The effect of the Ta content on the structure, mechanical properties and adhesion of magnetron-sputtered Ti1-x-y-zAlxTaySizN coatings was studied. According to the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis, the coatings studied had the following chemical compositions: Ti0.41Al0.49Si0.10N, Ti0.38Al0.47Ta0.05Si0.10N, Ti0.36Al0.44Ta0.10Si0.10N and Ti0.35Al0.40Ta0.15Si0.10N. The X-ray diffraction experiments revealed the B1-type fcc crystal structure of the coatings. The increasing Ta content was found to induce the texture evolution from (200) to (111), which was attributed to a significant increase in the residual compressive stress in the coatings. The hardness monotonically increased from 32.7 to 42.2 GPa with increasing the Ta content, while the reduced Young's modulus decreased from 369 to 353 GPa. The adhesion of the coatings to the Ti substrate was evaluated by scratch testing. It was found that the Ti0.36Al0.44Ta0.10Si0.10N coating was characterized by maximum adhesion strength, while incorporation of a larger amount of Ta resulted in earlier coating spallation due to the high residual compressive stress.


42 infants gestation <32 weeks (28.6±2.16.M±SD) received supplementary parenteral nutrition. Birthweight 1099±388g (M±SD) (19 <1kg). 37 infants were ventilated on day 1 and 29 on day 6. Dextrose, electrolytes, amino acids and lipids were given to supplement expressed breast milk or formula. The total nitrogen intake and proportion provided by the amino acids were 0.09 (range 0.01-0.38)g/kg/d (65%) on day 1 and 0.3 (range 0.07c 0.48)g/kg/d (66%) on day 6. The total calorie: nitrogen ratio on day 1 was 847 and this decreased to 264 on day 6. The reduction of body weight during the 6 days was 6%. Plasma albumin increased 11% from 22.4±6.4 (M±SD)g/L to 25.0±5.0g/L (p<0.05). Daily plasma, electrolytes, glucose, urea were all normal but the mean plasma phosphate fell to less than 1mmol/L on days 4-6. The mean plasma alkaline phosphatase of 209±87 (M±SD)IU/L on day 1 rose to 270±115IU/L by day 5 (p<0.01). The total bilirubin rose from 99.7±52 (M±SD)umoles/L on day 1 to peak at 130±49umoles on day 4 to fall to 104±55umoles/L on day 6. This was thought to represent 'normal' preterm hyperbilirubinaemia. Overall the metabolic tolerance of the preparation in these immature and sick infants was excellent.


This chapter asks: How can we value imperfections, given that they are imperfections? When those imperfections are bundled up in something that has value for us (a memento, a loved one), that relation to us changes the value of the imperfection from wholly negative to partly negative and partly positive. This is not the claim that the whole can have a value different than the sum of the parts. Rather, it is the claim that the part's value can change based on its relationship to the whole, when the whole has a particular relation to the valuer. Some such imperfections become good overall, while some stay in the bad column—but either way we can value them.


A method to measure cottenseed oil and oily seed-coat fragments in raw cotton and waste residues has been developed. Carbon tetrachloride is used to extract cottonseed oil from the Shirley analyzer waste of a known amount of cotton or from a waste residue. The amount of cottonseed oil is determined by quantitative infrared analysis, and can be related to seed-coat fragment content. Results of tests on cottons from several ginning studies show that both cottonseed oil content and seed-coat fragment content vary with ginning treatment. Excess cottonseed oil in cotton contributes to sticking problems in yarn manufacturing, with the problem being particularly acute at the card crush rolls.


A research project was carried out to develop and test
a prototype seismic tomographic system suitable for
use in the exploration, mining and civil engineering
industries. Tomographic techniques are attractive
because they can provide information from the
unknown areas between drill-holes and are nondestructive,
which is particularly important for civil
engineering and radioactive waste disposal projects.
The starting point was the SEAMEX-Compact seismic
system, developed in 1991 for use in the coal
industry, which had limited capabilities. Prototype
development involved the redesign of existing seismic
systems, development and assembly of compact units
and production of new acquisition and control software.
Emphasis was placed on high dynamic range
and control mechanisms. The prototype system was
named SUMMIT-Compact and the final version is
much advanced from the SEAMEX system.


A model potential-energy function comprising both two- and three-atom contributions is proposed to describe interactions in solid and liquid forms of Si. Implications of this potential are then explored by molecular-dynamics computer simulation, using 216 atoms with periodic boundary conditions. Starting with the diamond-structure crystal at low temperature, heating causes spontaneous nucleation and melting. The resulting liquid structurally resembles the real Si melt. By carrying out steepest-descent mappings of system configurations onto potential-energy minima, two main conclusions emerge: (1) a temperature-independent inherent structure underlies the liquid phase, just as for ``simple'' liquids with only pair interactions; (2) the Lindemann melting criterion for the crystal apparently can be supplemented by a freezing criterion for the liquid, where both involve critical values of appropriately defined mean displacements from potential minima.


This article givesan information about the artistic embodiment of the tradition of Eastern and Uzbek classical poetry of a number of images in the poetry ofZahirad-Din Muhammad Babur. The problem of interpretation of the divine, literary and historical symbols depicted in the lyrics of Babur is revealed.


A calculation of the 1s2s1S-1s epsilon p1P transition oscillator strength in helium is reported. Agreement to well within 1% between the dipole-length and dipole-velocity values is obtained. The results are believed to represent a considerable improvement in accuracy on the close-coupling calculations of Jacobs (1974).


Phthiriasis palpebrarum and is not a rare condition especially when hygienic conditions are inadequate. We present a case of phthiriasis palpebrarum in a 48-year-old female who was treated with a new medical approach, pure vaseline and povidone iodine mixture. Being more effective, cheaper, able to access it more easily and almost having no side effects are the advantages this regimen apart from others. ( Sakarya Med J 2016, 6(1):38-41 )


Airport runway pavement always subjected to huge impact loading due to the hard landing of aircraft on the pavement surface. Therefore runway pavements should have sufficient impact resistance capability to avoid damage causing by hard impact like surface deflection in downward or penetration since the repair works is cumbersome within the operating condition of airport and also increases the service life cost of the pavement structure. Several research works have been carried out on airport runway pavement to measure the present condition of pavement and also to predict future performance of it. However, most of the works are confined by pavement response under moving aircraft loading. Nevertheless, no comprehensive research work is yet conducted to identify the controlling factors which might have significant effect in changing the common pavements damage like surface penetration depth under impact of aircraft. Therefore, a 3D FE study is conducted to determine some effective factors in controlling the top surface penetration depth of runway pavement. Among the exterior factors, mass of the impactor, velocity of the impactor, impact angle and boundary conditions are selected and as interior factors, thickness of the runway pavement, compressive strength and density of materials used in the runway pavement are selected.


Compressed sensing is a novel methodology in data processing, which takes an advantage of the fact that most signals are sparse (have a small number of nonzeros), or admit a sparse representation, i.e., can be represented as a linear combination of few elements of a given frame (dictionary). Sparsity then allows one to recover the signal from considerably fewer linear measurements than what is required by traditional methods. In the first part of the thesis, we exploit sparse geometric structure of the signal. We consider signals consisting of unions of a few discrete lines as the simplest case of geometric sparsity. We investigate the frame properties of the system of discrete lines and the application of compressed sensing to such signal models, for example, for separating discrete lines and points. The second type of structured sparsity that we consider is, signals which are sparse in a dictionary of timeand frequency-shifts, i.e., a Gabor system. We are interested in Gabor systems generated by difference sets, which can be seen as lines in (finite) projective geometry. We further view this system as a fusion frame, show that it is optimally sparse, and moreover an equidistant tight fusion frame, i.e. it is an optimal Grassmannian packing. In the second half of this thesis, we move from compressed sensing to phase retrieval: if compressed sensing studies the recovery of signals from a set of linear, non-adaptive measurements, phase retrieval tries to recover signals from only the absolute values of those measurements. In general, the signal in the phase retrieval problem is not necessarily sparse, but there has been an increased interest in the recent years in including the sparsity assumption for this problem, and by that lowering the number of measurements needed for recovery of the signal. We investigate the case when the signal itself is not sparse, but it has a sparse representation in an arbitrary dictionary. Finally, we consider the phase retrieval problem in the case when the measurements are timeand frequency-shifts of a suitably chosen generator. We prove an injectivity condition for recovery of any signal from all time-frequency shifts, and for recovery of sparse signals, when only some of those measurements are given. We discuss which generators are suitable for sparse phase retrieval from Gabor measurements, and provide an algorithm for solving this problem.


A path re-searching method using drag input in a navigation system is provided to re-search a path quickly and simply, and to ensure the safe drive environment and reduce the input error. A path re-searching method using drag input in a navigation system comprises a first step for receiving drag input from the user(S140), a second step determining one or both the direction and length of the received drag input(S150), and a third step for re-searching a path according to the determined direction or/and length of the drag input(S160).


Vapor‐deposited Cu‐Au thin films were produced containing composition modulations with wavelengths between 8 and 26 A. The modulations produced satellite peaks in the x‐ray diffraction patterns. Amplification factors and the corresponding diffusion coefficients were obtained by measuring the decay rate of the satellite intensities. The amplification factor reached a maximum at 17 A and decreased at both shorter and longer wavelengths. Interdiffusion coefficients between 10−21 and 10−19 cm2/sec were measured over the temperature range 200–260 °C. The effective diffusion coefficient is linearly dependent on the function B2(λ) for λ≳10 A. From the wavelength dependence of the measured diffusivities, a gradient‐energy coefficient of −4.7×10−6 erg/cm was obtained and is in good agreement with theoretical estimates. These experimental results were compared with the predictions from a proposed model for diffusion on cubic lattices.


