We studied the effects of elevated CO2 concentrations (0.03% vs. 0.1%) on light absorption, membrane permeability, growth, and carbon fixation under photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposures in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. Susceptibility of photosynthesis to UVR was estimated using biological weighting functions (BWFs) for the inhibition of photosynthesis and a model that predicts primary productivity under PAR and UVR exposures. Elevated CO2 concentrations reduced chlorophyll content and increased chlorophyll specific cross section, carbon fixation per chlorophyll, and growth rates. In addition, cells acclimated to high CO2 were more sensitive to photoinhibitory UVR than those under atmospheric levels. Sensitivity to UVR was also related to the growth light regime; despite the fact that no UVR effects were observed on growth, light absorption, or carbon fixation, cells pre-exposed to UVR showed reduced photoinhibition compared to those grown under PAR for both normal and elevated CO2 cultures. Thus, acclimation to UVR partially counteracted the increased susceptibility observed under elevated CO2 conditions. Anthropogenic activities that influence the global environment are mainly those that affect the atmosphere, resulting in, for example, increased exposures to ultraviolet radiation (UVR; 280–400 nm) and higher CO2 levels. The effects of these changes are propagated to aquatic systems through the surface layer (Sabine et al. 2004), where most of the biological processes that sustain life and biogeochemical processes take place. Phytoplankton play a key role in determining the effects of environmental change on the surface layer since they are responsible for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) sequestration through photosynthetic processes.


The design of a 10‐GHz voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) for synchronous optical network (SONET) applications is presented in this paper. The circuit is fabricated in 0.18‐μm RF CMOS process and it has a phase noise of −95 dBc/Hz at 1‐MHz offset and a very low power consumption of 2.5 mW from a 1.8‐V supply, excluding the output buffers. The effect of supply voltage on the VCO tuning range and the ways to optimize VCO operation in the SONET system are also investigated. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 448–451, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20002


This article describes the installation of a water quality early warning system (EWS) at the Laredo (Texas) Jefferson Water Treatment Plant. The system provides protection of critical national infrastructure, specifically water and infrastructure at the treatment plant, with the designed purpose of protecting the plant against accidental and intentional contamination by harmful materials and pollutants. It also provides protection to water customers by evaluating water distributed from the plant for potentially harmful contamination or toxins. The article provides an overview of the following topics: system concepts and principles; EWS functions; building blocks of the EWS including cameras, radio frequency identification (RFID), water quality sensors, and SIG controller; data consolidation and transmission; integrated data‐monitoring platform; post‐action review; baseline facility and process analysis; other uses of an EWS; and, extended sensor complements in the future.


A new neural network approach for eigenstructure extraction is proposed. It is based on the constraint optimal problem. It can be used to estimate the largest eigenvector of the covariance matrix adaptively and efficiently. In order to extract the other eigenvectors, a covariance matrix series is constructed. A cost function is discussed for extracting the largest eigenvectors of a covariance matrix, and then, considering the cost function as a bridge, a high-order neural network is introduced to extract the largest eigenvector. Theoretical analysis and simulations show that the proposed approach is efficient and direct for eigenstructure extraction.


The genus Illinoia is found primarily in North America. Illinoia liriodendri (Monell, 1879), the tulip tree aphid, was observed and identified for the first time in Hungary. Nymphs, apterous and alate viviparous females in colonies of I. liriodendri were found on a tulip tree, Liriodendron tulipifera L. (Magnoliaceae), in Debrecen, Hungary. Tulip tree aphids feed on the underside of tulip tree leaves. The consequences of this are honeydew and associated black sooty mould which is unsightly and causes sticky residues to drop onto footpaths and parked cars. If the infestation is very severe this may reduce photosynthesis. A short report is presented here on the first finding of this pest in Hungary, and its characteristics.


Combined with practical project, causes of building slope is analyzed, foundation dual hydraulic pressure grouting technology and its construction process in soil reinforcement is introduced. Practice acquired good reinforcement effects.


The solar steam reforming of methane (CH 4 + H 2 O = CO + 3H 2 ) on an Ni-Al 2 O 3 catalyst has been investigated by maintaining the mole ratio of H 2 O/CH 4 = 1/1 at 650, 750, 850 and 950 °C. The mole ratio of H 2 O/CH 4 = 1/1 was adjusted throughout the reactions using a specially fabricated steam generator, where the desired relative humidity for a particular temperature in the methane gas stream was controlled by changing the CH 4 flow amount at atmospheric pressure. The stoichiometric steam content in the inlet gases of CH 4 and H 2 O was adjusted by using a specially fabricated steam generator at atmospheric pressure. The reactor was irradiated with a concentrated xenon lamp as a solar simulator at each temperature. The gaseous contents in the outlet gases from the reactor were estimated from gas chromatography data. The amount of unreacted H 2 O was calculated using the mass balance equations for atomic hydrogen and atomic oxygen by assuming that inlet gases of CH 4 + H 2 O produce outlet gases of CO, CO 2 , H 2 , CH 4 and H 2 O, and deposition of carbon. The carbon deposition on the Ni-Al 2 O 3 catalyst after reactions in the steam reforming of methane at a temperature above 850 °C were hardly detected by an elemental analyzer. On the other hand, the unreacted H 2 O amount above 850 °C was less than 7 mol% among the outlet gases produced. The steam reforming of methane above 850 °C can reduce the unreacted H 2 O and the carbon deposition, and maintain more than 85% of methane conversion efficiency by keeping H 2 O/CH 4 = 1/1 under atmospheric pressure.


CJ-DATS is funded by NIDA in collaboration with SAMHSA and DOJ To understand and improve the processes through which agencies adopt, implement, and sustain quality improvements for treating drug-involved offenders. Improving Best Practices in Assessment & Case Planning: Organizational Process Improvement Intervention (OPII) Medication-Assisted Treatment Implementation in Community Correctional Environments (MATTICE) HIV Services & Treatment Implementation in Corrections (HIV-STIC)


Open access digital Repositories give barrier-free access to literature for study and research to users worldwide. These repositories solve the pricing and permission crises for scholarly materials. This paper deals with open access repositories in India.


Despite the rich and diverse tradition of research on the gender dimensions of tourism, such studies have had little impact on transforming unequal gendered power relations in the sector itself. In this paper, we are concerned with why this is the case and what steps might be taken to redress this situation. The paper argues that the challenges inherent in gender mainstreaming processes within public policies worldwide are replicated and – to some extent – exacerbated in the tourism sector. We contend that, despite its substantive insight into the sector, the impact of such literature has been minimal. We further suggest that this is, in part, due to the sustainable tourism paradigm's resistance to incorporating gender equality and gender analysis as core principles. In order to develop these arguments, we reflect on our experiences as specialist consultants in gender and sustainable tourism, drawing out some of the key tensions of integrating gender into sustainable tourism projects. In conclusion, we argue that there is substantive work to be done for gender to be integrated into the theory and practice of sustainable tourism, offering recommendations as to how this process might be improved.


The cadmium complex[Cd(PMBP)2(EtOH)2](HPMBP =1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-pyrazolone-5)wassynthesized and characterized by IR and thermogravimetric analysis.The structure was determined by single X-ray diffraction anal-ysis.The crystal belongs to triclinic system,space group P 1.The crystallographic data are:a =9.121(4),b =10.193(5),c =10.895(5),α=107.085(4),β=108.239(4),γ=104.028(2)°,V=855.0(6) 3,Z =1,F(000) =390,Mr =759.12,Dc=1.474 Mg/m3,μ=0.692 mm-1,R1=0.0312 and wR2=0.0836.In the crystal Cd(Ⅱ)ion is coordinated by four oxygen atomsfrom two PMBP ligands and two oxygen atoms from two solvent EtOHmolecules to form a distorted octahedron geometry.


Introduction
 Efgartigimod (ARGX-113) is a human IgG1-derived Fc fragment that binds with high affinity to FcRn in a pH dependent way, resulting in a blockade of FcRn-mediated recycling of IgGs. This leads to rapid degradation of all IgGs, including disease associated autoantibodies.
 The efficacy, safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profile of intravenously (IV) administered efgartigimod have been assessed during a Phase 1 study in healthy subjects (Ulrichts P. JCI. 2018;128), Phase 2 studies in patients with Myasthenia gravis (MG) (Howard JF. Neurol. 2019;92) and Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) (Newland AC. Am J Hematol. 2020;95:178-187), and a Phase 3 study in MG (Howard JF. Lancet Neurol. 2021;20). These studies have demonstrated that a dose of 10 mg/kg efgartigimod, administered in four weekly (qw) IV infusions, achieves close to maximal immunoglobulin G (IgG) reduction and a significant reduction of pathogenic autoantibodies in patients with ITP and MG. Furthermore, this dose was well-tolerated in all populations. Based on the results of the Phase 2 study in Primary ITP, a Phase 3 study was designed for IV administration in patients with persistent or chronic primary ITP (ADVANCE NCT04188379).
 To allow for a convenient SC administration of efgartigimod at a dose that achieves a similar PD effect comparable to IV 10 mg/kg, a co-formulation with rHuPH20 SC was developed (recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20, an enzyme used to increase the dispersion and absorption of co-administered substances when administered subcutaneously). Here we describe the dose selection process for the SC dose to be used in a Phase 3 study of patients with persistent or chronic ITP.
 Methods
 PK and PD data from a Phase 1 study, including 32 healthy adult male subjects receiving 750 mg, 1250 mg, 1750 mg, or 10 mg/kg single SC injections of efgartigimod co-mixed with rHuPH20 (8 subjects/dose group), were used for a PK/PD analysis to predict the efgartigimod PH20 SC dose that would result in a similar PD effect compared to the benchmark dose from previous studies of 10 mg/kg IV (1 hour infusion and body weight of 70 kg).
 Results
 Weekly SC administration of 1000 mg efgartigimod co-mixed with 2000 U/mL rHuPH20 was predicted to result in comparable maximum total IgG reduction after the 4 th SC injection (days 22-29) as after the 4 th IV infusion of 10 mg/kg administered qw (Figure 1). Additionally, the area under the curve for total IgG concentration after the 4th dose (days 22-29) and trough IgG reduction (measured prior to dose on day 29) were predicted to be comparable between weekly 1000 mg SC and the weekly 10 mg/kg IV benchmark dose.
 No statistically significant effect of body weight on the PK and PD of efgartigimod PH20 SC was found.
 Discussion
 These results informed the weekly SC dose administration schedule in ADVANCE SC, a Phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial (NCT04687072) for evaluation of efficacy and safety of efgartigimod PH20 SC in adults with persistent or chronic primary ITP. Efgartigimod PH20 SC or placebo PH20 SC will be given weekly on visits 1-4 and then either weekly or every other week from visits 5 to 16, as determined by platelet counts. The frequency of administration will remain unchanged for the last 7 weeks (visits 17 to 24) to evaluate the sustainable platelet count improvement as the primary objective. Secondary objectives include extent of disease control (overall platelet count response, use of rescue treatment, and changes in concurrent ITP therapy), bleeding events, and quality of life assessments. ADVANCE SC recruitment is currently ongoing across approximately 70 sites in Asia-Pacific, Europe, Japan, Latin America, Middle East, Africa, and USA.
 Figure 1 Figure 1.

