Here, we report the ensemble-averaged measurement of SERS hot spots EF from spatially isolated colloidal nanoclusters. This approach was achieved by well-defined Au@Ag core-shell NP dimers and trimers-the simplest structure to investigate SERS hot spots phenomenon. These hot spots units with similar nature were made up of uniform Au@Ag NPs attached by a close-paking Raman reporter monolayer, then stabilized by polymer encapsulation and enriched to high purity by differential centrifugation. To our knowledge this study is the most approximate description of SERS hot spots nanostructures for colloidal ensemble-averaged EF measurement. The calculated averaged EFs are 5.6×103 for monomer and 0.7×106 for hot spot in dimer. It indicated the SERS intensity of the molecule in gap region is higher than that in the outside region by factor of 125.


Preface. Anatomy. Internal carotid artery: correlative anatomy as a guide to surgery (J.T. Keller et al.). Microsurgical anatomy and operative approaches to the lateral ventricles (K. Fujii et. al.). Microsurgical anatomy around the anterior clinoid process (Y. Natori, M. Fukui, A.L. Rhoton Jr.). Aneurysms. Pre-embolization study of ruptured cerebral aneurysm with rotational and 3D reconstruction angiography (C.H. Castao et al.) Surgical treatment of basilar top aneurysms (D.H. Han, C.-H. Lee, C-W. Oh). Hunting intracranial aneurysms: a report of twocases (E. Mahmood). Surgical treatment of giant internal carotid artery aneurysms (K. Mizoi et al.). Large anterior choroidal segment aneurysm: cases report (M.S. Gadea, T. Evans, M.A. Mora). Basilar trunk aneurysms: the rhomboid approach (M.S. Gadea). Surgery of acutely ruptured cerebral aneurysms aided by three-dimensional computerized tomography angiography without conventional angiography (M. Matsumoto et al.). New endoscope-assisted aneurysm clipping (Y. Kato et al.). Matrix: new bio-absorbable polymeric coils for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms (Y. Murayama, F. Vinuela, S. Tateshima). Arteriovenous malformation. Patient-specific vascular models for endovascular and open operative procedures (E. Bullitt, S. Aylward). Brain tumor. Evaluation of virtual endoscopy for application in clinical neurosciences (D.P. Auer et al.). Visualization of major fiber tracts and cortical functions in patients with cerebral gliomas (D.P. Auer, B. Putz, L.M. Auer). Management of craniopharyngioma in children: the present and future (J.-K. Kang, K-S. Lee). Surgery of deep-seated brain tumors (H. Sasajima, K. Mineura, N. Hashimoto). Immunotoxin therapy for primary malignant brain tumors (K.-U. Kim et al.). Simulating minimally invasive neurosurgical interventions using an active manipulator (L.M. Auer et al.). Search for effective therapy against glioblastoma multiforme - clinical immunisation with autologous glioma cells transduced with the human Interferon- #947 gene (L.G. Salford et al.). Diagnostic molecular genetics and its application to clinical decision in brain tumors (N. Hashimoto et al.). Respective indications of radiosurgery and microsurgery in the management of cavernous sinus meningiomas (P.-H. Roche, M. Hayashi, J. Regis). Surgery for craniopharyngiomas extending outside the suprasellar cistern (R. Shirane et al.). Surgical treatment of petroclival meningioma with special reference to timing of radiosurgery for residual tumor (S. Sato et al.). The feasibility of transposition of the vertebral artery in the lateral approach for lesions situated anterior to the spinal cord around the craniovertebral juncion (T. Asano). Anterior transpetrosal+ approach for petroclival tumors (T. Kawase et al.). Endoscope-assisted microsurgery for lesions in cerebello-pontine angle (T. Kanno, I. Okuma, Y. Kato). Opposite effects ofcis-parinaric acid on activities p-38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinases in malignant rat astrocytoma cells (V.C. Traynelis, A. Zaheer, S.K. Sahu). A study of prognostic factors and therapy of intracranial glioma (W.Y. Huo, Y. Zhang). Carotid endarterectomy. High-risk carotid endarterectomy and high-risk carotid surgery: is surgery or stenting the best choice? (C.M. Loftus). Carotid stenting with distal balloon protection: technical considerations (preliminary experience) (J.J. Vitek et al.). Combined carotid and coronary revascularization (M.J. Link et al.). Carotid endarterectomy using regional anesthesia in high-risk patients (R.E. Harbaugh). Emergency carotid endarterectomy (S. Endo et al.). Carotid endarterectomy for patients with carotid artery stenosis and reconstructive surgery for blunt injury of the common carotid artery (T. Shima et al.). Cavernous angioma. Surgery for the cavernous angioma in the brainstem (K. Hongo, S. Kobayashi). Central nervous system injury. A new model of cortical plasticity using rat whisker barrel cortex (C. Hodge et al.). Cell and tissue damage in relation to apoptosis-linked molecules in experimental cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and traumatic spinal cord injury (T. Yamamoto et al.). Cerebrovascular disease. Clinical application of electroneurophysiology for cerebrovascular diseases: a historical aspect (A. Suzuki). Lateral suboccipital approach and utility of lateral arched skin incision in the treatment of vertebral and lower basilar artery aneurysm (N. Yasui et al.). EC-IC bypass. EC/IC bypass using a long-vein graft (T. Eguchi). Retroauricular subcutaneous Dacron or Gore-Tex tunnel for extracranial-intracranial autologous vein bypass (Y. Okada et al.). Epilepsy. Posterior cerebral epilepsy: special considerations (J.D. Grabow). Vagus nerve stimulation for refractory partial epileptic seizures: a short-term and long-term investigation in Japan - seven institutes study (T. Asakura et al.). Diagnostic and therapeutic neurosurgical procedures in epilepsy surgery (Y.-H. Shih). Ischemia. Management strategy for carotid artery steno-occlusion (D.-S. Kim et al.). Management of patients with ischemic stroke (J. Nakagawara). Normal pressure hydrocephalus. Management of patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus by using lumboperitoneal shunt system with the Codman Hakim programmable valve: 6 years of clinical experience (N. Kuwana et al.). Parkinson disease and involuntary movement. Higher brain function disturbance in Parkinson's disease patients: an evaluation based on electrophysiological investigation (K. Hirata et al.). Radiosurgery. Early experience of fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery in Korea (C.J. Whang). CyberKnife radiosurgery for brain and spinal tumors (J.R. Adler). A frameless stereotactic radiosurgery system: utilization of a mobile CT, mask immobilization and micro-multileaf collimators (T. Kubota et al.). Spine. Clinical experience with a new load-sharing anterior cervical plate (R.I. Apfelbaum et al.). Surgical technique in spinal dysraphism - variations on a theme (K.L. Karagiozov). Anterior cervical dissectomy with intervertebral bioactive glass-ceramics prostheses replacement (M. Vaverka, L. Hrabalek). Cervical spinal injury: experience with 82 cases (N. Alam et al.). Anterior microsurgery in multisegmental cervical spondylosis (S.D. Bao et al.). Subarachnoid hemorrhage. Controlled drainage of lumbar cerebrospinal fluid for the management of increased intracranial pressure in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (P. Schmiedek et al.). Prevention of vasospasm - cisternal irrigation therapy with urokinase and ascorbic acid (T. Sasaki et al.). The development of neurosurgery in Vietnam (V.V. Nho). Miscellaneous. Comparison of the long-term results of microvascular decompression and percutaneous trigeminal neurolysis for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (R.I. Apfelbaum). The neuron saga (H. Fodstad). Functional neuroimaging in psychiatry (K. Maurer et al.). A proposal for the active treatment at subacute and chronic stages in cases of traumatic and vascular diseases (T. Kanno, I. Okuma). Author index. Keyword index.


Water demand forecasting plays an important role in the sustainable management of water resources, especially in countries facing water scarcity challenges, such as the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Al-Ain, the second-largest city within the Emirate of Abu Dhabi and the fourth largest in the UAE, faces the dual challenge of anticipated population growth and forthcoming development initiatives. These factors are set to exert added pressure on the city's water resources. Hence, Al-Ain City requires an immediate assessment of future water demands as a critical step toward achieving sustainable development. The main objective of this study is to conduct a systematic analysis of historical consumption patterns and other relevant factors to predict future water demand and to present a water demand forecasting model to project the water requirements of Al-Ain City up to the year 2030. The proposed "Linear Forecast Model" for Al-Ain City is developed using the IWR-MAIN software (Version 6.0), with its core code developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Institute for Water Resources. The results of this model suggest that the total water demand is projected to increase by 45% by the year 2030. Among the sectors, the residential sector is expected to have the highest water demand, accounting for approximately 61% of the total water demand by 2030. The governmental and agricultural sectors are estimated to contribute 20% and 10% to the total demand, respectively, with the remaining 9% distributed across the other four sectors.


This article examines Gina Rinehart's numerous attempts to suppress information and stay proceedings in the extraordinary litigation in the Rinehart family trust dispute. This litigation, while only at its pre-trial stage, has delivered significant judgments on the new legislative powers to depart from the principle of open justice and the law relating to stays of proceedings (stays of a substantive claim and stays pending an appeal to the High Court). This article analyses the principle of open justice and the power to depart from it at common law and under the Court Suppression and Non-publication Orders Act 2010 (NSW). This legislation has national significance as it is the model statute that aims to be implemented in all Australian jurisdictions and is a Federal Bill. The Rinehart litigation is detailed in the article. The litigation proves that open justice continues to be fundamental under the model statute and that the media has an important role in ensuring its protection. Possible future questions under the statute could be about the meaning of 'suppression' and the operational differences in seeking review under the Federal and NSW model. The Rinehart litigation is significant as it has redefined the test for seeking a stay of orders pending proceedings in the High Court. The litigation also considered whether a claim can be stayed due to an agreement to use alternative dispute resolution mechanisms. Further, this litigation signals future legal development may occur on the issue of whether trustee disputes are arbitrable.


