Portable water quality monitoring system was a developed system that tested varied samples of water by using different sensors and provided the specific readings to the user via short message service (SMS) based on the conditions of the water itself. In this water quality monitoring system, the processing part was based on a microcontroller instead of Lead and Copper Rule (LCR) machines to receive the results. By using four main sensors, this system obtained the readings based on the detection of the sensors, respectively. Therefore, users can receive the readings through SMS because there was a connection between Arduino Uno and GSM Module. This system was designed to be portable so that it would be convenient for users to carry it anywhere and everywhere they wanted to since the processor used is smaller in size compared to the LCR machines. It was also developed to ease the user to monitor and control the water quality. However, the ranges of the sensors' detection still a limitation in this study.


A nonlinear anisotropic continuum framework for describing the thermoelastic-plastic response of single crystals shocked along arbitrary orientations has been developed. Our modeling approach incorporates nonlinear elasticity, crystal plasticity, and thermodynamic consistency within an incremental tensor formulation. Crystal plasticity was incorporated by considering dislocation motion along specified slip planes. The theoretical developments presented here are sufficiently general to also accommodate other types of inelastic deformation mechanisms. As representative applications of the theoretical developments, numerical simulations of shock wave propagation in lithium fluoride (LiF) and copper single crystals are presented and compared to wave profile data for several crystal orientations. Simulations of shock wave propagation along low-symmetry directions, where data are not available, are also presented to examine the propagation of quasilongitudinal and quasishear waves in crystals undergoing elastic...


for the most part made of fibrous molecules has undoubtedly been one of the major factors contributing to the present activity in the field of synthetic fibers. Considering the great variety of natural and synthetic polymeric molecules which are potential fiber-formers, it does not appear likely that this activity will diminish in the near future. One group of such molecules that has excited much interest recently from the point of view of fiber production is found in the proteins. Thus, fibers have been spun from such proteins as casein, soya bean, peanut, zein, collagen, chicken-feather keratin, egg albumin, gliadin, blood serum, etc., and at least several are being produced commercially [5, 22]. These fibers, like the early cellulosic rayons, have somewhat low wet strengths and this, among other factors, has given rise to speculation concerning the possible place of such fibers in future textile economy. The answer to such questions must be sought in considerations of the important properties of textile fibers and the dependence of these properties on the structure of the fiber molecules.


This paper reports on state‐of‐the‐art power‐frequency‐normalized phase noise of 21 dB, obtained from a CMOS‐integrated LC oscillator with a measured phase noise of −112 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz from the 5.3‐GHz center frequency and with power consumption of 15 mW. The excellent performance of the oscillator is attributed to the careful selection of the oscillator‐circuit parameters, which determined using the genetic algorithm. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 120–124, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20226


In this paper we have solved Linear Volterra Integral Equations (LVIE), System of Linear Volterra Integral Equation (SLVIE) and non Linear Volterra Integral Equation (NLVIE) using variational Iteration Method (VIM). VIM is a powerful tool to solve the differential equations as well as integral equations. VIM gives consecutive approximations which converge rapidly to the exact solution in the given domain for the given initial condition, if it exists, without any transformation or any restrictive assumptions to non linear terms, which may change the physical behaviour of the problem, otherwise few approximations are enough only for numerical purposes. To exhibit the ability, accuracy and reliability of the method we have provided two problems of Linear Volterra Integral Equations, one problem of system of Linear Volterra Integral Equation and one problem of Non Linear Volterra Integral Equation. The study highlights the heaviness of the method.


A bibliography of band scores owned by Staley Library from the "Teaching Music through Performance in Band" series of books. Grade 2-level band scores from Teaching Music through Performance in Band


The genomic DNA methylation tends to repress gene expression while demethylation or hypomethylation activates the gene expression.But the transcription activity of the genes expressings during the differentiation of embryonic stem cells(ESCs)to somatic cells does not bear a positive relation with the methylation level of the genomic DNA.Therefore,the methylation in gene transcription is a complicated process.At present,studies on the functions of methylation mainly focus on selective gene transcription,change of the affinity between transcription factors and their targeting genes,synergism between DNA methylation and histone modification,and the time-specificity of gene expression.


Naguib Mahfouz (1911-2006) a prominent novelist of the Egypt and 1988 Nobel Prize winner for literature. He occupies an eminent place in the development of Arabic novel. He is the first literary Nobel Prize winner with Arabic as his native tongue.This article sheds light on the works of the Nobel Laureate Naguib Mahfouz Keywords: Nobel Prize, Naguib Mahfouz, Short Stories, Novels, Egypt, Modern Arabic Literature.


E.ON Ruhrgas is Germany's leading gas company and the largest natural gas importer in Europe. It has a total gas send out of 640 billion kilowatt hours and operates a high-pressure gas transmission system totalling some 11,200 km of pipeline. This pipeline system covers the whole of Germany, providing the central link in the integrated European natural gas grid. Being the owner of such pipeline system, E.ON Ruhrgas is also responsible for monitoring the system as required by law. This is done by way of walking or mobile surveys or aerial inspections of the pipeline corridors by helicopters. While surveillance by air is the best way of preventing thirdparty interference and detecting gas-induced discolouring of the vegetation in the open country, pipelines below sealed surfaces in built-up areas can, with conventional technology, only be inspected by walking surveys involving the use of mobile gas detectors. While these inspections ensure a high level of safety for pipeline operation, they are also very expensive. Innovative technologies provide the key to making pipeline operations more efficient. This is why E.ON Ruhrgas teamed up with other European gas companies and technology experts to develop novel remote monitoring systems which can be employed to check natural gas pipelines. The format of this paper is to provide results of the two major projects CHARM (CH4 Airborne Remote Monitoring) and PRESENSE (Pipeline REmote SENsing for Safety and the Environment).


The article is devoted to the classification and analysis of the German-language translations of Lina Kostenko's poems based on the material of the lyrical collection "And again the prologue" translated by Alois Woldan. The article introduces the theoretical foundations of poetry translation as a separate type of literary translation, examines its genre-specific features, and analyses the features of the modern Ukrainian poetry and the author's style of Lina Kostenko, which jointly form the basis for further comparison of the original example and the translation. The paper shows the main difficulties that Alois Voldan faced interpreting the poems, describes the ways of overcoming them and offers a qualitative assessment of the translation.

The lexical and stylistic analysis showed the wide usage of the poetic instruments in his works of pictorial and expressive language as well as aphorisms. However, to preserve the idea and reproduce the ideological motives, Alois Voldan avoided literal translation and resorted to the descriptive translation of these linguistic means. When translating lexical tautologies, which are widely inherent in Lina Kostenko's poetics, the translator replaced lexical units, graphic signs, sentence structure and transferred repetitions from one line to another to preserve emotionality and expressiveness in lyric poems. When we look closely at the grammatical level of translation, there are replacements of grammatical constructions and parts of speech. We also recognize the addition of new parts of speech that are missing in the original poem. The reason for such transformations was the differences in the grammatical structures of the German and Ukrainian languages, and the translation strategies used to preserve the rhythmic and melodic pattern of the poems. A special place is given to the characteristics because of the national specificity of poetry and the translation of its semantic equivalent. That is, the reason why the translation is used primarily for intercultural communication, and the translator, in this case, is an intercultural mediator. But Alois Voldan managed to convey the thematic orientation of the poems and the Ukrainian colour.


Maternal diabetes influences fetal pancreas development. As there are some controversial reports, we studied the morphometric changes of the fetal insular pancreas and insulin immunostain of beta cells as well as the proliferative activity of insular cells in 21‐day‐old fetuses from control, diabetic, and insulin‐treated diabetic pregnant rats.


Introduction The journal club is widely used in most postgraduate programs of medical institutes; however, the use of journal clubs in undergraduate medical programs is nearly absent or very rare. Aim The aim of this work is to document the insertion of the journal club as a method for learning in the undergraduate starting with the endocrinology/endocrine surgery module to be fully implemented in all modules of the MBBS of FMBU. In addition, the study aimed to outline the steps of designing a journal club by following specific procedures and Identification of students' and faculty satisfaction through 5-years implementation of the journal club. Material and Methods A total of 453 students representing the five consecutive batches of medical students from 2019 to 2023 who studied the endocrinology/endocrine surgery module were entered into the study. Following guidelines for implementation of the journal clubs that were adopted by the quality and accreditation committee, the faculty select the types of papers from the articles chosen by students. The papers discussed were case reports, original research, and review articles. The students were asked to formulate critical appraisal topics, PICO, for each paper. A 20-question test was applied to all participants. The students' attendance, scores, and students/faculty satisfaction were estimated. Results A total of 50 papers were discussed in the 5-year journal club 15 case reports (30%), 26 original research (52%), and 9 review articles (18%). The student's attendance ranged from 72.53±3.74 to 98.07±3.15. The students and faculty's satisfaction were 3.52 and 3.82 respectively. The mean Students' score in A 20-question test in a 5-year journal club was 76.93 ± 9.78 and the lowest score was in the 2nd batch (online batch). Conclusion The insertion of a well-structured journal club in the undergraduate medical program is necessary to improve the knowledge including knowledge among students. In addition, journal clubs inspire students to be lifelong learners.


The problem of oil leakage into the generator often occurs during the starting process of 1# unit in Huilai Power Plant.However,the phenomenon will disappear when the unit is in operation.Through comprehensive theoretical analysis and experiments,this essay finds out the causes and gives relevant solutions to secure and economical operation of the unit.


