Deep fat frying is an important cooking process in Mediterranean countries. Olive oil is a very convenient fat to use for this culinary purpose. The chemical composition of olive oils differs from edible oils in terms of fatty acid and antioxidant compounds that gives olive oil its greater stability. The aim of this work was to describe the stability of Picual and Arbequina olive oil during deep frying of frozen potatoes in comparison with high oleic sunflower oil. Changes in different physicochemical and nutritional parameters were studied during frying. Picual olive oil had a higher stability in comparison with high oleic sunflower oil and Arbequina olive oil. Picual olive oil is very suitable for frying because it is able to undergo the greatest number of frying cycles without exceeding the limits allowed by regulations. This behavior is due to its phenolic content, the lower loss in tocopherol and better stability.

Practical Applications

The information gained from this research could be very appropriate for consumers and for the industry to know which variety of olive oil is more suitable for frying longer frying cycles without exceeding the limits allowed by regulation and remain in good quality.


Meetings of Branches and Divisions: Bath and Bristol Branch: Trowbridge Division ... ... Birmingham Branch: Dudley Division ... Cambridge and Huntingdon Branch ... ... ... Dorset and West Hants Branch ... East Anglian Branch ... ... ... ... ... Norwich Division ... .Edinburgh Branch: South-Eastern Counties of Edinburgh Division ... Lancashire and Cheshire Branch: Manchester (Soutb) Division.. , ,. ,, ,, 9 Southport Division TIeinster Branch: East Leinster Division "I ... Metropolitan Counties Branch: Chelsea Division ... .North Wales Branch Sot Cn n and ..h ... .. ,,9 South Carnarvon and ie'rioneth~Division:' 97


The Jinbaoshan ore-bearing ultrabasic rock body is characterized by high platinum-palladium background value. Mineralographical studies show hydrothermal alteration in the rock body has poly-stage and polytype. It underwent the large-scale hydrolysis in the early stage,formed the planar serpentinite,included antigorite and minor talc. In the later stage,the hydrothermal alteration occurred along fracutres,formed the complex altered rock,overlaid the chloritization,uralitization and carbonatization. Petrochemistrical analysis shows content of bound water in the rock is as high as 10%,implying that the rock body has undergone chemical metamorphism instead of autometamorphism as most people think. REE distribution characteristic shows the serpentinite in the early stage has the same origin with alterative peridotite,and is obviously different from the vein serpentinite in the later stage. The Pt-Pd mineral has two forms: one is isomorphous which scattered in the residual metallic minerals,the other is independent mineral in late hydrothermal veinlets. Analysis result of trace elements shows the Pt-Pd content in the rock is about 0. 4- 0. 5 g / t,which is very high,while the content in the rock which doesn't remain metallic minerals is just 0. 2 g / t. Back scattered electron analysis shows independent mineral of Pt-Pd is found in the hydrothermal vain in the later stage. Comprehensive research proved the importance of hydrothermal alteration to mineralization of Jinbaoshan ore deposit,especially large-scale hydrolysis in the early stage.


Heavy menstrual bleeding causes significant health and social problems for up to 30% of women at some point of their lives. Medical treatment is not always sufficient or tolerated by women. Hysterectomy is a definitive solution, but it is a major operation associated with long disability and potential severe complications. Endometrial ablation techniques have been developed to avoid the risks related to hysterectomy. Further evolution of these techniques also offers a possibility of a quick and simple outpatient procedure. This study evaluated the long-term effects of endometrial ablation on heavy menstrual bleeding and later endometrial diagnostics. Another aim was to compare the costs when the procedure was performed in different settings. Finally, the effect of hyaluronic acid gel on intrauterine adhesion formation was assessed. Endometrial ablation had a good long-term effect on heavy menstrual bleeding in a retrospective study of 172 women, and up to 84% avoided hysterectomy during the follow-up time mean of 5 years. Seventy-six per cent of the patients were satisfied with the procedure. Due to the formation of intrauterine adhesions, prior endometrial ablation compromised later diagnostics of endometrium, and outpatient endometrial sampling failed in 23% of 57 women who had undergone endometrial ablation a mean of 6 years earlier, but that did not seem to have clinical importance. In a prospective, randomized and double-blind pilot study of 36 patients, hyaluronic acid gel did not prevent the formation of intrauterine adhesions. In a cost-minimisation analysis based on real resource use, performing endometrial ablation as an outpatient procedure under local anaesthetic instead of a day case procedure performed in the operating theatre under general anaesthetic reduced the costs significantly, from 1,865 to 1,065 euros. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that endometrial ablation is a good alternative for the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding, and remarkable cost savings can be achieved by taking the procedure out of the operating theatre. The formation of intrauterine adhesions is common and cannot be prevented with hyaluronic acid gel.


Objective
To observe the anesthesia effect of propofol combined with small dose of sufentanyl in the painless gastroscopy.

Methods
From January 2017 to June 2017, 68 patients with painless gastroscopy in Lishui Central Hospital were selected in the research.According to the digital table, the patients were randomly divided into observation group (propofol and sufentanil) and control group (propofol plus fentanyl), with 34 cases in each group.The anesthesia effect, the intraoperative vital signs, directional recovery and consciousness recovery time were compared between the two groups.The adverse reactions were recorded.

Results
The effective rate of anesthesia in the observation group was 100.00%, which was significantly higher than 82.35% in the control group (χ2=8.856, P 0.05). The orientation force recovery time and consciousness recovery time in the observation group were (3.01±0.75)min, (2.02±1.05)min, respectively, which were shorter than those in the control group [(4.67±1.20)min, (3.71±1.18)min], the differences were statistically significant (t=6.840, 6.238, all P<0.05). The dosage of propofol of the observation group was (1.03±0.19)mg/kg, which was less than (1.77±1.58)mg/kg of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (t=2.711, P<0.05). The incidence rate of adverse reaction in the observation group (0.00%) was lower than that in the control group (20.59%) (χ2=7.803, P<0.05).

Conclusion
Application of propofol combined with small dose of sufentanil in painless gastroscopy has satisfactory anesthetic effect, and with stable vital signs, redirected restore and consciousness recovery time, small adverse reactions, drug safety, it is worthy of clinical promotion.

Key words:
Gastroscopy; Anesthesia; Propofol; Shufentanil


Fully dense isotropic Sm-Fe-N magnets were successfully fabricated using the shock-wave consolidation method. Deterioration of hard magnetic properties of the Sm-Fe-N by the impact load during the consolidation process was not observed, and consequently, the fully dense magnet showed high (BH)max of 116–144 kJ/m3 (14.5–18.0 MGOe) which is the highest level among all the isotropic magnets. Its temperature coefficient of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$B_{\mathrm {r}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> was 0.066%/°C and that of coercivity was 0.36%/°C. The irreversible flux loss of the sample with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L/D$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 0.78 after exposed at 150 °C was a small value of 5%–10%. The fully dense Sm-Fe-N magnet without coating showed a good corrosion resistance, and it had enough mechanical strength. The volume resistivity of the consolidated Sm-Fe-N magnet with a packing ratio of 97.4% was <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.8 ~\mu \Omega \cdot \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. From these results, the practicality of the fully dense Sm-Fe-N magnet made by shock-wave consolidation has been confirmed.


The complex [Ho(2,4-DClBA)3bipy]2 (2,4-DClBA = 2,4-dichlorobenzoate; bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra, ultraviolet spectra, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, and differential thermogravimetry (TG-DTG) techniques. The crystal is monoclinic with space group P2(1)/n. The coordination number of the Ho3+ ion is nine. Two Ho3+ ions are connected via two bidentate bridging and two bidentate chelating−bridging modes. The thermal decomposition behavior of the title complex under a nitrogenous atmosphere was studied using the TG-DTG and IR techniques. The nonisothermal kinetics was investigated by using the Popescu method and the integral isoconversional nonlinear method (NL-INT). The mechanism function of the first decomposition step was determined. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔG⧧, ΔH⧧, and ΔS⧧) were also calculated, and kinetic parameters (activation energy E and the pre-exponential factor A) were also obtained.


A theory of time-resolved second harmonic generation(SHG) from molecules at interface has been developed by using the perturbative density matrix method. The mechanism of the time-resolved SHG is clarified from the microscopic point of view. The time-resolved SHG method is shown to be a new method of investigating dynamics of the correlated molecules at interface, such as intermolecular vibronic dephasing and intermolecular vibronic coherence transfer.


The invention provides a double-key single-knob combining character input method based on embedded equipment. By the application of the method, the operation is easy and convenient, and the character input equipment is concise in structure. The method comprises the following steps: (1) starting the character input mode of keys and a knob; (2) rotating the knob A, enabling characters in a character set Phi in the current character input positions to appear in sequence, when the required characters appear, stopping rotating, and namely considering that the characters are selected; (3) then pressing the character input position selection key, enabling the input positions to move in sequence, when the positions of the characters required to be input are reached during movement, stopping pressing, and namely considering that the positions correspond to the characters selected in the step (2); (4) sequentially repeating the step (2) and the step (3) until the required character string is completely and correctly displayed; (5) pressing the enter key, and namely informing a system of completing input of the required character string.