 Ghanima: Amgen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Principia: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sanofi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bayer: Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding. McDonald: Bayer, Sobi, Novartis, Amgen, argenx: Honoraria; Grifols: Research Funding. Jain: GBT: Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Speakers Bureau; Argenx: Other: advisory board; Sanofi: Other: advisory board; DOVA: Other: advisory board. Oliva: Novartis, Celgene, Bristol-Myers Squibb: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Daiichi: Consultancy; Alexion, argenx, Amgen: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Hultberg: argenx: Current Employment, Patents & Royalties. Gandini: argenx: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Divested equity in a private or publicly-traded company in the past 24 months. Hofman: argenx: Current Employment. Van Bragt: Curare Consulting BV: Other: Partner; argenx: Consultancy. Parys: argenx: Current Employment. van Hoorick: argenx: Current Employment. Miyakawa: Sanofi: Consultancy; Zenyaku Kogyo: Consultancy; Sanofi: Research Funding; argenx: Consultancy, Research Funding. Broome: Alexion, argenx, Apellis, Sanofi: Honoraria.


Modeling the semantics of business services and their corresponding messages using ontologies enables flexible integration that is more adaptive to business-driven change. In this paper we demonstrate our approach building upon an established semantic Web service framework (WSMX) to facilitate a conversation between heterogeneous services that support both the RosettaNet standard and proprietary information models.


The invention discloses a crease resisting anti-shrinkage finishing technique for a sweater fabric. The technique comprises the follow steps that: the sweater plug material is subjected to plasma pretreating, glutamine transaminase is adopted to process the sweater plug material pretreated by plasma, and finally, the sweater plug material is washed by water and dried naturally. The technique realizes the crease resisting anti-shrinkage finishing on the sweater plug material by the plasma together with the glutamine transaminase, remarkably improves the crease resisting anti-shrinkage property of the sweater plug material, has the advantage of health and environment protection, and improves the performances of the sweater plug material of rupture intensity, rupture extending rate and core absorbing height and the like.


In this work, we investigate the Kirchhoff-type equation with a fractional damping term in a bounded domain. The fractional damping term plays a quenching role, which is weaker than strong damping and stronger than weak damping term. We prove a nonexistence of global solutions with negative inital energy. This result extends and improves some results in the literature.


Information and an approach intended to help engineering and other plant personnel troubleshoot bearing problems and diag nose the mode of bearing failures are presented. Six leading modes of bearing failure (abrasion, corrosion, electrical pitting, fatigue, overheating, and wiping) are covered in some detail. Each mode is defined and mechanisms of occurrence are de scribed. Also, for each mode, the visual appearance of failed bearings is discussed and possible causes of failure are re viewed. An illustrative example is provided: symptoms on a bearing surface are described and the mode of failure is identi fied, as is the root cause of failure and possible remedial actions. Because lubrication system problems are a leading cause of bearing failures, effective means of monitoring oil condition are also discussed.


We use the China General Social Survey (2005) and the Home Office Citizenship Survey (2005) to study civic engagement and neighbourhood trust in China and Britain in this paper. We focus on class differences in participation in sports/recreation, religion, children's/adult education and public-welfare activities, and trust in the neighbours. We find higher levels of civic involvement in Britain but greater neighbourhood trust in China. This is mainly due to structural differences. China has a large proportion of peasants who have very low levels of civic involvement but very high levels of neighbourhood trust. Among the non-peasant population, the two countries have similar levels of class differences in civic (except religious) involvement. There are small class differences in China on neighbourhood trust, but marked effects in Britain. Overall, there is a greater similarity than difference in class effects in both civic engagement and social trust in the two countries. While differences in demographic attributes (and China's specific institutional arrangement, the household registration system, or hukou) account for some of the observed patterns, we also find more pronounced class than demographic effects in the two countries. Class plays a major role in the development of social capital.


Data clustering is a process of putting similar data into groups. A clustering algorithm partitions a data set into several groups such that the similarity within a group is larger than among groups. In the field of data mining, various clustering algorithms are proved for their clustering quality. This research work deals with, two of the most representative clustering algorithms namely centroid based K-Medoids and representative object based Fuzzy C-Means are described and analyzed based on their basic approach using the distance between two data points. For both the algorithms, a set of n data points are given in a two-dimensional space and an integer K (the number of clusters) and the problem is to determine a set of n points in the given space called centers, so as to minimize the mean squared distance from each data point to its nearest center. The performance of the algorithms is investigated during different execution of the program for the given input data points. Based on experimental results the algorithms are compared regarding their clustering quality and their performance, which depends on the time complexity between the various numbers of clusters chosen by the end user. The total elapsed time to cluster all the data points and Clustering time for each cluster are also calculated in milliseconds and the results compared with one another.


Flavobacteriz~~z proteus, Acetobacter aceti, Asetobacter cc~psz~latunz, Pediococcus cerevisiae, and Lactobaciilz~s pastorianus were isolated from contaminated yeast in certain Canadian breweries. F. protezrs was most prevalent in ale yeast, while L. pastorianz~s and P. cerevisiae were most prevalent in lager yeast but the plant also affected the prevalence of the species. A phosphoric acid - ammonium persulfate wash \\.as developed which has proved very effective in the breweries in which it has been used since 1960. Treatment time is very short (2 hours) and consequently a great saving in plant equipment and labor has resulted. The fermentative ability and viability of Saccharonzyces cerevisiae is not affected nor is it killed even when it is treated with a phosphoric acid - ammonium persulfate wash that is six times as strong as the one recommended for use in the brewery.


Abstract Professor Schneewind's critique of my essay "Towns and Temples: Urban Growth and Decline in the Yangzi Delta, 1100–1500" is curious in that it proposes no alternative interpretation of the historical phenomena in question, nor does it adduce any new evidence relevant to the issues I raise. If I understand the implication of the title of her critique correctly, Schneewind believes I am too quick to resort to the stereotypical image of the founder of the Ming dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang (Emperor Taizu, r. 1368–98), as a tyrant to explain the sudden and sharp decline of the thriving market towns of the Yangzi Delta region (which, for sake of convenience, I will refer to as Jiangnan) in the early years of the Ming. The comments that follow endeavor to provide further support for my arguments by drawing on both contemporary writings and current historical scholarship.


Summary form only given. The authors report the first fabrication of active semiconductor and high-temperature superconducting (HTS) devices on the same substrate. CMOS transistors were fabricated on the same sapphire substrate as either YBCO flux-flow transistors (FFTs) or YBCO superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). All devices functioned as expected at 77 K without degradation, demonstrating that a compatible process has been found to monolithically integrate adjacent CMOS and HTS devices. >


Flood diversion during dam construction has a major influence on the construction period, and its cost represents a significant part of the total project cost. In general, selection of diversion system capacity and the dimension of the system component are socioeconomic and technical decisions. Quantifying uncertainties is an important problem in risk‐based design of hydraulic structures. This paper presents an optimization model of river diversion that incorporates the uncertainty of the flood magnitude estimator and the hydraulic uncertainties. Confidence interval for the design flood considers the uncertainty associated with an estimated skew coefficient. For hydraulic uncertainties a first‐order second‐moment analysis is carried out. The diversion design flood and the dimensions of the system components are explicitly treated as decision variables. To study its usefulness, the model is applied to the Karoon Dam site, which is now under the design phase in southern Iran. Results show that the model is ...


Implementing Directive 364-CT on resolving land disputes related to administrative boundaries of provinces, districts and communes has been resolved. Based on that the records and maps of administrative boundaries were established with the full nature, legal, accurate and uniform stipulated. However, due to many reasons, the administrative boundary lines are  still not clearly identified in the field.
Land disputes between Hanoi city and Hoabinh province exist in 7 regions, each region has different characteristics of  topography, population, history, culture, economic and social, therefore different solution will be applied for each region. This paper presents the main causes of disputes and approaches for resolving  the issue which involves administrative boundaries between Hanoi city and Hoabinh province. The research results later can be considered as a professor experience in land disputes resolving in the other provinces in the country ...


