In this paper we study the strengths and limitations of collaborative teams of simple agents. In particular, we discuss the efficient use of "ant robots" for covering a connected region on the $Z^{2}$ grid, whose area is unknown in advance and which expands stochastically. Specifically, we discuss the problem where an initial connected region of $S_0$ boundary tiles expand outward with probability $p$ at every time step. On this grid region a group of $k$ limited and simple agents operate, in order to clean the unmapped and dynamically expanding region. A preliminary version of this problem was discussed in [1],[2] involving a deterministic expansion of a region in the grid.In this work we extend the model and examine cases where the spread of the region is done stochastically, where each tile has some probability $p$ to expand, at every time step. For this extended model we obtain an analytic probabilistic lower bounds for the minimal number of agents and minimal time required to enable a collaborative coverage of the expanding region, regardless of the algorithm used and the robots' hardware and software specifications. In addition, we present an impossibility result, for a variety of regions that would be impossible to completely clean, regardless of the algorithm used. Finally, we validate the analytic bounds using extensive empirical computer simulation results.


Fuel elements of uranium alloyed with l% molybdenum were irradiated in the EL-3 reactor of Saclay, Examinations (sampled with time) have shown that a burn-up rate of 10,000 Mwd/t was obtained without noticeable deformation. (tr- auth)


Background: To present the role of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in the diagnosis and management of catheter‐related superior vena cava thrombosis.


Our previous study has for the first time demonstrated that atopic dermatitis (AD) patients show enhanced plasma concentrations of PF4 and beta-TG. In addition, it has been suggested that chemokines may be the markers of AD severity. The aim of this study was to determine whether enhanced platelet activation in active AD withdraws when the disease reaches the clinical remission stage. Plasma PF-4 and beta-TG concentrations were studied in 10 AD patients and in 23 healthy controls. Patients were examined twice: first, during the active period, and next, during the clinical remission lasting for at least 6 months. Plasma PF-4 and beta-TG concentrations in patients upon AD remission were significantly lower as compared to active AD and did not differ significantly from the healthy subjects. Enhanced platelet activation is a transient phenomenon accompanying active AD and disappears during clinical remission. As with earlier data, the findings point to platelet activity in AD increasing during flare, falling following therapy and normalizing upon remission.


Emulsions with improved adhesion fragrance containing a) water; b) liquid component (at 25 ° C s) having a vapor pressure of> 20.0 Pa at 25 ° C, c) liquid component (at 25 ° C s), having a vapor pressure of ≤ 20,0 Pa at 25 ° C d) perfume, and e) optionally further ingredients that are not attributable to the categories a) to d), wherein the weight ratio of the components [a) + b)] to c) 1.3: 1 to 2.5: 1.


Two new loaches of Yunnanilus are described from Yunnan Province,China.1 Yunnanilus spanitripes sp.nov.(Fig.1)Holotype,No.9206064,64 mm SL,collected from Niulanjiang River(25°59'N,103°36'E)of Zhanyi County,Yunnan,China in 1992.Paratypes:22 specimens,Nos.920703001(60 mm SL),920703002(60.5 mm SL),9207003(67 mm SL),920703004(64 mm SL),920703005(65 mm SL),9207006(53 mm SL),920703007(53.5 mm SL),9309023(52.5 mm SL),9309024(56.5 mm SL),9309025,(41 mm SL),9407009(70 mm SL),9407010(63 mm SL),199504007(75 mm SL),200306010(53.5 mm SL),200306011(53.8 mm SL),200306012(57 mm SL),200306013(58.5 mm SL),200306014(53 mm SL),200306015(45 mm SL),200306016(54 mm SL),200306017(36 mm SL)and 200306040(52.5 mm SL),which all were collected from the Niulanjiang River,Zhanyi,Yunnan,China.Type specimens are kept in the Heilongtan Reservoir Administration,Shilin County,Yunnan except 9309023-25,200306010-14,200306016-17 and 200306040 kept in Fisheries Administration of Qujin,Yunnan,and 9407009-010 in the Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences.D.iii,8;A.ii,5;P.i,11-12;V.i,7;C.15-16.Depth of body in length of body 4.37-5.73,length of head 3.84-4.55,length of caudal peduncle 6.53-7.90,depth of caudal peduncle 9.75-11.89 Snout length in head 2.17-2.67,diameter of eye 4.50-5.52,interorbital space 2.86-3.63.Depth of caudal peduncle in its length 1.23-1.70.The new species is also similar to Y.sichuanensis Ding(1995)but differs from the latter in:1)15-19 of lateral line pores vs.10-12;2)depth of caudle peduncie in body length9.75-11.89 vs.7.54-8.72;3)depth of caudal peduncle in its length 1.23-1.70 vs.0.9-1.09;4)the new species is having 10-12 square black spots on each side of body vs.three rows(Table 2).This new species is similar to Yunnanilus chui Yang(1991),but differs from the latter in following characters:1)difference between stripes in ♀♂ vs.similar stripe in ♀♂;2)15-19 of lateral line pores vs.2-4(Table 3).The new species is also similar to Y.pulcherrimus Yang,Chen et Lan(2004),but differs from the latter in:1)difference between stripes in ♀♂ vs.similar stripes in ♀♂;2)20-22 vertical bars on each side of body vs.12-17(Table 4).2 Yunnanilus ganheensis sp.nov.(Fig.11)Holotype,No.920217004,44 mm SL,collected from Ganhe(25°30'N,103°40'E),Xundan County,Yunnan,China in 17 Sep.1992.Paratypes,No.920217003(44 mm SL)collected from the same locality as the holotype,kept in the Heilongtan Reservoir Administration,Shilin County,Yunnan,China.D.iii,8;A.ii,5;P.i 9-11;V.i 7;C.16.Depth of body in length of body 4.89-5.05,length of head 3.67-3.91,length of caudal peduncle 6.14-6.76,depth of caudal peduncle 8.60-8.80.Snout in head 2.44-2.66,diameter of eye 4.23-5.45,interorbital space 2.89-3.42.Depth of caudal peduncle in its length 1.30-1.40.The new species is similar to Yunnanilus macroistainus Li(1999),but differs from the latter in following characters:1)having 10-12 square black spots on each side of body vs.two rows of 8-10 circular black spots on upper side of body;2)dorsal fin iii-8 vs iii-7;3)length of head in body length 3.7-3.9 vs 4.0-4.3;4)length of caudle peduncle in body length 6.14-6.76 vs 7.0-7.4;5)Yangtze River to the Pearl River System.


Indwelling internal ureteral stents are helpful in minimizing the morbidity of ESWL for large renal stones. Soft silicone stents are well tolerated. A pull-out suture allows convenient removal of the stent without cystoscopy.


Demineralization of allograft bone increases the bioavailability of matrix-associated bone morpho-genetic proteins (BMPs), rendering these grafts osteoin-ductive. While osteoinductivity is related to BMP content, little is known about how the demineralization protocol, in particular, extended demineralization times, affects graft BMP levels. We characterized the BMP-7 content of \710 lm bovine bone powder demineral-ized under various conditions. Using 1 g of bone per 50 ml of 0.125 N, 0.25 N, or 0.5 N HCl, demineral-ization was performed at room temperature for 5 min to 24 h. Minimum residual calcium levels were obtained within 90 min and were \1 wt % using the 0.25 N and 0.5 N baths and 17 wt % using the 0.125 N bath. Measured peak BMP-7 levels were also obtained within 90 min and were 161–165 ng g-1 using the 0.25 N and 0.5 N baths and 55.2 ng g-1 using the 0.125 N bath. This compares to 5.1 ng g-1 for unde-mineralized bone. Further acid bath exposure to 24 h resulted in BMP-7 decline to about 50% of the peak value, which was significant. The BMP-7 half-life was estimated to be 26 h. It is likely that the decline was due to diffusion of BMP-7 from the bone matrix into the acid. These results suggest the importance of not over demineralizing bone grafts and should stimulate further research that can be incorporated into the processing methodology followed by tissue banks.


It is shown that the James space J admits an equivalent norm such that its third conjugate space is rotund. A Banach space B is said to be rotund if lIx + y I 4, is neither rotund nor smooth. On the positive side, from the work of Zizler [11], we have that if B* is separable, then B admits an equivalent norm such that B and B* are both rotund and smooth, and B** is rotund. In [9], we established the existence.of a smooth, nonreflexive second conjugate space. In this paper, we complete the picture of rotundity and smoothness in conjugate spaces by showing the existence of a rotund, nonreflexive third conjugate space. Combining the proof of our result with a result of Zizler [11, p. 200], we have the best possible result that there exists a nonreflexive Banach space B such that Received by the editors June 17, 1976 and, in revised form, August 23, 1976. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 46B10, 46B99. IResearch supported in part by a Lake Forest College Summer Research Grant. ? American Mathematical Society 1977


The popularity of patenting software has never been greater, however, recent federal court rulings (e.g., In re Bilski), strategy research, and the patent commons movement present organizations with a rather complex decision with regard to patenting their own software-based business methods. Of particular focus is the business method patent, which has been a popular yet somewhat controversial class of patents in recent years. The authors first provide an overview of business method patents, and then discuss some of the challenges facing organizational decision makers with regard to the strategic pursuit of the patent for software based business methods.


For high-reliability microelectronics with uses in aerospace, defense, automotive, and medical applications, in-line visual inspection during the die sort process allows for a higher quality and more robust process for generating known-good-die. The visual inspection serves three primary functions: verifying unique device characteristics (such as bumps, MEMS structures, waveguides, etc.), verifying the device is free from singulation defects, and verifying the die sort process induces no device damage. Performing a visual inspection of the die top surface and one edge during the pick and place process allowed qualification of a non-surface contact edge grip approach for sensitive surface MEMS and optoelectronic parts. Die 100 microns thick or less were also inspected to ensure no cracking during the die pick process. For continual process reliability improvement and optimization, the inspection results must be captured and logged along with incoming product details including the wafer ID, electrical test results, and chip ID. This logged information is then traceable to the die position in the output medium. As new device manufacturing technology is implemented, this screening for process-induced defects is required for a robust manufacturing process.