Intergovernmental councils not only increase the effectiveness and efficiency of public policy-making, they can also contribute to federal stability. Regular meetings of members of governments shape the way federal systems deal with the increasingly interdependent relationship between the governments of a federation. When policy problems cut across jurisdictions, governments' autonomy is at stake. Looking at examples of major reforms of fiscal policy in Australia, Canada, Germany, and Switzerland, this article identifies the conditions under which intergovernmental councils protect governments' authority, discretion, and resources so as to avoid federal tensions. Federal governments, in particular, have been eager to get involved in many policy areas for which the constituent units are responsible. Hence, the extent to which intergovernmental councils contribute to the stability of today's federations ultimately depends on their ability to make the federal government agree on joint solutions with the federated entities. Intergovernmental Councils and the Stability of Federal Systems | 2 Introduction: The Purpose of Intergovernmental Councils Various interdependencies exist between the governments of a federation. In response to these interdependencies, many federations across the world have established intergovernmental councils, especially since the second half of the 20th century. A prominent example is the Council of the Federation, established by Canada's premiers in 2003. Councils such as the Swiss Conference of Ministers of Education (established 1897) were created even before. Intergovernmental councils are more or less regular meetings of members of the executive branch of different governments of a federal system (primeministers, ministers). Different types of councils exist depending on their policy scope, regional focus, and the participation or not of the federal government (Bolleyer, 2009). In federal states, power is distributed between two levels of government (Elazar, 1987; Hueglin & Fenna, 2015; Riker, 1964; Watts, 2008), but this division of power is never neat. Governments are mutually dependent in many regards. Responsibilities overlap, policy areas interact, and many public issues cut across several policy areas. Consequently, most policy problems concern several governments of a federation. In the course of the 20th century, these interdependencies have increased. Against this backdrop, it is widely acknowledged in the literature on intergovernmental relations and policy coordination that intergovernmental councils can increase the effectiveness and efficiency of policy-making by avoiding redundancies, duplication, and overlaps (Bolleyer, 2009; Poirier, Saunders, & Kincaid, 2015). However, by making governments reach joint solutions to policy problems that cut across jurisdictions, intergovernmental councils also contribute to federal stability. Disruptive Unilateralism and Federal (In)Stability In federal states, changes to the distribution of power require the consent of both levels of government (Watts, 2008, p. 9). When policy problems affect several governments of a federation, but individual governments decide to solve them unilaterally, this fundamental principle of federalism is violated. The reason is that such unilateralism potentially limits the other governments' autonomy. They lose power without giving their consent, which can cause tensions in federal relations and thus lead to federal instability. Such unilateralism can take three forms. The harshest type of unilateral problem-solving consists of individual solutions, which governments enact on their own without considering their impacts on other governments and without the latter being consulted. Federal imposition, the second type of unilateralism, can be more or less disruptive. If governments jointly adopt a policy solution, so that both levels give their formal consent, but the federal government defines all or the key parameters, confronting the federated entities with a fait accompli, the constituent units lose a significant degree of autonomy, though less so than in the case of individual solutions. Autonomy losses of the federated entities are less important, though not negligible, if the federal government only sets minor parameters of a jointly adopted policy solution. Non-compliance with a joint solution, finally, can be as disruptive as individual solutions if governments ignore the existence of a jointly-agreed solution altogether. On the other hand, non-compliance might be less harsh, namely when one or all governments defect on certain parts of the jointly adopted solution only. Ultimately, the disruptive character of the three types of unilateral solutions also depends on the extent to which they run against the interests and preferences of the governments which potentially lose power. If unilateral solutions correspond to some or most interests of the other governments, losses of discretion (or authority) may be more acceptable to them. Thus, such unilateralism is less likely to cause federal tensions. Intergovernmental Councils and the Stability of Federal Systems | 3 Collaborative Joint Solutions and the Design of Intergovernmental Councils 'Collaborative joint solutions', on the other hand, avoid unwanted shifts of autonomy. Whereas they may alter the distribution of power, such changes are agreed upon by all federal actors, and federal stability is maintained. Joint solutions are collaborative if they are not only formally adopted by all governments, but if all governments are involved in their design, and if all governments comply with them. Intergovernmental councils encourage governments of a federation to find collaborative joint solutions. However, the extent to which they successfully incentivise governments to reach such solutions depends on their design. Firstly, councils have to operate in such a way that they are able to process federally salient matters, instead of excluding them from their agenda. In the latter case, a joint solution is not even developed or governments merely agree on the lowest common denominator.[1] If politicians can send their staff to represent them at council meetings, this condition is not fulfilled. Officials lack the legitimacy to make political decisions, and coordination will be limited to technical, non-contentious issues. The use of circular resolution as opposed to face-to-face decision-making also compromises councils' ability to deal with federally salient policy problems. Secondly, councils should be highly institutionalised, so that coordination is a continuous process in the course of which interests and preferences of all governments are accommodated. Moreover, a high level of institutionalisation increases exit costs. Thirdly, the federal government must not dominate councils' agenda so that it cannot impose policy solutions on the constituent units. Meetings should be chaired on a rotating basis, and the council secretariat should be independent. Put differently, the federal government must not preside council meetings on a permanent basis and it should not oversee the council administration. Intergovernmental Councils and Fiscal Policy Such strong councils exist in Germany and Switzerland, as the enactment of two recent reforms of fiscal policy shows. In federal systems, fiscal policy is a particularly salient policy area, where agreement can be difficult to reach. Yet, both the Debt Brake (2009) in Germany and Switzerland's Corporate Tax Reform III (CRT III)[1] are examples of collaborative joint solutions brought about by intergovernmental councils. All governments participated in the development of these reforms and jointly adopted them. Losses of autonomy were equally distributed. All German Länder but Saarland have implemented the Debt Brake by introducing deficit and debt limits in their legislation, which is an indicator of compliance.[2] The councils involved in the enactment of the Debt Brake, namely the Federalism Reform Commission II and the German Bundesrat, have the capacity to deal with a federally salient matter such as deficit and debt limits. While the Debt Brake shows certain signs of a lowest common denominator solution, which suggests that certain aspects had to be excluded from the agenda for their contentiousness, it nevertheless constitutes a comprehensive solution to the deficit problem. It can be considered a success that a joint fiscal rule was entrenched in the federal constitution in the first place. Similarly, the Projektorganisation Unternehmenssteuerreform III and the Conference of Cantonal Directors of Finance (Finanzdirektorenkonferenz, FDK), which were responsible for designing the CRT III, discussed various aspects of the new tax system, so that a comprehensive solution was established. Further reasons why these councils reached agreement on such sensitive issues as deficit-making and corporate taxes is that external pressure was high. Germany had to solve its debt problem after enacting fiscal stimulus measures during the Global Financial Crisis (Heinz, 2012). Additional pressure came from the Constitutional Court. Pressure on Switzerland to reform its corporate tax system came from the European Union and the OECD as well as international tax competition. The councils that developed these reforms are highly institutionalised. Thus, they met on a regular basis, as stipulated in their terms of reference. In a first phase, council members built consensus on the broader directions of reform, drawing on Intergovernmental Councils and the Stability of Federal Systems | 4 proposals and recommendations from committees and working groups, going back and forth between different drafts. In a second phase, they settled the more detailed provisions and regulations, again iterating between drafts and their updates. This procedure ensured that all governments could provide input throughout the entire process and at various stage


The democratization of 3D techniques in recent years provides exciting new opportunities for the study of complex fossils. In the present contribution, we provide a virtual reconstruction of a partial, disarticulated metriorhynchid (Metriorhynchidae, Thalattosuchia, Crocodylomorpha) skull from the Late Jurassic of northwestern Switzerland. This virtual reconstruction was used to produce high quality scientific illustrations of the whole skull for descriptive purposes. The reconstructed skull also served for the estimation of the total body length of the specimen and to propose a life reconstruction of the animal in its paleoenvironment. In an effort for transparency, we review the sources that were consulted for the life reconstruction and explain the choices that we had to make.


The new type A6N01 aluminum alloy used in the high-speed vehicles was welded by MIG welding.The microstructures and mechanical properties of the welding joints were observed and analyzed by OM,SEM,TEM,microhardness and tensile testers.The results show that equiaxial as-cast microstructures exist in the welding metal.The columnar grains are formed in the fusion zone next to the welding seam.In the heat-affected zone(HAZ),the grains of over-aging zone are coarser than those of quenching zone.The softening region exists in the over aging zone of HAZ.The β′(Mg2Si) transitional strengthening phases precipitate in A6N01 aluminum alloy base metal.The β′ phase presents claval shape.The β(Mg2Si) stable strengthening phases precipitate in HAZ,which present coarse claval shape.The microhardness of welding seam is the lowest in the joint,which is about 65 HV.The tensile strength of the joint is 270 MPa,and the elongation after fracture is 6.0%.


SUMMARY relevant epitope in the invasion process in vitro by the merozoite. This assay was a useful tool to evaluate in vitro protective Mabs implicated in the inhibition of invasion. Objective. Antibodies are glycoproteins that can protect against diseases like malaria by binding and neutralizing parasites. The effect of antibodies on surface proteins is to block invasion. In this work, we developed an assay to evaluate the inhibition of invasion of Plasmodium yoelii mediated by the Merozoite Surface Protein 1 (MSP-1), which is one of the invasive blood stages of the malaria parasite, using several Monoclonal Antibodies (Mabs) raised against a 19 kDa fraction of MSP-1 (MSP-1 19 ). Material and Methods. Mabs were previously evaluated in a passive transfer experiment which inhibited the growth of the parasite and were characterized. A panel of five of these Mabs (B10, B6, F5, D3 and D9) raised against the C-terminal fragment of MSP-1 from P yoelii were used to evaluate the inhibition of invasion. An ANOVA test was used to compare the inhibition effect. Results. The protective and partially protective Mabs were evaluated in a growth assay in vitro. The inhibition effect of invasion was determined as significant (p<0.05) for Mab F5. The results suggest that Mab F5, an IgG3 which recognizes the first epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like module of the fragment C-terminal of MSP-1 19 , can interfere with erythrocytes invasion in vitro, in the first 30 minutes of the invasion. Conclusions. This suggests that the first module of MSP-1 19 , which is recognized by Mab F5, is a


This chapter applies economic theory to the analysis of the business operations of a professional sports league. Special emphasis is given to the implications of the player reservation system-the rules structure for the distribution of playing strengths among the teams in a league-since partisans of professional sports claim that this system is essential to the goal of "equalizing competitive playing strengths" among teams.