In order to prevent the formation of inclusion and pores in the water-chamber casting, numerical simulation was used to determine an optimized casting process based on the characteristics of the water chamber. The structure of the water chamber was first analyzed and found to have complex structures with a large difference in wall thickness. The optimized casting process was designed after careful inspection of the defects within the original casting. A new gating system with incorporation of insulting risers, graphite chills, and ceramic filters was then used in the new casting process. The simulated results show no defect was produced using the new gating system, and the result is confirmed by ultrasonic inspection on the casting.


ABSTRACT Writing decades ago about Africa's experience of "international" trade during the 16th to 20th centuries, the great African historian, Kenneth Onwuka Dike (1917–1983), made a sociologically poignant remark about what he termed the "ingrained instincts of piracy" – instincts he believed were the constant amidst the mutating contents, contours and stratagems of capitalist enterprise. Dike made two grim interrelated diagnoses about capitalism on account of these instincts. One, it is these instincts that ultimately frustrated all efforts by governments and society in crafting a code of conduct to regulate commerce. Two, every regulation designed to imbue capitalism with a modicum of humaneness has ultimately been rendered unworkable because of these same instincts. In this article, "pirate capitalism" is put forward not only as a didactic tool for dissecting the antinomical impulses of historical capitalism, but also as a distinct social form whose present-day pathological character in Africa is amply displayed in a hideous balance of benevolence and brigandage. The article submits that with pirate capitalism now a dominant index of business-government and business-society relations, Africa remains ambushed, with much of capitalism's claimed benevolence being, at best, a tragedy of good intentions, and at worst, a debilitating series of phoney gestures.


In the last 6 months the number of visits to the elderly Posyandu in Jorong Batabuah New
Koto only 5.3% of 189 inhabitants. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors
associated with visits to the elderly Posyandu in Jorong Batabuah Koto Baru Kenagarian
Bukik Batabuah Puskesmas Lasi Agam done in August 2015. The research was conducted
through a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique is total sampling with inclusion
and exclusion criteria so that the number of samples 168 respondents. Data collection is
done on 4 to 18 December 2015 by using questionnaires and processed and analyzed with
frequency distribution table is then tested with Chi-square. The results showed visits to the
elderly Posyandu in Jorong Batabuah Koto Baru still low 1-2 visits in the last 6 months.
Factors knowledge, attitudes, support health care workers, family support and within the
home (accessibility) of the Posyandu elderly elderly there is a significant relationship with
the elderly to visit the elderly Posyandu (p = 0.000). Recommendations from this study are
expected to further improve the implementation of the health workers counseling about
posyandu elderly on a regular basis, the addition amount of cadre's, elderly family can
provide such support to Posyandu remind schedule and deliver to the elderly Posyandu.
Keyword : elderly , elderly neighborhood health center , visits the elderly
Bibliography : 46 (2005-2015)


Computers are attacked more and more by computer virus. People want to know extremely the knowledge of computer virus. This is the detailed explanation of how to prevent to computer virus and how to control computer virus.


Objective to investigate the incidence and contrast the divergence about birth defects among children of 0-7 years old in the regions of Yichang.Methods Totally 10 130 children of 0-7 years old were selected from 13 districts of Yichang city by means of stratified random sampling for the screening of birth defect.The results were expressed as percentage,and the difference of enumeration date were detected with the χ2 test.Result Totally 10 130 questions were sent out,and 9 869 were accurately filled.The valid rate was 99.11%,including 5 520 for boys and 4 349 for girls,and the ration of boy to girl was 1.27:1,198 cases were screened to have birth defects,including 132 boys and 66 girls.The tatal prevalence rate was 2.006%.The defectes of the urinary reproductive system and skeletal muscle were obviously higher in the mountain areas.The incidence rate of birth defects in the boys was obviously higher than girls(χ2=9.299,P0.01).Conclusion The incidence rate of birth defects in children of 0-7 years old from different regions of Yichang city was higher than the domestic average level,and have obviously difference of region and gender.The incidence rate of birth defects in the mountain areas with bad economic status should be the key points for the monitoring of birth defects in the future.It is of significance to enhance the health knowledge and education during pregnancy for lower the incidence rate of birth defects.


Consider a one-dimensional random walk model where a particle starting at the origin at any instant either takes a jump through a unit distance to the right with probability p 1, or stays at the same position with probability p 0, or else takes a jump through either of 1, 2, … μ, units of distance to the left with probabilities p -1, p -2, …, p-μ respectively.


Written by a leading expert in copyright valuation, the paper reviews critical considerations for estimating damages in litigation regarding musical compositions and sound recordings. These valuations can also be related to matters involving breach of contract, tortuous interference, personal and commercial injury, and wrongful death. The author has used the techniques in a number of litigation matters involving prominent record labels, music publishers, performers, and songwriters.


This paper considers the generalized assignment problem (GAP). It is well-known NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem that is interesting in itself and also appears as a sub problem in other problems of practical importance. Line-up competition Differential Evolution algorithm for the GAP is proposed. The algorithm uses integer-coding structure, and introduces the idea of line-up competition. The experimental results indicates that, compared with other algorithms, this algorithm has the characteristics of quick convergence speed, of falling into local optimization rarely and of powerful optimization-searching ability and this algorithm can solve GAP effectively.


Contents include: Southern Appalachian Red Spruce--Fraser Fir Forests; A tree ring analysis of Red Spruce in the Southern Appalachian Mountains; Utilizing time series models and spatial analysis of forecast residuals for tree-ring analysis of Red Spruce; A fractal approach to analysis of tree-ring increments; Red Spruce Tree Ring Analysis using a Kalman Filter.


The turbulent 1990s typified by increased product development and marketing costs as well as increasing international competition, focussed marketing managers on cost‐saving tactics to increase competitiveness. One of the most important effects was to make brand extensions more compelling and frequent. While leveraging the brand equity of a successful brand promises to make introduction of a new entry less costly, success depends on the underlying brand knowledge and image among consumers. Explores the consumer dimensions of brand equity, the benefits and dangers of brand extension, and culminates in a series of implications and recommendations for successful brand extensions.


Pancreatic pseudocyst is a localized fluid collection that is rich in amylase and other pancreatic enzymes and is surrounded by a wall of fibrous tissue. Pseudocysts are connected to the pancreatic ductal system, through the pancreatic parenchyma. It is caused by pancreatic ductal disruption either due to stenosis, calculi, or protein plugs obstructing the main pancreatic ductal system or as a result of pancreatic necrosis following an attack of acute pancreatitis. Pseudocysts are a common clinical problem and complicate the course of chronic pancreatitis in 30%–40% of patients but rarely seen in children. A case of a 4yr old who presented with abdominal swelling and vomiting. His initial diagnosis after a barium meal study was retrogastric mass such as duplication cyst/mesenteric cyst. However, ultrasound scan confirms a diagnosis of pancreatic pseudocyst. The case is here presented with a literature review.


Presents a method to establish real-time connections with guaranteed quality-of-services, based on per-session (/spl sigma/,/spl rho/)-characterization. Under two distinctive service disciplines, rate proportional processor sharing and fixed rate processor sharing, the authors derive tighter probabilistic bounds on per-session end-to-end overage cell loss rate, which is caused by either buffer overflow in the route or excessive delay at the destination. One remarkable feature of the bounding solutions is that they are solely determined by the probabilistic (/spl sigma/,/spl rho/) characterization of each session itself, independent of the network environment and other connections. To improve network resource utilization, the method is extended to allow statistical sharing of buffer resources at each node. The admission control scheme presented in the paper has a great flexibility in connection management since both bandwidth and buffer resources can be adaptively allocated among incoming and existing sessions according to present network resource availability. The (/spl sigma/,/spl rho/)-characterization strongly depends on traffic characteristics. The study of real multimedia traffic streams reveals the interrelationship among (/spl sigma/,/spl rho/)-characterization, traffic statistics and QOS constraint and also provides many engineering aspects of (/spl sigma/,/spl rho/)-characterization for connection management.


Preface 1. International relations as political theory 2. The Prince and 'the pauper' 3. Ethics, modernity, community 4. History, structure, reification 5. Realism international relations to world politics 6. The territorial state and the theme of Gulliver 7. On the spatio-temporal conditions of democratic practice 8. Sovereign identities and the politics of forgetting Notes Bibliography Index.


During the last decade completion axillary lymph node dissection (cALND) was gradually omitted in sentinel lymph node positive (SLN+) breast cancer patients. However, adoption varies among hospitals. We analyzed factors associated with the omission of cALND in all Dutch SLN+ patients. As one of the focus hospital‐related factors we defined "innovative" as the percentage of gene‐expression profile (GEP) deployment within the indicated group of patients per hospital as a proxy for early adoption of innovations. cT1‐2N0M0 SLN+ patients treated between 2011 and 2018 were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Hospitals were defined to be innovative based on their GEP use. Multivariable logistic regression (MLR) was performed to assess the relationship between innovative capacity, patient‐, treatment‐ and hospital‐related characteristics and cALND performance. 14 317 patients were included. Treatment in a hospital with high innovative capacity was associated with a lower probability of receiving cALND (OR 0.69, OR 0.46 and OR 0.35 in modestly, fairly and very innovative, respectively). Other factors associated with a lower probability of receiving a cALND were age 70 and 79 years and ≥79 years (ORs 0.59 [95% CI: 0.50‐0.68] and 0.21 [95% CI: 0.17‐0.26]) and treatment in an academic hospital (OR 0.41 [95% CI: 0.33‐0.51]). Factors associated with an increased probability of undergoing cALND were HR−/HER2− tumors (OR 1.46 [95% CI: 1.19‐1.80]), macrometastatic lymph node involvement (OR 6.37 [95% CI: 5.70‐7.13]) and mastectomy (OR 4.57 [95% CI: 4.09‐5.10]). Patients treated in a hospital that early adopted innovations were less likely to receive cALND. Our findings endorse the need for studies on barriers and facilitators of implementing innovations.


