Hα spectral line (6563A) profiles of four northern HII regions in the our galaxy (Sh2-190, Sh2-222, Sh2-229, Sh2-236) have been obtained using DEFPOS spectrometer, located at coude focus of 150 cm RTT150 telescope at TUBITAK National Observatory (TUG, Antalya, Turkey). Observations were carried out at nights of 2015 December 24-27 with long exposure times ranging from 900s to 3600s. The LSR velocities and the linewidths (Full Width Half Maximum: FWHM) of the Hα emission lines were found to be in the range of −45.46 kms−1 to +3.57 kms−1 and 38.50 kms−1 to 44.10 kms−1, respectively. The Sh2-229 HII region is the faintest one (211.16 R), while the Sh2-236 HII region (IC410) is brightest source (535.75 R). The LSR velocity and the line width (FWHM) results of the DEFPOS/RTT150 system were compared with the data by several authors given in literature and results of DEFPOS data were found to be in good agreement with data given in literature.


Azo dyes are mostly toxic and carcinogenic and cause harm to humans and the environment. This study was conducted to investigate the degradation of azo dye acid red 14 (AR14) from aqueous solution using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)/nano zerovalent iron (nZVI) and persulfate (S2O82–)/nZVI processes in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. This experimental study was carried out in a laboratory‐scale batch photoreactor with a useful volume of 1 L. The nZVI was synthesized by the sodium borohydride (NaBH4) reduction method. In these processes, the effects of parameters including initial pH, H2O2 concentration, S2O82– concentration, nZVI dose, concentration of AR14 dye, and reaction time were studied. The results showed that decolorization increased by increasing the nZVI dosage, H2O2 and S2O42‐ concentrations, and reaction time, or decreasing dye concentration and pH. However, a too high oxidant concentration (H2O2 and S2O42‐) could inhibit the degradation. The experimental conditions for degradation of AR14 by UV/S2O82‐/nZVI and UV/H2O2/nZVI processes were as follows: [H2O2] = 10 mM, [S2O82–] = 8 mM, AB14 dye = 100 mg/L, pH = 3, and nZVI dose = 0.05 g. Under these conditions, the highest removal efficiencies of AR14, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC) for the UV/S2O82–/nZVI process were 93.94%, 86.5%, and 81.6%, respectively, while these values were 89.3%, 79.57%, and 72.9% for the UV/H2O2/nZVI, respectively. Also, the average oxidation state (AOS) was decreased from 2.93 to 2.14 in the effluent of the UV/S2O82–/nZVI process and from 2.93 to 2.2 for the UV/H2O2/nZVI process. The results showed that the ratio of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) to COD in the effluents of the UV/S2O82/nZVI and UV/H2O2/nZVI processes after 90 min was 0.63 and 0.74, respectively. These findings suggest biodegradability improvement.


Purpose: The use of different light sources as an adjunct to in-office bleaching has been questioned. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the color changes of teeth after application of bleaching techniques with different products, with and without activation by a LED-laser system.
Methods: Twenty-four bovine teeth surfaces were submitted to three bleaching techniques with two commercially available 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching agents (n=8). The specimens were immersed in red wine for 48 h at 37°C and submitted to the bleaching techniques. Color changes were measured before and after staining as well as immediately after and 24 h after the bleaching treatments, with two different methods of color evaluation, software ScanWhite V1.1 and intra-oral spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade). Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test.
Results: The statistical analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference at 5% of significance level between the different groups, independently of the evaluation time, evaluation methods or the use of LED-laser systems.
Conclusion: The results suggested that the use of light in the bleaching techniques did not influence the color changes.


Drawing on contemporary norms of international law governing the use of force and military interventions, this article seeks to evaluate the legality of the 2006 Ethiopian military intervention in Somalia. Traversing through the principles of democratic legitimacy, international law principles of effective control and recognition, the article reflects on the legality of Ethiopia's intervention on behalf of Somalia's Transitional Federal Government (hereinafter the Transitional Government or the TFG). By calling attention to the instabilities of the normative foundations of invitations in international law, the article will ask whether the TFG is indeed a government proper commanding the moral and legal authority to extend invitation to foreign forces to intervene in the internal affairs of the State. Questioning the validity of Ethiopia's claim for invitation, the article further attempts to posit the unconventional state of affairs present in Somalia and explores whether there is a need for a different approach in the legal analysis of how invitation may be granted. Working through emerging theories of international law, the article tries to extrapolate the form of governmental legitimacy that is required to invite foreign forces into the State when there are two or more competing factions. Accordingly, it asks whether the TFG's international recognition is, of itself, a sufficient parameter to entitle it to speak for the Somali State in light of international law and as such confers on it, rather than its Islamist rivals, a better right to invite foreign forces into the country.Despite allegations by the UIC and other forces, Ethiopia consistently denied sending its troops to Somalia until it formally declared war on 24 December 2006. Nonetheless, Ethiopia admitted to sending what it called "military trainers and advisers" to help strengthen the security and defensive capabilities of the fragile Transitional Federal Government even before its declaration of war. In addition to the issues raised in the preceding paragraph, this article interrogates whether the provision of "military trainers and advisers" by Ethiopia upon the invitation of the TFG constitutes a violation of Article 2(7) (the non-intervention principle) and/or 2(4) (prohibition on the use or the threat of force) of the Charter. Finally, against the backdrop of the UN Charter and general international law, the article will aspire to shed light on possible exceptions to the non-intervention principle and to determine whether Ethiopia's conduct neatly fits into any of those exceptions.


This article examines how 20 female college students who identified as members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) negotiated its gender ideology to legitimate their educational goals. The young LDS women creatively employed equality, professionalism, and essentialist discourses to craft a coherent identity as a "good LDS woman" that incorporated their pursuit of higher education. Beyond providing an in-depth look at how college-age LDS women "do gender," the analysis informs our understanding of the persistence of women's participation in patriarchal religious institutions, the process of women's resistance, and women's role in the negotiated process of hegemony. The authors argue that while women embrace the LDS gender ideology of womanhood, their pursuit of higher education is a form of resistance—embedded resistance—often neglected by scholars. The findings suggest the importance of nomos and meaning in understanding women's participation in and manipulation of patriarchal religious institutions.


Discovering communities from a social network requires publishing the social network's data. However, community detection from raw data of a social network may reveal many sensitive information of the involved parties, e.g., how much a user is involved in which communities. An individual may not want to reveal such sensitive information. To resolve this issue, we address the problem of privacy preserving community detection in social networks. More specifically, we want to ensure that community detection is possible from the published social graph/data but the identity of users involved in a community should not be disclosed.


The paper focuses on using Rasch measurement to analyze the quality of a test. The development of software to evaluate the quality of testing according to Rasch model is described, the data obtained with the developed software are analyzed.


A spectrophotometric method for the determination of Cr(VI) precipitation in small volume faucet samples which were less than 50 mL was established. The method was verified by precision and standard addition recovery, and the uncertainty of the measurement results was evaluated. After analysis, the precipitation of Cr(VI) in the extracting solution of the faucet samples was measured as (50.7±1.7) μg/L, (k=2, P=95%). Small volume detection method which just needs 5 mL samples solution had the advantages of small sample consumption, simple and quick operation, and can meet the requirements of the product, especially the faucet samples with small internal volume.


The aim of this paper is to examine the flexural behaviour of structural beams made of high volume fly ash (HVFA) concrete with confined stirrups introduced in compression regions.Generally concrete is low tensile strength and poor ductile property. By confining compression regions introduced with closed stirrups which improves the ductility and load carrying capacity of beams. The introduction of stirrups to these regions would suppress the development of tensile stresses.Fly ash (FA) has been used in concrete and identified such a product as Eco smart or green concrete. In earth quake regions it becomes essential to construct the structures as a ductile one. Sudden failures due to poor workability of RC structures can be avoided, if critical sections are able to undergo large plastic deformations and to absorb large amount of strain energy.The results indicated that the confinement in the form of stirrups improves the ultimate strength and ductile behaviour of the concrete. It has been suggested that, the effective use of fly ash minimizes the disposal of fly ash , this HVFA concrete is easy to pump, consolidate and finish the surface, free from cracks, reduces carbon-dioxide emissions, superior environmental friendliness, reduction in stone mining since consumes less volume of Portland cement. The methodology adopted above which improves ductility, thus improving the ultimate load carrying capacity.


Objective To evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary inflammatory myofibmblastic tumor(IMT).Methods One patient's clinical database for the therapy and prognosis who suffered from pulmonary IMT was retrospectively analyzed,and the relative literature was reviewed.Results We reported a patient of 54-year-old man diagnosed as pulmonary IMT,who presented with the symptoms of cough and right chest pain for one month.The preliminary diagnosis was right central lung cancer and the patient received a right pneumonectomy.Pathological examination and immunohistochemical staining demonstrated the diagnosis pulmonary myofibroblastoma.The patient had an eventful recovery and was discharged,with no tumor recurrence or metastasis one year postoperatively.Conclusion The diagnosis of pulmonary IMT dependends on preoperative clinical symptoms,thoracic imaging,perioperative findings,postoperative pathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the tumor.Complete resection of the tumor is the only way achieving full rehabilation.


To eliminate the spectral ambiguity generated by FFT analysis method, the computational order tracking (COT) method is adopted to process the unsteady vibrating signals acquired from the rotating machinery. In this paper, the Lagrange 7-point interpolation algorithm is proposed to calculate the speed profile, the subsection interpolation method is developed based on the given angular acceleration threshold to obtain resampling time, and the sliding low-pass filtering interpolation method is adopted for angular resampling. According to these algorithms, the order analysis system is developed based on LabVIEW, and it is verified by the tests of simulation signals.