Unifying the characteristic of wireless sensor network,and using the localization and communication functions of the China Beidou localization system,a new ant colony route optimimize algorithm based on the geographical position information was proposed.The orientation factor and the transfer of routing information between clusters were obtained by the algorithm to reduce the search blindness and improve the routing efficiency.Simulation results indicate that the algorithm has good performances in improving convergence speed,reducing sent amount of control package and saving energy spending.


For the past fifty years, British foreign policy has attempted to act as a 'bridge' between the continental European governments and US administrators. The end of the Cold War did not change this stance. First by John Major and more significantly by Tony Blair, British Prime Ministers continued to declare Britain's intent to remain 'at the heart of Europe' while also maintaining its 'special relationship' with the US. The period from September 11th 2001 to the invasion of Iraq, however, has severely shaken this concept as the British government has given its strong support to American policy. The argument of this chapter is that Prime Minister Blair's firm support came more from his personal conviction that Saddam Hussein's regime was a threat to global security than from his commitment to transatlantic cooperation under all circumstances. His support also resulted from the British preference for seeking influence within Washington through offering public support while moderating the direction of American policy through private criticism. Blair's double commitment to Europe and America, however, has created a diplomatic dilemma by deepening the level of distrust among its European partners about Britain's real intentions in the EU while also leaving its foreign policy success dependent on Washington's willingness to work with its NATO partners.


The family is the most important primary group in a society. It is the simplest and the most elementary form of society. The family is profoundly important to the developmental, emotional and cognitive growth of a child. Personality is defined as the characteristic set of behaviors, cognitions, and emotional patterns that evolve from biological and environmental factors. A pair of 200 twins in the age group of 3-6 years from five cultural zones of state Haryana was taken. Two variables were taken for the study. Family type was taken as independent variable and personality was taken as dependent variable. A Five Factor Personality Questionnaire (Cathy, 2011) was used for assessing the personality traits of preschool twins. Results revealed that personality was not significant related to family type of child in Bagar ( 2 =0.21), Nardak ( 2 =2.63), Khadar ( 2 =1.09), Mewat ( 2 =1.61) and Ahirwal ( 2 =1.21) zones. K e y w o r d s


Pharmacopeia is the national statutory medication guide, rich in content, but the structure is complicated. Pharmacopeia learning system based on traditional resources are limited time, place, and therefore learning is inconvenient. The purpose of this paper is to develop the smart learning system possible for learner-centered, self- directed and interaction-oriented by using BYOD of learners. The developed system is configured with application for Android-based smart phone or tablet PC and application for Data Storage on web server. And using SOAP technology, Android device communicated with WEB platform. Smart learning system is designed to contain basic adaptive learning system and advanced adaptive learning system. Moreover, the system has overcome obstacle in pharmacopoeia learning which described above by providing various retrieval methods. Index Terms - Android platform, Smart learning system, Chinese Pharmacopoeia (CPH), SOAP


Understanding the timing of adoption conditional on a quality signal is critically important for both managers and regulators. Facing uncertainty about true product quality, potential adopters typi...


In this paper, different sufficient conditions for exact controllability of semilinear systems with a single constant point delay in control are established in infinite dimensional space. The existence and uniqueness of mild solution is also proved under suitable assumptions. In particular, local Lipschitz continuity of a nonlinear function is used. To illustrate the developed theory some examples are given.


The significant change in the consumption pattern of Indonesia's modernising society––further intensified by the Indonesian Government's plan to push towards the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, has fostered the need for manufacturing companies to create newly automated processes and make the transition to become a digitalised business entity. Enterprise Resource Planning is a software that enables the creation of integration and automation of business processes between various departments within a company, thus creating an effective business strategy. The data that has been acquired from research at a poultry processing company are then being mapped into the ERP software of Odoo V12.0, therefore creating new sets of re-engineered business processes. There are seven newly proposed reengineering business processes––in which only concentrate on the production and technical department within the particular company, by utilising the manufacturing and maintenance modules. The re-engineered business processes are assessed using the Technology Acceptance Model theory, to measure its usability and practicality, which generates the score of Likert's interpretation above the accepted standard of 1340 and 1227, for both the manufacturing and maintenance modules respectively.
 Keywords: Business Process Reengineering, Enterprise Resource Planning, Manufacturing Process, Odoo, Technology Acceptance Model.


We compared the broadband colors of different simulated galaxies with ∼ 10 luminous red galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to obtain constraints for the possible star formation histories of this type of galaxies. The simulation was done using the GALAXEV evolutionary stellar population synthesis code. Our results are consistent with these objects having solar metallicities, having formed 11 Gyr before present and evolving passively, without significant star formation since then.


Deep Learning models, based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture, have proven to be useful and effective in many image processing tasks, and have recently been shown to be effective for image Super-Resolution (SR). Common trends in SR improve the quality of the reconstructed image by increasing the depth and complexity of the CNN model. While this approach produces superior performance in objective image quality metrics (IQA), such as Peak-Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity (SSIM) index, having the number of parameters in the order of millions sacrifices the practicality of model deployment. This is especially true for applications that require real-time processing, such as online conferencing. In this paper, a CNN-based SR model architecture that integrates an attention mechanism while maintaining low complexity is proposed. The number of parameters of the model is reduced by adopting depthwise-separable convolution (DSC) throughout the model. Multiply-accumulate operations (MACs) are reduced by adopting a late upsampling scheme to operate only on low-dimensional features maps. Experimental results show that the proposed model architecture has better performance in terms of objective IQA metrics, such as PSNR and SSIM, and subjective IQA. This improved performance is achieved at a reduced complexity. We also showcase the scalability of the proposed CNN architecture by increasing the model complexity slightly to gain better desired performance.


The application of series insulated gate bipolar transistors(ICBTs) stack is the most direct way to improve the voltage withstand of power electronics equipment,but the short circuit of voltage source converter(VSC) 's bridge may be caused when the RCD active control circuit used in the VSC modulated by five step space vector pulse width modulation(SVPWM).The short circuit mechanism of VSC is analyzed when the clamping voltage provided to the voltage balancing processing is surged,and the existence of short circuit in VSC's bridge is verifid by experiment,the results show that series ICBTs stack based on RCD active gate control circuit cannot be used in VSC with five step SVPWM.


The life and work of dancer Eugenia Borisenko as Jia Ruskaja, founder of the National Academy of Dance in Rome


Restricting pre-anthesis water use is an important adaptation mechanism to post-anthesis drought stress of sorghum. The aim of this paper was to identify crop physiological processes associated with known differences in drought adaptation among a range of sorghum hybrids. Plants were grown in large containers in five semi-controlled experiments under either well-watered conditions (anthesis harvest) or post-anthesis drought (maturity harvest) and in an irrigated field experiment at two plant densities, all in south-east Queensland. Observations included leaf area dynamics, tillering, transpiration, transpiration efficiency (TE), biomass, and grain yield. Under low plant density, adapted hybrids restricted pre-anthesis plant size, either through early anthesis or reduced tillering. As hybrids did not differ in TE, smaller plant size reduced pre-anthesis water use. This enabled maintenance of grain number and hence grain yield under drought. Reduced tillering was attained likely through vigourous main shoot growth in response to high leaf appearance rate (LAR). However, this mechanism of drought adaptation may be less effective in environments with high temperatures early in the season, where high LAR caused a disproportionate increase in leaf number and genotypic differences in tillering were small. In environments where tillering is suppressed, differences in dry mass partitioning among organs within an axis may be an alternative mechanism to drought adaptation. Linking these crop physiological causes of genotype-by-environment interactions for grain yield under drought to underpinning QTLs could provide useful tools for crop improvement programs to exploit specific adaptation to drought.


Silver diffusion in superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) has been studied over the temperature range 500–800 °C by x-ray diffraction measurements. The diffusion coefficient of Ag in YBCO was determined from the observed increase (0.12%) in the lattice parameter c as compared with the undoped sample. It was shown that the diffusion coefficient of Ag in the temperature range 500–800 °C changed from 1 × 10−10 to 5 × 10−9 cm2 s−1 with an activation energy of about 1.06 eV. For the Ag-doped sample, the critical transition temperature and the critical current density were increased from 90 to 92.5 K and from 60 to 98 A cm−2 respectively in comparison with those of undoped YBCO. The possible reasons for the observed increases in Tc and Jc due to Ag diffusion were discussed.


In this paper, we demonstrate that standard central limit theorem (CLT) results do not hold for means of non‐parametric, conditional efficiency estimators, and we provide new CLTs that permit applied researchers to make valid inference about mean conditional efficiency or to compare mean efficiency across groups of producers. The new CLTs are used to develop a test of the restrictive 'separability' condition that is necessary for second‐stage regressions of efficiency estimates on environmental variables. We show that if this condition is violated, not only are second‐stage regressions difficult to interpret and perhaps meaningless, but also first‐stage, unconditional efficiency estimates are misleading. As such, the test developed here is of fundamental importance to applied researchers using non‐parametric methods for efficiency estimation. The test is shown to be consistent and its local power is examined. Our simulation results indicate that our tests perform well both in terms of size and power. We provide a real‐world empirical example by re‐examining the paper by Aly et al. (1990, Review of Economics and Statistics 72, 211–18) and rejecting the separability assumption implicitly assumed by Aly et al., calling into question results that appear in hundreds of papers that have been published in recent years.