We read with great interest the paper "Effects of treatment regimens on survival in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma" by Abakay et al1. The treatment of mesothelioma remains difficult and most patients are treated without expection of cure; in this study, 266 patients, received only best supportive care. Instead, only 16 patients received a multimodality approach with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This study confirms radiotherapy to be effective when used as part of a multimodality approach, when an extrapleural pneumonectomy was planned2. Mesothelioma cells, indeed, are not particularly radioresistant, therefore radiotherapy is biologically effective in tumor control; however, radiotherapy target is very close to radiosensitive structures. Despite there is no randomized clinical trial to support radiotherapy as adjuvant treatment, the best locoregional control is obtained in clinical trial adopting a multimodality treatment, as in other aggressive tumors3,4. Because of high local control of extrapleural pneumonectomy and radiotherapy, it is now possible to see a metastatizing mesothelioma5. That being so, the role of chemotherapy is not well defined and active regimens6 (cisplatin/gemcitabine and cisplatin/premetrexed) must lead to a reduction of disease diffusion in celom-derived membranes. To decrease mortality and morbidity associated to extrapleural pneumonectomy7, pleurectomy/decortication plus adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy is been proposed. Luckraz et al8 reported 26 month median survival in 24 patients treated by pleurectomy/decortication, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In this setting of patients, a radiotherapy with an high conformal dose distributionis necessary to increase effectiveness of treatment and decrease acute and late side effects sparing organs at risk. Ahamad et al9 demonstrated 100% in field local control in the first 45 patients. In palliative settings radiotherapy plays an important role to decrease size of tumor or severity of symptoms. It is demonstrated a equal result between palliation with radiotherapy and chemotherapy10; however, have all clinical trials testing chemotherapy (Treasur T Lancet Oncol 2011) offer radiotherapy to patients with painful disease and/or mechanical obstruction. In our institutes, radiotherapy is routinely offered to be tailored to the specific particular needs of each patient considering histological subtype, tumour stage and patient's individual functional assessment as well as comorbidity.


Azo dyes pose serious threat to public health because of its toxicity and carcinogenicity.Azoreductase locating on membrane and inside bacterial is capable of decolouring and degrading azodyes released by industrial effluents,especially the ones with thermostability which are promising in the treatment of printing and dying wastewater and the nitro aromatic compound pollution control.But the data available on the structure and thermoactive azoreductase enzyme and its degradation pathway are still very less.We constructed the three-dimensional structure model of STA using homology modeling method.Model analysis,evaluation and the comparisons with the structures of other bacteria-oriented FMN independent azoreductases showed that STA was a hydrophilic proteins with typicalα/βstructure and a helix transmembrane zone.The denaturation and decoloration experiments conducted with the raw azoreductase from a thermoactive strain of Bacillus confirms the conclusion drawn in silicon study that the thermostability of this azoreductase depends on its hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bond.These results will pave way for further increase in azoreductase activity under the high temperature and for better utilization of this dye degradation mechanism.


In this paper, we contribute to the existing body of knowledge of video indexing technology by presenting a novel approach for recognition of tennis strokes from consumer-grade video cameras. To classify four categories with three strokes of interest (forehand, backhand, serve, no-stroke), we extract features as a time series from stick figure overlays generated using OpenPose library. To process spatiotemporal feature space, we experimented with three variations of LSTM-based classifier models. From a selection of publicly available videos, trained models achieved an average accuracy of between 97%–100%. To demonstrate transferability of our approach, future work will include other individual and team sports, while maintaining focus on feature extraction techniques with minimal reliance on domain expertise.


Stunting is one of several health indicators that contribute to the quality of future generations of human resources. This is a very serious problem, considering the impact it can cause on the future. One of the causes of stunting is the maternal condition of the mother prior to and during pregnancy. This study aims to determine maternal factors that affect the incidence of toddler stunting in Indonesia. This study analyzes Riskesdas' 2013 data using logistic regression analysis. Maternal factors affecting stunting included mothers with an arm circumference of less than 23.5 cm, a lack of iron consumption during pregnancy, birth of the first child while under 21 years of age, low maternal education, and family economic status in quintiles 1, 2, and 3. Keywords—maternal factors, stunting


This paper presents the design and analysis of composite right left hand (CRLH) electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure. The proposed unit cell is consistent of a dielectric substrate with dimensions of 5×5×1 mm3 made of FR4-Epoxy with εr = 4.4 underneath of a conductive patch with dimensions of 4.4×4.4mm2. The unit cell is structured to perform a negative permittivity (ε) and negative permeability (µ) in different bands. The proposed unit cell is developed to 5G systems in the sub-6GHz bands. In this work, a complete analysis of the unit cell in terms of Sparameters, constitutive parameters and refraction index are evaluated using HFSS simulation package based on Finite Element Method (FEM).


It is claimed that the technology institutes of Hebei province pay sufficient attention to the English education with regard to the curricula. Yet,it is found out,meanwhile,certain curricula are out of place with insufficient resources and fewer practices. Countermeasures are discussed.


Background: Pregnancy is one of the important phases that will be later by women in general. The presence of prospective children also brings up feelings of happiness especially if always accompanied by family. However different things happen when pregnant women have to work and wander. The goal of the study was to understand the psychological dynamics in women with first pregnancies and work in wander.
Methods: This study used qualitative methods with phenomenological approaches. Participants in this study were 2 women with the first pregnancy who worked in wander. The data collection techniques used are in-depth observations and interviews.
Result:. This study produced 7 major themes including: 1) Physical and psychological conditions when positively pregnant; 2) Problems during pregnancy; 3) Work environment; 4). Relationships with family; 5) Relationship with husband; 6) Coping during pregnancy; 7) Hope during pregnancy and welcome the birth of the first child.
Conclusion:Psychologically pregnant women feel anxiety, worry and stress. Physically there are changes from easily tired, nausea, changes in body shape and sleep disorders appear. Socially, there has been no significant change.


Introduction: The population aging raises the need for the inclusion of older people in research, and therefore, the review of ethical guidelines that grant protection to this age group, especially in conditions of vulnerability. Objective: To find out about the ethical conditions involved in research with older people and the protection they should be afforded as research subjects. Methods: Narrative review of 15 original articles published between 2001 and 2021, indexed in the PUBMED, Web of Science, CINAHL, and SCOPUS databases. The descriptors used were Ethics in Research and Aged/ Elderly. Results: The main findings point to the poverty of research on aging issues and unjustified discrimination in the participation of older people in clinical studies. An update is provided on the ethical conditions for research on older people, according to the requirements set out by Emanuel. Conclusions: The need to include older people in clinical research is imperative, for which it is necessary to integrate advances in Chilean legislation that allow the participation of this age group in different situations of vulnerability while maintaining the conditions of protection contemplated in international ethical guidelines and agreements. Participatory research and methods that include the community can be an opportunity to approach research within a framework of respect and citizen education.


Basigin is a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily which has strong homology with both Ig Vκ domain and the β-chain of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen. Human basigin is also known as M6 antigen, neurothelin and EMMPRIN (extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer). In this study, we developed a novel anti-human basigin monoclonal antibody, J-BIT-1 and used it to map out the distribution of basigin in human tissues. The specificity of J-BIT-1 was confirmed by western blot analysis and immunocytochemical techniques utilizing basigin cDNA transfected L cells. J-BIT-1 appropriated to immunohistochemical staining for formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues and methanol-fixed cells. Excellent immunostaining results were obtained with formalin-fixed tissues after the antigen retrieval procedure. Our immunohistochemical observations revealed that basigin is widely expressed in various organs, but on specific cell types, such as blood capillaries of the brain, proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney, cardiac muscle of the heart, trophoblasts of the placenta and basal cells of the stratified squamous epithelium. The location of basigin is the cell surface, especially the site of cell adhesion. These observations suggest that basigin might be involved in basic cell functions which are promoted with cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interaction.


This paper describes a method for the probabilistic fatigue design which is implemented in a prototype system for the cost effective life-cycle structural design of floaters. The method is based on a reliability analysis of crack growth for which the Paris-Erdogan relation is assumed. The planned inspections with their qualities and a repair strategy are allowed for. The total life-cycle includes the initial cost, the inspection risk, the repair risk and the failure risk. An example is given which illustrates application of the system to an existing design. It is concluded that the system is able to give estimates for complex design queries at an early design stage.


The determination of accurate source depths for globally observed earthquakes has long been one of the most problematic issues in earthquake source seismology. The optimal method for constraining the depths of teleseismically observed earthquakes is through the identification of near‐source surface reflections—depth phases. However, observing such phases is complicated by the relatively small amplitude of these arrivals compared to the background noise, particularly for earthquakes with Mw < 5.5. In this study, I present a methodology for leveraging the recent expansion in global seismic network coverage to enhance the identification of coherent depth phases through an automated stacking routine using a globally distributed array. While depth solutions for each individual depth phase are often nonunique, the identification of potential depths across multiple different phases, where each shows the correct distance‐dependent delay, provides a robust way to semiautomatically determine the source depth of an earthquake. I present a range of examples for the processing routine developed, along with an example for its regional application, to the North Chilean subduction zone. The technique presented offers an opportunity to improve depth estimates for earthquakes down to Mw4.9 and, requiring significantly less analyst input than other techniques offering a similar resolution, has the potential to be applied to large earthquake data sets.


A novel compound 4,4'‐diphenylmethane‐bis(methyl) carbamate (CM1) was shown to possess preventive activity on AGEs‐induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) damage via binding to RAGE. However, the underlying structural basis of CM1 on binding to RAGE was not fully understood.