Neither the white paper for England, The New NHS: modern, dependable, nor its subsequent guidance has done anything to address the real political problem of the health service:the apparently irreconcilable collision between the ever growing demand for health care and the finite resources available. What it has done, and herein lies its considerable political skill, is to transport us into another dimension of virtual politics. It was indeed "a triumph of style over content," as Rudolf Klein and Alan Maynard have observed, but that, after all, was its ambition and not merely the unfortunate consequence of incompetent drafting.

The purpose of virtual politics is to create a parallel world where belief in the difficult reality of change in a particular policy arena is suspended and all becomes possible. In virtual politics, it is the immediate symbolism of the policy illusions which is of paramount importance, rather than the practicality of the content. If successful, …


achlorhydria has been recognized as an associated feature of iron deficiency anaemia for many years (Faber, 1909; Witts, 1930). There has, however, been little agreement as to the part played by gastric acid in the absorption of iron from the intestinal tract. Early workers produced evidence that iron absorption was greater in the presence of normal gastric acidity than in cases of achlorhydria (Minot and Heath, 1932; Heilmeyer and Plotner, 1936; Barer and Fowler, 1937). Others found that this was not the case (Moore, Arrowsmith, Welch and Minnich, 1939; Grace, Doig and Wolff, 1954; Pirzio‐Biroli, Bothwell and Finch, 1958). More recently Goldberg, Lochhead and Dagg (1963) and Cook, Brown and Valberg (1964) have shown that in some circumstances iron is better absorbed by subjects with normal gastric acid than in those with a histamine fast achlorhydria.


We construct global strong solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations with sufficiently oscillating initial data. We will show that the condition is for the norm in some Besov space to be small enough. RESUME. Nous construisons des solutions fortes globales des equations de Navier-Stokes, pour des donnees initiales suffisamment oscillantes. Cette condition se traduit en terme de norme petite dans un certain espace de Besov. INTRODUCTION We are interested in the following system, for x E R3 and t > 0, with initial data ~c(x, 0) _ the sake of simplicity, we suppose that v = 1; a simple rescaling allows us to obtain any other value. Local Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincaré Analyse non linéaire 0294-1449 Vol. 13/96/03/$ 4.00/@ Gauthier-Villars 320 F. PLANCHON existence and uniqueness in the Sobolev space and the Lebesgue space are known, if s > 1 / 2 and p > 3 (see [4]). We have global solutions for small initial data in L~(R~) (see [9] or [4]) and H! (R3) (see [4] and [5]), or in L~(R~) n with p > 3 (see [1]). We shall extend the results of [4], for s > 1/2 and p > 3. By adapting the auxiliary spaces used in [4], we shall prove the existence and uniqueness of global solutions in provided the initial data are small in a sense which will be made precise later, and in up to additional conditions on uo. Let us define the homogeneous Besov spaces DEFINITION 1. Let us choose ~ E a radial function so that Supp J 1 ~~~, and ~(~) = 1 for 1. Define the convolution operator with and 0~ _ ,5'~+1 ,S'~. Let f E S'(Rn), a E R, 1 p, q +0oo, f E if and only if The reader should consult [12], [2], or [ 16] where the properties of Besov spaces are exposed in detail. Let us see how homogeneous Besov spaces arise. If we want to construct a global solution, it is useful to control a norm remaining invariant by the If this can be achieved in a Besov space with a 0 and therefore bigger than the usual space where we want to obtain a solution, we will have weaker assumptions on uo. Let us give the results in the case of Sobolev spaces. BC denotes the class of bounded continuous functions. THEOREM 1. There exists an universal constant ~3 > 0 such that, if s > 2, uo E HS(~3), ~ ~ uo = 0 and then there exists a unique solution u of ( 1 ) such that Moreover, the following properties hold for u: u(', LZ is decreasing, and for every t > 1, Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincaré Analyse non linéaire 321 NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS IN R3 . For every t > 1,


Background: The ovarian tissue cryopreservation has been achieved a great notoriety in the Reproductive Biology area, due to its potential in preserving fema...


We adapt the technology acceptance model (TAM) to examine the factors influencing mobile gaming adoption among "global youth." Our model replaces usefulness with convenience, incorporating visual appeal and escapism as antecedents of fun, and perceived novelty and economic value as antecedents of convenience. Questionnaire surveys were conducted in the U.S., Spain, and the Czech Republic, producing 432 usable responses. In the structural model assessment with the pooled sample, convenience exercises greater effects on attitude toward mobile games than fun, suggesting that the most important driver is probably the capability of being used flexibly at any time and in any place, rather than mere enjoyment. Tests of latent means suggest that most dimensions are perceived more strongly in the Czech Republic.


The paper addresses the theme of responsible and good governance founded on a moral and ethical-based leadership approach. Firstly, the work describes the theoretical framework paying specific attention to ethical leadership theories, responsible leadership and governance. Subsequently it presents the first results of an empirical analysis centered on exemplary casestudies relative to Italian companies, which are included among the best performing ones and have for years built a responsible orientation in their mission and governance models. Findings underline how coherent leadership models based on a positive moral perspective, authenticity, and integrity act in promoting a cultural reorientation inside and outside the company, valorizing relationships with stakeholders, favoring trust and fairness in the interactions with employees and collaborators, and allowing to establish effective models of governance based on the sharing of information, openness and democratic participation.


Abstract The reception of migrants, refugees and asylum seekers in camps has become a common phenomenon in Europe, discursively linked to the historical 'crisis' of mass movements towards the region. Camps and irregularity are two key issues in understanding the special impact that the COVID‐19 pandemic has had on migrants and refugees. This article explores connections between the 'campization' of migrant and refugee reception and the current debates for and against migrant regularization in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic in Southern Europe (Spain and Italy). The analysis uses qualitative methodology based on multi‐site ethnographic fieldwork (pre‐COVID‐19 pandemic); informal remote interviews with migrants and refugees; and analysis of political, media and legislative discourses.


With a view to optimise the hand pollination procedures for different pea species and subspecies, eight accessions belonging to Pisum fulvum, Pisum sativum ssp. elatius (wild), P. abyssinicum and P. sativum ssp. sativum (cultivated) were used to compare the mean number of seeds per crossed flower (crossing efficiency) using three methods of pollination: 1) immediately after emasculation of a flower bud before the anthers burst; 2) after opening of the flowers emasculated as above (delayed pollination) and 3) double pollination combining the first two methods. In the cultivated species, the seed setting did not differ much between the methods. In wild peas, single pollination after flower opening gave similar or better results than single pollination immediately after emasculation. Double pollination in most cases gave results comparable to single pollination after flower opening. In accession JI3262 of Pisum sativum ssp. elatius with exceptionally large flowers, single pollination after flower opening appeared twelve times as efficient as pollination after emasculation. Delayed pollination may be recommended for crossing wild peas.


In the light of the status in quo of Chinese Wushu combat, this paper reflects upon the globalization of the game rule for Chinese Wushu combat. Simultaneously, based on the results of investigation and contrastive studies on the popular combat sports in the world, this paper tries to put forward some constructive suggestions on the reform of game rules for Chinese Wushu combat, in order to meet the development of the times and the requirements of Olympic Games.


The aims of this research is to determine the feasibility of software to reduce misconception on students using conceptual change text strategy on chemical bonding matter. This research is using Research & Development (R&D) design with X IPA MAN Sidoarjo's students as a subject. Instrument used are student responses, student activity observation, and pretest-posttest sheet. Software developed using PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) programming language. The result analyzed by a descriptive quantitative method that can be conclude as (1) The validity of software is valid showed by content validity average percentage is 88,57% with very valid  criteria and construct validity average percentage is 88,89% with very valid  criteria (2) the practicity of software got 87,41% with very practice criteria (3) Software effective in detect and reduce misconception that showed by percentage the average shift of conception from misconception to know concept is 83.53%. Keywords: software, misconception, conceptual change text, chemical bonding.


Site selection of waste-to-energy (WtE) plant is critically important in the whole life cycle. Some research has been launched in the WtE plant site selection, but there is still a serious problem called Not In My Back Yard (NIMBY) effect that needs to be solved. To solve the problem, an improved multigroup VIKOR method is proposed to choose the optimal site and compromised sites. In the proposed method, the public satisfaction is fully considered where the public is invited as an evaluation group far more than creating general indicators to represent the public acceptance. First of all, an elaborate criteria system is built to evaluate site options comprehensively and the weights of criteria are identified by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Then, the interval 2-tuple linguistic information is adopted to assess the ratings for the established criteria. The interval 2-tuple linguistic ordered weighted averaging (ITL-OWA) operator is utilized to aggregate the opinions of evaluation committee while the opinions of the public are aggregated using weighted average operator. Finally, a case from south China which shows the computational procedure and the effectiveness of the proposed method is proved. Last but not least, a sensitivity analysis is conducted by comparing the results with different weights of evaluation group assessments.


Important progress has been made nowadays in development of new composites engineering materials from renewable, large available lignocellulosic waste materials, as a more sustainable alternative to raw materials from fossil sources. Our research has been focused on synthesis and characterization of some new composites adhesives based on woody wastes fillers ammonium, aluminium and iron and chromium lignosulfonates, as partial substitutes for toxic synthetic monomers phenol and formaldehyde in synthesis of phenol-formaldehyde resins (matrix). The improvements achieved, by using the lignosulfonates, in the properties of the new composites resins phenol-formaldehyde-lignin derivatives consist on decrease in adhesive viscosity, better water resistance of finished boards, increasing of the pot life, resistance to


SUMMARYIn the present study, we investigated whether intramuscular COVID-19 vaccination elicits SARS-CoV-2 spike (S)-specific T cells in the nasal mucosa. During sinus surgery, nasal tissue samples were obtained from unexposed individuals, vaccinated individuals without infection, and vaccinated individuals with breakthrough infection (BTI). In all three patient groups, analysis of activation-induced markers revealed nasal S-reactive T cells that expressed tissue-resident markers, including CD69, CD103, and CXCR6. We next performed MHC-I multimer staining to examine nasal S-specific CD8+ T cells. Multimer+ CD8+ T cells with tissue-resident phenotypes were present among nasal cells from not only vaccinees with BTI but also vaccinees without infection, with no difference in frequency between these two groups. Moreover, upon ex vivo stimulation with cognate peptides, nasal multimer+ CD8+ T cells from both patient groups exerted immediate effector functions. These findings show that intramuscular COVID-19 vaccination elicits nasal S-specific CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells that can exert immediate effector functions.


