Objective:To observe the effect of earthquake on emergency care for medical and surgical critical patients.Methods:We used the retrospective survey method.The data of medical and surgical critical patients admitted to Emergency Department were collected and analyzed for one week before and after Wen chuan earthquake.Results:The number of medical and surgical critical patients significantly reduced.The proportion of transfer treatment patient and ambulance transportation decreased,but the proportion of severe critical patients significantly increased.After optimization of emergency patient flowsheet,the retention time of emergency department were shorten.Conclusion:Although the number of medical and surgical critical patients reduced during earthquake,the proportion of severe critical patients increased and the resource of pre-hospital care reduced.We should pay attention to the emergency medical needs of medical and surgical critical patients,and optimize flowsheet.


In view of the current situation and the existing problems of the ESP English teaching in college, this paper analyses the teaching objective, course construction, content, evaluation and the use of new pattern, according to the ESP theory.


This paper surveys the state-of-the-art in ground transport vehicle active suspension development and research. The advantages and disadvantages of active suspensions are discussed. Suspension performance criteria and techniques for design and optimization of active suspensions are reviewed. Applications of active suspensions in automotive, rail and tracked levitated air cushion and magnetic suspensions are cited. Finally current and future directions of active suspension research are discussed.


News value is an important theoretical issue in journalism and has become a theoretical focus because it has been a theoretical controversy.In value theories,the original value of news and its dissemination value are mixed.The character of news as special commodity is ignored because Marx's theory on commodity value is used in understanding news value.This paper analyzes many aspects of news value: the original value and the dissemination value,pointing out that there exist different value outlooks about recessiveness and dominance of news value and tries to make theoretical research into news value have a correct direction.


Mineralogical and chemical analyses of three textural varieties of pyrophyllite
samples collected from Baliadihi mine of Keonjhar district, Orissa, India are investigated.
Mineralogically they consist of quartz, pyrophyllite, altered feldspar as major minerals and
muscovite, chlorite, tourmaline, hematite etc. as minor minerals. The samples exhibit
compositional variation of SiO2 65.56 - 71.66%, Al2O3 18.79- 22.94%, FeO 1.13- 1.68% and alkalis 3.24 to 6 %. Beneficiation studies using flotation technique has indicated that silica can be reduced with concomitant increase in alumina and brightness from a raw pyrophyllite sample which can be suitable for refractory purposes.


Changes in the intracellular ratio of monovalent cations resulting in the alteration of transcriptional activity in some cell-specific genes have been investigated. It was found that at varying intracellular Na+/K+ concentration ratios the accessibility of the beta-actin gene to the effect of exogenous DNAaseI changes drastically. The use of hybridization of restricted DNA of the nuclear matrix with appropriate probes revealed that the number of copies for oncogenes c-fos and c-myc within this DNA changes with alteration of the intracellular ratio of monovalent cation concentrations.


This study aimed to examine the view point of ancient China on Koguryo through analyzing Dong-I-Jung-Rang-Jang and Dong-I-Gyo-Wi among titles of nobility conferred during Pei Chao Period from King Jangsu to King Pyeongwon. Ding-I-Jung-Rang-Jang, a title King Jangsu and King Munja were graced, is regarded differently from Dong-I-Gyo-Wi because there was also Dong-I-Gyo-Wi appointed by Pei Wei performing his role at the time the title Dong-I-Jung-Rang-Jang was granted. Giving consideration to the fact that Jung-Rang-Jang is a higher rank than Gyo-Wi, the kings of Koguryo seemed to be authorized to govern Dong-i race. However, there is no data to link with Dong-I-Gyo-Wi in real activities. Also there was no case found that Dong-I-Gyo-Wi of Pei Wei exercised its controlling power on Dong-i empires including Koguryo. The reason for this is governed subjects by Dong-I-Gyo-Wi and Ding-I-Jung-Rang-Jang were different each other. That is, the king of Koguryo, Dong-I-Jung-Rang-Jang, controlled Dong-i communities ranging from Manchuria -east of Ryaoheo River- and Korean Peninsula to the Japanese Islands while Dong-I-Gyo-Wi controlled Dong-i race residing in Liao-hsi region and in the Siramurenha River Valley to the north. After King Munja died, Pei Wei conferred honors posthumously as Dong-I-Gyo-Wi and granted Dong-I-Gyo-Wi to the following King Anjang. Since then, Dong-I-Gyo-Wi was succeeded by the time of King Pyeongwon. During this time, no Dong-I-Gyo-Wi was seen appointed separately by Pei Wei and Northern Qi Dynasty because Dong-I-Gyo-Wi's role managing Liao-hsi region and in the Siramurenha River Valley was replaced by Koguryo. This means that Koguryo controlled Dong-i empires outside of fortress including Liao-hsi region and in the Siramurenha River Valley. Undoubtedly, Pei Wei's controlling power toward Liao-hsi region was rapidly declining when Dong-I-Gyo-Wi was conferred on the king of Koguryo, about A.D. 591. At all event, granting Dong-I-Gyo-Wi was analyzed as an authorization for Koguryo's controlling power on Dong-i empires along with actual influence especially toward Liao-hsi region and the Siramurenha River Valley. Liao-hsi region and the Siramurenha River Valley were included in the controlling subjects of Dong-I-Gyo-Wi after Koguyro forced out later Yen Dynasty, interfered in destruction of northern Yen Dynasty, and expanded its influential power toward the lower reaches of Daling River and Siramurenha region. Main Dong-i communities controlled around Darling River midstream were all over the Joyang and nomadic tribes in Siramurenha region. However, Koguryo's controlling power toward the western district was weakening since internal cracks continued in Koguryo aristocratic circles and tensions with Turk Nomadic Empire and Southern Tungus tribe in the north, and Paekche and Silla in the south increased in the mid-sixth century. In addition, Northern Qi Dynasty reinforced its influential power toward Liao-hsi region overcoming disorder between Eastern Wei and Western Wei and emerging as a new power. Also at the end of sixth century, the Su Dynasty launched a new policy reducing titles of kings of Koguyro including Dong-I-Gyo-Wi by establishing a Liao-hsi army and further advancing into Siramurenha region. Koguryo's influential power remained for a while even though Dong-I-Gyo-Wi disappeared from titles of kings of Koguryo after A.D. 565. China's
controlling power toward Liao-hsi and Siramurenha region was only possible after the Tang Dynasty established Dong-I-Gyo-Wi in Liao-hsi in A.D. 629. The fact that place names symbolizing the Darling River Valley, a center of Lao-hsi region such as Gojukguk and Baekrangha were used for conquest of Koguryo by the Su and Tang Dynasty presented Koguryo's controlling power toward Lia-his region until it extinguished.


This article questions the heroic status commonly ascribed by historians and human rights groups to Armin T. Wegner and Henry Morgenthau (senior), and ascribed by Ernst Jackh's many writings to himself.


To investigate the universality and diversity of spatiotemporal chaos, information reduction, which describes phenomena using generalized quantities such as amplitude and phase, is an important technique. Several methods of image analysis are presented for information reduction of experimental image data of spatiotemporal chaos.


Although some might dispute the opinion expressed by Professor Bagshawe (1978) that 'we are already in the era where the drug treatment of cancer has a role as important as surgery or radiotherapy', there is no doubt that increasing interest is being shown in the use ofcytotoxic chemotherapy in the management of patients with solid tumours. In patients with bladder cancer cytotoxic drugs have been used at intervals since 1960, but the first major attempt to review their value was made by Carter & Wasserman (1975) who showed that, of the 30 drugs then available, only adriamycin, 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C had been evaluated. All showed a 25-35% remission rate in patients with advanced lesions. Although toxicity is inevitably associated with cytotoxic chemotherapy, the risk does not exceed the 7-10% mortality which follows radical cystectomy, nor the considerable morbidity which may follow radiotherapy. The cost of using cytotoxic drugs is also commonly overestimated. Some are undoubtedly expensive, but others are cheap (Table 1). The case for the consideration of chemotherapy in patients with invasive bladder cancer can best be made by analysis of the survival and the pattern of recurrence following traditional treatment of patients with category T3 lesions. The five-year survival after cystectomy varies between 10-20% (Whitmore & Marshall 1962, Poole-Wilson & Barnard 1971), with many recurrences arising within the pelvis. Following radiotherapy five-year survival is 20-30% (Frank 1970, Edsmyr 1975), recurrences often occurring within the bladder. The combination of preoperative radiotherapy and cystectomy results in a further increase in five-year survival to 30-40% (Wallace & Bloom 1976, Prout 1977). This combined therapy commonly controls the disease in the pelvis, but metastasis is still frequent and Prout (1977) has observed that cure following cystectomy is not common and that distant metastases occurred in 24 of 59 patients undergoing cystectomy, 85% in the first year after surgery. These figures stress the need for effective systemic adjuvant therapy, a point also taken up by De Kernion (1977) who believes that adjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy isjustified in all patients with invasive bladder cancer, since the survival rate with conventional local treatment is so low. Adjuvant chemotherapy can be used on a rational basis only after much preliminary work by Phase I studies to determine the dose and toxicity of different drugs and Phase II studies to assess the remission rate in patients with advanced lesions. As yet there is little evidence of any concerted activity to solve this problem and a computerized (BLAISE) search of the Index Medicus revealed that information was available from Phase II studies on only ten drugs (Table 2). Of even greater interest is the list of drugs which have not been evaluated and which includes many of the common agents (Table 3). Despite the previously pessimistic report of Prout et al. (1970), the results obtained from these studies in patients with advanced disease are almost certainly a conservative assessment of those which would be obtained if the drugs were used soon after diagnosis. The slow rate of progress is probably due to an element of surgical inertia coupled, in the United Kingdom, with a lack of widespread availability of experienced oncological advice. These factors are seriously retarding the assessment of the potential role ofcytotoxic agents in patients with bladder cancer. Progress can only be made by a determined and worldwide effort to evaluate the remaining drugs in Phase II studies as single agents and subsequently to determine synergistic combinations of those which are shown to be effective. Given