The binding of GM1, ganglioside to crude preparations of rat brain neuronal membranes was studied, the following results being obtained: (a) the binding process followed a biphasic kinetics, which displayed a break at 0.07–0.08 X 10−6m GM1, concentration; (b) the features of the binding process at GM1, concentrations below the break and, over the break, above 10‐6m appeared to be different. Below the break the process proceeded slowly and brought a stable and irreversible association of GM1, molecules to the membranes. Over 10‐6m the process was much more rapid and caused GM1, molecules to interact in such a way that they were releasable by washing and could exchange with newly added free ganglioside; (c) the two binding processes displayed the characteristics of a saturation phenomenon; (d) in both cases, GM1, taken up was freely available to galactose oxidase, indicating that the oligosaccharide chains protrude from the membrane surface. We postulate that GM1, occurs, below and above the break, in different physical forms, each of them having a different mechanism of interaction with the membrane. Above 10‐6m GM1, interacts as micelles, and the basis of the micelle‐membrane inter action is a fusion process. Below the break, in the 10−8–10−7m range, the binding is the result of hydrophobic interactions between sites on the membrane and the hydrophobic portion of individual ganglioside molecules, most likely in the monomeric form. Toffano G. et al. Interactions of GM1, ganglioside with crude rat brain neuronal membranes. J. Neurochem.35, 861–866 (1980).


PurposeSince the early 2000s, employee engagement has become a growing point of interest for scholars, organizations, and consultants alike due to its association with a variety of organizational outcomes, such as job satisfaction, burnout, and turnover intent. Though there is much focus surrounding the measurement of employee engagement within the literature, there is a notable absence in research related to a leader's own level of engagement.Design/methodology/approachThis study aimed to address this gap in the literature, utilizing the Employee Engagement Scale (EES) to measure for leader engagement. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to evaluate the data from 147 formal leaders who completed the EES measure.FindingsResults indicated that the model goodness-of-fit indices did not provide irrefutable evidence that leader engagement could be assessed with the 12-item EES. Using EFA results, the 12 items were rearranged and an additional run of CFA indicated better model fit with the modified EES, specifically focused on assessing leader-level engagement.Research limitations/implicationsThe small sample size (n = 147) limits the generalizability of the results. Additional studies using the revised EES structure indicated in this study is necessary to inform the validity and reliability in measuring for leader engagement with this modified tool.Practical implicationsThe paper includes implications for future researchers to pay attention to assessing leader-level engagement within the workplace and what organizational outcomes leader engagement may impact, specifically the financial impact of leader engagement.Originality/valueThis paper sought to address the gap in the literature surrounding measuring for leader engagement and its potential association with organizational outcomes.


Reduced thickness of the water pipes due to corrosion makes it difficult to perform the original functions since corrosion in metallic water pipes can occur over time. In this study, reliability model that can estimate the probability of pipe breakage is developed regarding corrosion depth increment according to service year. Probability of pipe breakage was calculated by FORM(First Order Reliability Method) and unsteady analysis was performed to analyze the statistical properties of water pressure. And KCIP(Korea Cast Iron Pipe) equation was adopted for the reliability function. Furthermore, change of pipe thickness was estimated by Nahal and Khelif equation and Romanoff equation. Therefore, pipe thickness was calculated due to change of corrosion depth and probability of pipe breakage was calculated and compared with 10, 20, 30 service years. From the results, probability of pipe breakage for network A is gradually increased from 6.8% to 8.6% according to service year of 10, 20, 30 when Nahal and Khelif equation is applied. And probability of pipe breakage for network A is also gradually increased from 6.4% to 8.9% according to service year of 10, 20, 30 when Romanoff equation is applied.


. In the present research work, the effect of ground motion vertical component in case of near-source excitations on masonry buildings has been analysed. To this purpose, an investigation has been made on the Banloc Castle, a historical masonry construction dam-aged by the Banat-Voiteg earthquake occurred on December 1991 in the Romanian Region of Banloc. A FEM model of the building, setup using DIANA FEA analysis software, has been analysed in the non-linear dynamic field. In particular, the records have been referred to the Banloc site, characterized by a moment magnitude of 5.5 and a focal depth of 9 km. In order to estimate the influence of the vertical seismic motion on the case study building in terms of both displacement and internal forces, two different scenarios have been examined. The first scenario has taken into account the horizontal component only, whereas the second one has studied the simultaneous effects of three components of the seismic action. The comparison between the two scenarios has shown that the vertical ground motion significantly modifies the structural behaviour of the inspected building. Finally, numerical damage patterns have been plotted and compared to the real cracks detected in the case study after the considered seismic event.


A signal transmission circuit for reducing skew, a signal transmission method, and a system having the circuit are provided to realize the same transmission time even when signals transmitted to transmission lines have different delay times owing to influence of capacitance, thereby exactly synchronizing delay time of signal transmission lines having different delay characteristics. The first inverter circuit(320) generates a reverse signal by receiving the first input signal. The second inverter circuit(330) generates a reverse signal by receiving an output signal of the first inverter circuit. The first control circuit(310) operates by responding to the second input signal and an output signal of the first inverter circuit. An output terminal of the second inverter circuit and an output terminal of the first control circuit are connected by a hard wire.


SUMMARY: In his second contribution about the "Societe Royale d'Horticulture des Pays-Bas", the author deals with what would have been the turning point in its story; the period following the Belgian revolution (1830-1837). Protected by the King of Holland since it was born (1826), the Society - a joint-stock company running the botanical garden of Brussels - suffered from important destructions during the Belgian fight for independence. Unable to pay the bills, as a consequence, regarded as an "orangist" creation, and a merely commercial association, the new administrations of the country, at almost every level, tried to cancel the public help the botanical garden had obtained from William of Orange and the city of Brussels. Threatened in its survival, the Society had to prove its public utility (agronomic experimentations were the way) to deserve it. It was the time to get into the Belgian silk production "utopia"... In such a situation, the board tried to develop the commercial activities of the garden as well, causing what sounds like a minor expression of class struggle in Brussels (1835). Despite all the efforts, an attempt to turn to more professionalism, the melting of new regulations, and the intervention of King Leopold the First, at the end of those years, the newly baptized " Societe Royale d'Horticulture de Belgique" was agonizing, probably victim of its hybrid origins. The future was darkening ...


We proposed the three dimensional short-term memory image related to human memory and human vision. Three dimensional short-term memory image composed of the three dimensional features reconstructed from the binocular foveated vision. The next fixation point is determined statistically from the feature points in the image projected from the 3D short-term memory image. We show the effectiveness by simulating the binocular eye movements for the virtual world generated computer graphics and for the real world using pan-tilt cameras. It is found that the viewing world does not change suddenly though the eye moves quickly by introducing the 3D short-term memory


We propose an intuitive graphical password entry scheme that significantly reduces the ability of an attacker to obtain passwords by observing authorized users' authentication sessions. The scheme is resistant to dictionary attacks, and is likely to employ stronger and much more memorable passwords than conventional text or graphical schemes. We propose a procedure that makes the scheme resistant to guessing attacks, more resistant than other graphical schemes in the literature. Finally the scheme is designed to minimize the search time the authorized user needs to find the relevant information on a screen with multiple graphical objects. The scheme is currently being implemented and will be tested for usability.


George C. Marshall, famed U.S. World War II general and eventual U.S. Secretary of State and Nobel Peace Prize winner, on his first assignment fresh out of military school, told a fellow officer: Once an army is involved in war, there is a beast in every fighting man which begins tugging at its chains. And a good officer must learn early on how to keep the beast under control, both in his men and himself Even for nations possessing a reputation for stringent compliance with the law of war, the annals of history, to include more contemporary military engagements, are littered with cases of atrocities committed by soldiers. All too often the beast wins, and because every nation has an obligation to minimize the reality described above, nations must continue to dedicate time, thought and resources to best prepare their forces for future military operations. Unrestrained warfare has a direct negative military impact on both winning the war and winning the peace. This corollary remains as true today as it has ever been. What is meant by a 'reluctant warrior'? Put simply, a reluctant warrior is one who while ready to employ lethal force when the situation demands, is not eager to do so in "the moment". He answers the questions: "Can I, If I, Should I", and then takes decisive action – or employs uncommon restraint – with a goal of accomplishing the mission all the while staying true to the value imbedded in the U.S. Marines' Hymn, "to keep our honor clean". To fully develop the 'reluctant warrior' needed on today's and tomorrow's battlefields, this article will look at the role of legal regulation and the practice of military education and training, as well as some of the other factors that influence behavior and decisionmaking during instances of armed conflict. This article will also comment on the costs to the individual soldier and to the mission when a nation fails to prepare 'reluctant warriors'.


The authors present the results of continuous propagation measurements recorded over two years at an amateur radio station in Keele, UK. Transmitter beacons operating in the 28 MHz band were located in the Bavarian Alps and Zyyi in Cyprus. Annual and diurnal variations in E-layer ionospheric propagation are analysed by spatial correlation and time correlation.


The purpose of this study is to obtain cost-efficient distribution of system  distribution assignment PT. Air Kristal Lestari in Balikpapan. Analytical methods that used in this study is Hungarian method and processed by using software Production and Operations Management (POM) for Windows. The results showed that the assignment of the distribution system on PT. Air Kristal Lestari is still not efficient, this is visible from the total distribution costs incurred by the company for the fifth car boxes to five locations are greater, namely Rp 1.338.588,- per day, while the results of this research only Rp 1.275.388,- per day. From this research, the difference of cost distribution Rp 63.200,-, so in a month companies can save Rp 758.400,- (Rp 63.200,- X 12 times shipping). Keywords : Assignment, Distribution, Hungarian Method.