Background: Tenascin-C (TnC) is a matricellular protein that is generally expressed during embryogenesis and in pathological settings; however, little is known about the role of TnC in maladaptive LV remodeling in response to chronic pressure-induced hypertrophy.

Methods: Aortic constriction was performed in TnC null mice and control wild type mice (all mice in C57BL6 background). The aorta between the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries was constricted by tying a silk ligature against a 28-gauge needle for to yield a~33% narrowing of the aortic luminal diameter when the needle is removed. The LV size and function was assessed by two-dimensional guided M-mode echocardiography. Aortic blood pressure proximal to the constriction site was calculated by adding the pressure gradient across the constriction (measured by pulse Doppler) to the post-constriction blood pressure measured in the tail using a special cuff. LV mass was measured after euthanizing the mice at one month and histology was used to estimate myocardial fibrosis.

Results: Before aortic constriction, LV size, EF and shortening fraction were similar in TnC null and wild type control mice. One month after constriction, the LV end diastolic diameter was larger in TnC null compared to wild type control mice (4.6 ± 0.5 vs 3.7 ± 0.2; p<0.001), the LVEF was lower in TnC null compared to wild type control mice (47.3 ± 10.7 vs. 60.7 ± 3.8; p<0.001), the fractional LV shortening was lower in TnC null compared to wild type control mice (24.2 ± 5.9 vs. 31.9 ± 2.6; p<0.001), the heart weight in mg/gram of body weight was higher in TnC null compared to wild type control mice (6.9 ± 1 vs. 5.1 ± 0.1; p<0.05). Collagen staining revealed that LV fibrosis was abundant in TnC null mice whereas it was scant in wild type control mice. There were no significant differences in the calculated proximal aortic blood pressure, the pressure gradient across the constriction, or the tail blood pressure or total body weight between the two groups of mice.

Conclusions: TnC gene deletion is associated with maladptive LV remodeling, reduced LV systolic function and increased LV fibrosis in response to chronic pressure overload identifying a potentially beneficial role for TnC in myocardial response to pressure overload.


Insomnia is difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep or sleep that is not good. These disorders can be temporary or permanent. The complaint most often delivered by insomnia patients, namely: difficult start to sleep, difficulty waking up from sleep, it's hard to go back to sleep after waking up in the middle of the night and quickly get up in the morning. One non-pharmacological therapy that can be used in treating sleep pattern is a rose aroma therapy. The aim of this study was to determine the Influence of Roses Aromatherapy to Disorders Sleep Patterns (Insomnia) in Elderly in Desa Manunggal Kecamatan Karang Bintang Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu in 2016.
This study was a quantitative by using a pre-experimental design with one group pretest-posttest by the collection of samples using purposive sampling method was 20 elderly aged> 65 years old
The results of this study was the Wilcoxon test, there was influence of rose aroma therapy to the disorders of sleep patterns (insomnia) in the elderly age> 65 years old after the intervention with p-value = 0.000 (p <0.05).
The conclusion of this study that there was the influence of rose aroma therapy to the disorders of sleep patterns (insomnia) in the elderly aged> 65 years old. Thus the elderly experience insomnia are suggested to apply roses aromatherapy with the aid of healt practitioners as to their resolve insomnia.


Chapter 1. In classical algebra there arise structures of the form A = (A; EB, 0; ::::;) consisting of a monoid (A; EB, 0) and a EB-compatible partial order ::::; with least element 0, that are residuated in the sense that there exists a binary operation --'-on A characterized by the rule x ::::; y EB z iff x --'-z ::::; y. The structure A satisfies x ::::; y iff x --'-y ~ 0 and is therefore first-order definitionally equivalent to an algebra (A; EB, --'--,0), which we call a polrim. The examples of ordinal addition and ideal multiplication in rings are discussed. A ( --'-,O)-subreduct of a polrim is called a left residuation algebra. The class of all polrims [resp. left residuation algebras] is a quasivariety which we denote by .eM [resp. .eR]. We investigate (and axiomatize, where necessary) these classes. We also characterize the ( --'-,O)-reducts of polrims. Chapter 2. The classes .eM and .eR arise naturally in logic. In [OK85], Ono and Komori defined a Gentzen-style logic L BK that is obtained from Gentzen's formulation LJ of intuitionistic propositionallogic by dropping the (structural) rules of exchange and contraction and adding a new 'weak' conjunction &. They also define a Hilbert-style logic HBK I that is 'logically equivalent' to LBK . We axiomatize HBK in such a way that its proof theory has a 'separation theorem'. Assume {---t} ~ C ~ {&,---t, V,A,l.}. We show that C-HBK , the C-fragment of HBK , is algebraizable in the sense of Blok and Pigozzi [BP89]. We denote its equivalent quasivariety semantics by Hc ., where C* is a set of operation symbols in {EB, --'-, n, u, I} corresponding to C. Then H{ffi,"':"'} [resp. H{...:...}] is definitionally equivalent to .eM [resp . .eR]. (The constant 0 is x --'-x.) We axiomatize each H c • and show that H{...:..., n} and H{...:..., n ,I} are not finitely axiomatizable. The results answer a question posed in [OK85]. 1In [OK85], LBK and HBK are denoted LBCC and HBCC, respectively.


Most people would have heard of, or seen (whether in person or in photographs), the famous White Cliffs of Dover in southern England. The same beds of chalk are also found along the coast of France on the other side of the English Channel. The chalk beds extend inland across England and northern France, being found as far north and west as the Antrim Coast and adjoining areas of Northern Ireland. Extensive chalk beds are also found in North America, through Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee (the Selma Chalk), in Nebraska and adjoining states (the Niobrara Chalk), and in Kansas (the Fort Hayes Chalk) (Pettijohn, 1957). The Latin word for chalk is creta. Those familiar with the geological column and its evolutionary timescale will recognize this as the name for one of its periods—the Cretaceous. Because most geologists believe in the geological evolution of the earth's strata and features over millions of years, they have linked all these scattered chalk beds across the world into this so-called "chalk age," that is, a supposedly great period of millions of years of chalk bed formation.


The purpose of this study was to examine the center of pressure response to visual perturbations presented in virtual reality (VR). The visual perturbations were an anterior or posterior displacement that varied in velocity (1m/s, 3m/s & 5m/s) and duration (0.6s, 1s and 2 s). The center of pressure distance travelled was measured in the anterior-posterior direction while subjects balance on one foot. Four subjects were evaluated in the pilot. A ttest was used to examine the pooled effect of the perturbations. The visual perturbation significantly increased the distance the center of pressure travelled (p = 0.041). A 2-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to assess the specific affects velocity and duration. The main effect for duration was significant (p =0.014). Duration of the visual perturbation appears to be the most important component to challenge postural control.


The magnetic interaction between a point dipole of horizontally oriented moment and a superconducting sphere in the Meissner state is investigated in detail within London theory. It is demonstrated that the levitation force for this configuration is precisely one-half the value of the configuration with vertically oriented point dipole. An extension to other applied fields is presented. The results have application to models for magnetic levitation and magnetic force microscopy.


The historical trends and inventory of organophosphate esters (OPEs) were investigated based on depth profiles of OPEs in sediment core collected from the tidal flat of the Liao River estuary in northeastern China. The concentration of ∑13OPEs in sediment core has increased continuously since records began, reaching a peak of 10.8 ng g-1 dry weight (dw) in the 1960s, then began to decline and fall to a low of 3.91 ng g-1 dw in the 1980s, before rising again and increasing to 20.4 ng g-1 dw in the 2000s. After a brief decline, It started to increase again and reached a peak of 27.0 ng g-1 dw in 2018. Tributyl-n-phosphate was found in each layer of the sediment core, accounting for 31.9 - 100% of ∑13OPEs. The fluxes of OPEs ranged from 46.5 to 105 ng cm-2 y-1 in the sediment layers deposited between 2007 and 2018. The inventory of OPEs in the sediment core was estimated to be 1541 ng cm-2. This work reports for the first time the historical contamination trends of OPEs in Chinese sediments, which is important for assessing the environmental risk of OPEs.


Primary organic aerosol (POA) is a major component of PM2.5 in winter polluted air in the North China Plain (NCP), but our understanding on the atmospheric aging process of POA particles and the resulting influences on their optical properties is limited. As part of the Atmospheric Pollution and Human Health in a Chinese Megacity (APHH-Beijing) programme, we collected airborne particles at an urban site (Beijing) and an upwind rural site (Gucheng, Hebei province) in the NCP during 13–27 Nov. 2016 for microscopic analyses. We confirmed that large amounts of light-absorbing spherical POA (i.e., tarball) and irregular POA particles with high viscosity were emitted from the domestic coal and biomass burning at the rural site and were further transported to the urban site during regional wintertime hazes. During the heavily polluted period (PM2.5 > 200 μg m−3), more than 60% of these burning-related POA particles were thickly coated with secondary inorganic aerosols (named as core–shell POA–SIA particle) through the aging process, suggesting that POA particles can provide surfaces for the heterogeneous reactions of SO2 and NOx. As a result, their average particle-to-core diameter ratios at the rural and urban sites in the heavily polluted period increased to 1.60 and 1.67, respectively. Interestingly, we found that the aging process did not change the morphology and sizes of POA cores, indicating that these POA particles are quite inert in the atmosphere and can be transported long distances. Using Mie theory we estimated that the absorption capacity of POA particles was enhanced by ~1.39 times in the heavily polluted period at the rural and urban sites due to the “lensing effect” of secondary inorganic coatings. We highlight that the “lensing effect” on burning-related POA particles should be considered in radiative forcing models and the governments should continue to promote clean energy in rural areas to effectively reduce primary emissions.