The organization and origin of the Longtan Poetry Societies are closely related to the development of Taiwan community. The methodology of this thesis is based on the research of the organizational development of Hakka Poets' Society in Longtan village. The contents of this thesis are mainly focused on presenting the community characteristics of the development processes, activities and creative literature writings of the founding poetry societies, i.e., Tao Society and Long-Yin Poetry Society (later renamed the Chu-Sao Poetry Society) in Longtan Hakka village. This research consolidates both documental materials and interviews linking the theoretical and practical points together. Furthermore, this thesis investigates the cultural impacts on traditional heritage and explores the poetry societies' (Tao Society and Long-Yin Poetry Society) contributions in promoting poetic appreciations on their literature writings and social observations. Also, this thesis explores the relationship between the intrinsic ideology and the development of social community through the works of Tao Society and Long-Yin Poetry Society. There are five chapters in this thesis. The first chapter introduces the research motives, purposes and scope, literature review, and research methodologies. The core resources are a collection of first-hand information obtained via fieldwork of the Tao society and Long-Yin Poetry Society, and supplemented using the relevant historical documents (newspapers, periodicals, bulletins, local chronicles, etc.) and interviews from poets with higher academic status and artistic achievements. The interviews encompass many different ethnic groups and include analysis of their works. The sampling of poets includes poets whose poetries have both unique artistic features, and a considerable degree of reflection on society status. The research utilizes the Literature theory "Genetic Structuralism" from Lucien Goldmann (1913-1970) to analyze and to explore the ideological structure, influences and achievements beyond literature, sociology and psychology. The second chapter is an overview of the local chronicles and historical documentation, coupled with careful fieldwork (excavation of precious documents), to get an overview of the Longtan geographical environment, both historical and cultural. Natural resources play an important prerequisite for the formation of the local cultural environment under different historical periods and economic environments; this thesis observes these effects in the form of its literary heritage and progress to understand the development of the space-time background of traditional literature in Longtan. The third chapter explores the background of the Tao Society, its naming and organization, its activities, branches, interactive exchanges, the development process, etc. The chapter also includes a review of the meaning of the Tao Society traditional poets' work. The fourth chapter explores the background on the founding of Long-Yin Society, its naming and organization, its activities, interactive exchanges, the development process including the merging of the Long-Ying Poetry Society and the Chinese Chu Sao Research Society (known as Chu Sao Poetry Society). This chapter also analyses the meaning of prior chairmen's works. The final chapter summarizes the results of this thesis, and proposes suggestions on further study and future prospects.


In considering second-order effects of gravity and large deformation conditions,the article analyzes the elastic-plastic time-history of a high-rise office building with software Abaqus under rare earthquakes. In order to reflect the actual seismic behavior,all the structural members contributing to the structural rigidity are imitated according to the actual situation in the analysis. The results show that the slab of structure with outriggers or belt members and the shear wall lessen upside of Y direction are weak parts of the structure. The results also show that the structural can meet the set performance goals after strengthening and that the frame-core tube structure with outriggers or belt members has superior seismic capacity and ductility.


Recent geomanager's work in mineral resource management, specially in domain of complex geological exploration of mineral resources, with regard to actual market, economic and developmental aspects of mineral economy of Serbia intrudes need and necessity for accepting and appliance of actual trends of evaluation and economic criteria's of assessment of exploration results. Geological-economic evaluation is a specific and very effective geomanager's instrument, which is important for successful performing of geomanager's activities, and also market and commercial evaluation of mineral resources results of projected geological exploration and evaluation of economic profitability their sustainable uses. Geological-economic evaluation with concept, approach and essential specifically is significant for development market environment, and also successfulness of planning and realization manager's activities in reorganizations, which exist in Serbian geoindustry. Geological-economic evaluation with structure, factors and indicators make possible successful, effective and efficient managers work, which also is essential for geo-management in mineral sector, in compliance with adequate mineral and business policy and development strategy.


This study was carried out to investigate the total polyphenol, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and antiproliferation activity of the citron seed. The citron seed were separated to hull and embryo, and extracted with n-hexane and 70% ethanol. Antioxidant activity of ethanol extract was higher than that of n-hexane extract. IC50 value for DPPH radical scavenging activity of ethanol extract of hull (CSE1) and embryo (CSE2) were 3.18 and 8.43 mg/mL, and those of total antioxidant activity were 19.96 and 11.28 mg AA eq/g, respectively. ACE inhibitory activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity on CSE1 showed the highest values of 31.61 and 45.17%, respectively. Antiproliferation effects on the MCF7, HepG2, H460, HCT-116, and PC3 cell line showed the highest values of 14.09, 19.12, 12.29, 9.78, and 9.12% in extract concentration of 5 mg/mL, respectively. These results suggested that citron seed can be used for development of functional food material which have biological activities.


The field of psychology has struggled to define what it is that makes an expert therapist expert. Just as elusive has been the ability to know and articulate how one achieves expertise as a therapist. In their major contribution, Hill, Spiegel, Hoffman, Kivlighan, and Gelso identify a number of constructs that researchers interested in assessing expertise can consider and evaluate. In this reaction to their article, we share where we are in agreement with the authors and where our thoughts diverge. We conclude with what we deem to be missing from this discussion regarding therapist expertise—power and privilege as it relates to who decides what makes an expert.


When we look closely into the Fahua xuanyi _??__??__??__??_, it is often mentioned that enlightenment can be attained secretly by people with the capacity of the two vehicles.In the Tiwei boli jing _??__??__??__??__??_, which expounds the Five precepts and the Ten Good Acts _??__??__??__??_ to lay believers in the secular world, it is mentioned that some have covertly reached the ultimate insight, anutpattikadharma-ksanti _??__??__??__??_, that nothing arises or perishes. Zhiyi _??__??_ acknowledged this fact and pronounced that enlightenment is possible even through Hinayana doctrines at the time of the preaching in the Deer Park _??__??__??_.However, there is no conclusive verse or prose that can be seen as evidence in the Tiwei boli jing which clearly indicates that some have attained enlightenment within the early stages. Thus, due to the nature of its teaching as being unable to be discussed in words fully, it must be called the secret teaching.


We discuss the effect of shear flow on the nematic to smectic A phase transition. The non-Newtonian flow properties (shear thinning and normal stress) ire correlated with the distortions of the structure-factor S(q). As a function of the Deborah number, we find first a deformation of S(q) and, beyond a critical Deborah number, highly distorted, one-dimensional fluctuations. The suppression of fluctuations by shear flow raises the critical temperature.


Mobile communication systems (5G and beyond, 6G, etc) look for more and more connections, more data consumption, higher speeds and better coverage, thus the transition to the millimeter waves region is required. Additionally, the mobile devices for these new communication networks also seek efficiency and compactness of their elements. This paper presents a simple and compact wideband antenna array capable of being integrated in mobile devices and communicating with modern IoT/5G systems. The array covers 6.9 GHz of bandwidth, from 24.5 GHz to 31.4 GHz, with efficiencies close to 90%, and its compact and small structure makes it easy to integrate in small portable devices.


This edition of Facial Plastic Surgery describes new techniques and innovations for repair of large nasal defects. In the last 10 to 12 years both surgical innovations as well as new technology have dramatically advanced the art and science of total and subtotal nasal reconstruction. Facial reconstructive surgeons now have an unprecedented array of techniques and options available for repairing facial (and nasal) defects. This new tissue must be shaped and contoured such that it provides the appearance of a nose. The techniques described in this edition of Facial Plastic Surgery will help any practicing facial reconstructive surgeon improve their results, with regard to replacing a human nose. Kevin A. Shumrick, M.D.


After reading the report, this reviewer would interpret the editor's statement to mean that without substantial effort on his part, he bound together in one report two speeches to personnel officials by eminent collective bargaining specialists, one reprint from an overseas personnel journal, and three other articles of varying vintage which he had on hand. Presumably the report was published in 1966, as it bears a 1966 copyright date. The individual contributions are not dated (except for the reprint) and one of them is somewhat out-of-date. For example, the author, in talking about the Wisconsin factfinding procedure, confines his analysis to the "10 advisory arbitration [fact-finding] reports issued thus far." Another contributor, in dealing with the same subject, states that "to October 1, 1965... twenty-four fact finding reports have been issued." An explanation by the editor about each article containing such information as when it was written and whether it was based on a speech given to a conference or written particularly for this report would be helpful to the reader. Despite the lack of editorial direction, the articles are interesting and worth reading. Ida Klaus, the veteran labor relations specialist of the New York City School Board, reviews the great change in public personnel philosophy that has occurred in the past decade. She discusses the initiation of policies supporting collective bargaining by the federal and various state governments and summarizes the effects of these policies on employees and managers. She concludes with a list of four items of future concern: (1) the areas where collective bargaining should be allowed to enter, (2) the accommodation of bargaining practices to personnel practices, (3) the accommodation of the bargaining process to the budgetmaking process, and (4) the development of effective techniques for preventing strikes. Arvid Anderson, a distinguished commissioner of the Wisconsin Employment Relations Board, summarizes the experience in administering the Wisconsin statute providing for collective bargaining by municipal employees. He explains how bargaining units are determined, how fact-finding is serving temporarily at least to stave off compulsory arbitration or the right to strike, and explains how many substantive and procedural negotiating problems have been resolved. James Belasco contributes two articles. In the first, he analyzes the first ten of the approximately forty-three Wisconsin factfinding cases issued prior to September 1966. In his second article, about collective bargaining in an upstate New York municipality, he analyzes in some detail the political power factors and their impact on the employees, the elected officials, and the public interest. B. V. H. Schneider has written a lively and clear account of the 1964 British Post Office strike. She explains why this strike took place and why it should not be regarded as an omen that arbitration of disputes in England will no longer succeed. 0. P. Dwivedi's piece about collective bargaining by federal employees in Canada is a reprint of his recent journal article. He reviews the government report recommending collective bargaining for Canadian federal employees in the light of a postal strike which occurred shortly after its publication. He cites the views of the various unions about the right to strike and dis-