In the title compound, catena-poly[dipotassium [[(oxalato-O,O')dioxomolybdate]-mu-oxo]monohydrate], oxalate acts as a bidentate ligand coordinating to each Mo atom through the two deprotonated carboxylate groups. The coordination polyhedron of molybdenum is distorted octahedral and there are infinite chains in the structure. Principal dimensions are: Mo-O(terminal) 1.560 (3) and 1.739 (3) Angstrom, Mo-O(bridging) 2.046 (4) and 2.410 (4) Angstrom, and Mo-O(carboxylate) 1.949 (3) and 2.113 (3) Angstrom.


valuable, and yet priorities are often complicated. One aspect of this we touched upon when considering the possible solution of complicated situations by apportionment among all existing users, cutting a way by making priorities of minor importance.2 But present sentiment, instead, favors holding to the doctrine of priorities, and, to straighten complicated situations, looks forward to a general effort to ascertain officially and put into a list, once for all, the priorities between appropriators throughout the state. So long as priority remains the governing principle, if priorities can thus be authoritatively and permanently listed it should, of course, be done. It will be of great benefit to priority-owners, who at present seldom have anything in documentary form to show for their rights, and it will benefit the rest of the public by washing the slate clean of unfounded and speculative priorities, thereby furnishing authoritative information for new appropriators. 2. The simplest expedient to get an authoritative list would be to require owners to voluntarily register their titles under pain of forfeiture. Beside the invitation, in that, to register excessive claims, it is not practical for other reasons. Statutes were passed at an early period declaring land transfers voidI if not recorded, and today we have recording acts for deeds and the like, which usually declare all unrecorded transfers void. These statutes were (according to a ruling of the pioneer Supreme Court of Califor-


Purpose: the study of dental morbidity of Rostov state medical University staff according to the appealability. Materials and methods: the study of dental morbidity was carried out according to the appealability of Rostov state medical University staff to the dental Department of the clinic during 2014. Results: the most frequent cause of carious pathology was uncomplicated caries - 81, 9%, the incidence of complicated dental caries was 18.1% (pulpitis of 10.2%, periodontitis 7.9 %). Summary: the prevalence of carious destruction among the Rostov state medical university staff was 100 %. The incidence of tooth decay depends on age and sex.


The increased speed and change in business world increased the need to develop software faster and cheaper as well as higher quality and more adaptable to constant change. New software development methods were developed and named as being agile. Despite the variety of literature about agile software development, we could not find any that would discuss possible bottlenecks of agile software development. However, according to Goldratt [10] every process has a bottleneck – a weakest link in the chain that limits throughput. Identifying and eliminating bottlenecks, it will increase throughput what leads to more profit. Reusability is one of the bottlenecks of Agile Software Development process. Reusability finds limited scope in Agile Software Development and therefore adding reusability to Agile Software Development is a challenge. Essence of Agile Software Development is rapid software development and less cost. Thus, somewhere it compromises with quality and also unable to provide reusability of its developed components. Agile Software Development provides specific solutions whereas Reuse and Component based Development believe in generalized solutions.


Paper Presented at a One Day Symposium on Youth and Political Violence Organized by the Department of Youth and Students Matters
in Collaboration with Youth Mobilization for Good Leadership in Nigeria (YMGLN). Held at Youth Development Centre Sultan Ibrahim
Dasuki Road, Sokoto on Monday 16th October, 2006.


Patients with high serum prolactin are usually screened for macroprolactinemia, which is a benign condition but may lead to a potential misdiagnosis of hyperprolactinemia. Macroprolactin (MCPRL), defined as a complex of monomeric prolactin and IgG antibodies (>150 kDa), interferes with most immunoassays to different degrees. Predominant presence of macroprolactin is commonly assessed by polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation. PEG addition unspecifically precipitates molecules with a molecular weight >100 kDa, leaving monomeric prolactin free in the supernatant to bemeasured [1]. To our knowledge there are no guidelines about recommendations regarding whether the PEG-precipitation test should be repeated in different samples of the same patient.We aimed to assess the degree of intra-individual concordance in the PEG-precipitation results, in order to acquire useful knowledge to establish hyperprolactinemia retest laboratory algorithms. We performed a retrospective study with data extracted from the laboratory database from June 2016 to January 2020, in a hospital attending requests from primary and secondary care. Patients with prolactin concentration above the upper reference value (men: 19.4 μg/L; women: 26.5 μg/L) and <150 μg/L were included in the study according to recommendations of Clinical Guidelines [2]. In our laboratory post-PEG PRL reference interval for monomeric prolactin (men: 2.7–14.9 μg/L; women: 4.0–20.4 μg/ L) was calculated according to Beltran et al. [3]. All statistical analyses were performed using the IBM SPSS software package, version 24 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Total and post-PEG prolactin were determined by immunoassay (Abbott Architect, Chicago, IL, USA) calibrated against the WHO Third International Standard for prolactin (84/500). Total coefficient variation was 4.7 and 3.5% at mean prolactin concentrations of 7 and 35.8 μg/L, respectively; sensitivity was 0.6 μg/L. Interassay precision of the PEG precipitation method assessed by a pool of serums with a mean total prolactin concentration of 36 μg/L and a mean post PEG recovery of 73.1% was 4.4%. For the PEG-precipitation test, an equal volume of serumand 25%PEG solution (25 g of PEG 6000 in 100mL of NaCl 0.9%) was mixed for 40 s with a vortex and centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 30 min at 4 °C. Prolactin concentration was measured in the supernatant and corrected for the dilution factor (1:2). Recovery percentage was calculated using initial prolactin (PRL) and post-PEG PRL concentration (% Recovery = (post-PEG PRL/PRL) × 100). According to our internal algorithms,we considered a postPEG recovery <50% as positive for macroprolactinemia. In the last four years, a total of 5126 PEG-precipitation tests, corresponding to 3,931 individual patients, have been performed in our laboratory; 495 of 3,931 (12.6%) patients tested positive for MCPRL. Among those, 63 *Corresponding author: Maria-Luisa Granada, MD, PhD, Clinical Biochemistry Department, Hospital "Germans Trias i Pujol", Autonomous University of Barcelona, Crta. Canyet s/n, 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain, Phone: 34.934978869, Fax: 34.934978869, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6816-7566 Laura Jimenez-Anon, Jaume Barallat, Diana Regidor and Maria Dolade: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Crta. Canyet s/n., Badalona, Barcelona, Spain Eulalia Urgell: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, C/Sant Quintí, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 59(1): e27–e29


ABSTRACT This article analyzes portrayals of English in Japan during World War II in Massan, a Japanese television show that features the life of a mixed-race bilingual couple, Masaharu (the Japanese husband) and Ellie (the Scottish wife), and their adopted Japanese daughter (Ema) living in Japan. I argue that the show constructs a hierarchy of languages where English is valorized as a sign of an anti-war position, speaking one's mind and material wealth, all framed as progressive, in contrast to Japanese language. As the use of language is connected to race relations in the drama, this hierarchisation of English and Japanese languages is consistent with the historical and current valorization of English and whiteness in Japan. However, this hierarchy contradicts the show's explicit message of inclusiveness of all races. This article analyses a set of performative messages conveyed by this highly popular drama in the current Japanese political and racial context to show the ways uses of language convey unarticulated and sometimes contradictory messages.


As two of the world's largest energy consumers, the United States and China regularly consult on energy matters and, at times, exchange information on innovations and best practices within the field. These habits extend back to the early 1970s when the two countries initiated diplomatic exchanges following President Richard Nixon's historic visit to China in February 1972. Since that time, energy has been viewed as a relatively 'safe' and non-controversial topic that has enhanced bilateral relations and mutual confidence. Simultaneously, however, China and Chinese state-sponsored energy firms have aggressively moved into energy markets around the world in search of energy resources which are designed to satisfy China's growing energy demands. US officials have, on certain occasions, reacted with some degree of unease or alarm regarding these activities and are fearful that such commercial relationships might enhance Chinese political influence or geopolitical standing in certain regions, such as the Middle East, where the US has traditionally enjoyed hegemonic pre-eminence. Regarding future prospects of Sino-American energy cooperation, there are both positive and negative factors. On the whole, however, this article argues that despite some compelling negative indicators – such as a growing military competition dynamic emerging between the two countries – energy cooperation will likely continue into the future.


This paper describes the first ever 2-μm diode-pumped Ho:Tm:YLF power oscillator generating wind quality, Q- switched output of 100 mJ at 6 Hz for coherent wind measurements from a space platform.


We investigated the use of eDNA metabarcoding for supplementing traditional diver-based monitoring of biodiversity of marine boulder reefs within the photic zone. The applied sampling design made it possible to evaluate the usefulness of eDNA monitoring as a supplement for traditional monitoring. Specifically, this study aimed to (1) assess the local influence of boulder reefs on biodiversity across the North Sea to Baltic Sea transition zone and (2) investigate the importance of environmental gradients for patterns in community structure. On samples collected during August 2020, we compared the composition and abundance of species associated with nine reefs, representing an environmental gradient of salinity (16–33 psu), water temperature (16–21°C) and water depth (6–29 m). At each reef site, water was sampled near the bottom just above the reef and on average 2.6 km upstream and downstream (location) and sequenced with metabarcoding using COI, 18S and 12S rDNA primers. eDNA identified 400 species, diver-based observations identified 184 with an overlap of 70 species (12%) and 81 genera (18%). While eDNA identified many infaunal species, it did not detect several macroalgal species which dominated in the diver-based observations. Multivariate analysis of eDNA and diver-based community structure both distinguished between reef communities, with a significant match between patterns observed by the two methods (r = 0.37, p = 0.02). Furthermore, the eDNA approach made it possible to identify significant differences in species composition between upstream, above-reef and downstream locations, suggesting that eDNA leaves a local footprint in benthic habitats. Patterns in both eDNA and diver-based species composition and richness were significantly related to geographical distance, salinity, water temperature and water depth. Despite of low detection of macroalgae, the eDNA sampling provided a substantial supplement to traditional diver-based monitoring of biodiversity around benthic hotspots in the Danish marine waters and therefore we recommend to add eDNA methods to conventional monitoring programs in the future.