ABSTRACT This article presents a general energy-efficiency index aiming at maximising the network reward of energy-limited wireless body area network (WBAN). The energy-efficiency index utilises a probability which is named as death probability. The death probability is a function of channel state information (CSI), residual energy information (REI) and transmission power. Finally, the existing protocols using the death probability are summarised. The performance of the proposed protocol is evaluated through numerical results.


An ideal selector device should have ultra-low leakage current, high reliability and fast recovery speed. In this work, we present a Cu BEOL compatible threshold switching (TS) selector being capable of maintaining ultra-low leakage for hours and recovering low leakage after write operation rapidly. High reliability and uniformity are achieved in both read operation and write operation.


The main purpose of this paper is to make people (developers, users, managers, researchers) aware that there are numerous factors and issues that affect joining separate simulation models and programs. The primary content of the paper is the identification of the different factors and issues that affect joining existing simulation programs. Two fundamental ways of joining existing simulation models are identified and discussed: where none of the simulation models interact with any of the others during simulation runs and where some or all of the simulation models do interact with others during simulation runs. The concept of "amount of reusability" of simulation models and programs is introduced. Also, the need for research is discussed.


The Bulgarian species of Neuroptera have been analysed according to origin, not on the basis of chorology. In Bulgaria, the more cold-loving of the Siberian elements inhabit the mountains only (Sympherobius fuscescens, Micromus paganus) and some ubiquists from the same category occur in the whole country (Chrysopa perla, Myrmeleon formicarius). Most of the Siberian–Mediterranean species have a broad ecological plasticity (Coniopteryx pygmaea, Chrysopa formosa). Only species with a typical Holarctic distribution in North America, but not Siberian and Holomediterranean elements that are probably casually introduced in the Nearctic, are interpreted as Siberian–Nearctic. The Central European and the Central European– Mediterranean species are rare components in the Bulgarian fauna. Holomediterranean elements are about twice as numerous as the Pontomediterranean ones. The expansive Holomediterranean species prevail considerably over the stationary ones. Among the Pontomediterranean elements both groups are equally represented in the fauna of Bulgaria. They have a Balkan (Dilar turcicus, Nedroledon anatolicus) or an Anatolian (Isoscelipteron fulvum, Hemerobius zernyi) origin. The species of southern origin (the Mediterranean elements) comprise 52% of the Bulgarian fauna of Neuroptera and predominate slightly over the species of northern origin (originated from the Central European and from the Siberian centres).


The processing and fermentation techniques of dry longan wine were studied in the paper. The result showed that the fermenting condition were : inoculation 0 . 2 % , the Bx 2 2 % , temperature 2 2℃, the accession of citric acid 4g/L.


Under the agro-ecological conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia the influence of Rizoagrin biological preparation on microbiological activity of meadow-chernozem soil has been revealed. Studies were conducted in 2011-2013 in the experimental fields of the Department of Seed Growing and in the Microbiology laboratory of FSBSI Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture. The effect of biological preparation on 9 varieties of spring soft wheat has been studied. The inoculation of seeds enabled the increase in the number of separate groups of microorganisms in the rhizosphere of the crop. The soil of the experimental field was meadow chernozem medium-humic moderately heavy loam soil. On average over the study years, the number of bacteria on the plain agar was the largest one on Pamyati Azieva variety, the number of microorganisms on starchammonia agar was the largest one on Omskaya 35 variety, the number of nitrifying microorganisms on Duet variety. The number of oligonitrophilic and the total number of microorganisms was largest in the rhizosphere of Pamyati Azieva and Omskaya 35 varieties. Inoculation increased the abundance of fungi in the rhizosphere of Duet and Pamyati Azieva varieties. It has been found that the ratio of the individual groups of microorganisms varied depending on both growing conditions, genotype and the actions of Rizoagrin. So, for Pamyati Azieva variety by grain ripening the percentage of bacteria on MPA increased in average for the years of study by%. For Duet variety in both phases of development the percentage of microorganisms on starch-ammonia agar increased by 3.94, 4.72 %, and Omskaya 35 variety showed an increase in the percentage of oligonitrophilic microorganisms by 6.29 % in the phase of earing and by 2.82 % in the period of grain filling. Close direct and inverse dependences between microorganisms in the rhizosphere of the crop, main nutrients, soil moisture and hydrothermal conditions have been revealed.


Measurement methods used in the testing of materials are studied in relation to their suitability for testing corroded built-in brake pipes. The study shows that all traditional methods of examination are too expensive and in certain cases even dangerous for the examiner (nuclear physical methods). It is a disadvantage that those brake pipes situated in the most corrosion prone places are also the most inaccessible. On the basis of systematic bursting tests, the second section of the paper determines what degree of compression stress corroded brake pipes will stand and how much the wall thickness can be reduced before splitting occurs in the case of emergency braking. Mechanically worn pipes were studied for the purpose of a precise comparison. The studies revealed that bursting pressures of 1500 bar occurred even on brake pipes built into sixteen year old vehicles. Only in cases where the wall thickness has been reduced to approximately 0.05 mm is cracking of the pipes to be expected. An analysis of the dependence of corroded brake failures on age shows that a type of old age split occurs in the seventh year. The older the car the greater the element of risk involved. In the case of badly maintained vehicles which exceed the critical age, it is left to the judgement of the examiners to demand proof that invisible brake leads have been renewed. In future the risk can be markedly reduced by not laying brake pipes in inaccessible cavities of the body or floor of the vehicle, unless they are capable of being flushed out. In this way the corrosion areas caused by wet, dirt and deicing salt residues can be avoided. /TRRL/


The Texas Department of Transportation recently sponsored research through the Texas Transportation Institute to provide recommendations for implementing a comprehensive access management program in the state. The research includes a provision to produce an access management guidebook for Texas for planners and engineers to use when planning, designing, and reviewing highway projects and access requests. This study describes some lessons learned in the research related to access classification, access spacing criteria, median alternatives, and overall implementation of the program. In terms of access classification, considerations include what type of access classification system is necessary to develop a successful program. For access spacing alternatives, lessons learned were related to what unsignalized access (driveway) spacing criteria guidelines are most applicable for adoption in Texas and why. In terms of lessons learned in overall implementation of the program, several questions were raised that have led to localized changes to the program that strengthened it overall. This study presents the results of these and other lessons learned, describes the background of access management, and outlines selected alternatives used in existing access management programs in other states. The status of the comprehensive access management program in Texas is presented. The research and experiences that emerged as a result of this project are expected to be useful to engineers and planners in Texas as well as other states that are developing or modifying comprehensive access management programs.


Software reuse increases productivity, reduces costs, and improves quality. Object-oriented (OO) software has been shown to be inherently more reusable than functionally decomposed software; however, most OO software was not speci®cally designed for reuse [Software Reuse Guidelines and Methods, Plenum Press, New York, 1991]. This paper describes the analysis, in terms of quality factors related to reusability, contained in an approach that aids signi®cantly in assessing existing OO software for reusability. An automated tool implementing the approach is validated by comparing the tool's quality determinations to that of human experts. This comparison provides insight into how OO software metrics should be interpreted in relation to the quality factors they purport to measure. q 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


Abstract Gas-phase synthesis characterizes a class of bottom-up methods for producing multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) from individual atoms or molecules. This review aims to summarize recent achievements using this approach, and compare its potential to other physical or chemical NP fabrication techniques. More specifically, emphasis is given to magnetron-sputter gas-phase condensation, since it allows for flexible growth of complex, sophisticated NPs, owing to the fast kinetics and non-equilibrium processes it entails. Nanoparticle synthesis is decomposed into four stages, i.e. aggregation, shell-coating, mass-filtration, and deposition. We present the formation of NPs of various functionalities for different applications, such as magnetic, plasmonic, catalytic and, gas-sensing, emphasizing on the primary dependence of each type on a different stage of the fabrication process, and their resultant physical and chemical properties. Graphical Abstract


A new formulation to model the mechanical response of metallic strands undergoing a combination of axial load and planar bending is developed. Each wire of the strand is modeled as an elastic curved thin rod. A kinematic model is then introduced to relate the generalized strain variables of the strand to those of the wires. The stress-strain state of the wires is evaluated starting from the analysis of the internal contact conditions. Friction is modeled through the classic Amontons-Coulomb law and the elastic tangential compliance of contact patches is accounted for. A non-holonomic material constitutive law in terms of the cross sectional generalized stresses and strains of the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory is obtained and implemented within a corotational beam element explicitly conceived for nonlinear static and dynamic analyses of flexible structures. Numerical applications are presented to highlight the role of the tangential compliance mechanism on the hysteretic bending behavior of a typical steel strand.


Assisted reproduction is a field of knowledge relevant to consider changes and progress in which the progress of science and technology offer many resources for the treatment of human infertility. Considering that the new surprise us when we can cite myths, religious writings and events in the history of mankind, which have tried to say about the mystery and search for the revelation of the unknown, in the origin of human beings, their fertility and / or infertility. We witness situations that require delicate ethical responses to issues that lawmaking fail to follow face the sciences advances. Delicate position: with the development of knowledge and techniques available for treatments in general, we should consider also the single case of "one subject and his history". Let us also hear to Society.