This month's Journal contains nine technical articles, and EM contains two summary articles, concerning a counterintuitive phenomenon that has been observed in the Los Angeles metropolitan area (SoCAB, the South Coast Air Basin) for many years. Ozone (O3) precursor emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs, also somewhat equivalently termed nonmethane hydrocarbons [NMHCs] and reactive organic gases [ROGs]), and carbon monoxide (CO) are lower on weekends than on weekdays. In spite of these lower emissions, weekend maximum 1-hr O3 concentrations are approximately 30% higher than those on weekdays. This phenomenon has been observed in several other cities. Weekend O3 concentrations are not accompanied by increases in particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), for which mass and nitrate concentrations are similar or lower on weekends than on weekdays. These articles discuss the reasons for this effect, which include different limiting regimes for VOC and NOx, differences in diurnal emissions patterns, and different emissions activities (notably, less trucking and commercial use of nonroad engines on weekends). For several authors, the scientific results imply that California's emphasis on future NOx emissions reductions will be ineffective, and may even be counterproductive in the middle to short term, in further reducing O3 levels in the SoCAB. These peer-reviewed articles provide a classic example of the interaction between science and policy. The authors agree that both VOC and NOx emissions controls have improved southern California air quality over the past 30 years, although the decrease has been more pronounced on weekdays than on weekends. They also agree that the weekend O3 enhancement is real and that it corresponds with lower VOC and NOx emissions and different VOC/NOx ratios. They do not agree on the quantification of the effect, with Croes et al. noting that the weekend increment is lower when comparing the highest O3 days that exceed national ambient air quality standards. They disagree on the extent to which weekend emissions simulate the effects of future emissions controls that would affect both weekdays and weekends. They also disagree on the extent to which a statewide rule for vehicle emissions might be tailored to specific times and places within the state. Several authors recognize the uncertainty of current emissions estimates and its amplification when projecting these into the future. The importance of these articles is that they allow these areas of agreement and disagreement to be clearly defined and documented. This can then focus further scientific study to obtain more issues of agreement. Lawson identifies unknowns in emissions from nonroad engines (e.g., construction equipment) and highemitting vehicles that are detected by on-road tests but are missed in periodic inspection and maintenance checks. Croes et al. identify upgrades to models as well as emissions experiments that need to be conducted. These articles provide a technical basis for a wellreasoned policy debate on the extent to which planned NOx reductions should be better balanced with, or replaced by, VOC reductions. These special topic issues of the Journal and EM assist in disseminating this information. Peer-review of the Journal articles has tightened their logic and honed their presentation. The presentation of different policy interpretations of the results in EM allows decision-makers to evaluate the arguments and their scientific basis for themselves. The Journal's Editorial Review Board thanks all of the authors and reviewers of these papers for their efforts on this topic. We also encourage our readership to identify additional special topics with environmental policy implications and to cooperate with A&WMA's publication editors to create similar issues in the future.


Systemic fungicides are an important tool for managing powdery mildew, the most common disease of cucurbit crops throughout the world. Unfortunately, most systemic fungicides are at risk for resistance development because they have single-site mode of action. Thus modification of one gene in the pathogen may be enough to enable the pathogen to resist the action of the fungicide. The cucurbit powdery mildew fungus has demonstrated a high potential for developing resistance. First detections of resistance to QoI (strobilurin) fungicides in North America occurred in 2002 and included New York. Although resistance has developed, QoI fungicides will continue to be valuable for managing powdery mildew and resistance to DMI fungicide until resistant pathogen strains become common. To use QoIs wisely, growers need to know the proportion of the pathogen population that is QoI resistant before the first application and how much the population changes with QoI use. Through this project, QoI resistant strains were found to be uncommon at the start of disease development. However, where they occurred (Suffolk County), their frequency increased dramatically after QoI and DMI fungicides were used. QoI resistant strains were common in most pumpkin fields examined in September, including 1 of 2 organic production fields examined and a field where neither QoI nor DMI fungicides were used. This information, along with recommendations on how to modify fungicide programs, was provided to growers during the growing season through newsletter articles. Thus growers were able to avoid unnecessary applications of an expensive fungicide during the second half of the epidemic when QoI resistant strains were sufficently common that QoI fungicides were unlikely to have been effective. Monitoring needs to be continued in the future to determine where QoI resistant strains are sufficiently uncommon that this group of fungicides will be effective. When resistance first developed to DMI fungicides, for several years these resistant strains were uncommon when powdery mildew started to develop, thus these fungicides continued to provide some control. Background and justification: Application of fungicides continues to be the principal practice for managing powdery mildew. This is the most common disease of cucurbit crops throughout the world. It occurs every summer throughout the northeastern US. Powdery mildew needs to be controlled on both leaf surfaces to avoid premature death of leaves. It is especially important to control powdery mildew on the underside of leaves where conditions are more favorable for disease development than on upper surfaces. The best approach is to use systemic fungicides. Unfortunately, most systemic fungicides are at risk for resistance development because they have single-site mode of action. Thus modification of one gene in the pathogen may be enough to enable the pathogen to resist the action of the fungicide. The cucurbit powdery mildew fungus has demonstrated a high potential for developing resistance. It has developed resistance to every chemical class at risk for resistance following repeated use somewhere in the world. Presence of resistant strains has been associated with control failure. Thus managing fungicide resistance is an important aspect of effectively managing powdery mildew. The fungicide program that has been recommended is a QoI (aka strobilurin) fungicide (Quadris or Flint) applied in alternation with a DMI fungicide (Nova) tank-mixed with a protectant fungicide. This program uses two strategies for managing resistance: 1. alternation among systemic fungicides in at least two chemical classes and 2. inclusion of protectant fungicides which not at risk for resistance development because they have multi-site mode of action. Resistance to QoI fungicides was detected in 2002 on Long Island. Resistance resulted in control failure. This was revealed by having Quadris applied alone on a 7-day schedule as one of the treatments in a fungicide efficacy experiment. Quadris was effective initially, providing 80% control of powdery mildew on upper leaf surfaces and 89% control on lower (under) surfaces on August 26 following two applications. But control dropped to 0% (severity not significantly different from nontreated) and 42%, respectively, 8 days later. Quadris applied in alternation with Nova + Bravo provided 75% and 42% control. Isolates were collected and their fungicide sensitivity tested. Control failure was confirmed to be due to resistance. QoI fungicides will continue to be an important tool for managing powdery mildew until resistance reaches a high level or another chemical class becomes available. Presently there are no other systemic fungicides far enough along in development that they could be requested for use through a Section 18 registration. The DMI fungicide Nova should not be used exclusively when QoI fungicides are effective as this will put an undesirable amount of pressure on the powdery mildew pathogen to select strains able to resist Nova. On the other hand, QoI fungicides are expensive thus it is undesirable to be applying them when they won't be effective because resistance is at a high level. Additionally, using ineffective fungicides is an unacceptable To select the best fungicide program, growers need information on the proportion of the pathogen population that is resistant before the first application and the impact on resistance of applying QoI fungicides. This information can be obtained using a seedling bioassay. Results are obtained in just 7 to 10 days. This bioassay was used successfully to monitor the proportion of isolates resistant to Bayleton and Benlate in a previous IPM project. This bioassay entails dipping potted squash seedlings in fungicide solution, then placing them with non-treated seedlings next to field-grown plants with powdery mildew for one day. Early spring-planted summer squash will become infected with powdery mildew before main-season crops. Powdery mildew is a greater concern, having more impact on yield, in main-season crops, which include pumpkin, gourd, winter squash and melon. Therefore the early crops are used to determine the composition of the pathogen population for these important main-season crops. If more than 50% of the population is resistant to QoI fungicides, then QoI fungicides will not be recommended for powdery mildew management. When QoI resistance is at a low level, these fungicides can play an important role in managing resistance to the other important group of systemic fungicides, the DMI fungicides. Next growers need to know the impact of applying QoI fungicides on resistance. The recommended weekly fungicide program for 2003 was a QoI fungicide applied with a protectant fungicide on a 14-day schedule beginning after detecting powdery mildew at the action threshold, and, on alternate weeks, a DMI fungicide, Nova or Procure, applied with a protectant fungicide. If the proportion of isolates resistant to QoI fungicides remains below 50%, then additional applications of QoI fungicides are warranted. QoI resistance will be monitored using the bioassay in a commercial field of pumpkin where the recommended fungicide program is used.


Early detection is the key to the prevention of cervical cancer. There is an urgent need for a portable, affordable, and easy-to-use device for cervical pre-cancer detection, especially in low-resource settings. We have developed a dual-modality fiber-optic endoscope system (SmartME) that integrates high-resolution fluorescence imaging (FLI) and quantitative diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) onto a smartphone platform. The SmartME consists of a smartphone, a miniature fiber-optic endoscope, a phone attachment containing imaging optics, and a smartphone application (app). FLI is obtained by painting the tissue with a contrast agent (e.g., proflavine), illuminating the tissue and collecting its fluorescence images through an imaging bundle that is coupled to the phone camera. DRS is achieved by using a white LED, attaching additional source and detection fibers to the imaging bundle, and converting the phone camera into a spectrometer. The app collects images/spectra and transmits them to a remote server for analysis to extract the tissue parameters, including nuclear-to-cytoplasm ratio (calculated from FLI), concentrations of oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxyhemoglobin (Hb) as well as scattering (measured by DRS). These parameters can be used to detect cervical dysplasia. Our preliminary studies have demonstrated that the SmartME can clearly visualize the nuclei in living cells and in vivo biological samples, with a high spatial resolution of ~3.1μm. The device can also measure tissue absorption and scattering properties with comparable accuracy to those of a benchtop DRS system. The SmartME has great potential to provide a compact, affordable, and 'smart' solution for early detection of neoplastic changes in cervix.


