In this article, we present some new inequalities for numerical radius of Hilbert space operators via convex functions. Our results generalize and improve earlier results by El-Haddad and Kittaneh. Among several results, we show that if $A\in \mathbb{B}\left( \mathcal{H} \right)$ and $r\ge 2$, then \[{{w}^{r}}\left( A \right)\le {{\left\| A \right\|}^{r}}-\underset{\left\| x \right\|=1}{\mathop{\inf }}\,{{\left\| {{\left| \left| A \right|-w\left( A \right) \right|}^{\frac{r}{2}}}x \right\|}^{2}}\] where $w\left( \cdot \right)$ and $\left\| \cdot \right\|$ denote the numerical radius and usual operator norm, respectively.


Abstract This study investigated the differences between adolescent boys and girls from divorced families' adjustment to the middle school transition. A middle school transition survey measured the academic and social middle school transitional experiences of 196 adolescent boys and girls from divorced families. T-Test for Independent Means procedures revealed statistically significant differences between the male and female participants' adjustment to the academic transition (F = 4.36, p < .05) and social transition (F = 3.79, p < .05) to middle school. The findings showed that girls from divorced families were more adjusted to the academic and social characteristics of the middle school transition than were boys from divorced families. One particular analysis revealed that girls from divorced families were less adjusted to making friends than were boys from divorced families. Overall, this and other findings indicate that gender can affect the transitional experiences of adolescents from divorced families. They also warrant the need to develop an awareness of the possible divorce-related transitional difficulties for middle school boys and girls.


A study was carried out for analysis of combining ability in pigeonpea using genetic male sterile lines to estimate the nature of gene action for yield and its component traits. Predominance of additive gene action was shown for days to flowering, days to 50 per cent flowering, branches/plant and seeds/plant, whereas non-additive gene action was observed for plant height, pods/cluster, pods/plant, pod length, 100-seed weight and seed yield/plant. Based on overall gca effects, the lines MS CO 9701, MS CO 5 and the testers ICPL 87, CORG 9302 and TAT 93–47 were identified as potential parents as they exhibited significant gca effects for most of the traits. Among the number of crosses with high sca values, the hybrids 'MS CO 9701' 'ICPL 87', 'MS CO 9701' 'CORG 9302', MS CO 5 'CORG 9302' 'MS CO 5' 'TAT 93–47' were the most promising as they were early, dwarf and high yielding.


The separated polynucleotide functional as a promoter in eukaryotic cells is disclosed. And the separated polynucleotides include endothelium-specific amplification the element, as is described in detail in this specification. Further, there is disclosed a method for expressing a related nucleic acid sequences in endothelial cells.


(57) Abstract: The present invention apparatus includes a container for the product (1), and the dispensing element for dispensing the product (7), placed in proximity to the dispensing element energy source components (9) comprises a combination of a.


Abstract This paper debates women's activism in two events: the Vietnam War (1954-1975) and the historical Kurdish struggle for autonomy (known as "Kurdish question"). We hypothesize that the reorganization of gender roles during the conflicts marks the meanings of wars and configures what we call a woman for the times of war, that is, a woman who transits across the spaces of public confrontation, armed conflict and domesticity. The approach outlined here is structured into three parts: the first and the second ones present aspects of both conflicts by pointing to possible convergences and differences between them; we also present the variety of networks of participation and activism of women in both cases. In the third and final part, we discuss the interfaces among the production of gender, war, and ideas, crossing a manifold of narratives, experiences, and stories that reveal different dimensions of wars and nations, and the diversity of the regimes of ideas that attached to them.


The present work is concerned with relay auto tuning of parallel cascade controllers. The method proposed by Srinivasan and Chidambaram [10] to analyze the conventional on-off relay oscillations for a single loop feedback controller is extended to the relay tuning of parallel cascade controllers. Using the ultimate gain and ultimate cross over frequency of the two loops, the inner loop (PI) and outer loop (PID) controllers are designed by Ziegler-Nichols tuning method. The performances of the controllers are compared with the results based on conventional relay analysis. The improved method of analyzing biased auto tune method proposed for single feedback controller by Srinivasan and Chidambaram [11] is also applied to relay auto tune of parallel cascade controllers. The proposed methods give an improved performance over that of the conventional on-off relay tune method.


Attitude is determined as "a predisposition or a tendency to respond positively or negatively to a certain idea, object, person, or situation". A person has two angles in viewing a certain person or peers that are involved in a society, it's either positive or negative. The widespread LGBT community has awakened the social perspectives of society towards them. This study could not only benefit the researchers but also the whole community. This contemporary study was intended to deliver the viewpoints and perceptions of heterosexuality towards the LGBTQ+ in society. This endeavor employed quantitative research using a cross-sectional – descriptive study for it aimed to capture knowledge or attitude one point at a time. Convenient sampling was used to select the participant. Based on the results, In terms of the profiles of the participants, the age bracket is between 14-17 years old and females were mostly the participants. Meanwhile, 4% of the 300 participants exclusively did not say their gender preferences. Overall, the Junior High School students of Systems Plus College Foundation – main campus shows that with the individual attitude, nurturance and appreciation are the revealing attitudes towards the LGBTQ+ members while adaptive attitudes ( appreciation and admiration) are evident factors based on Daniel Katz theory. It is also recommended that the Daniel Katz attitude theory is good however, this will become more significant if future researchers will work on the correlation between the profile of the respondents and other predicting factors concerning the LGBTQ+ community.


Interferometric phase restoration is a crucial step in retrieving large-scale geophysical parameters from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. Existing noise impacts the accuracy of parameter retrieval as a result of decorrelation effects. Most state-of-the-art filtering methods belong to the group of nonlocal filters. In this article, we propose a novel convolutional sparse coding method in complex domain with the prior knowledge of coherence integrated into the optimization model, which is termed as CoComCSC. CoComCSC is not only capable of reducing noise in regions with continuous phase changes, but also of preserving the phase details prominently. The experiments results on simulated and real data demonstrate the effectiveness of CoComCSC by comparing with other state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, the obtained digital elevation model (DEM) product by CoComCSC from RADARSAT-2 data indicates its superior filtering performance over regions with heterogeneous land covers, which shows its great potential for generating high-resolution DEM products.


Objective To determine the serum concentrations of lactate and pyruvate in mitochondrial patients when they had a rest and had minimum exercise tests,and to explore the clinical significance of serum pyruvate levels and lactate/pyruvate ratio in mitochondrial disease screening.Methods 15 mitochondrial disease(already diagnosed) patients and 25 other myopathies patients had taken part in the study,30 healthy volunteers as normal control.Fasting early morning venous blood was collected at tranquillization.Serum lactate and pyruvate were quantitative determined by gas chromatography.The lactate and pyruvate levels in serum of 12 patients with mitochondrial disease and 12 other myopathy patients were measured before,immediately and after the minimum exercise respectively.Results The serum lactate concentration of the group of mitochondrial disease patients at tranquillization was(4.34 ±1.59) mmol/L,and the concentration of pyruvate was(0.21 ±0.05) mmol/L.The serum lactate and pyruvate concentrations of other myopathy group were(3.88 ±1.11) mmol/L and(0.08 ±0.04) mmol/L respectively,which were significantly higher than control group's(P0.01).In minimum exercise testing,the serum pyruvate level of mitochondrial disease group was significantly higher(P0.01) before,while,5 min and 20 min after exercise,compared with other myopathy group.And lactate/pyruvate ratio before exercise was significant different from that 20 min after(P0.05).Compared with before exercise,lactate and pyruvate levels of each group were significantly increased(P0.01) immediately and 5 min after exercise,while lactate/pyruvate ratio was not significantly different(P0.05).Conclusion Serum pyruvate level and lactate/pyruvate ratio of mitochondrial disease patients could be an important biochemical screening indicator.


In the development of DSP system design,the applications of control are an important aspect.One of the two analysis and research methods for on-chip peripherals is analyzed and studied,describing the design principle of chip support library(CSL) and related structural features,and through comparison and analysis of the actual routine,summed up the features and advantages.It provides a reference for the relevant DSP system development and research.


Brazil today experiences an energy paradigm shift through expansion of distributed generation. Photovoltaic projects of residencial size are more accessible to a growing number of consumers. But how the solar generation is remunerated in the current tariff creates financial imbalance, with loss of revenue to power distribution companys, redistributed to all consumers, including those without own generation. The regulator agency, ANEEL, proposes the binomial multipart pricing. With the change, the prosumer loses the capability to compensate the portion of the tariff corresponding to the transport of energy. The white hourly rate is an option at the current rate and the binomial one, in the future. In this context, the objective of this work is to create an hourly analysis methodology to evaluate if the option is economically attractive. The methodology consists in an elaboration of consumption profiles and the economic contabilization of different hourly incomes. Through three case studies, is demonstrated that currently there is no advantage in opting for the white tariff in the context of self-generation, but it is an advantageous choice in relation to the binomial tariff, in the comparison between photovoltaic systems of same power. In this transition period for the B1 group (urban residential consumer), the financial impact due to credit lines for photovoltaic generation was also considered, with favorable results to this option.