A noise-reducing dry floor system using multiple deck plates is provided to maintain the strength by fixing a floor finishing board at the upper side, to improve the whole construction property by easily linking pipes of a hot floor, and to enhance impact-noise reducing efficiency by using a sound-absorbing material. A noise-reducing dry floor system(1) using multiple deck plates comprises a deck plate(30) formed with a first deck plate(10) serving as a base structure standing the floor load and a second deck plate(20) attached on the first deck plate by forming a sound-absorbing material insertion space vertically; a sound absorbing material(50) formed between the first and second deck plates; an auxiliary deck plate(40) vertically attached on the second deck plate; and a floor finishing material(60) attached on the auxiliary deck plate.


This paper presents results from a literature review of defect characteristics essential for non-destructive testing (NDT). Most of the major NDT methods are included in the study – Penetrant Testing (PT), The study was performed by means of searching in scientific databases, , etc. Mainly, the following It is concluded that for Penetrant testing, the defect geometry, the defect size and the defect. A number of investigations address the relationships between the defect parameters like roller depth, surface defects Also the phenomena of the electrical contacts between the defect surfaces (for a crack) was studied. Defect parameters that are essential to the quality of Penetrant testing are defect position in the object (includes the depth), orientation, size, crack surface roughness, closure and tip radius. This investigation has been focused on those parameters that are not that easy to reconstruct and only briefly discussed the influence on the signal response due to defect position, orientation and size.


When we realize environment of follow-me agent, we can implement mechanism to call-up agent from outside. However it need to allow intruder call-up agent from outside. In this research, we utilize Digital-Signature to authenticate these call-up requests. Also, we design "Personality Manager":personality information management system on carrier device. This system protects private infomation, and makes Digital-Signature. This paper presents framework of secure follow-me agent environment by personality manager and other example applications of personality manager.


Software and instrumental changes to an automatic, magneto-optic, spectroscopic ellipsometer interfaced with an LSI-11 series computer are reported. Two software changes and one instrumental change have been introduced which enable to ellipsometer to acquire time dependent spectra. The storage of multiple, time resolved spectra has given the ellipsometer the ability to study time dependent phenomena. Computer adjustment of the mechanical polarizer and analyzer azimuths (when the dynamic range of the Faraday cell is approached) has yielded a nearly unlimited range for this instrument. Introduction of Faraday cores with greater transmittance (possible because of the use of computer adjusted azimuths) has significantly increased the signal to noise ratio of the instrument. Due to a large increase in the amount of data to be processed, new FORTRAN software for the reduction of these data was developed. Both the transformation of the raw data to time dependent optical properties of the surface, and the reduction of the time dependent optical data modeling to obtain physical properties of a surface, are presented. Software for the plotting of the kinetic spectra in three dimensions is also given. 4 refs.


The soil seed bank of Eucalyptus urophylla×E.grandis sprout forest and Castanopsis fissa mixed forest were investigated and the characteristics of soil seed bank were studied using the method of seed germination.The results showed that the rule of seed germination was the same in different soil layers.The seeds entered germination peak period from the 7th day,then to slow period followed by end period from the 19th day.The seed density of soil seed banks in E.urophylla × E.grandis sprout forest was 7 356 grain/m2,significantly higher than that of control(3 614 grain/m2).A total of 8 species,belonging to 7 families,among which Microstegium ciliatum was the dominant species(accounted for 95.8% of total soil seed bank) was identified.More than 80% of the seeds were stored in the litter layer and 0~5 cm soil layer.The ecological dominance index of soil seed banks in E.urophylla × E.grandis sprout forest was obviously higher than that of C.fissa mixed forest,but the Margalef richness index(R),Shannon-Wiener index(H′),Pielou evenness index(E),Simpson index(D) were lower than that of C.fissa mixed forest.


For almost four decades, the OMT (Organization and Management Theory) division of the Academy of Management has been honoring scholars who have been "central to the intellectual development of the field of organization studies," an area of obvious interest for readers of JMI. (See the list of distinguished scholars here: https://omt.aom.org/awards/distinguished-scholar-award). Upon accepting the honor, Distinguished Scholars are requested kindly to share their thoughts during a presentation that takes place at a breakfast during the Academy of Management annual meeting. Typically, these thoughts are a reflection on the work done, but also an invitation to use one's curiosity to see things we know well for the first time again. In the past, JMI has asked the award winners to publish a version of their talk for the benefit of the larger academic community but also to give the honorees space to develop the powerful ideas they have shared with the AOM audience and also reflect on the questions and feedback received from the audience and other scholars. The manuscript that follows this introduction is part of that tradition, relaunched here in JMI after a few year's hiatus with Langley (2021) paper and her thoughts on how to use our intellectual tools to understand reality and bridge theory and praxis, and the processes we use to do so. Paul Adler was the recipient of the 2021 award. During his talk, Paul challenged us to think of a world where democracy would be expanded from the political sphere to the economic one, with the ultimate goal of ensuring that the search for profit and material prosperity does not prevent the solution to the "grand challenges" (Howard-Grenville, 2021) that our world is facing. The urgent tone of Adler's piece resonates with the comments made by Langley, even though the themes chosen are very dissimilar. Yet, both scholars show the shared desire to help ensure that the intellectual tools developed by OMT scholars are used to make our world a better place for all. In so doing, they provide a source of inspiration for the academic community at large and, let's hope, for all those whose decisions have an impact on the way the world works. Indeed, organizations and organizing are a distinct feature of all modern societies and probably of any collective human activity, and it is not unreasonable to believe that different and better ways to organize can lead to different and better results, and especially a more humane and more sustainable world. From the Editorial Board of JMI, we thank Paul Adler and his predecessors for their curiosity, their hard work, and, ultimately, for their generosity, and the executive board of OMT for their work ensuring that these distinguished minds receive the recognition they deserve in our community and beyond.


In today's industrial world, there are high demands on the environmental aspects.Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB (SIT AB) is a company that is keen about the environment, and therefore spends ...


Dense suspensions of swimming bacteria exhibit chaotic flow patterns that promote the mixing and transport of resources and signalling chemicals within cell colonies. While the importance of active turbulence is widely recognized, the structure and dynamics of the resulting collective flows are the subject of intense investigation. Here, we combine microfluidic experiments with proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis to quantify the dynamical flow structure of this model active matter system under a variety of conditions. In isotropic bulk turbulence, the modal representation shows that the most energetic flow structures dictate the spatio-temporal dynamics across a range of suspension activity levels. In confined geometries, POD analysis illustrates the role of boundary interactions for the transition to bacterial turbulence, and it quantifies the evolution of coherent active structures in externally applied flows. Beyond establishing the physical flow structures under-pinning the complex dynamics of bacterial turbulence, the low-dimensional representation afforded by this modal analysis offers a potential path toward data-driven modelling of active turbulence.


A system for delivering journal articles customized by the reader is described. The articles are marked-up with custom tags to identify portions of the document that can be modified to meet an individual's specification. These tags are interpreted by the Web server and converted into HTML that can be read by a Web browser. This system has been implemented within the Internet Journal of Chemistry. The relationship of this process with chemical markup language is detailed.


The article examines the liberalization of trade in legal services in the Association of the Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and its reform prospects to meet the challenges of multi-jurisdictional practice. It argues that while the ten-country bloc pledges to progressively liberalize the legal sector, ASEAN commitments under free trade agreements (FTAs) constitute merely 'paper commitments'. To achieve the goal of the ASEAN Economic Community to form a single market and production base, a feasible, incremental roadmap is imperative to integrate the legal services market. The article first analyzes the economic impact of foreign law firms on ASEAN's legal capacity building and the evolution of emerging ASEAN law. By assessing legal services negotiations under the World Trade Organization, the European Union, and Asia-Pacific FTAs, the article identifies issues of complexity in international arenas. The Singapore experiment further explores the effectiveness of FTAs with Australia and the USA and self-initiated FTA-plus measures such as Joint Law Ventures and Qualifying Foreign Law Practices. These case studies, along with law firms' operations vis-a-vis regulatory changes, demonstrate the best practices. Finally, the article provides reform proposals that will accelerate the integration of ASEAN's legal services market and enhance its competitiveness under the multilateral trading system.


Mucosal barrier system formed by mucus layer, epithelial cell junctional structures, and leukocyte activity, play important role to prevent infection by microbes in mucosal tissue. Previous study reported that expression of mucin and tight junction-related molecules are changed during the molting phase compared with that in the laying phase. It is unique that many of the functions of oviduct are regulated by gonadal steroids, namely estrogen and progesterone. The aim of this study was to aprove of the effects of estrogen and progesterone on the expression of mucin and tight junction molecule claudins in the lower oviductal segments in hens.White Leghorn laying and molting hens were used. A proportion of the molting hens (n = 5 in each group) were injected with sesame oil (control), estrogen or progesterone. The lower segments of oviduct (isthmus, uterus, and vagina) of these birds were collected. Gene expression of mucin and claudin-1, -3, -5 was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Localization of mucin5AC and claudin-1 protein was examined by immunohistochemistry. Localization of mucin polysaccharide was performed by alcian blue (AB) staining. In the lower oviductal segments, expression of mucin and claudin-1, -3, and -5 genes were up-regulated by both estrogen and progesterone. Immunoreactive mucin5AC and claudin-1 protein, as well as AB-positive mucopolysaccharidewasincreased by those gonadal steroids. These results suggest that gonadal steroids, estrogen and progesterone, may play a role to regulate mucosal barrier formed by mucin and tight junction molecule claudins at the lower oviductal segments. This mucosal barrier system in the oviduct is expected to play important roles to protect the oviductal tissues from infection by pathogenic microorganisms.