Easy Mac OS X Snow Leopard is the perfect companion for everyone who's bought a new Macintosh with OS X Snow Leopard pre-installed... every Mac user who's upgrading to Snow Leopard... and the many new Mac users who've just switched from Windows. This full-color, utterly simple, step-by-step book has been carefully crafted to provide instant access to the tasks beginner-to-intermediate users need to master. Like all books in the Easy series, it's designed to teach visually: readers never have to work their way through lengthy text explanations. Here's just some of what readers will learn how to do... " Get on the Internet and make the most of the Mac's great web and communication tools " Install and use applications, printers, and scanners " Use OS X's powerful iLife media tools " Customize their Macs " Create home networks and share their Macs with multiple users " Organize their files, folders, disks - and their lives " Keep their Macs running reliably


Research exploiting biochar-phosphorus interactions on biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and nutrient uptake in legumes is very scarce. This paper reports the short-term effect of rice husk biochar and phosphorus application on nutrient uptake, nodulation and nitrogen fixation of cowpea in both pot and field experiments in the semi-deciduous forest zone of Ghana. Phosphorus fertilizer (triple superphosphate (TSP)) was applied at 0, 30 and 60 kg hadesignated respectively as P0, P30 and P60 while biochar was applied at 0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 t ha designated respectively as B0, B2.5, B5 and B7.5. Interaction between biochar and phosphorus increased nodule dry weight, number of nodules per plant and fixed nitrogen more than the sole applications. The highest number of nodules plant and nodule dry weight were observed under P30B5. The highest N fixed (36.15 kg ha) was observed under P60B5 emphasizing the role of phosphorus in BNF. Increasing biochar beyond 5.0 tha decreased BNF. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake were significantly (p≤ 0.05) improved following biochar and TSP applications under both greenhouse and field conditions. The highest N uptake of 30.79 kg hawas observed under P30B5 amended plots while P60B7.5 plots produced the highest P and K uptake. Overall, the results indicate good prospect of exploiting biochar-phosphorus interactions to enhance BNF and productivity of legumes in tropical climate.


E-Learning [EL] systems are developed by professionals but used by those belonging to one or another field and not the computer as subject. Given this, EL has to be developed within a scenario of technical, human and social aspects of the environment wherein the new system is about to operate. Which technologies are available and how they are perceived determines the development and use processes however, this relationship is mediated by users' digital literacy issues and beliefs about the nature and role of ICTs in education? This is therefore incumbent upon developers and HEI-management to start with a broader picture of EL projects and make technical, human, social and organizational arrangements to develop and integrate the new system within the existing work environment making it supportive to prospected users. This paper develops theoretical model of theory of EL development and use in higher education in the background of developing states.


I know you everyone knows this, but just in case you don't here's a pro-tip.
When using a contrast ratio plugin with Sketch (or other design


Public transportation systems in many cities are using manual dispatching management, which wastes labor and finance with low efficiency. The article introduces the core technologies of developing public transportation system, namely, realizing the program control function of public transportation dispatcher through the control of MSComm of VB6


Parameter estimation through the use of minimum density-based divergence has been investigated by many researchers. In this paper, we intend to propose a probability generating function based minimum power divergence for parameter estimation. Preliminary investigation on the proposed divergence is done using the negative binomial distribution. A brief comparison with maximum likelihood estimation and a probability generating function based estimation ensued. The proposed method shows promising results with better performance in smaller sample sizes.


The objective of this study is to correlate the genetic diversity among tea cultivars with drought tolerance/susceptibility on the basis of morphological, physiological and molecular markers. Twelve highly polymorphic inter simple sequence repeat primers targeting the tea dinucleotide repeats predominantly present in drought stressed transcripts were used to screen out the germplasms into two groups showing drought tolerance and susceptible characteristic with polymorphic information content of 0.3. A similarity index of 0.58 was observed among the cultivars. Morpho-physiological diversity among the cultivars was studied using eighteen morphological and two physiological markers. Correlation studies showed significant association between the ranks of the morpho-physiological distances and molecular genetic distances at P=0.05%. The dinucleotide repeats targeted along with morpho-physiological correlation can be used in tea breeding for drought tolerance as the markers are in sync with the long term field trials based on which the plants were classified for drought trait.


This book synthesizes the core jurisprudence of the First Amendment's protection of freedom of speech from both an historical and a doctrinal perspective. The treatment is concise and straightforward. The book was written to be helpful to students and lawyers and to be accessible to a general readership, while remaining of interest to teachers and scholars of the First Amendment. The book opens with a brief history of freedom of speech in the United States, beginning with the English origins of the concept and concluding on the eve of World War I. Coverage includes the English licensing system and the limited understanding of free expression at English common law, the American colonial experience (with special emphasis on the trial of John Peter Zenger), the adoption of the First Amendment, the Sedition Act of 1798, the free speech controversies spawned by abolitionists during the antebellum period, Lincoln's approach to free speech during the Civil War, the Comstock Era, and finally, the "free speech fights" instigated by radical labor union organizers at the beginning of the Twentieth Century. The author depicts the years from the early national period until World War I as the "Dark Age" of free speech jurisprudence in the United States. The book then analyzes the leading theoretical justifications for affording special constitutional protection to freedom of speech. These justifications include arguments that freedom of speech is special because it is a necessary condition of self-government, because it facilitates a societal search for truth, and because it is an essential attribute of individual autonomy. These "positive" accounts are supplemented by a "negative" justification for protecting freedom of speech. In this view, official censorship is an especially dangerous evil that is to be prevented because of the societal dangers that it poses. An unusual feature of the book's analysis of the theoretical justifications for special free speech protection is the author's connection of these traditional accounts with the theory and practice of classical Athenian democracy. After this theoretical interlude, the book returns to history, tracing the evolution of subversive advocacy doctrine, which, the author argues, provides the central narrative of freedom of speech in the United States. The discussion begins with the Espionage Act prosecutions of World War I, continues through the "Red Scares" following the two world wars of the last century, and concludes with a critique of contemporary subversive advocacy doctrine. In a brief, transitional discussion, the book then constructs what the author describes as the "architecture of free speech analysis" by interweaving the categorization principle and the content distinction principle, doctrines that the author presents as the "central mediating principles of free speech jurisprudence." Having traced the historical development of and the theoretical underpinnings of free speech protection in the United States, as well as the basic framework of free speech analysis, the book turns to the development of the core doctrines of the First Amendment. It begins by analyzing what the author calls the "codified First Amendment," describing the Supreme Court's variation of free speech protection according to the type of speech involved. This discussion includes analyses of the various kinds of provocative speech (including hostile audiences, fighting words, and hate speech), sexual expression (including obscenity, non-obscene sexual expression, and child pornography), commercial advertising, and symbolic conduct. The book concludes with a discussion of the "procedural First Amendment," that is, the Supreme Court's variation of free speech protection according to the type of speech restriction involved. This discussion includes analyses of the doctrines of the public forum, prior restraint, overbreadth, and vagueness. Keith Werhan's Freedom of Speech is No. 12 in the series of Reference Guides to the United States Constitution, edited by Jack Stark. It includes a Forward by Judge Jacques L. Wiener, Jr., of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. Keith Werhan is the Geoffrey C. Bible & Murray H. Bring Professor of Constitutional Law at Tulane Law School.


© 2021, IJSREM | www.ijsrem.com Page 1  Cloud Computing In Healthcare Sector A1: POOJA M J M.C.A Student, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering A2: Dr. Vibha M B Assistant Professor, Department of MCA, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering *** Abstract: Cloud computing is a modern and rapid budding sector of evolution in healthcare. Information Technology (IT) has improved the healthcare sector through the latest evolution. Cloud computing in healthcare is growing and elegant as a critical approach by many of the contributors. It has the certain capability to provide boundless potential and ability of action in the e-healthcare section. This brings computers to be utilized effectively and entirely by the allocation of resources in healthcare.


In an increasingly globalised world, agricultural trade and food security inevitably
goes hand in hand. On paper, the idea of free agricultural trade continues to be a contentious
one as opinions remain divided whether it can lead to greater access and variability of food to
a larger number of people or whether it ends up exacerbating hunger and environmental
degradation in the developing world by reinforcing pre-existing inequities in the global trading
system. In practice, countries tend to intervene in food trade to protect domestic producers
from volatilities in international markets, as most obviously seen in 2007-2008. Empirical
evidence is mixed regarding the impact distortionary agricultural trade policies have on food
security, particularly for developing countries. This study examines the issue using long panel
data from 24 developing countries from 1990-2010. The Generalised Propensity Score (GPS)
method, a non-parametric matching technique with continuous treatment, is used to assess the
effect of Nominal Rates of Assistance (NRA) on the four dimensions of food security; food
access, food availability, food utilization and food stability. While it is found that the
relationships can be statistically proven, the numbers point to a positive link between
distortionary trade policies and food security levels for the majority of these countries.
Nonetheless, prolonged and widespread price insulations will ultimately push up global prices,
offsetting their domestic food security benefits and distract or slow down the much-needed
structural improvements in the country's agricultural sector.


Partial knowledge is one of the main factors to take into account when dealing with the improvement of administration of Multiple Choice Questions. Various strategies have been proposed for this factor in traditional testing environment. However, few researches were designed to investigate the impact of partial knowledge on computerized-adaptive testing (CAT). This study proposed a CAT which fits confidence-weighting scheme into graded response model (GRM). The results show the polytomous method is able to assess partial knowledge of examinees with fewer items and higher predictive validity. Besides, the estimated ability is not as likely to be affected by guessing and therefore more consisted with examinee's true ability.


