Besides typical treatment options such as surgery or
 radiotherapy, chemotherapeutics, as they are known from human, are widely
 used in dogs. However, severe side effects and costs limit the application.
 Therefore new alternatives which are more effective and less cost-intensive
 are sought for the dog all over the world. As an accepted in vitro model,
 cancer cell lines are appropriate for the screening of potential
 chemotherapeutical effective substances.
 Dichloroacetate (DCA), an inexpensive and
 easily produced drug, should affect the energy metabolism of cancer cells,
 which is derailed within the Warburg effect. For the proof of efficacy of
 DCA, epithelial tumour cell lines were used. These cell lines derived from
 three prostate adenocarcinomas (DT08/46, CT1258, DT15/08),
 three transitional cell carcinomas (DT08/40, DT15/06, DT15/09) and two
 mammary carcinomas (MTH52C, DT14/06T) as well as benign (ZMTH3) and
 clinically healthy mammary gland tissue (MTH53A).
 Aim of this study was the evaluation of the efficacy of
 10 mM DCA on cell division and associated
 changes in metabolic processes in vitro. Therefore especially cell number,
 lactate production as well as proliferation and apoptosis were analysed.
 Proliferation was determined by means of the proliferation marker Ki67 and
 apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry and TUNEL method using fluorescence
 microscopy. In this context in apoptosis cascade involved proteins c-jun kinase (JNK) and Bcl-2-Antagonust of Cell Death (BAD)
 as well as the pro proliferative and anti-apoptotic tumour promoter protein survivin was proved with Luminex
 Magnetic Bead Technology. In addition, the production of mitochondrial
 derived reactive oxygen species was examined, which for its part is
 associated with apoptosis induction. In the course of altered energy
 metabolism focus was set on lactate release in medium as well as expression
 of inactivated pyruvate dehydrogenase (Luminex).
 Furthermore, the effects of DCA on three microRNAs (miR)
 involved in proliferation (miR‑141, miR-145, miR-375)
 and apoptosis (miR-141, miR-145) were determined.
 DCA had an anti-proliferative effect on canine cancer cell
 lines but without apparent apoptosis induction, which was expressed in
 lowered proof of the proliferation marker Ki67. Although an increased
 production of mitochondrial derived reactive oxygen species as well as
 decreased expression of surviving was observed in all cancer cell lines,
 these changes are not sufficient to verify an induction of apoptosis
 induction. Furthermore, in the examined cell lines DCA resulted in a
 reduction of lactate production due to indirect PDH activation, which
 confirmed the change in energy metabolism from aerobic glycolysis towards
 glucose oxidation. Thereby DCA showed a collectively consistent effect on
 transitional cell carcinoma cell lines, whereas differences occurred within
 the prostate adenocarcinoma and mammary gland cell lines. In the own study
 the absent effect of DCA on human non-cancerous cell lines was not present on
 canine non-cancerous mammary cell line MTH53A.
 Due to expectable severe side effects in the examined
 concentration of 10 mM DCA the solely systemic
 application in canine cancer treatment in vivo is not possible. Because of
 presumable mild effects, a lower dosage promises no success. Merely a
 combination therapy with other chemotherapeutics or radiation could enable a
 synergistic effect and simultaneously a dose reduction of DCA. However, this
 requires further examinations beyond the own study.


Summary A method of compensation for the presence of shallow velocity anomalies has been developed. When the first breaks approach fails for any reason (first breaks are hard to pick, there is a shallow low velocity layer, permafrost etc) the only seismic information available is deep reflections. The purpose of this study is to develop a nonfist-breaks technology provides to determine shallow velocity structures and remove their influence on stacking velocities and imaging. Model and real data examples show the practical feasibility and robustness of the proposed approach if there are deep consistent reflections.


This study examines if correlation between a specific molecular motion and the growth and relaxation of nanovoids, which are precursors to crazes, can be estab- lished. A novel technique, positronium annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) synchronized with cyclic stress, is reported. In this technique the positronium annihilation signal was accumulated in sixteen channels corresponding to sixteen phases of the sinu- soidal load, which allowed statistically significant data for nanovoid generation and relax- ation due to the fluctuating stress to be accumulated. This technique was applied to a series of copolymers of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(1,4-cyclohexylenedi- methylene terephthalate) (PCT). Previous studies have shown that the cyclohexylene rings in the main chain of PCT actively undergo chair-boat-chair conformational transi- tions in the glassy PCT at around room temperature. The PET-co-PCTseries was also cho- sen for this study because the crazing stress increases systematically with the cyclohexy- lene content. The synchronized PALS data are consistent with the hypothesis that tran- sient nanovoids generated by the cyclic stress in polymers containing more cyclohexylene rings relax more readily than those with fewer rings. The results also correlate well with the crazing stress in this series of copolymers. V C 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1410-1417, 2007


We analyze the ac Stark shift of a cesium atom interacting with far-off-resonance guided light fields in the nanofiber-based two-color optical dipole trap realized by Vetsch \textit{et al.} [Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{104}, 203603, (2010)]. Particular emphasis is given to the fictitious magnetic field produced by the vector polarizability of the atom in conjunction with the ellipticity of the polarization of the trapping fields. Taking into account the ac Stark shift, the atomic hyperfine interaction, and a magnetic interaction, we solve the stationary Schr\"odinger equation at a fixed point in space and find Zeeman-state-dependent trapping potentials. In analogy to the dynamics in magnetic traps, a local degeneracy of these state-dependent trapping potentials can cause spin flips and should thus be avoided. We show that this is possible using an external magnetic field. Depending on the direction of this external magnetic field, the resulting trapping configuration can still exhibit state-dependent displacement of the potential minima. In this case, we find nonzero Franck-Condon factors between motional states of the potentials for different hyperfine-structure levels and propose the possibility of microwave cooling in a nanofiber-based two-color trap.


Objective To study the effects of CD on canine left ventricle function by using coronary artery occlusion model. Methods LVSP, ±dp/dt max , LVEDP and cardiac output were recorded during 6 hours after left descent coronary occlusion and effects of CD on the cardiac function were evaluated.Results CD(0.15mg·kg -1 ,0.3mg·kg -1 ) significantly inhibited the decrease of LVSP,dp/dt max caused by coronary occlusion but 0.6 mg·kg -1 CD had no effect. CD(0.15mg·kg -1 ) also inhibited the decrease of -dp/dt max induced by coronary occlusion.Conclusion 0.15mg·kg -1 CD can ameliorate the cardiac function decrease induced by cardiac ischemia, which was independent of dose.


The ion-sputtering technique for measuring concentration profiles in glass surfaces provides a method for studying ionic transport in solids. Simultaneous field-driven lithium ion and proton transfer from solutions into, and migration of these ions within, several lithium silicate glasses was investigated quantitatively. This work leads to the new field of protonated glasses which are distinguished by the availability of all sites to both cationic species. Conductivity and mobilities reported as a function of concentration (50°C) do not exhibit the typical features of the mixed-alkali effect. Mechanisms are proposed for ionic transfer across solution-glass interfaces and for migration of ions within protonated glasses. Small proton mobilities at low proton concentrations are explained in terms of specific sites which function as proton traps and are identified by infrared spectroscopy. The condition for stability of boundaries between migrating ions is discussed.


Manganiferous rock varnish (desert varnish) is common in subtropical deserts, but coatings of amorphous silica glaze dominate rock surfaces of the same lithology and exposed to similar amounts of annual precipitation in the rain shadows of the large tropical shield volcanoes such as those in Hawaii. Lacking an explanation for this contrast, a two decade-long laboratory experiment tested importance of high water vapor content in silica glaze formation. Twenty years of exposing basalt rock chips to 80% and 90% levels of relative humidity revealed that water vapor alone can generate silica glaze and may be an important factor in explaining why silica glaze is the dominant rock coating in humid warm drylands. In addition to adding a new dimension to the formation of terrestrial rock coatings, these findings may have importance in interpreting any coatings of amorphous silica found on Mars.


Existing systolic architectures for DLMS adaptive filtering, delay the coefficient adaptation by (N-1) or N input sampling periods for a filter of order N. Further, these architectures enforce an output latency of the same amount, which translates to a tracking delay. Using an alternate systolization technique, this paper presents a systolic DLMS adaptive filter architecture in which the need for the tracking delay is eliminated and the amount by which the coefficient adaptation needs to be delayed-for systolization-is reduced by half. This would imply significantly improved convergence behavior over those of previously reported architectures. The architecture supports the same maximum sampling rate as the fastest such architecture reported so far, while using only half as many multiply-accumulate processor modules.


The definition of danger is one of the most important problems need to be solved in the application of danger theory in artificial immune system. Cloud model is an effective tool in transforming between qualitative concepts and their quantitative expressions. This paper uses the concept of cloud model to abstract the character of parameters of computer system, and consequently present the definition of danger signal. Integrate various danger signals the definition of danger is got. At last, a cooperating stimulate model including both self-nonself recognition method and danger recognition method is presented.


Abstract The three instars of Hydrocanthus sharpi Zimmermann, 1928 are described and illustrated, including morphometric and chaetotaxic analyses of the cephalic capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment, and urogomphus. Larvae of Hydrocanthus Say, 1823 are diagnosed by the following combination of characters: elongate body; posterior tentorial pits not contiguous to occipital foramen; antennomere 4 2–3 times shorter than antennomere 3; non-serrate inner mandibular margin; siphon short, slightly protruding; urogomphi not fused along inner margin. Hydrocanthus differs in chaetotaxy from Suphis Aubé, 1836 by the position of frontoclypeal seta FR10, antennal seta AN3, and maxillary sensilla MX11 and MXj, the presence of several additional setae on the trochanter, the absence of seta MX16 on the maxilla, of seta AB2 on abdominal segment VIII, and of pore MXd on the galea, the length of labial seta LA2 and of urogomphal seta UR4, and the shape of tarsal setae TA3, TA4, TA5, and TA6.