Spcl algorithm introduces a unified contrast loss function with the help of mixed memory model, combined with adaptive clustering screening criteria, and achieves the best results of cross-domain pedestrian re-identification task. However, the algorithm ignores many basic problems in pedestrian re-identification task, which limits the performance of the algorithm. In this work, the algorithm is improved in all aspects, and we call the improved algorithm spcl++. Experiments show that spcl++ performs much better than spcl in pedestrian re-identification task, and achieves the best results in current cross-domain pedestrian re-identification task.


Thank you for downloading the image of abstraction. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their chosen books like this the image of abstraction, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious bugs inside their laptop. the image of abstraction is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our digital library saves in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the the image of abstraction is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Key Points Improving dialysis adherence was a strategic objective of many providers in the Comprehensive ESRD Care (CEC) Model. We assessed adherence using the percent of treatments received as-scheduled rate and likelihood a skipped treatment was rescheduled. Adherence was improved among patients aligned to the CEC Model relative to the matched comparison group, but the effect magnitudes were modest. Visual Abstract Background Poor adherence to scheduled dialysis treatments is common and can cause adverse clinical and economic outcomes. In 2015, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation launched the Comprehensive ESRD Care (CEC) Model, a novel modification of the Accountable Care Organization framework. Many model participants reported efforts to increase dialysis adherence and promptly reschedule missed treatments. Methods With Medicare databases covering 2014–2019, we used difference-in-differences models to compare treatment adherence among patients aligned to 1037 CEC facilities relative to those aligned to matched comparison facilities, while accounting for their differences at baseline. Using dates of service, we identified patients who typically received three weekly treatments and the days when treatments typically occurred. Skipped treatments were defined as days when the patient was not hospitalized but did not receive an expected treatment, and rescheduled treatments as days when a patient who had skipped their previous treatment received an additional treatment before their next expected treatment date. Results Patients in the CEC Model had higher odds of attending as-scheduled sessions relative to the comparison group, although the effect was only marginally significant (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.04, P=0.08). Effects were stronger among females (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.06, P=0.06) than males (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.04, P=0.49), and among those aged <70 years (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.05, P=0.04) than those aged ≥70 years (OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.04, P=0.96). The CEC was associated with higher odds of rescheduled sessions (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.14, P<0.001). Effects were significant for both sexes, but were larger among males (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.18, P<0.001) than females (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.13, P=0.01), and effects were significant among those <70 years (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.17, P<0.001), but not those ≥70 years (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.07, P=0.80). Conclusions The CEC Model is intended to incentivize strategies to prevent costly interventions. Because poor dialysis adherence may precipitate hospitalizations or other adverse events, many CEC Model participants encouraged adherence and promptly rescheduled missed treatments as strategic priorities. This study suggests these efforts were a success, although the absolute magnitudes of the effects were modest.


With the increasing growth in VoIP services and applications in recent years, the problem of achieving a reliable two-way authentication between the server and the client has emerged as a fundamental concern. VoIP communications are generally handled using the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). However, SIP does not support two-way authentication and has poor terminal mobility capabilities. Accordingly, this study proposes a Kerberos-based architecture for accomplishing a single sign-on functionality and mutual authentication capability in VoIP SIP environments.


Two issues in the writing of multiple-choice test items were investigated: a comparison of three versus four options; and the use of the inclusive "none of these" option versus a content option. Subjects were 2''0 introductory psychology students, who were enrolled at a large southwestern university, responding to a final examination in psychology composed of 48 items. Each item was written in four versions: (1) four options without "none of these"; (2) four options with "none of these"; (3) three options without "neither of these"; and (4) three options with "neither of these". Item analysis and test analysis comparirl the manipulated item versions were conducted using item response tneory. The three-option format was found to be less difficult than the four-option format, and the use of the "none of these" option resulted in more difficult items. There was no difference in discrimination between threeand four-option formats, a possible argument in favor of a three-option format. However, the study did indicate observed differences in the reliability favoring the four-option format. (SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ****************.*********,:********************************************* U S DEPARTM.NT OF EDUCATION Office of Educat.Onal Research and improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERICt 1(us document has been reproduced as receved from the person or organorahon orrgmahng rt C Minot changes have been made to improve moroductron Ovally Points of ,new ot op. mons Slatedin tn.S doCu. trent do not neceSsar4 represent otboal OE RI potgon or policy "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY )-(mt). eice,o9A) TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." An Investigation of the Optimal Number of Options and the Inclusive "None of These" Option Kevin D. Crehan University of Nevada, Las Vegas Thomas M. Haladyna Arizona State University West Campus Britton Brewer Arizona Ptate University


We isolated tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV-KP) from a diseased Capsicum annuum var. grossum with malformed leaves and necrotic spotted fruits. TSWV-KP produced necrosis or necrotic ring spots on inoculated leaves along with mosaic, vein necrosis, or death on the upper leaves on Datura stramonium , Nicotiana clevarandii , N. rustica , and N. tabacum cvs. Ultrastructurally, typical tospovirus particles were observed in the cytoplasm. The virion contained three molecules of genomic RNAs of approximately 9.0, 4.9, and 3.0 kb. The nucleocapsid (N) protein of the purified virion migrated as a single band with ~29 kDa molecular weight in SDS-PAGE. Complete nucleotide sequences of the large (L) genome segments of TSWV-KP were determined. Defective forms of L-RNA containing core polymerase regions were observed. L-RNA (8,917 nucleotides) contained a single open reading frame (ORF) in the viral complementary (vc) strand and encoded a 330-kDa protein. The L-protein had high identity in the "core-polymerase domain" with the corresponding regions of other tospoviruses. The complete nucleotide sequence of TSWV-KP medium-sized (M) RNA comprised 4,768 nucleotides and indicated a typical tospovirus with two genes in ambisense arrangement. The vRNA OFR coded for a potential cell-to-cell movement (NSm) 34.8-kDa protein; and the vcRNA ORF, for the viral glycoprotein (G1/G2) 128.0-kDa precursor. Multiple sequence alignment of the M-RNA showed highest homologies to TSWV-BR01. Amino acid sequences of TSWV-KP NSm and G1/G2 exhibited 48.7–85.3% and 34.9–96.2% identity, respectively. TSWV-KP small (S) RNA comprised 2,991 nucleotides with ambisense coding strategy. The sequence contained two ORFs—one in the viral sense, encoding a protein with predicted 52.4-kDa Mr; and another in the viral complementary sense, encoding the viral nucleocapsid protein of 28.8-kDa Mr. Amino acid sequences of TSWV-KP of S-RNA NSs and N exhibited 35.9–87.9% and 19.9–98.4% identity, respectively.


Purpose: the main purpose of this article is to present and develop a cyclic approach in the theory of innovation. This section of economic theory is based on the understanding of the innovation process as a dynamic system that develops (depending on the type of innovation) within the medium or long-term cycle. The cyclic approach has an insufficiently studied subject of research. In theoretical and practical aspects, this approach is very poorly developed, despite its prospects for this method. The application of the cyclic approach in the practical sphere will increase the effectiveness of activities planning in the field of the state innovation policy, as well as increase the efficiency of the state resources using.Methods: a set of methods of theoretical research is used, including: logical, system and abstract methods, as well as specific scientific (special) research methods. Based on the study of a wide range of scientific literature, as well as statistical and factual information on innovative issues, models (modeling method) were drawn up, which were graphically fixed in the figures illustrating the main provisions of the article.Results: this article develops the cyclic approach to the innovations study, proposed in the works of foreign and domestic scientists. The article describes and presents a scientific method of innovative processes management, called "triad of innovative and transformative activity". The article also contains a brief overview of the cyclic method development in the works of domestic and foreign researchers, giving a general idea of the elaboration degree of the scientific question.Conclusions and Relevance: the analysis of the main theories and concepts in the field of innovation, gives reason to argue that scientific views on the implementation of the innovation process contain a serious omission. It consists in the fact that it does not take into account the influence of cyclical conditions of various medium-term cycle phases or long-term cycle stages. In practice, this leads to asynchronous processes that prevent the effective innovation activities.


GaN films grown on (111) Si substrate with different lattice parameters of the AlN buffer layer by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition are studied. The stress states obtained by different test methods are compared and it is found that the lattice parameter of the AlN buffer layer may have a significant effect on the stress state in the initial stage of subsequent GaN film growth. A larger compressive stress is beneficial to improved surface morphology and crystal quality of GaN film. The results of further orthogonal experiments show that an important factor affecting the lattice parameter is the growth rate of the AlN buffer layer. This work may be helpful for realizing simple GaN-on-Si structures and thus reducing the costs of growth processes.


In article problems of formation and development of social competence of teenagers are consecrated. Performence by pupils of socially significant projects has allowed to build system of the relations connecting different generations, cultural traditions, and visually to show the importance of dialogue in transfers of welfare experience. The dialogue organised by the teacher promoted mutual understanding and cooperation, judgement of the importance of universal values in a life of each person. As an example the analysis of performance by teenagers of the project is resulted «Lived-were...» addressed to second-graders for the purpose of their acquaintance to cultural traditions, norms of behaviour, dialogue in Russia.


Secondary alveolar bone grafting is a well established technique in the management of patients with cleft lip and alveolus. The goals of bone grafting determine the selection of grafting material such as cortical or cancellous, membranous or endochondral. In addition, vascularity, host-bed, overall physiologic status of the patient, propensity of infection and surgical expertise needs to be considered. Thus success depends on panoply of variables including the physiologic and mechanical properties of the graft material and the biology of recipient site. Here we report a case of secondary alveolar bone grafting using autogenous mandibular bone graft from symphysis.