RF photonic link can provide significant benefits in transmitting and distributing RF signals to many separating stations by optical fiber. However, phase noise of transmitted RF signal in electrical-optical-electrical conversions is generally deteriorated by related optical noise. In this paper, a theoretical model about phase noise of RF photonic link is built, and the expressions and characteristics about phase noise are investigated. In the RF photonic link, phase noise is investigated for 100MHz RF signal. The experimental results can agree with the theoretical analysis.


The quantal impulse approximation is applied to the evaluation of electron and proton impact excitation cross sections for atomic hydrogen, a peaking approximation being made in evaluating the matrix elements. It is shown that results previously obtained in the quantal impulse approximation by Akerib and Borowitz are incorrect. The effect of the peaking approximation is to produce very poor results.


Significance
 The new tax framework's first pillar would establish a formula to divide tax rights between digital firms' host countries and user markets; and the second would fix a global minimum tax on corporate profits. Agreement on the latter seems within reach; but the first pillar is the subject of fierce disagreement between developed economies.

 Impacts
 Digital tax disputes will add tension to relations between EU members and the United States.
 Corporate and digital tax questions will rise in prominence in bilateral and regional trade negotiations.
 If the global negotiations fail, this is likely to speed up a more substantial reform of business taxation in the EU.


Sensor has a sensor layer comprising a ceramic material, an adhesive layer containing chromium, and an adhesive layer adhered to one or more portions of the liquid contact surface of the sensor layer, an isolation film comprising a polymer, bonded and a isolation film covering the liquid contact surface of the layer. Isolation film is to protect the sensor from the hot fluid and corrosive, it can be used, for example, from long-term exposure to 85 ° C. to 100 ° C. hot water in order to protect the sensor.


Query and Data Privacy.- Generalizing PIR for Practical Private Retrieval of Public Data.- A Logic of Privacy.- Understanding Privacy Risk of Publishing Decision Trees.- Data Protection.- Secure Outsourcing of DNA Searching via Finite Automata.- A Labelling System for Derived Data Control.- On the Identification of Property Based Generalizations in Microdata Anonymization.- Access Control.- Role Mining in the Presence of Noise.- Distributed and Secure Access Control in P2P Databases.- Constructing Key Assignment Schemes from Chain Partitions.- Data Confidentiality and Query Verification.- fQuery: SPARQL Query Rewriting to Enforce Data Confidentiality.- Efficient Inference Control for Open Relational Queries.- Query Racing: Fast Completeness Certification of Query Results.- Policy Definition and Enforcement.- Mining Likely Properties of Access Control Policies via Association Rule Mining.- Scalable and Efficient Reasoning for Enforcing Role-Based Access Control.- Enforcing Request Integrity in Web Applications.- Trust and Identity Management.- Using Trust-Based Information Aggregation for Predicting Security Level of Systems.- Modelling Dynamic Trust with Property Based Attestation in Trusted Platforms.- Towards Privacy-Enhancing Identity Management in Mashup-Providing Platforms.- Short Papers.- An Access Control Model for Web Databases.- Modelling Dynamic Access Control Policies for Web-Based Collaborative Systems.- Evaluating the Risk of Adopting RBAC Roles.- Preserving Integrity and Confidentiality of a Directed Acyclic Graph Model of Provenance.- When ABE Meets RSS.- PriMan : A Privacy-Preserving Identity Framework.- Detecting Spam Bots in Online Social Networking Sites: A Machine Learning Approach.- Authentication Assurance Level Taxonomies for Smart Identity Token Deployments - A New Approach.- A Secure RFID Ticket System for Public Transport.- Performance Evaluation of Non-parallelizable Client Puzzles for Defeating DoS Attacks in Authentication Protocols.- Secure Location Verification.


Xia Hua The d − dimensional Gaussian free field (GFF) is a natural d − dimensional dimensional time analog of Brownian motion. It places an important role in statistical physics and the theory of random surfaces. This term paper will focus on the case where d = 2. Let D ⊂ C be a bounded domain with smooth boundary and C ∞ 0 (D) denote the set of smooth functions compactly supported in D. The Dirichlet inner product is defined by (f, g) = D f · gdx. Let H(D) denote the Hilbert space closure of C ∞ 0 (U) under (·, ·). The continuum Gaussian free field (GFF) on D is defined formally as a random linear combination (1) h = ∞ j=1 α j f j , where f j are an ordered orthonormal basis for H(D) and α i are i.i.d. Gaussian variables defined on the canonical probability space (Ω = R N , F, µ). The formal series (1) does not converge in H(D) almost surely but it converges in L a (D) for any a > 0 if d = 2 (Sheffield, 2007). However for any f = j β j f j ∈ H(D) since j β j < ∞, j β j α j converges almost surely. Therefore (h, f) := j β j α j is almost surely well-defined and is a Gaussian variable with mean zero and variance (f, f). Furthermore the map f ∈ H(D) → (h, f) ∈ Ω inherits the Dirichlet innor product structure of H(D), that is (2) E[(h, f) (h, g) ] = (f, g) .


Objective:To ebaluate the effectiveless of psychological intervention in the cystoscopy.Methods:192 patients were randomly divided into study group and control group.Health education were routinely done in the two groups,and psychological intervention was used in the study group at the same time,The anxiety,blood pressure,heart rate and the success rate of the cystoscopy were compared between the 2 groups.Results:The SAS score of the patients in the study group was weaker than in the control group(P0.01).The systolic blood pressures and heart rate were also significantly lower in the study group than in the control group,and the success rate of the cystoscopy was higher in the study group than in the control group.Conclusion:The psychological intervention can decrease the anxiety of patients before cystoscopy,and it can effectively help increase the success rate of the cystoscopy.


In WWER reactors as in similar reactors PWR the clustered assemblies of control rods of reactor control and safety system serve as reactor control. The clustered assemblies can be operated as automatic control of reactor power and as emergency protection. Boron carbide powder (B4C) with a natural content of the 10 B isotope use in control rods as neutron absorbent material. The neutron absorbing material is sealed in a tube of stainless steel. Rather small term the service of the control rods of WWER-1000 (2 years as automatic and 5 years as the emergency protection) is connected both with significant embrittlement of the steel cladding 06Х18Н10Т and a swelling of the absorber due to the reaction 10 В + 1 n → 7 Li + 4 Hе ((n, α)-reaction). 10 B isotope undergoes an (k,α)-reaction that depletes the B isotope. At a burnup of the 10 B isotope more than 40% the appreciable yield of free helium occurs and swelling of boron carbide particles and its force effect on cladding is beginning to affect. Hafnium absorbs neutrons, but does not disintegrate like 10 B isotope. It can absorb several neutrons before losing its absorbtion cross section. So it doesn't "burn out" quickly [1]. Hafnium is (n, γ)-absorber, and can simultaneously perform functions the neutron absorber and structural material in control rods. New absorber elements designs have been developed with combined use of hafnium and boron carbide [2]. In Fig. 1 shows one of the absorber element options with increased physical efficiency and service life when using hafnium as an absorbing and structural material. Pure hafnium has a complex of physical-chemical and mechanical properties that allow using it for the production of control rods intended for long term maintenance-free operation of nuclear reactors. The cross-section of thermal neutron absorbtion of hafnium is slowly reduced when operating in the conditions of irradiation due to isotopic composition of natural hafnium [1]. According to preliminary estimates service life of hafnium rods can be extended to 15 years or more due to the peculiarities of hafnium isotopes transmutation in the neutron flux. The relative physical efficiency of hafnium in respect to the core of WWER-1000 is ∼ 80% of the efficiency of boron carbide. According to foreign and domestic researchers hafnium is an ideal material for control rods in pressurized water reactors and can be successfully used as absorber rods of WWER-1000 reactors.


The present study addressed the interactions between processes of circadian and millisecond timing by testing whether the ability for temporal preparation is influenced both by individual differences in circadian rhythmicity and by the time of day at which a task is performed. A temporal preparation task that measures temporal orienting and sequential effects was administered to morning-type and evening-type groups of participants, both in morning and evening sessions. The results confirmed a synchrony effect on overall reaction time (RT), indicating that participants were most vigilant at their optimal time of day according to their specific chronotype. This synchrony effect, however, did not influence temporal orienting or sequential effects. These findings suggest that only processes mediating overall RT (vigilance) but not processes related to temporal preparation are susceptible to circadian influence. The current research thus supports the dissociation between circadian timing and temporal preparation.


Objective To sustain drug concentration of papaverine in subarachnoid for treatment of vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage and confirm whether controlled releasing system is appropriate for the prevention of vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage.To prepare appropriate gelatin microspheres by optimizing experiment conditions,load them with papaverine and observe its release characteristics in vitro.Methods Degradable gelatin was used as a carrier with liquid paraffin as oil phase and Span-80 as emulsifier.Orthogonal experimental design was introduced to optimize the preparation conditions of the blank gelatin microspheres.Furthermore,papaverine gelatin microspheres were prepared using improved emulsified cold-condensation method.Results After optimizing,microspheres with good shape,smooth surface and narrow size distribution were prepared.The amount of drug carried by microspheres was 28%.Studies on the release in vitro showed that newly no initial burst release could be seen,the drug could be released slowly in two weeks.Conclusion The preparation procedure established was stable and practical,and the microspheres obtained showed good sustained-release characteristics.