Naproxen/esomeprazole magnesium (Vimovo, AstraZeneca and Pozen) 500/20-mg delayed-release tablets was generally well tolerated in osteoarthritis patients requiring daily NSAID therapy who were at risk for NSAID-associated ulcers, according to a study published in Current Medical Research & Opinion.


The aim is to map the knowledge domains of international knowledge integration using vector dynamic model, co-word analysis method and social network analysis method, in order to identify the research paradigms on international knowledge integration. Firstly, the vector dynamic model is used to reveal the progress of the international knowledge integration from 2007 to 2012. Secondly, the co-word analysis method is employed to build the co-occurrence matrix of the


The communication of a project's design to craft professionals can significantly impact project performance. Despite advancements in 3D computer modeling and integrated information systems in recent decades, the spatial design is still primarily delivered to the construction work face in two dimensional (2D) drawings of various views. These views must be combined and encoded to effectively understand all orientations of the engineering element. Three dimensional computer aided design (3D CAD) and additive manufacturing (3D printing) provide promising alternative formats for presenting spatial engineering information. By asking craft professionals to complete a reconstructing task of a simple structural frame using 2D drawings, a 3D CAD interface, and a 3D printed model, the cognitive workload demands can be measured. After completing the task, the craft professionals were surveyed on their perceptions of mental workload in six main factors using the NASA Task Load Index (TLX); mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, performance, effort, and frustration. In addition, the subjects provided insights into their preferences of the different model types. Lower workload scores are generally desirable and indicate lower demands on an individual's mental resources, allowing for concurrent processing of other information. The results found that a physical 3D model, on average, requires lower composite cognitive workloads than either two dimensional drawings or a three dimensional computer model. The paper's primary contribution to the overall body of knowledge is to understand the cognitive demands of craft professionals when presented with spatial engineering information in various formats.


There are two kinds of expressions on the precession of orbital plane of a binary pulsar system, which are given by Barker $&$ O'Connell (1975) and Apostolatos et al. (1994), Kidder (1995) respectively. This paper points out that these two kinds of orbital precession velocities are actually obtained by the same Lagrangian under different degrees of freedom. Correspondingly the former expression is not consistent with the conservation of the total angular momentum vector; whereas the latter one is. Damour $&$ Sch\"afer (1988) and Wex $&$ Kopeikin (1999) have applied Barker $&$ O'Connell's orbital precession velocity in pulsar timing measurement. This paper applies Apostolatos et al. $&$ Kidder's orbital precession velocity in pulsar timing measurement. We analyze that Damour $&$ Sch\"afer's treatment corresponds to negligible Spin-Orbit induced precession of periastron. Whereas the effects corresponding to Wex $&$ Kopeikin and this paper are both significant (however they are not equivalent). The observational data of two typical binary pulsars, PSR J2051-0827 and PSR J1713+0747 apparently support significant Spin-Orbit coupling effect. Further more, the discrepancies between Wex $&$ Kopeikin and this paper can be tested on specific binary pulsars with orbital plane nearly edge on. If the orbital period derivative of double-pulsar system PSRs J0737-3039 A and B, with orbital inclination angle $i=87.7_{-29}^{+17}$deg, is much larger than that of the gravitational radiation induced one, then the expression of this paper is supported, otherwise Wex $&$ Kopeikin's expression is supported.


It is a crucible for silicon is described having a base and at least eight outer side wall portions which define an at least octagonal in cross-section receiving space. Further, a crucible assembly for silicon is described, comprising: a crucible is arranged with a bottom and at least one outer side wall which together form a receiving space, and an inner side wall element, which is centered in the receiving space, a together with the at least one outer side wall to form annular space. Finally, a separation unit for a crucible for silicon, which has a receiving space, described, wherein the separation unit comprises at least one separating element, which is adapted to the shape of the receiving space to divide it into at least two compartments.


Determination of serum holotranscobalamin: analytical evaluation and role in asymptomatic heavy smokers. Prevalence of subclinical cobalamin (B12) deficiency is higher than expected. Holotranscobalamin (Holo-TC) reflects the actual vitamin status better than total B12. Cobalamin and/or folate deficiency leads to hyperhomocysteinemia, which, like cigarette smoking, is an independent cardiovascular risk factor. We aimed to evaluate a new Holo-TC immunoenzymatic assay (Active B12, Abbott Diagnostics) carried out on an automated analyser (AxSYM, Abbott) and to verify diagnostic utility of Holo-TC in healthy smokers. Analytical performance was assessed by standard procedures. In 61 (35 males, aged 51±10 years) healthy heavy (>20 cigarettes/day) smokers, homocysteine metabolism (homocysteine, folate, B12, Holo-TC) was evaluated using relevant commercial kits on AxSYM analyser. All subjects followed mediterranean diet. Measuring Holo-TC, the inter-assay imprecision (CV) ranged from 3.0% to 7.7%. Mean recovery was 100% (range 93-111%); a good linearity was shown between 8.8 and 143 pmol/L (r2=0.99). The studied subjects showed an altered homocysteine metabolism: mild hyperhomocysteinemia (>10.5 μmol/L) was present in 56% (significantly higher in men than in women, P <0.05); serum and erythrocyte folate concentrations were below reference intervals in 15% and 56% of cases, respectively; a decreased B12 was found in 16.4% (significantly lower in men than in women, P <0.05) and Holo-TC was below the cut-off in 29.5% of cases. The AxSYM Holo-TC assay is suitable for routine use. Preliminary data confirm the role of Holo-TC in early detection of B12 deficiency in healthy heavy smokers.


Therapy aimed directly at the local site of a painful condition has obvious great appeal. Although intrasynovial steroid therapy is considered essentially palliative, it often provides dramatic and lasting relief of pain in certain nonarticular soft tissue conditions. Anderson and colleagues, through their article which appears elsewhere in this issue of Arthritis and Hheumatism ( l ) , add to the increasing evidence supporting the effectiveness of local corticosteroid injections for De Quervain's tenosynovitis. Ninety percent of 56 cases were effectively managed either with a single injection (58%) or with repeated injections (33%), and only 10% required surgical treatment. These data support Harvey and coworkers' recent report describing an 83% rate of successful response to injections in 63 wrists with De Quervain's tenosynovitis (211. Indeed, the striking favorable response of local injection therapy would make nonoperative treatment the preferred initial choice for this condition (3).


This study investigated the development of auditory-visual speech perception (AVSP) in a group of children with and without inconsistent phonological disorder, a speech production disorder. Children were given tests of AVSP, language specific speech perception (LSSP), and executive functions. Results provide evidence of a link between speech production and auditory-visual speech perception, indicating that failure in speech perception as a result of phonological misrepresentation might partly be due to in efficient speechreading and auditory-visual speech integration abilities.


Brassica campestris L.ssp.Chinensis var.utilis Tsen et Lee is native to China and is one of important vegetables mainly grown in the area of South China.In order to support the use of the male sterility of Brassica campestris L.ssp.Chinensis var.utilis Tsen et Lee molecular marker technique was used to clone the male sterility.The homology-based candidate gene method was used to identify the specific PCR markers linked to cytoplasmic male sterility in Brassica campestris L.ssp.Chinensis var.utilis.By searching the DNA data-base of NCBI,correlative genes or open reading frames were identified.Based on the conservative regions,one pair of primers was designed.Primer produced a 675 bp specific fragment in sterile line.Analysis of the sequence indicated it was homologous 100% with orf224 of Pol CMS.CMS specific amplification results showed that male sterility of the present experimental material was Pol-type cytoplasm sterile.


ABSTRACT Background: Healthcare staff represent a high-risk group for mental health difficulties as a result of their role during the COVID-19 pandemic. A number of wellbeing initiatives have been implemented to support this population, but remain largely untested in terms of their impact on both the recipients and providers of supports. Objective: To examine the experience of staff support providers in delivering psychological initiatives to healthcare staff, as well as obtain feedback on their perceptions of the effectiveness of different forms of support. Method: A mixed methods design employing a quantitative survey and qualitative focus group methodologies. An opportunity sample of 84 psychological therapists providing psychological supports to Northern Ireland healthcare staff participated in an online survey. Fourteen providers took part in two focus groups. Results: The majority of providers rated a number of supports as useful (e.g. staff wellbeing helplines, Hospital In-reach) and found the role motivating and satisfying. Thematic analysis yielded five themes related to provision of support: (1) Learning as we go, applying and altering the response; (2) The 'call to arms', identity and trauma in the collective response; (3) Finding the value; (4) The experience of the new role; and (5) Moving forward. Conclusions: While delivering supports was generally a positive experience for providers, adaptation to the demands of this role was dependent upon important factors (e.g. clinical experience) that need to be considered in the planning phase. Robust guidance should be developed that incorporates such findings to ensure effective evidence-based psychological supports are available for healthcare staff during and after the pandemic. HIGHLIGHTS Providers of wellbeing supports to healthcare staff during COVID-19 viewed them as useful and the role satisfying. Key factors (e.g. clinical experience) should be considered to make the role manageable. Guidance should be developed to ensure appropriate supports are delivered.


A rokudoku-pair square is an order-6 sudoku Latin square for both 2 × 3 and 3 × 2 tiling regions simultaneously. We count the distinct rokudoku-pair squares as well as orbits under the action of a suitable group. Our arguments employ group actions and list colorings of graphs. As an application we determine which rokudoku-pair squares are based on groups. ∗Corresponding author.