FIELD: physics. SUBSTANCE: method of asynchronous choral performance includes marking a portion which is not marked and has mixing in an audio file as a sung choir part after the audio file, downloaded from the terminal, is received, whereas the terminal requests that the first accompanying music file shall be used in choral performance, and determining the marked audio file as the second file of accompanying music. The audio file is generated by encoding the collected audio information with the first accompanying music file, downloaded by the terminal, that requests that the first accompanying music file shall be used in choral performance. Paragraph marking for choral performance is done in the initial accompanying music file and the marked initial accompanying music file is transferred to the terminal, which requests that the initial accompanying music file shall be used in choral performance. The marked initial accompanying music file contains at least one paragraph. EFFECT: eliminating the effects of poor choir sound, a complex processing process. 18 cl, 9 dwg


The purpose of this paper is to develop a methodology that utilizes reliability-based optimization to solve complex electrical grid usage problems. With electrical power grids, as with many complex systems, complicated decisions must be made at both the local (user) and global (electricity provider) levels; all decision makers have independent, often conflicting, objectives, further complicating the decisions. In order to incorporate both levels of decision making (and resulting interaction effects between the decision makers), a reliability-based optimization approach can be utilized which incorporates local decision makers' preferences by enforcing probabilistic constraints on the overall optimization problem (e.g., sectors A and B need a particular amount of power and each sector has a different criticality level). This ensures that the optimized decisions made at the global level satisfy the basic requirements of the local decision makers (e.g., to deliver power to critical sectors). The uncertainty in this approach is incorporated through an efficient first order reliability method (FORM), an analytical approximation to failure probability calculation, rather than traditional, computationally expensive simulation-based methods (such as Monte Carlo sampling). Usefulness of this methodology is shown through several example problems.


Holy martyrs by the name of Phokas, a gardener and a bishop, both from
 Sinope, were not frequently portrayed in the Eastern Christian world. They
 were sometimes depicted with objects relating them to seafaring, and the holy
 bishop in particular was shown holding a paddle. The source of such images
 can be traced to the writings devoted to the martyrs. The issue of why the
 holy bishop was depicted mainly in the Byzantine empire and the Russian
 principality is also discussed. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike
 Srbije, br. 177036: Srpska srednjovekovna umetnost i njen evropski kontekst]


Hydrogen-bonding and protonation are fundamental factors controlling potentials and mechanisms in the reduction of quinones. These are studied systematically in benzonitrile, acetonitrile, and dimethylsulfoxide solutions by cyclic voltammetry of a series of quinones of increasing basicity (chloranil to duroquinone), in the presence of hydroxylic additives of increasing hydrogen-bonding power (tert-butyl alcohol to hexafluoro-2-propanol) or acidity (trifluoroacetic acid). Electrochemical effects are demonstrated over the complete interaction range, from hydrogen bonding of reduced dianions to protonation of unreduced quinones. With increasing concentrations of additives, three clearly different types of electrochemical behavior are observed for weakly (I), moderately (II), and strongly (III) interacting quinone-additive pairs, as follows:  (I) Two well-separated reduction waves, corresponding to formation of quinone mono- and dianions, shift positively, with no loss of reversibility. The second wave is sma...


IN 1810 ANNA LAETITIA BARBAULD WROTE SOMEWHAT ANXIOUSLY ABOUT the tendency of readers to skip over the poems in Ann Radcliffe's novels: It ought not to be forgotten that there are many elegant pieces of poetry interspersed through the volumes of Mrs. Radcliffe.... The true lovers of poetry are almost apt to regret its being brought in as an accompaniment to narrative, where it is generally neglected ... and the common reader is always impatient to get on with the story. (1) The Mysteries of Udolpho (1794), and Radcliffe's immediately preceding novel, The Romance of the Forest (1791), carry the subtitle, Interspersed with some pieces of Poetry. These subtitles are dropped from modern editions and bibliographies, but they ask us to pay attention to "interspersed" poetry as a distinctive aspect of these novels' forms. (2) The phenomenon of the blended novel--the novel that incorporates actual verses and lyric moments in prose into the novel--is a distinctively 1790s form of heteroglossia which has attracted increasing critical attention in recent years. Other writers of the period, including Charlotte Smith, Thomas Holcroft and Matthew (Monk) Lewis, also interpolated poetry into their novels; Mary Robinson, in Walsingham, or, the Pupil of Nature (1797), would go so far as to provide an "Index to the Poetry," inviting her readers to approach her text as a poetry collection as much as a novel. What does it mean, though, to read a novel as a "true lover of poetry" would? What happens if we take seriously the idea that this does not mean excising poems from the novels through which they are interspersed and considering them on their own merits, as Leah Price has shown contemporary reviewers of Radcliffe tended to do, and Robinson indeed invites them to? (3) If we endeavor not to skip over the poetry within these novels but to read it as a genuine and vital complement to the prose narrative, will these novels read differently? To date, research on blended novels has suggested that the placement of lyric poems within these texts tends to be "chaotic," performing, if anything, the difference between lyric and narrative, often at the expense of lyric. (4) However the self-consciousness with which Radcliffe uses quotations and poems within her novels suggests that, at least for its most famous proponent, there were thematic as well as generic issues at stake in the use of this form. For Price, Radcliffe's contemporary popularity came from her novels' presentation to her readers of a choice of discourses. (5) By paying localized attention to the labor to which Radcliffe puts poetry in Udolpho, I contrast the relationship of this idea of choice in reading to the compulsions of the gothic text. For Radcliffe, the presence and absence of poetry becomes a tool for exploring the implications of the gothic itself. In the case of Udolpho, both quoted and original interpolated poetry provide vital companionship and support--a kind of musical "accompaniment"--to isolated individuals and single voices within the gothic narrative. In parts of Udolpho quotation occurs so frequently that it represents individuals as kinds of permeable, porous beings, who could as easily think the thoughts of another as their own thoughts. Radcliffe deliberately marks this form of sociability by having quotation disappear from the gothic third of the text in which the heroine, Emily St Aubert, is imprisoned in the castle of Udolpho. Just as quotation disappears in the face of terror and isolation, during this part of the novel Radcliffe has Emily become unable to write, or even read. This unpoetic core has been the focus of most criticism of Udolpho and as a result the role of poetry in the novel has received little comment. (6) But if gothic imprisonment--the limitation of physical and imaginative options--is isolation from poetry, then to remember, to read, and to write literature must, in some sense, be to move free of confinement. …


Technological advancements in the past few decades have played a critical role in enhancing supply chain management from varied dimensions. While advancements in information technology have significantly improved various facets of the supply chain, supply chain visibility still lags in tracking and tracing capabilities. The disruptive and emergent blockchain technology (BCT) presents enormous potential to address issues of supply chain sustainability. This paper seeks to evaluate the proximity of BCT to resolve provenance issues throughout the supply chain. The research considers the immaturity of BCT alongside limited success stories in supply chain management. It uses a content analysis methodology to examine recent literature about using BCT in supply chain sustainability and provenance. A conceptual model for using BCT to create an enabled, visible, and sustainable supply chain is provided to frame the investigation. Findings reveal that the benefits of BCT have mostly been conceptually demonstrated in the sustainable supply chain literature, but with few practical applications. Moreover, technically driven challenges including scalability and control are still prevalent. It reaffirms the fact that participants within a blockchain enabled supply chain network must be at the same level of knowledge regarding the technology and its functionality. The study also indicates evidence of a growing research interest in the niche, which will eventually bring about solutions to address ongoing challenges faced by BCT in its integration into supply chain management. These findings contribute to the literature about improving the security and utility of supply chain sustainability and provenance by using BCT.


Semi-strong form tests are performed on the forward-pricing efficiency of the cattle, hog, and pork belly futures markets. Separate quarterly econometric forecasting models are developed for each commodity and used as norms with which to compare futures prices. Results are mixed, but there have been time periods in the 1970s in which these markets have not performed efficiently. The hog market appears less accurate in forward pricing than the other two markets. The existence of futures markets results in information on forward prices that is directly useful to firms and producers in decision making. Observation of these futures price quotations can elicit production, marketing, and/or inventory responses from those who use the futures market directly themselves, indirectly through other firms,


Research into students' ideas showed that students' interpretations of natural phenomena often differ from those of scientists. The aim of this study was to identify elementary level students' ideas about water transport in plants. A questionnaire with three open-ended items and multiple choice question was administered to 591 students from 7 primary schools. Students' ideas were examined in five categories using content analysis technique. The students' responses with sound understanding for the "need for water", for the "water uptake", and for the "water loss" in plants took place in the interval of 2 to 10 percent, 16 to 30 percent, and 2 to 4 percent, respectively. Half of the students' responses showed that the teacher was the main source of information about plants. key words: water transport, plants, student ideas, elementary science education. hulusi Çokadar Pamukkale University, Turkey murat Özel Niğde University, Turkey hulusi Çokadar murat Özel Hulusi Çokadar © Murat Özel ©


Contents Series Preface for Texts in Applied Mathematics Preface Acknowledgments Ways to Use This Book Introduction Chapter 1 Qualitative Methods 1.1 Fields of Slopes and Sketching of Solutions 1.2 Qualitative Description of Solutions 1.3 Fences 1.4 Funnels and Antifunnels 1.5 The Use of Fences, Funnels, and Antifunnels Exercises Chapter 2 Analystic Methods 2.1 Separation of Variables 2.2 Linear Differential Equations of First Order 2.3 Variation of Parameters 2.4 Bank Accounts and Linear Differential Equations


Background: Coumarin derivatives have attracted intense interest in recent years, because they have anti-tumor, antioxidant activities, and induce apoptosis.
Aims and Objective: Our study aims to evaluate the antitumor and anti-oxidant activities of new Coumarin derivatives: N-(P-chlorophenyl)-7-hydroxycoumarin-3-yl carboxamide and Ethyl 7-hydroxycoumarin-3-yl ester against in vivo tumor model.
Methodology: the toxicity for the synthesized compounds was determined. The anticancer and anti-oxidant activities were studied by evaluation the viability of tumor cells, life span prolongation, and estimation of antioxidants.
Results: Our compounds exhibited significant anti-oxidant activity towards Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells by reduction the MDA and NO concentration (p<0.001) compared to the positive control group. Whereas significantly increase in the G. peroxidase activity (p<0.001) in treated groups compared to the positive control group. Anticancer agent kills tumors by induction of apoptosis that showing significantly increases in Caspase-3 and Bax activity compared to positive control group.
Discussion: The compound N-(P-chlorophenyl)-7-hydroxycoumarin-3-yl carboxamide is better than Ethyl 7-hydroxycoumarin-3-yl ester compound because of the nature of the halogen atom (a chlorine or a bromine atom) in the 'meta' position of the phenyl ring relative to the ester oxygen atom of 2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran- 3-carboxylate led to a better anti-tumor effect than that observed in the absence of any substituent.


