Maritime transport worldwide had always been and still remains to be a very important catalyst for the economic development. It is the backbone of international trade and key engine driving globalization. Around 80% of global trade by volume and over 70% by value is carried by sea and is handled by ports worldwide; these shares are even higher in the case of most developing countries. 547 In Adriatic and Ionian countries, maritime transport is playing an important role due to the geographical position, and has been a key factor for the development of trade and the maintenance of contacts between them and the rest of the world. Currently maritime transport has become an efficient way to attract various visiting tourists, and therefore, plays an important role in the development of tourism in Mediterranean. Recently, EU and many International and National Organizations are paying a special attention for the development and modernization of maritime transport, in order to play a more effective role in the framework of the sustainable development of transport, tourism and the economy in general. This paper will present an expanded view of the improvement of the legal framework and maritime infrastructure, aspects that directly affect the development of tourism. For this purpose, in this paper we will pose the progress of recent years in maritime transport and the legacy of the past with particular focus on its recent modernization.


The present study deals with single crystal structure investigations of Mg 0. 4Al2. 4O4 and ZnCr2S4 by means of X ray scattering. The compressibility of the oxide substance is very small, whereas the structural changes are surprisingly high. In contrast, the compressibility of the thiospinel is 3 times higher, but the structural changes are very small. The transition to a non-detectable high pressure phase of Mg0. 4Al2. 4O4 turns out to be reversible considering the existence of a spinel single crystal, but not reversible concerning the values of the lattice constant and the positional parameter of the oxygen anion. This can be explained by pressure induced disordering of the cations, which is preserved on abrupt pressure decrease.


This research had as an objective to look for evidence on the relations between education and ascendant social mobility in the Federal Commission of Electricity. The subjects of the study were a group of 83 retirees of this company who live in the metropolitan area of Tampico-Madero-Altamira. After a review of the theories that focus this theme, a cross, ex post facto method was designed, to ask them for information about two moments of their working life in the company. The analysis allowed for finding evidence about intra-generational labor mobility, but not for inter-generational mobility. On these results there were no differences on social mobility between men and women. The separation of job positions administered by the company and job positions administered by the union, allowed to observe that this intermediation imposes limits to social mobility of employees, which is an aspect that brings discussion on the limits of interpretations of Human Capital theory that do not take into account external variables to the education of individuals.


Introduction: It is widely believed that, if women want to have healthy pregnancies and infants they must use the prenatal care that is essential. This study investigated the obstacles to prenatal care in women referring to maternity hospitals in Kerman. Methods: This study is a descriptive study, which was carried out to study the view of 400 pregnant women toward obstacles to prenatal care. In this study a predesigned questionnaire was used for data collection and descriptive statistics, ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis tests were used for data analysis. In this study obstacles were divided into three subscales of system barriers, provider barrier and patient's barriers. Results: This study showed that, in system barriers the highest percent (58.7) belongs to the lack of transportation and other barriers were inappropriate place for providing prenatal care (4.31) and long time waiting for receiving care (9.30). In provider barriers the highest percent (2.7) belongs to in adequate reach and follow up. The result also shows that in patient barrier the highest percent (35.1) belongs to unwanted pregnancy. The result related to comparison barriers with some demographic variables showed some significant differences. Conclusion: Because prenatal care prevents problems during pregnancy and delivery so we have to reduce the obstacles that result from this study.


In this study, Activated carbons were produced from acorn inner bark by chemical activation with zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ) at 650 and 750 °C in N 2 atmosphere. In order to activate the acorn shell, chemical activation was adopted and zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ) retained as dehydrating agent. For this purpose, 20 g of raw material were mixed with a certain volume of ZnCl2 solution (50 % in weight) for 24 hours with occasional stirring. The amount of zinc chloride solution used was adjusted to give a certain impregnation ratio (weight of activating agent/weight of raw material) of 2/1. The mixture was then heated at 105 ◦C (±5 °C) in an oven until complete evaporation. Adsorption capacity was demonstrated with BET. BET surface area of the best produced activated carbon was 577 m 2 /g. The surface chemical characteristics of activated carbon were determined by FTIR spectroscopic method. The microstructure of the produced activated carbons was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).


Instructional Technology at Rowan University strives to empower faculty by making classroom technology readily available and easy to use. Until recently, using technology in one of our 80 Technology Enhanced Classrooms (TEC) was typically a frustrating experience for faculty. The controls for projectors, computers, VCRs, CD players, DVD players, and other technologies were often complicated and varied from classroom to classroom. Extensive TEC training was often required but difficult to generalize. Typically, the result was support and maintenance nightmares. In 2005, it became essential to create a new model of classroom technology.In the wake of the mentioned issues, Rowan University developed a "simple" TEC model that improves access to equipment and streamlines the use of technology in the classroom. This new model meets the following goals: (1) to provide fast, seamless access to classroom technology for the faculty by standardizing technology and function of all TEC classrooms, (2) to minimize the need for training and on-site user support, and (3) to create an inexpensive and low maintenance environment to minimize costs, service, and repairs. Rowan is currently implementing this new model in phases; the first of which involves the implementation of standardized technology choices and its benefits such as cost, support, and maintenance reduction.This paper will discuss the approach and implementation of phase one of the new, "simple" Rowan University TEC model as well as insight into future plans for the model.


We propose a method to image cutaneous lymphatic vessels in vivo with optical coherence tomography (OCT). Our method segments the transparent lymphatic vessels by thresholding the OCT signal after calibration for systematic variations due to the confocal effect and the sensitivity drop-off, and subsequent compensation for light attenuation with depth. We describe the method and present a pilot demonstration on two human burn scar patients undergoing ablative laser fractionation treatment. The results show visualization of the lymphatic vessels (diameter: ∼30–150 μm) separate from the blood microvasculature network.


Constructive-deductive method for plane Euclidean geometry is proposed and formalized within Coq Proof Assistant. This method includes both postulates that describe elementary constructions by idealized geometric tools (pencil, straightedge and compass), and axioms that describes properties of basic geometric figures (points, lines, circles and triangles). The proposed system of postulates and axioms can be considered as a constructive version of the Hilbert's formalization of plane Euclidean geometry.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to show the relationship between lesson study (LS) and the reconstruction of teacher dispositions (practical knowledge).

Design/methodology/approach

This work consists of an exhaustive qualitative study, analysis and interpretation of the practical knowledge of an infant school teacher before and after her participation in a training process based on LS.

Findings

This work offers a response to this resistance to change and to progress in education. It demonstrates the potentiality of LS for the transformation of schools in the twenty-first century and the construction of a reflected, shared, emerging pedagogical capital for teachers.

Originality/value

The analysis focusses on practical knowledge (knowledge-in-action, (Schon, 1998); implicit theories (Pozo, 2006; Marrero, 2009); phronesis (Kinsella and Pitman, 2012); tacit knowledge (Contreras and Perez de Lara, 2010)) because in accordance with the latest theories deriving from cognitive neuroscience, most of the resources the authors use in their action come from unconscious mechanisms. Hence, the procedures and mechanisms of qualitative research have been used to carry out in-depth analysis through prolonged daily observation of practice under a series of previously established dimensions (knowledge, skills, attitudes, values and emotions).


Despite the extensive research and development work done in the field of high strength thin sheet multiphase steel grades, in the past, there are still two main challenges to be tackled, particularly for steel grades with tensile strength levels above 780 MPa. First a challenging optimisation and improvement of the overall processing in the steel plant is still necessary. This includes modified and improved layouts of processing lines. Further, due to the limited application and lacking feedback an overall customer oriented development and optimization is still necessary. Therefore, in a first step, this work reports on the alloy concepts and phase transformations in the annealing lines required for the adjustment of the microstructure of DP and TRIP grades. Then, the most critical processing steps are mentioned and in particular the demanded processing parameters in the annealing lines and the resulting layouts are highlighted. In a further part, three selected items of a costumer oriented development and optimisation of DP and TRIP steel grades are discussed. These include the improvement of the flange‐ability and bendability and efforts oriented towards the reduction of the banded structure in DP and TRIP steel grades. Finally, the improvement of the fracture appearance of spot welded joints of TRIP steels is highlighted and alloy concepts with a balance between weldability and formability are introduced.


The present disclosure describes an electrically conductive fastener assembly, system and method, wherein the assembly includes a fastener having a nut (150) formed therein countersink (155). Counterbore formed sufficient to hold between the nut and the fastener sleeve (130) overhangs the gap. A nut having a countersink electrically conductive fastening system is improved so as to reduce or eliminate the need for a solid copper mesh of the cap-shaped sealing member.


There are proposed a method and an apparatus for producing a to be used in particular as a body panel part for automobiles molded part (1). The produced mold part (1) has a group consisting of plastic material, planar extension having carrier (2) having a coated with a covering support portion (4) and around the supporting section (4) around extending covering the free outer portion (5). The method and apparatus are designed so that it places a exhibiting compared to the desired lining larger base lining output member (36) in the mold chamber of a mold. In this molding chamber is then provides by injection molding both the supporting portion (4) and the outer portion (5) of the carrier (2) here, wherein one anformt the same time the plastic material in such a way to the coating-output portion (36) that the edge region (45) distributed through or over the circumference points between the plastic material of the support section (4) and the plastic material of the outer portion (5) is firmly embedded.


Most researches have proved that cooperative learning is an effective teaching strategy.In order to raise the effect further,schools,teachers and students must be prepared for cooperative learning adequately.Teachers need to use effective strategies to teach and supervise students in classes, give timely appraisements and encouragements to students and make reflections on cooperative learn- ing.In order to popularize and apply cooperative learning on a large scale,on the one hand,we must optimize the mechanism and simplify the methods and procedures of cooperative learning;on the other hand,we should create the condition and atmosphere for the operation of cooperative learning and advance it step by step.