This paper studies the response of import prices to exchange rate shocks in a framework that accommodates asymmetry both in the short-run dynamics and in the long-run equilibrium relationship. Estimation of asymmetric single equation error correction models for 33 countries over the period 1980 to 2010 reveals stronger pass-through of depreciations than appreciations in the long-run, which is suggestive of exporter pricing power. In a panel context, the long-run asymmetry is significant and robust to different country grouping criteria such as emerging versus developed. There is a strong positive nexus between the extent of the asymmetry and import dependence, which suggests that exporters price-to-market in the long-run. However, this link weakens as the importer gains greater freedom to trade internationally. Our findings suggest that exporters on the whole are able to exploit weak competition structures over the long-run. Since the prevalent form of pass-through asymmetry is welfare-reducing for consumers, import-dependent economies can benefit from trade liberalization.


ABSTRACT Decentralised economic development initiatives empowering local governments have gained currency in both developed and developing contexts. The empowerment of county governments in China is a case in point. This study uses difference-in-differences (DID) and the fixed-effects model with panel data (1997–2008) in counties in Zhejiang Province to empirically investigate the different impacts of the empowerment reform on county economies and fiscal revenue (FR). The results reveal that the reform has not promoted county economies as expected but has significantly increased FR. The reform has had a larger impact on less developed counties than on developed ones, which suggests a positive outcome of this decentralisation policy in China with regard to revenue generation. This study on county empowerment in Zhejiang Province provides some policy implications for other regions in China or developing countries.


Industrial and economic developments are flourished by small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) in a country through efficient utilization of local resources, production of intermediate goods and services and transformation of rural technology. This study empirically examined Nigerian context of loanable funds impact on performance of small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs)within a study range of 2001-2018. The study employed time series data sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) annual statistical bulletin, 2018. The error correction mechanism (ECM) was used to analyze data set after determining their individual stationarity with the presence of long-run cointegrating relationship among variables employed in the study. The study found that, credit to the private sector and interest rate ceiling have both linear and non-linear significant impact on the performance of small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria. Therefore, the study recommends: Government and financial institutions in Nigeria to continue to encourageand create a centralized entity within their operations as a strategy of governance to offer short and medium term loans to small and medium scale enterprises either monthly, quarterly or annually as to enable them consistently stay afloat in their business operations.


Teaching strategies in the field of medical education has undergone tremendous changes in the last few years in order to help increasing the level of student learning. As the traditional problem based learning (PBL) requires intensive resources, there was a need to develop new technology like team based learning (TBL) to boost students desire for active learning. Hence, the present study was developed to compare the efficacy of TBL and PBL among postgraduate nursing students in RAKMHSU. Two similar questionnaire were developed to record Students feedback on TBL and PBL. Overall results of the present study showed that students benefited significantly from PBL sessions when compared to TBL sessions especially regarding learning domain. Students reported that PBL is still their preferred learning method. Proper formulation and integration of both PBL and TBL in the medical education process is needed in order to maximize their mutual benefits.


The effects and related mechanism of astaxanthin(Ax) on aging and normal physiological functions of Caenorhabditis elegans were studied. The nematodes were divided into normal control group and Ax groups(0.08 m M, 0.16 m M, 0.40 m M, and 0.80 m M). The lifespan and related physiological indexes(reproductive capacity, pumping rate, and locomotion assay) of N2 wild-type nematodes were observed to evaluate the impact of Ax on the aging process of nematodes and to determine the optimal dose of Ax. To explore the mechanisms underlying the effects of Ax on the insulin/insulin-like growth factor(Ins/IGF-1) signaling pathway in delaying the aging process, wild-type N2, daf-16 null, and age-1 null mutant strains, treated with the optimal dose of Ax, were tested. The results revealed that the lifespan of the Ax group was longer than that of the control group(P 0.05) and 0.16 m M of Ax was the optimal concentration. The mean lifespan of the nematodes reached 26.03 d, with a significant increase of 31.68%. Ax treatment enhanced the mobility of the nematodes at 10 d and 15 d, but did not cause any significant effects in reproductive capacity or pharyngeal pumping rate. A concentration of 0.16 m M Ax significantly extended the lifespan of age-1 null mutant strains, but did not have a significant effect on that of daf-16 null mutants. These findings suggest that Ax led to significant lifespan extension via the Ins/IGF-1 signaling pathway during normal aging, which could be dependent on daf-16.


The paper discusses the results of research aimed at studying alternative ways to implement market based environmental policies. The analytical device used is a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model for the Netherlands economy. We have simulated the long run 2010 effects on the Dutch economy of a variety of environmental measures. We compare the effects on macroeconomic indicators of a base case with two policy scenarios, which only comprises market based policies, one directly aimed at influencing the environment and another with measures that can have important environmental side-effects. The environmental indicators studied are (emissions of) CO2, SO2, NOx, and car use. Main targeted areas are public utilities, heavy industry and the transport sector. In the market based scenarios, the policy instruments used are systems of tradable permits (direct policy), privatisation and competitiveness enhancing measures in public utilities and the abolition of environmental subsidies and taxes (energy saving, environmental investments and public transport subsidies). We impose budget-neutrality for all measures and study alternative ways of 'refunding' revenues to the various economic actors distinguished. By means of a welfare function the eventual existence of double or triple dividends is traced. The CGE-model used is specifically designed to study the interrelations between Economy, Environment and Energy. Emission factors, abatement costs, and policy measure response, such as a system of marketable permits is modelled. Principal inputs are existing partial studies into the costs and X-efficiency gains from market based systems. Foundation for Economic Research (SEO), University of Amsterdam, Roetersstraat 11, 1018 WB, Amsterdam, Holland; phone: 00-31-20-6242412, fax: 00-31-20-6258993, email: email@example.com The research was sponsored by the Dutch Ministry of Finance. Goals, design and results of the study


We introduce a variety of algebras in the language of Boolean algebras with an extra implication, namely the variety of pseudo-subordination algebras, which is closely related to subordination algebras. We believe it provides a minimal general algebraic framework where to place and systematise the research on classes of algebras related to several kinds of subordination algebras. We also consider the subvariety of pseudo-contact algebras, related to contact algebras, and the subvariety of the strict implication algebras introduced in Bezhanishvili et al. [(2019). A strict implication calculus for compact Hausdorff spaces. Annals of Pure and Applied Logic, 170, 102714]. The variety of pseudo-subordination algebras is term equivalent to the variety of Boolean algebras with a binary modal operator. We exploit this fact in our study. In particular, to obtain a topological duality from which we derive the known topological dualities for subordination algebras and contact algebras.


: Meningioma, also known as meningeal tumor, is typically a slow-growing tumor that forms from the meninges, the membranous layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Risk factors include exposure to ionizing radiation such as during radiation therapy, a family history of the condition, and neurofibromatosis type 2. The goal of management strategy in meningiomas is to keep the patient fully functional and provide long-term relief or prevent intracranial tumor growth associated problems.


Twelve insecticides were tested for remedial efficacy against Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann. All of them except carbophenothion were at least as effective as the recommended insecticide, lindane. At 1 and 2%, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, fenitrothion, pirimiphos-ethyl, etrimphos, and a microencapsulated formulation of phosmet were significantly better than lindane at the registered dose.


The life insurance industry's campaign to raise awareness of and address the underinsurance issue in Australia is showing signs of working, according to the chief executive officer of TAL Group, Jim Minto.


Novel design of triangular patch antenna for GPS (Global Positioning System) and CNSS (Compass Navigation Satellite System) applications is presented. The proposed printed compact antenna has total size of 40×30 mm2 and consists of triangular patch fed by microstrip line. Open end slits pattern in ground plane of the proposed antenna is used for dual band operation. The antenna covers two bands of GPS applications L1 (1.57 GHz) and L2 (1.245 GHz) along with CNSS. Impedance bandwidth of 80 MHz is achieved at L2 and 110 MHz at L1 band with reasonable gain. Measured return loss and simulated radiation patterns of the antenna in different planes are shown in this paper.


The ripple patterns induced by the lithography process will lead to unpredictable necking or bridging risks on circuit patterns. This phenomenon is particularly severe while using the attenuated-phase-shifting mask combined with the strong off-axis illumination. The CD variation induced by the ripple effect is difficult to be accurately corrected by conventional OPC approaches. In this paper, ripples on patterning for the 65nm node have been studied and their problems solved. One of the dominant root causes of ripples is the optical side-lobes from the surrounding patterns. On the L-shape patterns for example, the ripples that occur on the horizontal lines are induced by the side-lobes of the vertical lines. Based on this study of the ripple effect, the layout types resulting in ripple patterns can be classified and predicted. An advanced OPC approach by the segmentation analysis on polygons as well as the correction algorithm optimization has been developed and applied to solve this ripple problem.