A geophysical and geological analysis is made of a total field magnetic survey of the major islands of Hawaii. It is established that the regional distortion of the earth 's normal magnetic field due to the topographic mass of the Hawaiian Ridge rising in places to over 30,000 ft above the ocean floor seldom exceeds 150 gammas. On each island , local magne tic anomalies having the form of lent icular and circular dipoles are found . The lenticular dipole anomalies appear to be related to crustal rifts that have been invaded by magmat ic material of mantl e origin , and the circular dipole anomalies are associated with pr imary areas of volcanic eruption. Although the inferred crustal rifts have surface geologic expression in some areas, such as the Koolau Mountains on Oahu, for the most part they do not. Furthermore, offshore magnet ic data indicate that these features extend beyond the islands and out into the adjacent , deep-water , oceanic area where they can be traced for 100 miles or more. The most pron ounced of these features is associated with the ocean floor Molokai Fracture Zone, which magnetically extends across the Hawaiian Ridge without interruption for an unknown distance to the west. The circular dipole anomalies appear to represent the effect of intrus ions in volcanic pipes or vents rising from these crustal rifts which strike essentially east-west on the islands of Hawaii, Lanai, Maui, and Molokai, and west north west-east southeast on Oahu, Kauai, and N iihau. W ith two exceptions, all of the anomalies indicate normal polarization conformable with the earth's pr esent field. D URINGTHE YEAR 1964, the authors carried out the first of a series of planned magnetic surveys over the Hawaiian Ridge and adjacent oceanic area. The area covered extends from the island of Kauai on the north to the island of H awaii on the south. In this present paper, the magnetic results are examined on both a qualitative and a quantitative basis as to their relation to the centers of volcanism which built the Hawaiian Ridge and to the primary geologic tectonic trends having surface expression or bathymetric expression on the ocean floor. As will be shown, good correlations exist between the patt ern of magnetic anomaly values and the volcanic features of the islands as well as the oceanic rifts having bathymetric expression . In order to minimize the magnetic effects of local changes in geology, soils, and the terrain associated with 1 Hawaii Institute of Geoph ysics, Contri bution No . 148. Manuscript received July 20, 1965. mountains such as Mauna Kea ( elevation 13,796 ft), the magnetic profiles were flown at least 2,000 ft above the ground surface. Although a complex pattern of magnetic anomalies is obtained because of the low magnet ic latitude of H awaii, the interpretation is straightforward . Depth and size estimations were based on the interpretive pro cedures of Vacquier et al. (1951) as well as on the basis of magnetic susceptibility-remanence measurements. These results were then compared with those determined from other geophysical measurements and the geologic probability of the anomalous bodies assessed. Finally, the magnet ic effects of the derived geologic bodies were computed, using a two-dimensional, high-speed computer program and the derived theor etical profiles compared with those observed. All the profiles used in these comparisons were corrected for terrain. Because the regional magnetic gradient at the low magneti c latitude of Ha waii does not exceed 6 gammas per mile, it


Death from sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) claims over 300,000 US lives annually – more than deaths from lung, breast and colon cancers combined [1]. Causes of SCA can range from common heart diseases such as coronary artery disease and cardiomyopathies to rare ion-channel disorders such as long-QT syndrome or the Brugada syndrome [1]. Treatment with some psychiatric medications may also increase the risk of SCA. Tricyclic antidepressant medications (TCAs) act like Type I antiarrhythmic medications in myocardial tissue. They cause sodium channel blockade and can prolong ventricular conduction. As a result, these medications may decrease the frequency of premature ventricular contractions and prolonged QT interval with resultant increase in the risk of torsade de pointes [1]. As such, caution should be exercised in patients who are already prone to a prolonged QT interval, such as those patients with a congenital prolonged QT syndrome or those patients receiving other medications that may prolong the QT interval.


In early 1991, a group of attorneys in Kansas City, Missouri met to consider how their local federal court could best help litigants resolve their disputes. While many of these attorneys might have been interested in this question under any circumstances, they were driven in this instance by the requirements of the Civil Justice Reform Act of 1990. Under that statute, their court had been designated a demonstration district and given the explicit responsibility to experiment with alternative dispute resolution.


The article examines the problems of analyzing the return on equity and invested capital based on modifications of the Dupont's model. The following issues are reviewed as reflection of receivables and payables, financial investments and short-term loans and borrowings, assessment of financial and operational leverage, as well as asset turn-over in the analysis of profitability. The requirements for systems of indicators of profitability in the management analysis are formulated. The structural model of the return on equity, which can be used in management analysis, is built.
A particular attention is paid to the constraints of the management profitability analysis based on financial statements prepared on the basis of IFRS. The most serious constraints is the poor compatibility of IFRS with direct costing and its later modifications, in particular, with throughput accounting. The constraints related to the problems of capitalization of interest on loans and borrowings, accrual of interest on trade credit and interest on prepayments, as well as interest on assets under the contract, when rev-enue is recognized during the period, are examined in the article.


What will the payment system for primary care look like in the future? A new government-sponsored program may offer a preview. Through the Comprehensive Primary Care Initiative announced by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, 75 high-performing primary care practices in each of five to seven markets will have the opportunity to earn additional revenue. Discover the payment models being tested under the program—and how they could innovate practice finance.


Beef flavor has been identified as a driver of consumer acceptability; however,  little is known about variability of flavor in major retail beef cuts. Four beef cuts (chuck roast = 50, top sirloin steaks = 49, top loin steaks =50, and 80/20 ground beef = 50) were obtained from retail stores in Miami, Los Angeles, Portland, New York, and Denver during a two-month period in 2018. Beef present in the retail beef cases were purchased to be representative of consumer selections.  Production systems or package claims were documented.  Chuck roasts were oven roasted and top loin, top sirloin and ground beef (made into patties) were grilled to an internal temperature of 71˚C. An expert, trained flavor and texture descriptive attribute sensory panel evaluated beef flavors, aromas and textures and consumer sensory panels in Fort Collins CO and Lubbock TX evaluated beef for overall, overall flavor, beef flavor, grilled flavor, juiciness and texture liking.  Ground beef was more intense (P <0.0001) in brown, fat-like, green hay, and sour milk/sour dairy flavor aromatics; and salty and sweet basic taste than steak cuts. Additionally, ground beef patties had the lowest levels (P<0.0001) of bloody/serumy, metallic, and liver-like flavor aromatics. Chuck roasts had the lowest levels of (P<0.0001) beef flavor identity, brown, and roasted flavor aromatics, and salt and umami basic tastes. Sirloin steaks were lowest (P<0.0001) in fat-like flavor aromatics and most intense (P<0.0001) in burnt and cardboardy flavor aromatics; and bitter and sour basic tastes. Sirloin steaks and chuck roasts were more intense in metallic and liver-like (P<0.0001) flavor aromatics. Ground beef patties had a higher incidence of green hay-like.  Consumers rated chuck roasts lowest for overall, overall flavor, grilled flavor and juiciness liking (P<0.04).  Ground beef pattes and top loin steaks had the highest consumer texture liking (P<0.0002). Therefore, variation in beef flavor attributes were identified in retail beef cuts and ground beef.  Beef descriptive flavor and texture attributes were related to consumer liking and negative flavor aromatic attributes were identified.


Imported cases of 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections in Thailand: Mathematical modelling of the outbreak Pathum Sookaromdee, Viroj Wiwanitkit TWS Medical Center, Bangkok, Thailand Department of Community Medicine, Dr DY Patil University, Pune, India Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Outbreak of a new emerging disease is usually an important consideration in medicine and public health. In December 2019, a new emerging disease started in China and becomes the global concern in early January 2020[1,2]. The disease, 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection, already existed outside China and the importation of disease is the cause of emerging 2019-nCoV infections in new settings. Thailand, a tropical country in Indochina, is the first country that reported the first 2019-nCoV infection outside China. Until the present (31 January 2020), the number of cases is 29 and still increasing. An interesting issue in dealing with the new disease outbreak is nature of disease spreading. The use of medical mathematical modelling technique can help clinical epidemiologist better understand the situation of outbreak[3]. Focusing on the situation of imported emerging disease, the specific knowledge on the disease epidemic is limited. Here, the authors use clinical mathematical modelling technique for explaining the disease outbreak of imported cases of 2019-nCoV infection in Thailand. The available data on imported cases of outbreak during the first month of outbreak (January 2020) of imported cases in Thailand are analyzed. The time function mathematical model was applied. First, the local data on number of imported cases of 2019-nCoV infections from Thai Center of Disease Control are collected for further study. The accelerate rate of disease spreading is calculated. The definition of accelerate rate is "accelerate rate = velocity/time", which herby written as A = V/T (or V = AT). Then, the integration was applied for prediction of accumulate imported cases of 2019nCoV infections (I). The final equation based on the integration model can be written as I = 2AT + AT + C where C is a constant. Based on the available data (Figure 1), the acceleration rate of disease spreading is equal to 0.42 case/day[4]. From integration modelling, the final model is derived as "0.84T + 0.42T + C where C is constant." This model can help better understand the nature of imported emerging disease and useful for planning for disease control and management.


The lack of information about the relationship between homicide and violence was identified as a gap in knowledge over 25 years ago. Despite this, little research has been conducted regarding this ...


The yield of epileptiform abnormalities in serial electroencephalography (EEG) studies has not been addressed in a population‐based setting for subjects with incident epilepsy or a single unprovoked seizure, raising the possibility of methodologic limitations such as selection bias. Our aim was to address these limitations by assessing the yield and predictors of epileptiform abnormalities for the first and subsequent EEG recording in a study of incident epilepsy or single unprovoked seizure in Rochester, Minnesota.


