Usually Dickens's novels are taken to have their merits in social satire and criticism. But his mature novels can be read as an excellent exploration into the problem of modern self or consciousness, which Lawrence characterized as the splitting into subject and object. Little Dorrit is one of the most remarkable in this matter. William Dorrit is the case of developing a false self which imprisons his original self. This original self comes to be liberated from the 'prison' of false self only at the death. Arthur Clennam, drawn back into himself under the life-crushing influence of his parents, is the case of inventing a virtual self to dispose of his desire for love and rationalize his non-action. These two characters are two different cases of the 'primitive integral self' (Lawrence) splitting into subject and object, or into self and non-self. And the boundary between the two halves comes to be a prison wall or a solid bank that will break the flow of life. But Amy Dorrit is presented to have the integral self which knows no division between the two halves. What is important in her is not her 'self-sacrifice', or her sense of 'duty', but the life, the life which, not checked by any sense of 'self-hood'(Blake), flows from her, enabling her to help her family and others.


According to their prevalent applications, LED displays can be generally divided into three categories: full color displays, displays for public information release and display in traffic field. Each category has its own distinctive technical features, which are covered from its development in history, current status as well as its future direction. The article especially lists technological challenges each category will be confronted with. While proposing remedies, the author calls for serious efforts to elevate the technical level of the whole industry.


Do Redeployed Finger Representations Underlie Math Ability? Michael L. Anderson (firstname.lastname@example.com) Department of Psychology, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA Marcie Penner-Wilger (email@example.com) Institute of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada Such a register requires a series of switches that can be independently activated; abstractly speaking, the ability to individually represent whether and which fingers have been touched requires the same. As such, the finger- gnosia circuit would be a candidate for redeployment by a later-developing need with the same abstract structure. Keywords: finger gnosia; mathematics; redeployment; number representation Introduction: Finger Gnosia and Math Finger gnosia is the ability to distinguish, without visual feedback, which fingers have been lightly touched. Developmentally, finger gnosia has been found to predict children's mathematics performance (for a review see Penner-Wilger et al., 2007). The question of why finger gnosia and math are related is an issue of debate. Research to date has focused on two views, one "localist" and the other "functional". According to localism, finger gnosia predicts math ability because the two abilities are supported by neighboring brain regions, which tend to have correlated developmental trajectories. On this view, there is no direct causal link between the abilities (Dehaene, et al., 2003). In contrast, according to the functional view, finger gnosia and math are related because the fingers are used to represent quantities and perform counting and arithmetic procedures. As a result, the representation of numbers and of fingers become entwined (Butterworth, 1999). Empirical support for each view has been mixed. Localism predicts that all co-located cognitive functions—such as left-right orientation and handwriting—should be correlated, ceteris paribus, a prediction that is not generally supported. Likewise, the functional prediction that facility in finger use (e.g. speed of finger tapping) should predict math ability at least as well as finger gnosia has also not been borne out (Penner- Wilger et al., 2007). Our purpose in this poster is to (1) outline a novel hypothesis explaining the observed correlation, (2) point out some evidence in support of the hypothesis, and (3) suggest some further empirical predictions of the hypothesis. Evidence and Predictions Consistent with our view that the same circuit is responsible for the representation of fingers and of magnitude, Zago et al. (2001) found that a region associated with the representation of fingers (left parieto- premotor circuit) was activated during adults' arithmetic performance. Also consistent with our view, rTMS applied to the left angular gyrus has been found to disrupt adults' performance on both finger gnosia and number magnitude tasks (Rusconi, et al., 2005). Moreover, given that in our view the connection does not rest on the use of the actual fingers in calculation (although it might suggest reasons we find it natural to use them), it is compatible with the finding that math is more highly correlated with gnosia than with finger agility (i.e. tapping). This last finding suggests a novel prediction: children who do not, or cannot, use their fingers to count (but who perform normally on a finger gnosia test) will nevertheless show activations in the finger circuit during magnitude comparison tasks. We are currently designing an experiment to test this prediction. References Anderson, M.L. (2007). Evolution of cognitive function via redeployment of brain areas. The Neuroscientist Butterworth, B. (1999). The mathematical brain. London: Nelson. Dehaene, S., Piazza, M., Pinel, P., & Cohen, L. (2003). Three parietal circuits for number processing. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 20, 487-506. Penner-Wilger, M., Fast, L., LeFevre, J., & Smith-Chant, B. L. (2007). The foundations of numeracy: Subitizing, finger gnosia, and fine-motor ability. Proceedings of the 29th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Rusconi, E., Walsh, V., & Butterworth, B. (2005). Dexterity with numbers: rTMS over left angular gyrus disrupts finger gnosis and number processing. Neuropsychologica, 43, 1609-1624. Zago, L., Pesenti, M., Mellet, E., Crivello, F., Mazoyer, B., Tzourio-Mazoyer, N. (2001). NeuroImage, 13, 314- Redeployment of Finger Representations We propose that part of the neural circuit supporting finger gnosia is also part of the neural circuit supporting certain mathematical abilities. That is, a functional circuit originally evolved for finger representation has since been redeployed in support of magnitude representation, and now serves both functions. This hypothesis makes the finger gnosia-mathematics relation one particular instance of the more general phenomenon of redeployment in the evolution of the brain (Anderson, 2007). Consider from a computational perspective that one foundational element in any calculating circuit is a register for storing the number(s) to be manipulated.


Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Department for nuclear medicine in the University medical centre Ljubljana provides nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures for approximately 1.000.000 inhabitants of Slovenia. As many countries in Europe, Slovenia was faced with the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in early spring of 2020. Since our country is situated next to the northern part of Italy, where the situation was critical, our Ministry of health issued specific recommendations in March 2020. The aim was to increase hospital capacities for COVID-19 patients through limiting non-urgent diagnostic tests including myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) and to minimize the spread of the virus into hospital departments. The epidemiologic situation of the first wave resolved within 3 months. In the second wave of the pandemic in autumn 2020, the recommendations on patient care in non COVID-19 cases were less limiting to avoid worsening of non COVID-19 related diseases and patient prognosis. Purpose The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on MPS in our medical institution. Methods Data on numbers of MPS, clinical characteristics of the patients and findings of MPS were prospectively collected for the first wave (in spring from March 15th to June 15th 2020) and second wave (in autumn from September 15th to December 15th 2020) of the pandemic and were compared with the same periods in 2019. Results During the first wave we performed 40% less MPS, significantly more patients had pharmacological stress and were outpatients than in spring 2019. There were no significant differences in other clinical characteristics and MPS findings (Table 1 and Figure 1). In autumn 2020 we reorganized our schedule to increase the number of patients, which was once again comparable to previous year's autumn. Although the number of patients was comparable, patients were now significantly older and had more often pharmacological stress, but there were no significant differences in other clinical data or MPS findings (Table 1 and Figure 1). Conclusions In our hospital, during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic, we performed significantly less MPS than in the same period of the previous year. To minimize the possibility of virus transmission from asymptomatic patients, we followed international recommendations and avoided exercise stress tests but increased the percentage of pharmacological stress tests. A similar approach regarding the type of stress tests was chosen for the second wave in autumn of 2020. However, we decided to increase the number of MPS performed, in order to lessen the negative impact of the pandemic on non COVID-19 related diseases, focusing on coronary artery disease. Abstract Figure. Abstract Figure.