Proper and adequate attitudes about infection control is important for clinical dental students, who may be exposed daily to virus. This study aimed to assess the attitudes of clinical dental students in Indonesia about infection control during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In a cross-sectional study conducted from May to June 2021, an electronic survey was administered to the dental students in clinical training at Indonesian dental schools. The online self-administered questionnaire consisted of two sections: sociodemographic information and attitude about infection control. The participants were 238 clinical dental students. Most of them were female, with an average age of 23.8 years (±3.3 years). The analysis of sociodemographic variables of the respondents showed that the more years of clinical training the students had, the stronger was their willingness to wear personal protective equipment (PPE). Clinical dental students in Indonesia in general have a positive attitude about infection control. However, courses at dental schools still need to include information about the additional roles of dentistry that account for pandemics. © 2021, Journal of International Dental and Medical Research. All Rights Reserved.


It is with great interest that I read the article by Daum et al titled "Elastofibromatous changes in tissues from spinal biopsies. A degenerative process afflicting a small but important subset of patients operated for spinal canal compression: report of 18 cases." This seminal article together with 2 previous case reports constitute the whole literature on the subject. I wish to share a case with striking similarities to this clinicopathological entity. Recently, I was faced with biopsy material from a significantly thickened ligamentum flavum at the level of L4-L5 of a 53-year-old man with clinical symptoms of spinal stenosis. The altered ligamentum flavum warranted a biopsy with a clinical diagnosis of suspected granulomatous process. The biopsy material consisted of whitish firm tissue measuring 1.5 × 1.5 × 0.5 cm. Hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections showed cell-poor connective (ligament) tissue with surrounding fat and striated muscle tissue. The connective (ligament) tissue focally showed a preserved parallel structure of the collagen fibers but mostly displayed degenerative changes of myxoid type with pseudocystic spaces wherein clumps of fibrinoid material were found. Scattered areas of chondroid metaplasia were seen intermingled with areas showing myxoid degeneration. No inflammation was present. Throughout the degenerative areas with a predilection for regions with pseudocystic structures, irregular thick fibers, clumps, cords, and globoid structures composed of thick eosinophilic material separated by swollen collagen were present (Figure 1). On a van Gieson–Verhoeff elastin stain, these structures stained black and displayed the morphological features of pathological elastin (Figure 2). These findings show a striking similarity to the pictures and verbal descriptions of the elastofibromatous changes in spinal biopsies presented in the article by Daum et al. Also present, both in some of the cases presented by the authors and in the case presented herein, were regularly arranged elastic tissue fibers devoid of thick, fragmented globoid clumps of elastin, representing native ligament tissue. Of note is that 4 of the 18 cases presented by the authors, in addition to having symptoms of spinal cord compression, also displayed a thickening of the ligamentum flavum. All these patients were female (age 54-76 years), whereas the patient presented here is a man of similar age. Reportedly, 2 of these patients had disc herniation/


The 60,6−61,5 ozone transition at 110.836 GHz has been detected in absorption and in emission in the earth's atmosphere. At zenith the peak absorption was approximately 3.0% of the continuum. Comparisons of the measured profiles have been made with calculated ones based on previous theoretical treatments and measurements of parameter values.


Disease mapping and statistical modeling of incidence/prevalence play important roles in epidemiology to display the spatial risks on a map and to explain the causal pattern between the disease outcomes and the potential risk factors. HIV infection is still a major public health problem in Thailand. Bayesian hierarchical method was proposed to fit with the HIV mapping data and to cope with the HIV modeling incidence among risk factors. A useful source of data information is retrieved from the NAP (National AIDS Program), collected by the National Health Security Office (NHSO) in Thailand 2013. The parameters are estimated by Bayesian mixed effect model via mean-variance adaptive Gauss-Hermite quadrature as a type of Bayesian hierarchical model and using the AIC, BIC, and DIC criteria to select the best fitted model. The best fitted model is in a form of interaction effect model in which combination of gender and age, sex worker (SW) and men who have sex with men (MSM), also people who inject drugs (PWID) and age, can jointly explain the HIV infection rate. HIV infection rate is higher at male and aged 15–24 years than other age groups, and higher at unsafe sex in MSM and SW group than others, and higher among PWID aged 15–24 years than other age groups. The top four provinces with the highest risk (HIV infection rate> 8.9%) were Nong Bua Lam Phu, Chumphon, Udon Thani, and Samut Prakan, respectively.


The first recording of the brain frequency of 10 c/s was achieved by Hans Berger in 1924, and Berger also was the first to consider this activity to be the normal cerebral rhythm.1


The software maintaining and updating is an important section in the software life cycle. Traditional updating method is by post office or special shop which makes the software updating very uneasy. In this paper a new Internet live updating by the latest version programming method is analyzed, which makes the software updated by the user automatically and easily.


An e-mail survey and an investigation were made of academic librarians' personal Web pages in order to understand what role they play in the organization of the Internet. Subjects were selected from two Internet lists of librarian's Web pages. Results showed that most Web sites were produced voluntarily and serve multiple purposes. An independent t-test determined that those librarians who were provided with guidelines produced higher-quality Web pages. Guideline effectiveness and suggestions for further research are discussed.


Three-dimensional (3D) television and video streaming has become very popular over the last few years. Multiview encoded video is used to support 3D video applications. The statistical characteristics of multiview video are significantly different from the traditional single-view video and therefore existing video traffic models are no more applicable for this type of video. In this paper, we propose and evaluate a new model for multiview video that is based on a Markov process. To the best of our knowledge, there is only one other model for multiview video that has been proposed in the literature by Rossi et al. We compared the two models using Q-Q plots and the autocorrelation function of the frame sizes along with QoS metrics of the resulting packet traces estimated by simulation. The comparison results show that our model has less complexity and better accuracy.


The use of the RFID tag in the entire supply chain including different organizations is reviewed. The problems of the RFID tag usage in supply chain involving various organizations are examined through field trial applications. Then, it concludes that the use of the secure RFID tag is effective to solve the problems, with the illustration of application examples.


Forest fire affect chemical, physical and biological properties of the soils. In the biological properties of the soil, forest fire also affects number of microorganisms and activity of microorganisms. The purpose of this research is calculate the value of soil microorganism with various periods of forest fires. The measure of the activities of microorganism using jar and titrimetri methods. The result of this research showed that value of  respiration in  unburn soil is 11,99. Value of respiration from forest fire soil in 2010 is 6,43. Value of respiration from  forest fire soil in 2011 is 10,28. Value of respiration from forest fire soil in 2012 is 16,28. Value of respiration from forest fire soil in 2013 is 11,14. Value of respiration from forest fire soil in 2014 is 8,14. Activity of microorganisms is almost the same between the occurrence of fire with soil unburn. Keywords: forest fire, soil microorganism, activity of microorganism


Possibility of application of wavelet analysis in EPR spectroscopy is investigated. Basic mathematics of the method is summarized, with emphasis on the relation between EPR experiment and physical interpretation of wavelet transform. The fact that flrst derivative of the Lorentzian function can be used as a base wavelet is employed and the speciflc rules of the interpretation of the flnal wavelet synthesis are identifled. Analysis of a sample EPR spectrum of X-ray irradiated guanidinium aluminium sulphate hexahydrate crystal is given as an example. Set of parameters resulting from the wavelet analysis is subsequently used to reconstruct/synthesize the original EPR spectrum. The method involves an opportunity of eliminating unwanted components of the multicomponent spectra. Generally, the method may supplement other means of data analysis, in particular, in magnetic resonance.


The urgency of research on fast acquisition of DS/FH(Direct Sequence/Frequency Hopping) spread spectrum signals is described.With the existence of ionospheric dispersion,the carrier phase continuity of a phase-coherent FH system is disrupted and the complexity of acquisition is drastically increased.Through search of TEC(Total Electron Count) along the path,the receiver is able to compensate for phase discontinuity and to perform coherent acquisition.A new acquisition strategy named Band Division Accumulation is proposed.It is proved that the strategy can broaden TEC search period and thus reduce search complexity.The relationship between the number of sub-bands and energy loss in acquisition is analyzed.The accumulation loss of acquisition can be adjusted by altering the number of sub-bands and this is beneficial to receiver adaptability.


David McCullough's narration opens Seabiscuit—a film New York critic Peter Rainer (2003) calls "the first bona fide Dubya-era movie,"—with a comment that captures a lament compulsively displaced by possibility: "It was the beginning and the end of imagination, all at the same time." McCullough sets archival photographs and newsreel images of industrialization and the Great Depression to a familiar tone. As the narrator of Ken Burns's documentaries, his is the consummate voice of authentic, dignified history. The opening scenes, the realist narrative, and the bombastic Randy Newman score (Newman also composed for The Natural) lead us into a tale of the ironic displacement of the recently ubiquitous automobile by a nation preoccupied with a horse. Indeed, America's preoccupation with Seabiscuit catapults "the people" (and the viewers of the film) out of what otherwise would be everyday sites of trauma and social conflict. In Seabiscuit, spectacular, dangerous, gruesome, and chaotic experiences that logically inhere in the struggle with depression-era poverty are reserved for those moments when the cameras race with the horses around the track. Seabiscuit is most explicitly organized around the lives of three men, each of whom has suffered some tragedy. Wounded white masculinity appears prominently and in varying, albeit complementary, forms. Charles Howard (played by Jeff Bridges) is a self-made man who has risen from bicycle repairman to auto magnate/Buick distributor. He is betrayed—and potentially unmade—by that which made him a millionaire when his young son dies in a freak auto accident. Howard finds relief from his grief when he finds Seabiscuit. Tom Smith (Chris Cooper) is the mythic last cowboy who refuses to divest himself of his old west skills and imagined autonomy, roaming the prairie alone while tending to broken animals. He is rescued from a fadeout to obscurity by Seabiscuit's special need for his old school ways. Red Pollard's (Tobey Maguire) poverty-stricken family sends him away in the hope that he can survive on his riding talents. His is a life of bumbling failures and life-threatening injuries, but he too is rescued by the horse. The


It is well known that the labour force is a very important factor of production which influences the economic growth. The aim of this study is to develop an econometric model for describing the labour force supply. We analyze the main indicators of labour supply in order to identify the factors that influence the employment level on the labour market, at regional level. The data is taken from Statistical yearbooks and the databases of the National Institute of Statistics. To achieve this analysis we will use E-Views Statistical Software, version 7.1.