The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol is designed to reduce global CO2 emissions while transferring technology and investment to developing countries. Little evaluation has been conducted, however, regarding the efficiency of outcomes and co-benefits or the social costs generated by carbon-mitigation projects. This article presents a comparative case study of two carbon-offset projects funded by fossil-fuel based power generation companies in the United States: the first forestry project funded explicitly to offset greenhouse gas emissions, in Guatemala, and the first rural solar electrification–carbon offset finance agreement, in Sri Lanka. We demonstrate that achieving offset targets and development-related benefits from CDM projects cannot be assumed, and that social equity can be negatively impacted by CDM-type projects. As such, future offset agreements and post-Kyoto climate negotiations would benefit from closer attention to issues of context, transparency, and social equity in order to minimize the social costs of carbon emissions trading.


Excerpt A palpable spleen has long been accepted as an expected finding in the physical examination of a patient suffering from pernicious anemia. Although Sturgis11reported the spleen to be rarely...


The essays and fiction of prominent writer and editor, Yi T'aejun, perform a Romantic reworking of the Confucian figure of the solitary scholar- gentleman into that of the lonely artist, supposedly isolated from the realms of politics and commercial business and developing his sensibility in the privacy of his own home. As in all forms of Romanticism, however, this textual subjectivity figures rather a relationship or accomodation to a transforming society. My interest here lies in elaborating some of the terms of that accommodation, which I call Yi's private Orient: in a colonized society undergoing assimilation into a wartime Japanese empire, what might it mean to construct a notion of selfhood in a cultural notion of a Pan-Asian past? Through an examination of the chronotope of the Orient produced in Yi's essay collection Mus?rok and his short story S?gyang, this paper considers the question of subjectivity in the late colonial period.


A high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) method was developed for determination of roxarsone levels in feces of swine.The limit of detection and limit of quantitation of roxarsone in feces of swine were 0.05 mg/kg and 0.1 mg/kg,respectively.The mean recoveries of roxarsone ranged from 82.09%-84.03%.Coefficients of variation ranged from 2.92%-5.45%.Twenty-four healthy changmei crossbreed pigs were randomly divided into 4 groups and were fed with feed containing roxarsone(0,25,50 and 100 mg/kg).Then,the feces were collected and analysed by HPLC at 0 to 120 h after administered.The excreted amount of roxarsone reached a peak at 36-48 h after feeding,with a peak concentrarion of 12.31,22.52 and 34.78 mg/kg,respectively.Then,the amount of roxarsone in the feces reduced gradually,and roxarsone was undetectable in swine feces within 72,108 and 132 h after feeding,respectively.In 150 samples of swine feces collected from fifteen swine farms in Shandong and Jiangsu province,the average concentration of roxarsone in pig feces was 23.13 mg/kg.


JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins are primary transcriptional repressors in the jasmonate (JA) signaling pathway that regulate a broad range of JA-dependent responses. A mechanistic mode of action is well established, but what are the biological roles of individual JAZs, and how do they contribute to the specification of JA signaling outputs? Two recent articles in Journal of Experimental Botany reveal roles of JAZ7 in regulating dark-induced senescence and susceptibility to fungal pathogens.

Jasmonates (JAs) regulate a broad range of processes, from growth and development to biotic and abiotic stress responses. JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins are key regulators in controlling JA signaling outputs. Since the discovery of JAZs in 2007, over 100 research articles have been published on the characterization of JAZ functions, genomic or transcriptomic analyses of JAZs, or the identification of down-stream transcription factors in the JA signaling pathway through yeast two-hybrid screens using JAZs as bait (reviewed in Pauwels and Goossens, 2011; Shyu and Brutnell, 2015). Biochemical and molecular functions of JAZ proteins have been extensively studied, but surprisingly little is known about the biological role of JAZs and how they contribute to specific JA signaling outputs.


Green technology is potentially important concept which plays a role to achieve the global sustainable development. Today the world needs a new serious innovation, which would lead for a better environment. The basic objective of the study is to realize the requirement of innovative green products for today's global market and also try to identify the negative impact of non-green products. For the purpose of the study, a particular city (Coimbatore city –Tamil Nadu State) has been selected, collected required data from various available resources, analysed with suitable statistical methods and identified facts. The study reveals that the so called green products or organic products has more positive impact to the mankind's and helps to eradicate certain issues pertaining to green technology. It helps for the sustainable development. The study also throws a light on future research opportunities.


When contemplating planning and governance of human development it is perhaps typical to focus attention on the land. However, as this volume demonstrates it is also important to remember that the sea covers more than two thirds of our planet's surface and provides a wide range of essential goods and services upon which humans, and ultimately all life on Earth, depend. Indeed, land-sea interactions (LSI) have been significant in shaping patterns of human activity on both land and sea since ancient times. For example, humans have always looked to the sea for food, transport and trade, waste disposal and cultural and spiritual fulfilment, and coastal areas have been favoured places for human settlement. Today 16 of the world's 23 mega cities (with populations exceeding 10 million) are in coastal locations1 and with the prospect of the global population rising from 7.6 billion in 2017 to over 11 billion by 21002 ongoing urbanisation of coastal areas can be anticipated. Beyond general trends of globalisation and the importance of international connectivity, one of the factors driving contemporary coastal and marine development is that the sea is increasingly being seen as a source of new 'Blue Growth' opportunities. Established maritime sectors, such as shipping and offshore oil and gas production, are now frequently accompanied by a range of other offshore uses, such as aquaculture and wind power developments. Technological advances are also opening new business possibilities in sectors such as blue biotechnology, ocean renewable energy and marine mineral extraction3. Alongside these very tangible human interactions with the marine environment, modern science is revealing the reality of less tangible, but in many ways more profound


Real world aircraft engine (gas turbine) data are contaminated with substantial noise and outliers. The rank permutation transformation (RPT), founded in some early ideas in statistics, is proposed as a way to both diminish the effect of noise and outliers, and to facilitate classification by making statistically unlikely events more pronounced. The RPT is also found to improve the performance of neural networks used for fault detection and classification considerably. Results from both real engine monitoring data for abnormal condition detection and high-fidelity simulation data for on-wing fault detection and diagnosis are presented.


PURPOSE: To reduce the danger of an accumulated material and obtain a higher apparent specific gravity when used for olefin polymerization and make it possible to correctly adjust the molecular weight distribution of the obtained (co)polymer. CONSTITUTION: This catalyst system contains (a) at least one ionic metallocene derived from a transition metal, (b) at least one catalytic solid containing at least one group IVB element, magnesium and a halogen, and (c) an aluminum derivative of the formula: AlX n T 3-n (wherein X is halogeno; T is a hydrocarbon group optionally containing an oxygen atom; and n is 0 to 3). COPYRIGHT: (C)1995,JPO


Based on practical condition of sport exercise in university, the author establishes the theoretical sport exercise tendency model for university students. A questionnaire is then developed based on five decisive factor and sports exercise tendency model. According to the result of investigating on 828 undergraduates, the author set up the sport exercise tendency model for undergraduates. The result shows that sport enjoyment, selection and personal investment have positive responses to the undergraduates sport exercise tendency, while social constraint has negative responses, intercommunication have little effect on it. The sport exercise tendency of undergraduates can be well evaluated by the model.


As we all know, remote sensing (RS) images contain multiscale and numerous RS objects, along with massive and complex spatial topological relationships, such as the adjacency, proximity relationships of same-scale objects, and inclusion relationships of cross-scale objects. However, the existing semantic segmentation methods have never explored the cross-scale relationships, which are especially important when it comes to the situation that the RS objects cannot be accurately identified, they could be supplemented by the surrounding contents. To address the above concern, we propose a scale–relation joint decoupling network (SRJDN) for the semantic segmentation of RS images by simultaneously considering decoupling scales and decoupling relationships to excavate more complete relationships of multiscale RS objects. The SRJDN is performed by following three steps, namely, scale decoupling (SD), relation decoupling (RD), and fine-granularity guided fusion (FGF). The SD module uses dilated convolution with different rates to decouple RS objects into different scale feature groups, from small to large scales. Afterward, the RD considers all the spatial topological relationships and decouples these relationships according to the scale, which is divided into two parts, including same-scale relation extraction (SSRE) and cross-scale relation extraction (CSRE). The SSRE establishes the graph structures at each scale independently to mine the relationships of same-scale RS objects and the CSRE constructs the graph in a unified pattern between cross-scales to explore cross-scale target relationships. Third, the FGF module regards small-scale features as fine-granularity representation and applies its attention map to guide the learning of other scale features, which could mine more reliable and comprehensive saliency information and improve the feature consistency. Numerical experiments conducted on two large-scale fine-resolution RS image datasets empirically demonstrate the robustness of the proposed joint decoupling strategy and the effectiveness of FGF in RS image semantic segmentation tasks.


Successful management of young, fire-prone Calabrian pine forests requires an accurate characterization of surface and canopy fuel loads at stand level. This study characterizes the surface and canopy fuel characteristics in unthinned Calabrian pine plantations in Turkey. Fifteen sample plots were measured to determine the surface and crown fuel characteristics of very young, young and middle aged Calabrian pine stands (10 to 28 years old). Thirty-six trees were destructively sampled to quantify the crown fuel loads and canopy fuel characteristics of the stands. Surface fuel load ranged from 11.38 t ha -1 in the young stands to 35.27 t ha -1 in the middle aged stands. Dead fuel load as ladder fuels on the trees ranged from 0.77 kg in very young stands to 13.56 kg in the young stands. Live fuel loads on the trees ranged from 0.77 kg to 23.29 kg in the young aged stands. Total active crown fuel load was 58.7%, 52.1% and 49.5% of total crown fuel load in very young, young and middle aged stands, respec-tively. Our results improve the current crown fuel model predictions and showed the importance of dead fuel load in fire management studies both for the determination of crown fuel loads and the calculation of carbon stocks.