Data visualization gives a visual context through maps or graphs and makes it easier for the human mind to identify trends, patterns, and outliers within large data sets. The understanding of patterns and location of crime through data visualization and data mining techniques approaches is a very useful tool which can help and support police forces. Identification of crime characteristics and types are the first step for developing further analysis. This paper describes the development of data visualization tool using Unity 3D and Maptitude GIS for visualization of Baltimore COVID-19 and crime data. This effort aims to determine parameters that influence the vulnerability of African Americans to COVID-19 during the pandemic. The study has found that the factors shown to be influential in a person's susceptibility include neighborhood and physical environment, housing, occupation, education, income, and wealth gaps. The data collected from Baltimore incident reports and findings shared by Maryland SOA office shows that crime has increased and decreased in different areas during the time of COVID pandemic.


of from 43 with and all We tested for an association between and HLA alleles through proxy single-nucleotide polymorphisms and imputation, confirming associations by high-resolution sequence-based HLA typing. We replicated the associations in samples from 145 subjects with


Device emulation is a common necessity that arises at various steps of the development cycle, hardware migration, or reverse-engineering. While implementing the algorithms behind the device may be a nontrivial task by itself, connecting the emulator to an existing environment, such as drivers intended to work with the actual hardware, may be no less complex. Devices relying on memory-mapped input/output are of a particular interest, because unlike port-mapped input/output there is much less of a chance that the target platform provides a direct interface to intercept the transmissions. A well-known approach used in various virtual machine software is to put the entire operating system under a hypervisor and build the emulator externally. This may not be desirable for reasons like hypervisor complexity, performance loss, and additional requirements for the host hardware. In this paper we extend this approach to the kernel and explain how it may be possible to build the emulator by relying on the existing interfaces provided by an operating system. Given the common availability of an MMU unit as well as memory protection mechanisms, allowing the handling of page or segment traps at read or write access, we presume that a suggested technique of intercepting memory-mapped input/output could be implemented in a broad number of target platforms. To illustrate the specifics and show potential issues we provide the ways to simplify the implementation and optimize it in speed depending on the target capabilities, the protocol emulated, and the project requirements. As a working proof we created a SMC emulator for an x86 target, which makes use of this approach.


A time domain atom interferometer is used to compare the frequency of the Mg intercombination transition at 457 nm with an optical oscillator with sub-kHz resolution. An estimated accuracy of 2/spl middot/10/sup -15/ is achieved with laser cooled and trapped atoms. The resolved line Q-factor is better than 10/sup 12/.


Objective To investigate the relationship between vulvovaginal candidiasis(VVC) and the perinatal stage outcome during pregnancy.Methods 376 pregnant women were enrolled in the study.All the cases underwent routine vaginal secretion examination and detection of Candida cultivation.The data of common clinical manifestation and the outcome of perinatal stage were collected.Results In all the 376 cases,the culture positive rate was 30.32%,and morbidity was 19.15%.114 strains candida were detected,and 62.28% of them were candida albicans.In early,middle,and late stage of pregnancy,the incidence of VVC was 32.77%,22.76% and 35.07% respectively,there were no significant differences among different stages(P0.05).However the incidences of uterine-incision delivery,puerperal infection,premature rupture of membrane,premature birth,neonate fungi-phore,were significantly higher in VVC infection group than those in control group(P0.05 or 0.01).Conclusion The VVC infection during pregnancy is not related to the pregnant stage,however,which can result in adverse outcome during perinatal stage.It suggested that VVC infection should be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.


A preliminary notice of the discovery of Cretaceous and Tertiary strata, based on studies of a small sedimentary basin at Iren Dabasu within the first 265 miles of exploratory travel of the Third Asiatic Expedition, was published as No. 42, American Museum Novitates, August 7, 1922. The expedition subsequently covered approximately 3000 miles of scientifically unknown territory in Mongolia, crossing the Gobi Desert twice, reaching as far north as Urga, the capital, near the Siberian frontier, as far west as Sain Noin Khan and Tsagan Nor, and finally crossing the easterly range of the Altai Mountains with its bordering desert basins, in a side journey, as far south as the Gurban Saikhan. From these advance positions the return course was by a new route to Kalgan, nearly 1000 miles distant from the Last general camp at Tsagan Nor. (See accompanying map for itinerary.) Special and first attention was given to the later sedimentary strata which seemed to promise reptilian and mammalian fossils. But the continuous route study that was conducted by the geologic staff, no matter how rapidly or erratically the expedition moved, has given basis also for an outline both of the older geologic features, the structural and deformational detail of the later fossil-bearing sedimentary formations of the desert basins and of the still later physiographic history. An advance summary of the stratigraphy of the later sediments is the purpose of this present statement. Other numbers are to be prepared, one for the older geologic features and one for the physiography. The observations forming the basis of this study were made between April 19 and September 19, 1922 and cover the whole field season, including the work at Iren Dabasu already announced.2


Based on the analysis of characteristics and environmental management present state of high-grade mountain tourism area,studying the dynamic changes about element factor of tourism environmental carrying capacity with increasing of the tourist trade——A case study of Zhangjiajie National Forest Park was discussed,as well as analyzed the variation regularity of environmental carrying capacity,providing fundamental basis for rational exploitation and management game about tourism environmental carrying capacity.


Disturbance in the power grids is a problem that is spread worldwide and have negative effecton the power quality. It also gives unwanted costs for consumers as well as producers ofelectrical power ...


The x-ray Debye-Waller factors and Debye temp. for three metal-org. complexes taken in the powder form were detd. by measuring integrated intensities of selected Bragg reflections at room temp. The characteristic specific Debye temps. estd. from these values were compared with theor. values. [on SciFinder(R)]


Contact angles of various liquids on wool fibers are measured using the liquid droplet method. A computational technique greatly simplifies contact angle calculations. Sur face energy components of differently treated wool fibers are determined from the contact angle data using current theories of surface energy. Values for the surface energy of wool fibers calculated using the equation of state and the geometric-mean equations show a dependence on the kind of liquid used. Calculations based on the acid-base approach give more consistent results, but for wool fibers with high polar components, reliable results are obtained only with particular liquids. Untreated wool fibers are weak γ- monopoles. Wool fibers set in steam have a higher γ LW and γ+, with the γ - remaining unchanged. Chlorination changes wool fibers to bipolar solids with substantial increases in γ LW ,γ+, and γ-.


This paper describes a disk-based algorithm for finding shortest paths in a large network system. It employs a strategy of processing the network piece by piece and is based on new algorithms for graph partitioning and for finding shortest paths that overcome the problem of existing approaches. To show that it is scalable to large network systems and is adaptable to different computing environments, seven states in Tiger/Line files are extracted as test cases and are experimented on machines with different configurations. The running time for finding the shortest path depends primarily on the power of the underlying systems. Moreover, to run the algorithm optimally, the memory requirement is not large, even for a very large network system such as the road system in several states in Tiger/Line file. To evaluate its performance, New Mexico state road system is used as the test case, and is compared with Dijkstra's algorithm. The average running time of the proposed algorithm is, in the worst case, about two and a half times slower than that of Dijkstra's algorithm; provided that in Dijkstra's algorithm, the whole graph can be fit into main memory and is already loaded in advance. If the I/O time for loading the whole graph is counted, the proposed algorithm is faster in essentially all cases.


The optical performance stability of a photomask is one of the most critical factors in the photolithography process and stringent specifications create greater challenges with each advancing technology node. Throughout its lifetime, a photomask is exposed to a variety of cleaning cycles. It is essential that the integrity of the mask is preserved throughout each of these processes. Standard mask cleaning treatments include surface preparation with 172nm VUV for better wetting, organic resist/particle removal with aqueous ozone (DIO3) and residual ion removal for haze control. However, high energy radiations from 172nm VUV have been reported to cause overlay shift and wet oxidizing chemistries adversely affect mask CD and optical properties, ultimately influencing lithography performance. Previously, HamaTech APE successfully demonstrated an advanced cleaning method using photolyzed DIO3 with minimal metal layer damage. In this paper, performance of different media under the UV photolysis effect is explored for various steps in the cleaning process. Photolyzed DI water based surface preparation of photomask under atmospheric conditions without any overlay shift is demonstrated. Alternative chemicals with higher photolysis rates are explored for resist stripping applications. Phase/Transmission and CD change on a PSM (Phase Shift Mask) are compared between regular and modified processes. Potential improvements in residual ion removal using combination of radiation and hot DI water are also presented.


This paper discusses de nitions of institutions and proposes three different game theoretic de nitions of institutional quality. The setting used is a repeated game between an investor and a country. Three de nitions of institutional quality are presented: institutional quality as utility maximization, as credible commitment, and as length of foresight. The merits and drawbacks of the di erent de nitions are discussed, as well as their complementarity and compatibility. The relationship between the technical de nitions, and an example of an actual empirical measure of institutional quality are also touched upon.


We present a crude Matrix Theory model for Schwarzschild black holes in uncompactified dimension greater than 5. The model accounts for the size, entropy, and long range static interactions of black holes. The key feature of the model is a Boltzmann gas of D0 branes, a concept which depends on certain qualitative features of Matrix Theory which have not previously been utilized in studies of black holes.


This paper mainly discusses the elements and mechanism of strategic risk based on the research of strategy transition′s connotation, theory and dynamics. It points out that risk of strategic transition has a close relationship with enterprise environments, dynamical mechanism, learning system, pressure, inertia and support systems. In addition, some countermeasures and early-warning methods are supplied.


The microstructure and electrochemical property of multiphase La-Mg-Ni hydrogen storage alloy are influenced by its preparation techniques.The latest development in this area is reviewed.The microstructure of the La-Mg-Ni alloy plays a decisive role on its electrochemical parameters.Based on this view,the advantages and disadvantages of different preparation techniques are compared to provide ideas and basis for preparing hydrogen storage alloy of excellent electrode performance.


With businesses expanding rapidly due to the integration of the internet. Hiring excellent candidates has become really essential for businesses. This has made hiring candidates online very common which has also consequently increased job scams on online job portals which critically puts the privacy of applicants at stake. Pertaining to this in this paper, we investigate the performance of various machine learning algorithms to identify job scams on online job portals based on employer defined linguistic feature. This approach would significantly help job portals to identify scam posting and make the process of identification cost effective, accurate and fast. Our proposed work achieved an accuracy of 98.679% and contributed significantly to the existing knowledge in the domain.