A 3-day meeting of international experts was held in Centro Internacional del Agua y Medio Ambiente (CIAMA), in Zaragoza, Spain, 9–11 November 2009, to discuss water quality management. Some 30 leading international experts from 12 countries, including the United States, Canada, Japan, China, the United Kingdom, France, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Egypt, and Mexico, took part in these discussions. It was cosponsored by CIAMA, International Water Resources Association, and Third World Centre for Water Management. Participation in the workshop was by invitation only. The experts discussed comprehensively the current water quality problems facing the world, and how these problems are being solved. They also considered emerging water quality problems and their potential solutions, including the need for institutional innovations. The participants agreed that the main water problems facing the world in the future are likely to be because of water quality rather than due to actual physical scarcities of water. At present, the world's physical water scarcity problems can be solved with the existing knowledge, technology and funding availability. Water management practices in the world are generally becoming more and more efficient, especially in terms of water quantity. For example, the United States now uses 5% less water for all purposes, compared to 1975, in spite of a much higher level of population and more than doubling of its economic activities. Efficiency gains are allowing many countries to use the same quantity of water for more and more activities. In contrast, water quality management has not made commensurate progress. In Western Europe and North America, point sources of pollution from domestic and industrial sources have been mostly resolved. Even then, more than 9,400 of the 25,000 sewage systems in the United States have violated the Clean Water Act of 1972 in recent years by discharging partially treated wastewater into the environment. Improvements are necessary because of ageing and inadequate infrastructure in most of the developed world. In addition, non-point sources of pollution, primarily from agricultural sources, still continue to be a serious problem. The nitrate and phosphate contents of most rivers of the developed countries are still on the high side, and have to be reduced in the future. How this can be achieved technically, cost-effectively and in a timely manner is still to be determined. Unfortunately, all over the developing world, neither point sources nor non-point sources are being managed properly. For example, in Latin America as a whole, research carried out by the Third World Centre for Water Management indicates that only about 10–12% of point sources are now being properly treated and then discharged to the environment. The situation is likely to be somewhat similar in Asia, but probably worse in Africa. As a result of the continuous neglect of good water quality management, most


An American attorney and political scientist presents a study focused on managerial efforts to reorganize the corporate structure of a large aviation conglomerate with 14,000 employees. The conversion of properties from state to collective ownership and organizational shifts to a joint-stock company are detailed and analyzed. Managerial strategies to streamline the privatization are traced from corporate documents and procedures designed internally to devise orderly regulations not rooted in parliamentary legislation or presidential decrees. Broader implications are noted in light of possible trends to develop laws at the grassroots level and to establish precedents that may be assimilated. journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: K22, L21, P13, P31.


In pregnancy there are changes in regulation of thyroid hormone that can affect hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis. This goitrogenic stimulation can lead to enlargement of thyroid gland. We present a case of 37-year-old woman gravida 4, para 3 at 27-week gestation, who was referred for management of a huge multinodular goitre with impending upper airway obstruction. Severe pre-eclampsia made airway narrower due to oedema at pharyngeal and glottic region. In case of no life-threatening airway, surgery can be electively performed after delivery as to avoid preterm labour. However, if emergency lower segment caesarean section is needed, preferably it to be done under regional anaesthesia in severe preeclampsia cases. If this fails, general anaesthesia may be required with awake fiberoptic, jet ventilation and bronchoscopy standby in case of difficult intubation due to constricted airway. Our patient underwent emergency lower segment caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia at 31 weeks gestation due to severe pre-eclampsia. Right hemithyroidectomy was done three months postnatal. Obstructive symptoms resolved after operation.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 04 October'21 Page: 514-518


In this paper,we investigate impulsive harvesting and birth pulse on a stagestructured single population model with relation to biological resource management.By the discrete dynamical system determined by the stroboscopic map,the significance of the impulsive releasing the immature to the permanence of the population in the biological resource management is obtained.Our results provide reliable tactic basis for the practical biological resource management,and enrich the theory of impulsive differential equation.


We consider the evolution of a closed convex hypersurface under a volume preserving curvature flow. The speed is given by a power of the m mean curvature plus a volume preserving term, including the case of powers of the mean curvature or of the Gauss curvature. We prove that if the initial hypersurface satisfies a suitable pinching condition, the solution exists for all times and converges to a round sphere.


CELLS ARE THE IRREDUCIBLE units of life. Ever since the 17th-century Dutch naturalist Anton van Leeuwenhoek first observed living cells under a microscope, the desire and need to see inside them has remained strong. Three centuries later, advances in microscopy, miniaturization, and imaging, as well as in analysis of vanishingly small amounts of materials, are enabling cells to show more of their stuff. Researchers now can address such questions as the following: What amounts of specific compounds are present in a single cell? Where are they in the cell? How long do they last? How fast do they move? Where do they come from? Where do they go? How do they cross membrane interfaces? The contents of cells have been for a long time routinely examined en masse. But some biological processes can be understood only in the context of single cells, according to Andrew G. Ewing, a chemistry professor at Pennsylvania State ...


This short paper attempts to describe the impacts of land degradation in semiarid ecosystems on carbon fluxes on the basis of the differences observed between two eddy covariance flux sites in SE Spain. The authors clearly demonstrate that most of the expected meteorological controls over C flux are equivalent between sites, but the carbon fluxes are striking different, varying by a couple of orders of magnitude. As they highlight, this difference in observed net carbon flux is a result of contrasting fluxes of carbon from "subterranean ventilation". As the authors have addressed in other publications, this large carbon efflux cannot be accounted for due to in-situ concurrent biological activity – and this greatly complicates interpretation of contrasting results between the sites, and thus the assessment of the impacts of land degradation.


Objective To explore the clinical result of treatment of senile intertrochanteric fractures with the proximal femoral nail anti-rotation blade(PFNA).Methods 15 senile patients(6 male,9 female) with intertrochanteric fractures were treated with PFNA.Results 15 patients were followed up for 5-18 months.All the case healed for average 4 months.According to the Harris scoring system,average scores was 92.Conclusion The treatment of senile intertrochanteric fractures with the proximal femoral nail anti-rotation blade(PFNA) is simple and has stable fixation,high bone union rate and few complications,especially for the osteoporosis comminuted senile intertrochanteric fractures.


Inverting papillomas (IPs) are benign locally invasive tumors that most commonly present within the sinonasal cavity. Temporal bone involvement is exceedingly rare, with fewer than 30 cases reported within the English literature to date.


We present the problem statement of sparse interpolation and its basic mathematical and computational methods to solve it. The solution is formulated already in 1795 by de Prony and only much later expressed in terms of a generalized eigenvalue problem and structured linear system. Input to the sparse interpolation methods are a very limited number of regularly collected samples. When considering these values as Taylor series coefficients, the problem statement easily connects to Padé approximation. The Padé approximant denominators are closely related to formal orthogonal polynomials and Gaussian quadrature. Results on their zeroes and certain convergence properties shed new light on some computational problems in sparse interpolation. The problem statement can also be viewed as a tensor decomposition problem, for which techniques from multilinear algebra can be used. Through the latter connection the toolkit of algorithms for sparse interpolation is further enlarged.


2 Introduction 5 1. Judgment in Accounting Standards 7 2. Financial Instrumets and accounting quality under IFRS and US GAAP 9 2.1. Financial Instruments accounting 9 2.2. Accounting quality under IFRS and US GAAP 10 3. Management's incentives and Accounting Quality 12 4. Hypotheses development 15 4.1. Credit losses and cost of equity capital hypothesis 15 4.2. Credit losses and bond interest rates hypothesis 16 4.3. Credit losses and CDS premia hypothesis 18 4.4. The relevance of bank accounting data for the decision making needs of equity, bond and CDS markets hypothesis 19 5. Bank sample and dataset 20 5.1. Bank sample 20 5.2. Dataset 20 5.2.1. Inclusion criteria 20 5.2.2. Reported credit losses 21 5.2.3. Date of fourth quarter financial information disclosure 21 5.2.4. Stock returns 21 5.2.5. Bond credit spreads 22 5.2.6. CDS premia 22 6. Methodology and modeling approach 23 6.1. Methodology 23 6.2. Modeling approach 24 6.2.1. The econometric model for testing the equity hypothesis 24 6.2.2. The econometric model for testing the bond hypothesis 25 6.2.3. The econometric model for testing the CDS hypothesis 26 6.2.4. The econometric model for testing the fourth hypothesis. 26