Objective:Through comparing the content difference of serum creatine kinase between pregnant women with pernicious placenta priva and the normal ones to investigate its value in prenatal diagnosing pernicious placenta priva with placenta accreta. Methods: A total of 92 patients of pernicious placenta priva were retrospectively analyzed in Maternal and Child Care Service Centre of Jiangxi Province from June 2012 to June 2013, among them, 38 cases of pernicious placenta priva with placenta accrete after operation were classified into the study group with placenta accreta, others into the study group without placenta accrete, then 50 women having caesarean section ever but normal pregnance this time into the control group. The levels of serum creatine kinase among three groups were compared. Results: The levels of creatine kinase in study groups with placenta accreta, without placenta accreta and controls were(128.6 ± 19.8) U/L,(67.7 ± 21.2) U/L and(65.1 ± 20.3) U/L respectively. The level of the study group with placenta accreta was the highest of all. But the levels for central placenta priva, partial placenta priva and marginal placenta priva were(80.3 ± 38.2) U/L,(77.1 ± 36.0) U/L and(79.6 ± 29.7) U/L respectively, the difference among them was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The level of creatine kinase may be helpful to predict placenta accreta prenatally, which is unrelated to the type of placenta accreta.


Research on heatwaves has gained significant impetus over the past decade due to a warming planet and rapid 21st century urbanization. This study examines driving factors influencing heatwave trends and interannual variability across Southern California (SoCal) from 1950–2020. Inland urban areas of Los Angeles county are the most susceptible to heatwaves with strong increasing trends in frequency, duration, and intensity that are closely tied to nighttime warming. Coastal and rural areas are less impacted but show a significant increase in heatwave frequency over the past two decades. Heatwave nighttime temperatures combined with high humidity have been increasing at a rapid rate of ~1°C/decade since the 1980s—elevating heat stress and mortality risk to vulnerable urban communities. The increased nighttime humidity is associated with an anomalous moisture source off the coast of Baja California that has intensified over the past decade and is linked to ocean warming trends and changes in the California current system. Heatwaves are starting earlier and ending later in the year for urban regions. This augments public health risks and sets the stage for more intense fall wildfires by enhancing the drying of fuels. Droughts and heatwaves are strongly linked, particularly in inland urban and rural areas that have a high statistical probability of heatwaves increasing in frequency (42%), duration (26%), and daily mean temperature (2.2%) during severe drought conditions. Better understanding of heatwave climate drivers and underlying physical processes could help with prediction skill, in addition to providing effective data‐driven recommendations for mitigation efforts in SoCal's vulnerable urban regions.


Abstract X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) shows that iodine intercalated into the (Bi-O) layers of the oxide superconductor Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O x is present in a highly oxidized I(VII) state suggestive of the formation of strongly covalent I-O bonds as in KIO 4 , not as in KIO 3 . Electrons are transferred from the antibonding states of the covalent complex to the CuO 2 sheets, which lowers T c . The core-level spectra also show the presence of residual iodine species at the surface of the samples. Ar-ion sputtering of the surface disintercalates iodine from the bulk to the surface.


CuFeS crystals were synthesized by the hydrothermal decomposition of Cu/Fe diethyldithiocarbamate complex which using CuCl2 and FeCl3 as the Cu resource and Fe resource respectively,sodium diethyldithiocarbamate as the S resource,absolute ethanol as the solvent.X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscop,transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction results show that the Cu1.1Fe1.1S2 crystals with cubic structure are composed of irregular particles with the average size of less than 500 nm and nanoscale rod-shaped morphology with the diameter of less than 100 nm.Ultraviolet spectrum displays broad absorption peak at 287 nm and 528 nm.Photoluminescence spectrum shows strong blue light and green light emission at 459.2 nm,494.2 nm and 600 nm respectively.


REPORT OF A CASE An 87-year-old white woman who was diagnosed in 1980 with malignant melanoma (MM) on the plantar aspect of her right foot (invasion, Clark level II; thickness, 0.7 mm) was referred to the dermatology clinic at the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 10 years after undergoing the initial surgery. A nonpigmented 1.1 × 0.6-cm shallow erosion overlaying the metatarsophalangeal joint (Fig 1) was observed. Multiple 3-mm punch biopsy specimens of the erosion revealed an undifferentiated tumor adjacent to the epidermis that invaded the superficial dermis. Immunoperoxidase staining was positive for S100 protein and negative for keratin. The lymph nodes were not palpable, and no signs and symptoms of visceral metastatic disease were observed. Findings from her blood chemistry tests were within normal limits, except for borderline elevation of the alkaline phosphatase (279 U/L; normal, 68 to 243 U/L) and lactic dehydrogenase levels (207 U/L; normal, 109


By studying the task of an UAV,a design scheme of ground control system software of UAV,based on VC platform is proposed.It is easy to use.With the control system,the tast requirement of UVA control has been fulfilled well.


The community is entering an age of aging, and improving the home security and quality of life of the elderly is the focus of the whole society and every family. In view of the characteristics of the elderly at home, this paper discusses the safety issues of falls, diet, medication, going out and psychological, and puts forward specific preventive measures and precautions.


Aims: Clinical metabonomics has been widely used in advanced laboratory medicine for the study of disease mechanism and biomarker discovery. Here, we will extend the use of clinical metabonomics to develop new screening test for malignant pleural effusions (MPE). Methods: Thirty-two malignant and 18 non-malignant PE samples were analysed using reversed-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Biomarkers for MPE were determined by metabonome-wide association studies (MWAS) using Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve Explorer and Tester (ROCCET). All markers were filtered using a metabonome-wide significance level (MWSL) at p value ⩽ 2 × 10−5. Results: A total of 2731 and 3137 markers were detected in positive and negative ESI spectra respectively. Free fatty acids (FFAs) 16:0, 18:1 and 18:2 were significantly increased in MPE. FFA 18:1 (oleic acid) showed the largest area-under-ROC of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.87–1.00) with sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 100.0% (p value: 8.23 × 10−8). Discussion: Pleural fluid oleic acid is a novel biomarker for screening MPE. Using MWAS, the most diagnostic marker can be determined in an unbiased approach. FFAs 16:0, 18:1 and 18:2 are the major products of fatty acid synthase (FASN). The lipogenic phenotype observed in MPE supports an overexpression of FASN in cancer cells which could be a potential therapeutic target. ReferenceLam CW, Law CY. Untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomic profiling of pleural effusions: fatty acids as novel cancer biomarkers for malignant pleural effusions. J Proteome Res 2014; 13: 4040–6.


Brick is one of the materials of building which have been long known and used by the people both in rural area as well as urban area. Brick is a material made of clay with or without additional mixture through several processes. The process includes of draining in the sun and then burning in high temperature in order to make the brick harden and not broken if it is soaked into the water. In this study used clay and additional materials ISS 2500 which has a variety of levels of 0.9 ml, 1.2 ml, 1.5 ml and 1.8 ml with the purpose to improving the quality of the bricks, as well as to compare compressive strength of bricks by modifying the length of the time combustion. So that can be known a long time the most optimal combustion. Soil samples were tested in this study are derived from clay Nyunyai Street, District Rajabasa, Bandar Lampung. Variations of burning time is used for one day, two days and three days. Before brick printed, the soil sample that has been mixed with the ISS 2500 and cured for 7 days, after that, the soil sample is printed, then drying for 2 weeks, along with treatment without burning and burning bricks. Based on the results of physical test of originil solid, USCS classified the sample of solid as the clay with low plasticity. Based on the results of sample's physical, USCS classify soil sample as clay with low plasticity. Compressive strength test results of the four levels of post combustion, the compressive strength maximum average post-combustion bricks are at a level of 1.8 ml with a burning for two days. The compressive strength value of 31.86 kg/cm 2 . The compressive strength maximum average brick before combustion generated by the level of 1.8 ml in the amount of 7.79 kg /cm 2 . Keywords: bricks, clay, ISS 2500, compressive strength.


