristics similar of our soil in Toliara, in the south western region of Madagascar. The calculation, related to the temperature leaving the exchanger, is based on the Bessel function and the periodic resolution of the signal. As in the majority of the practical cases, we resorted to empirical relations which are based on the simplifying hypotheses such as the admission of a constant average value of this parameter for the whole surface of transfer. For the simulation of the parameters determining the functioning, we have written computer programs under MATLAB, which comprise two main programs. The first program was used to estimate the soil temperature in order to know the variation of the soil temperature at several levels of depth as a function of time. The soil temperature mainly affects the performance of such a phenomenon because the soil, at a certain depth, becomes the primary factor for heat exchange between the air circulating inside the exchanger and the environment. which surrounds it.The second program concerns the calculation of the air temperature while varying the thermal design parameters of the exchanger. These sizing parameters concerning the characteristic quantities of the earth-to-air heat exchanger are: length, diameter and the velocity of air flow in the buried tube.


The research progress on corrosion scales formed in high temperature and high pressure CO_2 containing environments has been reviewed.The formation mechanisms,main influencing factors,structure,deposition process,mechanical properties and electrochemical behavior of CO_2 corrosion scales in the above mentioned enviroments are introduced.The relevant research directions in the future are also discussed.