ABSTRACT Access to federated search tools is increasing and many academic libraries are now looking beyond implementation, and are considering the broader implications of federated searching such as its impact on information literacy programs. Although this emerging technology is still experiencing acknowledged growing pains, its potential for transforming the way students conduct research is promising. Reviewing information seeking behavior research and analyzing how federated searching fits within the Association of College and Research Libraries' Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education (2000) enables academic librarians to consider an integrative instructional model that utilizes federated searching as a way of initiating the learning process. doi:10.1300/J136v12n03_01


The objective of this study is to identify the methods and scientific approach used by Arabian scientists in the in the field of the Medical & Pharmaceuticalsciences, as research seeks to achieve a set of goals, including:1 - To find the origin of the pharmacology and the role of Arabian scientists in emerging and making this science.2 - To find the most prominent of Arab scientists in this field of science and their famous writings with the characteristics of these writings.3 - To find the scientific methods used in collecting and analyzing information.4 - To find the relationship of Scientists of Arabs and Muslims with the scientists from other nations and the extent of affecting them by each other.This research is followed the survey methods to collect and analyze information through the collection of books of this field.


The challenge facing the elderly in Nigeria is one that
has been very persistent. One notable variable that has
been used in describing the elderly is that of persistent
and excruciating levels of poverty. Nigeria has often been
described as a rich nation inhabited by poor people, to
which the majority of the aged belong. Indeed, the poverty
situation of the elderly, whether in relative or absolute
terms, is quite disturbing. The inability of government to
cope with the regular payment of pensions to the retired
workforce, the inadequate social services and health
facilities to cater for the needs of an ageing population,
as well as a predominantly rural agrarian population all
pose new threats to food security, social security and
national security of Nigeria. Older people's lives are
characterized by growing inadequacies in customary
family supports, social exclusion and non-existent social
security targeted at them, thus being very vulnerable to
poverty and diseases. This paper therefore takes an
exploratory look at the debilitating situation of the
interplay between poverty and old age and tries to proffer
solutions that will act as suitable intervention strategies
towards amelioration the poverty situation of the elderly,
majority of whom live like beggars' in the cities and
various rural settlements.


Some methods are put forward to improve Algorithm of BP Neural Network,and are applied to the diagnosis of host diesel engine cooling system.This method includes the additional momentum algorithm and self-adaptive study speed algorithm.The additional momentum algorithm is adding an item proportional to the value of fore weights variation.The algorithm consists of not only the impact of error in the gradient,but also the impact of change trend of error.Self-adaptive study speed algorithm is real-time adjustment of study speed according to the variation of the error function value,which ensures that the network studies at maximal study speed.Finally,simulation results show that Algorithm of BP is more feasible and efficient in contrast to traditional methods,and has better fault diagnosis capacity.


This paper draws on a four‐year qualitative study that examines changes to legal processes related to the response to domestic violence in Seattle that began before and continued through the COVID‐19 pandemic, to examine a series of crisis temporalities that were exacerbated by the pandemic and associated lockdowns. In reflecting on the crisis temporalities that mark this research project, I underscore how such crises can also create conditions that lead to long overdue social change. In this case, the modernisation of a court system that for too‐long served as an obstacle to survivors' legal protection and facilitated abusers' ability to engage in slow violence during Domestic Violence Protection Order (DVPO) hearings. This paper thus highlights the 'temporal affordances' of longitudinal research that enable analysis to better understand the factors that motivate transition over time, particularly those in traditional institutions like the legal system. [ FROM AUTHOR]


In 2017, two new crystals were installed, with their goniometers, in the counterclockwise Beam 2 (B2) line. These devices, called TCPC, were tested during 2017 in a dedicated machine development (MD) performed on July the 2nd. The bent silicon crystals were characterised with the LHC proton beams, to measure with the LHC beam their bending angles and the overall working order of the new hardware. Tests were performed at both injection energy and flat top using horizontal and vertical crystal. Loss maps with crystals at 6.5 TeV were performed. Two additional MDs were performed on September the 15th and November the 29th, 2017, to study the B2 horizontal crystal after observing in the first tests an anomalous behaviour.


People love new tools that enable them to dowhat they have dreamed of doing. Passionate engagement with methodology is the academic expression of this basic human characteristic. And the buzz we feel when we are able to share our enthusiasm for a new method is one of the joys of academic work. The 1998 and 1999 Social Science History Association (SSHA) sessions on historical GIS were exciting for just these reasons. In the best SSHA tradition, people in many different fields discovered their common interest in applying


Three-dimensional stacked ICs (3D SICs) are currently evolving as an area of great interest in modern semiconductor industry. Several partial stacks tests are required during 3D assembly because the die stacking steps and bonding may introduce defects. In this paper, we have addressed test architecture optimization for 3D stacked ICs implemented with hard dies under the TSV constraints. The main objective of our algorithm is to minimize the test time either for the testing of complete stack or complete stack and several partial stacks. Experimental results are performed for two handcrafted 3D SICs comprising of various system-on-chips from ITC'02 SOC test benchmarks.


A World War I New Zealand Field Ambulance corps established in a wood near Bus-les-Artois, France, not far from the front lines. A red cross flag flies from a flagpole at the camp. Photograph taken 11 May 1918 by Henry Armytage Sanders.
An original print from this negative is in album PA1-f-094
Inscriptions: Photographer's title on negative - bottom right: H574
Quantity: 1 b&w original negative(s).
Physical Description: Dry plate glass negative 4.75 x 6.5 inches


Fosfomycin was introduced for prophylaxis of surgical infection at 6 centres in a randomized study of elective colorectal operations (fosfomycin/metronidazole, n = 251 vs doxycycline/metronidazole, n = 237). Preoperative faecal specimens from the patients showed a relatively high prevalence rate of doxycycline-resistant bacteria (aerobic Gram-negative isolates 38%, enterococci 24%, overall 35%) with constant rates over time during the 15-month study period. The resistance rates for fosfomycin were lower (overall 12%), and remained constant for enterococci (average 10%), but increased for aerobic Gram-negative isolates from 9% during the initial part to 17% during the final part of the study (p = 0.007). Most aerobic strains in wound secretions from infected patients (20/26) could not be recovered from a preoperative faecal swab of the same patient. Isolates from infection after doxycycline prophylaxis had twice as high doxycycline resistance rates (overall 63%, 82% for Gram-negative isolates) as wound isolates from infection after fosfomycin prophylaxis (30%) and preoperative faecal flora isolates (35%, p = 0.02), indicating that bacterial resistance contributed to failure of doxycycline prophylaxis. In contrast, no increase in fosfomycin resistance rates was found among aerobic isolates from infection after fosfomycin prophylaxis (10%). This suggested that the emerging fosfomycin resistance was associated with reduced bacterial virulence and thus was of less clinical significance than doxycycline resistance.


By now, there have been explored several large gypsum deposits in the Arkhangelsk Region. Since 2008, only one gypsum deposit, "Glubokoe", has been developed. This process has had an active impact on the environment of the area. The paper dwells on the key physical, geographical, natural and climatic conditions of this deposit. In addition, it describes the main method of gypsum deposit development and analyzes the primary industrial air pollutants and the process of their origination. Further, the most important measures to cut the emission of harmful substances and reduce their impact on the air are considered. The paper determines the influence of the deposit development on the atmosphere and evaluates the efficiency of the existing monitoring system and nature protection projects.


ABSTRACT In this article, we introduce the Gompertz power series (GPS) class of distributions which is obtained by compounding Gompertz and power series distributions. This distribution contains several lifetime models such as Gompertz-geometric (GG), Gompertz-Poisson (GP), Gompertz-binomial (GB), and Gompertz-logarithmic (GL) distributions as special cases. Sub-models of the GPS distribution are studied in details. The hazard rate function of the GPS distribution can be increasing, decreasing, and bathtub-shaped. We obtain several properties of the GPS distribution such as its probability density function, and failure rate function, Shannon entropy, mean residual life function, quantiles, and moments. The maximum likelihood estimation procedure via a EM-algorithm is presented, and simulation studies are performed for evaluation of this estimation for complete data, and the MLE of parameters for censored data. At the end, a real example is given.


The lack of consensus on the relationship between corporate image management and bank performance prompted this research. The study investigates the relationship between corporate image management and performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria between 2007 and 2017. Quantitative approach of methodology where secondary data are collected analysed on relevant variables for eight deposit money banks which include the five tier one lenders and three tier two lenders is applied. Panel data analysis is adopted as the estimating technique. From the result, the random effect result shows that only corporate governance out of the proxies of corporate image management has significant impact on customer retention of the banks. Both corporate social responsibility and environmental responsibility failed to have significant impact on customer retention. The study recommends that that the banks should continue improving on their corporate governance as it is a good measure of corporate image management that contribute significantly to their performance.


In celebration of John von Neumann's 100th birthday, a series of four lectures were presented on the evening of February 10, 2003 during the SIAM Conference on Computational Science and Engineering in San Diego. The venue was appropriate because von Neumann spent much of the later part of his life, in the 1950's, as an unofficial ambassador for computational science. He was then the only senior American scientist who had experience with the new computers (digital, electronic, and programmable) and a vision of their future importance. No doubt he would have relished the chance to attend a meeting such as this. The first speaker, William Aspray, described the ''interesting times'' during which computers were invented. His remarks were based on his history [1] of this period in von Neumann's life. We were honored to have John von Neumann's daughter, Marina von Neumann-Whitman, as our second speaker. Other accounts of von Neumann's life can be found in books by two of his colleagues [2] and [3]. Our third speaker, Peter Lax, provided both mathematical and international perspectives on John von Neumann's career. Finally, Pete Stewart spoke about von Neumann's numerical error analysis [4] in the context of later work; this talk did not lend itself to transcription, but readers may consult the historical notes in [5]. Our thanks to all the speakers for a remarkable evening. We are grateful to the DOE Applied Mathematical Sciences (AMS) program for partially supporting these lectures. Thanks are also due to SIAM and William Kolata, to our emcee, Gene Golub, to Paul Saylor for recording and editing, and to Barbara Lytle for the transcriptions. More about von Neumann's work can be learned from the recent American Mathematical Society proceedings [6].