Virtual reality technologies are promising to effectively enhance our daily experiences. Enhancing learning experiences with virtual reality technologies is one of important directions to make the technologies change our daily lifestyle, because students in classes need not gather together in the same location. However, virtual reality technologies offer plausible feeling to them residing in the same location. Students can attend their classes anytime anywhere from their mobile virtual reality (VR) devices, but they feel to take a class in the same class room. Moreover, virtual reality technologies can provide additional effects that cannot be realized in traditional real-world class rooms. The paper proposes VR Classroom that offers a virtual space where students and a teacher virtually reside in the same location. VR Classroom also provides several features to motivate students through fictionality realized by virtual reality technologies. After describing an overview of VR Classroom, we show its prototype implementation and user study.


In a paper "On the Mechanical Conditions of the Respiratory Movements," read before the Royal Society in November 1872, the author endeavoured to show that there is a distinct difference in the chord lengths of a sternal rib in the two positions of full inspiration and forced expiration, and that a certain degree of bending of the ribs usually takes place in forced breathing. The measurements on which these conclusions were based were made with a 3-plane stethometer, the performance of which was not sufficiently accurate to satisfy the author, who has accordingly repeated them by the aid of a new instrument, the construction and use of which are described at length in the present communication. The author considers that the new instrument gives fairly accurate results, which fully corroborate the conclusions previosly enunciated.


One of the most promising applications of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery is change detection. However, the success of change detection algorithms is highly dependent on the type of change being detected. With the advent of multi-channel SAR systems (multi-frequency and/or polarimetric) new algorithms to improve change detection are being developed to take advantage of the additional information. However, these algorithms are still hindered by the speckle phenomena of radar imaging. Adaptive neighborhood filtering techniques have been shown to be effective to reduce speckle, but the impact on change detection has not been explored. The research presented explores the impact of an adaptive filtering algorithm on the probability of detection for synthesized changes.


Powdery mildew caused by Phyllactinia corylea (Pers.) Karst, is an obligate parasitic disease of mulberry inflicting considerable qualitative as well as quantitative losses of leaf yield. Screening of 16 mulberry varieties against powdery mildew disease under field conditions yielded two resistant varieties with the lower powdery mildew disease severity of 2.5 and 5.42 per cent in a variety S-13 and in variety S-34 had 3 and 5.37 per cent after 55 and 70 days after planting respectively. The three varieties viz., Kanva-2 / M-5, Mysore local and S-1635 were moderately resistant with the less DS values of 11.43, 11.47 and 11.48 per cent respectively. In management studies, the plant extracts at all concentrations tested were effective in suppressing the disease and at higher concentration of 15%, Zinger officinale reduced the disease to 60.31 per cent and Lantana camara to 59.04 per cent disease over control and were considered as best for managing powdery mildew disease in mulberry. Among the culture filtrate of different bioagents tested, the Trichoderma harzianum reduced the disease to 51.56 per cent and Pseudomonas fluorescens to 51.09 per cent over control at 15% concentration and were shown to be potent in fading away the disease.


This application is for use as a medicament for treating cognitive impairment Down's syndrome patients, relates to compounds having the functional selectivity as inverse agonists for GABA Further, the present application for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of cognitive impairment Down's syndrome patients, relates to methods of using the compounds having the functional selectivity as inverse agonists for GABA Furthermore, the present application provides compounds having the functional selectivity as inverse agonists for GABA Further, the present application the administration of one or more compounds comprising a functional selectivity as inverse agonists for GABA Furthermore, the present application, memory retention disorders Down Syndrome, it relates to a method for the treatment of cognitive disorders such as learning disability or disorder of both.


An improved LC/MS/MS method was set up and validated for analyzing acrylamide (AA ) in foods including fried potato snack food, baked breakfast food, bread, coffee and tea drinks which are the most popular stimulant drinks in Taiwan. Two types of cartridge in tandem use, elution volume, and a long column (250 mm), were used to improve the separation of interferences and reduce detection limit. Reproducibility, repeatability, and recovery tests were conducted to assure the analytical method applicable in house validation testing. Participation in the FAPAS(superscript ®) inter-comparison study resulted in a satisfactory result. The limit of detection was 3 μg/kg; mean recoveries ranged from 95 to 113%; coefficients of variation ranged from 1.3 to 10.0% for repeatability test and 3.3 to 6.9% for reproducibility test. The good results showed the method has been successfully set up to serve as a routinely analytical method. We also found that brown sugar with high AA contents lead to high AA content in some foods including those not cooked at high temperature.


An electron acceptor, esp. for an org. solar cell, is a hexabenzocoronene compd., of structure I, in which: (1) R1, R3, R4, and R6 are selected from a carboxyl group -C(:O)-OH, -CN, -isocyano -(N+≡C-), -O(C≡N), and -CF3; and (2) R2 and R5 are of formula -Xn-ZP46, in which X is a spacer selected from -C(:O)-O- and -C(:O)-NH-, n = 0 or 1, and ZP46 is a polymer of structure II. The invention is applicable in particular in the field of org. photovoltaic cells.


Consideration is given to computer-based techniques for maintaining the internal consistency of documentation in the face of modifications. The author argues that the dependencies between parts of the documentation are an important aspect of the maintenance problem. Techniques for identifying and maintaining dependencies have been implemented in a prototype editor, called HyDIE. Within HyDIE, all documents are represented in terms of their logical structure. The notion of a logical document model underpins both the SGML and ODA document standards. To support an author in identifying dependent parts, HyDIE provides a hypertext linking facility comprising both explicit links and automatically generated links, which usually involve search of some kind. >


One-electron reduction of [Ru(eta(6)-arene)(kappa(3)-HCPz(3))](2+) complexes (arene = p-xylene, p-cymene, or hexamethylbenzene, Pz = pyrazolyl) was observed at approximately -1.4 V vs. ferrocene in nonaqueous media. Cyclic voltammetry data showed no direct evidence of a hapticity change for either the arene or the tris(pyrazolyl)methane (TPM) ligand in the electron-transfer step. The resulting 19-electron radicals underwent reactions at the arene, giving persistent cyclohexadienyl ruthenium complexes which could be oxidized back to the original complex in an overall chemically reversible process. The dominant reaction for the hexamethylbenzene-containing radical was shown to be an arene-based dimerization (k(dim) = 4 ( 3) x 10(3) M-1 s(-1)) which occurs in competition with an H-atom, capture, most likely from solvent. The behavior of the 19-electron radicals is similar to that of their all-carbocyclic mixed-sandwich analogues Ru(arene)(C5R5) [O.V. Gusev, M.A. Ievlev, T.A. Peganova, M.G. Peterleitner, P.V. Petrovskii, Y.F. Oprunenko, N.A. Ustynyuk, J. Organomet. Chem. 551 (1998) 93]. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


The problem of flow and heat transfer in a minispace on the background of the heat dissipation of micro-electronics apparatus is investigated by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with fluid-solid coupling technique. The velocity and temperature fields are simulated on the condition of several schemes, and the best scheme is obtained by comparing the temperature level of minispace in different schemes. The work is the base to investigate the cooling technique of microelectronic apparatus.


Gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) or gastric dilatation (GD), were diagnosed in 173 dogs during the period from 1997 to 2001. Risk factors possibly associated with higher mortality in cases of GDV were evaluated. Variables suitable for quantitative evaluation were examined by the Student's t- test with regard to the risk of death. We characterised groups of dogs with potential risk factors (age, body weight, time lapsed from the last feeding until presentation, time lapsed from the onset of clinical signs until presentation, time lapsed from the last feeding until the onset of clinical signs), and compared the groups with regard to the risk of death, using the χ 2 - test. There were no differences between the dying and surviving patients as to their age, body weight and time lapsed from the last feeding until the onset of clinical signs. The time lapsed from the onset of clinical signs until presentation at the clinic was a significant factor associated with a lower survival rate. Mortality in dogs with GDV was 26.3% (36/137). Significantly higher mortality (p < 0.01) was found in dogs with gastric necrosis. Gastric necrosis in dogs with GDV is responsible for a 6.5 times higher risk of death compared to patients without gastric necrosis. There was also higher mortality in dogs after splenectomy (p < 0.05). Results of our study suggest that the most important prognostic factor is a timely treatment following the onset of clinical signs of GDV. Dog, retrospective study, gastric necrosis, splenectomy, risk factors, feeding


1 M.E Student, Electronics and Communication Engineering, NITTTR, Chandigarh, India 2Assistant Professor, Electronics and Communication Engineering, NITTTR, Chandigarh, India ----------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract -The principle objective of wireless sensor network is not only to perform the operation of data communication but also to increase the network lifetime by retaining the energy of nodes for the longer period . To achieve this objective, in this paper, grid clusteringwhich is the simplest, feasible and efficient way of clustering is utilized for clustering the entire sensor network, after that closeness centrality is utilized for cluster head selection, which is based on the distance criteria, as energy consumption is directly proportion to square of distance, hence this centrality approach will select the cluster head at optimal location to minimize the energy utilization. For routing, BFO which is nature inspired algorithm is utilized, by considering energy and distance in its fitness function. Among all the optimization techniques, BFO is preferred as it can provide optimal solution for any multiobjective function. Simulation is done in MATLAB and it is observed that proposed algorithm outperforms the existing one in terms of retaining number of alive nodes for more number of rounds and maintaining the stability in the network for longer time.


Learning a language means acquiring a set of skills, namely, Reading, Listening, Speaking and Writing. However, as it is has been stated in GBPP Curriculum 1994, among those skills, reading is the most important skill that students should have. Reading is a method of increasing students' knowledge of the language. However, students who read in a foreign language seem to have some difficulties in comprehending a text. Such difficulties are often experienced by students when they are reading the text for the first time; they not only lack vocabulary and conceptual knowledge, but they also have difficulty in using language cues to get meaning.
Realizing the importance of reading, the writer therefore thinks that good techniques in reading are required by teachers and students. In this study, the writer suggests two techniques in prereading activities, namely, pictorial context + prequestioning and vocabulary preteaching, which are considered to be good ways of helping students to familiarize themselves with the content of the reading passage before the actual reading begins so that they can understand the reading passage better and faster. The writer compares these two techniques in prereading activities; pictorial context + prequestioning and vocabulary preteaching to find out which one of both techniques has better result or effect on the students' reading comprehension.
In conducting this experiment, the writer uses the second-year students of SMU DAPENA I Surabaya as the samples of her study. Based on the three reading passages during the treatments and one reading passage for the post test, the data show that there is no significant difference in students' reading comprehension achievement between the two classes. The results of the students who are taught using pictorial context + prequestioning are as good as those of the students who are taught using vocabulary preteaching.