The aim of this survey is to give a precise idea of the recent results on existence of isoperimetric sets in R with density. We will mainly focus on the overall ideas, leaving away some technical details of the proofs, which can be found in the cited papers. No previous knowledge on the subject is assumed from the reader. This survey originates from a talk of the author at the conference "New Trends in Nonlinear PDE's" held at the Accademia dei Lincei on November 26th, 2013. I wish to dedicate this paper to Carlo Sbordone, because of his recent 65th birthday, and to Ula, because she will become my wife in few days.


Starting from the importance of the public health field in Romania's national security gear, the authors analyze the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus on this field, highlighting some of the security consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic generated by the new coronavirus. The proposed analysis covers the period 28.02.2020-15.09.2021 and highlights the evolution of some statistical parameters representative for the description of the COVID-19 pandemic, such as: the number of cases of people infected with coronavirus (total cases, active cases, cured cases, deaths); testing dynamics and vaccination dynamics, including the adverse reactions that occurred during the vaccination process, in the context of the high degree of transmissibility and contagion of the coronavirus. The study highlights that Romania is on one of the last places in the European Union (EU) in terms of vaccination rate of the population, despite a campaign heavily publicized and supported by the authorities, determined by the spread in the public space of conspiracy theories regarding the origins of coronavirus and the side effects of vaccination on the population, in the context of the emergence of adverse reactions to the administration of certain types of vaccine. It is highlighted that the delay in obtaining mass immunization of the population has detrimental consequences on the health and for the evolution of social life in the next period.


United States senators function under the glare of voluminous publicity.' Douglass Cater observes that the member of Congress is uniquely creator and creature of publicity.2 William L. Rivers suggests that the play of politics on the press and the press on politics is central to the public opinion process and is one of the foundations of American democracy.3 What are the news-generating aspects of the U.S. Senate? The Associated Press supplies much of the Washington news in American newspaper^.^ This exploratory content analysis centers upon the appearances of senators in the Associated Press (AP) national wire. The "visibility" of a senator is measured by the number of A F stories containing references to his name. The objective of the study is to


Objective:To establish an HPLC method for determination of palmatine hydrochloride in Tinospora hainanensis.Method: HPLC method was applied on Agilent TC-C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) at 40 ℃ with acetonitrile-0.4% triethylamine(24∶76)and adjusts pH with phosphoric acid to 4.0 as the mobile phase;detected wavelength was at 347 nm,and the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1.Result: The linear rage of palmatine chloride was 0.006-0.15 mg(r=0.999 9).The average recovery was 99.8% and RSD was 0.8%.Conclusion: This determination method is accurate and reproducible,which can offer a suitable method for the determination of palmatine hydrochloride in T.hainanensis


A detailed analysis of the X-ray scattering intensity of alpha -AgI has been carried out by an anomalous scattering technique. The two partial interference functions Sijdif(Q) for Ag-Ag and Ag-I pairs were estimated using the newly developed theoretical equations of the intensity. The partial distribution functions for I-I, Ag-I and Ag-Ag pairs in this work are consistent with the results obtained from molecular dynamics by Vashishta and Rahman (1978). The intensities of Debye lines were also explained satisfactorily in terms of pair distribution function for Ag-I pairs.


The spread of SARS-CoV-2 highlighted some international conflicts, but it is too early to ascertain all of the spillover These tendencies can be observed though in the tensions between the United States and China, or in the South and the East Asia regions In this paper, under a perspective mixing realism and power transition theory, there are summed the main events that occurred during the first half of2020, in the East Asia and the nuclear domain


In this paper, we deal with an optimum per-user power allocation problem in terms of the sum capacity in multiuser multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) downlink systems when the minimum mean square error (MMSE) scheme has been used for multiuser preceding. However, MMSE preceding allows some inter-user interference. In this paper, we propose a modified iterative water-filling (MIWF) algorithm with per-iteration power normalization (PIPN) in multiuser MMSE-precoded MIMO systems. In the proposed algorithm, power levels for respectacle users are re-adjusted prior to the consecutive iteration, so that the total transmit power constraint should be satisfied. This normalization can reduce greatly the number of iterations for the iterative water-filling process since the inter-user interference terms at every iteration can be computed more accurately without performance degradation. From computer simulations and complexity analyses, we see that the proposed algorithm has lower complexity but with the same capacity as compared with the original MIWF algorithm.


. In times of equally high pressure on prices and innovations, many high-tech firms consider dispersing >activities not forming part of their own central capabilites< as a matter of course. This course of action in relation to development capacities, while not impossible, is particularly critical. Anyone contemplating such a move should heed the following advice without fail.


Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) detect the Cherenkov light flashes of Extended Air Showers (EAS) triggered by very high energy (VHE) gamma-rays impinging on the Earth's atmosphere. Due to the overwhelming background from hadron induced EAS, the discrimination of the rare gamma-like events is rather difficult, in particular at energies below 100 GeV. The influence of the Geomagnetic Field (GF) on the EAS development can further complicate this discrimination and, in addition, also systematically affect the gamma efficiency and energy resolution of an IACT. Here we present the results from dedicated Monte Carlo (MC) simulations for the MAGIC telescope site. Additionally we show that measurements of sub-TeV gamma-rays from the Crab nebula are affected even for a low GF strength of less than 33 micro Tesla.


world of tomorrow. The one thing that characterizes all these forecasts -as may be noted in several scenarios for what is called the 'post-industrial' society provided by two leading futurists, Bell (1) and Kahn (2)is the preoccupation with the physical and material 'outer limits' of our world. These scenarios serve to anticipate and hence possibly avert ecological, demographic and economic crises. As scenarios, however, they fail to focus on the social, psychological and cultural 'inner limits' which could give positive direction to human aspirations. If man's social evolution is to be rational, humane and mentally healthy it is these 'inner limits'-our values, our social ideals, our notions of the good life and our ethical credos-that will be the real determinants of our collective future.


We study the robust constrained shortest path problem under resource uncertainty. After proving that the problem is NP‐hard in the strong sense for arbitrary uncertainty sets, we focus on budgeted uncertainty sets introduced by Bertsimas and Sim (2003) and their extension to variable uncertainty by Poss (2013). We apply classical techniques to show that the problem with capacity constraints can be solved in pseudopolynomial time. However, we prove that the problem with time windows is NP‐hard in the strong sense when NP is not fixed, using a reduction from the independent set problem. We introduce then new robust labels that yield dynamic programming algorithms for the problems with time windows and capacity constraints. The running times of these algorithms are pseudopolynomial when NP is fixed, exponential otherwise. We present numerical results for the problem with time windows which show the effectiveness of the label‐setting algorithm based on the new robust labels. Our numerical results also highlight the reduction in price of robustness obtained when using variable budgeted uncertainty instead of classical budgeted uncertainty. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.NETWORKS, Vol. 66(2), 98–111 2015


Two algorithms for segmenting FMI (formation microresistivity imager) log are described.One is based on the threshold value of fuzzy divergence between the original image and its segmented image;the other is based on the segmenting transition area. They are applied to segmenting FMI images in the well T245 of the central uplift, Tarim basin The application results show that these algorithms are effective in segmenting FMI images.


Many European countries with shores to the Mediterranean are under earthquake risk. Earthquakes in Turkey in the last 50 years caused lost of more than 50,000 human lives. Reinforced concrete buildings can collapse and cause loss of life even in earthquakes smaller than the design earthquakes defined by the seismic code. In this study, housing construction system and earthquake-resistant buildings in terms of system production problems in Turkey were discussed. The most common damage types after earthquakes are summarized.


Simon Dixon, ed., Personality and Place in Russian Culture: Essays in Memory of Lindsey Hughes. 435 pp., illus. London: Modern Humanities Research Association for the University College London School of Slavonic and East European Studies, 2010. ISBN-13 978-1907322037. $20.00. This collection of articles is a tribute to the memory and rich intellectual legacy of the late Lindsey Hughes (1949-2007), professor of Russian history at London University's School of Slavonic and Eastern European Studies (SSEES, now part of University College London [UCL]). Hughes is probably best known for her pioneering biographies Sophia, Regent of Russia, 1657-1704 and the monumental Peter the Great: A Biography, as well as for her interest in material culture as a primary historical source--particularly architecture but also art, clothing, fashion, icons, and ritual. (1) As Robin Miller-Guilland writes, "In her many shorter articles, we find a tireless enthusiast for generally disregarded corners of history ..., the multivalent, disparate strands that make up the texture of human culture" (22). These interests have been cleverly distilled by the editor of the volume under review, Simon Dixon, Hughes's colleague at the SSEES and a leading scholar of Catherinean Russia, as a focus on "personality and place," reflecting Hughes's "interests in the kaleidoscopic variety of individual motivations and the shifting meanings attributable to particular settings" (13). Dixon's characterization of Hughes's scholarship as a "self-denying empiricism" and "not concept-driven" (5) may also be applied to the works in Personality and Place, which do not attempt large-scale statements about Russian culture or forefront theoretical or methodological problems but focus on "the shifting meanings attributable to particular settings" and on the specific materials under consideration. That said, it is not easy to identify major themes or issues that tie together this collection of articles by 17 authors on a variety of subjects and periods; the volume also includes an article by Hughes on the Cathedral of SS Peter and Paul and a bibliography of her main works. To some extent, Personality and Place may be taken as a cross-section of contemporary scholarship in English on Russia before the Soviet period, with most attention given to the 18th century. The book also appeared as a special issue of The Slavonic and East European Review, and it retains the look and vestigial traces of a journal (e.g., reference to "this journal," 14). (2) Indeed, the majority of readers will most likely refer to individual contributions in this volume rather than read it in linear fashion. To a greater or lesser extent, all entries deal with "personality and/or place" but with no common understanding of what exactly these mean. That said, we may tentatively break the subject matter down into topics concerning material and print culture, historical sites, expeditions and geography, examinations of discourse in historical context, biographical studies, literary depictions of the self, and tributes to Hughes's life and work. I will say a few words about each contribution, by group. Dixon's introduction to the collection offers a beautiful evocation of the social and cultural world in which Hughes grew up and describes her intellectual formation in postwar Britain. James Cracraft continues with a "personal memoir" of Hughes, centering on her work on Peter I; Hughes's "exhaustive research" in archives, libraries, museums, and architectural sites, in his words, "yielded an unprecedentedly detailed, complex, and often dark portrayal of the great tsar.... Her book leaves its readers, at Peter's death, with a Russia that is exhausted, confused, and fearful--not unlike the immediately post-Soviet Russia in which she conducted much of her research" (17). Following Hughes's lead, Sergei Bogatyrev and Simon Franklin take up what we may classify as problems in material and print culture in order to explore images of Russian rulers. …


Biastini, which are known to be cleptoparasites on Rophitinae (Halictidae), is recorded from Kenya and Tanzania. The genus and species, Schwarzia emmae Eardley, are described as new.