Abstract Background About 85% of patients with schizophrenia have cognitive impairments, executive functions being particularly affected. Executive dysfunctions are important predictors of functional outcomes. Unlike psychotic symptoms, cognitive deficits do not improve during periods of remission and change only minimally with antipsychotic medications. Thus, effective interventions aimed at improving executive functions in this population are needed. One of the most validated interventions for executive dysfunction is Goal Management Training (GMT). GMT is a compensatory intervention that relies on metacognitive strategies for improving participants' ability to organize and achieve goals in everyday life. GMT has received empirical support in studies of other populations, such as people with neurological conditions and in healthy elderly. To our knowledge no previous studies have investigated the effect of group-based GMT in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders or with high risk of schizophrenia. Thus, this is the main objective of the study. Baseline characteristis and preliminary results from the first patients will be presented. Methods Participants (16–67 years, males and females, IQ >70) with executive dysfunction, will be recruited among patients referred for treatment at Innlandet Hospital Trust in Norway from 2017 to 2020. The study aims to include patients treated for psychotic disorder for less than 5 years and new patients who either have symptoms that meet the DSM-IV criteria for a diagnosis of broad schizophrenia spectrum disorder or who are considered at high risk of psychosis. We aim to recruit one hundred participants for the current randomized controlled trial (RCT), with efficacy of GMT (n = 50) being compared with results of subjects in a wait-list condition (WL, n = 50). Measurements include self-report of executive function, emotional health, and social- and everyday function. Informant reports of executive function will also be collected. Furthermore, neuropsychological tests designed specifically to measure areas of executive function will be utilized, as well as role-playing tasks thought to have good ecological validity. Symptoms of psychosis will also be assessed. GMT will be administered in 9 (twice weekly) x 2 hour sessions in accordance with the GMT research protocol. A general linear model with repeated measures analysis of variance (RM ANOVA) will be used to examine differential group treatment effects. A 2 x 3 mixed-design will be applied, with Group (GMT, WL) as between-subjects factor, and Session (baseline [T1], post-intervention [T2], and 6 months follow-up [T3]) as within-subjects factor. Interpretation of the strength of experimental effects will be provided with effect size statistics. Results Baseline characteristics and preliminary results from the first participants will be presented. Discussion Based on findings from previous GMT-studies, we hypothesize that post-intervention changes will be reflected in improved scores on self-reported and/or objective measures of executive functions (particularly in the areas of planning and attentional control) compared to patients in WL. We also expect that GMT participants will improve their goal attainment in everyday life and social functioning after the intervention. Additionally, we expect post-intervention changes to be reflected in improved scores on measures of emotional health.


The University of Iowa, Department ofOccupational and Environment al Health, 100Oakdale Campus, 221 IREH, Iowa City, IA52242-5000 , USACorrespondenc e e-mail:hans-joachim-le hmler@uiowa .eduKey indicato rsSingle-cryst al X-ra y studyT = 9 0 KMean ! (CÐC) = 0.004 AuR facto r = 0.023wR facto r = 0.061Data-to-param eter ratio = 13.6For details of h o w thes e key indicators wereautomatica lly derived from the article, seehttp://journa ls.iucr.org/e.Rece ived 20 February 2007Accepte d 21 February 2007# 2007 Internat ional Union of Crysta llographyAll rights reserved


Abstract : The Final Report summarizes the results of three critical breadboard areas for the Automated Astronomic Positioning System and is a follow-on of Contract No. F19628-71-C-0036. The three areas investigated were (a) fabrication of a solid CER-VIT optical structure, (b) clamping experiments on test samples of CER-VIT, and (c) fabrication and testing of an electronic filter breadboard. (Author)


Knowledge Management (KM) is the major drive of the development of the society and economy. And it is also the important means to enhance the ability of the organization competition. The meaning of KM is to enhance the ability of innovation by using the collective wisdom. This article aims to illuminate the conception and the aim of KM, and to compare the two strategies of KM.


Thyroid cancer is one of the most common endocrinal carcinomas, and the differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is about 80 percent of it. The up to date scheme of DTC therapy is surgery +radioiodine therapy+thyroxine inhibition, it effectively reduce the risk of recurrence of DTC. Radioiodine therapy of DTC include two aspects, one is the ablation of thyroid remnant and the other is the therapy of metastasis. The methods to increase the radioiodine uptake in lesions of DTC are reviewed in this article. Studys suggest these methods could increase the uptake of radioiodine in lesions of DTC obviously.


Abstract In this report, we describe the finding that bamboo‐structured carbon nanotubes (CNT) showed superior electrocatalytic activity toward hydrogen peroxide. The slope of the calibration curve for hydrogen peroxide obtained with the bamboo‐structured CNT paste electrode was more than 20 times as large as the slopes obtained with hollow‐structured CNT paste and glassy carbon electrodes at an operating potential of −0.1 V, with no interfering reactions. Incorporation of glucose oxidase within the bamboo‐structured CNT paste electrode allows the selective detection of glucose in the presence of common interferents without using any permselective membranes. This excellent ability of the bamboo‐structured CNT paste electrode toward hydrogen peroxide is applicable to the development of other enzymatic biosensors.


In previous work, it was argued that the type IIB T^6/Z_2 orientifold with a choice of flux preserving N=2 supersymmetry is dual to a class of purely geometric type IIA compactifications on abelian surface (T^4) fibered Calabi-Yau threefolds. We provide two explicit constructions of the resulting Calabi-Yau duals. The first is a monodromy based description, analogous to F-theory encoding of Calabi-Yau geometry via 7-branes and string junctions, except for T^4 rather than T^2 fibers. The second is an explicit algebro-geometric construction in which the T^4 fibers arise as the Jacobian tori of a family of genus-2 curves. This improved description of the duality map will be a useful tool to extend our understanding of warped compactifications. We sketch applications to related work to define warped Kaluza-Klein reduction in toroidal orientifolds, and to check the modified rules for D-brane instanton zero mode counting due to the presence of flux and other D-branes. The nontrivial fundamental groups of the Calabi-Yau manifolds constructed also have potential applications to heterotic model building.


Buying decision is an inclination to buy a product, based on the strong trust for service. The condition of tight business competition, caused by the variety of motorcycle products today, has encouraged consumers to identify their decision making to select a certain brand which meets the criteria of an ideal motorcycle. The formulation of the problem in the research was whether brand image and quality of product had positive and significant influence on the decision to buy Honda motorcycles at CV Indah Sakti, Kota Pinang, partially and simultaneously. The objective of the research was to know and to analyze the influence of brand image and the quality of product on the decision to buy Honda motorcycles at CV Indah Sakti, Kota Pinang. The type of the research was descriptive quantitative with an explanatory method. The population was the customers of Honda motorcycles at CV Indah Sakti, Kota Pinang, in 2013. The samples were 70 customers who bought Honda motorcycles at CV Indah Sakti, Kota Pinang from January to March, 2013. The data were gathered by conducting interviews with questionnaires and documentary study. The variables were measured with likert scale. The result of the research showed that brand image and the quality of product had significant influence on the decision to buy Honda motorcycles at CV Indah Sakti, Kota Pinang. Partially and simultaneously, brand image influenced the decision to buy Honda motorcycles at CV Indah Sakti, Kota Pinang.


The fast-online guidance problem of trajectory correction projectile is investigated in this paper. The dynamic mathematical model of spin-stability projectile is briefly presented and a simplified process for the nonlinear seven degree of freedom model is given in detail. Then a linear approximate model is introduced to calculate trim points along the projectile trajectory, and the trajectory characteristics is given through the trim results. A real-time method for calculating the control angle of the course correction fuse is also proposed base on the above trim method. Finally, simulation results are given to validate the proposed method.


It was used for a long time as a pigment and for corrosion-resistant plating on steel, whereas After the industrial scale production of cadmium started in the 1930s and 1940s, the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). This MANUAL on the Treatment of Wastewater from Electroplating, Metal Finishing University, Sacramento, for the operators of both municipal and industrial. According to the Electroplating Engineering Handbook, commercial should retain an experienced plating consultant or industrial hygienist in your situation.


Creating a safe environment in schools is an extremely important task that requires a lot of attention. Peculiarity of such educational institution is: - availability of premises for various purposes (classrooms, classrooms for such subjects as chemistry and physics, workshops for labor training with tools, materials, sewing machines, sports and assembly hall, dining room, kitchen). - group stay in one building of different children age groups at the same time. - institutions become the venue for various events – fairs, concerts, meetings, sports competitions. The legislation of Ukraine states that all institution employees, as well as students, should be taught the safe be-havior rules. It has been researched that child traumatism makes up about 26% of the total, including 12-16% at school. It is found that not all educational staff have an idea of the potential dangers real number that could endanger both their lives and their health and their students as well. The main causes of school traumatism are: the lack of teacher control over students' behavior during lessons and breaks and poorly organized educational work. Studies of existing risks at the educational process were carried out in several ways: legislation on the education-al process organizing analysis, sociological (questionary of students, their parents, teachers, teachers of inclusive educa-tion, employees of supervisory bodies), statistical (emergencies analysis that occurred in educational countries for the last two years) and other methods. The study compiled a list of the most common dangers that pose or may pose a threat to educational process participants in modern schools. The most common are: - unknown gas, which is distributed at school events or at school premises, so it is necessary to plan evacuation drills in case of unknown gas spraying in premises, or detection of explosive or unknown objects in premises or on school area, as well as in case of danger; - the dangers encountered in the school's courtyards - enhanced protection and access restriction to the educational institutions territory of persons who do not directly participate in the educational process and to develop and dis-seminate to students, pedagogical staff the rules leaflet on dealing with suspicious objects; - fires in school buildings - fire safety inspections before the school year start show that a significant percentage of schools do not meet the requirements. The main violations found while fire safety school detecting are: missing or faulty fire systems; improperly connected hydrants; faulty fire extinguishers; missing or faulty external water supply; arrangement of fire-hazardous stretch ceilings; no lightning rod; combustible bases under concealed wires, sockets and switches,; evacuation routes are not illuminated; no fire protection, no fire safety instructions; lattices are fixed on the windows; the door does not open in the exit direction. All educational process participants should know the procedure and sequence of actions in case of fire: 1. The fire department must be notified by telephone (101), to switch on the notification system, to inform the facility manager or the assistant. 2. Evacuate students and pupils from the building on the alarm signal. Evacuation should be performed accord-ing to the developed evacuation scenario in different cases (the event happened during the lesson, during a break, while staying with children in the cafeteria, during events in the assembly hall, at night - for institutions with round-the-clock stay of children, etc.). 3. All puipils evacuated from the building are checked according to the available in groups or classes list (log-book) by name. 4. In the daytime, pupils, groups (classes) are accommodated in the building (on the specified address). At night, they are evacuated to the building (note address). Therefore, knowing the simplest security rules will help to reduce the level of danger at an institution. The need is to create a risk management system that will allow: successfully deal with the risks of different origins and their consequences; take into account the specifics of each situation; ensure adequate powers and responsibilities allocation; respond promptly to changing conditions; optimally apply the necessary resources to reduce risk; eliminate the negative effects of adverse situations and events with minimal resources and in the shortest possible time.