Techniques are provided to prioritize shipping containers using sensor data by monitoring the health of the package being shipped. Based on smart contract terms, the priority of the shipment is dynamically elevated and the package is shipped faster. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Blockchains are playing a huge role in improving transparency, ensuring security, and also in improving efficiency in logistics (e.g., https://www.logistics.dhl/content/dam/ dhl/global/core/documents/pdf/glo-core-blockchain-trend-report.pdf, https://www.enno motive.com/blockchain-applications-in-logistics/). The present techniques utilize the presence of blockchains in the logistics/shipping industry. Logistics is a key part of the shipping industry, with an estimated 90% of world trade carried out by the international shipping industry every year. However, the logistics behind global trade is highly complex as it involves many parties, often with conflicting interests and priorities as well as the use of different systems to track shipments. Therefore, achieving new efficiencies in trade logistics is likely to have a significant impact on the global economy. Blockchain technology can help alleviate many inefficiencies in global trade logistics including procurement, transportation management, track and trace, customs collaboration, and trade finance. Various entities are exploring the use of blockchain networks in the shipping industry (https://www.logistics.dhl/content/ dam/dhl/global/core/documents/pdf/glo-core-blockchain-trend-report.pdf). Most of the 2 Mohan et al.: PRIORITY ROUTING OF SHIPMENT USING IOT SENSOR DATA FROM SHIPMENT Published by Technical Disclosure Commons, 2018 2 5693 existing techniques are focused on using blockchains to reduce paperwork, track shipments, and ensure that service contracts are met, for example, using smart contracts of blockchain. However, none of the current methods appear to focus on using the health of the product/item being shipped to dynamically modify the shipping priority. Priority shipping is an important service in the logistics and shipping industry. Priority shipping helps ensure that critical shipments (such as goods that have a limited shelf life, including vegetables/fruits/meats and other perishables) reach their destination on time. With advancements in technology and usage of IoT sensors for tracking shipment packages and blockchains for tracking shipping pipelines (https://www.ennomotive.com/ blockchain-applications-in-logistics/), the shipping process has become more robust and efficient. Transit port hubs that handle multiple shipments need to sort and transport goods to destinations efficiently. The following example of the Hamburg Port Authority showcases the use of technology to make its transit operations faster http://www.itssa.org/wpcontent/uploads/2015/06/Filbey-ITSApplicationsinthePort EnvironmentWorkshopTSystems.pdf). While such techniques may locate parking for container trucks, these techniques do not use location-based information to track shipments, ETA for deliveries, etc. nor do these techniques prioritize shipments and delivery based on sensor data. Thus, current approaches do not elevate the priority of the shipment dynamically to ship them faster. In contrast, the techniques provided herein prioritize shipping containers using sensor data. 3 Defensive Publications Series, Art. 1535 [2018] https://www.tdcommons.org/dpubs_series/1535


Background: We have validated the monitor unit calculations from a commercially available treatment planning system (TPS) for three intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) planning techniques for tangential breast irradiation by using ionization chamber measurements. Materials and Methods: Treatment plans were generated for forty-two breast patients by a forward planned field in field technique, electronic tissue compensation (ETC), and an inverse planned sliding window technique. We also performed a reproducibility of delivery and dose linearity analysis for each technique. The treatments were delivered to a phantom using a Varian CL21EX linear accelerator. A 2571 0.6 cm 3 Farmer type ionization chamber and Farmer 2570/1 electrometer from NE Technology was used to measure output of the linear accelerator and the dose at predefined point in the verification plan. Results: The agreement between the measured and calculated dose was -0.87% ± 0.54% for field in field technique, -0.74% ± 0.23% for electronic tissue compensators, and -1.26% ± 0.48% for the inverse planning technique and. In terms of reproducibility the mean deviation was -1.10% ± 0.44% for the field in field technique, -0.38% ± 0.42% for electronic tissue compensators, -1.04% ± 0.42% for inverse planning technique. Dose linearity experiments showed no significant variations for clinical situations but a breakdown was observed in relative dose for very low monitor units. Conclusion: We have found that the monitor unit calculations for all three planning techniques are correct to the order of 1%, and that the plans can be delivered in a reproducible and accurate manner. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2011; 9(3): 145150


Dielectric spectra of erythrocyte suspensions were numerically simulated over a frequency range from 1 kHz to 100 MHz to study the effects of erythrocyte shape on the dielectric spectra. First, a biconcave–discoid model for normal erythrocytes or discocytes was compared with an equivalent oblate spheroid model. The two models showed similar dielectric spectra to each other, suggesting that the oblate spheroid model can be approximately used for discocytes. Second, dielectric spectra were simulated for discocytes deformed by osmotic cell swelling. The deformation resulted in the increase in relaxation intensity and the sharpening of spectrum shape. Finally, dielectric spectra were simulated for echinocytes, stomatocytes and sickle cells that are induced by chemical agents and diseases. The dielectric spectra of echinocytes and stomatocytes were similar to each other, being distinguishable from that of discocytes and quite different from that of sickle cells.


Scheduling in onsite construction is based on commitments. Not kept commitments are resulting in non-completions which lead to waste. Moreover, it is important that commitments are made realistic to avoid both positive and negative variation in duration. Negative variation is destructive to plans and schedules, and is resulting in delays; while positive variation is destructive to productivity by creating unexploited gap between activities and thus inducing unexploited capacity. By registering non-completion at three construction sites, the magnitude of activities inducing negative variation has been mapped. In total 5424 activities has been registered whereof 1450 activities ended up as non-completions; thus, did 27% of the scheduled activities not finish on scheduled. Both positive and negative variation can be minimized by improving the quality of the commitments. Moreover, positive variation can be exploited by A) ensuring that the crew finishing an activity to early can continue their work and B) ensuring that any connecting activity can start as fast as possible.


Motivated by the work of Nazarov and Shapiro on the unit disk, we study asymptotic Toeplitzness of composition operators on the Hardy space of the unit sphere in . We extend some of their results but we also show that new phenomena appear in higher dimensions.


According to your result, 33.3% of HCWs showed reversion of the result. Then, how could you conclude that QFT-GIT proved to be feasible for the serial testing? The conclusion should be changed. In your results, 41 of 44 (93%) who were positive of TST (10mm>) showed consistent results after serial testing. On the contrary, reversion was occurred frequently in TST negative population (5 of 6 HCWs). Several countries (e.g. Canada, UK, Italy, Germany, Switzerland, Netherlands, Korea and Norway) recommend a two-step approach of TST first, followed by an IGRA. When we adjust this recommendation for screening of HCWs, in TST+/IGRAcases, serial test of IGRA is needed. Considering your result, IGRA could be used as a useful tool for serial test in HCWs who showed positive baseline TST. Furthermore, in TST-/IGRA+ cases, the possibility of false negative result of IGRA should be considered especially when the result showed a borderline zone. I thought that this is an important finding for clinical implication.


PURPOSE: A positive electrode active material for a lithium-sulfur battery and its preparation method are provided, to improve the discharging potential and the cycle lifetime characteristic under the high efficiency condition. CONSTITUTION: The positive electrode active material comprises a core comprising a sulfur compound; and a surface treatment layer comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of hydroxides, oxyhydroxides, oxycarbonates and hydroxycarbonates of a coating element formed on the core. Preferably the sulfur compound is selected from the group consisting of elemental sulfur(S8), Li2Sn (n>=1), an organosulfur compound and a carbon-sulfur polymer; and the coating element is dissolved into an organic solvent or water and is at least one selected from the group consisting of Mg, Al, Co, K, Na, Ca, Si, Ti, Sn, V, Ge, Ga, B, As, Zr and their mixtures. The thickness of the surface treatment layer is 1-100 nm.


The basic system includes three parts: technical property right system,technical capital system and technical stock system.The purpose of technical property right system is to solve the property right problem of technical innovation productions.The technical capital system is for solving the multiplication of technical innovation productions.And the technical stock system is the important way to help the contrivers realize their innovative benefit.These three systems are independent,but supplement each other.They exert unique and important function from different aspects.


In combination with the cogredient data of hydrology, chemistry and biology, the data of surface water CO2 partial pressure(pCO2) at grid stations in the Yellow Sea(YS) in March 2005 are used to discuss the distribution of the p CO2 and the mechanisms by which the whole sea could sustain such a level of pCO2. The magnitude of pCO2 ranged between 360~640 µatm, the mean being 486 µatm, which showed that the region acted as a source of CO2 for the atmosphere. Mainly because the vertical mixing remained prominent hydrographic feature in early spring, the water with high concentrations of CO2 at the bottom layer could transport to the surface layer. The phenomenon that high biological activity could change the distribution of the pCO2 at the surface layer was also observed in the YS in March, for example, the pCO2 is low in the northern YS and the coastal area. But biological activity could not change the source/sink pattern of the pCO2, which was also due to the vertically homogeneous structure.