The research results of all polarization maintaining fiber hydrophone array have been reported in this paper. On the basis of detail introduction of structure and operating principle of all polarization maintaining fiber hydrophone element, the structure and performances of four element array have been described. The measurement results of element frequency responses of relative receiving sensitivity and array directional responses have been given.


We investigated the polarization and temperature dependence of photoluminescence (PL) of m-plane GaN grown on γ-LiAlO2 (100) substrate. The calculated electronic band structure with k•p Hamiltonian points out the energy splitting as well as polarization selection originate from the m-plane GaN epilayer under anisotropic strain. The polarization-angle dependence PL spectra are found to be selected from in-plane x- and z-polarized emission, corresponding to T1 and T2 transition. And the intensity distribution of the fitting peaks satisfies the Malus' law. An S-shape energy evolution of near band edge peak on temperatures is observed, which originates from the transition between the localized holes and electrons in triangular potentials induced by basal stacking faults.


Objective: The objective of this paper is to identify the key policy and strategic issues that need to be addressed to ensure national food security by using the big food vision. Design/methodology/approach: Based on China's specific national and agricultural characteristics, this paper discusses the current challenges and opportunities facing China's food security and identifies the key policy and strategic issues that should be addressed to ensure food security in China using the big food vision. Findings: Food supply in China has been significantly improved, and the food consumption has been significantly changed, but China still faces with multiple challenges, such increasingly unbalanced diets, unsustainable use of land and water resources, mismatch between supply and demand, and increased volatility in international trade environment. To ensure China's food security, China should focus on the following four aspects:(i) strengthening the support of agricultural scientific and technological innovation; (ii) reforming policy and institutions;(iii) nudging consumer behavior change; and (iv) fully utilizing international trade and cooperation.


Coronary artery spasm can cause recurrent variant angina with ST-segment elevation. The patient was asymptomatic with normal vitals and ECG was normal. We present a case associated with transient ST-segment elevation and significant increase in troponin levels with non-critical lesion
 with normal CAG.


Introduction/Objective. Calcium hydroxide (CH) is the medicament of choice in
 endodontic treatment of internal root resorptions. The aim of the study was
 to compare the effectiveness of three different techniques for CH removal
 from simulated internal root resorptions. Methods. Twenty-nine extracted
 single-root teeth were prepared using NiTi rotary files of BioRaCe system
 (40/.04) following irrigation. A round diamond drill was used in the making
 of a symmetrical standardized internal resorptions 6mm from the apex. Three
 techniques for CH removal from internal resorptions were tested: modified
 conventional syringe irrigation (CSI), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI),
 XP-endo Finisher (XP). Resorptive cavities and apical thirds were observed
 under a stereomicroscope (X45) and scored (from 1 to 5), while representative
 samples were analysed by SEM. Obtained results were statistically processed
 by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-test, (p <0.05). Results. The most
 efficient system was PUI, with 66.7% of samples rated 1 and 33.3% rated 2.
 The next one was XP-endo Finisher, and the least efficient was CSI with 33.3%
 of samples rated 1 (resorptive defect without medicament). There was a
 statistically significant difference between the PUI and CSI systems (p
 <0.05), while there was no difference between the PUI and XP systems.
 Conclusion. No system completely removed the CH from the simulated internal
 root resorption cavities. PUI was the most effective system for removing CH.
 The combination of techniques provides better performance in removing CH
 paste residues from the canal walls.


In order to improve the energy saving efficiency of bell annealing furnace, the High Temperature Air Combustion(Hi TAC)technology is applied to bell furnace which is remoulded as follow: the burners of Hi TAC are inset in the outer cover of it, above as well as below, which may balance the furnace temperature. The thermal equilibrium in bell furnace is analyzed, and the mathematical model of regenerative heat exchange, adopted to the remoulded furnace, is made stimulation calculation and the results are analyzed. The results demonstrate that the Hi TAC technology can reduce the exhaust temperature from 350℃ to119℃, and the inlet air is preheated via the regenerative heat exchange. Especially, when the regenerator length is set as 0.5m, the energy saving efficiency can attain 17.6%.So the economy of bell furnace operation raises.


Security provisions in a large distributed environment are mostly based on public key certificate technology. The existing public key certification systems are largely centered on the idea of defining a global identity for every entity in the system. Moreover, they often rely on a central trust hierarchy for establishing such a global name space. However, a large distributed system often has many autonomous domains and each defines its own name spaces and has different security requirements. In addition, the real world trust relationships are also much more complex than a single predefined trust hierarchy. A new public certification scheme is required to support local name spaces, dynamic trust relationships, and application specific security requirements. Traditionally, a system can only be trusted after it has been formally proven trustworthy. However, due to the inherent complexity of distributed systems and the limitation of formal methods, trust based on factors other than formal logic verification has to be included in designing and developing security services for these systems. Motivated by several on-going research efforts in studying the distributed trust management problem, this thesis proposes a new simple certification scheme that supports distributed name-spaces, dynamic trust management and the specification of application specific security attributes. An object oriented certificate framework has been designed and developed to implement this new scheme. This framework also incorporates an innovative usage of mobile code to specify fine grained delegation conditions flexibly and efficiently. Experiments with a prototype implementation show that the increased flexibility and expressibility adds little performance overhead to the certification system.


The figure of the governess, central in Freud's own history, is present in most of his cases. Freud described his nursemaid as "the prime originator" of his neuroses. Well after Freud's abandonment of the seduction theory, female servants were consistently portrayed as seducing boys, while their relationship with girls consisted of identification and rivalry. The role of Freud's own surrogate mother in his life and writing is examined, and two cases, Lucy R. and Dora, are looked at through the lens of female caretaking. A review and integration of relevant literature is followed by an exploration of the perplexing adherence in Freud's writing to the reality of seduction by a governess, even after he had abandoned the seduction theory. It is argued that it is in the figure of the female maid that the "shadowy" early history of Freud's mothering experiences may actually be engaged, however indirectly and unconsciously. This figure, and Freud's powerful, problematic identification with her, is a thread that when pulled helps unravel struggles in Freud's early theoretical development around issues of female sexuality and analytic authority. Revisiting Lucy R. and Dora provides a new perspective on Freud's difficulty with maternal transferences, and restores to their original importance his "worthless" governesses, those first analysts.


Application of DNA Analysis to Identification of War Victim's Remains in Croatia Furac I, Marketin S., Kubat M. and Zecevic D. DNA Laboratory, Department of Forensic Medicine and Criminology, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia 3⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄4 During the war in Croatia (1991-1995) 10668 persons were reported killed, 37190 wounded and 2069 are still missing. Many of these war victims' remains have been successfully identified by conventional methods such as anthropological and dental examination. However, a number of cases cannot be identified by conventional means because premortal records are missing or remains are badly decomposed. In these cases, DNA analysis can be used for identification process. Here we present two cases. Highly decomposed bodies were obtained from the exchange of war victim's remains with the enemy. DNA was isolated from teeth. AmpFISTR Profiler PCR amplification kit (Perkin-Elmer) was used for comparative typing of nuclear microsatellite markers in the remains and in the presumptive parents of the victim. In a first case, genotypes for 8 loci were obtained. A probability of paternity 99.95% was calculated. This result confirmed that these human remains were related to the putative parents. In a second case, PCR results were obtained for 5 markers. An exclusion of paternity was found. Since it was not possible to exclude the mother as well, typing of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was the method of choice for the further identity testing. Finally, the mtDNA sequence from the remains did not match the mtDNA sequence from blood sample taken from the presumptive mother. Results suggest that the combination of genomic DNA typing and mitochondrial DNA analysis could be very useful for identity testing especially for exclusion of possible false identification.


Aim:To investigate the analgesic effect of the new triazole compounds Ⅱ3 and effects on cycloxygenase-1(COX-1) as well as cycloxygenase-2(COX-2).Methods:The hot plate and the stretching settings in mice were utilized to study the effects of compounds Ⅱ3 on acute pain.Radioimmunologic kits were used to assay the contents of PGE2 in macrophage and 6-keto-PGF1α in endodermis,which represents the activities of COX-2 and COX-1,respectively.Results:Compounds Ⅱ3(15,30,60 mg/kg) prolonged the pain liminal value and the writhing response time in the initial appearance,and reduced the frequency of the writhing response in 15 min after exposure of the mice to glacial acetic acid(P0.05,P0.01).Compounds Ⅱ3,at the concentrations of 1×10-5,1×10-6,and 1×10-7 mol/L,markedly inhibited the production of PGE2 in macrophage,and also impeded the activity of COX-2 at 1×10-6 mol/L.But the inhibition of 6-keto-PGF1α in endodermis using the same settings of compounds Ⅱ3 was found to be limited.Conclusion:Compounds Ⅱ3 has analgesic effects on the acute pain and selective inhibition on COX-2.