An infusion fluid warming bag (latent-heat-type heat accumulator member) 26 is held in close contact with a rear surface of a tube holding plate 20 fitted in a casing body 12 constituting a tube holding device, so as to be disposed in such a position relative to an infusion fluid tube 16 (held between an upper cover 14 and the tube holding plate 20) that enables an infusion fluid to be warmed. The thus disposed infusion fluid warming bag 26 generates a latent heat generated in a phase change from liquid phase to solid phase, whereby the infusion fluid in the infusion fluid tube 16 is warmed by the latent heat. The latent-heat-type heat accumulating material 28 disposed in the infusion fluid warming bag (latent-heat-type heat accumulator member) 26 rapidly generates the latent heat in the phase change from the liquid phase to the solid phase, and the temperature of the generated heat can be rapidly elevated and then held substantially constant for a relatively large length of time, so that it is possible to rapidly warm the infusion fluid passing through the infusion fluid tube 16 even in a circumstance without availability of a power source, and maintain the warmed infusion fluid at a constant temperature from an initial stage of the warming for a relatively large length of time.


To the Editor: The circumstances surrounding the testing of an individual for the antibodies against HIV abound with personal, public, and professional ethical concerns. The federal AIDS Policy Act proposed in the House and h a t e xry properly addresses most of these concerns. It encourages appropriate counseling and testing and authorites funds for such activities. Individuals and organizations involved in providing testing should assure that an individual not request or allow testing without full undcntanding of the significance of the test and the consequences of the results to themselves and to others. The testing of blood for the presence of HIV antibody can be likened to a biopsy to determine if a malignancy exists. A positive result for either can be a lifethreatening outcome. Both can threaten others in terms of potential loss of life of the person tested; a positive HIV antibody test can literally threaten the physical health of others. A physician's responsibility in both cases is a heavy one. The companion bills in Congress address the physician's responsibilities and place a burden upon physicians to notify individuals when they believe that the individuals have been exposed and that the circumstances of exposure are of serious magnitude. While it should not be the purpose of legislation to prescribe specific methods of accomplishing the intent of the legislation, the following IS offered as one approach. A physician under no circumstances should test an individual for


This paper presented a cost model based on network application and IXP architecture,and designed a network task scheduling algorithm LTTS for network application.This algorithm considers throughput and latency and complete network task scheduling automatically,which has good performance on both throughput and latency.


This papers introduces the ascendancy of gradational PCD enhanced wedgy insert. A preparation process of that bit was detail described, and the variation of gradational composition was verified by electronic probe analysis results.


Single feed circularly polarized resonance cavity antenna (RCA) has been studied for high axial ratio bandwidth (AR-BW). Metallic superstrate layer placed over a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is explored for such design. Optimized AR-BW has been achieved through intensive parametric study. The antenna is capable to deliver high axial ratio as well as matching bandwidth (over 12.6%) with more than 28° of beamwidth.


The article describes the action and interaction of the Radio-frequency system and flat panel coil in Magnetic Resonance,analyzes the possible causes of the coil continuous Burnout Accident,provide the repairing documents,and share some experience.


Mushroom is an important fresh vegetable for the Turkish consumer market. However, mushroom production can only be carried out in a few places due to its specific climatic and geological requirements. The amount of mushroom produced in Türkiye was 55455 tonnes in 2020, 33518 tonnes of which (60%) was cultivated in Korkuteli town of Antalya/Türkiye. The main purpose of this research was to estimate the level of profit efficiency and determine factors affecting inefficiency of mushroom cultivation in Korkuteli/Antalya. Accordingly, 60 producers were interviewed in Korkuteli in 2020. Respecting effective exchange rate of 28th October 2020 ($ 1= 8.21 TL) the average per unit profit of producers was calculated as $ 24.98 and average profit inefficiency as 44%. The inefficiency score was estimated against socio-economic items relevant to individual farms or farmers with stochastic profit frontier approach. Gender, education and satisfaction levels of the producer and duration of harvest and registry to the Farmer Registration System (CKS) appeared as factors reducing profit inefficiency. However, age of the farmer, garden use of waste compost and mushroom sales through intermediaries were detected as inefficiency rising factors. Due to the findings, supporting female producers, providing applied training and courses, developing approaches to raise the satisfaction level of producers and supporting CKS registry were proposed. In addition, it was concluded that establishment of a waste compost centre and reopening the producer union, that was shut down earlier, might reduce profit inefficiency.


Origin and Development of Plant Growth Substance Research.- Darwin and the Movement of Plants: A Retrospect.- The Development of Plant Hormone Research in the Last 60 Years.- Auxins.- Homeostatic Control of Concentrations of Indole-3-Acetic Acid.- The Mechanism of Transmembrane Auxin Transport and Its Relation to the Chemiosmotic Hypothesis of the Polar Transport of Auxin.- Purification and Properties of Membrane-Bound Auxin Receptors in Corn.- Auxin and H+-Excretion: The State of Our Knowledge.- Auxin-Induced Changes in Noncellulosic Polysaccharides of Cell Walls of Monocot Coleoptiles and Dicot Stems.- Auxin-Regulated Elongation: A Summary Hypothesis.- Auxin-Induced Specific Changes in the Pattern of Protein Synthesis in Soybean Hypocotyl Sections.- Auxins - Summary of Other Reports.- Cytokinins.- Metabolites of Cytokinins.- Cytokinin Action on Enzyme Activities in Plants.- Presence and Possible Functions of Cytokinins in RNA.- Probing the Cytokinin Receptor Site(s).- Gibberellins.- Partial Syntheses of Isotopically Labelled Gibberellins.- Metabolism of Gibberellins in Immature Seeds of Pisum sativum.- GA-Biosynthesis: The Development and Application of Cell-Free Systems for Biosynthetic Studies.- The Physiology of Gibberellin-Induced Elongation.- Ethylene.- Ethylene and Seeds.- Ethylene Metabolism and Its Possible Physiological Role in Plants.- Mechanism and Regulation of Ethylene Biosynthesis.- Enzymes of Ethylene Biosynthesis.- Abscisic Acid.- Introductory Comments: Abscisic Acid in the Physiology of Plants.- A Role for Abscisic Acid in Drought Endurance and Drought Avoidance.- Abscisic Acid and Other Naturally Occurring Plant Growth Inhibitors.- Regulation of Abscisic Acid Metabolism.- Studies on the Role of Abscisic Acid in Stomatal Movements.- New Growth Factors.- New Growth Factors - Summary of Session.- Hormonal Regulation in Plant Reproductive Development.- The Hormonal Control of Tuberisation in Potato.- Inhibition of Flowering in Short-Day Plants.- Inhibition of Flowering in Long-Day Plants.- Regulation of Flowering in the Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.).- Hormonal Regulation of Sex Expression in Plants.- Growth Substances: Roles in Fertilization and Sex Expression.- Hormonal Regulation of Morphogenesis.- The Hormonal Regulation of Morphogenesis in Mosses.- Hormonal Control of Morphogenesis in Cultured Tissues.- Agricultural Uses of Plant Growth Regulators.- Agricultural Uses of Plant Growth Substances: Historical Perspective.- Applications of Gibberellins in Agriculture.- Ethylene and Ethylene Physiology.- Applied Uses of Growth Substances - Growth Inhibitors.- Growth Regulator Use in Commercial Apple Production.- Uses of Plant Growth Substances in the Production of Sugarcane: A Practical Case History.- Plant Growth Substances in Commercial Uses of Tissue Culture.- Symposium on Plant Movements.- Circumnutations, Rhythms and Light-Regulated Movements in Plants.- Phototropism as a Phenomenon of Inhibition.- Hormonal Control of Root Georeaction: Some Light Effects.- Action Potentials and Rapid Plant Movements.- The Role of Action Potentials in the Control of Capture Movements of Drosera and Dionaea.- On the Mechanism of Contact Coiling of Tendrils.- Movement by Bacteria: On the Mechanism of Sensory Transduction in Bacterial Chemotaxis.- Participants.


This article reports on findings from a research project investigating patterns in practices among North American college and university archives and records management programs regarding their approaches to capturing, storing, organizing, and making available institutional electronic records. The project seeks to provide a picture of the state of the field for archivists in colleges and universities. Initially funded by the National Historical Publications and Records Commission's (NHPRC) Electronic Records Fellowship Program, the study collected data in 2005 from 193 institutions through an online survey administered to 638 archivists and records managers. The survey was followed by interviews with archivists at 20 institutions to explore in depth the development and implementation of their programs. In 2009, a second online survey was sent to the 193 institutions responding in 2005 to identify what changes, if any, had occurred over the four-year period. Sixty-five percent (126) of the original 193 ins...


The medicinal and pharmaceutical importance of currently available thrombolytic agents like urokinase, t-PA, streptokinase, staphylokinase and others, demonstrated repeatedly since 1970s, however sometimes they cause undesirable side effects like bleeding and allergic responds. The present findings reports isolation, screening and identification of soil bacterium for production of fibrinolytic enzyme. Samples for the study were collected from different locations were first screened for proteolytic activity using skimmed milk agar plate and lastly fibrin plate method was used to evaluate fibrinolytic activity. The strain capable of producing fibrinolytic protein was identified as Bacillus Spp. Using both Bergery's manual of systemic bacteriology and biochemical characterization simultaneously. Selected strain was than subjected to the process of fermentation using basal media for 5 days, 37°C and at 180rpm. Protein content and fibrinolytic activity were measured by Biuret method using bovine serum albumin as standard and fibrinolytic assay respectively. Three stage purification was done, that includes salting out with ammonium sulphate, followed by gel filtration chromatography and finally separated by RP-HPLC, proteins were eluted in peaks with a retention time of 2.092, 3.188, 5.178, 7.295, and 11.32 minutes. The fraction with retention time 7.295 minutes shows a maximum activity. The enzyme found to be having an optimum pH between 7.0 and 7.5. Enzyme is also stable at the optimum pH and found to lose its activity on higher side of acidity or alkalinity. It is more active at 40°C and is stable at 37°C to 43°C with slight modification in activity.


We propose a dynamic programme to find the shortest path in a network having exponential and gamma probability distributions as arc lengths. Two operators of sum and comparison need to be adapted for the proposed dynamic programme. Convolution approach is used to sum any two probability distributions being employed in the dynamic programme. Generally, stochastic shortest path problems are treated using expected values of the arc probabilities, but in the proposed method using distributed observed past data as arc lengths, an integrated value is obtained as the shortest path length. The objective of this paper is to extend the shortest path problem in dynamic and stochastic networks where link travel times are defined as gamma or exponential probability distributions.