Fitting for a vehicle seat, with (a) a seat part fixed first fitting part 209), b) a (relative to the first fitting part 209) rotatable second fitting part (211) (for the inclination adjustment of the backrest 202) of the vehicle seat (201) between a plurality of use positions, (C) interlocking a lean solid, (with the second fitting part 211), and (for a centric free pivoting of the backrest 202) (relative to the second fitting part 211) about an axis (A) pivotable third fitting portion 214), which is in the freely pivoted position of the backrest (202) is secured, d) at least one pawl (220) for locking and / or securing, e) a spring-loaded clamping piece (231) which holds (for locking the third fitting part 214) in the use positions of the backrest (202), the pawl (220) during normal use the seat in position, f) a release element (227) whose rotation unlocks the pawl (220) about its own axis, g) sits a catching piece (229) which (for locking the third fitting part 214) is supported in the use positions of the backrest (202) in the event of a crash, the pawl (220) and which is rotatably on the unlocking shaft (227), in which h) defined the catching piece (229) and the clamping piece (231) to one (by the release shaft 227) common axis are pivotable, and said rotating about its own axis unlocking shaft (227), the catching piece (229) (of the pawl 220 ) pivots and the clamping piece (231) is coupled to an idle path on driving.


It has long been a question of no small importance to me, why all physicians do not carefully prepare themselves for surgical emergencies; and especially does that query apply to men who practice in the remote villages, or in the country, where they will certainly be called to attend all accidents occurring in the immediate vicinity. For the older membrs, who have had the benefit of experience, there is no excuse. For the younger men who are just starting out, there may be possibly, but I doubt it, gentlemen, seriously doubt it. While we have many noble, conservative, earnest and capable young men in the profession, men who will shine in the scientific firmament, we still have two extremes: 1, the bold ones, who are overanxious to wield the scalpel and thus roll up a large list of surgical operations, the results of which are more or less cautiously exposed;


Conventional rectifiers have the defects of low power factor and high harmonic which affect the power quality. A novel three-phase voltage source converter with hysteresis current control was presented to reduce the negative influence of nonliner load. The system control theory was analyzed and the system designing process was presented. The simulation was realized by using Psim software. The reversible converter was constructed based on DSP and IGBT. The unity power factor and sinusoidal current were achieved in the device. The experimental results were identical to the simulation.


Abstract : One of the most widely used approaches to computing systems reliability is to represent the system structure in terms of a Boolean sum of all minpaths. This expression is then transformed into a sum of disjoint terms. The probability of each term is then summed to obtain the reliability of the system. A key question with respect to the difficulty of this process relates to the ability to transform the initial sum into a sum of disjoint products. In this paper, the authors show that for the class of shellable systems, there always exists a disjoint product expression with a number of terms equal to the number of minpaths. The authors provide several examples of shellable systems for which an expression can be efficiently found.


The 1H-Benzimidazolium Hydrogen L-Tartrate Dihydrate (BT) was synthesized using benzimidazole and L-tartaric acid and grown as single crystal by slow evaporation solution growth technique at room temperature (RT) using double-distilled water as a solvent. The crystal system has been confirmed from the single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) and powder XRD analyses. Morphology of the grown BT crystal was obtained using WinXMorph software package. Photoluminescence (PL) and UV–Visible (UV–Vis) spectral studies were performed. The functional groups present in the material were identified from Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The thermal stability of the crystal was studied by TG-DTA (Thermalgravimetry analysis and Differential Thermal Analysis). The dielectric behavior was analyzed both as a function of frequency and temperature. The mechanical strength of the grown crystal was studied with Vickers microhardness tester. The growth patterns were analyzed after etching the surface of the crystal. The second harmonic generation (SHG) of BT was tested by Kurtz–Perry powder technique.


The magnetic sensor device (101) comprises a magnetic sensor (100) and a yoke (20). Magnetic sensor (100) includes a magneto-resistive element (30), a magnet (10), placing the magneto-resistive element (30), a magnet (10) in a position for applying a magnetic field to the magneto-resistive element (30) and an internal holder (18C) for holding, for detecting the magnetic pattern (16M) having the medium (16). Yoke (20) is arranged at a position facing to the conveyance portion of the medium (16) and (18S) and a magnetic resistance element (30) between the magnet (10). This structure suppresses the variation in the output of the magnetic sensor with respect to distance changes between the sensitive portion and the medium of the magneto-resistive element.


The essay discusses the necessity and feasibility of jointly constructing state laboratories,and then puts forward the idea of jointly constructing with the purpose of enabling the rights of independent personnel,finance,and asset existing in state laboratories.


The MoD's Smart Procurement Initiatives, to improve its procedures for managing all phases of the life cycle of defence equipment, include adoption of a 'through life approach' which takes account of all the costs incurred by the acquisition of new equipment. This policy relies on improvements in MoD's ability to forecast through life costs (indiscriminately also known as whole life costs and as life cycle costs) with acceptable accuracy for each new defence equipment project before it seeks Main Gate approval for the expenditure of substantial funds on Demonstration, Production and later phases. The MoD's record on cost forecasting is regularly pilloried by the National Audit Office (NAO) and by independent analysts. Although MoD's record on procurement cost forecasting compares not unfavourably with commercial projects having comparable qualities (of scale, innovation and complexity) the Strategic Defence Review of 1998 indicated that the accuracy of cost forecasting for military projects should be much improved, though it failed to indicate how this improvement might be achieved. To provide a foundation for plans to improve cost forecasting, this paper identifies the components of Whole Life Cost (WLC) and the uses of WLC forecasts in the acquisition of defence equipment. It then describes the methods of WLC forecasting for new equipment projects, and the reasons why such forecasts have often been incorrect. Finally it considers the difficulties of following the Smart Procurement policy of trading off equipment effectiveness, timescale and WLC in the early stages of equipment design and acquisition planning.


Signalling Systems depend on a stable and continuous supply of power in order to perform correctly. For safety reasons Signal Supply Points normally have at least 2 sources of alternating current (AC) supply. Therefore when signalling systems derive their power from the regional electricity supply it is usual to back up the main AC supply source with a diesel generator. Unfortunately this results in a break in power when the diesel generator control system first detects AC supply failure and then starts up and takes over the supply of power to the signalling load. Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems provide a well proven way of ensuring continuity of supply whilst the diesel generator starts up. A UPS can be retrofitted on any site as long as the generator is of sufficient quality and capacity to support the existing signalling system. Chloride Power Protection have now developed and proved UPS systems that are designed to accept the very poor quality 25kV traction supply and convert it into clean, stable and highly accurate sinusoidal source of AC power that is suitable for all types of signalling equipment or computer/communications systems loads. Although many new Railtrack applications in the future will probably operate at 400V 3 phase, most existing Railtrack systems currently operate at 650V 1 phase. For these reasons, Chloride Power Protection have developed a number of different UPS solutions that are very specific to the requirements of the rail industry. Manual Maintenance Bypass Switches (MBS) are always incorporated into the design of UPS systems for rail applications. This facility allows for power to the system load to be maintained without break whilst the UPS is isolated from the system for service/maintenance. For the covering abstract see ITRD E122683.


A servo-controlled multiaxial tube expansion testing machine was developed to measure the plastic deformation behavior of sheet metals under biaxial stress condition in a large strain range. The test material was an interstitial free steel sheet. The test specimen was fabricated by bending and laser-welding the sheet into a tube specimen with an inner diameter of 44.6 mm and a wall thickness of 0.7 mm. Many linear stress paths in the first quadrant of stress space were applied to the tubular specimens using the servo-controlled multiaxial tube expansion testing machine. Moreover, biaxial tensile tests using a cruciform specimen were also performed to precisely measure the deformation behavior in a small strain range following the initial yielding. True stress-true plastic strain curves, the contours of plastic work in stress space up to an equivalent plastic strain of 0.15, and the directions of plastic strain rates were successfully measured. The test material exhibited differential hardening. Moreover, forming limit strains and stresses were determined.


Ten species are added to the 60 species of bats already known to occur in Suriname. The specie s added include Micronycteris minuta, M. nicefori, Phyl/oderma stenops, Tonatia bidens, T. brasiliense , Carollia brevicauda, Chiroderma trinitatum, Vampyressa bidens , Promops centralis , and P. nasutus. Additional information is presented on five species previously recorded from Suriname, including Pteronotus parnellii, Mimon crenulatum , Art ibeus concolor, Chiroderma villosum, and Sturnira tildae .


We explore Boccaccio's Decameron to see how digital humanities tools can be used for tasks that have limited data in a language no longer in contemporary use: medieval Italian. We focus our analysis on the question: Do the different storytellers in the text exhibit distinct personalities? To answer this question, we curate and release a dataset based on the authoritative edition of the text. We use supervised classification methods to predict storytellers based on the stories they tell, confirming the difficulty of the task, and demonstrate that topic modeling can extract thematic storyteller "profiles."


The aim of the study has been to analyse IS-sympathizers and their commitment to the Islamic State; however, this study will not be able to establish a representative result. The study has instead ...


Forests are biologically diverse systems but are however increasingly threatened as a result of deforestation, fragmentation, climate change and other stressors that can be linked to human activities. When biodiversity is lost, the strength and capacity of the ecosystems to provide essential goods and services become incapacitated in terms of scientific, educational, historical and cultural resources. This reviewed paper summarises the impact of biodiversity change on the forest ecosystem and briefly looked at mitigation measures to stop the ongoing trend.


The purpose of the given article revealing of effective organizational forms of association of the companies and environmental conditions of their realisation


This report presents the results of a systematic review of the safety requirements selected for the German Transrapid electromagnetic (EMS) type maglev system to determine their applicability and completeness with respect to the construction and operation of maglev systems in the United States. The German safety requirements for high-speed maglev systems are documented in the 'High-Speed Maglev Trains Safety Requirements' (RW MSB), 'Railroad Construction and Traffic Regulations' (EOB) and the draft 'Maglev Construction and Operation Regulation ' (draft MBO). A major focus of this report is the evaluation of German Standards Institute Standards (DINs) cited in the RW MSB. A review of the RW MSB, the EBO, and the draft MBO safety requirements, as they relate to seven major maglev system functional areas has been performed. These requirements have been compared and assessed to identify similarities to and differences from equivalent U.S. and international transportation-related regulations, standards, specifications, and/or guidelines, and certain general industrial requirements. Unique aspects of the U.S. operating environment have also been considered. Findings are presented regarding proposed safety requirements for the construction and opearation of high-speed maglev systems in the United States. These findings are intended to assist FRA in establishing safety requirements for U.S. maglev systems.