SUMMARY The processing of second-growth pine is a major problem. The combination of juvenile wood, compression wood and growth stresses makes the manufacture of straight lumber difficult. Several studies at the U.S. Forest Products Laboratory have shown that it is possible to minimize the warping of second-growth loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda) lumber by manufacturing techniques. Two of the most promising methods, Saw-Dry-Rip (SDR) and press drying, are reported here. The SDR method employs live sawing (all cuts parallel), drying the wide boards (flitches), and then ripping the dried material to the desired widths for final use. This method, devised for hardwoods, has proven successful with pines. Results of studies are shown for 2.4-m stud (scantling) lengths. Yield of U.S. STUD and Select Structural grades were increased up to 20% compared to conventional processing. These grades require the lowest level of warp (crook, bow, and twist). The press drying method uses conventional sawing combined with drying under pressure between steam-heated platens. This method dries studs to 15% moisture content in as little as 90 minutes with gains in yield of STUD grade lumber up to 25% compared to kiln drying.


In light of the incidental and remarkable findings of the putative anticancer efficacy of digitalis glycosides in the treatment and relapse prevention of different human cancers, we have explored Acovenoside A (AcoA), a member of the cardenolide glycoside family that has been hardly investigated so far, with respect to its putative effects on tumor cells at the molecular level as well as its impact on tumor growth. Of note, at equimolar concentrations, AcoA inhibited the proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest of A549 lung cancer cells more efficiently than the approved and commonly used chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin, whereas non‐tumorous peripheral blood mononuclear cells remained unaffected. The detection of increased amounts of caspase‐3‐ and annexin V‐positive cells indicated canonical apoptosis as the main form of the AcoA‐driven cancer cell‐specific toxicity. These in vitro findings were confirmed in a preclinical model of lung cancer xenografts grown on chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs) of fertilized chick eggs used as an in vivo model. Thus, after repeated topical application, AcoA treated xenografts expressed less green fluorescent protein and contained a significantly lower fraction of Ki‐67‐positive proliferative cells, but a higher proportion of apoptotic TdT‐positive cells indicating inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in vivo. Tumor cells loaded with a fluorescent sodium indicator exhibited an increased concentrations of cytosolic sodium ion upon AcoA treatment pointing to the inhibition of the Na+‐K+‐ATPase complex as the major cellular target of AcoA. Inhibition of the Na+‐K+‐ATPase complex in tumor cells by AcoA resulted in a reduced phosphorylation of Src kinase and Aurora kinase A playing important roles in tumor growth and metabolism. Similarly, AcoA strongly inhibited the TNF‐α induced activation of NF‐κB and the IFN‐α induced activation of the interferon regulatory factor 3 known to be involved in tumor survival pathways.


Today almost all machines depend on the software. As a software and hardware system depends also on the rules that are the procedures for its use. If the procedure or program can be reliably characterized by involving the concept of graph, logic, and probability, then regulatory strength can also be measured accordingly. Therefore, this paper initiates an enumeration model to measure the reliability of interfaces based on the case of information systems supported by the rules of use by the relevant agencies. An enumeration model is obtained based on software reliability calculation.


The pyrolysis of C6F5I has been studied by the toluene carrier method over the temperature range of 900–978°K with contact times of 0.4–2.0 seconds and total pressures of 11.2–19.5 torr. Percent decomposition ranged from 8.6 to 97.7%. With toluene-to-C6F5I molar ratios of greater than 150, 85–100% of the C6F5 released abstracts a hydrogen atom from toluene to produce C6F5H. No significant quantities of I2 were observed and the only major gaseous product was HI. Within the limits of the experimental method the decomposition of C6F5I was first order and homogeneous.

Least squares analysis of log k1 and 103/T(C6F5I C6F5 + I) values gives

while a weighted line of best fit yields.

Based on this latter equation D[C6F5I] at 298°K is estimated as 66.2 kcal/mole.


Muller, a psychiatrist who according to the blurb on the book cover has evaluated over 3,000 psychiatric patients in the emergency room, follows in the footsteps of Szasz and others and throws a challenge to both psychiatry and psychiatrists. His starting point is that diagnostic systems do not fit the patients. Most people in busy clinical jobs will agree with that statement. Nobody really would quibble over the observation that diagnostic systems have become problematic. What he calls the illusion of biological psychiatry is, however, more challenging. The contention of mind-brain split and treating a diseased brain with medication is well known and thus debate has raged in psychiatry for years. Muller's argument that patients who abuse drugs and then develop mood changes make the kind of choice in line with their underlying personality disorder but the psychiatrists then fall into the trap of treating these sequelae with medication, thereby causing more and iatrogenic harm. There is also the on-going story of labelling and how psychiatric diagnoses stick with patients and how these diagnostic labels stigmatize patients further. The vagueness of symptoms in themselves, poor descriptions by patients, poor understanding by the treating psychiatrist, all contribute to a system where over-medication and over-treatment become the norm. Muller does not spare the patients in his critique either, arguing that patients tend to accept the promise (should that be premise) of biological psychiatry because it gets them off the hook as creators of their own problems, while offering a solution that does not require them to change their lives. Muller argues that managed care companies and healthcare organizations in the USA, but equally applicable elsewhere, embrace this simply because prescriptions and pills are cheaper than long-term or even short-term hospitalization or psychotherapy. He attacks biological psychiatry for becoming brain dead by following the model that all mental disorder is biological in origin thereby colluding with pharmaceutical companies and care providers. Those who are paying the bills can and often do dictate duration and term of admission. At least in the US each hospital has a co-ordinator who is questioning of the treating clinician if previously agreed duration of stay is being exceeded. Medicalization of normal human emotions falls into this category as well and all these emotions need to be sorted readily by a pill be it Prozac or Viagra! Psychotherapy or psychosexual is indeed time consuming. Patients and their carers also ask for quick-fixes and sometimes are not willing to look at painful emotions or relationships. The lessons for the UK are that training must be rounded, and trainees must experience more of the world in order to understand the patient. There is no doubt that understanding the normal defines the abnormal and that cultures influence this. Muller suggests that biological psychiatry denies the mind an autonomous role which allows the person to gain and maintain sick role. He laments the lost art of psychiatric diagnosis especially as the meaning of symptoms is being increasingly ignored. Misdiagnosing schizophrenia and bipolar disorder on the one hand by the clinician, and willing of the illness by the patient on the other are conundrums that psychiatry must resolve. Using case histories as illustrations Muller challenges our perceptions of diagnosis and management. This is a thoughtprovoking book which deserves to be widely read and debated if psychiatry is to retain its professional and specialist status.


Rhetorical scholars are faced with an ever increasing demand to publish, a demand unlikely to lessen as more people join the academy, and universities demand more output for tenure. Set amidst a clamor about the importance of the humanities, scholars must continually investigate scholarly practices. The unfortunate problem for these scholars hoping not only to publish often, but often times to publish quickly, is that rhetorical studies and related journals are guided by a system of peer review that may take if not months then years to see an article through to publication. While an article languishes in the peer review process, the article may lose its timeliness, and as some articles become bogged down in review other articles may be pushed to the side as workloads on reviewers worsen. Scholars have used these concerns to begin discussing a legitimate controversy about scholarship in rhetorical studies' production and evaluation, and the utility of a peer review-only system. I argue the discipline should consider offering journals guided by the law review model's student review system, not to replace peer review, but to augment it. My argument is based on two criticisms of peer review: its lack of timeliness and its maintenance of academic orthodoxy. The law review model does not suffer, to the same extent, from these significant short fallings, and is likely to benefit rhetorical scholars by providing increased avenues to publish cutting-edge research, graduate students' improved enculturation, and by improving rhetorical scholarship's timeliness and relevance.


Present study was undertaken to determine loss of soil organic carbon, major and micronutrient status of cold desert Ladakh region as a result of unprecedented cloudburst in August 2010. Heavy rainfall (250 mm) within an hour leading to flash floods resulted in severe loss of standing crops spreading over 1400 ha of agriculture land besides destruction of human, animal lives, infrastructures. In most of the affected areas, top fertile soil completely washed away resulting in severe depletion of various major and micro nutrients essential for good soil health. Soil pH was recorded 8.66 and organic carbon severely depleted from 1.09% to only 0.24% making the soil very loose and poor in WHC. N, P and K (115.4, 1.0 and 103.4 kg/ha respectively) and micronutrient contents were also severelyreduced as compared to original soil. These losses have severe long-term effects on crop productivity and economy of the region. Some ameliorative measures have also been mentioned for improving soil health and sustainable crop production.


Objective
To investigate the expression and clinical significance of tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6(TRAF6) in human esophageal cancer.

Methods
The clinical data of 72 patients with esophageal cancer were collected.Immunohistochemistry method was used to determine TRAF6 expression in esophageal carcinoma and its adjacent normal tissue, and its relationship with clinical pathological features was explored.

Results
The TRAF6 positive expression rate in esophageal cancer tissue was 66.13%, which was significantly higher than that of normal tissue (13.89%), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(χ2=56.850, P<0.01). And TRAF6 expression level was significantly correlated with esophageal cancer clinical staging, lymph node metastasis(χ2=6.818, 4.428, all P<0.05), but TRAF6 expression was not correlated with age, sex, tumor differentiation.