Background and Aim: Iron smelting is recognized as one of the largest energy-consuming industries in the world, thus, ethical justification of harms and benefits and evaluation of environmental risks of this project can provide significant economic and social development opportunities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the environmental impacts of Isfahan Iron smelting factory. Recognizing the level of its contamination can provide effective strategies to prevent and reduce potential pollution and environmental damages. Materials and Methods: In this analytical study, the status of the Isfahan Iron smelting factory was scored according to environmental principles. Then its environmental impacts and damages were evaluated, and practical recommendations were presented to prevent its destructive effects. Findings : The most important environmental damaging effects and harms of Isfahan Iron smelting factory are water and soil contamination due to wastewater and factory effluents, air pollution due to factory smoke and noise pollution. The highest pollution was related to air pollution and the least pollution was to soil pollution. The physical and biological contamination of the factory, especially in the years 2015 to 2018, was much higher than the economic and social benefits of the factory. Conclusion: Considering the identified harmful environmental effects, adherence to standard principles in waste management and treatment of industrial wastewater, and also utilization of new knowledge and technologies, in order to prevent damages and occurrence of environmental crimes is recommended. Please cite this article as: Kashkoulian E, Sheikholeslami A, Naghavi M. Environmental Impact Evaluation of Isfahan Steel Company and Preventive Strategies: A Case Study. Bioethics Journal 2019; 9(33): 55-63.


In the last period there has been a proliferation of tools that support users in discovering mappings among given ontologies in an automatic or semi-automatic way. However the way such tools are developed is unstandardized: they usually differ in input/output formats, type of user interaction and external resources exploited, hindering the possibility of making them interoperate (for example composing different mapping algorithms). In this paper we propose MDSS (Mapping Discovery Support System) a framework for the integration of mapping tools, aiming at solving interoperability issues among different mapping discovery tools and at supporting users in choosing the best suited mapping discovery algorithm for their needs. Keywords— ontology alignment, ontology mapping, mapping discovery, service-oriented architecture.


Response of a river flow in a winter low-water period to the climate changes is analyzed by the example of theOkaRiver(245 thousand km2). The analysis was done for each individual month from December to March during the period 1980–2015. The data were obtained for the hydrometric section Oka–Gorbatov. The following climatic characteristics were used for the analysis: 1) the number of days with positive air temperatures; 2) the temperature of the upper soil layer; 3) the sum of precipitation (data of meteorological station); 4) water equivalent of snow (the data from the satellite ESA GlobSnow, SWE version 2). Accuracy of the satellite data was estimated with respect to the observational data. In 1981–2010, significant increase in winter runoff occurred in December and March. This period was divided into two phases: 1) the end of the 20th century which was characterized by increasing of precipitation, the soil temperature, number of days with positive temperatures, and that resulted in the growth of the water equivalent of snow; 2) the beginning of the 21st century – by significant fluctuation in precipitation, number of days with positive temperatures as well as by a drop in the soil temperature and water equivalent of snow. The runoff volume was found to be in a direct relationship with the number of days with positive temperatures, the soil temperature, the precipitation sum, and in the inverse relationship with the water equivalent of snow. Both, the regression and dispersion analyses indicated that the above set of climatic characteristics was sufficient to explain changes in the winter runoff. According to the degree of influence on the winter runoff, these characteristics can be ranked as follows: the number of days with positive temperatures; the average soil temperature; the water equivalent of snow; the precipitation sum. The effect of the water equivalent on the runoff becomes significant from midwinter and remains the most significant factor by the end of snowmelt.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the WorldwidE Prison Health Research & Engagement Network (WEPHREN) which aims to improve the evidence base for health and health service delivery within prison settings and so improve the health and wellbeing of people in prison, reduce health inequalities and influence prison health policy.

Design/methodology/approach

A viewpoint piece that highlights the need for higher quality health research in the field of prison health globally and the potential for WEPHREN to help support this.

Findings

This paper presents an overview of the poor health of many people in prison and the inequalities between countries in terms of research output relating to the health of people in prison. It argues for all those interested in prison health to work together to produce more practitioner and policy relevant health research.

Originality/value

This editorial highlights a unique global network for prison health.


Restricting the angular emission characteristics of a solar cell results in a reduction of entropy generation and allows for higher solar cell efficiencies. In this paper, we present the concept of a photonic solar cell which exhibits the combination of a solar cell and a photonic crystal. The basic idea is to structure a solar cell in such a way that the applied structure is a photonic crystal consisting of the solar cell material. The aim of having a solar cell in the form of a photonic crystal is to restrict the emission of the solar cell into certain angles This reduction reduces the radiative losses and results in a higher VOC and, consequently, a higher efficiency of the cell. To calculate the efficiency of a photonic solar cell we introduce an adaptation of the detailed balance approach. This adaptation takes into account the reduced radiative losses due to the presence of a photonic band structure. In the second part of the paper we use this approach to calculate the efficiency for an exemplary sy...


The comparative characteristic of civil administrator's educational systems in the USA and in Western Europe is given in the article with examples from Germany and France. The author concludes that in spite of enhancement of globalization processes there is a lot of characteristics in any particular national economy that define both the specific features of administration staff education, and the social status of civil administrators and prestige of their activity.


The intercalation of AlCl3 into graphite in the presence of a chlorinating agent is investigated. Instead of using chlorine, N-chlorosuccinimide was added in the conventional reactor, in which AlCl3 and graphite were heated. At elevated temperatures (115-200°C), N-chlorosuccinimide was pyrolyzed to evolve chlorine gas and hence AlCl3 became feasible to be intercalated into graphite. By use of this novel method, stage 1, 2 and 3 AlCl3-GICs can be prepared.


We investigate the properties of motion in a map model derived from a galactic Hamiltonian made up of perturbed elliptic oscillators. The phase space portrait is obtained in all three different cases using the map and numerical integration of the equations of motion. Our numerical calculations suggest that the map describes very well the properties of regular motion in all three cases. There are cases where the map fails to describe chaotic motion and cases where the map describes satisfactorily the chaotic phase plane. We also compare the Lyapunov characteristic number and the spectra of orbits derived by the map and numerical integration in each case. The agreement of the outcomes is satisfactory.


Simple Summary High heat load (HL) can adversely affect livestock health and cause significant production losses as a result of alterations of many physiological functions including nutrient metabolism, oxidative status, blood constituent levels, and gut dysbiosis. Effects of high HL could vary with breed of hair sheep (i.e., Dorper, Katahdin, and St. Croix) as well as region of the United States of America with different climatic conditions where they originated. Differences among the three sheep breeds in levels of a number of blood constituents were observed. Different HL conditions also altered concentrations of several blood metabolites and constituents, including hemoglobin, oxygen concentration, creatinine, heat shock protein, thyroxine, and cortisol. However, there were no interactions between breed and HL for most blood variables, suggesting similar resilience to high HL. In addition, only a few differences among or interactions involving region suggest that the breeds are highly adapted to diverse climatic conditions. Abstract Forty-six Dorper (DOR), 46 Katahdin (KAT), and 43 St. Croix (STC) female sheep (initial body weight of 58, 59, and 46 kg, respectively, SEM = 1.75; 3.3 ± 0.18 years of age, 2.6–3.7), derived from 45 commercial farms in four regions of the USA (Midwest, Northwest, Southeast, and central Texas), were used to evaluate responses in blood constituent concentrations to increasing heat load index (HLI) conditions. There were four sequential 2 weeks periods with target HLI during day/nighttime of 70/70 (thermoneutral zone conditions), 85/70, 90/77, and 95/81 in period 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. A 50% concentrate pelletized diet was fed at 53.3 g dry matter/kg body weight0.75. The analysis of most constituents was for samples collected on the last day of the second week of each period at 13:00 h; samples for cortisol, thyroxine, and heat shock protein were collected in week 2 and 8. Previously, it was noted that resilience to high HLI conditions was greatest for STC, lowest for DOR, and intermediate for KAT. There were few effects of region. Other than hemoglobin concentration, there were no interactions between breed and period. Blood oxygen concentration was greatest (p < 0.05) among breeds for STC (5.07, 5.20, and 5.53 mmol/L for DOR, KAT, and STC, respectively; SEM = 0.114) and differed among periods (4.92, 5.26, 5.36, and 5.52 mmol/L for period 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively; SEM = 0.093). There were breed differences (i.e., main effects; p < 0.05) in glucose (50.0, 52.6, and 52.1 mg/dL; SEM = 0.76), urea nitrogen (17.2, 17.3, and 19.4 mg/dL; SEM = 0.33), creatinine (0.991, 0.862, and 0.802 mg/dL; SEM = 0.0151), total protein (6.50, 6.68, and 6.95 g/l; SEM = 0.017), triglycerides (28.4, 29.1, and 23.5 mg/dL; SEM = 0.87), and cortisol (6.30, 8.79, and 6.22 ng/mL for DOR, KAT, and STC, respectively; SEM = 0.596). Differences among periods (p < 0.05) were observed for lactate (27.9, 25.3, 27.8, and 24.0 mg/dL; SEM = 0.99), creatinine (0.839, 0.913, 0.871, and 0.917 mg/dL; SEM = 0.0128), total protein (6.94, 6.66, 6.60, and 6.65 g/l; SEM = 0.094), and cholesterol (60.2, 56.5, 58.3, and 57.6 mg/dL for period 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively; SEM = 1.26). In addition, the concentration of cortisol (7.62 and 6.59 ng/mL; SEM = 0.404), thyroxine (5.83 and 5.00 µg/dL; SEM = 0.140), and heat shock protein (136 and 146 ng/mL for week 2 and 8, respectively; SEM = 4.0) differed between weeks (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the lack of interaction between breed and period with different HLI conditions suggests that levels of these blood constituents were not highly related to resilience to high HLI.


th . The topic will complement our main speaker from the fall conference and address the behavioral side of RTI. Mike Booher will present The Missing Link: One Model for Connecting a Continuum of Behavioral Interventions to RTI in a day long training. Mr. Booher has worked extensively in the public schools and developed several positive behavior support programs. As with past spring trainings, KAPS will be offering this training as a membership benefit and not charge KAPS members. However, we still need members to send in their registration. Further information regarding the spring training can be found at the KAPS homepage: http://www.psychology.eku.edu/KAPS/. The Kentucky legislative session is in full swing and KAPS has been involved in one piece of legislation that is garnering quite a bit of attention. In November, KAPS joined the Anti-Bullying Coalition along with several other Kentucky associations. House Bill 270 is the anti-bullying bill that the Coalition is championing. It is working its' way through the legislature and has received bipartisan support. If it passes, Kentucky will be added to the 17 states that have similar legislation.