The article reveals features of the amendment of terms and conditions of an agreement of the use of subsurface area, raises the problem of construction of universal agreement of the use of subsurface area.


Objective The study was conducted to identify the biochemical characteristics, antibiotic resistance and virulence genes of Shigella flexneri 4c isolates in Jiangsu province.Methods Biochemical identification of the strains was performed using API 20E, serotyping using slide agglutination, antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the Kirby-Bauer method and detection of ipaH, set1, sen, ial virulence genes using PCR. Results The S. flexneri 4c isolates, fermenting glucose and mannitol with 41.0% strains fermenting arabinose, were found 100% resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanate and nalidixic acid, 89.7% resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole; 79.5% isolates possessed resistance to more than a half of antibiotic species. Presence of ipaH, set1, sen, ial virulence genes was identified among 100.0%, 100.0%, 92.3% and 92.3% of tested isolates, respectively, while 92.3% strains (36/39) carried all four genes. Conclusion Strong multidrug resistance of S. flexneri 4c isolates was found in the present study. Susceptibility to gentamicin, cephalosporin and norfloxacin was identified. Presence of virulence genes associated with strong pathogenicity was found in a high proportion of isolates.


The paper explores the ramifications of globalisation as a process, ideology and a theory on the embryonic and apparent discrepancies in development status between and within nations. It illuminated on the socio-economic and political forces behind globalisation and the implications of that process on access to resources, exercise of political and economic power in international governance and the resultant asymmetrical relations between nations in the global village. This endeavour was enabled through a multi-perspective approach in which various macro and micro sociological theories defined the lens for analysis some which entails the New International Division of Labour theory and the World Systems' theory as they were intrinsically a function and agent for the materialisation of the process of globalisation. Methodologically, the paper adopted the qualitative comparative case study approach which perfectly ushered the opportunity to juxtapose intricacies of different events and outcomes of the lopsided international relations on development between nations in the global village. The paper maintained the notion that, globalisation was an ideological apparatus meant to mystify and veil the realities of exploitation dictated by the new world system yet positively skewed to the Industrialised World at the peril of the Developing Countries.


This work aims to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of halophytic plant, Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) against, some plant and human pathogens. Plant parts of S. portulacastrum were collected from the mangrove habitats of Coringa Reserve Forest near Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India. Plant parts are dried and extracts were obtained successfully with hexane, chloroform, methanol and water, using Soxhlet extraction apparatus. Agar well diffusion method has been used to determine the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts against some gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and Lactobacillus acidophilus), gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloace and Klebsiella pneumonia) and fungal species (Candida albicans, Mucar recemosus, Rhizoctonia solani, Rhizopus stolonifer and Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The hexane, chloroform extracts showed minimum antimicrobial activity when compared to methanolic and water extracts. Water extract of S. portulacastrum showed appreciable antimicrobial activity against all bacterial and fungal strains. It reveals that this halophytic species has antimicrobial compounds which can act against microorganisms and they can be used in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms.


This paper is based on research into the usage of the terms tell and let know, using data from the British National Corpus of English and the Corpus of Contemporary American English. The differences between them, as well as the extent and character of their synonymy, are analyzed through corpus distribution and semantic preferences. The results indicate subtle differences between the terms. Though they are partially synonymous, tell is more often selected in reference to anecdotal and incidental transmission of information, such as when discussing past events, and thus has a wider idiomatic usage. Let know replaces tell in cases of direct requests, offers or demands. It is hypothesized that this may result from the inherent indirectness of the term when compared to tell, and thus its perceived politeness. The study also demonstrates the use of corpora to increase effectiveness of instructional explanations of differences in usage between similar terms.
本論文は、 British National Corpus of English及びCorpus of Contemporary American Englishのデータから、現代英語にて「tell」及び「let know」の用語使用を調べた研究に基づいたものである。それぞれのコーパス内の分布や意味表現の考察を通し、相互の違いや類似の範囲や特性を分析する。研究の結果から用語の微妙な違いが示される。用語は部分的には同義であるが、「tell」は、比較的に、過去または偶発的事柄の伝達に使われることが多く、幅広く慣用句として使用されている。「let know」は、直接的依頼や、提案、要求の場合、「tell」の代わりに使用される。 「tell」と比較して、この用語が元々持つ間接的もしくは受動性が礼儀正しいものと認識されていることに起因するものと仮定される。また、本研究では、類似する言い回しの違いの説明を授業で効果的にするコーパスの使用例を示す。


Although a huge amount of remote sensing data has been provided by Earth observation satellites, few data manipulation techniques and information extraction in large data sets have been developed. In this context, the present paper aims to show a new system for spatial data mining, and two test cases applied to land use change in the Brazilian Amazon region. We present the operational environment named GeoDMA, developed to implement such approach.


In the end of Yuan dynasty, literators lived in Hangzhou and other places emigrated to Suzhou and Songjiang area and promoted the culture of the area to be prosperous. These literators forgathered in Yushan Caotang and had intercourse with each other in calligraphy, which form a local ethos.


The various nature thoery of the "responsibility or duty" on "Corporate social responsibility" don't reasonably carrey its soul,while its soul coming to "the company altruism rights " is not only logicly inevitable,but also is proven and required by practice,and a reasonable conclusion;furthermore,the reason that it has been a more superior and the correct thoery is not only because it is fully proved by the practice,but also because it has a strong economic foundation,ethical foundation and philosophical basis that do not break by bumps which construct a eternal plane and strongly support it!


Problem. The patterns of a conrod stem deformation during compression of air with a liquid in the internal combustion engine cylinder are considered, and the stem deformation when liquid enters the cylinder (hydrolock) is calculated. It is noted that despite the well-known nature of this damage, no quantitative data are available, which often makes it difficult to determine the damage causes in the practice of ICE operation. Goal of the work is to study the connecting rod deformation mechanism during the loss of stem stability due to hydrolock in the cylinder to obtain quantitative characteristics of this phenomenon, suitable for use in practice to determine the failure causes. Methodology includes simulation of the compression process with a liquid, as well as simulation of the deformation and the buckling of the conrod stem under axial compression. A numerical integration of a system of differential equations describing the change in pressure and air temperature with a liquid in a cylinder by the crankshaft rotation angle is carried out with the initial conditions that were obtained using the standard ICE cycle calculation program. Then the dependence of maximum pressure in the cylinder and the conrod buckling from the combustion chamber filling ratio was determined. Results. For the found strains, the axial deformation of the conrod stem was simulated using the finite element method, the buckling shape of the stem and the stress were determined, and the dependence of the longitudinal bending on the axial deformation of the stem was determined. The simulation results were compared with experimental data on the conrods damages in the ICE operation, as well as with the results of stress calculations using classical methods. Originality. For the first time, a quantitative link was determined between the liquid amount that fell into the internal combustion engine cylinder during hydrolock, the shape of the conrod stem, its axial deformation, and longitudinal bending in case of loss of stability. Practical value. The results can be used in practice when searching for the causes of the internal combustion engines faults, including simulation the ICE damages, in order to clarify the symptoms and causes of the faults associated with hydrolock. Based on the results of the study, the feasibility of the practical application of the damage simulation in studying the fault causes is substantiated. Keywords: internal combustion engine, connecting rod, hydrolock, buckling, simulation.


An important consideration in regards to the use of advanced instrumentation in the nuclear industry is the interface between the instrumentation system and the human. A survey, oriented towards identifying the human factors aspects of digital instrumentation, was conducted at a number of United States (US) and Canadian nuclear vendors and utilities. Human factors issues, subsumed under the categories of computer-generated displays, controls, organizational support, training, and related topics were identified. 20 refs., 2 tabs.


Between the 25th of November and the 5th of December 2010 3,000 members of the general public selected at random from resident registers were approached for face-to-face interviews. 1,886 people, or 62.9% of the sample, agreed to do so. 54.5% of the sample were female, 9.9% in their twenties, 16.3% in their thirties, 16.1% in their forties, 16.4% in their fifties, 22.1% in their sixties, and 19.1% aged seventy or older.