Fruit traits are important in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and affect its quality and yield. These traits are controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs). In this study, we identified many major QTLs that control fruit length (Ftl), fruit diameter (Ftd), fruit shape (Fts), fruit weight (Ftw) and locule number (Lcn) in the F2 and F2:3 populations developed from the QTL mapping of GS6 (P1) and Qiemen (P2). A total of 111 simple sequence repeats and insertion/deletion markers were utilized to construct a linkage map with 12 linkage groups over a length of 1320.72 cM. An inclusive composite interval mapping analysis indicated that many QTLs were detected and included ftl2.1, ftd2.1, fts1.1, ftw2.1 and lcn1.1. As a novel QTL, lcn1.1 was located between HM1112 and EPMS709, and the genetic distance was 3.18 cM covering 60 predicted genes. Within the region, we identified Capana01g004285 as a candidate gene by functional annotation and expression analysis and found that it encodes the BREVIS RADIX (BRX) protein. Knockdown of CaBRX through the virus-induced gene silencing approach in GS6 reduced the number of locules and influenced the expressions of genes related to flower and locule development, suggesting that CaBRX plays an important function in the development of locules.


In this work, we investigate the interplay between compression algorithms and watermark embedding techniques. Three different image codecs are applied to a test image watermarked by three distinct watermarking techniques. We find that a match or similarity between the compression and watermarking domain or technique does not result in the best results in any case. On the contrary, the results of compression attacks of this type are extremely hard to predict.


While journalists speculated about whether the 2010 UK General Election was the country's "first Internet election", semantic polling (using algorithms to read social media data) was under-examined. Nick Anstead and Ben O'Loughlin explore the role of semantic polling in the 2010 election and argue that it will become even more important in the future.


Objective: To express and purify the ScFv antibody ra pidly and effectively by applying PET32-c vector. Methods: The gene of r ScFvH22 was cloned into PET32-c vector. After the detection of enzyme digestion and sequencing, the prokaryotic expression and purification were processed and the purified ScFv was detected by ELISA and Western blot. Results: The gene of ScFv was cloned right. The analysis of SDS-PAGE showed that the ScFv was express ed and purified successfully. The result of ELISA and Western blot indicated that the rScFvH22 could bind hTNF-α specifically. Conclusion: The prokaryotic expression and purification of rScFvH22 is established successfully.


The invention discloses a medical exercise flat plate speed calibration method and device. A calibration moving body moves along a running belt, low-level jumps are produced through two photoelectric doors, and a single chip microcomputer captures twice low-level jumps and records time and uses the separation distance of the two photoelectric doors to divide the time so as to obtain the speed of a medical exercise flat plate. The calibration device comprises a calibration moving body, a U-shaped cover, a moving body bearing platform and a supporting frame. The U-shaped cover is downwards suspended above the exercise flat plate in a covering mode, and the supporting frame is fixed to two sides of the U-shaped cover through tightness adjusting knobs. A foot adjustable platform is fixed to the bottom end of the supporting frame. The calibration moving body is arranged on the running belt of the exercise flat plate. The moving body bearing platform is arranged at the tail portion of the exercise flat plate. The medical exercise flat plate speed calibration method and device has the advantages of being high in testing accuracy, convenient to carry, wide in application range and the like.


The problem of the spread of the coronavirus epidemic is now being widely discussed not only in the media, but also in legislative and executive authorities, business and scientific circles around the world, including in Russia. The article provides a brief overview of the main epidemics that occurred in modern world history, their impact on the economy of individual countries and the world economy as a whole. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the impact degree of epidemics and pandemics on the transport sector of the economy. The specificity of the impact of the spread of mass diseases on the functioning of transport system and its' economic security is shown. Possible directions of organizational and legal support for the activities aimed at minimizing the consequences of the pandemic on the economic security of transport are substantiated.


Education is a process of learning and development. Education aims to change a man from normal to perfect. Education is the fundamental process to change a man to complete man. It is a process of all – round growth and development of physical, mental, social, emotional, moral and spiritual. Education is an enlightment and empowerment of total behaviour. It develops the cognitive, affection and cognitive aspects of the learner's behaviour. Tagore aimed to develop an ideal educational system in India. He emphasis not only body and mind to change through education but also soul, including physical, mental, religious and spiritual.
 Tagore was born during a period of strife in pre-independence India. He stood for the development of a free mind, free knowledge and a free nation. According to him, the primary objective of education was to enable the preservation of the perfect symphony between one's life and the world outside.
 "The highest education is that which does not merely give us information but makes our life in harmony with all existence". -Rabindranath Tagore


Kingsborough Community Colkge's Intensive ESL Program, a collaborative,interdisciplinary program, was designed to help entenng ESL students acquire pro ficiency in academic English while at the same hine succeeding in credit-beanng college courses. Corollary to this pninary goal, other important objectives of this program are to improve the retenh'on and graduah'on rates of ESL students and to facilitate their 1ntegrah'on into the social and academic life of the college as a whole. We have found that students who become part of an active, student-centered learning community have a greater chance of succeeding 111 college than those who do not. This arh'c!e will explore the nature and structure of learning community programs and what makes them so effective in contn'buting to the success of entering college students, ESL and non-ESL alike. Throughout the United States basic readers and writers who wish to attend college are faced with the challenge of grappling with aca demic course material while striving to improve their reading and writing skills in order to meet college requirements. Many students in this situation have performed poorly in courses or have had to with draw. Eventually, many have dropped out of college altogether be cause their level of academic English was not sufficient to see them through their courses successfully. The high attrition rate for such stu dents holds true whether they speak English as a first or second lan guage. Although this article will focus on a program developed spe cifically for ESL students, similar programs for native speakers of En glish have also been successful (Tinto, Love, & Russo; Tinto). The program on which this article is based was conceived in the early 1990s, when administrators at Kingsborough Community ColRebecca Williams Mlynarczyk has been teaching basic and ESL wrihng at the City Univer sity of New York since 1974. She is currently Professor of English and Co-Director of the ESL Program at Kingsborough Community College. She is the co-author (with Steven B. Haber) of In Our Own Words: A Guide with Readings for Student Writers (Combndge UP, 1998) and the author of Conversations of the Mind: The Uses of Journal Writing for Second Language Learners (Er!baum, 1998). Marcia Babl,itt is Associate Professor of English at Kzngsborough Community College, where she seroes as Co-Director of ESL and Director of the Intensive ESL Program. She is also Coordinator of ESL for Kingsborough's College Now Pro gram, which qffers college-level courses for New York City high school students. She is co-author (with Rebecca W Mlynarczyk) of "Keys to Successful Content-Based ESL Programs: Adminis trative Perspech'ves" and authorof"Malang Wrihng Count 111 an ESL Leaming Community" (both cited in the context of this arh'c!e). Q Journal of Basic Wriling, Vol. 21, No. I, 2002 71 DOI: 10.37514/JBW-J.2002.21.1.06 lege, where we teach, expressed concern over the amount of time it took ESL students to complete their required English courses. Regulations governing New York State's Tuition Assistance Program (TAP) were changing, and it was feared that students would use up their financial aid before they had completed their non-credit ESL and English courses. Professor Robert Viscount, who was director of ESL at the time, worked with a faculty committee to develop a content-based program for ESL students in their first semester of college study, whichit was hopedwould accelerate students' progress in English while also enabling them to succeed in credit-bearing courses. The resulting program, known as the Intensive ESL Program, was begun in the spring of 1995. In this collaborative, interdisciplinary program, students acquire proficiency in "academic English" by taking credit-bearing courses while receiving language support in ESL and speech courses. In each cohort of this full-time program, students attend all classes as a group and earn 8 regular college credits as well as 8 "equated credits" for the required ESL course. (Equated credits enable students to be considered full-time and thus eligible for financial aid but do not count toward graduation.) Based on regular CUNY (City University of New York) assessment measures, entering students are placed in one of three different levels. Students are required to be in class five days a week from 9 a.m. until3 p.m., with an hour off each day for lunch (see Appendix 1 for a typical block schedule). Students in the Intensive Program spend 8 hours per week with the ESL instructor; they also receive 4 hours of tutorial instruction each week from tutors who regularly attend courses in the program, thus serving as valuable liaisons among all the program components. (The tutoring program is administered by Kingsborough's Reading and Writing Center. Tutors, most of whom have a B.A. or M.A. degree, participate in weekly seminars with one of the Center's academic directors as well as in monthly meetings of Intensive ESL Program faculty.) Depending on the students' ESL level, they take different creditbearing coursesfor example, Introduction to Sociology, Introduction to Psychology, Popular American Culture (a history course), Speech, and Student Development (courses that are taught by counselors and provide an orientation to college life as well as career counseling). All faculty members, counselors, and tutors in the program attend regular meetings and work closely together to develop an integrated approach to the students' course work in each of the blocks (see Babbitt and Mlynarczyk). The primary goal of the Intensive Program was to accelerate students' learning of academic English (speaking, listening, reading, and writing) so that they could complete the ESL course sequence more quickly than was previously possible. Because of the intensive nature of the program, students have the opportunity to skip one or more


We show that distinct primitive L-functions can achieve extreme values simultaneously on the critical line. Our proof uses a modification of the resonance method and can be applied to establish simultaneous extreme central values of L-functions in families.