Over the last decade, publishing information on the World Wide Web has become an accepted and even necessary way for organizations, whether commercial or governmental, to do business. Until recently, however, information on the web was intended almost entirely for communication with human beings. The small amount of information placed on the web for the use of distributed software systems fell primarily into two categories: proprietary formats for private partners, or meta-data to enhance the efforts of search engine robots.


The studies on the correlation of the traits and their relative direct and indirect effects on yield are important, as they are helpful to adopt suitable selection procedure for yield improvement in inter-racial breeding programmes. In the present study, 15 wide compatible genotypes (11 tropical japonicas and four indicas) were crossed with six non-wide compatible genotypes (three each of indicas and japonicas) and 90 hybrids were obtained. With an emphasis on inter sub-specific hybrids, the 90 hybrids obtained as above were classified into four types viz., i) tropical japonica (11) x indica (3) type hybrids (33), ii) tropical japonica (11) x japonica (3) type hybrids (33), iii) indica (4) x indica (3) type hybrids (12) and iv) indica (4) x japonica (3) type hybrids (12). All the four types of hybrids were evaluated separately in Randomized Complete Block Design with two replications. The findings, in general for all the four types of cross combinations, suggested that productive tillers followed by filled grains per panicle and 100 grain weight are the important characters to bring about the improvement in yield potential of rice. The productive tillers attains importance as it is easier to record and simultaneously will increase filled grains thereby the grain yield.


This paper presents a robust sensor fault reconstruction method for modular multilevel converter (MMC) based on sliding mode observer (SMO). An uncertain system with sensor failure is firstly established by resorting the MMC state space model. The main idea of sensor fault reconstruction is to introduce an appropriate filter and convert the sensor fault into a fictitious actuator fault form by constructing an augmentation system. Robust sliding mode observer is designed with convex optimization theory and linear matrix inequality (LMI) techniques. The sliding mode motion is maintained via equivalent output control method and the fault information is obtained directly to realize the fault information of the sensor. Finally, taking the parameters of the MMC system model as an example, the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed approach are verified by simulation.


The study was conducted at the "Estacion Central Naranjal Ce-nicafe" (National Coffee Research Center, Chinchina, Caldas, Colombia) on  Coffea arabica  L. variety Castillo® to find the leaf angle distribution function that best described the tilt of the angles present in the canopy. Leaf angles were recorded for 1,559 leaves located in the upper, middle and lower profiles of the canopy. The observed leaf angle distribution was compared with the Beta, ellipsoidal and four  de Wit  distribution functions. The fit between comparisons was determined by the Pearson X 2  test and its significance, the regression coefficient statistically equal to one and the RMSE. Likewise, the leaf angle distribution recorded in the field per profile and their combination was described based on three angle classes (1 st class: 0°-30°; 2 nd  class: 30°-60°; and 3 rd  class: 60°-90°) according to the Goudriaan criterion. Generally, the leaf angle distribution present in the canopy of Castillo ®  coffee variety is adequately described by the Beta function with two parameters and the ellipsoidal function based on the adjustment provided by the statistical tests.


This essay explores whether fetal protection cases concerning 'partial birth' and 'crack babies' reflect an undercurrent of millennialism that characterizes anti-abortion violence. Because the dichotomized millennialist worldview of pure and impure domains easily corroborates racialist ideas that there are pure and impure races, discussions of fetal protection may also accommodate race-specific assumptions or implications. Fetuses involved in 'partial birth' abortions are routinely portrayed as purely innocent, whole, and intact babies worthy of the privileges of citizenship that will save them from death. But 'crack babies', who are explicitly presumed to be black, are routinely portrayed as impure, tainted, and polluted babies who are a liability to society and from whom the tax-paying citizenry should be saved. Viewed comparatively, these legal disputes may be seen as unwittingly reinscribing the racialist tenets of far-right groups that consider abortion to be the apocalyptic end times of white America.


A system for solving a wide variety of inverse and optimization problems in solid mechanics is introduced. The system consists of a general purpose finite element method (FEM) analysis system "Elfen" and a shell which controls this system. The shell functions as a stand‐alone programme, so the system is physically divided into two separated parts. The "optimization part", which corresponds to the shell, possesses optimization and inverse problem solution algorithms. The "analysis part", which corresponds to an FEM system, serves for the definition of the objective function to which these algorithms are applied. The shell has a user interface implemented in the form of file interpreter which imposes a great flexibility at the definition of various optimization and inverse problems, including parameter identification in constitutive modelling, frictional contact problems and heat transfer. Concepts of the shell are discussed in detail.


The common cold is a frequent upper respiratory tract infection caused by a number of different types of viruses. Common cold affects billions of people worldwide every year; its typical symptoms include a runny nose, nasal congestion and sneezing. Colds can also cause sore throat, cough and headache. Common cold viruses do not respond to antibiotics and there are no known cures. Although the symptoms are normally resolved within ten days, they can cause a great deal of discomfort. Fortunately, these symptoms can be alleviated by the use of over-the-counter medicines. These cold remedies invariably include acetaminophen (a pain reliever and fever reducer), a cough suppressant (antitussive) and a nasal decongestant. Commonly used antitussive and nasal decongestant are dextromethorphan HBr and phenylephrine HCL. Dextromethorphan temporarily relieves cough by decreasing activity in the part of the brain that causes the coughing. Phenylephrine relieves nasal discomfort and sinus congestion by reducing the swelling of blood vessels in the nasal passages. Since they don't treat the underlying cause of the illness, cold medicines do not necessarily speed the recovery. UHPLC a p p l i c a t i o n n o t e


The specific model of central or conscious processing system (CPS) is presented. It consists of two part: (1) a number of information carrying registers, and (2) a functional unit controlling the processes performed on the contents of the registers. The capacity limit is explained as a combination of storage capacity and processing capacity. The capacity limit was estimated by an experiment using mental multiplication performed according to a particular algorithm. The results suggested that the capacity was around eight to nine registers when the algorithm was strictly followed; this limit could, however, be exceeded because some problems automatically were coded and remembered by rules rather then by rehearsal. The results further suggested that information processing, i.e. the multiplication, had to take place on a time-sharing basis in competition with rehearsal, thus suggesting the existence of higher-order control system.


The divider-spiral roller-finger chain combined sugarcane-lifter was designed to study the lifting effect for various lodged sugarcane.In accordance with the classification for different lodged status of sugarcane,the comparison experiments were done for sugarcane lifting with finger-chain type and divider-spiral roller-finger chain combined sugarcane-lifters.The experimental results showed that the lifting effect of combined sugarcane-lifter was better than that of the finger-chain type sugarcane-lifter for heavily lodged sugarcane ( the lodged angle was less than 30° and the side-angle was greater than 15°) ,and the lodged angle after lifting was 61.4-75.5°.Meanwhile,the two devices could perform a good lifting effect for the general lodged sugarcane (the lodged angle was greater than 30° and the side-angle was greater than 15°) ,and the lodged angle after lifting was 69.4-76.8°.


Introduction Maize (Zea mays L.) 2n=20, is the third most important cereal crop after rice and wheat in the world. By origin, maize is native to South America. Baby corn is a delicious, decorative and nutritious vegetable, without cholesterol. It is a low caloric vegetable which is rich in fibre content. One baby corn can be compared with an 'egg' in terms of minerals. Nutritive values of baby corn (per 100 g of edible portion) is Moisture 89.10 %, Carbohydrates 8.20 g, Protein 1.90 g, Calcium 28.00 mg, Phosphorus 86.00 mg, Iron 0.10 mg (Jat et al., 2019). Worldwide, Thailand is the leading producer and exporter of baby corn. India is emerging as the potential producer of baby corn due to high demand with less cost of production. In India, baby corn is being cultivated in Meghalaya, Western Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Young cob corn has been used by the Chinese as vegetable for generations, and this practice has spread to other Asian countries. It has nutritive value similar to that of nonlegume vegetables such as cauliflower, cabbage, tomato, cucumber. This vegetable has versatile use after cooking and for processing as a canned product. The present investigation consisted of a total of 45 hybrids along with 18 parents (15 inbred lines and 3 testers) and 2 checks. A total of 65 entries were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications over three locations (Two during Kharif-2019 and one during Rabi 2019-20) at Instructional farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur, Rajasthan (Kharif-2019 and Rabi 2019-2020) and Agriculture Research Sub Station, Vallabh Nagar, Udaipur, Rajasthan (Kharif-2019). Observations were recorded on eighteen characters for combining ability. The inbred lines viz., EIQ-103 (2.297), EIQ-180 (1.534) and EI-1104-1 (1.510) were good general combiners for yield and its contributing characters in all the environments and on pooled analysis. Crosses EI-2177-2 × EI-670-2 (3.25), EI-1104-1 × EI-670-2 (3.41), EI-561-2 × EI-2518-4 (5.08), EI-561-2 × EI-2518-4 (2.15) expressed maximum and significantly (positive) desirable sca effects in E1, E2, E3 and on over the environments, respectively for de-husked cob yield. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 10 Number 01 (2021) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com K e y w o r d s Baby Corn , Zea mays L. De-husked Cob Accepted: 20 December 2020 Available Online: 10 January 2021 Article Info Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(01): 3545-3549 3546 India is emerging as one of the potential baby corn producing country due to low cost of production and high demand within the country. There is a great potential to earn foreign exchange through export of fresh/canned baby corn and its processed products. Another important point is that baby corn is a safe edible vegetable as it is almost free from residual effects of pesticides as the young cob on plant is wrapped with husk and well protected from insect attack and pathogens. Baby corn has a short growing period (60-75 days), so that a farmer can grow four or more crops per year in a piece of land under tropical climatic conditions. It has a wide range of adaptation and does not need intensive practices for cultivation. The benefit of reaping with baby corn is that even after its harvest, the total herbage of maize plant can be utilized as green fodder. It generates more nutrition per unit area with the shortest crop duration and has the potential of being an excellent cash crop. Materials and Methods The present investigation consisted of a total of 45 hybrids along with 18 parents (15 inbred lines and 3 testers) and 2 checks. A total of 65 entries were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications over three locations (Two during Kharif-2019 and one during Rabi 2019-20) at Instructional farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur, Rajasthan (Kharif-2019 and Rabi 2019-2020) and Agriculture Research Sub Station, Vallabh Nagar, Udaipur, Rajasthan (Kharif-2019). Observations were recorded on eighteen characters for combining ability. The experimental material comprised of 15 inbred lines viz.,EI-2311-4, EI-2449-2, EI-2403, EIQ-103, EIQ-104, EI-1104-1, EI-561-2, EI2173, EI-2177-2, EI-2509, EI-2518-2, EI-113, EIQ-180, EIQ-225, EIQ-235 and 3 testers EI-670-2, EI-2518-4, EI-2156 their 45 F1s and two checks viz., HM-4 and VL Baby Corn-2. These 45 F1s were obtained by crossing 15 inbred lines and 3 testers in line × tester mating design. The combining ability effects for line x tester mating design was performed as per method suggested by Kemthorne (1957) for individual environments as well as over the environments. Combining ability effects for individual environment