Memory and storage are often assumed to be unsophisticated, flat resources, with simple properties, such as a constant access time. Over the years this assumption has been proven to be wrong, and understanding of the memory hierarchy could be useful in order to enhance the performance of an algorithm or a data structure [1]. For example, the Storage Class Memory (SCM) is a new technology which represents a new hybrid form of storage and memory with uniqe characteristics, meaning a memory which is non-volatile, cheap in per bit cost, has fast access times for both read and writes using cache line access, and is solid state. Also, the SCM is supposed to have different versions with different access speeds and volumes, meaning that it might be possible to add different SCM devices to the memory hierarchy as an extension of the RAM, and manage this enlarged main memory complex using special algorithms [2]. A combination between the SCM technology and a designated Memory Allocation Manager (MAM) that will allow the developer to manually control the different memories will be likely to achieve a new level of performance for memory-aware data structures. However, although the manual MAM seems to be the optimal approach for multilevel main memory complex management, this technique is still very far from being realistic because of several reasons, and the chances that it would be implemented in current codes using High Performance Computing (HPC) platforms is quite low. This premise means that the most reasonable way to introduce the SCM into any usable memory system would be by implementing an automated version of the MAM using the fundamentals of the paging algorithms, as used for a standard memory hierarchy. Our hypothesis is that achieving appropriate transferability between these new main memory complex levels may be possible using ideas of algorithms employed in current virtual memory systems, and that the memory-aware adaptation of those algorithms to a multi-level main memory complex is possible. We investigated various paging algorithms, and found the ones that could be adapted successfully from a standard memory hierarchy to a hierarchy with multi-level main memory complex. We discovered that using a memory-aware adaptation of the Aging paging algorithm results in the best performances in terms of Hit / Miss ratio and access speed. Specifically, we show that this modification can improve the access speed of the main memory complex by about 75%, and that the new algorithm manages to achieve the same or better Hit / Miss ratio in almost all cases in comparison to the current alternatives.


Problems of vibrating centrifugal pump impellers and likewise structures with complex geometry, are usually being analysed by means of Finite Element Method or experimental methods. The first step in dynamic analysis is to determine natural frequencies and mode shapes. To classify natural frequencies according to vibration mode shapes, theory of circular plates vibration can be used. This paper shows how impeller vibration mode shapes can be classified for one type of centrifugal pump, and it proves that the impeller presented acts very similarly to circular plate.


How objective are forensic experts when they are retained by opposing sides in adversarial legal proceedings? Despite longstanding concerns from the legal system, we know little about whether experts can provide opinions unbiased by the side that retained them. In this experiment, we paid 108 forensic psychologists and psychiatrists to review the same offender case files, but deceived some to believe they were consulting for the defense, and some to believe they were consulting for the prosecution. Experts scored each offender on two commonly-used, well-researched risk assessment instruments. Experts who believed they were working for the prosecution tended to assign higher risk scores to offenders, whereas those who believed they were working for the defense tended to assign lower risk scores to the same offenders, with effect sizes up to d = .85. Results provide strong evidence of an allegiance effect among some forensic experts in adversarial legal proceedings. 3 ARE FORENSIC EXPERTS BIASED? Are forensic experts biased by the side that retained them? Recently, the National Research Council (NRC, 2009) warned that the accuracy and reliability of many popular forensic science techniques are unknown, that error rates are rarely acknowledged, and that forensic scientists are prone to bias because they "lack independence" from those requesting their services. Emerging research has clearly documented subjectivity and bias even in the forensic science procedures that courts have tended to consider most reliable, such as analyses of DNA (Dror & Hampikian, 2011) and fingerprints (Dror & Cole, 2010). Thus the NRC urged further research on the cognitive and contextual biases that influence forensic experts. The NRC report did not specifically address mental health experts or forensic psychological evaluations. But psychological evaluations—like other forensic science procedures—are often admitted as evidence or presented via expert testimony in adversarial legal proceedings. Indeed, evaluations by mental health experts influence decisions as grave as death sentences (Barefoot v. Estelle, 1983) and indefinite civil confinement (Kansas v. Hendricks, 1997). Therefore, recent concerns regarding forensic science raise questions about whether forensic psychological evaluations might suffer similar problems of unreliability and bias. So how reliable are forensic psychologists and psychiatrists when they are retained as experts in adversarial legal proceedings? For more than a century, courts and legal scholars have lamented apparent bias among medical experts (Bernstein, 2008; Hand, 1901; Mnookin, 2008; Wigmore, 1923). Likewise, practicing judges and attorneys complain that experts sacrifice objectivity for advocacy (e.g., Krafka et al., 2002). But little psychological research has investigated what we call "adversarial allegiance" (Murrie et al., 2009), the presumed tendency for experts to reach conclusions that support the party who retained them. Psychology's delay in 4 ARE FORENSIC EXPERTS BIASED? investigating adversarial allegiance is disappointing, because psychologists are uniquely suited to explore reliability and bias in decision-making. Field Studies of Risk Instruments Suggest, but Do Not Prove, Adversarial Allegiance Recently, we investigated adversarial allegiance by examining sex offender civil commitment proceedings, also known as Sexually Violent Predator (SVP) trials. SVP trials provide an ideal context for studying the possibility of adversarial allegiance, because court decisions depend largely on weighing testimony from opposing experts. Twenty states and the federal system have SVP laws, which allow them to identify sexual offenders whom they consider likely to re-offend and confine them indefinitely after their incarceration (Kansas v. Hendricks, 1997). SVP proceedings routinely involve forensic psychologists and psychiatrists retained by opposing sides who conduct risk assessments of the same offender and consider the same data, often using the same instruments. So we could study adversarial allegiance in SVP proceedings by comparing the scores that defense-retained and prosecution-retained evaluators assigned on popular risk assessment instruments (Murrie, Boccaccini, Johnson, & Janke, 2008; Murrie et al., 2009). Scores on risk instruments are an ideal metric to measure expert opinions, because (a) experts routinely administer these instruments to inform legal proceedings, and (b) dozens of studies document strong rater agreement when clinicians score these instruments in research and practice contexts that are not adversarial. For example, Hare's (2003) Psychopathy ChecklistRevised (PCL-R), an instrument that relies on clinical interview and review of records, is widely used in forensic assessments of risk for violence or sexual violence (Skeem et al, 2011). The PCL-R manual reports strong rater agreement statistics (intraclass correlation [ICC] = .87; Hare, 2003). Indeed, most (92%) pairs of scores from trained raters who score the same offender differ 5 ARE FORENSIC EXPERTS BIASED? by fewer than two points (Gacono & Hutton, 2004), even though PCL-R scores can range from 0-40. However, in a small sample of SVP proceedings that featured PCL-R scores from defense-retained and prosecution-retained evaluators, the ICC for opposing evaluators was .42, indicating that less than half of the variance in PCL-R scores could be attributed to the offenders' true standing on the PCL-R (Murrie et al., 2009). Moreover, the average PCL-R score from prosecution experts was 24, whereas the average score from defense experts was only 18 (Cohen's d = .78). The PCL-R may be especially vulnerable to this allegiance effect because it requires clinicians to make inferences about an offender's personality and emotions (e.g., lack of guilt or remorse, superficial charm). The adversarial allegiance effect was smaller (d = .34) for the Static-99 (Hanson & Thornton, 2000), a highly structured measure scored from file information about criminal history that requires less subjective judgment. These field studies (Murrie et al., 2008; 2009) strongly suggest adversarial allegiance, in that prosecution-retained evaluators assigned higher scores and defense-retained evaluators assigned lower scores to the same offenders. But we cannot draw firm conclusions from these field studies alone, because they investigated scores from experts selected by attorneys. Conceivably, attorneys could have chosen specific experts because they perceived the experts already held attitudes or scoring tendencies conducive to their case. Or perhaps attorneys consulted many experts, but arranged testimony only from those whose opinions were most supportive of their case. For example, a defense attorney might retain several evaluators to examine a client, but request testimony only from the evaluator who assigned the lowest risk scores. Thus, the apparent allegiance in field studies might reflect selection effects, whether in 6 ARE FORENSIC EXPERTS BIASED? terms of which expert an attorney selected to perform an evaluation or which findings an attorney selected to present at trial. Understanding Adversarial Allegiance Requires a True Experiment Field studies raise an important question that can only be answered with a true experiment. Is apparent allegiance due simply to attorneys choosing evaluators who have preexisting attitudes that favor their side, or attorneys calling only experts with the most favorable findings to testify in court (selection effects)? Or do evaluators, once retained and promised payment by one side, tend to form opinions that favor that side (allegiance effects)? If an experiment using random assignment failed to find allegiance effects, it would suggest that the apparent allegiance in the field is due primarily to one or both of these selection effects. But if an experiment using random assignment did find allegiance effects, it would suggest that being retained and paid by one side in an adversarial system may compromise objectivity among experts. To answer this question, we recruited over 100 experienced forensic psychologists and psychiatrists, provided two days of in-person training on risk instruments from established experts, had them meet with an attorney, and then paid them to score risk instruments for up to four offenders. We deceived participants to believe they were performing a large-scale, paid forensic consultation. But unbeknownst to participants, they all received exactly the same four offender files, and each participant was randomly assigned to believe that they were working for the prosecution or the defense.