In psychological terms personality is defined as the particular combination of emotional, attitudinal, and behavioral response patterns of an individual. It is believed philosophically that the personality of an individual is determined by following factors namely: 1) freedom vs determinism, 2) heredity vs environment, 3) uniqueness vs universality, 4) activeness vs reactiveness, 5) optimism vs pessimism. The paper work focuses on finding how teacher's personality is reflected by being intuitive that is responding to the external stimuli rather than reacting to it. A survey was conducted on a group of 100 B. Ed students in the age group of 23 to 40 years consisting of 60 females and 40 males. The personality determinant questionnaire prepared by H. J. Eysenck consists of 86 questions with the possibility of choosing only one answer to each of the questions. The result of the study indicated that 70% of the total population showed extraversion and impulsive personality trait.


IN a recent paper (Williams and Russell, 1941) the effects of anticholinesterases on petit mal epilepsy were described. Clinical and subclinical attacks were recorded on the electro-encephalogram (e.e.g.) in epileptic subjects who were selected either for the frequency of their spontaneous attacks, or for the ease with which attacks could be induced. A dose of eserine insufficiently large to cause symptoms through its effect on the parasympathetic system in man was found to prevent petit mal activity, whereas a larger dose caused an increase in the number and duration of petit mal attacks. Prostigmin on the other hand invariably caused an increase in the epileptic activity seen in the e.e.g. and it reversed the effect of small doses of eserine. The work has been continued in an attempt to establish the mode of action of these drugs and to discover the effect of other substances known to modify transmission at cholinergic endings. The present paper contains observations on the effect of acetylcholine and allied drugs upon the incidence of epileptic cerebral discharges, and the results are discussed in relation to the site of action of the substances.


A general mathematical model for the chemical pulping of wood including coupled chemical reactions and diffusion limitations in anisotropic wood chips was developed. The model, which consists of co ...


The disposition of carbon-14 labeled CI-924 (I), 5,5'-(1,1-biphenyl)-2,5 diyl-bis(oxy)-bis-2,2'-dimethylpentanoic acid, was studied in beagle dogs and rats following single 10 mg/kg po doses. Serial plasma, urine and fecal samples were collected up to 168 hr and analyzed for total radioactivity. Peak /sup 14/C plasma concentrations of 31 mcg/ml (dogs) and 66 mcg/ml (rats) were attained within 0.5 and 1.0 hr after dosing. The concentrations declined thereafter with estimated half life of 11 and 5 hr in rats and dogs, respectively. TLC radiochromatography revealed that I was the only component in circulating blood. Tissue distribution study in rats showed that the highest /sup 14/C concentrations were found in plasma and liver with decreasing concentrations in lung, heart, kidney, skin, gonads, spleen, fat, muscle, adrenals, and brain. All tissue concentrations declined in parallel with plasma levels with half lives of 14-22 hr. Urinary and fecal excretion accounted for 1-3% and 92-96% of the dose, respectively. Balance study in bile duct cannulated rats showed that 90%, 1%, and 1% of the dose was excreted in bile, urine, and feces. Unchanged drug and varying amounts of its conjugate were the only products present in bile, urine or feces. These results indicate that I wasmore » completely absorbed and eliminated primarily by biliary excretion in the form of unchanged drug and its conjugate.« less


The enlarging market of portable devices and wireless networks stimulates the provisioning of mobility-enabled Internet services with differentiated levels of quality of service (QoS). The finally supplied QoS level can greatly differ from the negotiated one because of the very variable availability of network resources. This significantly impacts on the pricing policies and, consequently, on the definition and realization of fair accounting strategies. The paper claims the need for middleware solutions able to evolve dynamically depending on user/terminal mobility to monitor, control and register the finally supplied QoS level directly within the network localities where users/terminals move to. The paper presents the design and implementation of the Active middleware for Quality-aware Accounting of Mobile services (AQuAM) that is capable of accounting final users for the QoS level finally supplied during service provisioning, in contexts of user/terminal mobility.


The objective of this study is to assess immunomodulatory effects of mixed Weissella (W.) cibaria JW15 strain with water extract of black soybean (Glycine max) and burdock (Arctium lappa) on Listeria (L.) monocytogenes infection in mice. Female 7-9 week old BALB/c mice were given a daily dose of 1 × 10 CFU of viable JW15 and JW15 mixed with black soybean (BS) and burdock (BD) in 200 μL PBS for 2 weeks. The nomal control group (NC) and positive control group (PC) were given 200 μL PBS. After 2 weeks, mice were infected with L. monocytogenes (1.0 × 10 CFU/mouse) via the tail vein. The NC was injected with 100 μL PBS without L. monocytogenes. After 2 days, mice were euthanized and their body weights were determined. In addition, their livers and spleens were weighed, and serum were analyzed for cytokine (Interleukin-1β (IL1β) and Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) production. The survival rate was monitored using 5 mice in each group in the same way above until the mice died. Two days after infection with L. monocytogenes, mean spleen weight per body weight (g/kg) of JW15 (5.4 ± 0.88 g/kg), JW15 + BS (6.0 ± 0.64 g/kg), and JW15 + BD (5.3 ± 0.38 g/kg) group were significantly lower than that of the PC (6.8 ± 0.57 g/kg). The level of IL-1β in the serum of JW15 + BD (113.6 ± 31.03 pg/mL) was significantly higher than that of the JW15 (67.9 ± 15.15 pg/mL). Collectively, combination W. cibaria JW15 and water extract of BD and BD have ability to induce synergistic immunomodulative effects and are suitable for consideration as a functional food for humans and functional feed additives for companion animals.


Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have the necessary functionalit y for the manipulation of spatial data, allowing users to collect, manage and analyze large volumes of spatiall y associated and referenced data. In the past, GISs used proprietary, closed data structures, adapted to support specific data types, li ke maps or satellit e images. More recently, faciliti es for database management, such as support for multi -users, processing of large volumes of data and management of distributed information, are being recognized as important requirements for an eff icient and effective GIS. Thus, among the most important requirements for the future GIS are the interconnection of different systems and the sharing of information from different sources. More precisely, the way is the definition and implementation of appropriate architectures for supporting open, distributed GIS. An important aspect of this proposal is to incorporate in the GIS the idea of "openness" , adopted by many other information systems. Therefore, in the present work, we initiall y identify, evaluate and classify (according to the technology used) the different options for the definition and implementation of an architecture to support the processing and handling of distributed geographical information. Also we identify and justify advantages and disadvantages of each one of the presented options. Finall y, we consider perspectives and future tendencies in the area of distributed geographical data processing.


Feral raccoons have become a big problem in Osaka Prefecture (causing agricultural damage, invading houses, etc.). In this study, we used system dynamics to predict the population dynamics of raccoons in Osaka. We constructed four population dynamics models incorporating the parameters of initial number of individuals and the mortality rate, and we simulated population dynamics from 2004 to 2007. Each of the four models indicated that the population of raccoons would increase. Then, using the model and parameters that best matched the past research, we simulated population dynamics from 2007 to 2027. To exterminate the raccoon, our modelling showed to have to put 1.5 times or more the capture pressure from the number of harmful wildlife control in at least 2007.


Energy relaxation processes for minority electrons in p‐GaAs are investigated by time‐resolved photoluminescence (PL) measurements using an up‐conversion technique with a high time resolution of 130 fs. By measuring the time evolution of PL intensity, the energy relaxation time of electrons is obtained directly. Moreover, electron distribution created by laser excitation which is in a thermally nonequilibrium state is successfully observed. With increasing hole concentration, the time response in PL intensity becomes fast. This implies that electron‐hole interaction plays a key role in energy relaxation in high hole concentration. By detailed analyses of PL intensity, it can be found that the relaxation time by electron‐hole interaction is approximately 500 fs or less, and electrons which are in a nonequilibrium state just after excitation are thermalized rapidly within about 200 fs at the first stage by electron‐hole interaction.


Aims. We have established a procedure for uncut Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy after laparoscopic distal gastrectomy. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and technical feasibility of the procedure for patients with distal gastric cancer according to the short-term outcomes. Methods. Two hundred and twenty-eight consecutive patients who underwent a laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with uncut Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy from September 2014 to August 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. All the laparoscopic operations were performed successfully without conversion to open surgery. Results. The mean operative duration was 178.28 ± 32.82 minutes, the mean anastomotic process duration was 28.22 ± 7.50 minutes, the average blood loss was 48.97 ± 29.16 mL, and the overall number of lymph nodes harvested was 37.16 ± 11.47. The mean time of out-of-bed ambulation, anal exsufflation, liquid-diet intake, and duration of hospital stay were 41.99 ± 18.37 hours, 69.57 ± 23.17 hours, 5.06 ± 1.09 days, and 8.77 ± 2.42 days, respectively. Fifteen patients suffered postoperative complications, and the overall incidence rate was 6.58% (15/228). Seventeen patients experienced afferent recanalization, the mean time of which was 11 months after the operation. Conclusion. The laparoscopic uncut Roux-en-Y reconstruction is safe and technically feasible, and it has inspiring short-term outcomes for patients undergoing distal gastrectomy.