An on-board unit for an electronic toll collection system having a card charge function is provided to charge a smart card without an additional card reader by connecting directly an external PC to the on-board unit through an interface of the PC. A transceiver(110,120) transmits and receives data for collecting toll with road base station equipment. A signal processor(130) processes the data transmitted and received from the road base station. A PC(Personal Computer) interface provides an interface for an external PC. A smart card is inserted into a smart card socket(180), and is operated by a smart card driver(170). A central processor forms a data transmitting path between the road base station and the smart card when communicated with the road base station, and forms the data transmitting path between the external PC and the smart card when charging the smart card.


SYIIOPSiS BANNo, Hideo (Inst. Biol. Sci., Uqiv. of Tsukuba, Ibaraki). 1984. The effect of varieus plants on the growth and food utilization of the larvae of IVbptis sappho intermedia W. B. PRyER (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Jap, J. Ecol,, 34: 9-14. The 1arvae ofIVL scmpho were reared on three difTerent foods: PM florthunda, P. lobata and R. pseudoacaeia. The larval dumtion, dry matter and energy budgets, and the ethcieney of food utilization were compared among the larvae of the three food groups. There was no difference in the values obtained for the larvae reared on P. lobata nd R.psettdoaeaeia; however, the larvae reared on M fibribundo grew more slowly than those reared on the former two foocls. The rarvae of rvtstaria group consumed a greater arnount of the food than those of the other groups. However, the approximate digestibility and eMcieney ofconversion ofdigested food to larval body were low in PVistaria group. Consequently, the eMciency ofconversion of ingested food to Iarval body became low. Thus thelarvae of rwstaria group seemedtobedelayedingrowthincomparisonwiththoseoftheothergroups.


In this paper measurements are presented of π±, K±, p and p̄ production at mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.5), in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN = 2.76 TeV as a function of centrality. The measurement covers the transverse momentum (pT) range from 100, 200, 300 MeV/c up to 3, 3, 4.6 GeV/c, for π , K, and p respectively. The measured pT distributions and yields are compared to expectations based on hydrodynamic, thermal and recombination models. The spectral shapes of central collisions show a stronger radial flow than measured at lower energies, which can be described in hydrodynamic models. In peripheral collisions, the pT distributions are not well reproduced by hydrodynamic models. Ratios of integrated particle yields are found to be nearly independent of centrality. The yield of protons normalized to pions is a factor ∼ 1.5 lower than the expectation from thermal models. ∗See Appendix A for the list of collaboration members ar X iv :1 30 3. 07 37 v2 [ he pex ] 2 5 Ju l 2 01 3 Centrality Dependence of π , K, p in Pb–Pb atsNN = 2.76 TeV ALICE Collaboration


Abstract The orbital eccentricity of the SB1 system ζ TrA (S.T. F9V, P ∼ 13 d) was found by Skuljan et al. (2004) to be e = 0.01398 ± 0.00019. Lucy (2005) devised a statistical test of the significance of this result, based on the amplitude and phase of the third harmonic in the Fourier analysis of the radial velocity data, and concluded that the non-zero eccentricity measured does not arise from a slightly eccentric Keplerian orbit, but from proximity effects in the binary. He therefore believes a circular orbit should be assigned to this system. In this paper we investigate one possible proximity effect, namely the tidal distortion of the primary star, such that the measured Doppler shift does not accurately indicate the centre of mass radial velocity of the star as a whole. The code of Wilson & Devinney (2003) was used to model the tidal distortion of the measured radial velocities, assuming a range of possible secondary masses, corresponding to M-dwarf companions. The result is that even for the lowest possible mass secondary of 0.09M ⊙ with sin i = 1 (this gives the greatest tidal distortion, as it is closest to the primary) there is no significant effect on the radial velocities (the differences are of order 1 m s−1 as a result of the tidal effects). Similar negligible tidal effects arise using a white dwarf companion. We note that the difference between a circular orbit and the observations amounts to as much as 140 m s−1 at some phases, which is essentially the amplitude of the second harmonic in the data. Our conclusion is that this strong and highly significant second harmonic is most probably the result of a small orbital eccentricity as reported by Skuljan et al (2004). We note that the observed third harmonic according to Lucy (2005) has an amplitude of only 5.2 ± 2.0 m s−1, which is just over twice the error bar of its measurement, and that the predicted third harmonic for an eccentric orbit is only 1.6 m s−1.


This paper investigated preparation process of briquette by using starch and bentonite as composite binder. It also studied the impact of pulverized coal particle size, coking particle size, compacting pressures, moisture content on the strength of briquette and form coke. The result showed that coking coal particle size was the main influence factor. And the optimum conditions of molding process were as follows: low rank pulverized coal particle size was less than 0.63mm, coking coal particle size was less than 0.28mm, compacting pressure was 60 kN, molding moisture content was 12%. Under the optimal conditions, compressive strength of briquette and form coke was 3470 N/ball and 2910 N/ball, respectively.


We present a spectroscopic analysis of the recently discovered fast-evolving Type I superluminous supernova (SLSN-I) SN 2019neq (at redshift z = 0.1059). We compare it to the well-studied slowly evolving SLSN-I SN 2010kd (z = 0.101). Our main goal is to search for spectroscopic differences between the two groups of SLSNe-I. Differences in the spectra may reveal different ejecta compositions and explosion mechanisms. Our investigation concentrates on optical spectra observed with the 10 m Hobby–Eberly Telescope Low Resolution Spectrograph-2 at McDonald Observatory during the photospheric phase. We apply the SYN++ code to model the spectra of SN 2019neq taken at −4 days, +5 days, and +29 days from maximum light. We examine the chemical evolution and ejecta composition of the SLSN by identifying the elements and ionization states in its spectra. We find that a spectral model consisting of O iii, Co iii, and Si iv gives a SYN++ fit that is comparable to the typical SLSN-I spectral model consisting of O ii, and conclude that the true identification of those lines, at least in the case of SN 2019neq, is ambiguous. Based on modeling the entire optical spectrum, we classify SN 2019neq as a fast-evolving SLSN-I having a photospheric velocity gradient of km s−1 day−1, which is among the highest velocity gradients observed for an SLSN-I. Inferring the velocity gradient from the proposed Fe ii λ5169 feature alone would result in km s−1 day−1, which is still within the observed range of fast-evolving SLSNe-I. In addition, we derive the number density of relevant ionization states for a variety of identified elements at the epoch of the three observations. Finally, we give constraints on the lower limit of the ejecta mass and find that both SLSNe have an ejecta mass at least one order of magnitude higher than normal SNe Ia, while the fast-evolving SN 2019neq has an ejecta mass a factor of two lower than the slowly evolving SN 2010kd. These mass estimates suggest the existence of a possible correlation between the evolution timescale and the ejected mass of SLSNe-I.


Image scanning microscopy based on pixel reassignment can improve the confocal resolution limit without losing the image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) greatly [C. J. R. Sheppard, "Super-resolution in confocal imaging," Optik 80(2) 53–54 (1988). C. B. Müller, E. Jörg, "Image scanning microscopy, "Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(19) 198101 (2010). C. J. R. Sheppard, S. B. Mehta, R. Heintzmann, "Superresolution by image scanning microscopy using pixel reassignment," Opt. Lett. 38(15) 2889–2892 (2013)]. Here, we use a tailor-made optical fiber and 19 avalanche photodiodes (APDs) as parallel detectors to upgrade our existing confocal microscopy, termed as parallel-detection super-resolution (PDSR) microscopy. In order to obtain the correct shift value, we use the normalized 2D cross correlation to calculate the shifting value of each image. We characterized our system performance by imaging fluorescence beads and applied this system to observing the 3D structure of biological specimen.


This note looks at so-called Dutch disease, a phenomenon reflecting changes in the structure of production in the wake of a favorable shock (such as a large natural resource discovery, a rise in the international price of an exportable commodity, or the presence of sustained aid or capital inflows). Where the natural resources discovered are oil or minerals, a contraction or stagnation of manufacturing and agriculture could accompany the positive effects of the shock, according to the theory. The note considers channels through which such natural resource wealth can affect the economy. It also focuses on the development implications of Dutch disease, particularly the potential negative effects related to productivity dynamics and volatility; and concludes with a summary of possible policy responses, including the mix of fiscal, exchange rate, and structural reform policies.


With samples of embryonic skeletal muscle, 20-40 µg wet weight, it was possible to measure 0.08 µg of glycogen within 10% in a final volume of 98.4 µl. Commercial anthrone was washed, dissolved in absolute alcohol, filtered and recrystallized. Glycogen was also repurified. For the working reagent, 20 mg of anthrone was dissolved in 10 ml of 77% (v/v) sulfuric acid. A sample was dispersed in 10 µl water in a small test tube, 90 µl anthrone reagent was added, promptly mixed and the tube plugged with a polyethylene stopper. Triplicate 10 µl portions of water and of dilutions of glycogen were treated the same as the sample. All tubes were heated at 100°C for 15 minutes then cooled and optical density read at 630 mµ in a spectrophotometer. The extinction coefficient for a 1% glycogen solution was 490 ± 3% with 1 cm cell length. Recovery experiments were good. Proteins and pentoses did not interfere significantly. Methods for distinguishing between mono- and polysaccharides are discussed.