Objective To observe the protective effect of resveratrol(Res) against formaldehyde(FA)-induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells.Methods Rat adrenal pheochromocytoma monoclonal lines PC12 were cultured with 1640 in vitro and the cells in the exponential phase of growth to experiment were selected.The protective effect of Res on damages of PC12 induced by FA was investigated,the cells were divided into control,80 μmol/L FA,solvent(2‰DMSO),aminoguanidine(100 μmol/L)and Res(6.25,12.5,25,50,100 μmol/L) groups.Various concentrations Res were preincubated with cells for 2 h to detect indexes mentioned below.The viability of PC12 cells were detected by a colorimetric 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT);the transudation content of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) was observed by colorimetry reaction;the degree of PC12 cells injury was evaluated by measuring the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) in conditioned medium;the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and the activity of glutathione(GSH-Px) in cells were measured by kits respectively.The level of nitric oxide(NO) was determined by nitrate reductase method;the activity of NOS and iNOS were measured by biochemical approach.The cells in each group were collected,Western blot,PCR were used to detect the levels of Cytochrome C oxidase subunitⅡ(COⅡ) protein and mRNA in PC12 cells.Apoptosis was measured by Hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining and Flow cytometry.Results FA induced cell membrane injury.When cells were preincubated with Res for 2 h,the levels of LDH,MDA,NO,NOS and iNOS were reduced;the levels of SOD,GSH-Px were raised;the expressions of COⅡ protein and mRNA were enhanced,compared with those of 80 μmol/L FA group(P0.01 or P0.05).Res alleviated FA induced oxidative damages in dose-dependent manner by Hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining and Flow cytometry,and apoptosis rate was decreased.Conclusions Res can protect PC12 cells from FA oxidatie stress injuries,improve cell survival rate.Res can enhance the expressions of COⅡ protein and mRNA,decrease the release of Cyt C from mitochondria,thereby Res can attenuate cell apoptosis.


Phenolic compounds are found in plants and thus are part of the human diet. Dietary phenolic compounds and especially the flavonoids, consist mainly of anthocyanidins, flavonols and catechins. The main phenolic compounds of apples are esters of caffeic and p-coumaric acid with quinic acid, flavanol monomers, diand oligomers, quercetin glycosides and dihydrochalcones. Phenolic compounds in apples are of undoubted importance because of their contribution to the colour, taste and flavour characteristics of apples and its derivative products. Their use as indicators of the physiological stages during fruit development and their participation in technological processes leading to low quality products and in possible alterations (browning, formation of hazes and sediments, etc.). Recently, polyphenols have been the subject of increasing interest because of their biological properties, namely antiinflammatory, antihistaminic and antitumor activities and as free radical scavengers and protection against cardiovascular diseases. HPLC techniques have proved to be the most appropriate ones, allowing polyphenol analysis with sufficient precision, sensitivity and within a reasonable time. Polyphenolic composition from apples has been studied using HPLC reversedphase chromatography employing gradient elution methods with phosphoric acid-methanol and acetic acidacetonitrile mixtures as mobile phase and conventional C-18 columns (25-3030.46 cm I.D.) have been reported in most of the cases. Effect of Activated Charcoal on Some Phenolic Compounds of Apple Juice


Globally over 98% of the deaths caused by tuberculosis (TB) annually are in developing countries. Within the Western Pacific Region the seven countries that account for 94% of the TB prevalence are low or lower middle-income economies. Within countries as well poor and marginalized communities suffer disproportionately from TB. Importantly TB affects the most economically and socially productive age group as 77% of TB deaths occur within the ages of 15 – 54. This evidence points to the important relationship between poverty and TB. The deprivation associated with poverty such as overcrowding poor ventilation and malnutrition increases the rate of transmission and progression from infection to disease. In turn the costs of TB can further impoverish poor households. This is because poor households must dedicate a larger proportion of their income to meet the direct and indirect costs of seeking TB care than the non-poor. The opportunity costs are likewise higher for the poor than non-poor. For the poor a decrease in productivity or an increase in time away from work because of illness leads to a reduction in income. Moreover coping mechanisms employed by poor households during periods of illness may reduce household productivity in the long-term. TB has important social costs as well which are more likely to affect women with TB than men. For example stigma and isolation resulting from TB can reduce an individuals social position. (excerpt)


I shortly review the present status of the theoretical calculations of epsilon'/epsilon and the comparison with the present experimental results. I discuss the role of higher order chiral corrections and in general of non-factorizable contributions for the explanation of the Delta I = 1/2 selection rule and direct CP violation in kaon decays. Still lacking reliable lattice calculations, analytic methods and phenomenological approaches are helpful in understanding correlations among theoretical effects and the experimental data. Substantial progress from lattice QCD is expected in the coming years.


PURPOSE: An automatic box washing device is provided to efficiently and automatically wash a plurality of boxes in a short period of time. CONSTITUTION: An automatic box washing device comprises a box supplying unit(10), a multistage washing device(20), a dewatering device(40), and a standby unit(30). The box supplying unit supplies a washing object to a transfer line(L1). The multistage washing device washes the washing object which is transferred through the transfer line. The dewatering device dewaters the washing object. The standby unit sequentially supplies the washing object to the dewatering device.


Odden, J.‐P., Stiris, T., Hansen, T. W. R. and Bratlid, D. (Neonatal Research Laboratory, Department of Paediatric Research, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Paediatrics, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway). Cerebral blood flow during experimental hypoxaemia and ischaemia in the newborn piglet. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 360: 13, 1989.


EGRET data are usually analysed on the basis of the Maximum-Likelihood method [1] in a search for point sources in excess to a model for the background radiation (e.g. [2]). This method depends strongly on the quality of the background model, and thus may have high systematic uncertainties in region of strong and uncertain background like the Galactic Center region. Here we show images of such regions obtained by the quantified Maximum-Entropy method. We also discuss a possible further use of MEM in the analysis of problematic regions of the sky.


Micro-injection moulding is frequently used for the mass production of devices in micro-medical technologies, micro-optics and micro-mechanics. This work focuses mainly on offering numerical tools to model the injection of micro-textured moulds. Such tools can predict the different filling scenarios of the micro-details and consequently offer optimal operating conditions (mould and melt temperatures, melt flow, stresses, etc.) to analyse the final part quality. To do so, a full Eulerian approach is used to model the injection of textured moulds at both the macroscopic and microscopic scales as usual industrial software cannot handle the filling of micro details. Since heat transfers with the mould are very relevant due to high cooling rates, the coupling between micro-and macro-simulations is primordial to insure a complete and accurate representation of textured mould injection.


The flow field of cavity with fuel supply injection located at the forebody and afterbody in trapped vortex combustor(TVC) was studied using particle image velocimetry(PIV) testing technology.In order to study the influence of fuel supply position on the formation of vortex and vortex stability,different incoming flow velocities and fuel supply locations were analyzed.The results show that,when the fuel supply position is located at the forebody of cavity,the jet flow of fuel supply has certain damage to vortex,and when the fuel supply injection is located at the afterbody of cavity,the jet flow of fuel supply has no damage to vortex.These results provide the fundamental proof for the further studies on the combustion properties of this TVC test rig.


In this paper,the research progress in the mechanism of ripening and softening of stone fruits was summarized,including the relationship between the structure of fruit cell and fruit ripening and softening,the activity changes and functions of PG,PE,xyloglucan endotransglycosylase,cellulase,glycosidase and LOX in the course of fruit ripening and softening,and the gene regulatory mechanism of fruit ripening and softening.


Microbial flocculants are a kind of metabolite produced by microorganisms, which have better flocculability properties than inorganic and organic symbiotic macromolecule flocculants. In this paper, the flocculability of a strain of silicate bacterial GY03 is studied. The main results are presented as follows: Different canions have different effects on the flocculating activity of silicate bacterial GY03.The strain can form microbial flocculant after 5 days' culture in silicate bacterial medium, which can promote flocculation ability and reduce suspending solid pellets used in wastewater treatment. As a result, the turbid removal rate could reach 98% for kaolin clay suspension liquid, 78.1%-94.7% and COD removal rate 48.0%-87.5% for pharmaceutical wastewater, turbid removal rate 85.3%-92.5% for living wastewater, color removal rate of above 53.2% for black ink solution.


This data package is formatted according to the "ecocomDP", a data package design pattern for ecological community surveys, and data from studies of composition and biodiversity. For more information on the ecocomDP project, contact EDI or see https://environmentaldatainitiative.org.

This Level 1 data package was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-bes&identifier=543&revision=170

The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context:

 This dataset is associated with BES Bird Monitoring Bird Monitoring Project:

 =================

 The BES Bird Monitoring Project is a breeding bird survey designed to find out what birds are found in the breeding season in Baltimore and where. Our monitoring efforts will show associations among block group socioeconomic variables, land cover, land use, and habitat features with breeding bird abundance, to provide information for land managers on possible consequences of land use changes on bird communities.

 A distinguishing feature of the bird monitoring at BES LTER, relative to other urban bird work, is the capacity for long-term monitoring of features at multiple scales through links to other parts of the project. Different processes influence habitat for birds at different scales, e.g. ongoing household level human decision-making at lot scale vs. block or neighborhood scale abandonment/re-development. Our project seeks to understand how these processes impact bird occurrence, abundance, and composition differ at the lot, block and neighborhood scale.

 The database consists of four tables. Sites, Surveys, Taxalist, and Birds. Sites records thje sites and their characteristics. Surveys describe the actual outings or sampling sessions. They describe the weather, the temperature, the sites visited. Taxalist provides the integration of speciaies abbreviations and common names, and Birds describes the actual sightings, linking to the other three tables.