The study was based in 4 private hospitals and 4 public hospitals in the northern region of Bangladesh. Based on proportionate of random sample, data were obtained by direct interview with the delivery patients. This study investigates the role of age at marriage and maternal age at delivery on caesarean cases of first birth. The result reflects that the rate of caesarean delivery is higher in private hospital than public hospital. Maternal age factor is significantly associated with the unmber of live-birth for caesarean deliveries at overall, private and public hospital level. Using curve modelling, exponential model is the most appropriate model for both age at marriage and maternal age on number of caesarean delivery of first births. Furthermore, in order to describe the distribution of female age at marriage corresponding to number of caesarean cases, Type I extreme value distribution is a suitable probability model. Findings suggest that the rate of caesarean delivery is another factor that plays an important role to reduction on fertility schedule in future. This in turn may pose significant implication for those countries where the fertility rate is low.


As part of two separate research projects rail profile, rail surface hardness and track geometry have been measured on a railway track, which is almost exclusively devoted to commuter train traffic, for a total period of three and a half years. This report presents results from these measurements concerning rail wear and in what way different factors influence rail wear. Also the traffic situation at the test sites and the methodology concerning measurements and evaluation are presented. The shapes of rail profiles in curves with different radii and at different stages of accumulated traffic tonnage were compared to each other. From these comparisons it can be seen that the wear is distributed across the rail profile in a way that tends to promote a uniform or almost uniform rail profile shape. Also the influence of curve radius on rail wear rate has been investigated. Rail wear rates in different curves have been compared to rail wear rate on a straight track. The influence of curve radius on rail wear rate has been found to be substantial. Measurements performed at different sections in a curve show that vehicle behaviour probably influences rail wear significantly. When leaving a curve and heading for a straight track the acceleration of the vehicle may increase the rail wear. Weather data from nearby located meteorological stations has been compared to measured rail wear. Especially precipitation has been found to affect rail wear, but also air temperature may influence rail wear. Track-side lubrication of the rail in curves can significantly reduce rail wear. The reduction is however dependent on both the distance after the lubricant device and the radius of the curve. Weather conditions may also influence rail wear in lubricated curves differently than in non-lubricated curves. This is probably due to that the lubricant is affected by weather conditions such as precipitation and air temperature. Also the rail steel grade influences the rail wear. To investigate this test sites with both UIC 900A and UIC 1100 grade rail steel were examined. Higher rail steel grade was found to reduce rail wear. The effect of lubricating the rail compared to the use of different rail steel grades was also examined. New rails can have a different wear rate compared to old and worn rails who have already accumulated traffic tonnage. This may be due to the fact that worn rails usually have rail profile shapes that are different from that of new rails. This leads to altered contact conditions between wheel and rail and thus altered wear conditions. Another reason may be that accumulation of traffic tonnage results in plastic rail deformation which leads to increased surface hardness and thus increased wear resistance. (A)


This paper presents a more accurate equivalent circuit model of the multiphase trasmission lines,for calculating the surge processes of multiphase UHV transmission lines affected by corona This model may link up with the EMTP program to compute the transent problems of any complex network We have written a commonly used program for computing thunderpoof problems in the 500 kV substations


This article discusses bias in social class studies of mortality that exclude the economically inactive (EI) population. This study examined Finnish census data on social class that is linked to recorded deaths during 5-year periods in 1971-90. The EI population includes housewives the disabled and pensioners. Findings indicate that mortality declined among the economically active (EA). At the end of a 5-year period there are persons classified as EA who actually are retired due to poor health. This unmeasured change in population structure reflects fluctuations and increased mortality in the EA population during each 5-year period. Each new census begins with only those persons who are healthy enough to work which causes a sharp decline in the death rate. This cycle is repetitious. The findings indicate that the gap in mortality between the EA and EI decreases over time. Underestimates for women indicate greater bias. Analysis of 1980s data indicate that differences between social classes were greater among all men than among EA men. The womens differences were the largest among social classes of the EA. The social class differences after 7.5 years were smaller among EA men than among all men. The "healthy worker" effect did not wear off during a 10-year follow-up period for men or women. At 7.5 years inequalities were so biased for EA women that the author found the data useless. The results for men were less biased but the actual estimate of the size of the bias was not stable. Other studies indicate similar biases in other European countries that exclude inactivity.


We present updated results constraining multiplicity demographics for the stellar population of the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC, a high-mass, high-density star-forming region), across primary masses 0.08–0.7 M ⊙. Our study utilizes archival Hubble Space Telescope data obtained with the Advanced Camera for Surveys using multiple filters (GO-10246). Previous multiplicity surveys in low-mass, low-density associations like Taurus identify an excess of companions to low-mass stars roughly twice that of the Galactic field and find the mass ratio distribution consistent with the field. Previously, we found the companion frequency to low-mass stars in the ONC is consistent with the Galactic field over mass ratios = 0.6–1.0 and projected separations = 30–160 au, without placing constraints on the mass ratio distribution. In this study, we investigate the companion population of the ONC with a double point-spread function (PSF) fitting algorithm sensitive to separations larger than 10 au (0.″025) using empirical PSF models. We identified 44 companions (14 new), and with a Bayesian analysis we estimate the companion frequency to low-mass stars in the ONC = 0.13 −0.03+0.05 and the index of the power-law fit to the mass ratio distribution = 2.08 −0.85+1.03 over all mass ratios and projected separations of 10–200 au. We find the companion frequency in the ONC is consistent with the Galactic field population, likely from states of high transient stellar density, and a probability of 0.002 that it is consistent with that of Taurus. We also find the ONC mass ratio distribution is consistent with the field and Taurus, potentially indicative of its primordial nature, a direct outcome of the star formation process.


Code retrieval is allowing software engineers to search codes through a natural language query, which relies on both natural language processing and software engineering techniques. There have been several attempts on code retrieval from searching snippet codes to function codes. In this paper, we introduce Augmented Code (AugmentedCode) retrieval which takes advantage of existing information within the code and constructs augmented programming language to improve the code retrieval models' performance. We curated a large corpus of Python and showcased the the framework and the results of augmented programming language which outperforms on CodeSearchNet and CodeBERT with a Mean Reciprocal Rank (MRR) of 0.73 and 0.96, respectively. The outperformed fine-tuned augmented code retrieval model is published in HuggingFace at https://huggingface.co/Fujitsu/AugCode and a demonstration video is available at: https://youtu.be/mnZrUTANjGs .


Miniaturized, high-density, bead-based arrays are provided. Methods of producing and using clonal beads and producing and using miniaturized, high density, bead-based arrays are also provided.


This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feed removal during the day on broiler performance and some blood parameters. Live material of the experiment consisted of 600 mixed sex day-old commercial (Avian Farm) broiler chicks. The experiment was held in six rooms with a randomly allocated control group and two treatment groups and their replicates. The birds were full fed ad libitum in the control group while the feeders were removed for three and six hours per day for the treatment I and treatment II groups respectively between the 5 th and 37 th days. Average live weights of the control, treatment I and treatment II groups at 40 days of age were 1992.5, 1918.0 and 1940.0 g, respectively. The differences between the control group and the two others were statistically significant (P


We report first the complete study of the reactions of [CpMo(CO)2]2 (Mo≡Mo) (1, Cp = η5-C5H5) with salt-free phosphorus ylides Ph3P=CHR (2, Ph = C6H5; R = H (2a), CH3 (2b), C3H7 (2c), C6H5 (2d)) and with the Nal-adducts of the ylides Ph3P=CMe2 (Me = CH3), PhMe2P=CH2 and (PhO)3P=CH2. With 2, products of the type Cp(CO)2LMo-MoL(CO)2Cp (7, L = ylide) were obtained, and the salt adducts gave addition compounds of the type Cp(CO)2LMo-MoL(CO)2Cp-2NaI (12, L = ylide). These very reactive products represent novel bisphosphonioalkyl complexes, and were characterized by IR, mass and 1H NMR spectrometry. The reaction of 1 with hexaphenylcarbodiphosphorane, C(PPh3)2, leads to a novel double addition product, Cp2Mo2(CO)4[C(PPh3)2]2 (14). Some reactions of compounds 7, 12 and 14 were also studied; 7d (L = CHPh -PPh3) reacts with NaNH2 yielding ammonia and the disodium salt of the novel dianionic complex [CpMo(CO)2(CPh-PPh3)]22- (15); 7a (L = CH2-PPh3) reacts with CH3I forming CpMo(CO)3CH3 and traces of CpMo(CO)2(PPh3)I; all compounds of types 7,12 and 14 react with adsorbents (Silica-gel, Al2O3, etc.); thus chromatography is impossible, even under strict protection from air and humidity. A study of the processes occurring during chromatography under various conditions and the resulting products are also reported and discussed. [CpW(CO)3]2 (18) reacts with 2a forming also a bisphosphonioalkyl complex [CpW(CO)2L]2(L = CH2=PPh3); in this case, the ylide substitutes two carbonyl groups in 18. The compounds [Cp*M(CO)2]2 (M≡M) (Cp* = C5Me5 ; M = Cr, W) apparently do not react with phosphorous ylides; the corresponding Mo compound, [Cp*Mo(CO)2]2 , does react, but only the new mono-nuclear complex Cp*Mo(CO)2(PPh3)Cl (22) could be isolated.


Image mosaic is the main technology to create panorama,but the image mosaic algorithm is mainly applied to PC,in which it can be processed fast but PC is large and it can not be taken easily.The paper realizes a panoramic image mosaic system based on embedded systems,which can collect images automatedly,and use an area-matching algorithm to connect the images,and finally get the panorama.The experimental results show that the panorama-getting system constructed on embedded systems can get better effect by processing the static images.