INTRODUCTION Increasingly, academic programs look to assessment as an important vehicle in determining the overall veracity of a program. It is a means by which the deliverer (instructor) of an academic program can determine if the goals and objectives of the program have been achieved by the recipients (students). Institutional effectiveness is concerned with the extent to which intended outcomes are being achieved (Black & Duhon, 2003). There are two (2) fundamental schemas of assessment delivery. The first employs an instrument developed externally and is standardized across a multitude of dimensions, like the Educational Testing Service's (ETS) exam in business. The second approach employs an embedded, internally developed, instrument that explicitly measures the specific outcomes associated with a program or course. The purpose of this paper is to examine the various factors or drivers that influence a student's performance on an embedded, course specific assessment (local). These factors or drivers are described along two (2) dimensions, environmental or external, and internal student drivers. The assessment was administered to multiple sections of students in the same foundation or principles level course. The delivery of the actual course material was done both in the traditional in class model, as well as the increasingly popular Online delivery method. The results of this study are derived in the College of Business at a public university located in the Southwestern part of the United States. The institution is mid-sized with a total enrollment of approximately 7,500 total students, 1,000 undergraduate business students, 350 graduate business students. This manuscript is organized as follows: First, a literature review is provided. The second section of the manuscript describes the data and the model. The next section provides empirical results testing the performance of students on the assessment exam while controlling for format of delivery, professor, student grade point average (GPA), international vs. domestic status, standardized test scores (ACT), transfer students, and gender. The final section offers conclusions and implications. LITERATURE REVIEW Research abounds on the subject of program assessment. Assessment is a "systematic collection, review, and use of information about educational programs undertaken for the purpose of improving student learning and development" (Palomba & Banta, 1999). Collegiate business programs are increasingly tasked with the need for ongoing assessment of student performance in their programs (Adams, et al, 2000; Bagamery, et al, 2005; Martell & Calderon, 2005; Terry, et al, 2008; Trapnell, 2005). Increasingly, since the mid-1980s, there has been a shift towards student-centered and learning-oriented assessments and accreditation (Lubinescu, et al, 2001). In fact, the AACSB imposes standards for program learning goals upon collegiate business programs aspiring to attain or maintain AACSB accreditation. These programs utilize direct measures in order to demonstrate student achievement of the stipulated goals (Martell, 2007; Pringle & Michel, 2007). As assessment increases to build momentum, it is important to identify the internal and external audiences who will utilize the results in shaping and refining the assessment process. A comprehensive assessment process provides an institution with information that can be both shared and utilized to satisfy the needs of internal and external constituents. The internal audience (faculty, students, assessment committees, administrators and alumni) benefits by helping to define successful ongoing programs, implementing similar programs, and for improving less successful programs. Externally, the assessment data are used to demonstrate to accreditation organizations, government officials, government boards and other constituents the institution's effectiveness and accountability (Aloi, et al, 2003). …


Confiding in someone with similar experiences is often helpful during a time of personal crisis. That is the guiding principle behind Reciprocal Peer Support, a groundbreaking program that connects persons experiencing a mental health crisis with a peer from a similar background. Cops talk to cops, veterans talk to veterans, and mothers of children with special needs talk to each other. Located in a large call center at Rutgers University Behavioral Health Care (RUBHC) in Piscataway, New Jersey, Reciprocal Peer Support oversees hotlines for 14 unique peer support programs, including COP2COP, Mom2Mom, Vets4Warriors, Vet2Vet, and Care2Caregivers. Callers are immediately put in touch with a trained peer supporter who gathers information while assessing suicide risk. If appropriate, peer supporters can pivot to a casemanagement role, providing long-term support based on four structured tasks in order to secure services as clinically indicated. The Reciprocal Peer Support tasks include connection, information/ risk assessment, case management, and resilience. The "cultural connection" between callers and peer supporters is the key to the program's success, said program director Cherie Castellano. Not only does it help overcome stigma, but it also forms the foundation on which to build a relationship. "These days, everyone can search the Web for referral options and access to information," said Ms. Castellano. "Our callers are looking for something more," she said. "They need to know that they are not alone and that seeking help is a viable option." In recognition of a reciprocal peer support program for addressing mental health crises among police, veterans, mothers of children with special needs, and other populations, Reciprocal Peer Support was selected to receive the 2018 Silver APA Psychiatric Services Achievement Award.


1. Sleep Disorders in Primary Care, Patrick J. Strollo, Jr. 2. Insomnia, Milton K. Erman. 3. The Uses of Bright Light in an Office Practice, Daniel F. Kripke. 4. Restless Legs Syndrome and Nocturnal Myoclonus, J. Steven Poceta. 5. Narcolepsy and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness, Rafael Pelayo and Christian Guilleminault. 6. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome, Kingman P. Strohl. 7. Pharmacology in Sleep Medicine, Wallace B. Mendelson and Cosmo Caruso. 8. Common Sleep Problems in Children, Ronald Dahl. 9. Sleep Disorders in Primary Care Practice, Richard D. Simon, Jr., Eric M. Ball, and Jennings C. Falcon. 10. Sleep Medicine as Preventive Medicine, Stephen F. Johnson. Index.


Changes in 14C content of metabolites in photosynthesising Chlorella have been investigated following the addition of iodoacetic acid or ammonium chloride. The 14C content of phospho glyceric acid increases in the former and decreases in the latter case. Both reagents divert 14C from sucrose and polysaccharide into compounds of and associated with the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The principal site of iodoacetic acid inhibition is triose phosphate dehydrogenase whereas ammonium chloride stimulates the conversion of phosphoglyceric acid to phosphoenol pyruvate and pyruvic acid. The latter suggests a direct effect of the ammonium ion on phos phoglyceromutase, enolase, or pyruvic kinase in vivo. Changes in the concentration of alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, and glutamine upon addition of the ammonium ion are not well correlated with their 14C-labelling patterns.


It is shown here that the number of degrees of freedom, or what is equivalent-the number of natural frequencies-of any RLC network can readily be determined from the number of energy-storing elements and the topology of the network. The effect of loss (resistance) in altering the number of degrees of freedom is explained.


The effects of three additional boundary conditions (ABC) on the reflection and transmission spectra for exciton polaritons propagating in spatially dispersive media are studied for both p and s configurations. An investigation of the ratios of the electric field amplitudes associated with the normal modes in these media is carried out. There is qualitative agreement among the predictions of the different ABC, but there are significant quantitative differences, especially in the longitudinal polariton spike excited only in the p geometry. Contact with formulations not using the ABC approach is made. The results are illustrated by parameters modelling the 1s exciton of PbI2.


Melt growth methods such as the floating zone, Czochralski and open-boat methods are employed for the growth of semiconductor crystals. The quality and performance of solid-state devices depend strongly on the incorporation of ingredient atoms into the solidfying solid. The distribution and extent to which ingredient atoms are incorporated into the solid result in compositional homogeneity of the grown crystal. The mechanism by which the ingredient atoms are transported in melt growth is convection. Usually, in melt growth the thermally driven convections govern the whole growth process, and additional convections, such as forced convection and/or convection induced by electrodynamic force, could coexist. An understanding of the role of convection in melt growth was well presented in [1, 2]. In order to prevent contamination and inhomnogeneity for sophisticated devices, floating-zone melting hs been developed for the containerless process of single-crystal growth. Instead of the absence of a container, a floating zone has a free surface on which the thermal gradient causes additional fluid motion. A temperature gradient imposed on a free surface can initiate surface tension-driven flow (so-called Marangoni convection). This Marangoni convection is known to play a significant role in heat and mass transport, and studies of the role of Marangoni convection are being undertaken vigorously, both experimentally and theoretically [3, 4]. Approaches to the characteristics of floating-zone melting have been made. One of these approaches is experimental simulation by means of a heating block as the heating source [5, 6]. However, this approach does not provide opportunities for the observation of the interaction between the fluid pattern and the solid-liquid interface shape, which is expected to be important in real crystal-growth conditions. An alternative approach to floating-zone melting is the possibility offered by the ring-heater method with improved conditions comparable with the conditions of real crystal growth. The aim of this experiment was to study the correlation between the role of Marangoni convection and the solid-liquid interface. In addition, the temperature distribution on the free surface of a NaNO 3 floating zone was studied. As experimental material, solid NaNO 3 was used because it has properties for simulating semiconductor materials [7]. NaNO 3 of diameter 6 mm is here denoted simply as the 6 mm sample and NaNO 3 4 mm in diameter as the 4mm sample. A platinum ringheater of thickness 0.46 mm was used as the standard heating source. For different sizes of sample, different-sized ring-heaters were used. One was 8 mm in bore for melting the 6 mm sample, and the other was


The Special Issue "Decision Support to Address Multiple Ecosystem Services in Forest Management Planning" includes nine research papers, two review papers, and a white paper presenting highlights of focused research initiatives. The papers provide a comprehensive framework for the analysis and review of advanced Decision Support Systems (DSS), which are multi-criteria decision approaches. Their emphasis is on how these methods and tools may contribute to address the multi-functionality of forests, to support scenario and trade-off analysis of ecosystem services, and to represent interests and behavior of various stakeholders. In the context of forest ecosystem management, a need has arisen to consider various dimensions in the design of the planning process. This calls for the development of appropriate mixes of decision making tools and methods and for its testing with the support of case studies. In this Special Issue, comments on, and implications of, the improvement of innovative decision methods and systems to address the provision of a wide range of ecosystem services and support scenario analysis with the active involvement of stakeholders are presented.


We demonstrate tunable-wavelength, high-brightness photon pairs in multiple lines of a frequency comb, giving the capability to generate photon pairs at arbitrary telecommunications-band wavelengths from a compact CMOS-compatible silicon chip.


Factors influencing job satisfaction of employees in a company is workload. This research aims at (1) to know and analyze the impact of workloads on the performance of employees, (2) to know and analyze the impact of occupational stress on employee performance. The approach that is done in this study used a quantitative research approach and the population in this study amounted to 56 with research samples amounting to 56 people using sampling technique porpose sampling. The results of the study show that workloads are partially positively influential and significant to the employee's performance, working stress in a partially negative and significant impact on employee performance. This is evidenced by the calculated T value greater than the table T value of 2,808 > 1.673 with a significant rate of 0.007 < 0.05 for workload variables and a value-7,036 > 1.673 with a significant rate of 0.000 < 0.05 for work stress variables.