Students can learn more effectively when actively involved in the learning process. Traditional approach is mainly "teacher-centered" and lacks in nurturing the students' skills in today's changing world. Various non-traditional approaches, that are based on experiential learning, such as project-based, problem-based or case studies-based learning have been developed and found to improve student's learning concepts in engineering. Course modules that engage students can (i) stimulate active learning, (ii) prepare students to solve open-ended real-world problems in industries, and (iii) serve as a natural link to subsequent courses in the STEM disciplines. In this paper, we discuss Create your Scenario Interactively (CSI), which is being developed using Experiential Learning as a model to provide an engaging learning experience of engineering concepts by allowing students to visualize and interact with 2D/3D objects. A casting CSI module is being developed for a sophomore level manufacturing engineering course. We will discuss some initial research results on the CSI module development, implementation and evaluation plan for teaching manufacturing engineering course at University of Oklahoma and Tuskegee University. The pedagogical effectiveness of the CSI system will be evaluated by covering two different areas — (i) students' learning and (ii) usability of the CSI system.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


Induction coilgun systems have been receiving great attention, recently, due to the advantage of its non-contact between the stator and armature coils. Several studies present the simulation and analysis of the coilgun system by using the finite element method. However, there are still deficiencies in current modeling studies of the coilgun system. This paper presents a mathematical design of a multi-stage pulsed power induction coilgun system, using the Taguchi method to maximize its efficiency and reduce the time and cost of the design process. A coilgun system was analyzed and designed mathematically using a state-space equation system. The Taguchi method was applied in order to evaluate and determine the geometric variables, the layer, turn layer numbers for both the stator and armature coils, and the trigger positions of each stage. A finite element method model of the coilgun system was developed in order to compare the analysis results to the mathematical design. The energy efficiency of the three-stage coilgun system was 31.3%, and this is expected to increase along with the number of stages.


Introduction. Professional construction customers (investors) often face the problem of selecting a reliable contractor, when they have to assess construction companies for potential involvement in their projects guided, among other things, by a directly non-measurable emergent indicator of sustainability (from now on referred to as sustainability of a construction company). The given problem is of particular concern as most construction companies are now financially unstable.
Materials and methods. The article defines the sustainability of a construction company. It also evaluates the sustainability of a construction company indicator by a number of statistical estimate iterations. The study proposes an evaluation method for quantitative integrated synthetic aggregators of sustainability of a construction company and identifies several private indicators Xj characterizing a construction company's stable condition.
Results. The advantages of the proposed evaluation method for the sustainability of a construction company are as follows: a unified information basis (construction operations indicators) for the assessment of qualitative and quantitative integrated synthetic aggregators of sustainability. This method is based on unified evaluation indicators of construction operations: technical, technological, organizational, and economical. The proposed method has an advantage of the versatility of the resultant own and comparative assessments of the sustainability of construction companies, visual clarity of obtained results, and relative ease of calculation procedures.
Conclusions. This study illustrates a procedure developed for evaluating quantitative indicators of the sustainability of a construction company. This procedure offers a high level of accuracy in determining the reasons contributing to the lower sustainability of a construction company and identifying symptoms indicative of loss of sustainability. An integral indicator is formed that assesses the stability of the construction company according to the results of statistical analysis and represents a weighted sum of the values of the initial indicators of construction operations and activities of the enterprise. In this way, businesses can assess both their own condition and the condition of proposed contractors.


THE PRESENT CONTRIBUTION to this colloquium concerns only one of the many ways in which the nervous system can be studied chemically. I t concerns the examination of the isolated cellcontaining tissue in uitro, in relatively simple aqueous fluids. In appraising the study of the tissue in this condition, it is necessary to query how similar such tissue may be to its state in vivo. For this purpose many criteria have been employed and, of those, I will describe some which are biochemical. One important criterion is comparison of rates, in vivo and in uitro, of the major energy-yielding reactions of the tissue.' Here commonly used incubation fluids, with appropriate stimulating agents such as applied electrical impulses, can yield rates of respiration and glycolysis comparable to those obtaining in situ. A second criterion is the metabolic effect of such applied pulses. Metabolic response to pulses shows cerebral tissues, again under commonly used conditions of incubation in oxygenated glucose salines, to be excitable electrically. A third criterion, which is the subject of this communication, is the chemical composition of the isolated tissue. This I will consider in mammalian cerebral tissues prepared as sheets some 0.3 to 0.4 mm. in thickness and incubated in aqueous fluids. The use of nonaqueous fluids in such experiments gives interesting opportunities which will not, however, be discussed here.2 Removing the brain and preparing such sheets is obviously a drastic procedure. Many cerebral constituents are susceptible to change in level as a result of manipulations far less severe.1 Moreover it is such labile constituents, changing rapidly with change in functional state of the brain, which are of especial interest in in uitro experiments. Such experiments thus begin with the tissue grossly altered in composition, and the first concern in studying composition in vitro must be restoration of in vivo levels of labile metabolites.


Lesbian/gay print journalism publications are strategically used by younger readers to forge a sense of community identity through a feeling of belonging, engagement, and access. Interviews with readers are used to discuss the way in which such publications are understood as a public 'social space', and a strong desire to engage in lesbian/gay community in a local, geographic and physical sense is identified.


The invention discloses a mixing apparatus capable of realizing dynamic metering and proportioning. The mixing apparatus comprises a mixing tank, a speed-regulating delivery pump, a spiral conveyer, a weight-measuring, metering and proportioning control instrument, two transition bunkers and a weighing device, wherein a conveying pipeline arranged between the speed-regulating delivery pump and one of the two transition bunkers is provided with a flowmeter and a base material pulse transmitter, the spiral conveyer is connected with the other of the two transition bunkers and is provided with an accessory material pulse transmitter and a raster transmitting disc, the two transition bunkers are mounted on the weighing device, the weighing device is fixed on the mixing tank, and the transition bunkers are communicated with the mixing tank. The weighing device comprises a stationary lever which inclines to start an alarm when a weight ratio of a base material to an accessory material in the two transition bunkers does not accord with a predetermined ratio; and the weighing device can directly detect whether the weight ratio of the flowing base material to the flowing accessory material accords with the predetermined ratio, so the problem of inaccuracy of the weight ratio of the base material to the accessory material obtained by measuring flow in the prior art is overcome.


Only the enthusiast of popular music is likely, these days, to remember the name of Jean Goldkette, and only the few who are familiar with the music of the twenties recognize the importance of his Jean Goldkette Victor Recording Orchestra of 1926–27, the first large swinging dance band. It was this band of which Rex Stewart, who heard it at its first New York opening, wrote, "It was, without any question, the greatest in the world … the original predecessor to any large white dance Orchestra that followed, up to Benny Goodman." "Even Goodman," Stewart continued, "did not come close to the tremendous sound of Goldkette…." This is, of course, high praise from one who was himself part of a great musical organization, Fletcher Henderson's, and later of Ellington's. Yet if one listens to their records and assembles the comments made by those who, like Stewart, worked the same clubs and played the same jobs, one tends to agree with latter-day critic Brian Rust, who in speaking of the era called the Goldkette Victor outfit "the greatest band of them all." It is time, no doubt, that the place of this group and of the organization that Goldkette developed was established in the historical stream of American popular music.


The state of calcium metabolism in 249 patients after performance of thyroidectomy was studied up. It was established that precisional technique of the surgical intervention performance directed on the parathyroid glands vascularization preservation, is the main prophylactic method for the parathyroid insufficiency occurrence. Indications for the parathyroid tissue autotransplantation application during the performance of thyroidectomy are substantiated.


In the title compound, C9H8N2O2S, the H atom of the thiol group has been transferred to the neighbouring N atom of the oxadiazole ring. Intermolecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds exist between adjacent molecules.


The present work aimed to validate a low-cost passive monitoring procedure. For its 12 validation, the monitoring of atmospheric organic pollutants polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 13 (PAH) was carried out in a capital of the central-western region of Brazil. The sensors were fixed on 14 poles intended for electrification during the dry season. After 15 days, samples were extracted by 15 solvent extraction and analysed by High-Resolution Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization 16 Detector (HRGC-FID). For the validation of the procedure, PAHs monitored and standardised by 17 the American Environmental Agency (EPA), a benchmark for environmental monitoring of air 18 quality by several countries, were analysed. The results demonstrated that the low-cost passive 19 monitoring method was effective in the quantification of PAH in the environment-air, capable of 20 being used by countries that do not have many resources for monitoring air quality. 21


The paper describes a module levelself-test architecture that uses weightedrandom patterns. A pseudorandom pattern generator (PRPG) is usedto generate equally likely patterns that are then transformed toweighted patterns by a universal weighting generator. The modulebeing tested is assumed to be composed of a number of chips all ofwhich have been designed to support a scan test. The signature iscollected by a multiple input signature register (MISR). Each scanlatch in the module is fed by its near-optimal weight duringtest. In order to avoid any additional test pins, some of theexisting signal pins are designated (demultiplexed) to perform aweight control function during test. This architecture candramatically decrease the self-test time with only a small increaseof hardware overhead.


In this paper, homotopy analysis method is improved with optimal determination of auxiliary parameter by use of residual error function for solving neutral functional-differential equations (NFDEs) with proportional delays. Convergence analysis and error estimate of method are given. Some numerical examples are solved and comparisons are made with the existing results. The numerical results show that the homotopy analysis method with residual error function is very effective and simple.