 Attribute information:

 The tables form a set. Here are the fields and relationship information:

 Surveys:

 site_id FK->Sites[site_id]

 survey_id

 survey_date

 time_start

 time_end

 observer

 wind_speed

 wind_dir

 air_temp

 temp_units

 cloud_cover

 notes

 Sites:

 site_id

 park_code

 park_district

 park_name

 point_code

 point_location

 park_acreage

 Taxalist:

 species_id common_name

 Birds:

 survey_id FK->surveys[survey_id]

 site_id FK->surveys[site_id]

 species_id FK->taxalist[species_id]

 distance

 bird_count

 notes

 seen

 heard

 direction

 time_class


This chapter assesses arguments contending that affirmative action is justified as a means of ensuring role models for minorities. It argues that often this argument is best construed as one that appeals to a suitably broad notion of qualifications and which, coincidentally, justifies some of the selection schemes that are normally regarded as affirmative action. As such, within a certain range of settings, most notably educational ones, it is a rather strong argument, though possibly reducible to the equality of opportunity argument. Moreover, exactly what sort of affirmative action it supports—if any at all—depends on which distributive shape its normative premise takes and on the specifics of the psychology of role modeling—issues which are generally under-described in the literature.


The dynamical net-charge fluctuations () in different particle ratios , , and are calculated from the hadron resonance gas (HRG) model and compared with STAR central Au


Researchers worldwide have been acti ely seeking for thlc most robust and power-ful solutions to detect and classify keye events (or highlights) in vanious sports domains. Most approaches have employed manual heurIistics that model the typical pattern of audio-visual featLuL-es within particular sport events To avoid manual obser\.!ation and knowledgemachine-leaming can be Used as an alternative appi-oach. To briidge the gaps betw.een these twvo alternatives, an attempt is made to intearate statistics into heuiistic models during highlight dletection in oUI investigation. The models can be desi ened with a modest amount of domain-kniowledge, -iking themn less subjective and more robust for different sports. We have also successfully used a univrersal scope of dletection anid ( standard set of featuires that can be applied for different spor-ts that include soccer, basketball alndl Atuisti-rlian football. An experiment on a large dataset of' sport videos, vith a total of ar-ound 15 hours, has dem-ionstr-ated the effectiveness and robustness of our aIlgorithlms. 1. lintioduction Automatic content analysis is an essential requii-ement Cor constructing an effective sports video surnmarv. It has become a wvell-known theorv that the high-level semantics in spoir video can be detected based on the oCCurrelnces of specific audio and visual features which cLan be extracted automatically. To date, there are two mainl approaches to f'use audio-visual features. One alternative, called machine-learning approach, uses probabilistic models to automatically capture the unique patterns of audio visual feature-measurements in specific (highlight) events. For example, Hidden Markov Model (1-1MM) can be trained to capture the transitions of 'still, standing, walking. throwing, jumping-down and iuruingdowrn' states during athletic spoits events, which are detected based on color, texture and global-motion mieasurements [8]. The main benefit of using such ap-X1proaclh is; the potential robustness, thalnks to the modest usa&ge of donmain-specific knowledge which is only n,ecded to select the best featur-es set to describe each ev\ent. H-lowever, one of the most challenging r-Ctlii-ements for constructing i-eliable models is to use phoebe (d,deakin. edit.aul features that can be detected flawlesslv during training due to the absence of manual supervision. Moreoveiadding a newv feature into a particulai model will iequire re-training of the whole model. Thus, it is generally difficult to build extensible probabilistic models that allow gradual devrelopment or improvement in the feature extraction algorithms. To tackle this limitation, ouI s-tatistical-driven models care consti-ucted based on the chaaractenistics of each feature. Any addition of new feature will only result on updates of the irules that wvere associated with that feature. Another altemative for audio-visual ftision is to use manual heuristic ruLles. For example, the temporal gaps between specific features during basketball goal have a predictable pattern that can be perceived manually [6]. The main benefit of this approach is the absence of comprehensive training for each highlight and the computations are relatively less complex. However, this method usually relies on manual observations to consti-uct the detection models for different events. Even though the numbers of domains and events of interest care limited and the amount of efforts is affordable, we prilmnarily aim to reduce the subjectivity and limitation of manual decisions. These two approaches also have two major drawbacks, namelyv * The lack of a definitive solution for the scope of highlight detection such as where to start and finish the extraction. For example, Ekin et al [3] detect goals by examining the video-frames between the global shot that causes the goal and the global shot that shows the restart of the game. However, this template scope was not used to detect other events. On the other hand, Han et al [4] used a static temporal-segment of 30-40 sec (empirical) for soccei highlights detection. * Thie lack of a uiliveisal set of features foi detectin1g diffdrent highlights and across different sporis. Features that best describe a highlight are selected using domain knowledge. FoI instance, wlhistle in soccer is only used to detect foul and offside. while excitement and goal-area are used to identif goal attempt [1]. 1-4244-0028-7/06/$20. 00 (©2006 IEEE


In this Modern world www grows tremendously. It increases the complexity of web applications and web navigation. Existing website systems are not easier for user to extract information and having some shortcomings. To enhance these shortcomings we propose a new reconciling website system. Recommendations play an important role towards this direction. Our Recommendation is based on user Browsing patterns. Our approach presents a comprehensive overview of web mining methods and techniques used for the evaluation of reconciling systems to achieve better web navigation efficiency in order to improve the efficiency of web site. It integrates and coordinates among different reasons for making recommendations including frequency of access, and patterns of access by user to the web site. It is new way to increase the efficiency of web site system using web mining techniques We are not argue the structure or content of the web site but we recommended to web site developer. Our proposed techniques are achieved better web navigation efficiency and it is highly effective from existing one.


Some corrections and nomenclatural changes and one addition to the Bromeliaceae in the Flora fanerogamica del Valle de Mexico are presented.


The effective judgment of non-compitition agreement is a problem of value evaluation and can only be studied from two aspects:value entity(non-compitition agreement) and value standard (social demand).Value standard is a history category,which is influenced by the following factors:the mature degree of market oriented economy;the citizens' right consciousness;the relation be- tween demand and supply of labor markets;the practice cost of non-compitition agreement.In the different periods and under the dif- ferent condition,value standard has different content.In order to tight to our social reality and keep balance between the right of oper- ating and the right of choosing job,the effect judgment of non-compitition agreement must follow three principles:taking precedence and giving consideration to the right of operating;reasonable limition and interests balance;constructing system according to respective characteristics of on-job and off-job non-compitition agreement.


In this study, amorphous silicon carbide nanowires (NWASC) on Si substrates were fabricated by depositing hydrogenated amorphous SiC thin films on silicon nanowire by RF magnetron sputtering, with different thicknesses. The scanning electron microscopy showed the formation of nanostructured NWASC and strong photoluminescence intensity was noticed. Due to the large surface area and the high stability, the SiC nanowires were used as the Schottky diode optical sensor device (Au/NWASC/Si/Al). The results presented in this work show the impact of the thickness and the surface structuring on the optoelectronic properties of amorphous SiC thin films. Finally, a high photocurrent and high relative spectral response value of Au/NWASC/Si/Al were observed for the thinner amorphous SiC layer.


Summary form only given, as follows. The authors describe a method of improving contrast by the selective expansion of image histograms, which facilitates the overall examination of anatomically coherent parts of a chest X-ray using a sequence similar to that of the clinician, as well as exploiting the total dynamic range of greys available and the entire spatial image. The processing algorithm is executed almost instantaneously.<<ETX>>


The invention discloses an aseptic packaging method of clindamycin phosphate injection, which comprises the following steps: (1) weighing clindamycin phosphate injection raw and auxiliary materials under a negative pressure weighing cover according to the process proportion, adding into a mixing vessel sterilized in advance in sequence, adding water for injection to dilute and uniformly mixing; (2) supplementing the water for injection under the matching of a mixing vessel weighing system according to the process proportion to total preparation quantity, adjusting the PH value of liquid medicine to 6.5-6.8 and then filtering and sterilizing the liquid medicine through a 0.22-mum sterilizing-level filter of a redundancy filtering system; and (3) injecting the filtered sterile liquid medicine into a plastic bottle blowing, filling and sealing integrated machine through an aseptic pipeline system and finishing bottle blowing, filling and sealing under the protection of a level-A laminar flow hood to obtain a finished product. The aseptic packaging method has the benefits that the production process requires no terminal sterilization; the original chemical characteristics of the clindamycin phosphate injection are ensured; and plastic ampoule is used for packing, so that no fragment is generated during the use, and a blood vessel can not be plugged. Therefore, a powerful safeguard is provided for the clinical use safety of the clindamycin phosphate injection.


This study focuses on the portraits of Ariobarzanes Dynasty in Cappadocia in the 1st century BC. It aims to present the development of the regional portrait art in this period known as Late Hellenistic or Late Roman Republic by evaluating it in terms of both Cappadocia and the period. As there is no Cappadocian sculpture surviving to the day, the coin portraits belonging to the four kings of Ariobarzanes Dynasty were used as the source. Thanks to the coins which are as detailed as a work of sculpture, Ariobarzanes Dynasty of the Cappadocian kingdom portraits are revealed. The resulting data is important to evaluate the portraits' representation of the period and to determine the regional portraiture influenced by the political developments, which will also be beneficial for Late Hellenistic sculpture.


In this paper we report our ongoing work on the application of semantic technologies and machine learning to Integrated Tourism in the Apulia Region, Italy, within the Puglia@Service project.


A prominent negative gravity and magnetic anomaly across outcrops of volcanic tuff coupled with geologic evidence for collapse and hydrothermal alteration suggest a cauldron subsidence feature on the edge of the Silver Cliff, Colorado, volcanic area.