Simple Summary This study investigated the effects of the Laetiporus sulphureus fermented product (FL) as a feed supplement on antioxidant activities, intestinal Tight Junction (TJ) mRNA expression, and the intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. FL supplementation could potentially enhance the feed conversion ratio in broilers by improving their antioxidative status, TJ mRNA expression, and intestinal morphology. Broilers supplemented with 5% FL exhibited the best overall results on improving antioxidant status, TJ mRNA expression, and intestinal morphology. Abstract The Laetiporus sp. is a fungal species that is traditionally used for medicinal purposes. This study investigated the effects of the Laetiporus sulphureus fermented product (FL) as a feed supplementation on the antioxidant activities, the intestinal Tight Junction (TJ) mRNA expression, and the intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. Four-hundred one-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to five experimental diets: (1) a corn-soybean meal basal diet (control), (2) a basal diet replaced with 5% Wheat Bran (5% WB), (3) a basal diet replaced with 10% WB (10% WB), (4) a basal diet replaced with 5% FL (5% FL), and (5) a basal diet replaced with 10% FL (10% FL). The FL-supplemented groups exhibited a better feed conversion ratio in the overall experimental period compared to the WB and control groups. The serum antioxidant profiles of 35-day-old broilers showed that, compared to the control and 10% WB groups, the 5% FL supplementation group had a significantly increased superoxide dismutase activity, while it down-regulated the concentration of malondialdehyde in the serum (p < 0.05). The assessment of selected antioxidant gene expression showed that the 5% FL group significantly elevated heme oxygenase-1 and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 expression, compared to the control and WB groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, both of the FL supplemented groups had a significantly higher expression of glutathione peroxidase and catalase, compared to that of the WB and control groups in the jejunum (p < 0.05). The TJ mRNA expression in the jejunum showed that 5% FL significantly elevated the zonula occludens-1, claudin-1, and mucin-2 expression (p < 0.05), while 5% and 10% FL supplementation significantly improved OCLN expression in both the jejunum and ileum, compared to control group (p < 0.05). The intestinal morphology of 35-day-old broilers showed that a 5% FL supplementation significantly increased the villus height in the ileum and jejunum, compared to the WB and control groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, the 5% and 10% FL supplementation groups had a significantly higher villi:crypt ratio in the ileum, compared to the WB and control groups (p < 0.05). To conclude, FL supplementation improved the antioxidative status, the TJ mRNA expression, and the intestinal morphology, and it was accompanied by a lowered feed conversion ratio in broilers. Finally, 5% supplementation had the overall best results in improving the antioxidant status, TJ mRNA expression, and intestinal morphology of broilers.


Evaluation of water environment quality plays an important role in environment science. By analyzing the factors influencing multi-reach water quality, a RBF neural network model with water quality is developed using neural network theory and method. It is integrated into a software package using VB program. The software has a friend interactive interface, and someone not knowing artificial neural network can easily operate it. The development of software verifies that visual language VB is suitable to developing engineering softwares.


The major thrust of the present research is to develop realistic problem formulations for optimum design of transmission line structures subjected to dynamic loads. Although an H-Frame pole presented in ASCE (1990) is used for demonstration purposes, other types of pole structures and towers can be treated in similar ways. Formulations for optimum design of the problem are presented by increasing the number of design variables and/or by changing the cost function. The structure is subjected to an earthquake record and nonlinear time history analysis is performed. Members are allowed to deform plastically. Since all the formulations involve discrete design variables, a genetic algorithm that is suitable for solving such problems is used to search for optimal designs. From the results, it is observed that designs obtained with nonlinear time history analysis of the example structure are cheaper than the ones obtained with linear analysis. This conclusion cannot be generalized, however. Also, better solutions are found as the number of design variables is increased. Details of the formulation and solutions are presented in Kocer and Arora (1998); they are only summarized here.


The objective of this research is to analyze the improvement in quality values between classes that use the Cooperative Learning Method tipe TGT (Team Games Tournament) with the DirectInstruction class at Jakarta 51 High School grade XI MIPA conduct research from april until may 2019. This research method used the quantitative research methods type of quasi experimental thatfocus on the mastery of Elasticity concept in science in seeing the influence of cooperative learning models using the TGT type. The results of the study are described using a purposive sampling that compares the differences in 2 (two) classes, namely the experimental class through the Team Games Tournament learning model and the control class through the Direct Learning model in students and then measures the mastery level of Elasticity concept.


We study the effects of quantitative equity investing, an increasingly popular investment style, on financial market quality. Within a noisy REE model of strategic speculation with two informed market participants, we define discretionary investing as fully strategic trading and quantitative investing as partially or fully myopic via its reliance on a backtested trading strategy. Growth in quantitative investing is modeled as both the introduction of and the greater backtest adherence by an informed speculator. The introduction of an additional speculator generally benefits financial market quality. The effect of greater backtest adherence depends on whether it leads to more or less aggressive trading than discretion, the former improving, while the latter worsening market quality. If it is more aggressive, market quality broadly benefits with greater quantitative investing; if it is less aggressive, market quality deteriorates.


We consider the optimal design problem for the Ornstein--Uhlenbeck process with fixed threshold, commonly used to describe a leaky, noisy integrate-and-fire neuron. We present a solution to the problem of devising the best external time-dependent perturbation to the process in order to facilitate the estimation of the characteristic time parameter for this process. The optimal design problem is constrained here by the fact that only the times between threshold crossings from below, known as hitting times, are observable. The optimal control is based on a maximization of the mutual information between the posterior of the unknown parameter given these observations and the distribution of the hitting times. Our approach is based on the adjoint method for computing the gradient of a functional of a solution to a Fokker--Planck partial differential equation with respect to an input function (i.e., to the control). Our method also enables the estimation of other parameters, in the case when more than one param...


Synchronous Reference Frame Phase Locked Loop (SRF PLL) has been widely used for synchronization three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system. On the grid fault, SRF PLL distorted by negative sequence component and grid harmonic that caused an error in estimating parameter because of ripple and oscillation. This work combined SRF PLL with Dual Second Order Generalized Integrator (DSOGI) and filter to minimize ripple and minimize oscillation in the phase estimation and frequency estimation. DSOGI was used for filtering and obtaining the 90o shifted versions from the vαβ signals. These signals (vαβ) were generated from three phase grid voltage signal using Clarke transform. The vαβ signal was the inputs to the positive-sequence calculator (PSC). The positive-sequence vαβ was transformed to the dq synchronous reference frame and became an input to SRF-PLL to create the estimation frequency. This estimation frequency from SRF PLL was filtered by the low-pass filter to decrease grid harmonic. Moreover, the output of low-pass filter was a frequency adaptive. The performance of DSOGI PLL with filter is compared with DSOGI PLL, SRF PLL, and IEEE standard 1547(TM)-2003. The improvement of DSOGI PLL with filter gave better performances than DSOGI PLL and SRF PLLbecause it minimized ripples and oscillations in the phase and frequency estimations.


Background: Pandemic and panic are two sides of the same coin The sudden outbreak of coronavirus COVID-19 has influ-enced the routine practices of the dentist Dentists were categorized as a high-risk profession during this pandemic, which cre-ated anxiety and stress regarding their personal and financial issues Such a survey would help us to understand the impact of psychological burden among the dentist during the pandemic Objective: The study aimed to assess the anxiety level among the dentist and also the practice modifications in their dental clinics during a novel COVID-19 outbreak in Tamil Nadu Methods: The cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted amongst 250 dental professionals with various years of clinical experiences residing in Tamil Nadu The questionnaire consisted of two sections;it addressed the level of anxiety and practice modification adopted in dental clinics during this pandemic Results: There were significant differences in anxiety scores and practice management questionnaire scores between clinicians with varying years of clinical experience (P=0 0001) Anxiety level was found to be higher in clinicians with less than 5 years of experience Dentists with clinical experience of more than 10 years were found to have better practice management Conclusion: Anxiety and stress have been the main psychological burden among dentist during this covid-19 outbreak Ad-ditional practice modifications during this pandemic have a severe impact on their financial investment in the clinic © IJCRR


Due to uncertainties associated with the COVID‐19 public health crisis, several clinical trials had to be withdrawn or postponed. Our investigation aimed to assess the rate of discontinuation of clinical trials focusing on Autism Spectrum Disorder. Of the 197 registered trials included in our systematic review, 15 (7.6%) were discontinued, with nearly half of these explicitly citing COVID‐19 as their reason for discontinuation. Pharmacological trials were six times more likely to be discontinued during the pandemic than non‐pharmacological studies. The difference between the likelihood of discontinuation was statistically significant (OR: 6.13; 95% CI: 1.22–30.71). There was no evidence of association between funding source and reasons for discontinuation. Limitations, along with implications for future trials are discussed.


Objective: Aging is associated with a physiological decline in kidney function (KFD). In this study, we aimed to describe the impact of age on the rate of KFD and its interplay with risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general population. Design and method: Participants of European descent, aged 35 to 75, were recruited from a populational cohort in Lausanne, Switzerland. Participants with a 10-year follow-up were selected. KFD was defined as the difference in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between baseline and follow-up, divided by the observation period. Multivariate linear regressions were used with KFD as the outcome and age as the main predictor. Hypertension (HT) was tested as a modifying factor. Results: We included 4'163 participants with mean age 52.2 +/- 10.4, 44.7% men, 31.9% HT and 5.0% diabetics. Mean baseline eGFR was 85.9 +/- 14.6 mL/min/1.73m2. Mean KFD was -0.49 +/- 1.08 mL/min/1.73m2 per year with 70% of participants decreasing their eGFR during follow-up. The relationship between age and KFD was non-linear and age was divided in tertiles. Old participants had faster rates of KFD as compared to young and middle-age participants (p < 0.001). A significant interaction was found between age and HT on KFD prediction (p < 0.001). In HT participants, KFD was significantly different across tertiles of age (p < 0.001). On contrary, KFD was not different across tertiles of age in non-HT participants. Conclusions: A physiological KFD is present over time in the general population. Age contributes non-linearly to the rate of this decline with older subjects declining the fastest. The presence of HT is a major contributing factor in this setting as KFD worsened with age only in hypertensive participants. Thus, HT represents an important pathological factor aggravating the age-related physiological decline in eGFR in the general population.


The aim of this study is to investigate the geometrical knowledge as well as the geometrical self-efficacy of kindergarten children, including abused and neglected kindergarten children. Individual interviews were conducted with 141 kindergarten children, ages 5–6 years old, of which 69 children were labeled as abused and neglected by the social welfare department of their municipality. Results indicated that both groups of kindergarten children had high self-efficacy beliefs related to identifying geometrical figures which were not significantly related to knowledge. In addition, significant differences in knowledge were found between the two groups.