The main purpose of this thesis is to investigate the effects of polarization on optical forces as well as to utilize such forces in the measurement of optical properties of micro-scale particles. Theoretical aspects of optical trapping are presented and the focusing action of high numerical aperture lenses is studied in detail. Simulations are performed that quantify the x, y and z focal polarization components of conventional Gaussian beams as well as 4 cylindrical vector beams, and the simulation results are used to explain experimental optical trapping behavior of the 5 beams. In addition, the custom built optical trapping microscope is used for quantitative phase imaging of 1 μm microspheres, and the results are presented as a first step toward the measurement of the optical properties of optically trapped particles.


In this work, we studied the effect of technological regimes and proton implantation on the processes of defect formation in single-crystal n-type silicon (n-Si) doped with platinum using the method of impedance spectroscopy. It has been established that radiation-induced changes in the electrical conductivity of silicon depend significantly on the technological regimes of doping with impurities in silicon. Hodographs show that doping with platinum leads to a decrease in the electrical resistance of silicon samples. Irradiation with 2 MeV protons at a dose of 5.1 × 1014 particles / cm2 leads to a significant (2-3 times) increase in the electrical resistance of the silicon samples under study. It is concluded that the relatively high resistance to radiation exposure (resistance change of no more than 16%: from 55 kΩ to 65 kΩ as a result of ion implantation) of samples doped at 1200°C is presumably due to a higher concentration of impurity ions (platinum) in the samples volume compared to 1100°C.


Toxics in the waste stream, such as heavy metals, chlorides, sulfur, nitrogen, and fluorine-bearing compounds-often called pollutant precursors-appear to be on the rise, though hard information on trends in any given locality for any specific waste stream is difficult to come by. These changes in waste stream toxics will continue in the future as a result of various agents which are evolving over time. Post-war manufacturers made twin decisions: First, to redesign products/packaging to minimize durability and maximize purchase quantities; second, to stimulate consumer demand for nondurable products touting convenience and fashion. With the advent of the EPA solid waste hierarchy, it has become clear that there is not one but several ways to examine solid waste composition. This paper reports that these alternative approaches to scrutinizing the waste stream involve segregation according to: Types and quality of consumer products (reducible, repairable, reusable vs. non-salvageable); Types of materials (recyclable vs. non-recyclable); Organic content (compostable vs. non-compostable); and Heating value (combustible vs. non-combustible).


The Rudd Government plans an Emissions Trading System (ETS) by 2010 that will impose a cap on emissions of greenhouse gas. To give the Business Council of Australia's view on the government ETS proposal, BCA President Greig Gailey addressed The Sydney Institute on 27 August 2008.


The main advantage of isogeometric analysis resides in its ability to represent exactly a wide range of geometries, and has proven great efficiency in mechanical problems compared to standard finite elements. The application of the isogeometric context to electromagnetic problems leads to the isogeometric representation of air region, a particularly ineffective process. To overcome this hindrance, in a magnetostatic context, an original magnetic scalar potential Finite element-Boundary element coupling is presented. Numerical considerations and implementation specificities are discussed, and the efficiency of the method is demonstrated.


Asthma gymnastics is one type of exercise therapy that conducted in groups (exercise group) that involving activities of body movement or an essential activity to help the process of respiratory rehabilitation in patients with asthma and it is one of the supporting element in the treatment of asthma. Asthma is a lung disease with characteristics: a reversible airway (but incomplete in some patients) spontaneously or treatment; Inflammation of the airways; Increased airway response to various stimuli (hyperreactivity). This study aims to find out whether asthma gymnastic can reduce the frequency of recurrence of asthma, increase oxygen saturation and physical fitness in patients with asthma in Lung polyclinic of Wangaya hospital Denpasar. This study is an experimental study with the pre and post test control group design. Number of samples were 30 people with asthma consist of 15 patients with asthma as treatment group and 15 patients with asthma as control group. The results showed that in the treatment group have improvement on well controlled relapse and decrease of well uncontrolled relapse. Based on the value Mann Whitney test p = 0.008, it means asthma gymnastics can reduce recurrence in patients with bronchial asthma. Effect of asthma gymnastic on oxygen saturation in treatment group by mean values of % SpO2 increased from 95.1 to 96.5. By using the Mann Whitney p = 0.001, it means asthma gymnastics can improve oxygen saturation in patients with bronchial asthma. Conclusion that administration of asthma gymnastics training for three times a week for eight weeks can reduce the frequency of recurrence, improve oxygen saturation and physical fitness in patients with asthma. Asthma gymnastics will be expected to conduct by asthma sufferer regularly in an effort to control the frequency of asthma attacks effectively.


Graphene has been synthesized using thermal decomposition of ethyl alcohol in a medium pressure autoclave. The synthesis was carried out in the presence of strong alkaline solution at a temperature of ~230°C and pressure of 60 bar. The as-synthesized graphene has been characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). AFM analysis on various graphene sheets shows the presence of monolayer (n = 1) to trilayer (n = 3) graphene sheets with thickness of ~1.168 nm. HRTEM studies confirm the high quality of graphene obtained after purification of as-synthesized product. Use of chemically nonexplosive material for synthesis and reduced reaction time along with the absence of post-pyrolysis process make it a commercially viable process for bulk production of graphene.


Macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) is a chemokine that leads to leukocyte recruitment and activation at sites of infection. Controlling chemokine activity at sites of infection is important, since excess accumulation of leukocytes may contribute to localized tissue damage. Neutrophil-derived serine proteases modulate the bioactivity of chemokine and cytokine networks through proteolytic cleavage. Because MIP-1α is temporally expressed with neutrophils at sites of infection, we examined proteolysis of MIP-1α in vitro by the neutrophil-derived serine proteases: cathepsin G, elastase, and proteinase 3. Recombinant human MIP-1α isoforms LD78β and LD78α were expressed and purified, and the protease cleavage sites were analyzed by mass spectrometry and peptide sequencing. Chemotactic activities of parent and cleavage molecules were also compared. Both LD78β and LD78α were cleaved by neutrophil lysates at Thr16-Ser17, Phe24-Ile25, Tyr28-Phe29, and Thr31-Ser32. This degradation was inhibited by serine protease inhibitors phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and 4-(2-aminoethyl)-benzenesulfonyl fluoride. Incubation of the substrates with individual proteases revealed that cathepsin G preferentially cleaved at Phe24-Ile25 and Tyr28-Phe29, whereas elastase and proteinase 3 cleaved at Thr16-Ser17 and Thr31-Ser32. Proteolysis of LD78β resulted in loss of chemotactic activity. The role of these proteases in LD78β and LD78α degradation was confirmed by incubation with neutrophil lysates from Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome patients, demonstrating that the cell lysates containing inactivated serine proteases could not degrade LD78β and LD78α. These findings suggest that severe periodontal tissue destruction in Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome may be related to excess accumulation of LD78β and LD78α and dysregulation of the microbial-induced inflammatory response in the periodontium.


The aim of this paper is to classify satellite imagery using moment's features extraction with K-Means clustering algorithm in remote sensing. Clustering is the assignment of objects into groups called clusters so that objects from the same cluster are more similar to each other than objects from different clusters. In this research, the study area chosen is to cover the area of Baghdad city in Iraq taken by landsat 8. The proposed work consists of two phases: training and classification. The training phase aims to extract the moment features (mean, standard deviation, and skewness) for each block of the satellite imagery and store as dataset used in classification phase to compute the similarity measurement.  The experimental result of classification showed that the image contains five distinct classes (rivers, agriculture area, buildings with vegetation, buildings without vegetation, and bare lands). The classification result assessment was carried out by comparing the result with a reference classified image achieved by Iraqi Geological Surveying Corporation (GSC). It is observed that both the user accuracy and producers' accuracy and hence overall classification accuracy are enhanced with percent 92.12447%.


Of significant concern to dam operators, environmentalists, and the public is the effect of fluctuating discharge from Glen Canyon Dam on downstream sandbars. The authors present observations of seepage-related erosion caused by fluctuation in dam discharge. A finite-element model based on Biot's coupled stress-pore water pressure theory is used to investigate seepage-induced slope failures of sandbars in the Grand Canyon. In addition, a simple model based on seepage parallel to slope in an infinite, homogeneous, cohesionless soil was used to determine the limiting stable seepage slope. The authors show that this limiting stable seepage slope becomes a predefined failure plane. Sand deposited above this stable seepage slope will eventually fail along the predefined plane from gravitational forces, high pore-water pressure, and seepage forces. Predictions from the simple model, the finite-element model, and conventional slope-stability analyses are compared with field data from an instrumented sandbar in the Grand Canyon subjected to the fluctuating discharge from Glen Canyon Dam.


To bring out the functional properties of Agar-agar extracted with 0.01N from Gellidium amansii produced in Che-ju Udo and its fluid properties were investigated. The yield of agar from Gellidium amansii produced was , the content ratio of agarose and agaropectin was 79 to 21, gelation ability was and jelly strength was . Agar-agar solution showed the movement of non-Newtonian fluid and pseudoplastic property was emerged as its concentration go higher. The yield stresses in the range of agar-agar solution were .


Murdoch's Flagship provides the first in-depth overview of the Australian, mapping its uneven and uncharted progress across its first three decades. While the Fairfax and Packer media groups have received detailed historical coverage over the years, Rupert Murdoch's News Limited and the Australian have not been given the same systematic attention by historians. Denis Cryle draws on a vast amount of secondary print material, his own extensive interviews with past and present staff and a detailed reading of the Australian's newspaper files to capture the vitality of the newspaper over three seminal decades.