As a targeted drug delivery system,immunoliposomes improve the therapeutic efficacy of drugs,with reduced the side effect and toxicity.The application of immunoliposomes has its unique advantage in diagnosis and therapy of tumor,related research attracts more and more attentions.A number of methods have been developed for preparing immunoliposomes,and the correct conjugation techniques for coupling antibodies to liposomes are important for the activities and stabilities of immunoliposomes.Knowledge of antibody structure and mechanism of couple reactions provides the foundation for the successful use of the modification and conjugation techniques to ensure the target delivery of immunoliposomes.This review summarizes the classification of antibodies used as target molecules,the modification of antibodies and phospholipids for conjugation and the conjugation strategies for coupling antibodies to liposomes.


ABSTRACT The averaging of waveforms necessary to detect small cortical evoked potentials which was pioneered by George Dawson, and the periodicity of component waves resulting from interference identified by Thomas Young, reveal selected components of the visual record to be diminished and others to be enhanced and thus salient. Surprisingly, these examples of achieving salience in neurophysiology and physics were anticipated two millennia ago by the Greek artist Zeuxis. When commissioned to paint a portrait of Helen of Troy, Zeuxis used a not dissimilar method of selection which still resonates today in the carnal artistry of Orlan. These examples reveal the important contribution of graphic methods to the depiction and hence the significance of salience in both the sciences and the humanities.


Abstract : Although prostate cancer patients initially respond to androgen ablation therapy, they ultimately relapse and the tumor no longer responds to androgen, offering little hope for long-term disease-free survival. However, inhibition of AR expression in cells leads to cell death. This suggests that prostate cancer cells are still dependent on AR for survival, even if the cells are no longer responding to physiological levels of androgen. We have demonstrated that expression of AR in PC3 prostate tumor cells can rescue cells from death induced by inhibition of PI-3K. AR expression leads to increased expression of alpha6Beta1-integrin and subsequent increased expression of the pro-survival protein Bcl-xL. Blocking either leads to cell death. We have also generated an in vitro differentiation model of the prostate epithelium which generates differentiated AR-expressing secretory cells that recapitulate many in vivo characteristics. Using this model, we have demonstrated that prostate secretory cells are dependent on PI-3K and E-cadherin, but not EGFR, integrins, or androgen, signaling for cell survival.


Mobile number portability(MNP) means currently number portability among the 2G cellular phone in Korea and subscriber can change his mobile phone system operator without change his phone number. MNP system use QoR(Query on Release) method in call processing. We shows that the realization and performance of MNP system and the problems that is related with MNP system.


The Medieval Academy of America held its seventy-ninth annual meeting in Seattle on 1 3 April 2004. The Medieval Association of the Pacific met jointly with the Academy. The University of Washington was the host for the meeting. Meeting of the Corporation. The annual meeting of the Corporation was held on Friday, 2 April, at 1 P.M. Lester K. Little, President, presided. The minutes of the seventy-eighth annual meeting were approved. Reports were delivered by the Executive Director, the Ed itor of Speculum, and the Delegate to the American Council of Learned Societies. The report of the Treasurer was read by Malcolm McC. Gatch in the absence of Barbara A. Shailor. The Van Courtlandt Elliott Prize was awarded to Carol Symes for her article "The Ap pearance of Early Vernacular Plays: Forms, Functions, and the Future of Medieval Thea ter," published in Speculum 77 (2002), 778-831. The John Nicholas Brown Prize was awarded to Monica H. Green for Women's Health care in the Medieval West: Texts and Contexts, published in 2000 by Ashgate, and to Anders Winroth for The Making of Gratian's "Decretum," published in 2000 by Cam bridge University Press. The Haskins Medal was awarded to Peter Fergusson and Stuart Harrison for Rievaulx Abbey: Community, Architecture, Memory, published in 1999 by Yale University Press. The CARA Award for Outstanding Service to Medieval Studies was awarded to Robert L. Kindrick of Wichita State University. The CARA Award for Excellence in Teaching Medieval Studies was awarded posthu mously to Charles T. Wood of Dartmouth College. The 2004 slate chosen by mail ballot was presented to the assembled members. All present, without dissent, voted to accept the slate and elect the following: President (2004 5): Barbara A. Hanawalt, Ohio State University; First Vice-President (2004-5): Mary Car ruthers, New York University; Second Vice-President (2004-5): Roberta Frank, Yale Uni versity; Councillors (2004-7): Dyan Elliott, Indiana University; Thomas J. Heffernan, University of Tennessee; Richard Kieckhefer, Northwestern University; and Lawrence Nees, University of Delaware; Nominating Committee (2004-6): C. Stephen Jaeger, University of Illinois; and Ruth Steiner, Catholic University of America. Session sponsored by the Fellows. The session sponsored by the Fellows was held on Saturday, 3 April, at 5:154 P.M. Florence H. Ridley, President of the Fellows, presided. In the 2004 election Suzanne Lewis and Thomas F. X. Noble were elected Fellows; Margaret Bent and Sylvia Huot were elected Corresponding Fellows. Professors Bent, Huot, Lewis, and Noble were present for formal induction, as were Judith M. Bennett, elected Fellow in 2002, and E. Ann Matter, elected Fellow in 2003. Citations were read by Robert Han ning, Orator of the Fellows. The session concluded with an address by E. Ann Matter, University of Pennsylvania, "The Bible in the Center: Medieval Exegesis and Medieval Studies in the Twenty-First Century." Plenary lectures. Stephen Owen, Harvard University, delivered an address entitled "Dis contents in the Twilight of Manuscript Culture"; the session was chaired by Miceal F. Vaughan, University of Washington. Lester K. Little, American Academy in Rome and Smith College, delivered the presidential address, "Cypress Beams, Kufic Script, and Cut Stone: Rebuilding the Master Narrative of European History," on Friday afternoon; the session was chaired by Barbara A. Hanawalt, Ohio State University. CARA session. Robert C. Stacey, University of Washington, chaired the session spon sored by the Committee on Centers and Regional Associations (CARA) on Friday morning.


One-hundred fifty-two patients with a diagnosis of stroke were routinely admitted to the hospital and studied by bilateral carotid and vertebral arteriography. Complication rate was 3.5%. Obstructive lesions were seen in 95% of cases. Incidence and location of atherosclerosis and associated disease, age, sex, racial factors, surgical accessibility, and results of medical and surgical treatment were evaluated. Surgical reconstruction was performed in 13.2%. Fifteen per cent of patients died, 20% worsened neurologically, 35% improved, and 30% were unchanged. Medical treatment is best adjusted to each patient. Oxygen therapy, adequate airway, hydration, nutrition, and optimum cardiac output are important in acute strokes. Anticoagulant plus fibrinolysin therapy has produced clot lysis, demonstrated by arteriography, and clinical assessment of a double blind-treated series of 40 patients has shown that this form of treatment can be carried out without danger.


Pancreatic infection caused by Clostridium perfringens is rare and follows a characteristic course. We present a foudroyant course of a necrotizing pancreatitis in a 77-year old man with typical imaging of retro-pneumoperitoneum without visceral perforation, peripancreatic emphysema due to gas gangrene in CT and hemorrhagic pancreatic necrosis.


The study determined some reproductive characteristics of a brachyuran crab, Grapsus tenuicrustatus (Herbst, 1783), one among the most widespread and diverse groups of invertebrates. Results revealed that there were more males (52.94%) than females (47.06%) collected at the study sites with a sex ratio of 1:1.13. Thirty percent (30%) of the samples were ovigerous females. Ovigerous females have the largest caraface length, CL, (31.25 ± 1.43) compared with the males (22.14 ± 0.726) and non-ovigerous females (26.63 ± 1.12). Based on one-way ANOVA, the differences were significant. Difference between non-ovigerous and ovigerous females was also found significant based on t-test for independent samples. There was a non-conspicuous bi-modal size distribution for all the crabs, with non-normal distributions for all crabs and for males, but not when all females or ovigerous females only were grouped together. The size-frequency distributions of males and females are significantly different from each other similar with that observed between the size-frequency of ovigerous and non-ovigerous females. There were more ovigerous crabs belonging to the first year age class (CL = 16 - 33) (53.13 %) than those that belong to the older class (CL = 34 - 43) (46.88 %). Fecundity ranged from 4400 (CL = 16 mm) to 26400 (CL = 43 mm) eggs. Egg volume ranged from 0.40 ml to 2.40 ml, egg diameter from 1.1 µm to 5.0 µm with an average diameter of 3.170 µm and egg count from 4400 to 26400 with a mean of 12684 eggs. Egg number was positively correlated with female size.


TRACES OF AN UNKNOWN ANIMAL IN THE GIELNIOW SERIES (LOWER PLIENSBACHIAN) OF THE SWIĘTOKRZYSKIE MOUNTAINS LIAS Summary Lenticular recesses occur on the top surface of the fine-grained sometimes thinly bedded sandstone (tabl. I, fig. 2; tabl. II, fig, 4; tabl. III, fig. 6). Their longer axis is 7-12mm, the shorter axis being 4-8 mm. The maximum depth does not exceed 5 mm. In the individual recesses two funnel-shaped hollows can be noticed situated symmetrically on either side of the longer axis. In some specimens these hollows have the same depth, in others they fairly clearly differ in size. In some specimens traces of sand removed from the hollows can be observed but their margins are not turned-up into a colar-like shape as those known from Calycraterion samsonowiczi (W. Karaszewski 1971). No mud cracks commonly occurring with the Calycraterion samsonowiczi have been found on the sandstone surface. Thus it may be inferred that the form discussed originated under water surface (unlike the Calycraterion ), but probably at a small depth and close to the shore. The form discussed continues into the rock as indicated by the fact that convexities strictly corresponding to the recesses observed on the top sandstone surface occur on the bottom surface of thin sandstone beds (tabl. I, fig. 3; tabl. II, fig. 5; tabl.IV, fig. 7). This proves that, like the Calycraterion , the animal moved upwards as the deposits accumulated. Probably, like the Colycraterion end Monocraterion (A. H. Westergard, 1931), this is a new variety of marine worm. Similar recesses from the Crimea Upper Jurassic are shown on Tabl. 70, fig. 20 in the Gosgeoltechizdat Atlas (1962). The note says that they are possible traces of Amphiopoda activities, which in the light of my description does not seem very likely. The form distinguished is described under the name of Lenticraterion bohdanowiczi n.sp. Deriv. nom. - lens (Latin) = a lense, crater - a latinized for mof krater (Greek) = a jar used for mixing wine, a depression. By the second portion of the name I am honouring the memory of professor Karol Bohdanowicz (l864-1947), a great Polish geologist. Normal 0 21 false false false PL X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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Abstract: Fetal nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) entering maternal circulation during pregnancy constitute a potential source of material for safe and reliable noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. The increased prevalence of β‐thalassemia mutations in countries like Greece may create a problem, making it difficult to distinguish between NRBCs of fetal or maternal origin. Use of Ab against embryonic hemoglobin ε may increase specificity for fetal NRBC detection. In the present study, Ab against embryonic hemoglobin ε was used in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy in order to determine if specificity for fetal NRBC detection could be increased.