Many statistics pertaining to information security are cited with little supporting evidence. Consider the fraction of cyber-attacks due to insiders. The U.S. Secret Service in 1996 estimated 60%, Network World in 2000 estimated 70% to 90% for "corporate networks" (and said only 1 in 50 attacks is detected), Deloitte and Touche gave it as 35% in 2004 in a study of the financial industry, a CERT briefing in 2005 gave it as 20%, a Carnegie-Mellon report in 2004 gave it as 39%, and the CSI/FBI annual survey for 2006 estimated that 26% of financial losses anyway came from insiders. Which should we believe? The figures are based on different data collection methods and some are more reliable than others. Most do not adequately identify their sources. To explore this, we have developed a Java data-mining program that collects statements of security-related statistics from the World Wide Web. Besides providing a single source for scattered data, our program permits comparing the sources and influences of statistics.


We have reported before some docking, molecular dynamic simulations and mmpbsa studies of the interactions of four components from the ginger (Zingiber officinale) extracts with human acetylcholinesterase (HssAChE), former described as potential leads for the drug design against Alzheimer disease (AD). Here we moved forward on this study by performing the same theoretical studies, inside human butyrilcholinesterase (HssBChE), for two among the compounds studied before plus two other components of the ginger (Zingiber officinale) extracts, also pointed in literature as potential cholinesterase inhibitors. Our findings points to two compounds: (E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hept-4-en-3-one and 5-[(2S,4R,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]oxan-2-yl]-3-methoxybenzene-1,2-diol, as promising new BChE inhibitors (BChEI) that could be as effective as the known AChE inhibitor (AChEI) donepenzil (DNP). Besides, (E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hept-4-en-3-one showed to be promising as AChEI/BChEI. As before we also mapped the binding of the studied compounds on the different binding pockets inside HssBChE and established the preferred interactions to be favored in the design of new and more efficient inhibitors.


BACKGROUND
Overexpression of fatty acid synthase (FAS), the cytosolic enzyme responsible for the conversion of dietary carbohydrates to fatty acids, has been reported in several human malignancies and pointed as a potential prognostic marker for some tumors. This study investigated whether FAS immunohistochemical expression is correlated with the clinicopathological characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The clinical features of 102 patients with OSCC of the tongue treated in a single institution were obtained from the medical records and all histopathological diagnoses were reviewed. The expression of FAS was determined by the standard immunoperoxidase technique in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens and correlated with the clinicopathological characteristics of the tumors.

RESULTS
Eighty-one cases (79.41%) were positive for FAS. Microscopic characteristics such as histological grade (P < 0.05), lymphatic permeation (P < 0.001), perineural infiltration (P < 0.05), and nodal metastasis (P < 0.02) were associated with FAS status. A significantly lower survival probability for patients with advanced clinical stage (log-rank test, P < 0.001), lymph nodes metastasis (log-rank test, P < 0.001), presence of vascular permeation (log-rank test, P = 0.05), and perineural invasion (log-rank test, P = 0.01) was observed in the studied samples.

CONCLUSION
The expression of FAS in OSCC of the tongue is associated with the microscopic characteristics that determine disease progression and prognosis.


The present article offers the first Polish translation of Theodore Metochites' important essay on the philosophers' use and abuse of irony. The translation is preceded by an introduction which briefly presents the author of the Miscellanea philosophica et historica , upon which it reconstructs the argument of essay 8 and provides an assessment of Metochites' account of irony.


ABSTRACT Different configurations of impinging streams (IS) reactors are designed and widely applied in multiphase reactions. The great properties of IS reactors is to enhance the reaction kinetics by attenuating mass transfer resistances. It is highly important to have information on the residence time distribution (RTD) of fluid elements inside these devices to determine the kinetic behavior of the multiphase reactions performed in IS reactors. Herein, the RTD of fluid inside a two tangentially IS reactor is experimentally measured and theoretically modeled using simple conventional models like the stirred tank in series model. A new and more realistic model is presented that predicts the RTD of such IS reactors with larger precision. It consists of an ideal PFR reactor followed by a recycle reactor consisting of a cascade of tank in series reactor with a recycle stream.


The invention provides a naphthofuran o-quinone compound, the structure of which is as formula A or A1 on the right. The compound, proved by tests, can effectively restrain the activity of Cdc25 of protein tyrosine phosphatase, and can be used for treating diseases mediated by Cdc25, in particular tumor. The invention also provides a preparation method of the inhibitor and the application in preparing drugs used for preventing and treating tumor.


Background: Nigeria now faces a growing burden of chronic diseases. Long-term disorders are the main challenge facing health-care systems worldwide, but health systems are largely configured for individual diseases rather than multi-morbidity. Objective: The study aims at determine the prevalence and patterns of Multi-morbidity among Nigerian elderly and the implications for health care system, research and medical education. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1650 rural elderly in Nigeria between August 2014 to February 2015. Data were collected using questionnaire, history taking, self-report and medical records. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between socio-demographic factors and multi-morbidity. Results: The prevalence of multi-morbidity in this study was 68.4% and it increases with age. Age ≥70 was associated with multi-morbidity in multivariate analysis: adjusted OR = 1.72, 95% CI (1.03–2.77, p = 0.03). The most common chronic diseases were hypertension (84.2%) 95% CI (81.7; 86.7), diabetes mellitus (26.8%) 95% CI (23.3; 30.3), osteoarthritis (37.9%) 95% CI (34.6; 40.4), visual impairments (25.5%) 95% CI (23.1; 27.9) and malnutrition (33.3%) 95% CI (30.5; 36.1). Those aged ≥70 had significantly more malnutrition (39% vs. 20%, P = 0.004) and osteoarthritis (21% vs. 16%, P = 0.02) than those aged 60–69. Conclusion: The high prevalence of multi-morbidity among the elderly requires a re-think in the management of geriatric age group in Nigeria and there is a need for primary health care policy direction to reflect this obvious reality.


focal precipitation of rial, representing myxoid degeneration. The remaining temporal artery was not exam- ined, as active arteritis had not been suspected at the time of necropsy. Pathogenetically, we suggest that the intense aortic inflammation dissolved the elastic fibres, and attenuated the wall. It also obliterated some of the a V erent arterioles (vasae vasorum), leading to multifocal is-chaemic wall necrosis,followed by rupture of the vessel wall, without prior formation of an aneurysm. Despite focally intense inflam- matory infiltrates, it is impossible to determine whether this was an acute exacer- bation of the disease or part of a chronic, active inflammation. Clinically, however, there was no sign of disease activation. It is well known that giant cell arteritis can lead to death by rupture of aortic aneurysm. 3 In this patient, there was inflammatory and ischae- mic aortic wall necrosis without an aneurysm. This has, to our knowledge, not been reported before.


In this paper, pass by bilingual teaching practice in AI, we discuss bilingual teaching in AI from teaching material selecting, teaching method innovating, experiments teaching. improving the teaching quality and to training student's integrative diathesis.


Summary form only given. We have demonstrated strain distribution measurement in a longer range with high spatial resolution by connecting different kinds of fibers. In the experiment, a measurement range of 8 m with spatial resolution of 4 cm can be achieved.


Grazing bifurcations are nonsmooth bifurcations that occur in impacting mechanical oscillators. A sign of the lack of smoothness is a square root expression that arises in mappings describing the dynamics. Certain types of grazing bifurcations involve chaotic bands, or period adding cascades with or without chaotic bands. There is also a characteristic scaling behavior present. Here this type of bifurcation is investigated, and the self-similarity under scaling is used to derive a renormalized limit mapping. A study of the dynamics of the limit mapping identifying all attractors for all parameter values is also presented. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}


Functions of Mittag-Leffler(M-L) type play a special role in the fractional order viscoelastic theory. However,this function converges very slowly and it will likely result in divergence in numerical evaluation. The convergence criterion and the evaluation of M-L functions is discussed. When applying fractional Maxwell model to the stress relaxation,the parameters determined by using the asymptotic solutions of M-L functions are not correct to describe the relaxation process. A method combining genetic algorithm and conjugated gradient was proposed to optimize the model parameters. And the fractional Maxwell model based on the optimized parameters can be used to simulate viscoelastic relaxation process very well.


In this paper we explore the opportunities offered by graphbased link analysis techniques in the development of a semi-automatic image captioning system. The approach we propose is appealing since predicted terms for an image: 1) are in variable number, depending on the image content, 2) represent correlated terms, and 3) can also represent abstract concepts. We present preliminary results on our prototype system and discuss possible extensions.


Nowadays, due to the increase of the digital product which can be operated in dc voltage, the use of dc power has increased inside the electric appliances. As the appliances has been equipped with ac/dc converter to supply the driving voltage of dc voltage by ac/dc converter, there could occur the problems such as poor power factor, harmonic increase of the input current and the conversion loss. The hybrid distribution (HBD) system proposed in this study indicates the total system which is supplied to the all AC and DC loads at home by the renewable energy of PV system together with AC commercial source from the utility. In this paper is verified the operation principle and the feasibility of the designed HBD system. The twin systems are set up for the comparison of the conventional AC system and the proposed HBD system linked under the same conditions. Particularly the distribution efficiency, power factor and harmonic characteristics are investigated.