Conclusion
The expression level of TRAF6 in esophageal carcinoma was significantly increased, and there was a significant correlation between the TRAF6 expression level and clinical pathological characteristics.

Key words:
Esophageal neoplasms; Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated peptides and proteins; Immunohistochemistry


A combination method of SPE and HPLC were used to determine imidacloprid residuals in corn. Imidacloprid was extracted with acetonitrile from the sample and the extraction was further purified with fresh activated Florisil. Acetone was used as eluent. Eluent was concentrated with nitrogen and diluted to volume and filtrated. The chromatographic conditions were: Agilent XDB-C18(250mm×4.6mm) column at 40℃, MeOH/ CH3CN/H2O(10∶10∶80) as mobile phase, UV detector at 270nm. Detection limit of the method was 0.2μg/mL, linear range and linearly dependent coefficient were 0.2~5μg/mL and 0.9993 respectively, average recovery is 84.2%. The result showed that this method is easy to operate, with greatly shortened analytical time, greatly enhanced accuracy, and obviously improved separation results.


Presently,the super-steel material is one of the key research domains of material with characteristics of low cost,environment protection and excellent properties.Therefore,the wide use of super-steel material as the important structural material in the21st century can be achieved.The paper summarizes the direction and progress of super-steel material research in China and other countries,and makes analyzing evaluation of the main problems,current progress and development direction of the welding research of super-steel material.


Seborrhcea and baldness.?Sabouraud1 ha3. recently published bis researches into tbe relations between seborrhcea, alopecia areata, and baldness. This paper is fully reviewed by Wickham2 and others.3 His researches about tinea tonsurans showed that the difficulty in treatment lay in the inaccessibility of the root sheath, which prevents the cure of the disease without epilation of all the infected hairs. He therefore was led to investigate the origin of alopecia, since, if this disease ~was due to a micro-organism, which could be isolated, it might be possible to produce a temporary ̂ baldness by injecting the toxins of the special microorganism of alopecia. In favour of the microbial origin of alopecia it was noted that the disease always started from a central point, and that the baldness spread from this point by creeping in every direction along its circumference in the manner of a spot of oil on a fabric.


Reaction of syn-B18H22 with metabisulfite gives a good yield of the first single-sulfur macropolyhedral thiaborane, the [SB17H19]– anion, which exhibits the unusual arachno–nido two-borons-in-common cluster fusion mode.


The kinetics of radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate were investigated in a dioxane solution with cyclohexanone as initiator. It was found that the overall rate of reaction initiated with cyclohexanone (Rp) is proportional to the concentration of monomer and to the square root of the concentration of the initiator. The effect of temperature on the Rp in the temperature range of 65–95°C was discussed. The Arrhenius activation energy Ea estimated for the temperature range of 65–75°C was 137 kJ mol−1.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to encourage innovation in our thinking about future organisation effectiveness. It is premised on the argument that the neo-liberal context that has dominated much of our thinking over the last 40 years is under pressure, with increasing polarisation and questioning about globalisation, and concern over our neglect of ethics and the environment. This questioning of business and society, and the development of digitisation in particular, will impact the way we should study organisation effectiveness. Notions such as flexibility, talent and organisation agility are themselves embedded in this macro context and in need of revision.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper takes our notions of agility and resilience, and breaks them down into their related components of change. The notion of agility – defined as the capacity to respond, adapt quickly and thrive in the changing environment – can be captured through five key components of future focus, customer-collaboration, iteration, experimentation and empowerment. Such a notion of agility must come hand in hand with resilience, and its related concepts of involvement, shared purpose, renewal, learning, risk management, networks and engagement.

Findings
We are moving beyond a search for greater flexibility at greater speed, towards a search for organisational agility itself. The dominant model of focussing on "hard" output measures (such as productivity, financial results and shareholder value) and enablement through internal alignment is being brought into question, as is the role of the HR discipline. Definitions of organisation effectiveness will need a stronger focus on the "means" to a different set of "ends". The changes in the means are fundamental. Constructs such as agile structures will mean changes in work processes, structures, skills requirements, management practices, technological elements and cultural practices.

Practical implications
Despite many pressures for change, shareholder value thinking and related practices still appear to prevail. The traditional long-term employee value propositions that are derived from these practices are ill-matched with current employee desires for self-management of data, fair pay and opportunities for development, and more accessible styles of management and leadership. We should however expect different outcomes for the three different employee segments of elite and high-skilled employees, a squeezed middle of white collar and professional staff, and low-skilled workers.

Originality/value
The paper captures recent questioning about the role and purpose of business in the neo-liberal economy and uses it to highlight some of the tensions; consequently, this affects the way we think about organisation effectiveness. By deconstructing the discussion of concepts such as agility and resilience, it focusses the research and practice agenda on some of the necessary means that have recently been neglected in much of the organisational effectiveness literature.


Wavelet transforms are becoming increasingly important as an image processing technology. Their efficient implementation using commercially available VLSI technology is a subject of continuous study and development. This paper presents the implementation using modern Altera APEX20K field-programmable logic (FPL) devices of reduced complexity and high performance wavelet architectures by means of the residue number system (RNS). The improvement is achieved by reducing arithmetic operations to modulo operations executed in parallel over small word-length channels. The systems are based on index arithmetic over Galois fields and the key for attaining low-complexity and high-throughput is an adequate selection of a small word-width modulus set. These systems are programmable in the sense that their coefficients can be reprogrammed in order to make them more suitable for most of the applications. FPL-efficient converters are also developed and the overhead of the input and output conversion is assessed. The design of a reduced complexity ε-CRT converter makes the conversion overhead of this kind of systems be not important for their practical implementation. The proposed structures are compared to traditional systems using 2's complement arithmetic. With this and other innovations, the proposed architectures are about 65% faster than the 2's complement designs and require fewer logic elements in most cases.


In current practice architecture restructuring requires a high manual eort for understanding the existing system and the dention of a mapping of its elements to a target architecture. Our model-based architec- ture restructuring approach supports reengineers by semi-automating this task. This paper presents the rst results of an industrial case study with a large productive system.


The article provides information on how to optimise the shared storybook reading interactions
of children with little or no functional speech in order to facilitate their language development.
Information on the benefits of early literacy experiences and shared storybook reading are
reviewed as well as information on the shared storybook reading experiences of children who
use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) because they have little or no functional
speech. In addition, the article reviews the current research on the use of shared storybook
readings as a language intervention tool for children who use AAC. Finally, suggestions for
classroom implementation of shared storybook readings for children who use AAC are provided.


This paper summarizes a survey of current and emerging SHF/EHF integrated receiver component technologies examined for use by the Global Broadcast Service (GBS) receive terminals. In particular, it focuses on low noise block converters, amplifiers and transistors suitable for mobile and transportable terminal millimeterwave frontend applications. The paper primarily addresses SHF (3-30 GHz) technologies, although some examples in the EHF (30-300 GHz) range are included as well. First, brief descriptions of the GBS system and mission are presented, along with a description of the mobile receive terminal mission, to establish the context of the work. Next, receiver RF figures-of-merit and the low noise block (LNB) converter function will be outlined. Results of the technology survey follow, including selected examples of SHF/EHF low noise technology implementations. The paper concludes with comments on the outlook for extending mobile military terminal capabilities through technology insertion and the leveraging of advances made in the commercial arena.


We consider the hp-version of the discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for second-order partial differential equations with nonnegative characteristic form. This class of equations includes second--order elliptic and parabolic equations, first-order hyperbolic equations, as well as problems of mixed hyperbolic-elliptic-parabolic type. Our main concern is the error analysis of the method in the absence of streamline-diffusion stabilization. In the hyperbolic case, an hp-optimal error bound is derived. In the self-adjoint elliptic case, an error bound that is h-optimal and p-suboptimal by half a power of p is obtained. These estimates are then combined to deduce an error bound in the general case. For element-wise analytic solutions the method exhibits exponential rates of convergence under p-refinement. The theoretical results are illustrated by numerical experiments.


Efforts to improve the quality of nursing education in particular to support learners to become professional nurses require a learning process using clinical skills facilities. Practice Based Simulation Model is based on constructive learning theory which asserts that non-passive knowledge is transferred from the educator to learners, but constructed by learners through the processing of experience and interaction with their environment. With simulation methods in the laboratory can encourage students to use critical thinking in making decisions in overcoming problems without harming the actual patient. This study aims to analyze the influence of practice based simulation model on critical thinking in semester VI students in FIK Unissula Semarang. Methods using Quasy Experiment method with pretest posttest approach with control group design. Sampling with simple random sampling technique with 21 respondents both intervention group and control group. Data analysis using Paired T-Test and Independent Samples T-Test. The result of the research showed that the difference of critical thinking in the intervention group was 11.95 points and in the control group 2.05. Statistical Test using Independent Samples T-Test for critical thinking found Practice Based Simulation Model affects critical thinking of students with p = 0.00 <0.05. It was Hal: 23-32 Terapi Relaksasi Genggam Jari Terhadap Penurunan Ni 17