ABSTRACT One of the important factors of the succession of a company is the employee, and compensation plays an important role on the performance of the employee. The objective of this research is to analyze the importance and the performance of compensation programs in PT. Bank Sulut. 22 employees in PT. Bank Sulut Tondano were surveyed as respondents. The type of this research is descriptive and used important-performance analysis (IPA) as the analytical tool. The result shows the importance of all of the compensation programs in PT. Bank Sulut are highly rated, but the performance of Salary and Employee Welfare are perceived to be low. The performance of Annual Leave and Uniforms has excessive the importance of these programs so the excessive performance have to be reduced by the amount and allocated to programs that has a lack of performance. Bedside the four programs mentioned above, the performance of other programs should be maintained. Keywords: compensation, importance-performance analysis, PT. Bank Sulut


The research objective is to analyze information and communication technology resources in online learning systems. This research method is carried out starting from studying the literature related to the research topic then identifying the ICT resources used for online learning. The results showed that the information managed by the online learning system was 84.72% on average, the applications used were LMS Moodle (100%), Moodle runs on infrastructure with various specifications, and ICT human resources in higher education are on average as much as 54.55%. This study provides recommendations for universities wishing to develop an online learning system in their organization.
Keywords: ICT Resources, PBM, Online Learning Systems, LMS, Higher Education


Abnormal pulmonary surfactant plays an important role in the developments of many diseases.It had been proved that the composition of pulmonary surfactant changed after cardiopulmonary bypass operation, and it is one of the reasons of lung injury post cardiopulmonary bypass. A review was given on the relationship between pulmonary surfactant and lung injury after cardiopulmonary bypass including the prospects of the treatment of lung injury after cardiopulmonary bypass by using exogenous surfactant.


Financial product prices often depend on unknown parameters. Their estimation introduces the risk that a better informed counterparty may strategically pick mispriced products. Understanding estimation risk, and how to properly price it, is essential. We discuss how total estimation risk can be minimized by selecting a probability model of appropriate complexity. We show that conditional estimation risk can be measured only if the probability model predictions have little bias. We illustrate how a premium for conditional estimation risk may be determined when one counterparty is better informed than the other, but a market collapse is to be avoided. We use a simple example from pricing regime credit scoring, where a loan applicant and a single bank engage in a zero-sum game. We find that in large samples kernelized logistic regression is at least as accurate as commonly used default probability estimators such as logistic regression, and that it has little bias. This allows estimating conditional estimation risk. Computations are fast using a model-based approach. These methods are empirically examined on a panel data set from a German credit bureau, where we also study dynamic dependencies such as prior rating migrations and defaults.


This paper compares four alternative vehicle technologies for a typical small family car in India (Maruti 800) two conventional i) Petrol driven internal combustion (IC) engine, ii) Compressed natural gas (CNG) driven IC engine and two based on proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells with different storage iii) Compressed hydrogen storage and iv) Metal hydride (FeTi) storage. Each technology option is simulated in MATLAB using a backward facing algorithm to calculate the force and power requirement for the Indian urban drive cycle. The storage for the CNG and the fuel cell vehicles is designed to have driving range of 50% of the existing petrol vehicle. The simulation considers the part load efficiency vs. load characteristics for the computed ratings of the IC engine and the fuel cell. The analysis includes the transmission efficiency, motor efficiency and storage efficiencies. The comparison criteria used are the primary energy consumption (MJ/km), the cost (Rs./km) obtained by computing the annualized life cycle cost and dividing this by the annual vehicle travel and carbon dioxide emissions (g/km). For the primary energy analysis the energy required for extraction, processing of the fuel is also included. For the fuel cell vehicles, it is assumed that hydrogen is produced from natural gas through steam methane reforming. It is found that the fuel cell vehicles have the lowest primary energy consumption (1.3 MJ/km) as compared to the petrol and CNG vehicles (2.3 and 2.5 MJ/km respectively). The cost analysis is done based on existing prices in India and reveals that the CNG vehicle has the lowest cost (2.3 Rs./km) as compared to petrol (4.5 Rs./km). The fuel cell vehicles have a higher cost of 26 Rs./km mainly due to the higher fuel cell system cost (93% of the total cost). The CO2 emissions are lowest for the fuel cell vehicle with compressed hydrogen storage (98 g/km) as compared to the petrol vehicle (162 g/km). If the incremental annual cost of the fuel cell vehicle is divided by the annual CO2 reduction, the cost per kg of CO2 is Rs. 334. The sensitivity analysis reveals the impact of fuel cell life, fuel cell price, relative price of natural gas and petrol on the cost analysis. This analysis clearly reveals the merits and demerits of fuel cell vehicles and can be useful in setting targets for fuel cell vehicle development. 1 Euro = 53 Rupees in 2006.


Simple algebraical solutions to the matrix equation A^{T}X + XB = P through the transformation of A and B to canonical forms are considered. The considered approach is rather general in that is not limited to particular representations, but covers the whole class of canonical forms that A and B can assume.


Objective
To explore the effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on anxiety, depression and immune function in patients with gastric cancer.

Methods
The study investigated 118 patients with gastric cancer who were hospitalized from March 2011 to February 2015. The participants were randomly divided into the intervention group (n=59) and the control group (n=59). Both groups received conventional mental health education while the intervention group complemented with MBSR intervention once a week (six weeks in total). Self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were used to evaluate patients′ anxiety and depression status before and after the intervention. Moreover, T-cell subsets status could reflect the immune function using phosphatase bridging ELISA.

Results
Before the intervention, the scores of SAS and SDS had no significant differences between the two groups(P>0.05). However, after the MBSR intervention, the scores for the intervention group significantly reduced and lower than the control group (P 0.05). Furthermore, the CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+ /CD8+ had little differences between the two groups before the intervention(P>0.05). However, the CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+ /CD8+ for the intervention group significantly increased with CD8+ reduced after MBSR (P 0.05).

Conclusions
The MBSR intervention can significantly reduce the negative emotions such as anxiety and depression, and can increase the immunity in patients with gastric cancer.

Key words:
Anxiety; Depression; Immune function; Gastric cancer; Mindfulness-based stress reduction


The invention discloses a liquid crystal display device and a color optical filter thereof. The color optical filter comprises a plurality of filter units and black matrix layers. The filter units are distributed into an array at intervals. Each filter unit corresponds to one subpixel unit of the liquid crystal display device. The black matrix layers are formed between the filter units. The cross section of the black matrix layer between every two adjacent filter units comprises a wide upper portion and a narrow lower portion.


Objective: To learn about the difficulties and problems and explore the measures and resolution.Methods: By the approaches of on-site survey,workshop,individual interview,referring to the materials and questionnaire survey among the public security sector and public health sector,to learn about the local public security sector participation in the pilot programs of methadone maintenance and needle exchange for two years.Results: Survey shows that Gejiu Public Security sectors have obtained experiences and achievements and also are confronting the difficulties and problems.And we analyzed the resource of the difficult problems and provide active measures to respond to them.


The importance of Mo in metallurgical industry was introduced mainly in this paper. Mo is an important resource of non-regeneration. Because of fine and super properties, Mo is used extensively in metallurgical industry field. It is expected that the consumption of Mo in the metallurgical industry will increase greatly.


The development,distribution,and environment risks of chemical industry park in China were reviewed in this paper.The situation of environmental risk management was analysed,and counteroreasures were proposed.


In this work, a calculation model of the building is proposed, which is an object of historical and cultural heritage, which allows, on the one hand, reconstructing the building taking into account the changed operating conditions and regulatory loads according to all the rules of the construction mechanics of the structure, and on the other hand, maintaining the authenticity of the main architectural and decorative elements. The proposed engineering solutions allow for the collaboration of new and historical structural elements, combining the possibility of using modern materials in new structural elements and authentic materials in elements whose historical authenticity is preserved. In the calculation model, it is proposed to use two layers of finite elements, which are responsible for new and historical structural elements, and then ensure the compatibility of their work using special conditions.


The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of promotions and convenience of service on customer loyalty through the choice to transact using QRIS. This research is a quantitative investigation utilizing SPSS 26. The target population for this study consists of bank clients, with a sample size of 100. Data collection methods involve the use of a questionnaire. Based on the data analysis, it can be deduced that promotions and convenience of service have a noteworthy impact on transaction decisions using QRIS. Promotions and convenience of service significantly influence customer loyalty when utilizing QRIS. Transaction decisions do not significantly influence customer loyalty when using QRIS. Indirectly, promotions have a significant impact on customer loyalty through transaction decisions using QRIS. Indirectly, convenience of service has a significant impact on customer loyalty through transaction decisions using QRIS.


The utility model provides a PCB board divides trigger, includes feed mechanism, divides the trigger to construct, move board ware mechanism, unloading mechanism, supplies empty charging tray mechanism, the flourishing range upon range of mechanism of charging tray and the slitter edge frame clearing device contained. The utility model discloses can the full automatic on -line formula of realization divide the board, realize docking with the perfect of customer's production facility, the extravagant time when having eliminated the station conversion, overcome the existing equipment and can't carry out accurate positioning, unable tool changing and tool setting to the PCB board, can not be with discarding the difficult problem that the rim charge automaticallyed process.