This article describes the basic rules and regulations prescribed in the Quran and shows that the Quran is the main holy book, which contains the basic ideas and principles of the teachings of Muhammad, revered in Islam. Based on primary sources, in particular, relying on the teachings of the Quran, the position of a woman in Islam, her rights and obligations are shown.


Objective To explore the quantitative of NosmRNA in rats of three age(2.8.10 months) penile tissue. Methods NosmRNA in rat of three age(2.8.10 months) penile tissue have been detected by quarctitative PCR.Results NosmRNA in Penile tissue of older rats was marleedly deereased as compared with that in yonger rats. Conclusion The lower expression level of NosmRNA in Penile tissue might be relevant to the age dependent impotence.


In this article, we discuss the strategic measures adopted in Brazil to reduce the high rates of cesarean sections. We present specific programs for both public health and supplementary health and for improving maternal and child health. We hope that these governmental initiatives, coupled with a paradigm shift in the Brazilian society regarding childbirth and women's health, will reduce cesarean section rates in the short and medium run, leading to positive outcomes for maternal and children's health and well-being.


Transition metal oxides are promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries thanks to their good electrochemical reversibility, high theoretical capacities, high abundance, and low cost. The mechanism of lithium insertion or deintercalation into or from these metal oxides can be different depending upon their lattice structure or chemical nature. Synergistic effects obtained from mixing different metal oxides with (dis)similar lithiation/delithiation mechanisms (intercalation, conversion and alloying) can significantly improve the device performances. In this research, we systematically investigate the impact on electrochemical properties of SnO2 thin-films upon mixing with TiO2, Fe2O3 and ZnO. In these pure thin-films, SnO2 displays conversion- as well as alloying-type lithiation and serves as the host material, whereas TiO2 represents an intercalation-type anode material, Fe2O3 exhibits conversion reactions and ZnO expresses alloying during lithiation-delithiation processes. Importantly, all the composite thin-films have an intermixed structure at the atomic scale, as they are precisely prepared by the atomic layer deposition method. The electrochemical properties demonstrate that the composite thin-films show better performance, either higher capacities or better cycling retentions, than the individual constituent material (SnO2, TiO2, Fe2O3 or ZnO). Overall cycling stability improves to a great extent along with a slight increase in capacity with the addition of TiO2. The supplement of Fe2O3 in the SnO2–Fe2O3 composite thin-films moderately improves both capacity and retention, while the SnO2–ZnO composite electrodes demonstrate a good cyclability and stabilize at a relatively high capacity. The systematic investigation of synergistic effects on the different types (intercalation, conversion and alloying) of metal oxide composites is expected to provide guidance towards the development of composite anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.


In this paper, the applicability of three-parameter power model to the practical use of design analysis for plane frame with semi-rigid connections is discussed. A three-parameter power model used is based on Richard-Abbott's model (1971) and composed of initial connection stiffness R ki , ultimate moment capacity of connection, M u , and shape parameter n. The two former parameters R ki and M u can be derived by the simple principles of mechanics. However, the shape parameter n cannot be decided theoretically. Here, we tried to determine it using the least mean square technique for the moment between this model and the experimental test data. Comparison with the structural responses for 1-baby orthogonal frames in case using this proposed model and the experimental test data are executed.


Continuous Variable Transmission (CVT) system provides a solution that enable the
generation of staples shifting of gear ratio regardless of the speed and torque
requirement. CVT technology had been available since century ago, and it become
popular among the luxury car. However, due to the certain limitation of current CVT
design, CVT are not popular among the machineries. In this paper, Autodesk Inventor
was used to develop a new concept of compact CVT with simple and compact.
According to David G. Ullman, there are five steps in design process which start with
determine of problems, planning, develop design requirement, evaluation, decision, and
lastly communication of the result. Selection of the design had been going thru several
processes such as House of Quality (HoQ), and development of Engineering Design
Specification (EDS). In order to finalize the design, morphological chart with weighted
rating method had been used. New concept of compact CVT that had been developed is
less complicated compare to existing CVT system. In this new concept of compact CVT,
two unit of curved surface cones are used. One unit of idler located between two cone
act as rotation transmitter in this compact CVT. In addition, multiplication of the gear
ratio can be achieved by using multiple cone concepts.


In this paper, stochastic Volterra equations, particularly fractional, in Hilbert space are studied. Sufficient conditions for existence of strong solutions are provided.


This paper reports on the computational simulation and modeling of an in vitro alveolar construct system along the optical coherence microscopy (OCM) methods for visualizing engineered tissue. The optical imaging methods will be compared to immunohistochemical light microscopy samples of engineered alveolar constructs. Results show depth images of the alveolar tissue construct for a bilayer construct, as well as predictions of the gas exchange process in a simple model of a bio-reactor hosting the construct.


A. Wigfield and J. Meece (1988) developed the Mathematics Anxiety Questionnaire (MAQ) to measure the cognitive and affective aspects of mathematics anxiety. In particular, using school-aged students, Wigfield and Meece have provided evidence that the MAQ measures two factors identified as Worry and Negative Affective Reactions. This study used responses of 35 male and 173 female college students in a 2-group simultaneous confirmatory factor analysis to see if the 2-factor model for the MAW held for both males and females. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicate that the two-factor model is adequate for male and female college-aged samples and that the factor pattern is invariant across the genders. (Contains 3 tables and 12 references.) (SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Mathematic Anxiety 1 The Math Anxiety Questionnaire: A Simultaneous Confirmatory Factor Analysis Across Gender Richard Kazelskis Carolyn Reeves-Kazelskis The University of Southern Mississippi


In this article, energy-efficient resource allocation in simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) cooperative wireless networks is studied. With the transferred power, the SWIPT relays are adopted to improve the energy efficiency at the destination node. Two typical relay structures, decode-and-forward (DF) and amplify-and-forward (AF), are exploited for the optimal relay selection and power allocation with a power splitting SWIPT architecture. Nonconvex energy efficiency optimization problems are formulated for both DF and AF relay types. Based on the SNRs at the destination node, closed-form expressions of the optimal power splitting ratios are provided for DF and AF relays, respectively. With the optimal power splitting ratio, relay selection schemes based on full and partial knowledge of the channel state information are derived. Moreover, a novel power allocation scheme is proposed and illustrated based on the property of the simplified optimization problem with the power and quality of service constraints. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed resource allocation scheme achieves the maximum energy efficiency with low computational complexity, in which the proposed relay selection outperforms the typical relay selection schemes in terms of energy efficiency.


The effects fillers can have on the space charge measurement are discussed. A review of the influence of particle piezoelectricity, permittivity, electrostrictivity and expansivity, on the space charge signal is presented. A silica filled epoxy resin is analysed using the light-induced-pressure-pulse (LIPP) method. A spurious signal is measured and is shown to be due to the piezoelectric effect of the silica filler particles. Finally, space charges are detected at the epoxy/silica interfaces, after poling for 2 hours at 10 kV/mm.


A new route to 5-(imidazolidin-2-ylidene)-2-methylsulfanyl-3,5-dihydro-imidazol-4-ones 4a-c using ketene dithioacetal intermediates 3a-c is described. The reactivity of thiohydantoin derivatives 2a-c towards N,N-dimethylformamide diethylacetal (DMF-DEA) was also explored using solvent-free technique under microwave irradiation (mu omega). The (1)H- and (13)C-NMR spectra of some representative products are discussed.