The principles involved in the definition of pH are discussed in relation to the actual procedures used in its measurement. The assumptions made in the operational definition of pH and the existence of a residual liquid junction potential when pH is measured using a glass electrode and calomel electrode result in an uncertainty of ±0.02 in the pH measured. While of small im portance in most uses of pH, this uncertainty is of considerable importance when pH is used to calculate the activity or concentration of hydrogen ions, and when it is used in formulae such as the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. The measurement of pH using a glass electrode-calomel electrode pair is a com mon procedure in the clinical laboratory. Recent improvements in the design and construction of these electrodes and of pH meters have permitted the reliable mea surement of pH to ±0.002 in the range of pH of *4 to 9. This excellent reproducibility of pH measurements does not necessarily mean, however, that the accuracy of the pH measurement is equally precise. Ac cording to Mattock and Band,6 pH cannot be measured with an accuracy better than ±0.02. Bates,1 without quoting a figure, warns that "no quantitative interpretation of measured pH values should be attempted unless the medium can be classified as a dilute aqueous solution of simple solutes." Blood and most other biological fluids are therefore excluded by this warning. The reasons for this lack of precise quantitative interpretation of pH measurements can be considered under three headings: the defi nition of pH; the standardization of pH; the measurement of pH. T he D efin ition o f pH S0rensen introduced the term pH (p standing for Potenz, i.e., power)9 as a de vice for the more convenient expression of hydrogen ion concentrations. He defined it as pH = — logi0cH, cH being the molar con centration of hydrogen ions. The concept of activity5 had been introduced a little earlier; eventually pH was redefined10 as pH = —log10aH, where an was the activity of hydrogen ions given by one of the formulae a = yc, a = ym, a = fN, c, m and N being respectively the molarity, molality and mole-fraction of hydrogen ions and y, y and f the corresponding activity coefficients. Although this definition was theoretically sound, it was not really useful in practice, as it defined pH in terms of something that could not be measured, namely the activity of a single ionic species. Ions in solution always occur accompanied by ions of the opposite charge, so that the solution is electrically neutral. Thermodynamic theory shows that what is measurable is the mean


The diagnosis and management of oral cavity cancer has been well described in developed countries, however, in regions with fewer medical resources, alternative methods may need to be used. We outline an approach to evaluation and treatment of oral cavity cancer in low‐resource areas.


A capillary electrophoresis(CE) method for the determination of alendronate was developed by using 4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl chlorine(MOBS-Cl) as a pre-column derivatization reagent.The derivative reaction conditions were investigated,and the optimal derivative conditions were as follows;the alendronate reacted with MOBS-Cl in 20 mmol/L borate buffer solution(pH 11.5), and the molar ratio of alendronate to MOBS-Cl was 1=10.The temperature for the derivatization reaction was 50℃ and the reaction time was 10 min.The separation of the derivatives was achieved on capillary column by using 20 mmol/L borate buffer solution(pH 9.3) at a temperature of 25℃ and a separation voltage of 20 kV.The injection was carried out under the pressure of 0.5 psi for 5 s, and the detecting wavelength of diode array(DAD) was 233 nm.The calibration curves were linear in the range of 1.0-400 μg/mL,and the limits of detection were 0.5-1.0 μg/mL.This proposed method was applied in the determination of alendronate in pharmaceutical preparations and urine samples with satisfactory results.


The following two articles have evolved from the article, titled "Monetary and Fiscal Actions: A Test of Their Relative Importance in Economic Stabilization," presented in the November 1968 issue of this REVIEW. Frank tie Leeuw is now a Senior Staff Member at the Urban Institute in Washington, D.C. and was formerly Chief of the Special Studies Section, Division of Research and Statistics at the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. John Kalchbrenner is an economist in the Special Studies Section, Division of Research and Statistics at the Board of Governors. Their "Comment" presents several important considerations for the reader, and tends to emphasize the volume of work remaining for economists and analysts interested in the current discussion of the role of money and monetary policy. The "Reply," by Leonall C. Andersen and Jerry L. Jordan, attempts to clarify the areas of disagreement between them and the authors of the "Comment." In many instances, clarification consists of answering the specific questions about their model and reinforcing their original position, rather than adjusting any of the theory and procedures behind the model.


The morphology of the blends of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and bisphenol-A polycarbonate (PC) crystallized from the melt were studied by density measurement and small angle light scattering techniques. Rate of crystallization of these blends was found to be slower with increasing amount of PC. The Avrami exponent n for the blends was calculated and related to the shape of superstructures formed. Hv and Vv scattering patterns as seen by small angle light scattering were analyzed to determine the nature, shape, and size of the superstructures. The changes in the superstructure formation with increasing amount of PC in these blends have been analyzed.


A small extra tube directly located above the glottis (laryngeal tube), which is about six times smaller in cross-sectional area than the pharyngeal-oral tube section and which has a length of about 1/6 of the overall length of the vocal tract tube seems to be responsible for producing a broad (hyper-)formant at about 3 kHz, called the singer's formant. From an acoustic viewpoint the singer's formant has been described as a clustering of the third, fourth and fifth formant. Using a computer simulation model for sound production, which includes a self-oscillating vocal fold model (source model), an acoustic wave propagation and radiation model (tube model or filter model) as well as source-filter interaction mechanisms it is possible to show that a further mechanism is responsible for increasing the amplitude of partials in the frequency region of 3 kHz. Our simulations indicate that in the case of normal to high subglottal pressure (normal speaking to loud singing voice) a specific source-filter interaction mechanism is an important contributor for increasing partials in the region of 2 kHz to 5 kHz.


This paper investigates quantitative dependability metrics for distributed algorithms operating in the presence of sporadic or frequently occurring faults. In particular, we investigate necessary revisions of traditional fairness assumptions in order to arrive at useful metrics, without adding hidden assumptions that may obfuscate their validity. We formulate faulty distributed algorithms as Markov decision processes to incorporate both probabilistic faults and non-determinism arising from concurrent execution. We lift the notion of bounded fairness to the setting of Markov decision processes. Bounded fairness is particularly suited for distributed algorithms running on nearly symmetric infrastructure, as it is common for sensor network applications. Finally, we apply this fairness notion in the quantitative model-checking of several case studies.


During lactation, maximizing sow feed intake is critical to sustaining sow body weight (BW) and milk production for litter growth. Farrowing stall design can affect sow feed intake because a good feeder should minimize feed wastage and spoilage and improve sow feed intake by enhancing the accessibility of feed and matching the feed intake pattern of the sow. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of feeder design on sow BW, litter performance, and feeder cleaning criteria during the summer. A total of 600 sows (Line 3, PIC, Hendersonville, TN) were conducted in 2 sequential groups with 300 sows per group. Five 60-stall farrowing rooms (15 stalls per row and 4 rows per room) with tunnel ventilation were used for each group. At approximately d 110 to 112 of gestation, sows were blocked by body condition score (BCS), parity, and offspring sire (Line 2 or Line 3 sires), then randomly allotted to 1 of 3 feeder designs: PVC tube feeder; Rotecna ball feeder (Rotecna, Agramunt, Spain); or SowMax rod feeder (Hog Slat, Newton Grove, NC) with 200 sows per feeder design. The 3 feeder designs were placed in one of 3 sequential stalls with the sequence (Rotecna, SowMax, then PVC tube) continued in each row in all rooms to balance for any environmental effects. After farrowing, sows had ad libitum access to lactation feed. For litter performance data, only piglets from sows bred to Line 2 boars were recorded (441 litters). Line 3 piglets were not included in litter performance data, but sows of these piglets were included in sow BW and feed disappearance data. After weaning, the time for cleaning each feeder design was recorded on a subsample of 67 feeders. There was no evidence of difference (P > 0.05) in sow entry BW, exit BW, BW change, or litter performance among the different feeder designs (Table). However, sows using the SowMax feeders had decreased (P < 0.05) total feed disappearance, average daily feed disappearance, and feed cost per kg of litter weight gain than those fed with the PVC tube feeders, with sows using the Rotecna feeders intermediate. There was a marginal difference (P < 0.10) between feeder designs in cleaning time, with PVC tube feeders requiring less time than the Rotecna feeders; however, cleaning time varied greatly between the personnel doing the cleaning. In conclusion, using a SowMax feeder reduced feed disappearance with no effects on sow and litter performance compared with a PVC tube feeder.


In this paper,we analyzed the non-equilibrium of Shanghai's real estate market by the non-equilibrium model and the short-side rule hyperbolic aggregation equation based on the time series data of 1993- 2011. The paper Estimated the degree of non-equilibrium of the real estate market. And based on non-equilibrium degree,we analyzed of the timing of Shanghai's government intervention of real estate market. The results showed that: Shanghai's real estate market has long been the existence of effective demand and supply of non-equilibrium state. The effective demand and effective supply of the real estate market had positive correlation with per capita disposable income of urban households and the proportion of urban population. And there is no"Herding "phenomenon in Shanghai's real estate market. Non-equilibrium degree of the real estate market is an important index of government intervention in the market. Government should sdjust the imbalance of supply and demand of the real estate market by flexible intervention policies. So as to promote the real estate market return to equilibrium and ensure the health and steady growth of the real estate market.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Phase 2 study KEYNOTE-057 showed that pembrolizumab (pembro) monotherapy has its efficiency of antitumor treatment and acceptable safety in BCG-unresponsive HR-NMIBC pts. PEANUT study showed that with the combination of pembro and nab-paclitaxel had a low AE rate (adverse events (AE)), meanwhile, with considerable CR rate in the 2nd-line treatment of bladder cancer. Tilelizumab was proved its efficiency in locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. We report preliminary treatment efficiency, safety data and exploratory work of the TRUCE-02 trail(NCT04730232). METHODS: TRUCE-02 is an Open Label, Single-arm, Phase 2 Study for pts with un-completely resectable HR-NMIBC. Pts received 3 or 4 cycles of Tislelizumab plus nab-paclitaxel Q3W followed by resection biopsy. Primary endpoint is CR rate. Meanwhile, we sent biospecimens of pts' tumor before treatment to analyze Acornmed panel targeting 808 cancer-related hotspot genes. PD-L1 expression was measured by immunohistochemistry staining. We analyzed WGS from pts' urine sediments. RESULTS: To date, 51 pts have been recruited. 32 pts have completed the whole 3 or 4 treatment cycles and reached the primary endpoint. Median age was 67 (range[44-85). 25 pts were male. 14 pts were combined with Tis. Evaluable analysis at this time shows, CR rate of 62.5% (N[20/32), PR rate of 12% (N[4/32), SD rate of 16% (N[5/ 32), PD rate of 9% (N[3/32). Low-grade treatment-related AEs include alopecia (81%), fatigue (34%). All other AEs were seen at 7% or less. 2 pts had immune-related severe AEs including cytokine release syndrome (3%), papular and pustular rash (3%). To date, 4/32 (12.5%) pts proceed to cystectomy. As for PD-L1 expression, 50% (N [12/24) of response pts (CRþPR) showed positive, 38% (N[3/8) of un-response pts (PDþSD) showed positive. We found out that HRR mutation may predict a favorable prognosis. The uniformity of the WGS results in urine and tumor tissue were verified considerable. CONCLUSIONS: With a CR rate of 62.5%, high-grade AE rate lower than 5%, this treatment plan has shown its efficiency and safety in pts with un-completely resectable NMIBC by TUR-BT. We also found that the efficacy of this treatment does not depend on the expression of PD-L1. Source of Funding: The present study received financial support from the Natural Science Foundation Project of Tianjin (grant no.18PTLCSY00010), the Tianjin Urological Key Laboratory Foundation (grant no.2017ZDSYS13)