Purpose To assess the influence of topical application of ibudilast for seasonal allergic conjunctivitis in patients wearing soft contact lenses (SCLs). Materials and Methods There were 16 SCL wearers (32 eyes) with allergic conjunctivitis due to cedar pollen, who were studied from February to April 2007. Before enrollment, informed consent to participation in this study was obtained from all subjects. A frequent replacement SCL (2Week Pure) was worn for 2 weeks, and ibudilast was applied topically four times daily during this period. The severity of allergic symptoms and the severity of SCL-related symptoms were assessed by scoring using two questionnaires, and before and after topical application of ibudilast results were compared. The severity of objective ocular findings was also scored and compared in the same way. After the final examination, the SCLs were collected and immersed in physiologic saline. Then morphologic changes and drug adsorption were investigated. Results Among the allergic symptoms, itching and a dry sensation improved after topical application of ibudilast ophthalmic solution (both P<0.05). Phlyctenular conjunctivitis was noted in one eye after topical application, but there were no significant differences of SCL-related symptoms and objective ocular findings between before and after application. There were also no morphologic changes of the contact lenses, and the ibudilast concentration in the lenses was below the detection limit. Conclusions These results suggest that topical application of ibudilast while using 2Week Pure lenses can improve subjective symptoms without influencing drug adsorption or lens morphology.


The observed toroidal rotation in Alcator C-Mod Ohmic L-mode plasmas has been found to depend strongly on the magnetic configuration. For standard discharges with a lower single null and the ion B × ∇B drift downward, and with BT = 5.4 T, IP = 0.8 MA and ne = 1.4 × 1020 m−3, the core toroidal rotation is measured to be in the range of 10–20 km s−1 (counter-current). Similar plasmas with upper single null (USN) have significantly stronger counter-current rotation, in the range 30–50 km s−1. The rotation depends very sensitively on the distance between the primary and secondary separatrices in near double null plasmas, with changes of ∼25 km s−1 occurring over a variation of a few millimetres in this distance. Application of ICRF power has been found to increase the rotation in the co-current direction. The transition to H-mode is seen to occur in these standard plasmas when the core rotation reaches a characteristic value, near 0 km s−1; hence higher input power is needed to induce the transition in the USN configuration.


A letter from S. G. Strother, Jr. to Charles B. Moore requesting a place to stay in McKinney while he found a permanent place to stay. The envelope has a postal stamp reading "Cross Plains, Tenn; Sep 29" and a hand written note reading: "Solomon G. Strother; Received Oct 5th; 1877; 1878, 1878"


The second phase of the project for the development of an Ocean Data and Information Network for Africa (ODINAFRICA-II) aims at enabling member states from Africa to get access to data available in other data centres, develop skills for manipulation of data and preparation of data and information products, and develop infrastructure for archival, analysis and dissemination of the data and information products.


Objective:An RP-HPLC method was established for the purity test and assay of lafutidine(LA),and unknown impurity of lafutidine was also studied. Methods:The gradient elution was used with a flow rate of 1.0mL ·min and UV detection at 220 nm. The column was Hypersil ODS column (250mm×4.6mm,5μm) purchased from Dalian Elite Scientific Instrument Co. Ltd. Mobile phase A:0.01 mol·L-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer,0.1% triethyl amine,adjusting pH 5.0 using phosphoric acid; Mobile phase B:acetonitrile. Condition of the gradient elution:0-12 min, A-B(80=20);12-20 min, A - B(40:60) ; 20-25 min, A- B(80:20). Results:A linear range of lafutidine was 0. 01 -0. 50 mg·mL-1, regression equation was Y =57.72X-21.31(n= 5),r=0.9999. Conclusion:Good chromatographic separation of lafutidine and its intermediate products and by -products was obtained. The accurate,sensitive, simple and selective method is applied to determine the purity of lafutidine.The main impurity N-[4-(4-piperidylmethyl-pyridyl-2-oxy) -butyl] -2-(2-furfuryl) sulfi-nylacetamide(2H-LA) was identified by HPLC and MS technique.


Two Perpetual trophies for the Inaugural Youth Math Race Clinic & Regatta were unveiled at a Gala reception at Balboa Yacht Club on Friday evening, April 30, by Larry Law, President of the Newport Balboa Sailing and Seamanship Association. (NBSSA) The impressive Andy Rose Championship Cup ("ROSE CUP") will be engraved each year with the names of the winning team members; the yacht club the team represents and the name of the host yacht club for that year. Andy, a former America's Cup Champion, and himself a two-time winner of the Governor's Cup Youth Match Race Championship, and long time supporter of Youth Match Racing, accepted the honor graciously. Each year the winning team from this event will be invited to compete in the prestigious Governor's Cup Challenge held each year in late July. In addition to the ROSE CUP, Larry Law introduced the Nick Scandone Sportsmanship/Leadership Memorial Award, honoring Nick, our long time BYC member, the winner of the Gold Medal at the 2008 Paralympics in the SKUD-18 class and Rolex Yachtsman of the Year in 2005. Mary Kate Scandone, Nick's widow, spoke about Nick's love of racing and the support of Balboa Yacht Club. This Sportsmanship/Leadership Trophy will be awarded each year as part of the annual ROSE CUP event. The Inaugural Youth Match Race Clinic & Regatta will occur on May 14-16 with racing off the Newport Pier. Ten teams will compete, sailing the NBSSA owned fleet of Governor's Cup 21's. Brian Angel, a former Governor's Cup champion himself, will lead a team of coaches who will work with the racers to increase their match racing skills. Applications have been received from many yacht clubs and sailing associations around the country for this inaugural event for what NBSSA hopes will eventually be chosen as the United States Youth Match Race Championship.


The characteristics of the advanced professional education is to stress connections between the practical training and the real world needs;the students' capability of exploring and solving the problems will be emphasized and strengthened throughout the whole 2-year-education.To build a student lab is one of the keys to guarantee a successful result in applying those proposed teachin g methods.The modern practical training education is facing some main issues: 1.how to broaden and deepen the students' view and knowledge within a limited time schedule of teaching;2.the content of the practical training must be latest and cover abroad area which,also,must match and meet the requirements of the current scientific development.In this article our research results will be exp lained in detail on building a multi-media technology lab of The Institute of Co mputer and Software in its size,functions,capacity,and the basic requirements for hardware and software.


This paper analyzes the articles, statements of the famous scientist, theologian, writer, and journalist Rizaeddin Fakhreddin named "About Clothes". The article was published in the "Shura" magazine, where he worked as editor-in-chief. In his articles, Fakhreddin deeply analyzes the religious, national, economic, and medical aspects of clothing. The study examines such issues as the presence or absence of special clothing for Muslims, clothing of other nationalities and religions. Fakhreddin tries to explain that clothing does not have a sacred connotation according to Islamic theology and notes that it only affects a person's character and behavior. Fakhreddin's articles say that there is no special attire prescribed by Islam for the clergy and that each nation has its clothing in accordance with climatic conditions and customs. Rizaeddin Fakhreddin emphasizes that theologians ('ulama') and clergy should be distinguished from everyone else by their excellent knowledge and high ethics, and not by their outer dress. Nevertheless, the clergy should wear clothes that people consider religious; for example, among the Tatars, such clothes are Turban and Chapan. He had a strong position concerning the preservation of national clothing, emphasizing its need for a nation and noticing its relevance for all times. In his opinion, it is not possible to preserve the national costume through sermons from the pulpits of mosques, articles in newspapers and magazines. In this matter, the primary responsibility in preserving national dresses lies on those people who produce and distribute national clothes. These articles by Rizaeddin Fakhreddin on the preservation of national clothing are an essential source for studying the Tatars' daily life and the attitude of the Jadids regarding clothing at the beginning of the XX century.


ABSTRACTIn 2016 the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended screening for depression for everyone over age 13, including, for the first time, during pregnancy and postpartum. The call for routine screening has profound health implications for women, who are diagnosed with depression at almost twice the rate of men and who are prescribed antidepressants far more frequently than men. In this article, we identify the ways in which "disease mongering" contributes to overdiagnosis, review the efficacy and safety of antidepressant medication use during pregnancy, and discuss why the USPSTF recommendations are likely to result in more harm than benefit by exposing women to unnecessary psychotropic drug treatment. Recommendations for enhancing informed consent practices are offered.


The present invention relates to a process for preparing a cosmetic composition, comprising the steps of: - selecting at least one chamber of several chambers containing different products, the enclosures being disposed on a same extraction device and / or part a single recharge, and- circulating a fluid through the speakers or selected so as to collect at least one solution constituting all or part of the cosmetic composition.


Abstract : This report describes the results of Phase I of the Gallium Arsenide Digital Integrated Circuits program, which was intended to demonstrate the feasibility of fabricating digital circuits with GaAs metal-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MESFET) technology. Dc, RF and switching parameters of the GaAs MESFET were characterized, a large-signal nonlinear device model developed and verified with the characterization data and a MESFET logic gate fabricated. The logic gate exhibited a propagation delay of 60 ps plus 15 ps per output load and a useful bandwidth of 3-4 GHz. Based on these experimental results, it is predicted that practical medium-scale logic systems with 2-3 GHz clock rates will be possible. Progress in the development of a MESFET process with self-aligned gate is reported. (Author)


Spanish banks, Group Santander and Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA) are becoming the new Spanish armada. These two banks are transforming themselves into large, efficient, and very profitable financial institutions across the globe. A host of internal factors in the 1980s, as well as external ones in the 1990s gave Spain a platform to engage in multinational banking activities parallel and supportive of foreign direct investment (FDI). This paper explains the rise of Spanish banks qua multinationals in the global financial scene from its beginning in the early 1990s, accelerating in the latter part of the decade and early 2000s, within an inter-temporal co-evolutionary systems theory approach focusing on the micro-economic level strategic behavior of Spanish banks, while examining the macro-institutional and meso-level of the banking sector in which decisive national structural and industry qualitative changes have taken place and can be observed motivating domestic banks to expand overseas and to engage in asset exploiting while seeking more profitable markets.This paper was presented at the 18th International Conference of the International Trade and Finance Association, meeting at Universidad Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, May 21-23, 2008.