The fixed structure is how an improved battery module and the production of less trainer (restrainer) is disclosed. The disclosed battery module is less trainer and end plates with less trainer is fastened to a pair of end plates installed at both ends of the cell unit a plurality of cells associated with a battery unit and the end plate of the pair of suppressing the expansion of the battery unit and a through-including the fastening unit for fastening, has a free surface and the part structure in contact with the end plate and less trainer of the fastening unit. With this structure, the developer is prevented from being less trainer and end plate flow along the ridge and valley of the thread surface can stably suppress the deformation of the battery expansion.


AptosynTM Cell Pathways non-small-cell lung cancer Phase III exisuland Horsham, PA (NSCLC) in combination with Taxotere (see also breast, colon, head/neck, prostate, solid tumors) ———————————————————————————— NSCLC in combination with Phase II vinorelbine ———————————————————————————— recurrent or refractory Phase II advanced NSCLC in combination with Gemzar ———————————————————————————— NSCLC in combination with Phase I/II Taxotere ———————————————————————————— metastatic NSCLC in Phase I/II combination with Taxotere and carboplatin ———————————————————————————— small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) Phase I and NSCLC


Problems of the field of Ecological Economics are inherently complex and by definition involve trade-offs among multiple criteria. Moreover, the decisions made involve multiple parties, often with conflicting interests. For these reasons, the multiple criteria decision aid (MCDA) paradigm appears as a valuable tool for the field of Ecological Economics and indeed as an indispensable tool in the cases where participatory decisions must be made. In this work we apply a robustness-oriented MCDA approach to reach a solution for a land use problem in Northern Greece. The mathematical modeling as well as the case study results are presented. © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of HAICTA


A kind of multifunctional direct drive rotary table was successfully applied in turning-milling compound machining center,the main difficulties and key problems during the process of application were introduced and also provided resolving methods.


System security has historically relied on hardware-provided isolation primitives. However, Meltdown [36] and Spectre [30] demonstrate that basic user/kernel isolation could be bypassed in every widely deployed ISA for decades; they are a caution to system designers who accept hardware isolation guarantees as an article of faith. Hardware isolation is fallible and should be considered fallible by software systems. We argue that future systems should broaden their view to adopt techniques that compensate for weaknesses in hardware isolation and should secure and optimize the communication among isolated components. Changing algorithms to be data oblivious, so that their externally observable behavior is independent of their (secret) input data is one such technique. Securing communication requires that the timing and size of messages be independent of secret data, but how best to achieve that independence so as to limit performance and energy overheads will vary from application to application.


Development of transgenic plant increasing crop yield or disease resistance is good way to solve the world food shortage. However, the persistence of marker genes in crops leads to serious public concerns about the safety of transgenic crops. In the present paper, we developed marker-free transgenic rice inserted high molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) gene (Dx5) from the Korean wheat cultivar 'Jokyeong' using Agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation method. Two expression cassettes comprised of separate DNA fragments containing only the Dx5 and hygromycin resistance (HPTII) genes were introduced separately into Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 strain for co-infection. Each EHA105 strain harboring Dx5 or HPTII was infected into rice calli at a 3: 1 ratio of EHA105 with Dx5 gene and EHA105 with HPTII gene expressing cassette. Then, among 66 hygromycin-resistant transformants, we obtained two transgenic lines inserted with both the Dx5 and HPTII genes into the rice genome. We reconfirmed integration of the Dx5 and HPTII genes into the rice genome by Southern blot analysis. Wheat Dx5 transcripts in T1 rice seeds were examined with semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Finally, the marker-free plants containing only the Dx5 gene were successfully screened at the T1 generation. These results show that a co-infection system with two expression cassettes could be an efficient strategy to generate marker-free transgenic rice plants.


It is of great significance to study the seepage characteristics of heavy oil reservoirs, which are conducive to the efficient development of resources. Boundary layer effect (BLE) exists in the pore-scale flow process of macromolecular fluid media, which is different from the flow law of conventional fluid in the pore, yet the influence of BLE is ignored in the previous pore-scale simulation. Conventional porous media simulations have difficulty analyzing the mass transfer law of small-scale models under the influence of microfractures. Based on the CT scanning data and thin section data of the real core in the target area, the rock skeleton and flow space were extracted according to the maximum ball algorithm, and the pore network model representing the complex structure was constructed. The microscale effect of macromolecules in the flow process in the pores was characterized by modifying the effective flow. The effects of the BLE on the effective connectivity, displacement process, and oil distribution law were analyzed. The seepage characteristics of different wettability conditions and different water cut stages were compared. The results show that BLE reduces the effective flow space and leads to deviations in the relative permeability curve and capillary curve. For fractured porous media, the irregular shape of porous media was characterized by the morphological method, and the mass transfer process was analyzed by the equivalent flux method. The influence of the porous media shape on the macromass transfer process was compared. This study provides a solution to the problem of BLE in pore-scale simulation.


This document describes the progress we have made and the lessons we have learned in 2001 through 2003 under the NASA grant entitled "Solving Important Problems Faster". The long-term goal of this research is to accelerate large, irregular scientific applications which have enormous data sets and which are difficult to parallelize. To accomplish this goal, we are exploring two complementary techniques: (i) using compiler-inserted prefetching to automatically hide the I/O latency of accessing these large data sets from disk; and (ii) using thread-level data speculation to enable the optimistic parallelization of applications despite uncertainty as to whether data dependences exist between the resulting threads which would normally make them unsafe to execute in parallel. Overall, we made significant progress in 2001 through 2003, and the project has gone well.


In the modern society,the over-perfect notion of health makes health an inaccessible "Plato" vision to most people.How can we solve the conflict between completeness of modern health view and idealized health target brought by over-perfect view,and strike a balance between completeness of health and its realization? Inspired by Maslow's "needs theory",this paper divides health into four levels from physical,psychological and social dimensions: physical health—physical and psychological health—mental health,society adaptation—perfect condition of health.


This paper presents analysis of evidence on the ways in which the connection between technology and scholarship supported a Community of Practice (CoP) for instructors in a faculty of education in Canada. The goal is to reflect on different types of pedagogical practices of CoP members. We discuss the ways in which both social learning and online technology were harnessed to support professional learning. We based the analysis on notions of collective learning and Bandura's (1986) social cognitive theory that inform studies on professional development. The main unit of analysis is the learning community (Wenger, 1998). CoP members jointly analyzed data from aggregated questionnaires, anonymized notes, and audio and textual recordings of selected meetings, resources archived and follow-up reflection by CoP members. The results showed that four pedagogies were most highly ascribed by CoP members: Culturally Responsive Pedagogies (11.63%; e.g., caring pedagogies, Healing, Global Transformative and Reconciliatory pedagogies), Hands-on and Digital Pedagogies (11.63%; e.g., Maker Education and Materiality pedagogies), Story Telling Pedagogies (13.95%; e.g., Deep, Imaginative, Surprise, Participatory, Story Telling and Learners as Curriculum Makers pedagogies), and 21st Century Teaching (16.28%; e.g., Blended, Digital and Online pedagogies). The findings provide evidence that there is potential in harnessing digital technology for social learning environments within the context of faculty responding to changing higher education institutional factors, including those motivated by the neoliberal management culture.


In the title chiral aldimine, C19H17N, the azomethine group is not fully conjugated with the phenyl substituent: the dihedral angle between phenyl and C*—N=C mean planes is ϕ3 = 23.0 (2)°. Compared with the earlier DFT-B3LYP/6–31 G(d) computations from the literature, the C=N—C*—C(naphthyl) torsion angle, found at ϕ2 = −118.0 (2)° in the X-ray structure, does not match the angle calculated for the potential minimum energy at ϕ2 = 0°. However, this angle is close to the second potential energy minimum at ϕ2 = −120° which is ca. 8.5 kJ mol−1 above the global energy minimum. Thus, the reported X-ray structure corresponds to the second most likely (according to DFT) conformer, allowing the existence of other polymorphs to be anticipated.


This article makes a study of the effects of six different solvents on lacquer wax extraction of the Japanese Rhus succedanea,concerning the rate of extraction,the albedo value,melting point and chemical characteristics.The result indicates that different solvents have significant effects on the rate of lacquer wax extraction and the albedo value of the Japanese Rhus succedanea but not obvious effects on the melting point and chemical characteristics.The experiment comes to the conclusion that the petroleum ether(30~60℃) is the optical menstruum to the urushi wax extraction because the digestion temperature is low,extraction time is short,rate of extraction is high,lacquer wax's albedo value is high,luster is good and finally,the operation process is safe.


Although contemporary cosmology and physics allow the mass to be pushed into the singularity (dimensionless point) in the center of black holes, it still doesn't understand that mass in such a state loses the quality of matter. Matter, being a substance and field, is the energy distributed in space. If we take away space from energy, it then changes to a different quality, to pure energy. Today it is often called the negative, dark energy, causing the expansion of the universe.


Based on software Deform-3D,The finite element model( FEM) for big flakiness ratio produced by conform continuous extrusion is established. This paper studies the metal flow at the exit of die and stress field's distribution with a variety of the choked flow angle during the process of conform continuous extrusion. The mean-square deviation of velocity at the exit of die can be gotten by analysis of variance,which is used for obtaining the effect of the choked flow angle on the formed of copper flat line. The results as follows: When choked flow angle of die changed from 3°to 15°,the mean square deviation of metal flow velocity increased at first and then decreased with angle increasing,at the same time,equivalent stress in the area of the choked flow angle and the stress across the extrusion direction at the entrance of die would be also increased. With a certain length of calibrating and under die loading,the choked flow angles at 3°,5°and 15°can make metal flow velocity relatively stable at the die exit. When die damages easily,the choked flow angle of 3° and 15° can not only reduce die loads,but also get copper flat line which have homogeneous plate shape. The result could provide theoretical basis for the study of the continuous extrusion process and the optimization of technical parameters.