In a growing body of literature, importance of financial sector development and growth on human development has been emphasized but so far little empirical evidence to support this. Islam is a progrowth religion but the concept of development in Islam is multidimensional, understanding the relationship between finance, growth and human development would help us better explain and develop a sustainable pro-Islamic economic growth model, which would help eradicate mass poverty, income inequality and develop human capital in the Muslim world. This study aims to investigate how finance and growth affect human development in Malaysia from Islamic economic development perspective by using standard time series technique, ARDL. The study finds that there is a long term relationship between finance, growth and human development. Human development is found significantly correlated with the growth in the long run. It can be argued that financial development supports growth and growth ultimately promotes human development in the long run, also, macroeconomic stability is found significant for sustainable economic growth in Malaysia. However, oil price is found not correlated with growth in the long run for the Malaysian economy.


In this work, computational modelling and performance assessment of several different types of variable thermoelectric legs have been performed under steady-state conditions and the results reviewed. The study conducted has covered geometries, not previously analysed in the literature, such as Cone-leg and Diamond-leg, based on the corresponding thermoelectric generator leg shape structure. According to the findings, it has been demonstrated that the inclusion of a variable cross-section can have an impact on the efficiency of a thermoelectric generator. It has been concluded that the Diamond configuration generated a slightly larger voltage difference than the conventional Rectangular geometry. In addition, for two cases, Rectangular and Diamond configurations, the voltage generated by a TEG module consisting of 128 pairs of legs was analysed. As thermal stress analysis is an important factor in the selection of TEG leg geometries, it was observed based on simulations that the newly implemented Diamond-leg geometry encountered lower thermal stresses than the traditional Rectangular model, while the Cone-shape may fail structurally before the other TEG models. The proposed methodology, taking into account the results of the simulation carried out, provides guidance for the development of thermoelectric modules with different forms of variable leg geometry.


PURPOSE: An electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery is provided to improve power in low temperatures and high temperature performance. CONSTITUTION: An electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery comprises a lithium salt comprising a first lithium salt and a lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide second lithium salt indicated in chemical formula 1 with a molar ratio of 1:0.05 - 1:1, and a non-aqueous organic solvent. The molar ratio of the first lithium salt and the second lithium salt is 1:0.25-1:0.43. A content of the first lithium salt is 0.5-1.3 M and a content of the second lithium salt is 0.05-0.5 M. a lithium secondary battery comprises anode comprising anode active material and cathode comprising cathode active material.


The constraint structure of the transportation problem is so important that the literature is filled with efforts to provide efficient algorithms for solving it. The intent of this work is to present various rules governing load distribution for alternate optimal solutions in transportation problems, a subject that has not attracted much attention in the current literature, with the result that the load assignment for an alternate optimal solution is left mostly at the discretion of the practitioner. Using the Shadow Price theory we illustrate the structure of alternate solutions in a transportation problem and provide a systematic analysis for allocating loads to obtain an alternate optimal solution. Numerical examples are presented to explain the proposed process.


The advantages of air as a coolant are generalized, and information useful for determining approximate surface, operating power, plan area, weight and prices for air-cooled heat exchanger applications is given. (T. R. H.)


The process of developing coal-bed methane which is short,with the unique characteristics of low well gas production,high well density and much water discharged by decreasing the pressure has certain impacts on ecological environment.The paper analyzed the chemical properties of waste drilling fluid and coal-bed methane discharge water,the results showed that COD concentration of waste drilling fluid was 1 985.5 mg/L;COD,heavy metal and salt concentrations of coal-bed methane discharge waters were high,COD and heavy metal concentrations were decreased after the natural sedimentation,while salt concentration had no change.The change in soil quality was further determined,and soil As contents was increased by exploring coal-bed methane.Pollution control measures were proposed,which would provide theoretical basis and technical support for the pollution control in the process of developing coal-bed methane.


While Peer Effects in the education field have been extensively studied worldwide, the development of research topics in this area remains insufficient and unclear. This study employs bibliometric analysis to explore research trends regarding Peer Effects. Publications output data were gathered from research articles in the Web of Science database from 1992 to 2022. Using VOS viewer, this study aims to answer questions related to the number of Peer Effects publications, countries, and regions engaged in research, highly cited scholars and works, as well as hot topics and development trends. This study suggests that Peer Effects research has gone through three stages of development over the past 30 years, with the United States dominating the field discourse. The study also identifies the core academic research group of the Peer Effects research field, and highlights the need to focus on sub-classroom levels. These findings have policy implications, as adjusting peer composition at different levels can improve resource allocation in education.


The article presents the radial basis network architecture which was used to calculate the selected parameters combustion process. For teaching the network on algorithm of back propagation errors were used. The input and output teaching data files were received from the measurement and from the calculation was based on the First Thermodynamics' Law. The application of the radial basis network enabled to minimize the input data files. In order to verify the structure of the net, the calculations of the accidentally chosen engine cycles were carried out. Additionally, some calculation results obtained with the use of the feedforward multilayer perceptron network were presented. Analysis of results obtained from calculation carried out with the use of both methods shows that the radial basis network allows to reduce input data files and minimize calculation errors.


In a node-labeled graph, keyword search finds subtrees of the graph whose nodes contain all of the query keywords. This provides a way to query graph databases that neither requires mastery of a query language such as SPARQL, nor a deep knowledge of the database schema. We demonstrate eGraphSearch, a new system for effective keyword search in graph databases. Previous work ranks answer trees using combinations of structural and content-based metrics, such as path length between keywords or relevance of the labels in the answer tree to the query keywords. However, different nodes in the graph might have different importance, which affects the utility of the answer. In the proposed system, we implemented two new ways to rank keyword search results over graphs: the first one takes node importance into account while the second one is a bi-objective optimization of edge weights and node importance. In the demonstration, participants will execute keyword queries against several popular graph datasets.


This proceeding presents an overview of the main measuremen ts of Generalized Parton Distributions (GPD) performed by the CLAS Collaboration. G PDs are experimentally accessed through exclusive processes like Deeply-Virtual Compton S cattering (DVCS) and Deeply-Virtual Meson Production (DVMP). The CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) installed in the Hall-B of Jefferson Lab, with its large acceptance, is parti cularly suitable for the reconstruction of exclusive final states, allowing the investigation of these processes in a wide range of kinematics. In the following, an overview of the main results is given.


The primary purpose of this report is more to brief to the reader with a detailed
and comprehensive study of theory, design, fabrication, result and problem encountered
in the designing bandpass filter. This filter design is operate at frequency center of 5.8
with bandwidth is 20% of frequency center. The approaches used to achieve this project
are through literature review of microstrip filter including calculation, computer
software simulation and fabrication process using FR4 board. Microstrip technology is
the best technique because it is can give accurate value and economical. This technology
is design to reduce the cost compared to conventional filter that had been used before.
The bandpass filter has several types and design but this project is focused on the
parallel-coupled bandpass filter to determine the suitable parameters. Microwave Office
Software is used to analyze the characteristic parameter and determine the insertion loss
and return loss of frequency response that has been used to analyze performance quality.
The bandpass filter contributes to the application of Wireless Local Network Area
application. This thesis exposes to the evaluation process of designing parallel-coupled
microstrip bandpass filter.


Modeling induction motors under static and dynamic eccentricity faults, arising from bearing "wear and tear", through Time-Stepping Finite Element (TSFE) methods suffers from the resulting long numerical transient response before numerical convergence is achieved. In this paper, this lengthy transient phenomenon is substantially reduced through the so-called "Virtual Blocked Rotor (VBR)" approach implemented here. This approach starts with an initial calculation of the motor permeabilities and skin effect corresponding to the operating condition of the induction motor. Such calculations are performed in an FE Eddy-Current frequency-domain solver reflecting the voltage supply magnitude, value of slip, type and degree of eccentricity fault. The calculated permeabilities are imported into the TSFE simulation of the faulty induction motor and the performance characteristics of the faulty motor are extracted for further analysis. In this paper, static and dynamic eccentricities are applied to the induction motor under study. It is observed here that this approach successfully solves the problem of a lengthy numerical transient response and saves computational time in the analysis process.


Internet has grown up as the most popular and effective information tool of the present age. It's growth, popularity and effectiveness are shaping the world as a global village. Every domain of the human intellect has taken boost with this outstanding development of the 20 Century. Keeping these facts in mind, the Shantarakshita library of Tibetan Institute got the Internet connectivity in the year 1998. Since then, users of the library are immensely using it. To streamline the use of this facility and to train users in its proper use, various initiatives have been taken by the library. Present study is an endeavour in this direction. * Documentation Officer, Shantarakshita Library, CIHTS (Deemed University), Sarnath, VARANASI 221 007 E-mail : email@example.com ** Librarian, Vasanta College for Women, Rajghat Fort, VARANASI 221 001


In the present thesis, skeletal and dental evidence of physical strain and habitual behaviour has been investigated through musculoskeletal stress markers (MSM) and extramasticatory dental wear. Th ...


The significance of small firms in delivering a substantial part of the total output of hospi tality goods and services is a long-established feature of the hospitality industry. Indeed the very origins of the industry in domestic settings — providing accommodation, food and drink — suggests that hospitality is a small scale, interpersonal activity. That said, the growth of a small number of hunge national and inter national organisations which control dispro portionately large sections of lodging, restaurant and public house markets, is a remarkable feature of the current hospitality industry. In theory, the small hospitality enterprise, located close to its market and in personal contact with its customers, has considerable advantage in being able to respond quickly to customer needs and demands. These firms, owned and managed by individuals intimately ittvolved in creating the hospitality experience with customers, should enjoy considerable competitive advantage over larger organisa tions, that perhaps as a consequence of their organisational formality, have more remote and less personal relationships with customers. There are many small hospitality firms which do successfully compete in their local market, yet small firms in general are losing market share to the bigger operators. Some commenta tors go so far as dismiss the future existence of the small firm in hospitality provision! While the economic might of large firms to establish brands and operate at lower costs because of scale advantages goes some way to explain the loss of market share to small firms, the level of skills and talents together with the limited aims and objectives of those who own and manage small hospitality firms are also signifi cant factors.