The increasing penetration of photovoltaic power generation in distribution systems causes serious voltage management issues. To mitigate the voltage variations due to solar generation intermittency, this paper introduces a PI-based reactive power control method of PV inverters. The proposed PI controller adjusts the reactive power injection of the solar inverters dynamically to drive the voltage at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) to a target value. The simulation studies are performed to evaluate the proposed PI-based reactive power control using the IEEE 34 test feeder for a 24-hour period in OpenDSS and Matlab. The performance of the proposed PI controller is compared to the conventional PV inverter controls with no reactive power generation and with the Q-V-based droop control at different penetration levels. The case studies demonstrate that the proposed PI-based voltage control method reduces effectively the voltage deviations at the PCC of the PV inverters. The voltage profiles under the proposed PI controller have narrower variation bands compared with the conventional PV reactive power control methods particularly at high penetration levels of solar generation.


What is the mental representation of phonetic space? Perceptual reorganization in infancy yields a reconfigured space "warped" around native-language (L1) categories. Is this reconfiguration entirely specific to L1 category inventory? Or does it apply to a broader range of category distinctions that are non-native, yet discriminable due to being defined by phonetic dimensions informative in the listener's L1 (Bohn & Best, 2012; Pajak, 2012)? Here we address this question by studying perceptual magnets, which involve attrition of within-category distinctions and enhancement of distinctions across category boundaries (Kuhl, 1991). We focus on segmental length, known to yield L1-specific perceptual magnets: e.g., L1-Finnish listeners have one for [t]/[tt], but L1-Dutch listeners, who lack (exclusively) length-based contrasts, do not (Herren & Schouten, 2008). We tested 31 L1-Korean listeners in an AX discrimination task for [n]-[nn] and [f]-[ff] continua. Korean listeners have been shown to discriminate both (Pajak, 2012), despite only having the former set in the inventory. We found perceptual magnets for both continua, demonstrating that perceptual warping goes beyond the specific L1 categories: when a phonetic dimension is informative for contrasting some L1 categories, perceptual warping applies not only to the tokens from those categories, but also to that dimension more generally.


Using the conformal bootstrap we explicitly construct WB2, the Casimir algebra of B2. This algebra contains, besides an extra dimension 4 field, also a fermionic dimension 5/2 field. We then construct the most general free field realization of this algebra using two free bosons and one free fermion. Finally, we derive the screening operators and show that they are related to the long and short root of B2. Our construction hence proves several conjectures of the recent literature. ∗e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Address after October 1991: Physikalisches Institut der Universität Bonn, Nußallee 12, D-5300 Bonn 1, GERMANY †Onderzoeker, I.I.K.W. Belgium, e-mail: email@example.com ‡e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


The article presents a dynamic model, that describes the dynamics of interregional labor force movement in continues time. Modification of this model allows to explain the dynamics of migration processes and their effects on regional economics both for regions of origin and attraction. The result of migration modeling in conditions of a closed system is presented on a graph and makes it possible to trace dependency between salaries levels, total labor force and the number of vacancies and unemployed people in several regions. Further research is planned to develop a model in terms of constructing unemployment and vacancies forecast.


Objective To deermine the target effect-site cocentrations of sufentanil at which 50% (EC50) and 95%(EC95) of patients fail to respond to surgical incision during sufentanil-propofol anesthesia when TCI of propofol was used to induce and maintain loss of consciousness (LOC).Methods Fifty ASAⅠorⅡpatients aged 18-57 yrs undergoing elective thoracic or abdominal surgery were enrolled in this study. MAP, HR,EKG, SpO2, PETCO2, target plasma (Cp) and effect-site (Ce) concentrations of propofol and sufentanil were monitored during anesthesia. Anesthesia was first induced with TCI of propofol at initial target plasma concentration (Cp) of 3.0μg·ml-1 followed by increments of 0.3μg·ml-1 when necessary until LOC. The patients were then randomized to receive TCI of sufentanil at Ce of 0.07, 0.10, 0.14, 0.20 and 0.28 ng·ml-1(n = 10 each). Tracheal intubation was facilitated with succinylcholine 1.5 mg·kg-1. The changes in MAP and HR, and body/limb movement, lacrimination, flushing and sweating in response to skin incision were recorded as signs of inadequate depth of anesthesia. EC50 and EC95 of sufentanil were calculated. Results The Ce of propofol required for LOC was (3.1±0.2)μg·ml-1. The duration between succinylcholine administration to incision was (24±11)rnin. The EC50 of sufentanil based on body/limb movement in response to skin incision was 0.12 ng·ml-1 (95% confidence interval ranged from 0.09-0.14 ng·ml-1). The EC95 of sufentanil was 0.20 ng·ml-1 (95% confidence interval 0.17-0.31 ng·ml-1). Conclusion During sufentanil-propofol anesthesia for thoracic or abdominal surgery when TCI of propofol[Cp(3.1±0.3)μg/ml] is used to induce and maintain LOC, the EC50 for target effect-site sufentanil concentration at no response to skin incision is 0.12 ng/ml and the EC95 is 0.20 ng/ml.


The characteristic of BOQ valuation bidding and its efficacy in application is introduced in this paper,also the procedures and key points are articulated,as well as the way of carrying out BOQ valuation bidding is discussed.


Controversy exists about the possibility of increased GVHD in alloMRD when PBPC are substituted for bone marrow as the transplant product because of the typically 10 fold higher T-cell dose in these products. Between 6/97 and 12/03, we performed 102 alloHSCT from MRD using PBPC mobilized with GCSF (10–16 mg/kg) and DEX 10mg/m2/day X3 (day -2 and -1 po, day 0 iv) to deplete allo reactive T-cells in vivo . All donors were apheresed on a COBE SPECTRA and cellular contents of the product were determined by flow cytometry in 98/102 cases. The donors ranged in age from 13–73, med 45. Controls consisted of 29 products collected with GCSF only mobilization from a previous trial. CD34 and CD3 were enumerated prior to ex vivo T-cell depletion with CellPro devices. The administration of DEX significantly decreased GCSF side effects with only mild steroid effects. The G-DEX mobilized grafts contained 6.55 X105 to 2.75 X107 CD34+ cells/kg of recipient (mean 8.85 X106), essentially the same yield as in the historical controls (1.01X106 to 2.47X107, mean 7.63X106), but the CD3+ yield from the G-DEX donors was 6.23X107 to 1.31X109 cells/kg recipient (mean 3.68X108) vs. 2.76X108 to 1.21X109 cells/kg of recipient (mean 6.19X108) in the controls (P=0.000001). The recipients in the study group included 49 females and 53 males aged 19–68, med 47, 51/102 HSCT were sex mis-matched, 27 female to male. Indications for HSCT included Acute Leukemia (5 ALL, 13 AML), Chronic Leukemia (18 CML, 4 CLL), Lymphoma (4 Hodgkins, 27 NHL), MDS (14), Multiple Myeloma (8) and Non-Malignant Diseases (9). GVHD prophylaxis consisted of CSA beginning on day −3 (2.5 mg/kg iv q12hr adjusted to target trough level) and methotrexate (10mg/m2 d 1 and 5mg/m2 d 3, 6, 16 and Qwky through d 100 or until onset of GVHD). Methylprednisolone was substituted for methotrexate in 7 pts and FK 506 for CSA for toxicity in 9 pts at some point in their course. With follow up for survivors from 6–84 mo (med 34), the cumulative probability of developing grade II-IV and III-IV aGVHD was 19.9% and 13.1% respectively. However, extensive cGVHD occurred in 39 patients (cumulative probability 62.4%). cGVHD was progressive from aGVHD in 10 cases, 8 of whom died of GVHD or immunodeficiency. The remaining 29 pts had de novo (21) or interrupted (8) cGVHD, but 19 of the de novo and 5 of the interrupted cases occurred during or shortly after discontinuing GVHD prophylaxis or treatment respectively. Of these 29 pt, 1 died of recurrent disease but of the remaining 28, 15 (53.6%) were alive at last follow up (12 De Novo, 3 Interrupted) and 7 have had resolution of their GVHD (5 De Novo, 2 Interrupted). Despite achieving only a modest reduction in CD3+ graft content, the G-DEX mobilized products appeared to cause less than expected aGVHD, but the cGVHD risk remains high. The fact that the majority of cGVHD occurred during or immediately after tapering prophylaxis or treatment for aGVHD and often had an aGVHD type presentation suggests that in vivo modification with DEX may only delay the onset of aGVHD. Alternate prophylactic strategies or longer taper of current standard GVHD prophylaxis is needed.


It is the key problems during informationalization of animal husbandry that how to construct information system and information industry of animal husbandry rapidly and effectively in China.Based on the definition,composing and research field,this paper discussed the effect and guide idea on information source construction of animal husbandry,the problem during the process of construction,key direction on construction means and development and application.


Saffi acknowledges the financial support provided by the Cambridge Endownment for Research in Finance (CERF) and Vergara-Alert the support of the Public-Private Sector Research Center at IESE, the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Ref. ECO2015-63711-P), and AGAUR (Project ref: 2014-SGR-1496).


which does not appear in those of white muscle. Its frequency and amplitude indicate that this red muscle contains about 4 ~ 0 1 of a phosphodiester/g (wet weight). This metabolite has been partially purified from extracts of freeze-clamped semitendinosus muscle. Present evidence suggests that the compound is a derivative of glycerophosphorylcholine. Its phosphorus resonance frequency is identical with that of glycerophosphorylcholine itself. Our experiments provide a direct view into the 'life' of the muscle cell. As well as giving important insights into the state of metabolites in situ, they raise two interesting questions. What are the sites of compartmentation of Pi in muscle? What is the nature of the unidentified metabolite? These questions are the target of our immediate research efforts.