Dynamic equations of a robot shall be determined by an iterative method. This method highlights the generalized variables: generalized driving forces and liaison forces that appear in the components of the robot. So, knowing the position vectors of the centers of masses, the work aims to determine the accelerations associated with mass centres, the external forces and moments torsor, the liaison forces and moments torsor, respectively generalized drivinf forces of a Gantry modular robot. In this paper the authors present the dynamic modeling of a 4 d.o.f. Gantry robotic structure, type TTRT. Key words: kinematics model, dynamic model, modular robot, Gantry structure


In 1599, a Persian embassy was organized and dispatched by Sāh 'Abbās I to the Vatican and a number of European imperial courts. A well-known account of this embassy appears in Don Juan of Persia, allegedly written by the Persian secretary Uluġ Beg, and often understood as one of the first Persian travel accounts of Europe. This embassy of some 40-50 personages, traveling via the Caspian Sea and Russia, began to fray at the edges as the nominal chief ambassador Ḥusayn 'Alī Beg bickered consta...


Green, brown and black pigments are uncommon in the otherwise typically yellow to orange Echiniscidae. Viridiscus, a genus currently represented by a handful of species, in which cuticular coloration varies from a light green through dark green to almost black, has been an exception. Here, we uncover a new echiniscid lineage from the primeval subtropical and tropical rainforests of India and Tanzania, comprising three species with a caramel/brown body. Given that both Viridiscus and the new species complex lack dorsolateral trunk appendages and share dark cuticular pigmentation, they may be mistaken for each other. However, a closer inspection of the dorsal cuticular sculpture and molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate that the new complex belongs within the Echiniscus spinulosus morphogroup. Thus, the presence of dark pigments in two indirectly related lineages is evidence for the convergence of dark cuticular coloration in limno-terrestrial heterotardigrades. We detected three species in the new complex: Echiniscus brunus sp. nov., from the Western Ghats (Tamil Nadu, India), and two other candidate species, Echiniscus aff. brunus sp. can. 1 and Echiniscus aff. brunus sp. can. 2, from India and Tanzania, respectively. We refrain from describing the two latter species formally because they exhibit little or no morphological differences, which is yet another clear case of the crucial role of DNA barcoding in an accurate estimation of tardigrade species richness.


In this paper we prove that geodesic mappings of (pseudo-) Riemannian manifolds preserve the class of differentiability \hbox{$(C^r, r\geq1)$}. Also, if the Einstein space $V_n$ admits a non trivial geodesic mapping onto a \hbox{(pseudo-)} Riemannian manifold $\bar V_n\in C^1$, then $\bar V_n$ is an Einstein space.
If a four-dimensional Einstein space with non constant curvature globally admits a geodesic mapping onto a (pseudo-) Riemannian manifold $\bar V_4\in C^1$, then the mapping is affine and, moreover, if the scalar curvature is non vanishing, then the mapping is homothetic, i.e. $\bar g={\rm const}\cdot g$.


Training Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) models is a time-consuming process that requires immense amount of data and computation. To this end, GPUs are widely adopted to accelerate the training process. However, the delivered training performance rarely scales with the increase in the number of GPUs. The major reason behind this is the large amount of data movement that prevents the system from providing the GPUs with the required data in a timely fashion. In this paper, we propose ScaleDNN, a framework that systematically and comprehensively investigates and optimizes data-parallel training on two types of multi-GPU systems (PCIe-based and NVLink-based). Specifically, ScaleDNN performs: i) CPU-centric input batch splitting, ii) mini-batch data pre-loading, and iii) model parameter compression to effectively a) reduce the data movement between the CPU and multiple GPUs, and b) hide the data movement overheads by overlapping the data transfer with the GPU computation. Our experimental results show that ScaleDNN achieves up to 39.38%, with an average of 17.96% execution time saving over modern data parallelism on PCIe-based multi-GPU system. The corresponding execution time reduction on NVLink-based multi-GPU system is up to 19.20% with an average of 10.26%.


1. Treatment with enzymic hydrolysate of protein after blood depletion has a significant action in restoring serum protein content. 2. Blood depletion of hyperimmunized horses alters the serum globulin fraction much more markedly than the serum albumin fraction. Our thanks are due to Dr R. N. Roy and Mr Diptish Chakraborty for useful help.


In the present work, microswitches with different shapes have been fabricated by low-cost and convenient multi-layer electroplating in order to develop a shock acceleration microswitch with enhanced-contact and low off-axis sensitivity. Modal analysis based on FEM shows that the three kinds of new designed microswitches have lower off-axis sensitivity than our previous device, i.e., type I. The packaged microswitches were tested by the drop hammer system. The generated half-sine-like shocking acceleration with amplitude of 80g, lager than the threshold, was applied to the microswitches. The test contact time of the microswitch IV is about 55µs, whose contact effect is much better than conventional. A shock acceleration microswitch IV with a movable contact point utilizes the double spring-mass system to realize an enhanced-contact effect and is considered as a better selection for long duration contact and relatively low off-axis sensitivity.


This Chapter focuses on the role that Demand Response resources can play in resolving reliability and congestion problems across the wires networks serving New England at both the regional and local levels. Restructuring, divestiture, and competition have changed the historic relationships between those who own and manage the regional power grid, those who manage local distribution networks, and those who supply electric power to customers. New system planning and investment strategies are needed in this new environment, and those strategies should be designed to incorporate demand response resources, which can offer low-cost, distributed solutions to reliability and congestion problems.


The main purpose of present study was to determine the difference in level of role stressors (Role Conflict and Role Overload) and their effect on Turnover Intention or Job Satisfaction of dentists. The study also explored the impact of role stressors with reference to demographic factors of age, sex and experience level. The current research was consisting of two parts, a pilot study and then main study. In pilot study a sample of 50 respondents were taken to pre-test and establish instruments' psychometric properties in local socio-cultural context. Main study was carried out on 100 faculty dentists' working in public/private teaching institutes. Dentists with minimum of one year job experience were selected by using Convenience Sampling technique. This was analytical, cross sectional & correlation study. A specially designed questionnaire used in present study was based on General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Role Stressors Inventory, Turnover Intentions and Job Satisfaction instruments. Multiple regression analysis


Plasma cell neoplasms arising outside of bone are known as extraosseous/extramedullary plasmacytoma. Although they constitute about 1% of all plasma cell neoplasms, updated epidemiological data are lacking in the current literature. Here, we have analyzed the incidence provided by the national cancer institute (SEER database) from 1975 – 2016 to shed light on the incidence, demographics, and survival of extraosseous plasma cell neoplasms.

 We selected all cases of plasma cell neoplasms from the data provided by the national cancer institute (SEER database) from 1975 – 2016. We excluded all cases designated with the primary site as bone or bone marrow. We analyzed the data using SPSS statistics 20. We compared overall survival among different demographic groups and performed the log-rank test to see differences in overall survival.

 A total of 731 cases were found with extraosseous plasmacytoma in the United States with a male: female ratio of 1.85:1. The age range was from 9 to 92 years with a median age of 61. Younger age of diagnosis was associated with better overall survival. Overall survival was not significantly different between males and females (p = 0.4). The majority of the patients were Caucasian and overall survival was significantly better in this group (p = 0.028). Consistent with the current literature, the primary sites of the majority of cases were head and neck (44.5%) and soft tissue (15.7%). Overall survival was significantly different between different primary sites (p < 0.05) with primary sites of soft tissue, thorax (including lung, mediastinum, and pleura), and CNS showing particularly poor survival.

 Our results suggest that the prognosis of extraosseous plasma cell neoplasm is site-specific and a better understanding of tumor microenvironment in plasmacytoma arising in different primary sites is warranted.


The clown story is one of the "humorous literature" from which the clown story originates. The development of the art is the result of the unconventional behaviors, philosophy and Buddhism in the Han, Wei and Liuchao periods. It bears the refined and popular dual features and carries profound significance of literary history and judgement of the ugly.


This paper proposes a low cost converter for autonomous photovoltaic water pumping system based on fuzzy controller. The proposed converter i.e. the two inductor boost converter achieves ZVS/ZCS conditions.The operation of two inductor boost converter along with the three phase inverter and three phase induction motor is described.The classic topology of the TIBC has features like high voltage gain and low input current ripple. A solar tracking system is modeled using Matlab/Simulink and a fuzzy logic control is designed to control the duty cycle of TIBC.Simulation results show a power output 210w and efficiency of 98%is achieved for DCDC converter.


The invention discloses a test structure of semiconductor technology and a formation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: providing a semiconductor substrate with a first area and a second area, wherein, the first area and the second area are separated by an isolation region; forming a first device on the first area and a second device on the second area respectively, wherein, the first device comprises a first metal gate and a first source-drain area, the second device comprises a second metal gate and a second source-drain area, and the first metal gate crosses the first area and partial isolation region and is connected with the second metal gate which crosses the second area and partial isolation region on the isolation region; carrying out a heat treatment on the structure so that a mutual diffusion or alloy reaction is generated at a connection part of the first metal gate and the second metal gate to form a composite region. Through testing the formed structure and detecting a transport factor, threshold voltage, reliability and the like of the structure, influence of the metal gates in a CMOS device caused by problems such as diffusion or interreaction in heat treatment technology on performance of the devices is detected.