Research on homelessness is generated across many different academic disciplines and all levels of government both in Australia and overseas. Through this research we can clearly identify the scope of homelessness in terms of prevalence, risk factors, the negative effects of homelessness on individuals, families and communities and the success of services in meeting the needs of people experiencing homelessness.


The aim of the article is to present the role of the commune in the system of public tasks of administration of provision. The commune is the basic unit of local self-government in Poland, the scope of its activities comprises matters of administration of provision. These tasks are of local and public significance and from the citizens' point of view are very often more important than the matters of state. The reason for this is the nature of these public tasks.


The paper examines methodological approaches to the formation of the organizational and industrial mechanism of the cluster system of cotton and textile enterprises and agro-industrial enterprises. The author of this article examines various integration structures for the formation of industrial and production structures, evaluates their adequacy to modern innovative technologies as applied to cotton and textile enterprises.


Abstract In this paper the problem of simultaneous reconstruction of the state, the sensor fault and the uncertainty in linear systems is considered. Inspired by the idea in chaotic masking, one scheme for chaotic secure communication, this paper proposes a new scheme to resolve the above problem. Together with iterative learning strategy, the generalized state observer proposed in chaotic masking can be used to simultaneously reconstruct the state, the sensor fault and the uncertainty. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations verify the effectiveness of this scheme.


Transparent objects are prevalent across many environments of interest for dexterous robotic manipulation. Such transparent material leads to considerable uncertainty for robot perception and manipulation, and remains an open challenge for robotics. This problem is exacerbated when multiple transparent objects cluster into piles of clutter. In household environments, for example, it is common to encounter piles of glassware in kitchens, dining rooms, and reception areas, which are essentially invisible to modern robots. We present the GlassLoc algorithm for grasp pose detection of transparent objects in transparent clutter using plenoptic sensing. GlassLoc classifies graspable locations in space informed by a Depth Likelihood Volume (DLV) descriptor. We extend the DLV to infer the occupancy of transparent objects over a given space from multiple plenoptic viewpoints. We demonstrate and evaluate the GlassLoc algorithm on a Michigan Progress Fetch mounted with a first generation Lytro. The effectiveness of our algorithm is evaluated through experiments for grasp detection and execution with a variety of transparent glassware in minor clutter.


Purpose
Revitalising the debate about how to operationalise and measure the extent of welfare states – the so-called dependent variable problem – recent research claims a close theoretical interaction between three different indicators: aggregated data on social expenditure, social rights and social benefit receipt. It is suggested that they all serve as an approximation of welfare state generosity as a dependent variable and help understand variation between as well as change of welfare states. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how these three indicators statistically relate to each other, using data on unemployment cash benefits.

Design/methodology/approach
To this end, a time series cross-sectional analysis is carried out, covering 16 European countries for the period 2003–2011.

Findings
Results confirm theoretical reflections on the link between the different indicators, whereby higher levels of social expenditure are positively associated with more generous social rights as well as higher levels of benefit receipt. Additionally, the study points to an ambivalent relation between benefit access and benefit levels within indicators as well as across them. This suggests competing policy choices in European welfare states, whereby more generous benefit access implies lower benefit levels and vice versa.

Originality/value
The study contributes to the existing dependent variable literature in a twofold way. First, the conceptual link between the three different indicators and the assumptions they are associated with are critically reviewed. Second, by providing a statistical analysis of the relation between the different indicators across 16 countries, the study goes beyond theoretical elaborations about their association as well as existing small-N or medium-N case time trend studies.


The mobile radio channel in areas dominated by hills and mountains is frequency selective with severe time delay spread-up to 40-100 /spl mu/s is measured in Norway. A GSM mobile can utilize only 15 /spl mu/s of this channel, while the power laying outside this time window will be received as interfering noise. First order reflection calculations based on bistatic radar theory makes it possible to predict the channel response throughout base station coverage areas, such that the areas with low signal-to-interference ratio can be detected. The method is successfully implemented and verified against measurements.


This special issue of Geography Research Forum is different to many previous issues of the journal. All the papers which comprise this issue are authored by women. The papers were first presented at the Habitus 2000: A Sense of Place conference in Perth in 2000; a conference that was inspired by the French sociologist, Pierre Bourdieu and his notion of the habitus as 'a sense of one's place'. The papers published in this issue represent a feminized habitus. This editorial introduction offers a brief overview of Bourdieu's concept of the habitus and seeks to locate the individual articles, offering readers a sense of their contextual place.


The aims of this research are to set up a large contemporary ensemble that plays varied repertoire in different performance contexts and may generate at the same time, a vehicle for my composition and arranging. Involved within the research are strategies to increase the musical and performance skills of the musicians, to break down barriers between the audience and performers, to look at ways to include / promote/ increase/ audience participation, to work with the community, and find opportunities for paid employment for big band situations. Aspects of New Orleans brass bands, the Duke Ellington's and Count Basie's Orchestra's will be investigated to determine if and how the concepts of their styles can be adapted to my own music to create something valid for today's situation in a city like Perth, Western Australia. DECLARATION I certify that this thesis does not, to the best of my knowledge and belief: (i) incorporate without acknowledgement any material previously submitted for a degree or diploma in any institution of higher education; (ii) contain any material previously published or written by another person except where due reference is made in the text; or (iii) contain any defamatory material. Signature_ Date 2 2 . o 8. 6 3 / I iv


●Abstract● Objective: The purpose of this study was to clarify effi cacy and safety of a combined therapy of intravenous administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV rt-PA) followed by an intra-arterial thrombolysis for acute embolic occlusion of cerebral major arteries. Methods: From January 2008 to March 2010, 27 patients with acute major artery embolic occlusion underwent IV rt-PA, and nine patients, in whom recanalization of the affected arteries was not achieved using IV rt-PA, underwent the combined therapy of IV rt-PA and intra-arterial thrombolysis. Results: Of the 27 patients treated with IV rt-PA, four patients (15%) showed favorable clinical outcomes 3 months after the treatment. On the other hand, in fi ve of the nine patients treated with the combined therapy (55%), both successful recanalization immediately after the treatment and favorable outcomes at 3 months were obtained. No permanent defi cits caused by the combined therapy were observed in the present series. Conclusion: The combined therapy of IV rt-PA followed by intra-arterial thrombolysis is effective and safe for patients in whom recanalization of the occluded arteries is not achieved immediately after IV rt-PA therapy. ●Key Words● combined treatment, intra-arterial thrombolysis, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, ultra-acute ischemic stroke


In order to solve the technical problem of controlling ground pressure of roadways in deep mine,test research on physical mechanics features of surrounding rocks of roadway in a deep coal mine is carried out based on the fact that one general air-return entry in composite geological conditions is damaged and even destroyed because of high pressure.An analy sis on demonstration of pressure behavior and mechanism of surrounding rocks is conducted.The principle and support plan of reinforcing sides and reducing span for controlling the floor heave is provided.With the technical measures of the combined support and grouting,the roadways support strength is bettered.The destruction in surrounding rock of roadway because of dy namic pressure is controlled and rational support results were reached and good benefits are obtained.


Oil spill can be described as a global issue, which causes serious concern to human life and the environment, therefore early identification and remedial measures taken at an early stage is very important. Spectral Unmixing is the process of identifying the constituent spectra of a mixed pixel referred to as endmembers and computing the corresponding proportions or abundances within each pixel in a given image. Many spectral unmixing methods have being proposed in the literature based on linear or nonlinear models. Deep neural networks allow computational models that are composed of multiple processing layers to learn representations of data with multiple levels of abstractions. Deep neural networks have shown excellent performance on various task on image processing with better accuracy compared to shallow learning networks and are increasingly gaining popularity with Hyperspectral imaging. Here we propose to use deep neural network to quantify different Hydrocarbon (HCs) substances in sandy clay loam soil type. Hyperspectral data sets have been acquired using mixtures of different HCs with the soil type. Vertex Component Analysis (VCA) algorithm was used to identify the endmembers and deep neural network was used to predict the quantity of each endmember. Experimental result shows the effectiveness of the proposed method with high accuracy.


This works presents new approach to model formation of expanded austenite (S-phase) during nitriding in plasma conditions. Diffusion saturation of the substrate (iron or austenite steel) is treated as interdiffusion of nitrogen and iron that involves stresses and plastic deformation and is based on the Darken scheme. It is argued that S-phase growing at nitriding behaves as elasto-viscous Maxwell solid. During the process, in the nitride zone, the dynamic pressure appears, which is related to Darken drift and depends on metal viscosity. Basic equations are formulated and discussed. The formula for drift is derived. Exemplary results, i.e. concentration profiles, dynamic pressure and dilatation of the sample during the process, are presented. Concentration profiles confirm existence of characteristic plateau like zone in the surface adjacent zone.