The present invention relates to a method for early detection of Ganoderma boninense infection in oil palm and a method for indicating protection from Ganoderma boninense by a bio-control agent in a palm based on expression profile of genes associated with fatty acid (FA) biosynthetic pathway using roots and vegetative tissues comprising the step of: collecting a root or vegetative tissue sample, grounding the root or vegetative tissue sample and obtaining a powder, extracting the powder and obtaining a ribonucleic acid (RNA), designing at least a pair of primer based on the RNA, amplifying the pair of primer and obtaining an amplified nucleic acid and quantifying the amplified nucleic acid using a quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and obtaining a gene expression profile transcript characterize in that the RNA is from a de novo fatty acid biosynthetic gene protein coding region.


Background: If safety is defined as the diminished ability to penetrate facial arteries, the goal of this study was to investigate whether different-sized cannulas are safer than correspondingly sized needles for the application of facial soft-tissue fillers. Methods: Two hundred ninety-four penetration procedures of the facial and superficial temporal arteries were performed in four fresh frozen cephalic specimens using both needles (20-, 22-, 25-, and 27-gauge) and cannulas (22-, 25-, and 27-gauge). Continuously increasing force was applied and measured until intraarterial penetration occurred. Results: No statistically significant differences were detected when comparing forces required to penetrate the facial arterial vasculature between different sexes, arteries, or sides of the face (all p > 0.05). Forces needed to penetrate significantly (p < 0.001) decreased with smaller diameter needles (20-gauge, 1.12 ± 0.29 N; 22-gauge, 1.08 ± 0.25 N; 25-gauge, 0.69 ± 0.24 N; and 27-gauge, 0.70 ± 0.29 N) and in cannulas (22-gauge, 1.50 ± 0.31 N; 25-gauge, 1.04 ± 0.36 N; and 27-gauge, 0.78 ± 0.35 N). Comparing 27-gauge injectors, no statistically significant difference was detected between needles and cannulas; an artery could be penetrated with a similar force independent of whether the injector was a needle or a cannula (0.70 ± 0.29 N versus 0.78 ± 0.35 N; p = 0.558). Conclusions: Cannulas, in all measured sizes except 27-gauge, required greater forces for intraarterial penetration compared with correspondingly sized needles, confirming the safety of 22- and 25-gauge cannulas; 27-gauge cannulas, however, required similar forces as 27-gauge needles, indicating that 27-gauge cannulas are not safer than 27-gauge needles. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, V.


AbstractThe use of terrain and elevation data is critical for a number of applications in science and engineering. Typically, the quality of digital elevation models (DEMs) is assessed using external and independent point data sources to arrive at an overall RMS value for the errors. The utility of such a single-valued overall assessment depends on the spatial extent of the area under consideration and the terrain variability (both over time and space), as well as the application requirements. This paper aimed to understand the suite of parameters that are important to consider in deriving a DEM error budget. Specifically, terrain slope, land-cover type, information loss, and data measurement schemes were investigated. A region in western Canada spanning the Rocky Mountains was used to numerically quantify errors using two Global Positioning System (GPS) datasets: precise point positioning (PPP) profiles and GPS on benchmarks. Three digital elevation models [Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflec...


This research demonstrates pulsed electrohydrodynamic drop-on-demand (DoD) printing as a novel technique for synthesizing core-shell microparticles in a controlled manner. In this regard, a multiphase and multiphysics model is presented for coaxial electrohydrodynamic printing. The governing partial differential equations of the model are discretized using the finite element method, and a suitable numerical scheme is adopted to solve the system of discretized equations. The experimental results in the literature are used to validate the numerical model. Utilizing the validated model, the effects of continuous-direct current (DC) voltage and pulsed-DC voltage are examined on the behavior of a compound meniscus (composed of ethylene glycol core and olive oil shell) and the droplet formation process. According to the results obtained, the onset voltage of the compound meniscus is 3330 V, which agrees with the scale analysis. Furthermore, increasing continuous-DC voltage results in longer breakup length, shorter breakup time, faster droplet velocity, and shorter jetting start time. In addition, increasing pulsed-DC voltage duration leads to an increase in the breakup length and droplet velocity. Most importantly, it is possible to control the inertia of the coaxial spindle by controlling the pulsed-DC voltage magnitude and duration to ensure that a core-shell droplet separates from the meniscus in every pulse with the shortest breakup length and the minimum satellite droplets possible. It is generally recommended to keep the pulse duration and amplitude low enough to prevent long breakup length and irregularities in the printed pattern; however, they must be sufficiently large to sustain micro-dripping mode.


The present invention is sodium alginate, the paclitaxel drug containing a carrier and paclitaxel, and the paclitaxel, characterized in that the excitation wrapped by the sodium alginate-containing relates to a sodium alginate microsphere vascular color premise. Paclitaxel, sodium alginate, drug carriers, embolization


There is a distinctive type of desert kite in southern Arabia. On low-resolution aerial photographs it has the form of a Y and a closer look reveals a scissor-shaped structure. The head and the tails are very distinctive: the head is an open structure with a continuous wall on the right side and many chambers on the left; the tail consists of many piles of stones arranged in a straight line, and only towards the head does it change into a continuous wall. These impressions, together with the—now known—wide distribution of desert kites in non-arid regions as well, lead to the idea that the stone alignments of Carnac in France could also have served as animal traps.


Photograph of a child in Porirua Mental Hospital, Wellington, taken in 1950 by an Evening Post photographer.
Quantity: 1 b&w original negative(s) individual image on a 35mm negative strip.
Physical Description: Film negative, 35mm


Human societies prosper when their members move beyond local exchange and cooperate with outsiders in the creation of wealth. Collaboration of this type presents formidable challenges because interaction is impersonal, reciprocity is unfeasible and trust cannot be easily established. Here we study this cooperation problem by modeling strategic interaction among strangers through an Intertemporal Exchange Game. The setup can be easily implemented in the laboratory to study a variety of cooperation-enhancing institutions. In particular, we study the role of a fiat monetary system by introducing intrinsically worthless tokens that can be offered in exchange for cooperation. The experiments show that a monetary system spontaneously emerges in the laboratory, and is a key institution to promote cooperation among strangers.


The dechlorination of 2-chloro-1,1,1,2,-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124) was carried out electrochemically on a solid polymer electrolyte composite electrode (Pd-Neosepta). As the sole product 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) was obtained. Irradiation with light of a xenon arc lamp enhanced the dissociation of C–Cl bond of the reactant adsorbed on Pd, resulting in an increase in the rate for HFC-134a formation.


A new flexible thermal insulation sheet, a composite of silica aerogel with polypropylene (PP) foam, has been developed. Even though a large volume ratio of silica aerogel (97%) was included, the composite showed high flexibility. Thermal conductivity of the composite was 0.016 W/(m⋅K) at 298 K, which is as low as silica aerogel monolith. Silica aerogel flaking, which has been a problem in practical applications, is very low in this composite due to skin layers of the polymer-foam composite. A supercritical drying process for rolled sheets of the material for large-scale production is also described. Simulations of extraction of 2-propanol from a silica alcogel revealed that rolled composite sheets with small spaces between the sheet composite are able to dry in a reasonable extraction time. These findings led to effective on production of this material on a pilot industrial scale.


We examine the temperature dependence of thermopower in the single-band Hubbard model using dynamical mean-field theory. The strong Coulomb interaction brings about the coherent-to-incoherent crossover as temperature increases. As a result, the thermopower exhibits nonmonotonic temperature dependence and asymptotically approaches values given by the Mott-Heikes formula. In the light of our theoretical result, we discuss the thermopower in some transition metal oxides. The magnetic field dependence of the thermopower is also discussed.


This paper studies an energy efficient design of precoders for point-to-point multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Differently from traditional approaches, the optimal power allocation strategy is studied by modelling the circuit power as a rate-dependent function. We show that if the circuit power is a constant plus an increasing and convex function of the transmission rate, the problem of minimizing the consumed energy per bit received can be reformulated as a convex fractional program and solved by means of a bisection algorithm. The impact of the some system parameters is investigated either analytically or by means of computational results.


We prove nonlinear stability for a large class of solutions to the Einstein equations with a positive cosmological constant and compact spatial topology in arbitrary dimensions, where the spatial metric is Einstein with either positive or negative Einstein constant. The proof uses the CMC Einstein flow and stability follows by an energy argument. We prove in addition that the development of non-CMC initial data close to the background contains a CMC hypersurface, which in turn implies that stability holds for arbitrary perturbations. Furthermore, we construct a one-parameter family of initial data such that above a critical parameter value the corresponding development is future and past incomplete.


Near-field mutual coupling between antennas is a widespread problem that may affect the performance of wireless systems. Characteristic mode analysis (CMA) presents a new approach to solve this problem and in this paper we deal with the near-field and out-of-band case. Based on the CMA, the functional and non-functional modes are discriminated, and the latter is suppressed using inductive loads. Moreover, the CMA helps finding appropriate positions and values of the loads. Wire and loop antennas are numerically analyzed as examples.


Figure 1. (A) Axial and coronal contrast-enhanced CT images (portal phase) in axial and coronal planes showed a hypodense oval filling contrast defect at the junction between the right atrium and the ostium of inferior vena cava (blue arrows) suggestive of myxoma vs thrombus. (B) Echocardioraphy depicted a small oval shaped lesion (red arrow) in the right atrium at the level of inferior vena cava (blue arrow) ostium. We can also appreciate, in oblicue sagittal plane image, a small pedicle (yellow arrow) connecting this lesion to the right atrial wall. RV: right ventricle.