Are you a software engineer/developer/coder or maybe even a tech enthusiast who is thinking of agility,
parallel development and reducing cost. In the early twentieth century, we witnessed the rise of Service
Oriented Architecture (SOA), which is a software architecture pattern that allows us to construct large-scale
enterprise applications that require us to integrate multiple services, each of which is made over different
platforms and languages through a common communication mechanism, where we write code and multiple
services talk to each other's for a business use case, but sometimes we end up with one big monolithic code
base whose maintenance becomes difficult.
Nowadays clients are using cloud and paying for on-demand services without effectively utilizing resources.
These problems invite micro-services.
In this paper, I am going to discuss how one should use scale application in a production environment and
local machine


This article reviews the pitfalls and benefits of teaching and learning in summer school and identifies the lack of student interest as the key factor affecting the effectiveness of learning in the summer. The primary goal of this research is to investigate the impact of active learning strategies on generating student interest and improving their learning in summer school. This article presents results of the study embedded into the classroom curriculum of a summer course. The study consisted of a series of active learning interventions, surveys of students, and observations of their academic performance. The scores of students enrolled in the summer class were compared to academic results of those students who took a similar course during the regular terms. The evidence examined in the study demonstrates that active learning strategies can increase students' situational interest in the summer school setting and can improve the quality of their learning.


Smartphones and wearable embedded systems are ever more popular as ecological probes to learn about the ageing process or unobtrusive aids to support seniors in their daily life activities and prevent falls and frailty. What have we learnt so far by this unprecedented exposure of seniors to technologies, at the border between epidemiology, prevention and care?


This paper presents a methodology to perform multi-class image classification using Gene Expression Programming(GEP) in both balanced and unbalanced datasets. Descriptors are extracted from images and then their dimensionality are reduced by applying Principal Component Analysis. The aspects extracted from images are texture, color and shape that are, later, concatenated in a feature vector. Finally, GEP is used to evolve trees capable of performing as classifiers using the features as terminals. The quality of the solution evolved is evaluated by the introduced Cross-Entropy-Loss-based fitness function and compared with standard fitness function (both accuracy and product of sensibility and specificity). A novel GEP function linker Softmax-based is introduced. GEP performance is compared with the obtained by classifiers with tree structure, as C4.5 and Random Forest algorithms. Results show that GEP is capable of evolving classifiers able to achieve satisfactory results for image multi-class classification.


The decrease of Indonesian exports during the crisis is due to the declining of  oil price in international market, and the lower demand for Indonesian commodities in foreign market, especially from the US, Japan and Singapore as the three largest partners of Indonesian trade. However, this situation has benefited for agriculture products such as rubber, coffe, cocoa, and other resource-based products such as oil palm minerals, shrimps, and woods. This means that the exports of resource-based products has been increasing during the crisis. However, the successful exports of those agricultural products did not increase the total exports due to the few shares of them. In this case, how the competition of manufacturing products in global market ? What is the role of human resources, research and development and technology intensity to boost export? This paper aims to elaborate the performances exports of resource based products related to the human resources, research and development, and the technology. Key words : competitiveness export commodity


An Investigation Into the Methodology Promoted in the Jolly Phonics Programme at a Co-Educational School in the St. George East Educational District Natasha Edith Patterson This study investigated the specific methodology used in the Jolly Phonics Programme and its implications for classroom practice, through an examination of the classroom practices of three teachers in the Infant department at a primary school in Trinidad and Tobago. Data were collected through interviews and observations. The results of the data analysis suggested that the teachers made competent decisions that were suited to their specific situations.


Legal consequences nominee agreement to purchase land by foreign nationals with borrowed names, written with the aim to determine the legal affect of a nominee agreement on the sale and purchase of land by foreigners to borrow the name. in this study using normative research, which is where the writing refers to the apporoach to the normative aspects of the legislation and the book / material law. Conclusion of this paper is flawed agreement is considered as null and void acts.


In polyamide fibers from sulfonate-containing monomer, or increased melt viscosity, the degree of polymerization and or there is a limitation to the polymerization rate, resulting in difficulty in discharge of melt from the reactor, etc. or have foaming excessive during melt polymerization there are problems, no such problems, the polyamide fibers produced by melt spinning, a fiber-forming polyamide, one or more sulfonate thermoplastic carrier resin, such as polyamide or polyester , a concentrate containing the aromatic acid reactant can be obtained from a composition comprising a.


The repertoire of V regions of α/β+ T cell receptor (TcR) on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from the peripheral blood of six patients with a novel X‐linked combined immunodeficiency was investigated by flow cytometry. The relative frequencies of V region subfamilies Vα2a on CD4+ T lymphocytes and Vβ5b and Vβ12a on CD8+ T lymphocytes from the peripheral blood from the affected males were decreased significantly. Also, the relative frequencies of certain other V region subfamilies on CD4+ or CD8+ T cells from the peripheral blood of some patients were either considerably below or above the ranges found in normal subjects.


Intended as a core text for the course on the Bureaucracy taught in departments of political science, as well as a supplement for courses in Public Policy or Introduction in Public Administration.


Bangladesh has made considerable progress in improving access to education at all levels for last two decades. Despite these impressive gains, Bangladesh continues to face challenges of student drop-out at the secondary level. Girls drop out of school earlier than boys because of child marriage. Targeted policies and interventions designed to improve mainstream educational attainment and decrease child marriage may be the effective and sustainable way to address both issues.


By the end of the 21st century, the frequency of lightning strikes in the United States may increase by 50% because of climate warming, up from an average 25 million lightning strikes per year, a paper published in the 13 November issue of Science reports.


1. The genesis of breathlessness - what do we understand? 2. Multidimensional assessment of dyspnoea 3. Breathlessness in heart failure 4. Dyspnoea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder 5. Breathlessness in advanced cancer 6. Breathlessness in neurological disease 7. Breathlessness in children 8. Respiratory muscle function in breathlessness 9. Pulmonary rehabilitation 10. Surgical interventions to improve dyspnoea 11. Non-pharmacological approaches 12. Oxygen in the palliation of breathlessness 13. Pharmacological approaches to breathlessness 14. A palliative approach to the breathless patient


Introduction Many social scientists are concerned that arrangements for ethics review and scrutiny draw heavily on biomedical models which are inappropriate for social research. The Academy of Social Sciences and the Social Research Association decided to organise a conference to examine how the current and developing system of ethics review for social science research projects is working and how it might best develop in future. The well attended event was held in May and followed the format of presentations on the policy aspects and the overall system in the morning, with workshops to discuss aspects of practice in the afternoon.


Electromyography (EMG) activity of muscles can help us to assess the muscular functions during daily activity. In this paper, we investigate the EMG based assessment of the muscles situated in dorsal side of human body. Specifically, two upper and lower back muscles named as erector spinae and trapezius muscles are investigated during the body movements involved in Islamic prayer (Salat). Several time and frequency domain features of the EMG signal were examined to find the significant variation in the muscles activity. Results show that, both muscles maintain a balance in terms of contraction and relaxation during bowing and prostration position of Salat. In addition, the frequency domain features indicate that, the lumbar spine muscle exhibits contraction in each alternate position during the prayer. The finding of the study may help to develop rehabilitation program for the senior citizens suffering from back pain that restrain them to perform obligatory Salat.


PURPOSE: To provide a processing managing device for diagnosis on communication network with which required access time is reduced, jamming on the network is canceled, management is not restricted and access requests due to subscribers are not decreased. CONSTITUTION: Concerning this processing managing device for diagnosis on communication network, one diagnosis is executed by communication between a remote server center SA and a local subscriber terminal T through an exchange type communication link. Processing between the remote server center SA and the subscriber terminal T can be set up, monitored and recognized through interactive type communication not only with the local subscriber terminal T but also with the remote server center SA by providing a processing managing module MG outside the link.


In order to improve the detective ability of the joint transform correlator,an infrared zoom system of optical compensation is designed for a 2/3 inch infrared CCD detector,which used in joint transform correlator for infrared target detection.This system can zoom continuously in the range of 100~200mm working at 8~12μm waveband,its F number is 3.The system only contains seven lenses with two aspheric surfaces.The image quality evaluation results prove that:in full zooming range,the modulation transfer function of the zoom is close to the diffraction-limited curve at cut-off frequency 17lp/mm,with good image quality and stable image plane.The requirements of the optical system overall design is quite met.


It is essential to assess the health‐related quality of life outcomes of boys with haemophilia in Brazil. The Canadian Haemophilia Outcomes‐Kids Life Assessment Tool (CHO‐KLAT) was recently adapted for this population.


LPG supplies for international trade will increase sharply through 2000 and begin to outstrip demand by 1997 or 1998. This outlook depends on several production projects proceeding as planned. Leading the way to increased volumes are projects in Algeria, Nigeria, and Australia, among others. Purvin and Gertz, Dallas, projected this trend earlier this year at an international LPG seminar near Houston. Representatives from LPG-supplying countries also presented information to support this view and subsequently supplied more specifics to OGJ in response to questions. This paper discusses this information. Trends in Africa, Australia, North America, and South America are forecast.


For the complex ionic liquids of type AX-BX2 such as alkali fluoroberyllates or alkaline-earth silicates, the corresponding-state principle has been established quantitatively between the pairs, (i) LiF-BeF2 and MgO-SiO2, (ii) NaF-BeF2 and CaO-SiO2 and (iii) KF-BeF2 and BaO-SiO2, in their intermediate composition regions under the reduced absolute temperature scale. Experimental data on ionic packing density, viscosity coefficient, and equivalent conductivity have empirically been confirmed to have nearly the same values within experimental errors in the corresponding-state of the respective molten materials. A better understanding of molten silicates and other complex liquids may be obtained from the experiments on molten fluoroberyllates at low temperatures. (Received May 4, 1978)