A 90-degree twist based on Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) and using LEGO-like interconnected PCB building blocks is proposed for the first time. The fabrication involves a low-cost standard PCB process and a connection of building blocks similar to assembling LEGO toys, which have been enjoyed by millions of children. The validation of the proposed process consists of a 90-degree twist operating over the Ka-band (from 26.5 to 40 GHz). The fabricated component achieves a return loss of less than -18 dB and an insertion loss of better than 1 dB over the Ka-band. The proposed 3-dimensionnal geometry represents one of the key components for future microwave and millimeter-wave System on Substrate (SoS). It allows an efficient interconnect between horizontal and vertical SIW PCBs. As an application example, a wideband dual-polarized end-fire antenna operating from 32 to 38 GHz is demonstrated based on the proposed 90-degree twist. It achieves an isolation of higher than 32 dB, a return loss of better than -18 dB and a gain higher than 14 dBi at 35 GHz.


To evaluate the potential of Hypochoeris radicata L. for the development of environment-friendly organic materials, its growth characteristics, allelopathic effects and antifungal activity was investigated. The growth characteristics of H. radicata L. was investigated by measuring comparative number of shoot and flower, and the diameters of clones in mowing areas and non-mowing areas, respectively. As a result, the number of shoot and flower, and diameters of clones of H. radicata L. grown in mowing areas were much higher than those grown in non-mowing areas. Water extracts of H. radicata L. inhibited seed germination, and shoot, root and root hair growth of 14 test plants including Trifolium pratense, Festuca myuros, Bidens bipinnata and finally reduced heir biomass remarkably. The inhibitory effect of the extract was different depending on the kind and the part of tested plants. The extracts showed high antifungal activity against Pythium spp. and Phytophthora However, it showed comparably less antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani than Pythium spp. and Phytophthora. In conclusion, cutting H. radicata L. resulted increase of its vegetative and seed propagation and helped it to form large colony. Also it had an effect on growth of microbes and germination and growth of other plants. Therefore H. radicata L. holds the competitive dominant position in plant ecosystem in Jeju Island and it can be used as candidate of environment-friendly organic materials.


GLCKERT, GUNNAR, 1986: The First Salpausselkä at Lohja, southern Finland. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland 58, Part 1, 45—55. Four morphogenic types of the First Salpausselkä can be distinguished in the Lohja area: glaciofluvial marginal deltas, incompletely developed deltas, other ridges and hills, and formations with a rock core. The primary morphology has been considerably deformed by shore action during the stages of the Baltic Ice Lake, the Yoldia phase and the Ancylus Lake of the ancient Baltic. The Salpausselkä is composed of glaciogenic waterlain sediments, consisting of well-washed and sorted delta beds of sand and gravel, and of poorly sorted till layers. This Salpausselkä till was deposited partly as subaquatic flow till or subglacial meltout till from the debris-loaded ice margin in the proximal part of the formation. The distal and central parts of a typical marginal delta are characterized by undeformed regular flow (delta) structure. The proximal part often contains heterogeneous material, is complicated in structure and has been deformed mainly by glaciotectonic and load deformation structures, such as flow and load casts, faults and folds. The First Salpausselkä has a complex polygenetic genesis. It was formed in several phases at the ice margin, mainly under subaquatic glaciolacustrine conditions at the same time as the water level of the Baltic was gradually rising from a low level to the highest level of the Baltic Ice Lake, B 1. The stratified core and distal strata were deposited first, and then the heterogeneous proximal sediments under conditions associated with a floating and oscillating ice margin before the final retreat of the ice. The trend of deglaciation within the Salpausselkä belt is closely connected with the genesis of these ice-marginal formations. The general position and formation of the Salpausselkä seem to have been controlled primarily by climatic and topographic factors.


This article measures the influence of Denis Diderot's theory of the genre serieux on English drama of the later eighteenth century, using Sophia Lee's The Chapter of Accidents as its principal test case. It concludes that, while Lee borrowed extensively for plot devices and character types, she did not adopt many of the innovations that in Diderot's view constituted the heart of his programme of reform. A number of reasons for this neglect are suggested, foremost among them the practical demands of English stage production in the 1780s.


A16-month-old girl was referred with a 2-month history of intermittent exotropia. Prenatal, birth, developmental, and medical histories were unremarkable. Examination showed central, steady, and maintained vision in both eyes, 35 prism diopters (PD) of intermittent exotropia at distance and near, and normal extraocular movements. Her cycloplegic refraction and posterior segments were otherwise normal. Follow-up examinations over the next 6 months showed a 5 PD increase in her deviation and normal motility. At 25 months of age, the child was found to have a constant left exotropia of 45 PD at distance and near. She had no ptosis but did exhibit mild limitation of upgaze and downgaze of the left eye. An MRI of the head demonstrated a mass in the left cavernous sinus (Fig. 1). The tumour was resected by frontotemporal craniotomy and diagnosed as psammomatous meningioma. The tumour surrounded the oculomotor nerve, necessitating nerve transection for mass removal. After resection, the patient had a complete left third nerve paralysis with complete ptosis and marked exotropia. A frontalis suspension and strabismus surgery were performed on her left eye at 29 and 34 months, respectively. Two months postoperatively, her visual acuity was 20/20 OD and 20/30 OS, with mild persistent ptosis, and 15 prism diopters of left exotropia. Meningiomas comprise approximately 2% of all brain tumours in children,1 and most frequently occur in the supratentorial region. Pediatric meningiomas most often present with signs of increased intracranial pressure, seizures, or focal neurologic deficits.2 The mortality of these tumours is significantly higher in children than adults, likely due to aggressive local recurrence. Some authors have also suggested that these tumours have a higher incidence of malignant degeneration in the pediatric population.3 Brain tumours rarely present as common forms of strabismus. The initial presentation of this patient was indistinguishable from intermittent exotropia and underscores the importance of assessing ocular motility at every visit in children presenting with strabismus, as well as the need for an aggressive investigation of new onset incomitance. Cavernous sinus meningioma is rare in childhood, and our patient represents one of the youngest reported with this disorder.4,5


Presence of whirling vertigo accompanied by sudden sensorineural hearing loss has been known to give negative effects on the hearing recovery. But the effect of whirling vertigo on the recovery of hearing cannot be simply evaluated because prognosis is related with other several variables, such as severity of hearing loss, onset of treatment and age. This study sets out to investigate the impact of whirling vertigo on the severity and recovery of hearing loss by multivariant analysis to exclude the effects of other variables. Materials and Method:A total of 176 patients who were admitted to Samsung Medical Center from March 1997 to March 2001 were entered into our study. All patients were divided into three groups according to the presence of dizziness:with whirling vertigo (39 ears), with non-whirling dizziness (36 ears), without dizziness (101 ears). To investigate the impact of whirling vertigo on the severity of hearing loss, each group was divided into four groups according to the severity of hearing loss. Each group was analyzed respectively by the presence of whirling vertigo. Secondly, the effect of whirling vertigo on hearing recovery was investigated by multivariant analytic technique to exclude the effect of the other probable prognostic factors. Thirdly, the effect of other variables (severity of hearing loss, onset of treatment, age) on the prognosis was investigated. Results:The presence of whirling vertigo was not statistically related with the severity of hearing loss (p=0.063). The results of the multivariant analysis showed that the recovery of hearing loss was related with the presence of whirling vertigo (p=0.02), severity of hearing loss (p=0.001), onset of treatment (p=0.034) and age (p=0.034). Conclusion:Hearing loss in the group with whirling vertigo was not more severe than that in the other two groups. According to the multivariant analytic technique, whirling vertigo in sudden sensorineural hearing loss has a negative effect on the prognosis of hearing recovery. (Korean J Otolaryngol 2002;45:651-5)


Infrared reflection spectra of (Mg1−xZnx)Al2O4 ceramics were analyzed by Kramers–Kroning analysis and classical oscillator model simulation. The dielectric properties were extrapolated down to the microwave range using the classical oscillator model for fitting the dielectric function. According to structure analysis, the losses originating from bend vibration and stretch vibration of the bond between A-site cation and oxygen anion dominated the whole dielectric losses of the spinel ceramics. The coexistence of Mg and Zn deteriorated the intrinsic dielectric properties due to the bond asymmetry thus introduced. The calculated Qf (∼105 GHz) was much higher than the measured ones (∼104 GHz), suggesting that the extrinsic loss was significant. Therefore, the microwave dielectric properties of MgAl2O4 and ZnAl2O4 could be improved much by microstructure modification, and the little superiority in their solution compared with the end-members was due to microstructure improvement.


To quantitatively evaluate the destructive capacity of ground motions for Chinese seismic design, a method to rank the ground motion based on a new comprehensive intensity measure is proposed. A total of 5535 ground motions from NGA-West2 database were used as the input ground motions for dynamic time history analysis to four typical reinforced concrete structures. By performing correlation analysis on the ground motion intensity measures (IMs) and structural response parameters, two optimal IMs, including the peak ground velocity and the relative input energy, are first selected to represent the damage capacity of ground motion. Through regression analysis, a new comprehensive IM is proposed to quantitatively describe the destructive capacity of ground motions. Then based on the proposed comprehensive intensity measure, all ground motions are ranked from first to last. Finally, the comparison with other methods proves the feasibility of the proposed ranking method in quantitatively describing the destructive capacity of ground motions.