Since the Montreal protocol banned the production of halon compounds, the focus of firesuppression research has been on potential alternative agents. There is renewed interest in the use of water as a suppression agent, because it is readily available, environmentally friendly, and has a high heat capacity. There is high interest in very fine water mists (i.e., drops less than 10 μm in diameter). Smaller drops are potentially easier to deliver, particularly around obstructions, and may be more effective than the much larger drops that are currently in use in some fire-suppression systems.


Particle image velocimetry (PIV) has been significantly advanced since its conception in early 1990s. With the advancement of imaging modalities, applications of 2D PIV have far expanded into biology and medicine. One example is echocardiographic particle image velocimetry that is used for in vivo mapping of the flow inside the heart chambers with opaque boundaries. Velocimetry methods can help better understanding the biomechanical problems. The current trend is to develop three-dimensional velocimetry techniques that take advantage of modern medical imaging tools. This study provides a novel framework for validation of velocimetry methods that are inherently three dimensional such as but not limited to those acquired by 3D echocardiography machines. This framework creates 3D synthetic fields based on a known 3D velocity field V and a given 3D brightness field B. The method begins with computing the inverse flowV based on the velocity fieldV. Then the transformation of B, imposed by V, is calculated using the computed inverse flow according to B x ð Þ 1⁄4 B xþ V x ð Þ ð Þ, where x is the coordinates of voxels in B , with a 3D weighted average interpolation, which provides high accuracy, lowmemory requirement, and low computational time. To check the validity of the framework, we generate pairs of 3D brightness fields by employing Hill's spherical vortex velocity field. B and the generated B are then processed by our inhouse 3D particle image velocimetry software to obtain the interrelated velocity field. The results indicates that the computed and imposed velocity fields are in agreement.


Social welfare activity is difficult to define. It appears in daily life as a complex ensemble, dynamic and encompassing the most varied actions but which all tend toward satisfying needs and lessening injustice. It is a concept of a moral order, which varies in relation to location and time and which takes on a different light depending on whether one considers the unfortunate person as a guilty person or as a victim.


In order to maintain equilibrium, the human body is constantly reacting to and adjusting to changes in the outside environment, as well as within the body (internal environment). Such environmental changes, or stimuli, initiate impulses in sensory receptors. These impulses (or inputs) pass via the nerves to the brain and spinal cord, where they are analyzed, combined, compared, and coordinated. After being sorted out, impulses are conveyed by nerves to the muscles and glands of the body. The nervous system expresses itself through muscles and glands, causing muscles to contract or relax, and glands to secrete or not secrete their products. Stimuli received by the nervous system are processed rapidly through a combination of electrical impulses and chemical substances called neurotransmitters for communication between a nerve cell and a muscle cell, or between a nerve cell and glandular cells. Although the nervous system is a single, unified communications network, it is divided on a gross anatomical basis into the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord; the peripheral nervous system includes all the nerve cells and fibers that lie outside the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system connects the brain and spinal cord with the rest of the body.


By using the fundemental theories of meta-positive definite matrices,the reverse Hadamard's inequality and reverse Szasz's inequality for one type of meta-positive definite matrix are established.


In 2006, one human lower second molar and two pieces of frontal fragments were found from the excavation at Hualong Cave in Dongzhi County, Anhui Province. According to the faunal composition and stratigraphy, human and mammal fossils of Hualong Cave come from the Middle Pleistocene. In the present study, morphologies of the Hualong Cave human fossils were described and compared with related human fossils. Our study indicates that both the Hualong Cave frontal bone and lower molar exhibit a suit of features that are usually found in East Asian Homo erectus. Two pieces of the Hualong Cave frontal bones fit well together indicating they come from the same individual. The frontal bone has small curvature but shows a robust temporal line and thick cranial wall. Besides, the Hualong Cave frontal bone has a metopic suture and enlarged frontal sinus. The lower second molar of the Hualong Cave looks robust. On its occlusal surface, there are cusp 5, cusp 6 and cusp 7. Crown dimensions are within variations of Homo erectus and much larger than those of early modern human, contemporary human and European Middle Pleistocene humans. Considering the cranial and dental morphological patterns of the Hualong Cave human fossils revealed from the present study, we propose that the human fossils found from the Hualong Cave represent Homo erectus living during the Middle Pleistocene.


Purpose – The issues of concern to older people and likely to shape their voting behaviour need to be understood and appreciated. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This policy-oriented review draws on recent research, including surveys, focus groups and ethnographic interviews to identify such issues in the UK older population. Findings – Older people are more likely to vote and to prioritise policy issues relating to immigration, the NHS and the economy–but the outcome of their vote is more likely to be determined by affinity with a party's broader ideological position than with the specific policies contained in their manifesto?. Practical implications – Older people appear more likely to support Conservative party values and priorities, but their potential growing support for UKIP may be underestimated as several major surveys do not prompt for this party. The less certain standing of both Conservative and Labour may therefore be further undermined by unappreciated s...


Objective To evaluate hysteroscopy and B ultrasonic in the diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding(AUB). Methods Retrospective analyze 115 patients that preliminary diagnosesed of AUB from 2003.6 to 2005.6. Results 63 cases were reported by B ultrasonic as normal endometrium. As to hysteroscopy,10 cases were reported abnormal. Pathological repor were match to the hysteroscopy diagnoses. Among 52 cases that diagnoseced abnormal by B ultrasonic,37cases were reported abnormal by pathological report by hysteroscopy and localizational endometrial biopsy or endometrial curettage. AS to the diagnoses of endometrial polyp,hysteromyoma and endometrial carcinoma,the hysteroscopy had anaccuracy of 100%,87.5% and 100% respectively. As to the diagnoses of endometrial hyperplasia and atrophic endometrium,the hysteroscopy had an accuracy of 59.09% and 50%. AS to the diagnosis of AUB,the rate of missed diagnosis is 0 with hysteroscopy,B ultrasonic of abdominal combined with vagina had a sensitivity of 91.30%,and hada rate of missed diagnosis of 8.70%. Conclusions The hysteroscopy must combined with B ultrasonic,tissue pathological examination of localizational endometrial biopsy or endometrial curettage to improve the accuracy of diagnosisof endometrial disease.


p,q,r rotational rates, rads/sec Engineering-level missile aerodynamics prediction code s fin semispan measured from body centerline MISL3 has recently been applied to a variety of configurations including two tandem-control models and to a two-fin-set model with free rolling tail fins tested at NASA Langley Research Center. Enhanced capabilities since the earlier M3HAX version include the modeling of conical changes in body diameter (flares, boattails) and arbitrary interdigitation angles between fin sets. Results presented include high angle of attack aerodynamics, induced lateral forces, tandem-control fin deflections, configurations with flares and/or boattails, estimates of free rotating fin section performance, rotational damping estimates, and updates to results presented in an earlier paper. Comparisons to independent experimental data are presented to demonstrate the unique qualities of the code. InM3F3CA, earlier MISL3, MISSILE3) has been general, good agreement with experimental data is developed for aerodynamic performance prediction and obtained for a variety of configurations (body alone, for preliminary design of conventional missiles. The single-fin set, two-fin set, and three-fin set method uses the Triservice systematic fin-on-body force configurations) and flow conditions (symmetric and and moment data base which covers a Mach number asymmetric). range from 0.6 to 4.5, fin aspect ratios from 0.25 to 4.0, LIST OF SYMBOLS deflection angles from -40° to 40°. The method uses the a body radius at fin mid-rootchord equivalent angle of attack concept which includes the AR aspect ratio (two fins joined at root) effects of vorticity and geometric scaling. The latest C body crossflow drag coefficient dc C rolling moment/q S l l ∞ R R C roll-damping coefficient; ∂C /∂(pl /2V ) lp l R ∞ C pitching moment/q S l ; positive nose up m ∞ R R C normal force/q S N ∞ R C fin normal force/q S NF ∞ R C body dC /d at =0 N N D body diameter, maximum L body length l ,L reference length R REF _____________________ Senior Research Engineer, Senior Member AIAA * Research Engineer † President, Associate Fellow AIAA ‡ Aerospace Technologist, Associate Fellow AIAA § s exposed fin span m S reference area R x center of pressure CP x moment center MC included angle of attack, deg c fin deflection angle, deg fin taper ratio roll angle, deg fin set roll angle with respect to body-fixed F2 vertical axis, positive clockwise, deg


Complex software systems can be built from components, where a component is a software entity that performs one type of function in a general, usually table-driven, way. If the components are defined well and a standard interface is provided between them, the resulting product is flexible. It is easy to understand and easy to change. The performance of the system is a function of that of the components. The new Loop Maintenance Operations System Front End (LMOS-2) is a transaction processing system developed in this way. The components, described in this article, are a mask handler, a data validator, a database management system and a transaction-oriented filing system. Transactions are written in a high-level language designed for the purpose. The LMOS-2 system runs on the UNIX∗ operating system. The desired flexibility properties have been realized and have produced important benefits in the course of LMOS-2 development. Moreover, with considerable attention to the performance characteristics of the components, a system has been produced which is as fast and efficient as its predecessor, coded mostly in assembly language.