ABSTRACT Digital space continues to be a popular venue for meeting new people. However, little is known about who uses mobile context-aware social networking apps to initiate new relationships. This study investigates the roles of individual core traits and surface characteristics in the adoption of social discovery features on WeChat, a mobile social networking app in China. Analysis of survey data collected from 213 WeChat users finds the core traits of agreeableness and neuroticism to be negatively related to the use of these social discovery features. The surface characteristic of sensation seeking is positively related to the use of social discovery features, while the surface characteristic of loneliness is not. Based on the findings, directions for future research and implications for app developers and marketers are suggested.


the discipline also needs strategically to identify and prioritise various interventions and outpatient care models that match existing availability of personnel and are broadly scalable. What strategies might be considered to aff ord the highest standard of care to as many outpatients as possible within the constraints of the existing workforce? Important research questions emerge. Do all patients with cancer and other life-threatening illnesses benefi t from early palliative care? How early is early enough? What is a clinically signifi cant improvement? What is the cost-eff ectiveness of such an intense intervention? Who really needs specialist care and what models of care can eff ectively be integrated into outpatient practice by non-palliative care specialists? Improved understanding of the most benefi cial components of outpatient palliative care interventions is a fi rst step to creating new models. For instance, in Temel and colleagues' randomised trial of early palliative care in oncology, 7


Artificial Neural Networks or in short, Neural networks (ANNs or NNs) is a computational paradigm that comprises mathematical, statistical, biological sciences and
philosophy. These paradigms formulate a formula to form a brain like function, called artificial neuron. ANN is a powerful tool to enhance current medical diagnostic techniques. Several studies have proven that neural network out performed experience medical practitioners in various fields such as cardiology. Therefore, it is vital to explore
the potentials of neural network to enhance and facilitates current medical practice.This paper reviewed the applications of NN in various medical applications. A model for Web-based Medical Diagnosis and Prediction is also presented.


has from a traditional land-retirement focus to greater emphasis on adoption of working-land conservation practices. This research made use of USDA integrated field/farm surveys, the Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) and Agricultural Resources Management Survey (ARMS), to (1) enhance understanding of operator, field, farm, economic, and environmental characteristic differences between conservation program participants and non-participants across a farm typology, and (2) to enhance understanding of the relative importance of these factors on influencing farm stewardship intensity in corn and wheat production, i.e., how these factors influence differences in producer adoption of alternative levels of land and pest-management practices between conservation program participants and non-participants. The research used a cost-function acreage-based technology adoption model to examine farm stewardship differences. Results indicate that program non-participants invest more heavily in land conserving and pest-management practices than program participants. Relative prices, structural, and socio-environmental factors play significantly different roles across crops, and between conservation program participants and non-participants, in their influence on producer adoption decisions for land and pest-management intensity. The environmental effectiveness and cost efficiency of conservation programs will likely improve when their implementation more explicitly recognizes farm heterogeneity as well as differences in farmer motivations for stewardship investments. Recognizing these differences can help improve targeting of conservation incentive structures.


Information on the influence of different yield components on improvement of yield will be crucial in any selection programme. Four intra-hirsutum hybrids viz., TCH1452 x MCU5, TCH1628 x Gh493, TCH1628 x MCU5 and SVPR2 x MCU5 were developed by utilizing the five genetically diverse American cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes as parents. Observations were recorded on plant height, boll number, boll weight, ginning outturn, lint index, seed index, 2.5% span length, bundle strength, fibre fineness, elongation % and seed cotton yield in F2 population and correlation of yield and its components were analysed to understand the relative contribution of different yield components in enhancing the yield and fibre quality. Study revealed significant positive association of plant height, sympodia, boll number, boll weight with yield. Span length had highly significant negative association with yield whereas uniformity ratio exhibited both positively and negatively significant association with yield. Associations of fibre fineness, fibre strength and elongation % with seed cotton yield was non-significant. Association of traits inter se revealed the positive association of plant height with sympodia, uniformity ratio, 2.5% span length and number of bolls, sympodia with uniformity ratio and boll number, boll weight with uniformity ratio, seed index with ginning %, fibre length with bundle strength, uniformity ratio with micronaire and elongation %. Significant negative correlation of bolls with fibre strength and 2.5% span length, lint index with 2.5% span length and ginning %, fibre length with uniformity ratio and elongation %, micronaire with fibre strength was observed. Information generated on the relationship between yield components, fibre quality and yield in F2 generation will help the crop breeder in enhancing the efficiency of selection.


This study investigated the partial mediating effect of defensive silence between workplace ostracism and emotional exhaustion, explained through Social Identity Theory. It collected time-lagged data at two measurement points from 320 employees, working in service sector organizations of Pakistan. The study found that employees appraise workplace ostracism as a social identity threat that effects their relational and efficacy needs. They try to manage their sense of futility or control, through a pro-self response, defensive silence. From a social identity perspective, this focus on oneself rather than ones' group, detracts their ability to cope with emotional demands and leads to emotional exhaustion. Overall, our results demonstrate that emotional exhaustion is a function of workplace ostracism and defensive silence and offer several direct as well as indirect options. One path involves actions that discourage workplace ostracism through various human resource functions. Another step pertains to defensi...


Amphoteric acrylic polymer is one of the commonly used leather retanning agents, which possesses assistant-dyeing function in contrast to traditional anionic acrylic retanning agent. In order to further enhance the...


Abstract IN A previous report, Arscott and Parker (1967) showed that vitamin E restored fertility and sperm concentration in White Leghorn male chickens fed a diet high in linoleic acid but low in vitamin E. Since the above mentioned study as well as an earlier report (Arscott et al., 1965) demonstrated that fertility in the adult male chicken is a sensitive measure of vitamin E deficiency and since the nutrient and antioxidant properties of this vitamin for male fertility are not known, it was the purpose of this study to determine whether: 1) ethoxyquin as well as vitamin E could restore fertility and 2) levels of vitamin E and ethoxyquin, lower than those reported earlier, could maintain fertility in male chickens fed diets high in linoleic acid. EXPERIMENTAL Forty-two dubbed White Leghorn cockerels, hatched on April 14, 1967, were housed in individual wire cages, in a windowless forced-draft ventilated room on…


The properties of systems with intermolecular interactions based on the model central forces with three-body interaction was studied. It is shown that the Axilrod-Teller potential is of limited use to describe the properties of two-center molecules. Use step function to describe the three-particle interaction led to a fixed coordination number at low temperatures. It has been shown that this model of intermolecular interaction is able to describe the high-temperature dissociation of diatomic molecules.


SUMMARY We propose a simple test of constant conditional hazard ratio in the Clayton model (1978) by comparing the unweighted and weighted concordance estimators of the association parameter. If the Clayton model holds, the difference of these two estimates converges to zero. The proposed test is consistent against alternatives under which the two concordance estimators converge to different values. We derive an explicit formula for the asymptotic variance and derive the asymptotic distribution of the test statistic under the Clayton model. Then we extend the test statistic to incorporate censoring. The proposed test is expected to perform well for a general class of alternatives with monotone conditional hazard ratio. We examine the finite sample properties of the test statistic through simulations.


In western Maharashtra's agriculture, comparatively the farmers have a low literacy rate and there are poor extension services and inadequate physical infrastructures and hence farmers face difficulty in understanding new technologies. Therefore, they fail to fully exploit any given technology. In the light of the above facts, an increase in agricultural production can come from an increase in the production efficiency. Hence, it is essential to know how well the resources are being used and what possibilities exist for improving the efficiency of cash crops production. In this context, the present investigation has been undertaken to estimate the technical, allocative and economic efficiency and subsequently to investigate the determinants of technical, allocative and economic inefficiency of cotton in western Maharashtra. The extent of reduction in input cost for small cotton farms for the year 2006-07 has been found to be Rs. 4117.92. Similarly, total cost reduction of Rs. 4773.64 and Rs. 4482.71 for the years 2007-08 and 2008-09, respectively. In case of medium farmers for the year 2006-07 it was Rs. 1150.72 and it was Rs. 2891.78 and Rs. 1721.49 for the years 2007-08 and 2008-09, respectively. The large farms could minimize the cost upto Rs. 1837.55 Similarly, total cost reduction of Rs. 2888.36 and Rs. 1006.23 for the years 2007-08 and 2008-09, respectively by using a new cost efficient input mix. increasing land holding and farm size has substantial benefits for efficiency improvement as the allocative efficiency in production of crops is influenced by land holding i.e. cash availability. The policy implications from the study suggested that there is a need to reduce the gap in the use levels of manure and fertilizers and optimum use. Optimum utilization of all other resources by the farmers will have to be ensured for higher production by passing on the crop production technologies to them by using the effective extension measures like regional extension centers, district extension centers, Agri- clinic centers etc coupled with effective purchasing power through certain economic measures like credit supply, subsidy, etc.