In order to obtain cassava starch films with improved mechanical properties in relation to the synthetic polymer in the packaging production, a complete factorial design 23 was carried out in order to investigate which factor significantly influences the tensile strength of the biofilm. The factors to be investigated were cassava starch, glycerol and modified clay contents. Modified bentonite clay was used as a filling material of the biofilm. Glycerol was the plasticizer used to thermoplastify cassava starch. The factorial analysis suggested a regression model capable of predicting the optimal mechanical property of the cassava starch film from the maximization of the tensile strength. The reliability of the regression model was tested by the correlation established with the experimental data through the following statistical analyse: Pareto graph. The modified clay was the factor of greater statistical significance on the observed response variable, being the factor that contributed most to the improvement of the mechanical property of the starch film. The factorial experiments showed that the interaction of glycerol with both modified clay and cassava starch was significant for the reduction of biofilm ductility. Modified clay and cassava starch contributed to the maximization of biofilm ductility, while glycerol contributed to the minimization.


The photographic light scattering‐technique was used to study the relationship between sample deformation and spherulite deformation during rapid stretching of polyethylene and polybutene‐1 films. Scattering patterns are interpreted in terms of spherulite deformation theory to give the elongation ratio of the spherulite which is compared with that of the sample. At low elongations spherulite deformation is less than or equal to that of the sample indicating that an affine deformation model is a reasonable approximation. At high elongations the spherulite elongation ratio is greater than that of the sample. This is due to inhomogeneous deformation where the local deformation of the sample in the scattering region is greater than the macroscopic deformation.


With the development of distributed generation,the research of microgrid has become a hot topic in the field of energy and power,and the operation control of microgrid is one of the main technologies in the study and application of microgrid. This paper mainly introduces the microgrid research progress at home and abroad,and the control strategies and the research progress for its grid connection operation and islanding operation. Finally the future research focus is discussed for the safe operation of microgrid.


Knowing the average age at retirement for a given population provides important information for administering and analyzing public and private pension programs. A cohort method of measuring the elderlys average age at exit from the labor force for specified periods has been used for the average age at exit from the labor force gives reasonable insight into the age at which older workers retire. Trends are compared in the average age at exit from the labor force in the US Germany Japan and Sweden. In an attempt to understand the potential impact of some salient demographic factors upon the future financial status of the countries public pension systems projections to the year 2030 are presented of the dependency burden and the balance between pension revenues and expenditures. The US Germany Japan and Sweden have all experienced a decline in the average age at which their workers retire and an increase in the duration of treatment. The analysis concludes with a brief description of some ways in which the governments of these four countries are dealing with the past and anticipated increases in the dependency burden caused in part by declines in the age at which people leave the labor force.


Therapeutic progress in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been frustratingly slow over the last four decades. The 5-year overall survival (OS) of AML patients younger than 60 years improved from around 20% in the 1980s to 45% in the first decade of the new millenium. Long-term survival of AML patients is extremely poor. Only 17% of AML patients younger than 60 years and just 2.4% of AML patients older than 60 who had been treated with chemotherapy only are disease free 10 years after diagnosis. However, there has been one exception. Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML), a subgroup of AML, has seen an improvement in 5-year OS from around 30% in 1989 to more than 95% in 2016. Remarkably, these survival figures were achieved using a chemotherapy-free regimen. It is obvious that our ability to cure APML is based on an in depth understanding of the genetics and biology of APML. Unfortunately, we have come to realize in the last decade that AML is not a single disease entity but a genetically extremely diverse group of malignant diseases affecting the hematopoietic stem cell. In one landmark genomic study of 200 AML samples, 237 genes were found to be mutated in more than one sample. In this special, themed issue, we have attempted to shed light on several aspects of AML and look at this disease from several different angles. These include a look at clonal hematopoiesis and preleukemia by Hartmann and Metzeler, a review about clonal evolution by Vosberg and Greif, and an overview of leukemia stem cells and the cell of origin of leukemia by Chopra and Bohlander. Thoms, Beck, and Pimanda elegantly summarize our knowledge about disturbed transcription factor networks in AML. It is an exciting time in AML treatment and research. Recently, after decades of "playing" around by combining and varying the dosing of unspecific cytotoxic drugs, we have seen the arrival of a plethora of new drugs for AML treatment. Barbosa, Li, Adams, and Deshpande take a look at the disturbances of the TP53 pathway, and Taylor and Lee describe the perturbances of splicing regulation. Both reviews discuss how the changes in the TP53 and the splicing pathways can be leveraged to develop novel treatments. Lastly, a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of new drugs that have recently become available for AML treatment and of new AML treatment strategies is presented by Tiong and Wei. Of course, the topics covered here are far from exhaustive, as can be expected in a fast moving research field. Important areas, like the role of the bone marrow microenvironment or the current status of immunotherapy in AML is not covered. Nevertheless, we hope that you will enjoy reading this collection of review articles and that it will inspire you to develop new ideas and concepts that will promote our understanding of AML biology and eventually lead to a cure for this disease. We especially want to thank all the authors and reviewers for their efforts to write and review these articles and for sharing their valuable insights and expertise.


on opening the bladder to deviate the urine prior to an operation for hypospadias. There were 4 cases in wlhich litliolapaxy failed. In one of these the stone was composed of fibrin covered by a thin layer of phosphates; in another the patient was suffering from adlvanced tabes, and, although the stonie was easily crushed, the fragments could not be evacuated. The bladder was opencd, anid it was found that they had slipped through the relaxed sphincter vesicae into the posterior urethra. In the remaining 2 cases the cause of the failure was not mentioned. In 31 cases no definite reason was given in the niotes why lithotomy was performed instead of litholapaxy, but in all these cases foul cystitis was present, and it is probable that the bladder was opened in order to relieve the infection. The one case of perineal lithotomy was of interest. The patient had stones in both kidneys, in the right ureter, in the bladder, and in the urethra. As the urethral calculi could not be displaced back into tlle bladder, cxternal urethrotomy was performed, and the bladder stones were removed at the same time tlirough the urethral incision. From these figures it will be seen that litholapaxy is still considered the operation of choice for uncomplicated vesical calculus, and that the surgical staff of the hospital onlv resort to lithotomy when there is a definite contraindication to the crushing operation. In one sense only has the operation declined. Before the introduction of prostatectomy, litholapaxy was considered to be the correct treatment of stone complicating prostatic obstruction. The results in these cases were very bad, as it was practically impossible to exvacuate fragments which had fallen inito the postprostatic pouch, and recurrence was the rule and not the exception. No recurr ence due to imperfect evacuation of the fragments has been noted in the present series of 226 operations, and the mortality is only 2.2 per cent., so that the end-results are eminently satisfactory.-We are, etc., J. SWIFT JOLY.


Crystallization is an ancient method of purification based on a phenomenon that excludes rather than includes. Thus, the synthesis of multi-component crystals is a challenging task and their isolation is often unpredictable. Obtaining a multi-component crystal means that one is able to calibrate and assess intermolecular interactions rather carefully. The scope of crystal engineering is now well explored towards the designing of crystalline binary cocrystals. However, increasing the number of components in a cocrystal is a crystal engineering equivalent of synthetic complexity. Cocrystallization of a mixture of four compounds could, in principle, give not only binaries but also a number of ternaries. Ultimately, it would appear that the level and degree of control to design a quaternary cocrystal is formidable. This presentation will highlight the fact that through crystal engineering principles, we can design the four-and even higher-component molecular crystals. A concise synthetic strategy has been applied to increase the number of components in a crystal from one to two, to three, to four and eventually to five. Ten stoichiometric quaternary cocrystals and also one quintinary cocrystal having partial evidence of solid solution are designed. The strategy is based on the exploitation of the different environments of any particular component in a cocrystal.


ARTICLE INFORMATION ABSTRACT Original Research Paper Received 12 November 2015 Accepted 23 January 2016 Available Online 15 February 2016 Continuum and flexible manipulators have a special role in medical applications. One application is robotic manipulators used for surgery or endoscopic tool used for inspection of body parts like esophagus or colon. In addition to small size, better maneuverability increases the tool performance in real applications. One of the useful actuators in miniaturizing mechatronic systems is shape memory alloys. This material, typically used as a linear actuator, produces high forces in comparison to weight. In this paper, by embedding three shape memory springs inside the structure of a flexible module, a two-DOF mechanism is provided. The module has rigorous usage in modular robotic systems, especially flexible manipulators. The developed module produces large deflection in addition to covering a large workspace. Modeling of the module is discussed in this paper for extracting module parameters in design and implementing the simulation. Through the complex behavior of SMA and uncertainty in model, control of SMA is a challenge. In this paper using a novel algorithm, a desired shape for the module is provided. Using the new non model based control approach, the final shape or position is realized. The adequacy of introduced controller is verified through experiments. Large workspace and controllability of module make it feasible for real applications.