The invention belongs to the field of medical instruments and particularly relates to an active human body spine balance repositor which is characterized by comprising a front-arranged support frame and a rear-arranged support frame, wherein the front-arranged support frame comprises a front holding plate and a longitudinal support rod, the front holding plate is installed at the top of the longitudinal support rod, the rear support frame comprises a lying plate and an inclined support rod, the lying plate is connected with the longitudinal support rod through the inclined support rod, horizontal support plates are arranged at the bottoms of the longitudinal support rod and the lying plate, the lying plate is inclined downwards, auxiliary handles are arranged on two sides of the lying plate, a soft cushion is arranged on the upper portion of the lying plate, and a neck recovering pillow is arranged above the soft cushion. The active human body spine balance repositor is simple and reasonable in structure, changes the traditional resetting mode, namely changes the mode that treatment of the respositor is passively received by human bodies into active operation, is good in spine resetting effect, can flexibly adjust the position of the neck recovering pillow and the angle of the lying plate according to different conditions of patients, and is easy and convenient to operate, low in manufacture cost and capable of being accepted by most patients conveniently.


Congenital dysfibrinogenemia (CD) is caused by structural changes in fibrinogen that modify its function. Diagnosis is based on discrepancy between decreased fibrinogen activity and normal fibrinogen antigen levels and is confirmed by genetic testing. CD results from monoallelic mutations in fibrinogen genes leading to clinically heterogenous disorders. Most patients with CD are asymptomatic at time of diagnosis but the clinical course may be complicated by a tendency to bleeding and/or thrombosis. Patients with a thrombotic-related fibrinogen variant are particularly at risk and in such patients long-term anticoagulation should be considered. Management of surgery and pregnancy raise important and difficult issues. The mainstay of CD treatment remains fibrinogen supplementation. Antifibrinolytic agents are part of the treatment in some specific clinical settings. In this article, we discuss five clinical scenarios to highlight common clinical challenges. We detail our approach to establish a diagnosis of CD and discuss strategies for the management of bleeding, thrombosis, surgery and pregnancy.


In the article are determined the directions of evolution of approaches to understanding the essence and content of leadership: from the ones, oriented on separation of the determining role of guider-leader to the ones, oriented on social process, based on the deepening of interconnections and interactions in collective, attainment of the common aims of leader and followers, ability to changes and innovations. There is observed evolution of the leadership theory, from the model with one component – "guider-leader" to the one of two components "guider-leader – followers", and further to the formula with three components "leader-followers – managerial process". Exactly within this triangle is offered to identify the essence and content on the notion "leadership", to create the programs of preparation and improvement of qualification of the guiders in educational branch, directed on formation of their competences, behavior styles and on training of the team behavior in collective. In the article is stated that the leadership is available to any person in organization, it is not a prerogative of only guider, formally appointed to the post. Leadership is not concentrated on the concrete posts or roles, it is dynamic and can transfer from the one person to the other, and as a consequence the power distance between leaders and followers is reduced. In this connection the object of research of leadership is displaced from the TOP-level to the middle and low links of the management. As a result there is a need to study leadership as a mass egalitarian phenomenon.


Abstract Cellular manufacturing has been advocated as the preferred approach to the organization of a company's manufacturing system for moderate volume and moderate variety parts. In addition, the use of cells is central to just-in-time (JIT) production and lean manufacture. Although the merits of cells in comparison with a traditional functional arrangement continue to be debated, it remains to be seen as to the actual extent of adoption of cells by the discrete-batch manufacturing community. This short communication presents a review of recent UK-based studies which concludes that cellular manufacturing is not as widespread as might be expected. In this context, the present authors undertook a regional study investigating the application of cellular manufacturing within Merseyside, and with a specific focus on small to medium enterprises (SMEs). The results of this study are presented. The implications of the adoption of cells with respect to the SME community, including support for their implementation, are also discussed.


Summary The article at hand gives an overview about the circumstances of life of people harmed by Contergan. The objective of this report is to describe how such people manage their everyday life. After an introduction the systematic approach of the research group and the instruments of the study are being presented. Followed by a summary of the results and a subsequent discussion. The report shows that daily life of people harmed by Contergan is heavily burdened by handicaps and consequential harm. At the end of the report a conclusion is given as well as an outlook regarding further research activities on this topic. In the context of any such scientific study it is essential to raise the question about the possibilities of Contergan patients developing daily life routines when they are getting older.


In an era of significant growth in the availability of spatial data and continued advances in computing technologies, opportunities for new interpretations and solutions to the landscape research problems posed worldwide are emerging. This paper presents different possibilities of applying digital terrain model (DTM) data in research of various aspects of landscape. For this purpose, two different methods were proposed. The first was to identify a set of components of the Jelenia Góra city landscape character on the basis of the topographic position index and spatial distribution of land cover, while the second was to assess the landscape of Jelenia Góra city in terms of the possibility of adopting new elements, using the author's scenic absorptivity method. The results indicate the structure of the components of the landscape character of Jelenia Góra city together with its spatial distribution, which also allowed for the delineation of landscape units. The scenic absorptivity analysis showed that there are isolated areas within Jelenia Góra city that are capable of accommodating significant size elements that would not adversely affect the city landscape. In conclusion, DTM data are able to significantly improve research methods in landscape studies.


This paper describes how a network of (or a single) personal computers may be used in system performance improvement/configurations modification analyses in a manner that ameliorates several of the classical shortcomings of conventional quantitative methodologies. Specifically, the Simplified Cost and Time (SCAT) approach used permits a quick and simple way of determining the impact of changed requirements/configurations on a system's performance. Items that are so critical to a successful program appraisal methodology are described.


A project in Louisiana surveyed local vocational education programs and local application plans and compared them to assessed needs, skill levels, and quality program standards. The project was implemented through nine strategies, which included project staff development, assessment of local plans, needs assessment, development of an assessment implementation instrument, and compilation of data received through statewide dissemination of assessment instruments to local projects. The study found that vocational educators in Louisiana took the responsibility of assessing their programs seriously. The data revealed the following: an 86 percent degree of implementation regarding utilization of statewide competency-based curriculum guides, an 88 percent degree of implementation of course scope and sequences, an 83 percent degree of implementation of workplace competence standards, and incorporation of program improvement recommendations into inservice activities during summer programs in the state. (The project report is intended to serve as a model of how to conduct implementation assessment research.) Appendixes, which make up most of the document, include project memoranda and documentation, the assessment implementation survey forms for various institutions with results, and correspondence from the Louisiana Vocational Association regarding planning and implementation of the program. (KC) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** U.S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Othc of Educatronsi Research and improvement ED ATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) n.s document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization ongrnatIng rl O Minor changes have been made to Improve reproduction quanty Rornts or new or opinrons stated I n ment do not necessarily represent ("cal OERI posrhon or pokey BEST co HANLE "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED 3Y TO THE L.OUCATIONAL SOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." SURVEY AND COMPILATION OF LOCAL APPLICATION PLAN'S ASSESSED NEEDS JAMES R. OWENS, Ph.D. Funded by The State of Louisiana Department of Education Office of Vocational Education Southeastern Louisiana University Hammond, Louisiana September 16, 1991 EQUAL OPPORTUNITY STATEMENT IN COMPLIANCE WITE TITLE VI OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964, TITLE IX OF THE EDUCATION AMENDMENTS OF 1972, AND SECTION 504 OF THE REHABILITATION ACT OF 1973, THIS EDUCATION AGENCY UPHOLDS THE FOLLOWING POLICY: THIS IS AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY INSTITUTION AND IS DEDICATED TO A POLICY OF NON-DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT OR TRAINING. QUALIFIED STUDENTS, APPLICANTS OR EMPLOYEES WILL NOT BE EXCLUDED FROM ANY COURSE OR ACTIVITY BECAUSE OF AGE, RACE, CREED, COLOR, SEX, RELIGION, NATIONAL ORIGIN OR QUALIFIED HANDICAP. ALL STUDENTS HAVE EQUAL RIGHTS TO COUNSELING AND TRAINING. This public document was published at a total cost of 5175.00. 221 copies of this public document were published in this la printing at a cost ofIn each. The total cost of all printings of this document, including reprints Is is S175.00. This document was publisbei by the Louisiana Department of Education, Office of Vocational Education, Post Office Box 94064, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70804-9064 for the dissemination of vocational education research materials for new and changing occupational fields under authority of Public Law 96424. This material was printed in accordance with the standards for printing by mate agencies established pursuant to R. S. 43:31.


The growing interest in environmental impacts of agriculture calls for effective agricultural policies to confront the expanding use of chemical fertilizers. Environmental policies in agriculture should be based on evidence concerning the factors influencing fertilizer usage. A hierarchical loglinear analysis of some social and economic factors showed that age, education, farm size, and employment status, all exert an independent effect on fertilizer usage. In addition, age and education exert a joint effect on fertilizer usage. It is found that the categories most likely to use high rates of application of fertilizer, at least in Greece, are full-time farmers 56 to 65 years old, well-educated or with small-sized holdings. The EEC's socio-structural policy for agriculture is examined in the light of the above findings. It is concluded that the policy could form the core for an effective environmental policy in agriculture. However, areas are pointed out for the formulation of improved policy with avoidance of mistakes.