Bio-concretes incorporates several types of biomaterials, and they emerge as a sustainable alternative to traditional concrete. In this context, the use of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to evaluate the environmental performance of these materials becomes fundamental in order to identify the main points for improvement. Therefore, this study performed a Systematic Literature Review, analysing the published works about LCA of the different types of bio-concretes, identifying the limitations and possible improvements for future studies. Because bio-concrete is a relatively new material, only 16 articles were found about this topic; however, it was observed a trend towards awareness of the relevance of performing LCA to evaluate the material's performance. Furthermore, there is no standardisation about the functional unit studied and the possibilities of bio-concretes end-of-life, showing the need of evaluating these variables in future studies. The hempcrete was the type of bio-concrete most evaluated. Moreover, the Global warming potential was the most studied impact category, and binder production was the main contributor for the CO2 emissions. When compared with conventional building materials, bio-concretes can have great GHG emissions reduction. It was verified that the biogenic carbon has a big influence in the GWP results of bio-concretes and must be addressed correctly.


The Cu+‐ATPase CopA from Archaeoglobus fulgidus belongs to the P1B family of the P‐type ATPases. These integral membrane proteins couple the energy of ATP hydrolysis to heavy metal ion translocation across membranes. A defining feature of P1B‐1‐type ATPases is the presence of soluble metal binding domains at the N‐terminus (N‐MBDs). The N‐MBDs exhibit a conserved ferredoxin‐like fold, similar to that of soluble copper chaperones, and bind metal ions via a conserved CXXC motif. The N‐MBDs enable Cu+ regulation of turnover rates apparently through Cu‐sensitive interactions with catalytic domains. A. fulgidus CopA is unusual in that it contains both an N‐terminal MBD and a C‐terminal MBD (C‐MBD). The functional role of the unique C‐MBD has not been established. Here, we report the crystal structure of the apo, oxidized C‐MBD to 2.0 Å resolution. In the structure, two C‐MBD monomers form a domain‐swapped dimer, which has not been observed previously for similar domains. In addition, the interaction of the C‐MBD with the other cytoplasmic domains of CopA, the ATP binding domain (ATPBD) and actuator domain (A‐domain), has been investigated. Interestingly, the C‐MBD interacts specifically with both of these domains, independent of the presence of Cu+ or nucleotides. These data reinforce the uniqueness of the C‐MBD and suggest a distinct structural role for the C‐MBD in CopA transport. Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Warts are infective epidermal tumours caused by a virus. Various types are described according to their morphological appearances. Those occurring on the genitalia and most of those occurring in the perianal area are hyperplas.tic pedunculated structures often of the pointed or "acumina-te" type. Sexual transmission has not been proved though clinical experience suggests that it occurs. It often happens that sexual partners of these patients have no warts and it may be that some of them are asymptomantic carriers of the virus. Experience shows that perianal warts are more common in homosexual men who practise the passive role than in other men. Oriell examined 72 men with anal warts attending a V.D. clinic. Sixty were practising homosexuals and all admitted to anal coitus during the year before the warts appeared.


Saw scaled viper is one of the venomous snakes in Sri Lanka. (1) It has different species worldwide. Bleeding manifestations and mortality are varying among them. There is no reported case on saw scaled bite related death in Sri Lanka. (1) Coagulopathy is the commonest manifestation. Here we are reporting the case report on Bradycardia following saw scaled viper bite for the first time. It has occurred after 72 hours and recovered with isoprenaline.


The availability of large data sets and development of complicated analytics is changing the decision-making processes in a multitude of disciplines. Purely data-driven approaches have become very successful in executing mechanistic processes, and offer valuable information in more complex, human-driven situations. (Spiegelhalter, 2014). The influence of big data and the decisions influenced by its analysis cannot be ignored in education. Teachers feel this impact in a number of ways, but none more immediate than third-party, large-scale examinations designed to satisfy an unending thirst for accountability and surveillance. While these examinations do collect data in a narrow sense (a detailed discussion of their validity is outside the scope of this discussion), they cannot compete with teachers as data producers and analysts of complex data. Here, I explore a shift of lens that frames teachers as the driving force in the collection and inquiry of big data rather than the inert consumers of third-party data. With a specific focus on mathematics education, my intent is to highlight two important roles of teachers in the emerging age of big data. A brief look at the existing literature on risk analysis highlights the importance of context and the existence of multiple rationalities in risk-based reasoning. This places teachers as the quintessential producer of big data and analyst of the pedagogical risks therein.Teacher as Big Data ProducerThe role of teacher is one steeped in context. If one were to frame the profession of teaching as a research study aimed at gathering data and testing various parameters, it would look much different than the data that institutions collect today. The multiple interacting forces of the classroom make it difficult to isolate variables and detennine causality. Even when testing claims to decipher trends, they must do so in a contextual vacuum, because any deviance from the typical student in the typical classroom in the typical school (the generalization continues) is weakened by specificity. The result is a tendency to whitewash students into categories with those falling outside tidy lines labeled, rather fittingly, as 'at risk'. Large-scale testing, such as state or provincial math efficiency examinations, produces "large n, small p" data (Spiegelhalter, 2014, p. 264). The participants (n), although not always willing, are many while the parameters to be measured (p) are small in number. In the case of mathematics achievement tests, the participants might include an entire age group while the subject of the testing would include isolated curricular concepts. The aim of such examinations is to produce a snapshot in time of the understanding of a specific subset of individuals. This snapshot is purposely contextless, and collapses the incredibly complex world in which teaching and learning occur. Student history, teacher style, school culture, and divisional priorities are necessarily ignored. The contextual void eludes to a quantitative objectivism in the subsequent risk decisions to be made based on the data.The recent research on risk shows that risk decisions are based on a gamut of information and rationalities that involve tacit and implicit knowledge (Pratt, Ainley, Kent, Levinson, Yogui, & Kapadia, 2011). This stands in stark contrast to data collected with the purposeful eradication of context. In keeping with Spiegelhalter's (2014) definitions of statistical problems, education can be termed a "small n, large p" enterprise where teachers encounter small pockets of students (ri) and collect vast amounts of tacit and explicit data (p) (p. 264). This data is linked to the context from which it emerges, but this is no longer considered a deficiency. Teachers encounter real problems that are "extremely complex in their context-dependence, and generally, dependent in reflexive ways on the subjective perceptions of different participant groups" (Pratt et al., 2011, p. …


Based on the experimental measurement results of fluid particle transverse accelerations in fully developed pipe turbulence published in Nature (2001) by La Porta et al, the present authors recently develop a multiscale statistical model which considers both normal diffusion in molecular scale and anomalous diffusion in vortex scale. This model gives rise to a new probability density function, called Power-Stretched Gaussian Distribution model (PSGD). In this study, we make a further comparison of this statistical distribution model with the well-known Levy distribution, Tsallis distribution and stretched-exponential distribution. Our model is found to have the following merits: 1) fewer parameters, 2) better fitting with experimental data, 3) more explicit physical interpretation.


The genetic variability of 96 accessions of oil palm (E. guineensis Jacq.) from Cameroon and Zaire with 20 microsatellite markers was determined. 59 alleles were detected with an average of 2.95, three loci were polymorphic with a PIC (Polymorphic Information Index) average 0.58. High genetic diversity, with a total heterozygosity of 0.46, and a high percentage of polymorphic loci of 90% was found. FST value was of 0.14, suggesting that in the populations of Cameroon and Zaire there is a moderate population structure. The observed heterozygosity (Ho = 0.67) was higher than expected heterozygosity (He = 0.42), demonstrating a low presence of homozygous. The parameters of population differentiation as the FIS and FIT confirmed a high number of heterozygotes with respect to expected under the conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Microsatellite allowed discriminating genotypes according to the origin place. The results obtained show that the collections of Cameroon and Zaire may be considered as a single population, with moderate population structure despite of the constant existent gene flow. These results could be used in future conservation programs, selection and genetic improvement of the species.