For stratified reservoirs with free crossflow and where fractures do not cause severe channeling, improved sweep is often needed after water breakthrough. For moderately viscous oils, polymer flooding is an option for this type of reservoir. However, in recent years, an in-depth profile-modification method has been commercialized in which a block is placed in the high-permeability zone(s). This sophisticated idea requires that (1) the blocking agent have a low viscosity (ideally a unit-mobility displacement) during placement, that (2) the rear of the blocking-agent bank in the high-permeability zone(s) outrun the front of the blockingagent bank in adjacent less-permeable zones, and that (3) an effective block to flow form at the appropriate location in the high-permeability zone(s). Achieving these objectives is challenging but has been accomplished in at least one field test. This paper investigates when this in-depth profile-modification process is a superior choice over conventional polymer flooding. Using simulation and analytical studies, we examined oilrecovery efficiency for the two processes as a function of (1) permeability contrast, (2) relative zone thickness, (3) oil viscosity, (4) polymer-solution viscosity, (5) polymeror blocking-agent-bank size, and (6) relative costs for polymer vs. blocking agent. The results reveal that in-depth profile modification is most appropriate for high permeability contrasts (e.g., 10:1), high thickness ratios (e.g., less-permeable zones being 10 times thicker than high-permeability zones), and relatively low oil viscosities. Because of the high cost of the blocking agent relative to conventional polymers, economics favours small blocking-agent-bank sizes (e.g., 5% of the pore volume in the high-permeability layer). Even though short-term economics may favour in-depth profile modification, ultimate recovery may be considerably less than from a traditional polymer flood.


Cloud computing is probably the simplest and best fitted way for improving scalability and flexibility ofa smart-grid, however, migrating such critical data-intensive applications to the cloud is not a trivial challenge. For such applications, high security, resilience, and performance are non-negotiable. Therefore, in order to successfully host critical smart-grid applications and workloads, new cloud paradigmsand mechanisms should be adopted to support greater security, resilience, and performance. In this direction, an initiativeby the Second University of Naples aims at ensuring thecritical requirements of data-intensity applications in a highlydistributed cloud federated environment, in which smart-grid applications represent a relevant case study.


Abstract Tanqua anomala (von Linstow, 1904) is redescribed from specimens collected from the intestine of the semi-aquatic snake Acrochordus javanicus Hornstedt, 1787 from south Sumatra. The morphological features given in the redescription allow the confirmation of T. anomala as a valid species, and distinguish it from other members of the genus. Tanqua ophidis Johnston & Mawson, 1948 is re-examined and placed in synonymy with T. anomala.


We report the development of severe subcutaneous emphysema in a child presenting with facial swelling during an acute respiratory infection. We review the known etiologies of air leaks and their appropriate mode of therapy, but also emphasize the importance of searching for other less known etiologies, such as child abuse, trauma to the airways, illicit drug abuse, hydrocarbon inhalation, which will require specific interventions. Int Pediatr. 2003;18(2):92-94.


Borosilicate glasses, 5B2O3· 95SiO2 (mol%), containing TeO2 and ZnO nominally equivalent to 10 wt% Te and ZnTe were prepared by a solgel method from Si(OC2H5)4, B(OCH3)3, H6TeO6, and Zn(NO3)2. A study by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) showed that glasses heated at high temperature (450°C) in air contained both Te6+ and Te4+ ions on the surface layer, but that mainly Te4+ ions occurred inside the bulk glass. When solgel-derived borosilicate glasses containing the TeO2 compound were reduced at elevated temperature in a hydrogen atmosphere, Te crystallites ranging in size from 4 to 15 nm were produced at a lower temperature, between 200° and 250°C. The absorption edge moved from the infrared to the visible wavelength region as the particle size decreased to about 4 nm. For glasses containing both TeO2 and ZnO, ZnTe crystallites formed at high temperature—over 300°C—and existed along with the Te phase.


The invention relates to the technical field of circuit designing, in particular to a self-locking power switch comprising a first MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) transistor, a second MOS transistor, a first triode, a second triode, a third triode, a charger, a battery and other components. System power of an electronic device can be provided through the first MOS transistor by a charger and can also be provided through the second MOS transistor by the battery; a self-locking circuit composed of the first triode and the second triode is capable of effectively controlling reliable connection or disconnection of the electronic device and the battery, power consumption of the battery is maximally reduced, and the self-locking power switch is applicable to various applications, such as remote transporting of electronic equipment.


A generalized theory is used to investigate the effect of axial compressibility on the stability of a prestressed arch obtained by buckling a strut into a deformed shape and then attaching it to its supports. For various amounts of compressibility, geometric and mechanical quantities caused by a uniform load that produces large displacement are computed. Symmetric and, in some cases, unsymmetric modes of buckling are found.


Published procedures for the reaction of primary aromatic amines with epihalohydrins to give 1: 1 addition compounds are not generally applicable, and we have found that they frequently lead to impure products. The reactions were investigated in water, alcohol and bromobenzene solutions. A number of techniques were used to follow the reaction. Infrared spectroscopy gave qualitative data since significant changes occur in the 2.5 μ 3.0 μ and the 10 μ 11 μ regions of the spectrum. Thin layer chromatography made it possible to detect the formation of by-products and to determine the purity of the addition compounds. The best quantitative measure of the rate of the reaction was obtained by means of an oxirane titration with HBr. The reaction of epichlorohydrin with p-anisidine, p-toluidinc and aniline in bromobenzenc solution exhibited an induction period believed to be due to the catalytic effect of HCI split out from the addition compound by unreacted amine. The reaction of primary aromatic amines with epihalohydrins may give addition compounds (I, II, III) in which the ratio of amine to halide is 1:1, 2:1, or 1:2. We have been interested in 1: 1 addition compounds () /\ + C:lf,C:ll-CIIX i'r


Author(s): Ferrigno, Natalie | Advisor(s): Jones, Stephen Graham; Winer, Andrew | Abstract: The first eight and a half chapters of the adult horror novel, Haloes. Follows Mercedes, who is turned into a vampire by a human scientist. She must kill three specific people in order to gain the strength she needs for revenge.


This paper describes the design and measured performance of Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) power amplifier for wireless LAN applications in the 2.4GHz band. The power amplifier (PA) is designed using 0.15μm GaAs power PHEMT technology. The die size of this PA is 1.2mm × 0.7mm and this PA is also offered in 16-pin QFN package. With only 3.0 V of drain voltage (VDS), the packaged PA exhibits an output power at 1dB gain compression (P1dB) of 14.01 dBm, Power-Added Efficiency (PAE) of 31.70% and gain of 7.51 dB, respectively. The maximum current, Imax of this packaged amplifier is 77.90mA and the power consumption for the device is 233.70mW.


Studies during 2010–11 on the infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), Steinernema Heterorhabditis and Oscheius group against larva and pupa of shoot borer, Conogethes punctiferalis infesting ginger showed that, all tested EPNs groups found pathogenic to shoot borer larva. Among them, Heterorhabditis groups was found more pathogenic followed by Oscheius group whereas Steinernema group was least pathogenic to shoot borer larvae. However, Oscheius group was found more promising against pupa than Steinernema group This is the first report of the infectivity of EPNs against insect pests of ginger. These EPNs may be utilized for the insect pests management of ginger in future.


On June 6, 1933, the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago inaugurated Malvina Hoffman's "Races of Mankind," a series of 120 sculptures comprised of bronze and stone life-size statues, busts and heads, and plaster casts of feet and hands that the Museum had commissioned in 1929. These sculptures depicted what the Museum called "the principal racial types of the human species and... their physical characteristics." (Laufer 1933:1) Based upon the principles of physical anthropology, Museum officials wanted to capture the vast diversity of mankind in three dimensions: "Here modern man met with his own image," wrote Henry Field, the anthropologist in charge of creating the exhibition (Field 1953: 226). Hoffman's contract with the Museum established the signatories' shared values to share physical measurements, photographs, and preliminary studies to arrive at a marriage of art and science. According to Field, Hoffman was selected because she had been trained academically in the studios of Auguste Rodin and Ivan Mestrovic and demonstrated her willingness to be guided in the "scientific" approach


Trine Iversen & Lotte Holm: Meals and
the Making of Family - and
Individualisation
In this article we discuss the role of meals in
family life. In the sociological literature on
food and eating the issue of meals is
integrated in discussions of family life,
social communities and socialisation of
children and adolescents. In this empirically
based article we focus on a group of Danish
adults' considerations about meals. On this
basis we wish somewhat to modify the
assumption which is implicit in the literature,
as well as in public debate; namely, that the
daily family meal is the foundation for
integration of the individual household
members into a group, i.e. that it is the basis
for the making of the family. Our material
shows that the family meal is indeed an ideal
that adults strive to realise. However, adults
251
are ambigious in this endeavour, as they are
very considerate about adolescents' social
activities outside the home. In faet we find
that adults contribute to the process of
individualisation which occurs during the
teenage period, by accomodating mealtimes
or accepting non-attendance at meals. The
project of making the family appears to be an
adult project, to which the adolescents are
not expected to contribute. Rather, adults
acknowledge the need and desire of
adolescents to liberale themselves from the
household unit.


It is well known that elastic constants plays an important role in materials science and condensed matter physics. To the best of the authors knowledge, resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) is the state of the art technique because (i) it determines a complete set of tensor from one single crystal sample and (ii) measurement accuracy is sufficiently high. Because of these reasons that the RUS method has been applied to various kinds of materials. However, since the theory of RUS is written within a framework of the linear elasticity, it cannot be applied to a measurement of higher-order elastic constants. In order to determine not only the second elastic constants but also those of higher-orders from resonant frequency of an elastic medium, we must extend the theory into a general framework of nonlinear elasticity. In this study, we developed a theory that describes free-vibration acoustic resonance of two-dimensional nonlinear hyperelastic medium.


Visual Question Answering (VQA) in recent times challenges fields that have received an outsized interest from the areas of Natural Language Processing and Computer Vision. VQA aims to establish an intelligent system to predict the answers for the natural language questions raised related to the image. The questions about the abstract or real word images are appealed to the VQA system; The system understands the image, and questions using Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Computer Vision which aims to predict the answer in natural language. The main issues which affect the performance of the VQA system is the inability to deal with the open-ended question acquired from the user. The proposed system is developed with a Graphical User Interface (GUI) that extracts the image features using pretrained VGG 16, and Golve embedding and Long Short- Term Memory (LSTM) are used in order to extract question features. By merging the characteristics of the images and the questions using pointwise multiplication the ultimate result is obtained. The acquired result is passed through a softmax layer to find the top 5 predictions about the image question. The proposed system has been experimented with various open-ended questions to show the robustness of the system. VQA finds its application in various real-world scenarios such as self-driving cars and guiding visually impaired people. Visual questions aim different parts of an image, including underlying context and background details.