Abstract Optimism is shown to predict effective long-term rehabilitation, physical/mental health, and prevention of recidivism among prisoners. However, knowledge is scarce on factors that may specifically influence optimism within the population of inmates. In this regard, we cross-sectionally examined the predictive abilities of schizotypal personality traits (SPT) and family environments on personal optimism and sense of external security. Participants (204 male prisoners, mean age = 34.3 ± 8.73) were administered the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ-B), the Positivity Scale and Moos Family Environment Scale. Structural equation modeling was used to test assumptions. Controlling for time currently spent as an inmate and religious affiliation, results indicate that SPT significantly and negatively predicts dispositional optimism. However, the perception of family environments did not. The model largely accounted for a variance of 56% in personal optimism and 59% in external security. This suggests the necessity of early detection and management of SPT for increased optimistic dispositions in prison inmates.


Routing protocols for multi hop wireless networks have used shortest path routing to obtain best paths to destinations and do not consider traffic load or delay as an factor in the selection of routes. So motivated, we address the issue of designing a multipath routing protocol that is generally applicable even when there are more sources and also we can use link state routing protocol to reduce the impedence. We develop a protocol that adaptively equalizes the mean delay along all utilized routes from a source to destination and does not utilize any routes that have greater mean delay. This is the property satisfied by a system in War drop equilibrium. We also address the architectural challenges confronted in the software implementation of a multipath, delayfeedback-based, probabilistic routing algorithm. Round trip time is taken into account so that we can avoid the duplicate packets from outgoing lines. Age field is included for the sequence number and reduce once per second there will be no packet loss. Heirarchial routing is applied so that it reduces the memory required at each node.


Abstract Several friends of inference to best explanation have claimed in recent work that explanatory virtues, such as consilience, simplicity and increased precision, play an important heuristic role in assigning probabilities to available hypotheses and that it is this role that justifies continued efforts to investigate the scope, nature and epistemic value of the inference rule. In this paper I argue that understanding explanatory virtues as a guide to probability assignments creates a critical dilemma for advocates of IBE that has not previously been made sufficiently explicit and which has significant implications for the prospects of the rule. I conclude that the viability of IBE requires that explanatory virtues be related to a non-probabilistic conception of success.


The data of Rowlands and Woods (1975, 1978) for the low-temperature electrical resistivity of strained samples of Ag show that the sign of the deviations from Matthiessen's rule changes from negative to positive as the temperature increases above 12K. An explanation is presented for this change in sign.


Malignant melanoma in situ, lentiginous type (LM), is a precursor lesion for malignant melanoma, lentiginous type (LMM). LM is characterized as an irregular, pigmented patch that is most commonly found on chronically sun-exposed skin, including the head and neck. LM is shown to be increasing in incidence and is the most prevalent subtype of in situ melanoma. Although LM constitutes only 4% to 15% of all melanomas, it is the most common type of head and neck melanoma. The progression of LM to its invasive form, LMM, is estimated to occur after 10 to 15 years. During this time, there is a protracted radial growth phase that is unique to LM among the in situ melanomas. Local recurrence of LMM is reported to account for 37% of all locally recurrent melanomas, which is most likely influenced by the clinical and histopathologic challenge of defining tumor margins in the context of chronically sun exposed skin. Although the recommended surgical margin for melanoma in situ is 5 mm, it has been well documented that, for the LM subtype, this is often inadequate and most likely contributes to local recurrence. The formation of LM, as well as its progression to LMM, is thought to involve the decrease in cell-mediated immunity in sun-damaged skin. Although first-line recommended treatment for LM is surgical excision, noninvasive therapies may be considered in certain clinical situations. Imiquimod is a topical immune-modulator acting on Toll-like receptors and has been shown to be a potent enhancer of innate and acquired immune responses. Various small open-label studies have reported treatment of LM with 5% imiquimod cream. The current study reports the use of this topical drug as an adjunct to surgical excision when treating extensive LM with focal invasive malignant melanoma.


The addition of alkyl nitronate anions to PMB imines, derived from benzaldehyde or straight-chain carbaldehydes, in the presence of a Bronsted acid, proceeds in greater than 90% yield with up to 10:1 diastereoselection favoring the anti isomer. The mechanism of this addition reaction is intriguing and is under investigation. The moderately unstable β-nitro amines can be reduced with samarium diiodide and the PMB group removed with CAN, in good overall yields, to give sensitive 1,2-diamines without erosion of diastereoselectivity. This protocol represents a new, stereoselective synthesis of certain 1,2-diamines.


Aluminum nitride ceramics are very suitable as substrate material for thick film- / hybrid applications in the field of power electronics and microwave technology. Main features are high thermal conductivity, a thermal expansion coefficient close to silicon, good mechanical stability and dielectric properties. Thick film resistor pastes are usually composed of lead- and bismuth oxide free glass frit and ruthenium dioxide as electrical conductive component. In contrast to oxide ceramics like alumina ceramics, thermo dynamical calculations predict the reaction of ruthenium dioxide with AlN. Thus, resistor pastes for AlN are designed to build defined porosity in the films. In dependence of composition of the paste, substrate roughness and -quality varying interactions of the components and deviating film structures can be observed. On basis of different paste compositions resistors were built with varying film thicknesses. Electrical properties like resistance and its temperature coefficient as well as the p...


BACKGROUND Hypertension, a common clinical problem is considered as an 'iceberg disease' because its unknown morbidity far exceeds the known morbidity. In terms of attributable deaths, it is one of the leading behavioural and physiological risk factors amounting to 13% of global deaths. Drug selection is based on efficacy in lowering BP (blood pressure) and in reducing Cardiovascular (CV) endpoints like stroke, myocardial infarction and heart failure. This study was carried out to evaluate the pattern, extent, rationality and frequency of the use of antihypertensive drugs in the treatment of hypertension. The aim of the study is to analyse drug utilisation in the treatment of hypertension in a tertiary care hospital. by SPSS version 16. Out of 612 patients, 262 (42.81%) were in the age group of 60 and above. Considering gender distribution, 328 (53.59%) were males and 284 (46.41%) were females. Of these, 274 (44.78%) were prescribed monotherapy, 256 (41.83%) were prescribed two-drug therapy, 72 (11.76%) were prescribed three-drug therapy and 10 (1.63%) were prescribed four-drug therapy. Among 274 (44.78%) patients prescribed with monotherapy, 112 (40.87%) were prescribed with CCB (calcium channel blocker), 76 (27.73%) were given BB (B-blocker), 45 (16.42%) were prescribed ACEI (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor), 35 (12.77%) were prescribed with ARB (angiotensin receptor blocker) and 6 (2.18%) were prescribed with Diuretics (D). Of the total antihypertensive drugs prescribed, 68.30% were prescribed by generic name, while 25.98% were prescribed as FDCs (fixed drug combination) and 39.05% of antihypertensive drugs were from NLEM (national list of essential medicine). Average number of drugs prescribed per encounter in our study was 2.42, while number of antihypertensive drugs per encounter were 1.34. The findings of our study suggest that majority of prescriptions had generic names of the drugs. Improving practitioners' knowledge and attitude in rational prescribing can prove to be a cornerstone in achieving rational use of antihypertensive drugs.


The reaction of NiCl2·6H2O with potentially bidentate N,S donor pyrazole-1-carbodithioate ligands produces four-coordinated diamagnetic NiIIN2S2 complexes quantitatively. In solution Ni(L1)2 (L1 = 3,5-dimethylpyrazole-1-carbodithioate) transforms to dimeric bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazole-1-carbodithioato) bis(μ-3,5-dimethylpyrazolato)dinickel(II), [Ni2(μ-3,5-Me2Pz)2(L1)2] (1).


The Marmot dam, a medium-large sized dam on the Sandy River in Oregon, was removed in October 2007 to restore fi sh spawning habitat. This decommissioning project provided the opportunity to study fl uvial geomorphologic changes as affected by the release of impounded sediment behind a dam. This research project examined change in grain size distribution (GSD) in Reach B in the downstream of the Sandy River, relatively close to the dam site. Data was collected in July 2008 and compared to data collected by others in July 2007, prior to the dam removal. Seven bars in this reach were facies mapped and pebble counted using the Wolman pebble counting technique. DeVillier expected that fi ne material had already traveled downstream without deposition whereas larger grains had yet to be transported to this reach. Therefore, Reach B should not have changed signifi cantly since the dam removal. It was found that GSD of some bars changed noticeably however as a whole, Reach B had barely changed. Therefore, Reach B is fairly the same preand post-dam removal as yet. Introduction In October 2007, the Marmot Dam was removed from the Sandy River in Oregon. This was a large dam that held back 730,000 cubic meters of sediment. Studying the deposition of this sediment after dam removal is critical to monitoring proper salmon and trout spawning habitat. To characterize the change in grain size distribution (GSD), this research focuses on Reaches B1 and B2, together known as Reach B, which is relatively close to the dam site in the downstream portion of the river. This study of change in GSD on the Sandy River builds upon data that was collected in 2007, predam removal, which contributes to Chuck Podolak's Ph.D. dissertation at Johns Hopkins University. Data collected on Reach B along with that of colleague Dajana Jurk's, on GSD of the Oxbow Reach, and Timothy Shin's on analysis of downstream fi ning will contribute to understanding the geomorphic changes the Sandy River is undergoing due to dam removal. For Reach B, researchers expect that most of the sand from the impoundment has washed downstream past Reach B without being deposited there while the larger gravel, cobbles, and boulders have not yet been carried to this reach. Hence, it is hypothesized that the grain size distribution of Reach B has not changed signifi cantly since dam removal. Methods Facies mapping • Wolman pebble counting technique • Gravelometer • 100 meter tapes laid across facies • Approximately 300 grains counted per facies, depending upon size • and homogeneity of facies Comparison of weighted mean grain sizes and fraction of sand • B1 Bar Map B2 Bar Map 0 50 100 150 200 250 D16 D50 D84 A ve ra ge G ra in S iz e (m m ) Reach B1


A major component in any Web personalization system is its user model. Recently a number of researches have been done to incorporate semantics of a Web site in representation of its users. All of these efforts use either a specific manually constructed taxonomy or ontology or a general purpose one like WordNet to map page views into semantic elements. However, building a hierarchy of concepts manually is time consuming and expensive. On the other hand, general purpose resources suffer from low coverage of domain specific terms. In this paper we intend to address both these shortcomings. Our contribution is that we introduce a mechanism to automatically improve the representation of the user in the Web site using a comprehensive lexical semantic resource. We utilize Wikipedia, the largest encyclopedia to date, as a rich lexical resource to enhance the automatic construction of vector model representation of user interests. We evaluate the effectiveness of the resulting model using concepts extracted from this promising resource.