It has been shown previously that robust stability in model-reference adaptive control (MRAC) is guaranteed by simply using a static, instead of a dynamic, normalizing signal together with a parameter projection in the adaptive law. It is shown here that the stability proof associated with such modification follows directly from the proof of schemes with dynamic normalization. Consequently, the proofs and stability arguments can be simplified considerably. >


This research was conducted at Kelurahan Tuah Karya, Kecamatan Tampan, Pekanbaru. The purpose of this study was to determine the challenge of Exclusive breastfeeding on working women and their drivers and inhibitors. The focus of this research was the Exclusive breastfeeding method in Kelurahan Tuah Karya, Kecamatan Tampan, Pekanbaru. The technique of determining samples in a purposive sampling and set the number of samples as many as 8 people. The author uses qualitative descriptive method and Instrument data was observation, interview and documentation.
Research conducted, the authors found that in giving Exclusive breastfeeding to women workers is in three ways: home to brestfeed her baby, milking the workplace and bring the baby to work. The driving factor in exclusive breastfeeding was due to several reasons that female workers have found that: it contains many benefits, hygienic, practical and economical. From this study, although working women always have excuses to exclusively breastfeed their children but they alsoface some obstalcles such as: lack of breastfeeding facilities at work, limited time and physical. Physical factors referred to in this study was the lack of milk production, the pain experienced by the mother. While the time is limited are those who have heavy duty work place so that their task to breastfeed the baby was sometimes become obstructed.
Keywords: Exclusive Breastfeeding, Woman Workers, Factor


invite those who disagree with their findings to dialogue. This gracious invitation I have gladly accepted. In the quest for truth a frank exchange of thoughts is very important. If others have discovered new light on the role of women in the church, we certainly should be willing to accept it. Women in Ministry is divided into four parts. The first part is entitled "Ministry in the Bible." It "explores the theological meaning of the different forms of priesthood and ministry among God's people throughout the Bible." In this section the authors set forth their understanding of the biblical basis for ordaining women as ministers, making it one of the most significant parts of the book. It deserves careful consideration. In this chapter and the three that follow, I will evaluate the four chapters of "Ministry in the Bible" in the light of the inspired writings and the time-honored principles of Bible interpretation used by Seventh-day Adventists. The following questions will receive careful consideration: Is each author's conclusion in favor of women's ordination based solely on the Bible (Sola Scriptura)—the vital principle at the foundation of the Protestant Reformation and the Advent movement? Does the author in Women in Ministry follow that book's own stated principle that "the whole of the Bible message must be taken into account" in interpreting the Scriptures? Does the author avoid using some of the methods employed by higher The Priesthood of All Believers


Before launching yourself into the cut and thrust of management consultancy, there are two important areas you need to explore.


We describe myro.chuck, a Python module for controlling music synthesis, and its applications to teaching introductory computer science. The module was built within the Myro framework using the ChucK programming language, and was used in an introductory computer science course combining robots, graphics and music. The results supported the value of music in engaging students and broadening their view of computer science.


The Coalition government decided to abolish the Qualifications and Curriculum Development Agency (QCDA), the General Teaching Council for England (GTCE), the School Support Staff Negotiating Body (SSSNB), the British Educational Communications and Technology Agency (Becta), the Teachers TV Board of Governors, and the Teenage Pregnancy Independent Advisory Group (TPIAG). In addition, two other bodies that had been under review the Training and Development Agency for Schools (TDA) and the Young People's Learning Agency (YPLA) will also be replaced. QCDA, GTCE and SSSNB, TDA and YPLA are statutory bodies.


1567 Background: The prognosis of recurrent brain metastasis (BM) is poor. We designed a Phase I trial combining temozolomide (TMZ), an agent with efficacy in BM, with vinorelbine, a lipophilic agent with activity against a variety of solid tumors, to establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of vinorelbine for this combination. Methods: Patients with solid tumors and recurrent or progressive BM were eligible. Chemotherapy consisted of 28 day cycles with TMZ (150 mg/m2 on days 1 to 7 and 15 to 21) and vinorelbine (days 1 and 8 at escalating doses). The starting dose was 15 mg/m2, with increments of 5 mg/m2 for each cohort of 3 patients, until MTD was reached. Results: 14 pts enrolled (5 men); median age was 59 (41–76) years; median KPS was 80 (70–100). Seven pts had non-small cell lung CA, 3 small-cell lung cancer, 3 breast and 1 renal cell. Vinorelbine dose/m2 was 15mg in 7, 20mg in 4 and 25mg in 3. Six patients were taken off study for disease progression, 3 for toxicity, 3 for withdrawal of consent, 1...


This chapter deals with policy adoption and implementation, the final stage of the causal mechanism underlying social learning. In order to be successful, its insights need to be consolidated through political reforms. This increases trust in the newly found consensus because it adds a formalized component to it. At this stage, the insights of social learning interact more directly with the formal institutions in place, shaping the concrete policy output. Depending on how successful this final step is, the insights of social learning can be more or less consequential in shaping future financial developments. While the success of the French initiatives ended with the limits of state influence and the voluntary self-interested cooperation by market actors, the coalition in Germany profited from the institutional dispositions in place and even found EU-wide support as the measures fell under European legal competence.


Linguatula serrata is a zoonotic parasite causing visceral and nasopharyngeal linguatulosis in humans. Dog and other canines are the main definitive hosts while most of herbivores, including ruminants serve as intermediate hosts for linguatulosis. The current abattoir survey aimed to assess some morphological characterizations of different stages (egg, nymphs, male and female adults) of L. serrata . Upper respiratory tract of stray dogs and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) of domestic ruminants (goats, buffaloes, cattle and sheep) were examined for the presence of L. serrata. Eggs, adults and nymphal stages of L. serrata were analyzed for morphometric traits. No significant differences were observed in the size of various parts of nymphs collected from different hosts. Larger body size and absent of spines in adult forms were the major different in compared to the nymphs. Eggs were ovoid shape with semi-thickness shell. Probably, semi-thickness shell in eggs protected them from environmental condition and help to transmission of infections to intermediate hosts.


In the following report a new methodology is presented to model the propagation, wave breaking and run-up of waves in coastal zones. We represent the different coastal phenomena through the coupling of non-linear shallow water equations with the extended Boussinesq equations of Madsen and Sorensen. Each of the involved equations has a major role in describing a particular physical behaviour of the wave: the latter equations permit to model the propagation, while the non-linear shallow water ones lead waves to locally converge into discontinuities. We start from the third-order stabilized finite element scheme for the Boussinesq equations, developed in a previous scientific work (Ricchiuto and Filippini, J.Comput.Phys. 2014) and develop a non-linear variant, and detach the dispersive from the shallow water terms. A shock-capturing technique based on local non-linear mass lumping that permits in the shallow water regions to degrade locally the scheme to a first-order one across bores (shocks) and dry fronts is proposed. As for the detection of the breaking fronts, the shallow water areas, this involves physics based breaking criteria. We present different definitions of the breaking criterion, including a local implementation of the convective criterion of (Bjorkavag and H. Kalisch, Phys.Letters A 2011), and the hybrid models of (Kazolea et. al, J.Comput.Phys. 2014), and (Tonelli and Petti, J.Hydr.Res. 2011). The behavior of different breaking criteria is investigated on several cases for which experimental data are available.


In this thesis, we address new reduced basis approaches for parametrized variational inequalities and parametrized linear-quadratic optimal control problems with constraints on both the control and the state. These problems are challenging because of their nonlinear nature and, after a discretization, usually large number of degrees of freedom. We address the latter difficulty by reducing the complexity of solving such problems by applying the reduced basis method, resulting in very small approximate problems. These small problem cannot only be inexpensively solved but also provide inexpensive error estimators/bounds that allow us to directly control the approximation error. Many models in computation engineering science require numerous evaluations of inputoutput systems that are described by parameter-dependent partial differential equations. Inputs might determine system properties, e.g., the conductivity coefficients, whereas the system's outputs are then, e.g., the heat distribution. Evaluating these input-output relationships usually requires expensive and iterative computations, which makes the need for rapid and yet reliable reduction methods apparent. The main goal of the reduced basis approach is to evaluate this relationship with the following key features: (i) model reduction of the problem through a projection onto a predetermined low-dimensional space, (ii) error estimator/bound derivation for the approximation error, and (iii) efficient decoupling of expensive precomputations and cheap evaluations in the low-dimensional space. We apply this reduced basis methodology to variational inequalities and optimal control problems in three major parts. In the first part we start with recent insights into the reduction of variational inequalities. Then we propose a regularization approach, which allows the computation of an online-efficient approximation, i.e., solving the reduced model is independent of the original large problem dimension. In addition, we introduce an online-efficient error estimator, which for all numerical examples considered is very close to the approximation error. In the second and third part we focus on optimal control problems, where up to now only few online-efficient reductions for controland state-constrained problems have been proposed. In the second part we concentrate on purely control-constrained problems and introduce two efficient model reduction approaches. The first approach leads to an approximation that is not necessarily feasible with respect to the constraints and therefore results in a control error bound, which depends on the large problem dimension. The second approach leads to an approximation that is partially feasible with respect to the constraints and therefore results in an online-efficient error bound, which depends on the reduced dimension only. In the third part we consider controland state-constrained problems, which directly necessitates continuous states to derive optimality conditions. On the one hand, we circumvent this additional challenge using a well-known regularization technique, virtual control approach, to derive an efficient reduction. By this approach we are able to extend the previously proposed error bound ideas to derive error bounds that are dependent on the large problem dimension, yet still need a fraction of the time compared with solving the original problem. On the other hand we employ a direct discretization approach to derive a different efficient reduction. In this way we are able to derive two estimators and one bound for the control error, which are again dependent on the large problem dimension. For the error bound we employ a feasible control approximation and a problem relaxation, which depends on the violation of the state approximation. The successful application of our reduction approaches and error estimators/bounds is shown in numerical examples for different parameter-dependent obstacle problems, heat phenomena, and convection-conduction problems.