INSamuel Lorenzo Knapp's American Biography, the ninety-line unsigned study of Dr. Peter Bryant is one of the best.1 Terse and factual, it nevertheless has warmth which suggests a knowledgeable affection between the author and the subject. One is not surprised, then, to learn that the sketch was probably the work of a son, namely William Cullen Bryant, writing about his late father. Putting together his several biographical collections, Knapp got help from any sources he could, a situation which he made clear in his preface to American Biography.2 In fact, he credited John Wakefield Francis, a New York physician and cultural benefactor, with securing much of the volume's content relating to the medical profession.3 Both Knapp and Francis were personally acquainted with the younger Bryant in New York City in the early I830s; it is reasonable to suppose that either could have appealed to Bryant's filial instincts with a request for an anonymous biographical piece on his father. While Francis was an especially close friend of William Cullen's,4 Knapp had known Peter Bryant in Massachusetts earlier in the century and might have had a greater interest in preserving his renown.5 Whatever the origin may have been, when the sketch appeared in American Biography it carried no individual author


Issues addressed: This study was motivated by the current need for tobacco interventions for inpatients and nursing staff within the hospital setting. In particular, whether inpatients considered quitting while in hospital, if they expected assistance and/or requested help from ward nurses was investigated. In addition, it sought to establish whether nurses considered they had a role in tobacco intervention and if so, whether they felt adequately prepared. The willingness of nurses to participate in ongoing tobacco intervention education and the type of educational program preferences was also explored in relation to current smoking status. Methods: A cohort of 60 patients and 100 nursing personnel were surveyed in the Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane. Results: Of 569 inpatients, 19 per cent were current smokers and 39 per cent of ward nurses smoked. Of inpatients, 57 per cent considered quitting tobacco during hospital admission but only 5 per cent requested assistance. Sixty per cent of inpatients did not expect any assistance from hospital staff. Although infrequently asked for assistance, 51 per cent of ward nurses saw a "definite" nursing role in tobacco intervention, with a further 30 per cent considering a "probable" role. Non-smokers were more likely to support a nursing role in tobacco intervention than nurses who smoke (p<0.01). Fifty-six per cent of nurses felt inadequately prepared to implement smoking cessation interventions, although 85 per cent of nurses were willing to participate in ongoing education. The choice of educational intervention was also influenced by smoking status. Conclusion: There is a need to create a more supportive hospital environment for inpatients to assist those considering quitting to seek help. Their unsatisfied needs require a new approach which could involve ward nursing staff, many of whom see they have a role in tobacco intervention. Nurses recognise a need for further training. The development of additional program components, suitable for nurses who smoke, as a workplace intervention, is warranted. The development of improved hospital-based smoking cessation interventions for both patients and nursing personnel should be considered a priority. So what? Many hospital inpatients consider quitting smoking but few feel encouraged to do so or seek support. The positive attitude of nursing staff to participate in tobacco interventions should be further pursued. Nurse- delivered tobacco interventions should also include an intervention directed at nurses who smoke.


In Prolog, creating a program of good operational quality requires formulation which is often very far from the problem's initial specification. In Lislog-C (Lisp + prolog + Constraints), the constraint declara


Recently, relevant changes have made organizational boundaries more fluid and dynamic in response to the rapid pace of knowledge diffusion, and innovation and international competition. This helps to reconsider how to succeed with innovation. Thus, innovative companies make use of their capabilities to appropriate the economic value generated from their knowledge and innovations. Therefore, the supply of innovative products is presented as a quality standard in the race for pressing demands. It is true that a new product or process can represent the end of a series of knowledge initiatives and the beginning of a process of value creation, which, under conditions imposed by various parties, can produce efficient results in the global performance of the value chain. The present paper aims to contribute to the planning guidelines in the innovation value chain field. Therefore, it addresses the influence of the stakeholders' knowledge on the performance of innovation value chain in product development processes applied to technology-based companies. Thus, a survey was developed with experts chosen by their technical-scientific criteria and knowledge on the subject. The data were extracted by means of a judgment matrix. To reduce subjectivity in the results, the following methods were used: Law of Categorical Judgment - psychometric scaling and the Compromise Programming - multi-criteria analysis and Electre III. The data were satisfactory, validating the methodological procedures presented.


When I questioned Simon Klose, director of Benalla Art Gallery, about his penchant for classic car racing, his response was swift - without pause: 'Francis Picabia did!' Not only will he be taking his glorious red Lotus for a spin again in May to drive in the Historic Winton Classic Car and Motorbike Tour, but also the tour itself will assemble at the Benalla Art Gallery for a 9am flag-off. This says a lot about the man and the diverse community of which he is so much a part. Adelaide-born and Melbourne-raised, he carries the best of those cities' urbanity lightly with refreshing optimism, humour and wit.


Reviews the current situation of aluminium smelting process in China,and discusses some basic rules of the sintering process with coal as fuel.Because of the limitation of conventional metallurgy and advantagas of vacuum-metallurgy,a new process technology was explored to extract directly the sub-valence compounds,which includes mainly two experiments,ie.,sintering of raw materials/coal and extracting.In the sintering experiment the material proportioning and how the sintering temperature affects the agglomeration were focused on.And such important parameters as optimal coal ratio and sintering temperature were obtained,ie.,the optimal coal ratio is 3g,7g,10g and 5g for()~#10,()~#5,()~#16 coal and industrial Al_2O_3,respectively,and the optimal sintering temperature is 520℃.


Objective To investigate the role of autoimmune response in chronic hepatitis C by observing serum level change of autoantibodies in patients with chronic hepatitis C.Methods Antinuclear antibody(ANA),antibody against extractable nuclear antigen(ENA),antimitochondrial antibody (AMA)and antismooth muscle antibody(SMA)were detected by using indirect immunofluorescence assay in 89 patients with chronic hepatitis C.The test results were assessed according to fluorescence reaction patterns.Results The positive rate of autoantibodies was 38.2%in chronic hepatitis C group,significantly higher than that in chronic hepatitis B group(13.8%)(P0.05)and healthy control group(13.8%)(P0.01).The positive rate anti-ENA antibody was 14.6%in the patients with chronic hepatitis C.Conclusion Autoimmune reaction can be triggered by HCV infection;and autoimmunity is an immporant factor for liver tissue injury in patients with chronic hepatitis C.


Methods were developed for the reduction and subsequent oxidation of glass-crystallized barium titanate for obtaining surface and grain-boundary barrier-layer dielectrics, together with the solid state chemistry compatible with glassmelting, crystallization, and the diffusion processes involved. The material obtained can be described as an interconnected dispersion of semiconducting BaTiO3 crystallites sealed in a mostly glassy silicate matrix. Oxidation of this semiconductor leads to surface layers with very high dielectric strength, up to 106 V/cm, and resistivity of the order of 1014ω·cm. The properties of compound barriers consisting of a space charge layer and a thin insulating film are also described and conditions leading to glass-ceramic materials having a positive temperature coefficient of resistance (PTCR) by the use of an anionic dopant are discussed.


Standard short-course chemotherapy (SSC) is recommended for new patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). This approach has been regarded as among the most effective tools for preventing the development of resistance to anti-TB drugs. We report on the development of multidrug-resistance during SSC ...


In this article, a method to solve isolated rural networks facilities supported by renewable energies by mixed-integer linear programming is described. The algorithm is applied on a specific location and includes renewable energy sources like windpower, hydroelectric and biomass, electrical loads from populations and irrigation needs, as well as a storage system based on a pumping-turbinate unit.


During indoor mobile mapping, localization plays an important role. It is difficult for IMU, odometer, Lidar or SLAM algorithm singly to meet the high efficiency, real-time, accurate and robust performance. So the fusion of the data measured by these different methods is a current research hotspot. However, most of the researches still focus on the loosely coupled fusion based on filtering methods, and the data cannot be fully utilized. In this paper, based on LOM-SAM framework, the Intensity Scan Context is introduced to extract keyframes and detect loop closure which will provide a closed-loop factor, together with IMU pre-integration factor and Lidar odometry factor to construct the factor graph. Then incremental smoothing optimization algorithm is used to get high precision trajectory, realize the tightly-coupled Lidar and IMU positioning. The results show that the number of keyframes is reduced, the elevation error is effectively decreased, and the real-time performance is improved without decreasing the accuracy of LIO-SAM.


Objective: To examine the effects of high-intensity interval training on body fat indicators in overweight and obese adults.
Methods: Randomized trials were included in the systematic review. Direct measures (e.g. whole-body fat) and indirect measures (e.g. waist circumference) were examined.
Results: From 1156 articles initially screened, 24 were included. The majority of studies were conducted, at least, for 10 weeks. High-intensity interval training elicited reductions in whole- body fat indicators. The meta-analytic models showed significant differences after high-intensity interval training intervention among body weight, fat mass and fat percentage. On the other hand, body mass index and waist circumference did not present significant results.
Conclusions: High-intensity exercise training can induce body composition improvements in overweight and obese individuals. High-intensity interval training may be a time-efficient component of weight management programs.


A general-purpose combustion Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) design analysis tool has been developed. The method is pressure-based and applicable to both incompressible and compressible flows. The unstructured finite-volume approach used can take arbitrary shapes of mesh cells to resolve complicated geometries. Turbulence is simulated either by Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) or by Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approaches. Combustion is modeled by various combinations of combustion chemistry and combustion-turbulence models including transport probability density function (PDF) model. A Lagrangian approach is used to simulate fuel spray droplet. The resulting tool has being used in routine combustor simulations for a variety of commercial and military combustor development programs. Application examples presented include simulations of several combustors and comparisons with available rig data.Copyright © 2013 by Rolls-Royce plc


This paper proposes a novel iterative algorithm based on a Kernel regression as a suboptimal approach to reliable and efficient antenna optimization. In our approach, the complex and non-linear cost surface calculated from antenna characteristics is fitted into a simple linear model using Kernels, and an argument that minimizes this Kernel regression model is used as a new input to calculate its cost using numerical simulations. This process is repeated by updating coefficients of the Kernel regression model with new entries until meeting the stopping criteria. At every iteration, existing inputs are partitioned into a limited number of clusters to reduce the computational time and resources and to prevent unexpected over-weighted situations. The proposed approach is validated for the Rastrigins function as well as a real engineering problem using an antipodal Vivaldi antenna in comparison with a genetic algorithm. Furthermore, we explore the most appropriate Kernel that minimizes the least-square error when fitting the antenna cost surface. The results demonstrate that the proposed process is suitable to be used in antenna design problems as a reliable approach with a fast convergence time.