Extensive consumer protection legislation has existed in Australia for nearly four decades. The new Australian Consumer Law ('ACL') in schedule 2 of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth) ('CCA') is the most significant change to consumer rights since the introduction of the Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth) ('TPA'). Over a corresponding period of time, the landscape of the higher education sector has been transformed into a culture of consumerism with the student at the centre as the consumer. However, students have seldom sought redress in relation to infringement of their rights as consumers under consumer protection legislation and more rarely successfully. It is recognised that some rights do accrue to students as consumers of educational services under the ACL, principally with regard to promotional activities of higher education institutions ('HEI'). It is not certain that the ACL can provide effective protection for students as consumers of educational services beyond this known application to address issues regarding the nature of the 1 Schedule 2 of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth), formerly the Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth) as amended Trade Practices Amendment (Australian Consumer Law) Act (No.1) 2010 (Cth); and Trade Practices Amendment (Australian Consumer Law) Act (No.2) 2010 (Cth). The first tranche of reforms received assent on 14 April 2010, operative from I July 2010. The second Bill was passed on 24 June 2010 and took effect on 1 January 2011. 2 The nomenclature 'higher education institution' ('HEI') is adopted as this is seen as a broad definition consistent with policy and international literature. University: 'noun: a high-level educational institution in which students study for degrees and academic research is done' Angus Stevenson (ed) Oxford Dictionary of English (Oxford University Press, 2010) Oxford Reference Online, Oxford University Press, Curtin University of Technology <http://www.oxfordreference.com.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t140. e0906710> or tertiary: 'chiefly (Brit.) relating to or denoting education at a level beyond that provided by schools, especially that provided by a college or university' (at e0854390) clearly encompasses private providers of post-secondary qualifications. See Peter Cane and Joanne Conaghan (eds), The New Oxford Companion to Law (Oxford University Press, 2008): at e2272. The use of HEI is also consistent with the terminology used in the Bradley Review of Australian Higher Education December 2008: see Denise Bradley, Peter Noonan, Helen Nugent, Bill Scales, Review of Australian Higher Education Final Report, 2008 Australian Government (28 September 2010) <http://www.deewr.gov.au/HigherEducation/Review/Pages/ReviewofAustralianHigherEducationReport.a spx> chapter 1, nn 1, 2, 1-2. If the word 'tertiary' is used, following the OECD adoption of the terminology in the ISECD standards, this would have the effect that tertiary only relates to degree programmes and above. The phrase 'higher education' is broader and encompasses associate degrees and diplomas. It is also used by the Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations ('DEEWR') and academic commentators in the UK in the field of higher education law, a less developed area of specialty in Australia. On the development of education law in Australia see generally Ralph Mawdsley, and J Joy Cumming, 'The Origins and Development of Education Law as a Separate Field of Law in the United States and Australia' (2008) 13(2) Australia & New Zealand Journal of Law & Education 7. The legal status of HEI in Australia also bears a resemblance to that of the UK (with the exception of Cambridge and Oxford), particularly since the commencement of the Education Reform Act 1988 (UK) and Higher Education Act 2004 (UK). See generally Oliver Hyams, Law of Education (Jordans, 2 ed, 2004).


Educating the life of the nation and developing the whole Indonesian people who believe to the God Almighty and have virtuous noble character, possess knowledge and skills, physical and spiritual health, have a solid and independent personality, and can be responsible is truly the national educational goal. Hindu religious education provides guidance in living the life and educating the community on how we should behave so as not to contradict with Dharma and ethics. Efforts to improve the quality of religious education intellectually and the development of religious culture by teachers to students at SMKN I Mas-Ubud continue to be improved for the sake of educating and promoting Hindus nationally. The development of religious culture towards the Hindu generation is the cultivation of religious values as a personality tradition, so as to be a virtuous human. But the development of a religious culture of the young generation of Hindu at SMKN I Mas-Ubud has not been able to show maximum results when viewed from the attitude and moral. Related to the social and cultural conditions of students of SMKN I MasUbud, which is currently engulfing education, the researcher was interested in conducting a research with three main issues. (1) How is the process of developing religious culture towards the students in improving the quality of religious education in SMKN I Mas-Ubud? (2) How are the forms of religious culture in improving the quality of religious education in SMKN I MasUbud? Keywords: Development of Religious Culture, Quality of Religious Education.


Abstract To determine the effect of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE)on microbial biomass in paddy soil, a field experiment was conducted in an Andosol field in Shizukuishi (Iwate Prefecture, Japan). Rice plants were grown under ambient CO2 or FACE (ambient +200 ppmv CO2 ) during the growing season in 1998 and 1999. Soil samples were collected at 5 different times from the upper (0–1 cm) and lower (1–10 cm) layers and analyzed for the amounts of microbial biomass C (B c) and N (B N) and mineralizable N (Min. N). The amount of chlorophylltype compounds (ChIs), an index of algal growth, in the upper soil layers was also measured. During the first growing season (1998), FACE treatment did not cause any significant difference in the above-measured parameters except for B C at harvest, compared to the ambient CO2 treatment. However in 1999, FACE caused a significant increase in the amounts of B N, Min. N, and ChIs in the upper soil layers at harvest, compared to ambient CO2. Furthermore, FACE significantly increased the amount of Be in both soil layers, from mid-plant growth until harvest. From early plant growth until harvest, the upper soil layers subjected to both FACE and ambient CO2 treatments exhibited significantly higher values for B C, B N and Min. N than those in the lower soil layers. The amount of ChIs in the FACE treatment increased compared to that in the ambient CO2 treatment, especially at harvest. These findings suggest that FACE exerted a positively significant effect on the amounts of B C and B N, Min. N, and ChIs in paddy soil, particularly in the surface soil layers.


Advanced analytical methods of organic geochemistry are adopted to analyze the source rock and accumulation stages of hydrocarbon distributed in the Middle-Upper Proterozoic Wumishan,Tieling and Xiamaling formations in the Liaoxi-Jibei Depression.The result shows that the parts of the Middle-Upper Proterozoic formations have high organic abundance with high hydrocarbon maturity.They are the main source rocks of the investigated oil.There are many kinds of organic inclusions distributed in the Middle-Upper Proterozoic formations.The types,colors,fluorescence,distribution characteristics and homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions are used to judge the various forming stages.It is believed that the Middle-Upper Proterozoic formations had experienced three or four stages of oil-gas migration and accumulation.The oil-gas accumulation in the mid-late stage is more favorable for forming oil-gas reservoirs.


Inorganic carbon-based membranes for gas separation comprise materials that are fabricated through pyrolysis of a precursor material (often a synthetic polymer), and the more recently discovered carbon nanotubes. Fabrication, assembly into different architectures, and mechanism of operation are summarized for precursor-based carbon membranes, with a focus on selective surface flow and molecular sieving. Only preliminary work on carbon nanotube-based membranes for gas separation has been published. Their unusual transport properties, however, promise their use in gas separation in the future. In light of this application, structural properties and results relating to flow through these tubular structures are summarized.


In May 2001, an international team of pathologists and entomologists undertook a Saccharum pest and disease survey around the perimeter of PNG. This paper reports on pest and disease observations in Saccharum officinarum, S. spontaneum, S. robustum, S. edule and in hybrid sugarcane. Ramu stunt was widespread. Other common diseases were chlorotic streak, orange rust, yellow spot, Fiji and Ramu streak. Specimens of Fiji disease with purple instead of pale green galls were found at Alotau; this is the first known report of purple Fiji disease galls. Downy mildew was only seen on the northern side of PNG. Leaf splitting disease, also caused by a Peronosclerospora species, was common in S. spontaneum around Popondetta. A number of minor uniquely PNG diseases was seen including veneer blotch and target spot. No sugarcane smut was observed at any location; ratoon stunting disease was not detected either. In relation to insects, of note was the widespread distribution of stem borers and planthoppers. The two planthopper genera, Perkinsiella and Eumetopina, account for the transmission of some very important sugarcane viral diseases and their broad distribution in PNG is of great significance. Eumetopina has been observed in the Torres Strait and on the northern end of Cape York. Rhabdoscelus obscurus (sugarcane weevil borer) had limited distribution. Some Chilo larvae collected were unrecognised and may be new species. There seemed to be a low awareness of sugarcane quarantine in PNG; movement of hybrid cane to remote villages around the country has been occurring for some time. This is of concern both for the spread of local and exotic pests and diseases and for the loss of S. officinarum germplasm. Actions are being planned in cooperation with PNG Government agencies to minimise the chance of sugarcane pest and disease spread.


I am concerned in this paper with the performative function of autobiography, not with its definition, or its characteristic tropes. I am interested in "the connection between texts and the existential ac tualities of human life", with the "realities of power and authority", and with the nature and importance of textuality in post-colonial worlds, thus engaging in what Edward Said has termed "a secular criticism".1 "Discourse", as Foucault theorizes it, is the name for that language by which dominant groups constitute the field of "truth" through the imposition of specific knowledges, disciplines, and values. And the term "discursive formation" identifies the set of rules or system of "regularity" which defines the order or correlation of those know ledges and naturalizes that order as synonymous with thinking itself, making it "virtually impossible to think outside [it]".2 Discourses therefore function ideologically to interpellate subjectivity, to "call" the colonial into being. Discourses do not describe some object or ex perience, but constitute it as a knowable element within a semiotic prac tice that casts itself as "timeless, as transparent, as proof against all corrosion and complication".3 Discourse is "a violence we do to things