At present, it is a hot-spot in the research of data mining to mine mobility patterns on the basis of GPS trajectories. In order to solve the problems that data sampling frequency uncertainty, the value of experience as period parameter by human input, and spatiotemporal noises and outliers, we propose a framework called PMPM (Periodic Mobility Pattern Mining) to adaptively detect periodic parameters of GPS trajectories, and mine individual mobility patterns. First of all, some approach and algorithms are proposed to extract reference spot set from raw trajectories. Secondly, period of every reference spot is detected by a probabilistic model. Then individual mobility patterns are mined using frequent pattern mining algorithms. Finally, we use real collected data to perform functions for mining individual mobility patterns and demonstrate effectiveness of our framework.


In the 21st century online marketing is the most effective wayof advertising any product or service.Online marketing helps the smallbusinesses and also startup'sin a significant manner.online marketing happens in a virtual and interactive space where the promotion of products and services takes place. The advancement in technology has drastically changed the way of marketing. In online marketing the cost-effective compared to the traditional marketing. Most of the startup's fail due to a lack of proper strategy.Onlinemarketing is innovativelycreating a platform for start-ups in innovative manner to reach the customers the main motto of this presentation is to show the positive side of the online marketing on start-ups and small businesses.


This paper examines the use of groups to reduce, mitigate, and manage intra and inter organizational conflict in social work settings and to mobilize energy to build consensus for change. Illustrations are presented from four settings where short-term groups were used to identify and mediate tension, reach decisions, and make pertinent organizational changes. Practice guidelines drawn from these experiences are suggested.


Dear Sir, Joseph Berkson first described Berkson's paradox to the American Statistical Society about 75 years ago as a type of bias in which unrelated diseases become spuriously associated together [1]. Berkson illustrated the principle with a case– control study linking diabetes with cholecystitis amongst inpatients. Although the two conditions were independent in the community, a misleading positive association was observed amongst patients who seek care. This spurious association occurred because a patient with many diseases was more likely to be hospitalized than a patient with only a single disease. In a later paper, Berkson attempted to invoke his paradox to discredit the causal association between smoking and lung cancer – an ill-advised endeavour that caused Berkson's paradox to fade into obscurity [2].


We have previously presented our work in developing and applying a commercial digital holographic microscopy (DHM) system for volumetric, 3D characterization of bacterial motility. The system was applied to simple biological systems, i.e., single bacterial species, to demonstrate its effectiveness. We are now applying DHM to more realistic conditions, including multiple bacterial types, to differentiate the species of interest for investigating their interactions. Our workflow for species classification and motility characterization combines DHM and machine learning. Specifically, our DHM instrument acquires holograms of single bacterial species and mixtures of different species, the software extracts in-focus images of individual bacteria and their trajectories, and deep convolutional neural network models are constructed and trained using the in-focus images and then deployed to the mixture data for classification. The motility and morphology of the predicted species in the mixture is consistent with the measurements from isolates, verifying the effectiveness of the developed workflow. This work showcases the application of DHM to investigate complex biological systems.


The kinetics of the reaction of 2,4-dinitro-1-chlorobenzene with various aromatic bases to give 2,4-dinitrodiphenylamines have been studied in alcohol, alcohol–acetonitrile, alcohol–dimethylformamide, and alcohol – dimethyl sulfoxide mixtures. No base catalysis has been observed under these conditions. ρ Values have been computed. In the reaction of o-chloro- and p-chloronitrobenzene with hydroxide in 50% dimethyl sulfoxide, the reactivity of both the isomers has been found to be identical, in contradiction to the previously reported observations.


Objectives: To report a case of Brucella peritonitis. Patient and methods: We describe the case of a patient and present a brief review of the few published reports. Results : The patient had alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver and was diagnosed with Brucella non-neutrocytic bacterascites. Conclusio n : Brucellosis is a common zoonosis with worldwide distribution. It is a systemic disease with the potential to predominantly affect one organ or a specific system (focal brucellosis). However, peritoneal focalization of this disease is a very rare presentation.


The present paper tackles the issue of PoS tag conversion within the framework of a distributed web service platform for the automatic creation of language resources. PoS tagging is now considered a "solved problem"; yet, because of the differences in the tagsets, interchange of the various PoS taggers available is still hampered. In this paper we describe the implementation of a PoS-tagged-corpus converter, which is needed for chaining together in a workflow the FreeLing PoS tagger for Italian and the DESR dependency parser, given that these two tools have been developed independently. The conversion problems experienced during the implementation, related to the properties of the different tagsets and of tagset conversion in general, are discussed together with the solutions adopted. Finally, the converter is evaluated by assessing the impact of conversion on the performance of the dependency parser by comparing with the outcome of the native pipeline. From this we learn that in most cases parsing errors are due to actual tagging errors, and not to conversion itself. Besides, information on accuracy loss is an important feature in a distributed environment of (NLP) services, where users need to decide which services best suit their needs.


A pinch-off device comprises a workbench, a shearing mechanism, a conveying mechanism, a clamping mechanism and an electrical equipment control module, wherein a guide rail is arranged on the workbench, the shearing mechanism comprises a first drive piece and a shearing piece, the first driving piece drives the shearing piece to open and close, the first drive piece is mounted on the workbench, the conveying mechanism comprises a second drive piece mounted the workbench, the clamping mechanism is sleeved on the guide rail and comprises a third drive piece and a clamping piece, the third drive piece drives the clamping piece to open and close, the second drive piece drives the clamping mechanism to slide in the first direction of the guide rail or the fourth direction in opposite to the first direction, the electrical equipment control module controls the open and the close of the first drive piece, the second drive piece and the third drive piece, and also controls the driving direction of the second drive piece. The invention further comprises a pinch-off method.


A technique has been developed that adapts the Fast Fourier Transform algorithm for implementation on computers having relatively long multiplication times. The technique is particularly well suited to real-time processing on a small data acquisition computer such as the IBM System/7.

Four basic ideas are utilized to improve the performance of the original Cooley-Tukey algorithm on such a machine: 1) The real-valued nature of the input data is exploited. 2) The number of multiplications that must be carried out is minimized at the expense of additions. 3) The calculations are performed in a carefully ordered sequence. 4) Special multiplication algorithms are used.

This technique has reduced by more than an order of magnitude the time required to carry out 1024-point transformations on a small computer. A program is developed for calculating these transforms in real time on an IBM System/7 computer. With this program, a maximum sampling rate in excess of 10 kHz is obtained.


Rhodnius prolixus is an ancient haematophagous hemipteran insect capable of mounting a powerful immune response. This response is transcriptionally regulated in part by transcription factors of the Rel/Nuclear Factor kappa B (Rel/NF‐κB) family. We have cloned and characterized three members of this transcription factor family in this insect. Dorsal 1A is primarily expressed in early developmental stages. In contrast, dorsal 1B and 1C, both differentially spliced products of dorsal 1A, are expressed primarily in the adult fat body in response to septic injury, suggesting their exclusive role in immunity. Additionally, we identified putative κB binding sites in the 5′ upstream regions of target genes known to be involved in the innate immune response of insects.


While making a survey of the worm parasites of resident birds at the Mountain Lake Biological Station, Mountain Lake (Giles County), Virginia, summer of 1947, a single male specimen of a blood fluke was removed from the mesenteric vein of the chestnut-sided warbler, Dendroica pennsylvanica (Linnaeus). The bird was shot and examined on June 30, and was one of the two specimens of that species taken throughout the summer. In removing it from the vein the worm was broken into 2 pieces. The two pieces became separated into 5 during the process of staining, dehydrating and mounting. In a short abstract Byrd (1956) designated the species Pseudobilharziella littlebi n. sp. On examining the material more closely it was decided that this assignment was untenable since the specimen had a well defined cirrus pouch. Together with other characters the presence of the cirrus pouch makes it necessary to transfer the species from the genus Pseudobilharziella Ejsmont, 1929 to Bilharziella Looss, 1899. Bilharziella littlebi (Byrd, 1956) (Fig. 1, a and b)


Special Notes for iPad Users For iPad users, this course plays in the "Articulate mobile player app", available free from the App store. The app offers a download option for offline learning, but please note that if wish to be able to print your course completion certificate then you need to be on-line when you take the end-of-course test. To continue, you can click the Home icon on the screen to return to the Welcome page of the course.


The development of banking in particular, and the financial system as a whole, is associated with many transformations and transformations that relate not only to certain aspects of the activities of financial institutions, but also to the processes of forming new models for organizing financial transactions. One of these models is the Islamic system of organizing financial activities, which has been actively developing over the past 30 years. However, the question of comparing Islamic finance and the traditional approach to organizing banking activities in terms of their efficiency, stability and liquidity remains open. This study is aimed at identifying and systematizing the main approaches to the comparative assessment of the effectiveness of the two models of financial activity. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the Islamic bank has both differences from traditional banking institutions, which is associated with the specifics of individual states and the architecture of national banking systems, and similar identical characteristics, which indicate an insignificant difference in the efficiency and sustainability of the two models.


Dormancy is an adaptive mechanism that allows woody plants to survive at low temperatures during the winter. Disruption of circadian clock genes in winter or under
low temperatures, both in long days as in short days, were described in our group few years ago (Ramos et al., 2005). Basic mechanisms of the circadian clock function are
similar in herbaceous as well as in woody plants although there are differences in their response to low temperatures (Bieniawska et al., 2008). Woody plants growing in daylight conditions should have a specific transcriptional control above the circadian clock genes, which is responsible of their constitutive transcriptional activation observed under low temperatures conditions. In order to understand this regulatory process, we are analyzing the behavior of a circadian clock gene in poplar. To this aim, we have isolated its promoter region and fused to the luciferase reporter gene. This construct has been transformed into
Populus tremula x P. alba 717-1B4 INRA clone. Here we present the characterization of these transgenic lines under different conditions of light and temperature.