Critics of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) argue that KPIs culture rewards the immediate production of tangible outcomes sometimes at the expense of social engagement and cooperative behaviour. The need to gain immediate outcomes in the current KPIs performance culture focuses many individuals onto forms of productivity that gain high KPIs but at what cost? What effect does this single minded focus have on developing organisational loyalties and commitments? Some scholars have suggested that a singular focus on performance indicator success may crowd out other positive social capital in institutions.


Computational thinking (CT) is a set of abilities, which has lately acquired great relevance because it brings to students the components to handle in-formation and develop analytical skills, which allows them to perform ac-cording to today's society. In this study, the authors describe the development of a formative assessment tool for Scratch programming. This web tool allows school teachers to design challenges for their students, supports the assessment of CT dimensions, gives feedback to students through the challenges' results and a gamified strategy, and keeps a track of the development of CT for each student.


This paper reports the development and application of the Feral Pig Management Model (FPMM). The model is used to examine the affect that alternative management strategies have on a feral pig population and thus the likely economic effect, over a 20-year planning horizon. The model is used to undertake a cost-benefit analysis based on the cost of control versus the benefit associated with the reduction of feral pig damage to agricultural crops. A number of alternative strategies are compared assuming the same types and levels of control measures (shooting, poisoning and trapping) applied. The research identified that irrespective of 'strategy configuration', more frequent control appears to have a higher ranking (lower total costs). Isolated knockdowns appear to have little impact on the feral pig population in the medium to long-term. Regular continuing control at high levels is identified as the optimal control strategy.


The results of a survey of the soft X-ray sky in the C band (0.10-0.28keV) are reported. The observations were carried out using two independent flow proportional counters on board the SAS 3 X-ray satellite which had a total angular resolution of 2.9 deg FWHM, and a total exposure of 2.2 x 10 to the 4th per sq cm s sr. It is found that C band counting rates were generally inversely correlated with the column density of the neutral hydrogen on all angular scales down to the lowest angular resolution of the detectors. In the region 90-180 deg l and 0-10 deg b, the relation between C-band rates and the column densities of neutral hydrogen was fitted with a residual rms deviation of less than 13 percent by a two-component numerical model of the X-ray background. For the apparent attenuation column density a value of 2.7 x 10 to the 20th per sq cm was obtained. On the basis of a computer simulation of the SAS 3 data, it is shown that the observed clumping of interstellar matter was consistent with the magnitude of spatial fluctuations in the C-band map. When the background rates were subtracted from the survey map, the subsequent map showed foreground emission and absorption features with improved sensitivity and clarity. A series of computer-generated maps incorporating the SAS 3 data is given in an appendix.


The production-stopped mainienance in coniinuous production line can be conducted with two ways: off-line and on-line.It is important for a business to select the correct maintenance wny to get higher equipment management profit.Based on the practice in HighSpeed Wire Plamt,Tangshan Iron and Steel,Company,the feamres of above two ways are analyzed,the determination model to select offered.


PURPOSE: A light emitting device including a graphene layer is provided to improve internal quantum efficiency of a light emitting device by strengthening light emitted from an active layer through a surface Plasmon effect. CONSTITUTION: A first conductivity type semiconductor layer(30) is formed on a board layer(10). The first conductivity type semiconductor layer is formed by using a nitride semiconductor doped with a first conductivity type dopant. An active layer(40) is formed on the first conductivity type semiconductor layer. A second conductivity type semiconductor layer(50) is formed on the active layer. A graphene layer(20) is formed on one or more layers among the first conductivity type semiconductor layer, the active layer, and the second conductivity type semiconductor layer.


We compare short-term and longer-term returns around IPOs, as well as post-issue performance, between US and China IPOs. Short-term abnormal returns are higher for China IPOs than US IPOs, both in univariate test (difference of means and medians tests), and in multivariate tests, controlling for other variables and fixed effects. We postulate that this is due to the different regulations between the two countries that could lead to more underpricing and constraints on reaching true value, in the short run, for China IPOs. However, the upward price pressure leading to superior stock returns does not last. In the longer-term, not only do China and US IPO firms have similar abnormal stock returns – on average negative as documented in the extant literature - but also the firms' operating performance, on average, as well as their book-to-market ratios (a proxy for future growth options) are not significantly different, in both univariate and multivariate tests.


Let S be a closed, oriented surface of genus at least 2, and consider the extension 1 -> pi_1 S -> MCG(S,p) -> MCG(S) -> 1, where MCG(S) is the mapping class group of S, and MCG(S,p) is the mapping class group of S punctured at p. We prove that any quasi-isometry of MCG(S,p) which coarsely respects the cosets of the normal subgroup pi_1 S is a bounded distance from the left action of some element of MCG(S,p). Combined with recent work of Kevin Whyte this implies that if K is a finitely generated group quasi-isometric to MCG(S,p) then there is a homomorphism K -> MCG(S,p) with finite kernel and finite index image. Our work applies as well to extensions of the form 1 -> pi_1 S -> Gamma_H -> H -> 1, where H is an irreducible subgroup of MCG(S)--we give an algebraic characterization of quasi-isometries of Gamma_H that coarsely respect cosets of pi_1 S.


The γ-HCH is an organochlorine pesticide used in agriculture and medicine to world level. It has a big tendency to bioaccumulate into the environment. There are many reports indicating that hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH) is present in soil, water, air, plants, agricultural products, animals, food, microbial environments etc. Considered a potential carcinogen and listed as a priority pollutant by the US EPA, γ-HCH is a lipophilic compound and therefore tends to accumulate and concentrate in the body fats of animals and humans. In Salí River, Tucumán, Argentina, lindane was detected 10-fold in relation to the traces permitted concentrations. Hence the development of new technologies to remediate these sites using microorganisms is every time more necessary.


The phenomenon of rock movement in mining areas has always been a difficult problem in mining engineering, especially under complicated geological conditions. Although the backfilling method mitigates the destruction of the surrounding rock, deformation can still exist in the mining area. In order to ensure the safety of under-sea mining, it is necessary to study the rock movement laws and the mechanisms. This paper focuses on a settlement analysis of the monitoring data of the No. 55 prospecting profile. By analyzing the shape of the settlement curves, the spatial distribution characteristics of settlements of different mining sublevels are summarized. Additionally, the fractal characteristics of the settlement rate under different space–time conditions are studied. We also discuss the relationship between the fractal phenomenon and the self-organized criticality (SOC) theory. The findings are of great theoretical value for the further study of mining settlements to better understand the physical mechanisms of internal movement and rock mass failures through the fractal law of the settlement. Furthermore, elucidating the rock movement law is an urgent task for the safety of seabed mining.


Title: The Control Environment and Internal Auditor - Does the control environment influence the possibility of internal auditors to detect fraud
Seminar date: 2015-06-04
Course: BUSN69 Degree Project - Accounting & Auditing
Authors: Ha Vu & Silvia Segura
Advisors: Karin Jonnergard & Peter W. Jonsson
Five key words: Internal Auditor, COSO, Control Environment, Fraud detection, Fraud Mechanism
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to provide insight from the internal auditor's perspective on whether the control environment has an influence on the possibility of internal auditors to detect fraud.
Methodology: For this paper we use a quantitative research with a deductive method approach.
Theoretical perspective: Main theories in this paper consist of role theory, triangle theory, and agency theory.
Empirical foundation: The primary data collection consists of information from a web-based questionnaire sent to members of the Institute of Internal Auditor in the US.
Conclusions: There is no correlation between internal control environment and possibility of internal auditors in detecting fraud. This research tries to find out if there is any correlation between the years of experience of internal auditors and the perception of possibility in detecting fraud and if there is any correlation between the perception of internal auditors in their role and the perception of possibility in detecting fraud, however, the answers for both these concerns is that there is no correlation.
There is no significant difference in opinion about which factor is important in influencing the possibility of detecting fraud amongst internal auditors who have different years of experience. Similarly, there is no significant difference in opinion about which factor is important in influencing the possibility of detecting fraud amongst internal auditors who have different perception of their role in connection with detecting fraud having


INTRODUCTION: Maternal mortality rates have increased to 23.8 per 100,000 live births in 2020, with the rate for non-Hispanic Black patients 2.9 times greater than non-Hispanic White patients in 2020. Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is responsible for approximately half of maternal morbidity. Many PPHs are preventable, and are due to delay in recognition. Disparities in health care outcomes are related to systemic racism, and implicit bias. Improvement requires developing and implementing standardized protocols. The California Maternal Quality Care Collaborative (CMQCC) developed a hemorrhage tool kit, featuring accurate quantitative assessment of blood loss (QBL) as a cornerstone to address these issues. Our main objective was whether implementation of a colorimetric-based QBL would identify PPH at earlier stages and improve maternal outcomes. METHODS: This is a retrospective case–control study comparing incidence of PPH, stage of PPH, maternal morbidity and length of stay, stratified by race and ethnicity, 1 year before and after implementation of a colorimetric-based QBL system. RESULTS: There was a 178% increase in overall identification of PPH from 5.1% to 14.2%. There was an increase in identification of stage I PPH, and decrease in stage II and stage III PPH. Total intensive care unit (ICU) admissions decreased from nine to zero. In non-Hispanic Black patients, PPH increased from 3.6% to 13.8%, with increased identification of stage I PPH. CONCLUSION: An unbiased colorimetric-based system for QBL during delivery and postpartum leads to earlier identification of postpartum hemorrhage in all patients regardless of ethnicity or race, a decrease in total ICU admissions, and shorter length of stay, overall increasing maternal outcomes.