BY MONCURE D. CONWAY. Before me is a pamphlet, its paper toned by time, bearing this title : " Religion and Patriotism the Constituents of a Good Soldier. A Sermon Preached to Captain Overton's Independent Company of Volunteers, raised in Hanover County, Virginia, August 17, 1755By Samuel Davies, A. M., Minister of the Gospel there. Philadelphia, Printed: London; Re printed for J. Buckland, in Pater-noster Row, J. Ward at the King's Arms in Cornhill, and T. Field in Cheapside.


The motion estimation which plays an important role in video coding requires much computation for encoding. In this paper, from the ray motion characteristics in the lenslet plenoptic video, we derive a new motion search model and propose a fast and efficient microlens-based motion search method. Theoretical analysis and experimental results have verified the new model and demonstrated its efficiency in search. Under the HEVC random-access configuration, we achieve not only substantial encoding time reduction (56.7%), but also bitrate saving of 1.3% on average compared to relevant existing works. Under the low delay configuration, the performances are 23.3% and 2.3%, respectively for encoding time reduction and bitrate saving.


The change from two-dimension electric drawing design to the three-dimension has been obtained in the friction press design.The method how to make full use of the three-dimension software to finish the design effectively and quickly in each step of the design of J53-3150 double base friction press has been given in this text.


The genus Denopelopia is recorded from the Oriental and Palaearctic regions for the first time. Denopelopia diaoluonica sp. n., D. bractea sp. n., and D. viridula sp. n. are described from male imagines. A key to all known males of the genus worldwide is presented, and the generic diagnosis is emended.


Interesting archaeological remains of the Roman period, including two coffins, were discovered in digging for the foundations of Messrs. J. S. Fry & Sons' new factory and garden city at Keynsham Hams, Somerset, on 1st May 1922. Having heard of the discovery from Mr. J. E. Pritchard, F.S.A., I made arrangements to visit the site on 4th May. Mr. A. Bulleid, F.S.A., joined me during the afternoon and took some photographs. The position is three-quarters of a mile east of the Cemetery and Mortuary Chapel on the Bristol Road, where cut stone, tesserae, tiles, and pottery of the Roman period, indicating occupation, have recently been found.


Rhetoric is a teaching tradition. The rhetorical exercises in the progymnasmata are the main method in which rhetoric has been taught throughout history. These exercises are organized according to difficulty, the material covered, the rhetorical genre, the canons of rhetoric and the disposition of the speech. The main organizing principle is however the topoi for inventing the speech or text in each exercise. The topoi are given the technical term kefalaia. Aphthonius of Antioch wrote the most influential version of the progymnasmata about 400 A.D. It served as the introduction to Hermogean Corpus. For the interpretation of these texts we turn to medieval commentators like Johannes Sardianos, edited by Hugo Rabe in Rhetores Graeci 1927, and John Doxapatres, included in Prolegomenen Sylloge, edited by Rabe in Rhetores Graeci 1931. These commentaries have been largely neglected in the history of rhetoric.Sardianos and Doxapatres introduce us to a whole new world concerned with the teaching of rhetoric. These texts explain the central role of kefalaia in rhetoric and the progymnasmata. Doxapatres explains that rhetoric and dialectic differ in several ways. One is the tools or instruments used, organa. Dialectic uses induction and syllogism. Rhetoric uses kefalaia, epicheiremes, enthymemes and elaboration. Ta kefalaia are defined as the part of speech that shows the problem at hand, from the combination of thought and inductive proof. The kefalaia are important for the invention of the matter of the speech, but the kefalaia are different from invention in four ways. The kefalaia are dependent on the stasis of each case; they are arranged in a certain order, the legal, the moral, etc; the kefalaia are concerned with the argumentation in the case; the kefalaia contribute to invention, whereas invention does not contribute to the kefalaia. Understanding topoi as kefalaia tells us how topoi are used as tools of invention in relation to the issue at hand.


Objective: To investigate if adult attachment patterns, measured before childbirth, are predisposing factors for the experiences of childbirth pain and disorganised memory patterns. In addition, we aimed to investigate relationships between these variables and acute symptoms of traumatic stress following childbirth. Background: In 2006, Slade proposed a model for understanding the development of post-traumatic symptoms following childbirth, suggesting consideration of predisposing, precipitating and maintaining internal, external and interactional factors. This study investigated whether adult attachment patterns are a potential predisposing factor by examining associations with other factors in the Slade model: perceived pain and support during birth, and memory processing after birth. Method: Eighty-one nulliparous women were recruited in late pregnancy and completed a questionnaire, including an adult attachment measure. Shortly after childbirth, participants reported on their childbirth experience, concerning perceived pain, perceived staff support memory variables and symptoms of acute traumatic stress. Results: Higher scores on anxious adult attachment were associated with higher pain severity ratings. Higher scores on avoidant attachment were related to participants reporting feeling less respected by staff. However, no relationships between attachment and memory disorganisation were found. Less secure adult attachment was associated with greater acute traumatic stress symptoms of hyperarousal. Conclusion: The findings indicate a possible association between adult attachment and the experience of pain in childbirth. It partially supports previous work demonstrating links between attachment and acute stress symptoms postpartum.


The effect of NaCl and PEG was assessed on plant micro-propagation rate in banana ( Musa spp.) cv., Basrai. Well micro-propagated plantlets were cultured on four different stresses of NaCl and PEG-4000 including control level: MS 2b (MS 0 + 3.0 mg l -1 BAP), MS 2c (MS 0 + 100 mol m -3 NaCl), MS 2d (MS 0 + 5% PEG) and MS 2e (MS 0 + 100 mol m -3 NaCl + 5 % PEG) for 6-weeks. Efficiency of plant micro-propagation was reduced significantly among the stressed cultures. Similarly, photosynthetic pigments like chl a was decreased non-significantly but chl b, chl ab were decreased significantly. Total carotenoids were increased in the saline as well as PEG stressed cultures. Cell size of epidermis and aerenchyma was increased (p < 0.05), while parenchyma decreased. Proline and glycinebetain contents were increased (p < 0.05) in each stressed culture but were high in MS 2 than in MS 3 and MS 4 cultures. Meanwhile, proteins, sugars, phenolics and nitrates were observed to be in the reversed (p < 0.05) phenomena. In conclusion, NaCl treatment was observed to be most toxic than the PEG or PEG with NaCl on the banana micro-propagation. Key words : Musa spp., micro-propagation, NaCl (sodium chloride), PEG (polyethylene glycol), chlorophyll contents, proline, reducing sugars.


A variation of S. S. Stevens's direct magnitude-estimation scaling procedure is described in which the standard stimulus consists of an "interval" rather than a "point." Data suggest this variation requites considerably fewer judges than direct magnitude-estimation to produce scale values possessing a given level of reliability.


Abstract Analysis of a sample of clinical or biological origin often requires assay procedures that are rapid, sensitive, selective, and permit the use of microsamples. These constraints have prompted the clinical chemist and analytical biochemist to use many modern tools of the analytical chemist—including atomic absorption spectroscopy, gas chromatography, and luminescence spectroscopy. This review considers the impact of molecular luminescence spectroscopy (fluorescence and phosphorescence) in the analysis of samples of clinical and biological interest. We attempt to outline those procedures and applications of luminescence spectroscopy which are well-established and also consider the promising new developments which should permit wide levels of acceptance in the near future.


In this issue of Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions, Abaci et al. present a meta-analysis of 203 papers which detailed complications related to transcatheter closure of interatrial communications. This meta-analysis includes procedures done on 28,142 patients. The authors did an admirable job of reviewing a large number of papers, but it is important to look closely at the underpinnings and meanings of the numbers, and how they might affect decisions for patient care. The paper presents actual numbers of complications in the accompanying tables, and results of metaanalysis with weighting for sample size in the body of the text. The pooled estimates from the meta-analysis provided consistently higher complication estimates than the raw data, apparently because of the weighting method. The authors noted a significantly higher complication rate reported by papers with larger numbers of patients, and these papers are the more highly weighted papers in the analysis. We agree with the authors that the higher complication rates in larger series may be related to willingness of high volume centers to attempt more complicated cases. I also wonder whether many of the higher volume reports came from initial multicenter trials of some of the 11 different transcatheter devices included in the analysis. Such reports of early experiences with devices that are no longer widely (if at all) available might also significantly adversely skew the calculated complication rates. The meta-analysis confirmed several impressions that many of us have held for years. It showed that there is a higher success rate for patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure than atrial septal defect (ASD) closure, and that devices are more likely to embolize in attempted ASD closure procedures. It is impressive that there were only three peri-procedural deaths in 28,142 procedures—and these were all in unusually high risk patients. The device-related death rate in follow-up is low, but definitely not zero. During slightly less than two years of follow-up the authors found an overall 0.1% occurrence of later devicerelated death. Importantly, only four of the 21 deaths in follow-up were felt to be definitely related to the device (two thromboembolic events and two pericardial tamponade) and the remaining 17 could not be clearly attributed to another cause, so were classified as possibly related. The term "complications" has many nuanced meanings. Statistical expediencies require that we categorize many types of occurrences into a small number of groups, such as major and minor complications. The pooled estimate of the incidence of major peri-procedural complications was 1.4%. An interesting fact to consider, however, is that over half of the "major" complications (121/216) were embolizations of devices with the patient then proceeding to surgery. As surgery is the alternative treatment for an interatrial communication, reversion to the alternative therapy perhaps should not be in the same intuitive severity category as a stroke or life threatening pericardial tamponade (at least from the patient perspective). Late cerebrovascular events and arrhythmias are well known associations in patients who are considered for any type of treatment for an interatrial communication. Many patients with an ASD have arrhythmias even before defect closure and are well known to remain at risk regardless of whether the defect is left open, closed with a surgical procedure, or closed with a transcatheter device. The meta-analysis by Abaci et al. does not allow comparison of event rates among patients treated with different approaches. To me, the most concerning complication that is uniquely related to transcatheter device closure of interatrial communications is that of late erosion. The authors found 10 cases in 23,372 patients (about 1 per


This paper considers the problem of position control of planar robot manipulators via visual servoing in the presence of uncertainty associated with the robot mechanical dynamics and the camera system for both fixed-camera and camera-in-hand configurations. Specifically, we first design a robust controller that compensates for uncertainty throughout the whole robot-camera system and ensures global uniformly ultimately bounded position tracking for the fixed-camera configuration. Under the same class of uncertainty, we then develop a setpoint controller for the camera-in-hand configuration that achieves global uniformly ultimately bounded regulation.