Report presenting knock-limit data recorded for a current 100-octane-number aviation gasoline in a full-scale single-cylinder test engine. Inlet-air temperatures were the temperatures estimated from a consideration of the temperature increase through an aircraft-engine supercharger. The data indicate that the relation of the carburetor-mixture-control characteristics to the knock characteristics of the fuel is an important factor in determining knock-free operation.


In this paper, the morphology of Escherichia coli bacteria grown in the presence of magnesium isotopes (magnetic 25Mg, non-magnetic 24,26Mg and natural Mg), and antibiotics of various groups were studied. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used as the main method. When the bacteria were cultured in the presence of different groups of antibiotics, the following morphological changes were detected: filamentation, cell lysis, cell adhesion, cell wall damage, and the formation of "depressions" or pores. For E. coli bacteria cultured on a medium with tobramycin and lincomycin, a magnetic magnesium isotope effect 25Mg in bacteria morphology was detected, which was manifested as a change in the roughness of bacterial cells. Both of these antibacterial drugs act on the same intracellular system – protein synthesis. It has also been observed that the elongation of bacterial cells, when exposed to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, depends on the type of magnesium isotope in the nutrient medium. The combined action of the 25Mg magnetic isotope and quinolones on bacteria makes it possible to obtain the process followed by significant elongation of cells, thereby indicating improved antibiotic effect, as compared with the nonmagnetic 24,26Mg isotopes.


Connectomes of human cortical gray matter require high-contrast homogeneously stained samples sized at least 2-3 mm on a side, and a whole-mouse brain connectome requires samples sized at least 5-10 mm on a side. Here we report en-bloc staining and embedding protocols for these and other applications, removing a key obstacle for connectomic analyses at mammalian whole-brain level.


Abstract A new genus, Esalquia, is erected to acommodate a new species, Esalquia centennaria (Acari: Eriophyidae), from ferns (Thelypteris sp.) in Brazil.


Delaware's Atlantic coast is relatively short and straight (about 40 km), yet there are major variations in shoreline behavior which are largely determined by antecedent geology and inlet morphology. Rates of coastal erosion are not only quite variable in a spatial sense, but also temporally because of the influence of episodic events. This examination uses long-term (>100 year) shoreline position data to delineate the temporal and spatial variability of shoreline change and demonstrate the influence of tidal inlets and antecedent geology on shoreline configuration. The results indicate that tidal inlets play an important role in shoreline behavior over large segments of the coastal zone, and that antecedent geology appears to play an important role in shoreline stability as well as the long-term evolution of beach position and configuration.


A tooth with a straight root canal and a single foramen is the exception rather than the rule. Most of the canals have multiple curvatures along their length, which poses difficulty in root canal instrumentation. Because of the presence of curved canals in mandibular molars, Endodontic treatment is very challenging. Curved canals have been found to be relatively higher in mandibular molars, ranging from 3.3 to 30.92% when compared to maxillary molars. Constricted canals and curvatures introduce factors that can increase the risk of procedural errors during root canal preparation. A thorough assessment of the preoperative radiographs, careful and a meticulous approach can yield into a safe and a successful endodontic treatment of such teeth. The current case series presents two such interesting cases of endodontic management of curved canals in mandibular molars.


The question of subgroups in eating disorders was addressed in this study. According to the DSM-IV manual, the two subtypes for anorexia nervosa are restricting and binge-eating/purging. For bulimia nervosa, the subtypes are purging and non-purging. An attempt was made here to examine alternative ways to create meaningful subgroups in the eating disordered patient group. A cluster analysis was performed in a group of 52 female patients (AN = 21, BN = 31). Fifty-five undergraduate students served as a control group. Three self report instruments were used: the Eating Disorder Inventory-2, Karolinska Scale of Personality, and Tennessee Self Concept Scale. The results reveal three different groups of patients. Factors like poor interoceptive ability and high degree of somatization differentiate between the groups, and contribute to severity of pathology, as well as to lower levels of self concept. (Less)


A circuit having an autonomous ferroelectric memory latch (AML) is disclosed. An AML characterized by an AML input, an AML output, a first AML power contact, a second AML power contact and an AML state, and a first switch in series with one of the AML input or the AML output. The switch is positioned to prevent the state of the AML from changing when power is provided between the first and second AML power contacts, In one aspect of the invention, the circuit could include a second switch in series with the other of the AML input or the AML output and a latch in series with the AML input or the AML output. The latch is positioned such that a direct path back does not exist between the AML output and the AML input.


A magnitude 5.6 earthquake that shook the San Francisco, Calif. Bay area at 0304:54 UTC on 30 October was the largest temblor in that region since the deadly magnitude 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake along the San Andreas Fault on 17 October 1989.


The following report concerns a bronchiogenic carcinoma which arose in a pulmonary apex scarred by tuberculosis and which produced during its growth the group of symptoms and signs which have evoked comment in recent years under the designation of "superior pulmonary sulcus tumor." This syndrome is not a clinical or pathologic entity, as originally suggested by Pancoast,1according to most recent observers.2It can be produced by various tumors invading the tissues near the apex of the lung, most commonly by bronchiogenic carcinomas. The term "superior pulmonary sulcus" itself, as indicating the site of origin, has also been cogently criticized3and probably should be abandoned. The subject has been well reviewed by the authors cited. On the other hand, a more recent report by Kelman and Schlezinger,4complete with autopsy, described an epithelial malignant tumor of uncertain origin which produced the characteristic complex of pain in


Constant envelope (CE) waveforms are desired for global navigation satellite system (GNSS) due to the fixed amplitude gain and fixed phase offset even after a nonlinear amplifier. Wideband multi-carrier modulation is also beneficial for GNSS in both saving the number of High Power Amplifiers (HPAs) and enhancing the coherency of different GNSS bands. In this paper, we propose multi-carrier CE waveforms (MCEW) compatible with existing GNSS user equipment. We first combine the GNSS channels using subcarriers. Then additional inter-modulation terms are added to create the CE signals. Our framework is generic to convert separate GNSS waveforms to a wideband multi-carrier CE modulation which can be demodulated using existing user equipment. We evaluate the performance of MCEW on GPS L2 and L5 channels. In addition to the navigation PRN chip error rate (CER), we compute the correlation loss (CL) and S-curve bias (SCB). The results demonstrate the efficiency and backward compatibility of the proposed MCEW.


Introduction: Wounds can cause painful lengthy hospital stay, multiple stages of surgeries, and enormous financial burden. Biological dressings collagen granule dressing has advantage over conventional dressing in terms of non-immunogenic, non-pyrogenic, being natural, easy application and decreased days of healing. Objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety of collagen granule dressings and conventional dressing in deep wounds in terms of reduced healing time, number of dressing, healing quality and complications. Methods And Material: A prospective study was done between December 2012 to June 2014 in which 68 patients who presented with deep wounds were chosen by random sampling technique, and were grouped into 2 groups consisting of 34 patients. Results: In our study it was observed that mean % of granulation tissue at 2 weeks in cases was 93.68±10.09 and in controls was 65.59±15.80. There was statistically significant difference of mean % of granulation tissue at 2 weeks among study groups(p<0.01). Mean wound bed score at 2 weeks in cases was 14.2±1.63 and in controls 10.09±2.45. There is statistically significant difference of the wound bed score at 2 weeks between the cases and controls (P<0.01) . Conclusion: Collagen granules showed faster and better healing rates among the study group


Abstract In Southeast Greenland, summer melt and high winter snowfall rates give rise to firn aquifers: vast stores of meltwater buried beneath the ice-sheet surface. Previous detailed studies of a single Greenland firn aquifer site suggest that the water drains into crevasses, but this is not known at a regional scale. We develop and use a tool in Ghub, an online gateway of shared datasets, tools and supercomputing resources for glaciology, to identify crevasses from elevation data collected by NASA's Airborne Topographic Mapper across 29000 km2 of Southeast Greenland. We find crevasses within 3 km of the previously mapped downglacier boundary of the firn aquifer at 20 of 25 flightline crossings. Our data suggest that crevasses widen until they reach the downglacier boundary of the firn aquifer, implying that crevasses collect firn-aquifer water, but we did not find this trend with statistical significance. The median crevasse width, 27 meters, implies an aspect ratio consistent with the crevasses reaching the bed. Our results support the idea that most water in Southeast Greenland firn aquifers drains through crevasses. Less common fates are discharge at the ice-sheet surface (3 of 25 sites) and refreezing at the aquifer bottom (1 of 25 sites).


Objective: To investigate the effects of early rehabilitation intervention on functional recovery in acute stroke patients.Methods:We randomly divided 368 acute stroke patients into test group and control group.The test group(212 acute stroke patients) was given early rehabilitation intervention 48 h after onset of the condition,and the control group consisted of 156 acute stroke patients who were given rehabilitation intervention 2 weeks after the condition was stable.Fugl-Meyer scale was used to assess motor function and balance function at pre-therapy and after 4 weeks of therapy,respectively.Results: The scores of Fugl-Meyer in two groups were similar at pre-therapy stage(P0.05),but at the end of after 4 weeks of therapy,the score of test group was much higher than that of control group,with a significant difference between the two groups (P0.01).The neurologic impairment was reduced,while ADL was improved after 4 weeks of therapy in both groups,with a significant difference between the two groups(P0.05).Conclusion:The early rehabilitation intervention in acute stroke patients can reduce neurologic impairment and improve the motor and balance functions.