The software package evaluation was designed to analyze commercially available, field-proven, production control or manufacturing resource planning management technology and software package. The analysis was conducted by comparing SRB production control software requirements and conceptual system design to software package capabilities. The methodology of evaluation and the findings at each stage of evaluation are described. Topics covered include: vendor listing; request for information (RFI) document; RFI response rate and quality; RFI evaluation process; and capabilities versus requirements.


Significance Computer-assisted studies of natural history that consider extinct plant function contribute to the understanding of how Paleozoic glacial cycles controlled the distribution of forest cover and continental surface erosion. Simulated plant water balance supports widespread vegetation during the late Paleozoic ice age (LPIA). However, physiological inference suggests that plant freezing limited the geographic distribution of vegetation. Assuming LPIA plants had limited freeze tolerance, we found that increased surface runoff could have contributed to late Paleozoic climate change. Modeling that combines deep time climate reconstructions and paleobotanical data improves understanding of past Earth systems, which can help project future change. The distribution of forest cover alters Earth surface mass and energy exchange and is controlled by physiology, which determines plant environmental limits. Ancient plant physiology, therefore, likely affected vegetation-climate feedbacks. We combine climate modeling and ecosystem-process modeling to simulate arboreal vegetation in the late Paleozoic ice age. Using GENESIS V3 global climate model simulations, varying pCO2, pO2, and ice extent for the Pennsylvanian, and fossil-derived leaf C:N, maximum stomatal conductance, and specific conductivity for several major Carboniferous plant groups, we simulated global ecosystem processes at a 2° resolution with Paleo-BGC. Based on leaf water constraints, Pangaea could have supported widespread arboreal plant growth and forest cover. However, these models do not account for the impacts of freezing on plants. According to our interpretation, freezing would have affected plants in 59% of unglaciated land during peak glacial periods and 73% during interglacials, when more high-latitude land was unglaciated. Comparing forest cover, minimum temperatures, and paleo-locations of Pennsylvanian-aged plant fossils from the Paleobiology Database supports restriction of forest extent due to freezing. Many genera were limited to unglaciated land where temperatures remained above −4 °C. Freeze-intolerance of Pennsylvanian arboreal vegetation had the potential to alter surface runoff, silicate weathering, CO2 levels, and climate forcing. As a bounding case, we assume total plant mortality at −4 °C and estimate that contracting forest cover increased net global surface runoff by up to 6.1%. Repeated freezing likely influenced freeze- and drought-tolerance evolution in lineages like the coniferophytes, which became increasingly dominant in the Permian and early Mesozoic.


ABSTRACT Whether because of economic conditions, war, genocide or other reasons, many people are relocating from their under-developed (or under-duress) countries of origin to urban and suburban areas in more peaceful and affluent countries. The close geographic juxtaposition of these newly emerging populations alongside established native populations can lead to significant disparities in the promotion and delivery of healthcare services. An example of this, Hispanic populations are growing rapidly in and around affluent communities across the United States of America. This article explores how under-representation, cultural dissonance, stereotyping, and stereotype threat may be interacting to influence both the content and the effects of health promotion strategies aimed at these newly emerging markets. It concludes with suggestions that may lead to better-targeted marketing strategies that are more equitable as well as more effective for reaching emerging markets in a range of national contexts.


In the paper, a simple equivalent circuit model is built between transmitting coil and receiving coil via coupled magnetic resonance, and the simulation of frequency and efficiency is also supply. Node equations for the resonance coils are built by using the equivalent circuit and the optimum distance is analytically derived for optimum coupling coefficient for high transmission efficiency. The equivalent model is established by using an electric design automation tool Protel99se. The model simulation result demonstrates that two resonance coils can transfer power over a few meters and that the frequency is important to achieve high efficiency, especially, adapted frequency can effectively improve the transmission efficiency when two resonance coils are in over coupling.


This paper addresses the modeling aspects of current controlled and voltage controlled Electromagnetic Levitation System (EMLS) under the influence of the electromagnetic coupling inductance. Linear and nonlinear models with corresponding operating conditions are derived using the Novel Approximation (NA) of electromagnetic coil inductance. Further, the submodels of voltage controlled EMLS are categorized as Quarter Model(QM), Half Model(HM), and Full Model (FM) based on the functionality of the NA based coil inductance. Considered linear and nonlinear models can be directly used for the EMLS and their applications. Comparative analysis of all the developed models is presented with respect to their state model, transfer function, location of Eigenvalues, time constant (i.e. electrical and mechanical) and applicability of all the submodels under different conditions of electromagnetic coupling or mutual inductance.


The technology of WDM is widely used in Optical Transport Networks. The rapid growth of data service demands a higher quality of the capacity of transmission equipments, network bandwidth and the ability of multi-service transmission. This paper introduces the application of 1.6Tbit/s WDM Multi-service Transmission Platform of Fiberhome Telecommunication Technologies Co., Ltd. (FT) in the backbone transmission network of China Unicom in Jiangsu Province, and analyzes the key technology of RAMAN/EDFA Fiber Amplification, GEthernet interface, Sub-data-rate Multiplexing, Data Wrapping and Forward Error Correction (FEC) and administration of networks. The present writers believe that IP over WDM (optical) will be more widely used in the future.


Objective
To investigate the correlation between ultrasound findings and clinical pathological types of adrenal cortical tumors (ACT).

Methods
The clinical data and ultrasonographic finding of 138 ACT patients undergoing surgical treatment in Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2006 to December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. The correlation between ultrasonic signs and pathological types of ACT was analyzed with Spearman method.

Results
There were 65 males and 73 females aged 18-71 years old. Among 138 cases, 90 patients were characterized by hypertension, Cushing signs, Coon signs and abnormal sexual character, with the clinical diagnosis of adrenal cortical hyperplasia or adenoma; while 48 asymptomatic patients were first detected by ultrasonography. The coincidence rate of ultrasound and clinical pathological diagnosis was 92.0%(127/138), and 11 cases were misdiagnosed. The coincidence rate of ultrasound and surgical diagnosis was 94.2%(130/138), and 8 cases were misdiagnosed. The coincidence rate for no functional adenoma was 95.8%(46/48), for cortisol cortical adenoma was 94.1 %(32/34), for aldosterone cortical adenoma was 93.6%(29/31), for cortical cysts was 9/10, for no functional adenocarcinoma was 5/6, for sexual abnormal cortical adenocarcinoma was 3/4, for cortisol cortical adenocarcinoma was 2/3, for mucous cortical adenoma was 1/2. The diameter of ACT was 0.6-11.5 cm. The low echo nodules of the adrenal region with a diameter 5.0 cm were associated with cortical adenocarcinoma (r= 0.595, P=0.01).

Conclusion
The ultrasound image of ACT is related to different clinical pathological types, which can provide important information for clinical diagnosis and selection of surgical modalities.

Key words:
Adrenal cortex neoplasms; Ultrasonography; Pathological, clinical


A synthesis of the results of the SciX project, in particular how the publication process analysis reflects in the technical and organizational invention.


This study examined the possibility of engineering the microstructure of InGaZnO films and enhancing the device performance of their thin film transistors by combining the thermal treatments of substrate heating and post‐annealing. Microstructure characterization using high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy‐filtered selected area electron diffraction helped us to unravel a systematic improvement in atomic order induced by substrate heating. Hall measurement analysis confirmed that the electrical properties (carrier concentration and electron mobility) varied very sensitively with the thermal treatments. The combined thermal treatments were found to effectively enhance the overall device performance of the transistors, and the sample deposited at 200 °C and post‐annealed at 400 °C showed the best transistor characteristics with a saturation mobility (μsat) of nearly 26 cm2/V s. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In the present century, environmental degradation has emerged as a major global concern for human survival. The situation is getting alarming day by day. It is for this reason that environmental issues are intensely debated. The law relating to the environment is rapidly growing as a complex regulatory mechanism which increasingly reflects public concern over vital issues such as clean water and air, conservation of forests and wildlife, increasing noise and depletion of other natural resources. A recent spate of legislations and policy formulations on environmental issues in India reveal sincere efforts of


Purpose Wasting and underweight are the 2 main indicators of children's undernutrition. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of undernutrition at the national level in Iran. Methods We performed a search for original articles published in international and Iranian databases including MEDLINE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, CINHAL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Scientific Information Database, Irandoc, Iranmedex, and Magiran during January 1989–August 2017. Seven keywords, in English and Persian, including malnutrition, protein energy malnutrition, growth disorders, underweight wasting, weight loss, children below 5 years old, and children, were used to search the databases. Results Finally, 17 articles were included in the meta-analysis, based on which the prevalence of underweight and wasting in Iranian children were estimated to be 11% and 5%, respectively. The prevalence rates of underweight among children in the central, western, southern, and northern parts of Iran and at the national level were 24%, 5%, 20%, 17%, and 6%, respectively. The prevalence rates of wasting in the central, western, southern, and northern parts of Iran and at the national level were 9%, 4%, 11%, 5%, and 4%, respectively. Conclusion Although the prevalence of underweight and wasting in Iran was low, some parts of the country showed high prevalence. The main reason behind this difference in the prevalence of malnutrition may be due to the level of development in different regions.


SUMMARY This study describes the main components and practical deployment of a simulation-based model, using specific-purpose software, for the design and manage ment of supply chain systems of heavy industries, such as that of automobile. A large-scale, intermodal logistics network is deployed to effectively distribute cars into many countries around Europe. The transport system includes a set of alternative transit routes and it encompasses a combination of modes, such as truck, rail wagon and ship. The overall procedure aims at finding out the most promising combinations of transport routes and modes, in terms of the total (storage and transport) cost, subject to a given set of (physical, capacity, delivery time and financial budget) constraints. The resulting network configuration produces a required level of revenues and profit, based on the car sales, within the given set of constraints.