We performed a hydraulic analysis based on the wetness index of talus slopes in Jungsun, Gangwon province. We estimated the relation between the degree of development of the temporary water system, and talus topography and distribution. We also assessed the distribution of talus based on a map of the wetness index. We divided areas of tallus into stable and unstable types, and estimated the size, distribution and shape-preferred orientation of clasts. We performed numerical simulations of rockfall events to assess the optimum location of rockfall barriers upon talus slopes.


An electric-field mechanism has been developed to explain the oxide-assisted growth of silicon nanowires. This mechanism assumes a strong electric field at the tip of silicon nanowires. Most of the SiO molecules would be attracted by this electric field and then land on the nanowire tip. Thus, the silicon nanowire growth is restricted at the tip only. The maximum electric field that could possibly exist has been estimated from the field emission data. The probability of SiO vapor landing on the nanowire tip is calculated for a wide range of conditions. The result shows that for a sufficiently strong electric field, all SiO vapor would land on the nanowire tip. This attractive force to the nanowire tip is even more pronounced if the SiO vapor first condenses to form a larger cluster. All these calculation results suggest that this electric-field mechanism is possible.


: This study examines Capital structure is essential for a firm to decide in what proportions to divide its cash flows. Its is vital to rescue its firm from the burden of over capitalization and under capitalization. Determining a proper capital structure is vital for small businesses like SMEs just like any other corporate firms. As they do need to decide on better mix to meet the short-and long-term debts as well as to plan their financials in a better way. It brings a balance between the risk and returns seeking to maximize the stock price and reducing the cost of capital on the other hand.


Taylor and Francis QSE_A_444033.sgm 10.1080/09518390903436724 International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education 0951398 (pri t)/1366-5898 (online) Original Article 2 09 & Francis 0002 09 Sh ryMarx sher y.m @usu.edu Theory and educational research: toward critical social explanation, edited by Jean Anyon, New York/London, Routledge, 2009, 216 pp., US$32.95 (paperback), ISBN 978-0-415-99042-4


Introduction The Unit's work on herd monitoring was motivated by the need for a system to record data for a Study of Methods of Improving Oestrus Detection (Esslemont, 1973). These interests were shared with Dr. R. S. Morris, then at Melbourne University, ,ancl he made available a suite of computer programs for analyzing dairy herd health and fertility data which suited the immediate needs (Morris et al., 1978). Out of this generous co-operation has evolved the 'MELBREAD' Herd Health and Fertility Reporting Scheme, the more comprehensive 'DANDAIR' system, the 'YOUNGSTOCK' system for recording heifers, and now 'DAISY' with which data processing is being decentralized to farms and veterinary practices. We are also starting to develop similar systems for intensive pig interprises. This paper presents background information on the development of herd monitoring and a description of computerized record systems for the dairy herd developed by V.E.E.R. U., especially the 'DAISY' software package for small computer systems. An estimate of breakdown of fixed and variable costs on a per cow basis for a U.K. dairy herd is shown in Table la, and typical good performance levels in table I b. These figures show the need for very high technical performance in order to produce truly economic results. They also show that costs per cow for improved management information systems (at £5 /cow/ year) can be kept below I% of turnover.


Motivation Sanger sequencing remains the reference method for sequence variant detection, especially in a clinical setting. However, chromatogram interpretation often requires manual inspection and in some cases considerable expertise. Additionally, variant reporting and nomenclature is typically left to the user, which can lead to inconsistencies. Results We introduce GLASS, a tool built to assist with the assessment of gene variations in Sanger sequencing data. Critically, it provides a standardized variant output as recommended by the Human Genome Variation Society. Availability The program is freely available online at http://bat.infspire.org/genomepd/glass/. Contact firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.


The electron beam processes – 3D selective melting (3D printing), welding, etc. are complex processes with many processing variables, which require integration of interfaces for control of the processes on different levels through hierarchical equipment models, functional data and operation control models. We developed a user interface software application for controlling the electron-beam motion along several types of trajectories and a free complex shape trajectory by controlling the deflection system parameters. Several types of motion patterns with different velocities are realized, together with the possibility of choosing a free trajectory by defining the electron-beam path by a graphical image.


On the base of active welding method,laser aided activating TIG welding was proposed. At first,the surface of weld was melted by the mini power laser protected by oxygen.Then the conventional TIG was used to cover the weld,which achieved the target of the weld with deeper penetration and narrower width. The results show that with the increase of welding current,the penetration and width of weld melted and unmelted by laser increased,but the penetration of weld melted increased faster. The increase of welding speed led to decrease of penetration and width. With increase of power laser,the penetration increased,but width decreased. With the increase of pre-melting speed,the penetration increased first and then decreased,the width decreased and then increased. The weld,its penetration increased significantly and appearance was good,was gained by optimum parameters. Thus laser aided activating TIG welding was developed as a novel active welding method.


This book is an attempt to take seriously the cliche that Greek religion is an eminently social phenomenon. It differs from 'Histories of Greek Religion' by focusing on a particular Greek city with particular social structures. It treats a much broader range of phenomena than do books on 'Athenian festivals'. It seeks to bridge the gap that usually divides studies of Greek religion from studies of Greek history and society. Among the topics discussed are the actual dates and circumstances of foundation of many temples, festivals, and cults at Athens, the historical development of the social structures within which religious activities took place, and the effects in the religious sphere of the radical shift in Athens' political life from tyranny to democracy and the acquisition of an empire. Robert Parker investigates the relation between religion and political prestige, considers the introduction of new cults, and looks in detail at such key personalities and events in the religious history of Athens as Lycurgus the Eteoboutad and his religious policies, and the trial of Socrates. The period covered is roughly that from 750 to 250 BC.


Based on the method of coordinates transform for arbitrary spatial orientation TI media,we expanded to study the azimuth variations of body-wave phase-velocity and group-velocity for arbitrary spatial orientation TI media with arbitrary strength of anisotropy.Using simulating calculation,we obtained the patterns of phase-velocity and group-velocity,and analyzed the deviation between group-velocity and phase-velocity.This research illustrates that the stronger is anisotropy the larger is the deviation between group-velocity and phase-velocity.The spatial orientation of TI symmetry axis and surveying line azimuth has the effect on the azimuth variation of body-wave velocities.The patterns of body-wave group-velocity and phase-velocity are fixed relative to TI symmetry axis,and exhibit certain symmetry and repetition with azimuth variation.This result can be directly predicted the azimuth variation of body-wave velocities for arbitrary spatial orientation TI media.Hence,this research benefits the data processing and interpretation of seismic anisotropy.


The results of the effect of fertilizers on the root mass, chemical composition and amount of alfalfa nutrients Medicago, (Fabaceae). Along with this, when the root mass is decomposed, the soil is enriched with mobile phosphorus compounds. It was found that the application of mineral fertilizers in the ratio of N60P90K60 significantly increases the root mass. An increase in root mass, along with an increase in organic matter, has a positive effect on the amount of nutrients in the soil, improves water–physical properties and increases soil fertility. 125.7–235.8 kg/ha of nitrogen, 26.1-58.7 kg/ha of phosphorus and 81.1–163.3 kg/ha of potassium enter the soil. Ключевые слова: почва, плодородие, люцерна, удобрение, корневая масса, питательные элементы.


Cobalamin, or vitamin B12, is used as a cofactor in a wide range of enzymatic reactions, including the regulation of homocysteine levels and DNA synthesis. Under physiologic circumstances, approximately 80% of the serum cobalamin is bound to haptocorrin, whilst 20% is bound to transcobalamin. The latter protein facilitates the cellular uptake of cobalamin where it can perform its function.


Herein we report a new method for the carbonylative synthesis of carbamates. Starting from N-chloroamines and alcohols, with copper or Pd/C as the catalyst, the corresponding carbamates were produced in moderate to good yields. No additional oxidant or base is needed in this system. Notably, the produced benzotriazole-carboxylates can be used as esterification reagents.

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AIR PRODUCTS & CHEMICALS SEEMED TO BE HANDLING the economic slowdown well enough earlier this year. Although business was less than stellar, units that were a real drag were going out the door. Money from the disposals went to shore up strong positions and add more attractive businesses. But when the firm reported earnings for the quarter ending June 30, it also announced a $153 million pretax charge. It was the fourth such charge in four years. Overcapacity led the company to bite the bullet and shut down some industrial gas and chemical businesses, halt some incomplete gas expansion projects, and eliminate a number of positions. Although the actions were harsh, they weren't unusual for Air Products, the 11th largest U.S.-based chemical company. "In my mind, we've been restructuring for a while," says John P.Jones III, chairman, president, and chief executive officer. When the economy starts moving again, he expects four key areas to provide ...


Segmentation divides the image into different regions or meaningful parts. Segmentation algorithm groups a set of pixels with same characteristics such as colour, intensity, texture, disparity and motion and extracts the features of images. The accuracy of the extracted feature decides the accuracy of the algorithm. A number of image segmentation algorithms have been proposed but, the selection of a suitable algorithm is application dependent. This paper reports a comparative study of different segmentation algorithms.