Abstract INTRODUCTION THE White Leghorn cockerel normally accumulates little fat in its adipose tissues. Presumably the dipose tissues are under homeostatic control which regulates the amount of fat in the adipose tissues. Control over homeostasis in the adipose tissues seems to reside in the hypothalamus since lesions in the ventromedial area of the hypothalamus cause hyperphagia and obesity (Lepkovsky and Yasuda, 1966); the lesions may have acted centrally and evoked urges to eat (appetite); or the lesions acted indirectly and upset homeostasis in the adipose tissues and elicited the accumulation of abnormally large amounts of fat in the depots. The accumulation of fat in the adipose tissues, evoked by the diversion of food energy to the depots, was accompanied by a compensatory increase in food intake. The objective of this study was to secure information on the effect of the forced feeding of excessive amounts of food into White Leghorn cockerels…


According to the "World bank's study of Natural disaster Hotspots", Peru is among the twentieth
most vulnerable countries to multiple natural hazards, ranking in the top 33 for a high economic risk
from multiple hazards and a high chance for a multiple hazard effect.(1) The country's landscape
variety allows multiple disaster sub groups to be present. Flooding and landslides have become an
everyday fare for several Peruvians in the past years. According to UNDP, at least thirty percent of
Peru's population lives in flood-prone areas and over fifty percent of Peru's land area is considered
as in high flooding risk.
In March 2017, Peru was suffering the worst flooding reported in years. El Nino phenomenon drove
an unusual set of heavy rains which affected several of Peru's vulnerable areas. The highest
precipitation recorded in decades extended from the Amazon and Highlands, which led to massive
destruction through mudslides and flooding, even reaching the high-density population areas in the
central and northern coastland. Flooding provoked by river overflows produced severe mudslides
which affected both rural and urban areas in 24 of the 25 departments, this triggered secondary
effects in security, shelter and health which worsened the situation.
In the past years, Peru has increased its mitigation efforts and has been applying tools for disaster
prevention and management with decentralization efforts. A cooperation plan which enables
collaboration between governments and non-government organizations is currently being
developed as field activity has demonstrated that certain efforts are delayed due to burochratic
issues.
The purpose of this risk profile is to analyze the events occurred the past year through a detailed
narrative. Highlighting the flaws, progress and strengths of the country's disaster approach by
describing the timely events will allow us to analyze the country's disaster risk management and
response from both a public health and anthropological perspective. The intention is not to criticize
but to foster recommendations from innovative and unnoticed simple efforts with potential impact
and that working towards them may lead us to better outcomes.


We describe the design motivation, architecture, deployment, and early operations of Expanse, a 5 Petaflop, heterogenous HPC system that entered production as an NSF-funded resource in December 2020 and will be operated on behalf of the national community for five years. Expanse will serve a broad range of computational science and engineering through a combination of standard batch-oriented services, and by extending the system to the broader CI ecosystem through science gateways, public cloud integration, support for high throughput computing, and composable systems. Expanse was procured, deployed, and put into production entirely during the COVID-19 pandemic, adhering to stringent public health guidelines throughout. Nevertheless, the planned production date of October 1, 2020 slipped by only two months, thanks to thorough planning, a dedicated team of technical and administrative experts, collaborative vendor partnerships, and a commitment to getting an important national computing resource to the community at a time of great need.


Concentrated lubrication used the lubrication method of single-line or double-line for a long time.Which wasn't judgment easily to give oil,the amount of oil was adequate.And what wasn't easy to find out the problem.Whether good lubrication was the key concerns of the equipment management personnel,This paper would analyze intelligence centralized lubricating technology application prospect in my company.


Reprinted with some condensations from the October and December, 1921, issues of this magazine (Volume VIII, Numbers 1 and 2), this is the text of an address prepared for the annual convention of the Music Supervisors National Conference held at St. Joseph, Missouri. The original title of the article was "Is Instrumental Music in Public Schools Justified by Actual Results?"


Michael Zbaraschuk's recent article, "Not Radical Enough: William Dean's Problems with God and History,"1 deserves a published re sponse, because it applies not only to my work but to that of many other philosophical theologians, some of whom read this journal. Before discussing the larger issues, I must attend to an item of scholarly housekeeping. Although Zbaraschuk draws narrowly, i.e., from only two of my books?History Making History (1988) and The Religious Critic in Ameri can Culture (1994)?he applies his arguments indiscriminately to my work as a totality, omitting most crucially the score of articles and the book written between 1994 and the present. Of course, there is nothing wrong with an analy sis of a narrow range of someone's writings?unless, as Zbaraschuk's does, it presents itself as an analysis of the full range of those writings. This problem is compounded by the fact that, during the years Zbaraschuk ignores, especially the later years, I was publishing some of the same arguments and revisions he faults me for never having made. Zbaraschuk does insert one piece of additional evidence, a paper I deliv ered in 1999 at the American Academy of Religion. Stunningly, he calls this my "latest effort" and opines that only "time will tell if this is a minor hiccup or the beginnings of a new direction in [my] work" (37, 50), never bothering to investigate the later publications that would have answered his question. Furthermore, he has selected for detailed analysis a never published paper? never published because I myself regarded it as unpublishable, exploratory, and speculative. Despite the above, Zbaraschuk deserves credit for challenging one aspect of my work?and, by implication, that of other philosophical theologians, especially during the period when some of us sailed under deconstructionist, neopragmatist, historicist, and other postmodern flags. I failed, he charges, to speak in a distinctively theological voice, one that moves beyond metaphys ics and morality; or, in his terms, I failed to demonstrate how my theological ideas "provide a religiously satisfying doctrine" (34). Although this is a protest


CRUZ VALDIVIA, Lizeth Gabriela, M.Sc. Universidade Federal de Viçosa, February, 2015. Categorification of the representation polinomial oh the álgebra of Weyl. Adviser: Marinês Guerreiro. In this dissertation we present a categorification of the Weyl algebra from an introductory study of the Theory of Algebraic Categorification involving basic concepts of categories and functors, with the objective of constructing the Grothendieck groups. We also present a detailed study of the categorification of the polynomial representations of Weyl algebra which are done by induction and restriction functors of appropriate categories.


The invention relates to a process for the preparation of 11bAryl-Estradienen for the application as a medicament. The aim of the invention is to provide novel-aryl-11b Estradiene with a new spectrum of activity. Erfindungsgemaess are new 11bAryl-Estradiene the general formula Ihergestellt, worinR2 a hydrogen atom, a methyl or ethyl group, R3 is a hydrogen atom or an acyl group, R 1 and A - B different meaning them.The new 11bAryl-Estradiene have antigestagenic and antimineralocorticoid effects.


This study aims to cluster countries according to the logistics performance index (LPI) 2018 data. LPI is one of the indicators for measuring logistics sector performance based on a survey developed by the World Bank since 2007 and has been widely accepted throughout the world. There are 160 countries involved in organizing the 2018 edition of the LPI. It helps countries to understand their current position and develop strategies and policies to improve their performance in world trade. Three clustering algorithms (i.e., k-means, k-medoids, and clustering large applications) are used. To obtain the optimal number of clusters, the elbow method is used. According to the elbow method, the optimal cluster is three for those three clustering algorithms. The countries belong to the first cluster are considered the best performers, while countries in the third cluster are the worst performance in terms of logistics performance. This study is expected to give an insight into how to implement clustering algorithms into the real-world data set and how to interpret the results


Higher buildings and pre-fabricated walls have resulted in an increase in the rate of occurrence of rain penetration. The forces that cause this water infiltration through modern walls are wind induced and can only be altered at the design stage. This paper describes an experimental and computational study of the processes of water ingress and proposes design features to minimize or eliminate them.