FIELD: radars. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to radars and can be used for processing signals when detecting stealth targets in ground and space forward-scattering radar systems (RS). Simplified design of antenna feeder units and reduced weight and dimensions is achieved due to that different antennae are not required for reception of direct and scattered signals, neither multi-frequency transceiving modules, nor high-sensitive receivers. Higher stealthiness of the proposed forward-scattering RS is achieved by using as the sounding continuous signal the one with digital modulation, the width of spectrum of which considerably exceeds the range of possible Doppler frequency shifts when reflecting from detected targets. To achieve the specified technical result in a device containing a transmitting position of a transmitter and an antenna, a receiving position, which includes a receiving antenna, N receivers, N units for measuring the Doppler frequency with connected outputs to N inputs of the unit for determining bearing, the output of which is the output of the device, there is at the receiving position between each receiver and the unit for measuring the Doppler frequency a signals processing device including series-connected: a demodulator, a coherent accumulator, a direct signal generator and a subtractor, as well as a delay line, the input of which is connected to the output of the receiver, and the output – to the second input of the subtractor, herewith the transmitting position is located in space, emits a continuous signal with digital modulation and generates one "wide" beam covering the entire zone of scanning, and on the ground receiving position there are N partial beams. EFFECT: technical result of the proposed invention is reduction of cost of a ground and space forward-scattering RS as a whole not requiring launching new satellites while simplifying the design of antenna feeder units, reducing weight and overall dimensions and the increase of the forward-scattering RS stealthiness. 1 cl, 4 dwg


Background:Post tubercular impairment can manifest as obstructive airway disease, mixed defect, or as pure restrictive defect. It is important to identify patients with pulmonary function deterioration after the completion of pulmonary TB treatment. Present study was conducted to investigate the trends of the changes in pulmonary function in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis after the completion of treatment. Materials & Methods: 48 cured pulmonary tuberculosis patients who has taken full course of anti-tubercular therapy (age ranges between 18-60 years) were included. Patients presented to department with complain of dyspnea/cough. Spirometry was done. Results:Obstructive impairment was seen commonly in 56.25% with mild to moderate degree of obstruction. Conclusion:All 3 types of pulmonary function impairment seen in the study group that indicates dyspnea in a cured pulmonary TB patient can be caused by any type. Obstructive defect was seen more commonly than other types. Presence of minimal lesions was also an independent risk factor for airflow obstruction.


tions, went on as busily in Nazi Germany as elsewhere, and salutory to read how academic freedom, which enshrines the right of peer groups to determine what is acceptable, can silence innovation as effectively as when liberty and constraint are at the whim of government pronouncements; just as Garcia and his friends, gagged by hostile referees, confined their most trenchant criticisms of learning theory to the comparative privacy of 'transcripts of informal, spontaneous discussions' (p. 82), so Vygotskii followed Stalin's decree of the 1920s that 'the most sensitive issues should be thrashed out within a small circle of wise initiates' (p. 202). Chapters on Piaget and Freud (victorious heroes of an older stamp) concentrate more on shortcomings than struggles. Fernando Vidal shows how Piaget's early rejection of the separation of faith and science, characteristic of his liberal Protestant background, led to a search for rapprochement which continued to inform his mature psychological thought. Fascinating, but hardly 'disturbing' (as Woodward finds it in his concluding chapter) even if Piaget's immanentism 'becomes the identification of God with universal norms of reason' (p. 305). This is only history, after all! Hoffman's chapter on Freud's social thought, based on published writings, presents him as a reactionary who believed that if civilization is to be preserved the masses must be restrained by strong authority and tradition. Another chapter (Christiane Hartnack's 'British Psychoanalysts in Colonial India'), shows these beliefs bolstering up imperialism, through the egregious writings of Berkeley-Hill and Daly, 'symbolically disarming [revolutionariesj by psychoanalytical stigmatization' (p. 247). But Freud may have been gloomier and more ambivalent than Hoffman allows. For he sometimes questioned (as her own quote on p. 263 shows) whether civilization deserved to be preserved. What can be concluded about current historiography of psychology from this representative collection? Most chapters contain monographic detail rather than panoramic surveys, and they avoid the Whiggish tendency to treat shifts towards the present as inexorable. Yet many are presentist, and rightly so, since interpreting the texts of Vygotskii, Piaget, Freud, Brunswik, and the Buhlers is part of psychology, not just history. There is little systematic theory, except in a chapter by Danziger, which more than compensates for the lack elsewhere. It reports part of his enquiry into the 'underlying practices that generate the surface appearance [and] mediate between the social context and the cognitive content of the discipline'(p. 14). He traces how the use of group data, an investigative practice aiming at the distribution of psychological characteristics, rather than the analysis of individual minds, increased rapidly in the States (and more slowly in Germany) following its introduction at the beginning of the century. He relates this to the kind of knowledge demanded, and the social context underlying this demand. Danziger is carefully elaborating an important theory, and his work will have wide repercussions.


The string quantum kernel is normally written as a functional sum over the string coordinates and the world--sheet metrics. As an alternative to this quantum field--inspired approach, we study the closed bosonic string propagation amplitude in the functional space of loop configurations. This functional theory is based entirely on the Jacobi variational formulation of quantum mechanics, {\it without the use of a lattice approximation}. The corresponding Feynman path integral is weighed by a string action which is a {\it reparametrization invariant} version of the Schild action. We show that this path integral formulation is equivalent to a functional ``Schrodinger'' equation defined in loop--space. Finally, for a free string, we show that the path integral and the functional wave equation are {\it exactly } solvable.


The lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films on the cobalt ferrite dense ceramics were prepared by a sol–gel method. In the composite structure, no interface reaction is detected due to the low-temperature sintering of the PZT film. The superior dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of the composite with a large magnetoelectric coefficient are obtained. The in-plane magnetoelectric coupling coefficient is 58 mV/(cm·Oe).


Evaluation of Function and Comfortability of Dewa Ruci Traffic Island on Bypass Ngurah Rai Street in Badung Regency. The traffic island is part of an elevated crossroads with curbstone. The main function of the traffic island is as a traffic control and pedestrian safety when crossing. Aesthetically, traffic island has additional function as a landmark and beautification. The Dewa Ruci's traffic island (TIDR) in Badung Regency recently was redesigned for more attractive aesthetical city purpose that has caused activity and traffic violations. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate its function and comfort. The research method used was a survey method with data collection techniques through observation, site documentation, interviews related parties, questionnaires, and literature study. The analysis results showed that the primary function of TIDR which were for traffic control and pedestrian safety were 74,3% and 62,3%, respectively. Its illegal function which was a park area has the highest value (87%). This result also found there were three comfort variables which was low; circulation (50,9%), safety (59,7%), and thermal. Maintenance and management improvement, safety street furniture addition, and rearrangement of pedestrian paths in TIDR were recommended to improve the TIDR comfort.


Tom Lathrop, ed. and trans. Don Quixote. By Miguel de Cervantes. New York: Signet, 2011. xxxi + 1040. ISBN: 978-0-451-53181-0. TOM LATHROP, EDITOR OF THE QUIJOTE Commenting on the copy of Ariosto's Orlando Furioso found in Don Quixote's library, the priest tells the barber, "if I find him here speaking a language that's not his own, I'll show him no respect, but if he's in his original language, I'll put the book on top of my head" (1.4:53). He goes on to criticize Captain Jeronimo Jimenez de Urrea's Spanish translation of the Italian masterpiece and generally laments the depreciation of literary quality that is inevitably a result of the translation process. The priest is, of course, unaware of the irony of the fact that his words are presented here to the reader in translation; a mere approximation to the original according to his own assessment. Furthermore, this is only the most superficial level of translation within a book whose fictional linguistic conversions are quite numerous (though dwarfed by the sheer quantity found in the real world). Let us not forget Cide Hamete Benegeli and the Arabic-speaking intermediary who deciphers the "original" for one of the many Hispanic narrative voices. (1) If the issue of translation were not already complicated and murky enough regarding this text, this edition offers yet another variable to the equation: the tireless efforts of its editor, Tom Lathrop, to present the text of Don Quixote in its most pristine form. This noble cause may at first glance appear to conflict with the very nature of translation itself. If the goal is preservation, then this is perhaps the polar opposite: alteration. Yet, the reader of this translation is privy to an edition whose thoroughness and rigor excuse the interloping language's presence. Throughout his career Tom Lathrop has frequently and fervently argued against the "correcting" that over more than four centuries has transformed some versions of Cervantes's novel into a very different book. This desire to present Don Quixote, "errors" and all, springs from his belief that these so-called mistakes are instead carefully placed rhetorical ploys. The introduction to this edition trenchantly explains this interpretation of the ever-so-present "discordancias cervantinas" (to borrow a phrase from Julio Baena's well-known title). Some may differ in opinion with regard to the extent of Cervantes's intentional use of "mistakes," but none can deny that Lathrop has done his readers a great service. His detailed notes not only elucidate some of the trickier passages--even when translated--but also mark the evolution of this text from the most "original" copies to the more widespread editions. Perhaps my personal favorite feature of this edition is the fairly direct style of translation. It appears that Lathrop was able to resist the temptation to play with the language in the name of style--an all too common pitfall. Surprisingly, this stoic resolve does not diminish the readability of the novel. I am particularly struck by the metamorphosis of the bad Castilian spoken by the angry Basque into the bad English that appears on the page. …


The s-process nucleosynthesis during the core helium burning phase of massive stars is investigated for various values of the initial metallicity (Z). Models of stars of masses 15, 20 and 30 M ⊙ with 10 -8 ≤ Z ≤ 0.02 are calculated from the zero-age main seqence (ZAMS) to the end of core helium burning. An updated nuclear reaction network coupled to the stellar evolution code is used to follow the s-process nucleosynthesis


Years of improvement in sexual and reproductive health could be reversed unless the bureaucratic, financial, and training barriers facing GPs and their teams are removed, the Royal College of General Practitioners has warned.

The difficulties faced by general practice teams were shown in a consultation of the RCGP membership, carried out by the college for a council paper not yet published, the college's chair, Helen Stokes-Lampard, said in a speech on …