This paper deals with finding stationary solutions and periodic orbits of the planar restricted three body problem, when the smaller primary is a triaxial rigid body with one of the axes as the axis of symmetry and the bigger primary an oblate spheroidand the source of radiationwith equatorial plane of the primaries coinciding with the plane of the motion. It is further observed that the collinear points are unstable, while the triangular equilibrium points are stable for the range of mass parameter 0 crit     (the critical mass parameter). It is also observed that the triangular equilibrium points have long or short periodic elliptical orbits in the same range of μ.


This paper proceeds from the observation that social theory has made tremendous progress in understanding markets but has not yet come up with a proposal regarding how to link the instructive albeit occasionally contradicting concepts found therein. By analysing the present concepts in terms of their merits, compatibilities, and contradictions, we attempt to link and integrate the various existing insights in order to understand modern markets and their high complexity and dynamics. Therefore, we argue that more attention needs to be devoted to the disorder (or noise) that is being introduced in modern markets. We define the specific form of disorder on which modern markets rely as a recursive set of mutual observations in the form of competition on both sides of the market. These observations result in the projection of an inescapable and indecipherable audience and become effective through the formation of prices – processes by which complexity in modern markets increases and decreases at the same time.


The article for the first time presents documents from several archival CPSU collections kept in St. Petersburg and from the collections of the Communist Academy held at the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences. These documents testify against the image, wide-spread in current literature, that the conflict between N.I. Vavilov and the supporters of T.D. Lysenko was a competition between two rival academic schools for financial, material, and human resources. Already in the early attacks against Vavilov, which began in the years of the «cultural revolution», before T.D. Lysenko would emerge as a person of some importance among agronomists and plant breeders, the scientific content of the debates was rather negligible. In an ordinary situation, the debates would have never had the same tragic consequences as they had for many of their participants. From the very beginning, the criticism against Vavilov was initiated and controlled by Party bodies, and his opponents were mainly inspired by political, ideological considerations and the wish to advance their own careers. In 1932, N.I. Vavilov lost his former independence in personnel management and the control over institutions that he administered. The principal characteristics of «Lysenkoism» as a social-political practice in Soviet science formed before the struggle between geneticists and Lysenkoists. It was in the same years that the main accusations against N.I. Vavilov were first articulated: wrong research strategy, the lack of links with agricultural practice, the promotion of theories hostile to Marxism, and sympathies to bourgeois science.


This Special Issue focuses on the interaction between external and internal resources leading to building up and/or enhancing the innovation capabilities of firms in emerging Asian countries, with special references to the roles of universities and public research institutes in assisting local firms to develop innovative capabilities. The automotive sector has been selected as a case study. The results illustrate that the crucial internal factors are firms' technology strategy and strategic intent, learning process, and absorptive capacity, while the important external factors are demand and product life cycle, and regulation and policy environment.


Obese patients are known to metabolise anaesthetic agents more than patients of normal weight. The extent of this was investigated by the measurement of serum fluoride concentrations in 10 morbidly obese patients undergoing gastroplasty. Five were allocated to receive enflurane and five to receive isoflurane supplemented anaesthesia. The mean peak serum fluoride concentrations after enflurane anaesthesia were greater (22.7 μmol/litre, SE 2.9) than after isoflurane anaesthesia (6.5 μmol/ litre. SE 0.6). The mechanisms and implications of this finding are discussed.


Based on the artificial immune network algorithm, five-, six-and seven-parameter BRDF models are compared for different samples in this paper. Both of mean Square Error between the measured data and simulation results and the calculation time of these BRDF models are presented. The scopes of application of each BRDF models are discussed. And this kind of researches may provide help for selection of BRDF models for different samples.


promotion. 1. Need for making teachers critical of their work.-One of the most acute educational needs is that of training public-school teachers in service. As they enter the service teachers are typically untrained. Furthermore, tenure is short, the modal length of service being not more than two years. At least 175,000 teachers enter the service each year. Especially is this true in small towns and cities which receive the transients and which are really training centers for those who go on to the larger school systems. In large cities, there is a converse situation. There, long tenure is accompanied by relatively few "training" interruptions. Automatic salary increases tend, when taken with long tenure and lack of stimulating training, to reduce teachers to routine "trade-workers." Such teachers rarely develop an attitude of constructive criticism of their work.


We set out to evaluate the impact of volume‐targeted synchronized ventilation and conventional intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) on the early physiologic response to surfactant replacement therapy in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). We hypothesized that volume‐targeted, patient‐triggered synchronized ventilation would stabilize minute ventilation at a lower respiratory rate than that seen during volume‐targeted IMV, and that synchronization would improve oxygenation and decrease variation in measured tidal volume (Vt). This was a prospective, randomized study of 30 hospitalized neonates with RDS. Infants were randomly assigned to volume‐targeted ventilation using IMV (n = 10), synchronized IMV (SIMV; n = 10), or assist/control ventilation (A/C; n = 10) after meeting eligibility requirements and before initial surfactant treatment. Following measurements of arterial blood gases and cardiovascular and respiratory parameters, infants received surfactant. Infants were studied for 6 hr following surfactant treatment.


The paper presents a process of designing, modelling and manufacturing of a demonstrative prototype of a dualpower path gear unit to be applied in aeronautical systems of drive transmission. The process of making a demonstrator of a dual-power path gear unit by means of 3D-CAD modelling and Rapid Prototyping has been described here. Designing gears is based on Computer Aided Design (CAD), Computer Aided Engineering (CAE), Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) systems including also Rapid Prototyping (RP). The first stage of the designing process of a gear unit is always defining basic parameters of gear work (among others; power, rotational speed, transmission ratio) depending on the unit's predestination. On the basis of the above, the calculation of main constructional parameters is carried out. Subsequently, it is possible to make 3D-CAD models of toothed wheels and the remaining parts of the gear unit. In case of designing demonstrative prototypes, it is important to take into consideration the assumptions of modelling similarity to a real gear unit. 3D-CAD systems are often equipped with modules for analysing geometrical parameters and cooperation of individual parts of the unit for example the area of contact. A detailed analysis of cooperation of gear parts of the unit allows for detecting models' faults early and for deleting them. After making 3D-CAD models one can approach to creating a prototype by means of Rapid Prototyping methods. It is necessary to prepare the numerical data essential as a subsequent stage of the process of making the demonstrator. On that basis the individual parts of the gear unit are made in an incremental process. The accuracy of creating a physical prototype depends mainly on the accuracy of a 3D-CAD/3D-RP model prepared in a process of processing numerical data. A demonstrator described in the paper has been made by means of FDM method. The prototype allowed for analysing constructional solutions of gear units on a physical model and for preparing assumptions for introductory stand tests.


Based on the crop in northwest of China,the corncobs is used as fuel. Equipment for biomass gasification and heating was developed. The equipment has simple structure,low cost,and is easy to operate and maintain for farmers. The mathematical models of the key parts were built in the development,and the CFD was used to simulate and optimize the design of the equipment. The optimal structure of the equipment was obtained by experiments and structure improvements. The green and thermal design of prototype for the equipment was tested by professional agencies,which was consistent with indicator values. The equipment is a good choice for biomass-energy utilization technique.


Objective To detect the steroid sulfatase (STS) gene mutation in a Chinese pedigree with X-linked ichthyosis (XLI). Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 3 affected patients and unaffected members in this family and 50 unrelated healthy volunteers followed by the amplification of the exon 1 and exon 10 of STS gene by PCR. Results Complete deletion of the exon 1 to 10 of STS gene was detected in all the patients in this pedigree with XLI, while no mutation was found in this gene in unaffected members of this family or normal human controls. Conclusion The complete deletion of STS gene is likely to be the main cause of the phenotype of XLI in this family.


In this study, we investigated the intercalation of water and K+ to interlayer of Montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay by using the statistical mechanics theory of molecular liquids or three-dimensional reference interaction site model (3D-RISM). The results from 3D-RISM show that the distribution of water and K+ bound to the MMT's surfaces with different sites. Moreover, the results from 3D-RISM show the amount of water corresponds to the d-basal spacing of the clay, which are in good agreements with other simulation methods as well as experimental.


This study describes easy fabrication method for micro-lens array which has desired focal length in such a way that without the use of reflow technique. The process includes conventional lithographic process only which can be compatible with general semiconductor process. As constituent material, Negative photo-resist SU-8 with its developer PGMEA is used. Two main phenomena during lithography process are adjusted to expand the volume of the PR. During UV exposure, hardening proceeds from the top of the PR. Just after first exposure, using this property, very thin membrane on the top of the surface of the PR can be formed by short time exposure. In the development process, unexposed area of the PR is removed by chemical reaction with developer which causes the volume expansion if the unexposed area is covered with thin cured film. This method is to form the lens as the molecules in the volume are not easily escaped from the covered region. The thickness of the thin film depends on the exposure dose of 2mJ cm-2 μm-1 which determines the degree of expansion. The symmetrical volume expansion creates the membrane of lens shape and the focal length is directly related with second exposure dose. An extended research of affecting the change of the focal length of lens using volume expansion method by changing any other elements is discussed. This process can achieve a focal length selective for the applications of micro-optics.


The math is simple: men marry older and die younger than women. That means that many children born to older parents grow up with a dead father lurking in the background. My father died when I was eleven, which had a huge impact on me, so one of the first things I want to find out when I meet people is whether they lost their fathers. I think there is camaraderie among the people who lose their fathers early. I experienced that as soon as my father died; I made friends with a boy who seemed to hate me before.


This paper describes the patterns of worker turnover in selected Latin American countries and their implications for wage inequality. It documents a higher positive annual wage growth rate for job to job changers compared to stayers, due to turnover capturing the immediate gains from search behavior in the short run. Younger workers benefit relatively more from the positive effects of job to job changes, as expected. We also show that transitions are relatively higher within the informal sector for most countries, and particularly so for workers without college education. Moreover, total job separations and transitions from formal into informal employment occur more often among low-skill and young individuals. Next, the paper analyzes wage growth by percentiles for all workers and job-to-job movers for each country over a more extended period. We find that job to job changes are inequality reducing in the short run, consistent with search gains associated with turnover exhausting more rapidly for high-paid workers. In contrast, we find that human capital effects dominate the search effects in the long run, as human capital accumulates over time. Thus, long-run wage growth is lower for job changers than for stayers, so that, while in the short run the search effects tend to dominate those of human capital, in the long run the opposite occurs. As unskilled workers change jobs more frequently, this suggests that job changes are inequality increasing in the long run. A potential explanation for limited wage growth in Latin American economies may include high informality rates. Policies to reduce wage inequality should focus on improving the conditions for positive turnover towards better investment and, thus, higher-quality jobs.


abstract:In the "post-truth" world, it seems possible to say anything we want. Drawing on examples from Holocaust testimony and fiction, this article argues that truth is nevertheless a central issue for readers, critics, and citizens, even if it is complex, difficult to grasp, and ethically fraught. It suggests that rather than retreating into a simple notion of truth, we need more refined vocabularies for talking about issues of truth. The article explores the relationship between literature and truth by outlining three different but interrelated regimes of truth: truth as correspondence, as disclosure, and as interpretative dialogue.


The nature of construction projects requires the participation of parties with different skills. Clients, designers, contractors, subcontractors, suppliers and manufacturer are always party to a project. Diversity in interest and goals means dispute can occur where multiple parties are involved. For instance, construction projects in Nigeria experience breakdown due to disputes. This shows justification for this research, which addresses perceptions of construction stakeholders relative to dispute resolution in Nigeria. The descriptive survey research design was employed, and a questionnaire was used as the tool for data collection where eight dispute resolution mechanisms were identified and classified. The results ranked negotiation and mediation top among the mechanisms. However, negotiation was ranked high because it is perceived to be time and cost saving, while improving working relations. The study concluded that negotiation and mediation were effective alternative dispute resolution mechanism based on the dynamics of project relationships in Nigeria.


PURPOSE: A server for modeling a user interest pattern and a method thereof are provided to model the change of a user interest according to time by analyzing the content usage history of the user according to time. CONSTITUTION: A history collecting unit(51) collects the content usage history of a user. A keyword extracting unit(52) extracts a keyword from the content usage history. A time pattern extracting unit(53) extracts a first period pattern of the keyword. A keyword extension unit(54) extracts an extension keyword through the expansion of the keyword. A time pattern analyzer(55) analyzes a second period pattern of the extension keyword based on a time pattern. A pattern modeling unit(56) models the user pattern of the extension keyword and the keyword based on the first and the second period patterns.


. Let H ⊆ Z ⊆ 2 ω . Using only classical descriptive set theory we prove that if Borel functions from 2 ω to Z give as preimages of H all analytic subsets of 2 ω , then so do continuous injections. This strengthens a theorem Kechris proved by means of effective descriptive set theory.


PURPOSE: To achieve the suppression of dripping at a time of the exposure to open flame and the enhancement of photochemical properties by adding an aromatic polycarbonate resin and an elastomeric impact modifier coated with polytetrafluoroethylene. CONSTITUTION: 50-95 wt.% of an elastomeric impact modifier for a polycarbonate with an average diameter of 4,000 nm or less is added to an aq. suspension containing 50-5 wt.% of polytetrafluoroethylene and the resulting mixture is dried to obtain an impact modifier (B) for the polycarbonate coated with polytetrafluoroethylene. An aromatic polycarbonate resin (A) and 0.02-2 wt.% of the component B are mixed. COPYRIGHT: (C)1992,JPO


Nanomaterials are playing the more and more important role in electronic, biological, chemical and medical applications. In particular, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been attracting significant attention because of their unique characteristics.1 CNT electrodes and CNT-based reactors have been applied as electrodes in fuel cells,2,3 and reaction fields in biosensors,4,5 etc. The development of labon-a-chip (LOC) devices, a term for "micro-total analysis systems (μTAS)", for biochemical analyses has seen explosive growth over the past decade.6–8 LOC devices are now widely used in biology and biotechnology,9 DNA and proteins analysis,10,11 high throughput screening12 and chemical reactions.13 Various bio-substances are often analyzed by detecting the immune reaction between antigens in a sample solution or antibodies immobilized on micro channel surfaces using fluorescence detection and the surface Plasmon resonance method. In such applications, detection depends significantly on the contact surface. The design and creation of surfaces that have high surface per volume is currently one of the important issues in LOC and μTAS. Aim to develop a new simple Microreactor for bioanalysis, the high density vertically-aligned MWCNTs were synthesized by homemade equipment aided with the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Also, the wettability of the MWCNTs was investigated after Au coating and plasma irradiation by electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) for potential bioanalysis applications. Concept of fabricated 3D surface by vertically-aligned MWCNTs for micro reactor based μTAS


The hydrochemical analysis, and also estimation of growth and content of chlorophyll A in microalgae P. tricornutum, grown up in water from different areas of Peter the Great bay with high anthropogenous loading are carried out. Our researches have shown that growth of microalgae P. tricornutum in the water which has been selected at all investigated stations, differed from that in control, besides that hydrochemical indicators were within admissible norm. On the basis of the received data the investigated areas on degree of deterioration of ecological situation it is possible to arrange in a following order: southwest part of Peter the Great bay


In this paper,we theoretically investigate the effect of noise on the photoionization,the generation of the high-order harmonic and the attosecond pulse irradiated from a model He~+ ion.It shows that by properly adding noise fields,such as Gaussian white noise,random light or colored noise,both the ionization probabilities(IPs) and the harmonic yields can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude.Further,by tuning the noise intensity,a stochastic resonance-like curve is observed,showing the existence of an optimal noise in the ionization enhancement process.Finally,by superposing a properly selected harmonic,an intense attosecond pulse with a duration of 67 as is directly generated.


This paper presents a technology of the automated construction of a
thesaurus of a domain based on processing a corresponding text corpus of the
domain. The developed technology assists expert on each step of the construction
of a semantic resource by calculating sets of word-, phrase-, and relationcandidates
for including into a thesaurus.


Owing to the inherent central information processing and resource management ability, the cloud radio access network (C-RAN) is a promising network structure for an intelligent and simplified sixth-generation (6G) wireless network. Nevertheless, to further enhance the capacity and coverage, more radio remote heads (RRHs) as well as high-fidelity and low-latency fronthaul links are required, which may lead to high implementation cost. To address this issue, we propose to exploit the intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) as an alternative way to enhance the C-RAN, which is a low-cost and energy-efficient option. Specifically, we consider the uplink transmission where multi-antenna users communicate with the baseband unit (BBU) pool through multi-antenna RRHs and multiple IRSs are deployed between the users and RRHs. RRHs can conduct either point-to-point (P2P) compression or Wyner-Ziv coding to compress the received signals, which are then forwarded to the BBU pool through fronthaul links. We investigate the joint design and optimization of user transmit beamformers, IRS passive beamformers, and fronthaul compression noise covariance matrices to maximize the uplink sum rate subject to fronthaul capacity constraints under P2P compression and Wyner-Ziv coding. By exploiting the Arimoto-Blahut algorithm and semi-definite relaxation (SDR), we propose a successive convex approximation approach to solve non-convex problems, and two iterative algorithms corresponding to P2P compression and Wyner-Ziv coding are provided. Numerical results verify the performance gain brought about by deploying IRS in C-RAN and the superiority of the proposed joint design.


Vapor absorption refrigeration system (VARS) is one of the emerging technology in thermal-driven refrigeration systems and has too many benefits in comparison with another cooling system as their performance is good and the cost is low. Different mathematical models of various complexities have been developed for performance analysis, optimization, and design of such systems. In this study energy and exergy of a single effect LiBr vapor absorption refrigeration system is analyzed with different mathematical model developed so far. The effect of varying the temperature for each component of the system on the coefficient of performance (COP) and exergetic efficiency (COPex) is briefly discussed. The results show that increasing generator temperature from 86oc to 102oc for constant refrigerant mass flow rate causes COP of the system to increase, due to the decrease in circulation ratio. In another case, increasing the evaporator temperature from 2oc to 14oc for a constant temperature input of the generator has a positive effect on both the first and second law efficiency of the VARS as the load on the generator decrease. From the result, it can also be concluded that increasing absorber temperature has a negative impact on both COP and exergetic efficiency of VARS.


by JOHN R. ToPic and THERESA LANGE ToPic Department of Anthropology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ont., Canada. 12 iv 78 In June of 1977 we began an intensive survey of fortified sites in northern Peru. The literature on Peruvian prehistory contains many statements about the role of warfare in the development of indigenous civilizations and has formed the basis of some theoretical writings (Carneiro 1970). These interpretations are, however, based on very few data indeed. We felt that a much more realistic understanding of prehistoric militarism, its causes, and its effects could be gained if information were collected on the location, context, type, and date of all fortified sites in a 75 x 75-mi. test area of northern Peru. To this end, the first season's work concentrated in the Moche River drainage, an area reaching from the Pacific oast to the continental divide. The coastal part of the valley has already been well studied by the Moche Valley-Chan Chan Project, but above the 500-m contour level the valley is virtually unexplored. On the basis of the data from our survey of the valley and the information from the Viru' Valley to the south (Willey 1953), two sequences for the development of fortificationsa highland sequence and a coastal sequence-can tentatively be proposed. The earliest fortifications i the highland portion of the Moche watershed are tentatively dated to the early part of the Early Intermediate P riod (500 B.C. to 0). The defenses from this era consist of "great" walls constructed of locally available fieldstone toheights of 1.5 to 2 m, running for distances as great as 10 km. The walls trace a sinuous course which more or less parallels the 3,500-m contour line and divide the lower valleys, where rainfall agriculture is possible, from the higher, frost-prone jalca (which was apparently not yet intensively utilized). They are provided at infrequent intervals with small watch stations consisting of one to two rooms on low terraces at locations with a good view across the jalca. The purpose of the wall/watch-station c figurations was apparently to protect the scattered settlements ofthe valley from incursions by similar populations across the jalca. In the later part of the Early Intermediate P riod (0 to A.D. 500), the tendency is to agglutinate he population into large fortified settlements. These sites are built in defensible ocations (e.g., on hilltops, along ridges, on the jalca) and are provided with one or more surrounding walls and occasionally ditches. Site layout, size, and patterning ofthe defenses vary greatly from site to site, but there is a clear preoccupation with defense. No sites have yet been securely dated to the Middle Horizon (A.D. 500 to 1000), but the Late Intermediate Period (A.D. 1000 to 1476) witnesses a growing complexity inthe political organization of the area. A balance of power is struck in the Upper Moche drainage, with large independent sites dominating smaller satellite communities. The three dominant sites identified to date control (a) the best route north from the upper valley, (b) the southern bank of the Upper Moche River, including an important mining area, and (c) the best route ast across the continental divide. Trade sherds give some indication of the relations between the Upper Moche River groups and their neighbors. Chimu trade sherds (from the powerful coastal empire with its capital in the Moche Valley delta) are found throughout the area, but in small quantities, indicating very little Chimu penetration fits highland hinterland. Sherds of Cajamarca style, probably manufactured 90 km to the northeast, are found only on the north side of the valley; this distribution pattern may signify control of Cajamarca trade by the dominant site on the north side of the upper valley, Carpaico. Carpaico is the most impressive site on a fortified road which leads from the middle Moche Valley north to the jalca, and perhaps eventually to Cajamarca. Carpaico is typical of Late Intermediate P riod fortifications i the area in that it defends nonsettlement features of the cultural landscape. Carpaico itself is defended by massive terraces, but finely cut stone architecture suggests that it functioned more as an elite population centre than as a defensive site. Associated with Carpaico, however, are three small hilltop fortresses which are strategically located along the walled road. Probably dating to the Late Horizon (A.D. 1476-1532, the period of Inca hegemony) is a cluster of small habitation sites and extensive agricultural terraces covering over 5 km2. This complex, called Rogoday, is located 2 km north of Carpaico along the road. Some aspects of the Rogoday settlement, such as the numbers of rooms and the general tomb type, indicate a continuity with the Carpaico tradition. Ceramic evidence indicates little or no temporal overlap between the two sites, while the extensive terrace system, the architectural style, and the scarcity of trade sherds represent a distinct discontinuity with Carpaico. From these types of evidence, it is argued that Rogoday represents a forced resettlement of the Carpaico elite by the Inca, probably designed to disrupt coast-highland trade; the local elite were compensated for the loss of trade revenues by the increase in agricultural production allowed by the terrace system. The sequence through time in this part of the highlands thus shows several changes in emphasis in fortifications, mirroring changes in the economic base and in social organization. The small unagglutinated settlements of the early agriculturalists are defended communally by walling in the entire area under cultivation. Later, the population is concentrated into larger settlements, and these agglutinated sites themselves are defended. With the development oftrade routes and hierarchical patterning of sites, defense of communications routes is emphasized; small habitation sites continue to be walled, but dominant sites are more specialized in function and usually contain a small walled fortification distinct from the habitation area. The Inca apparently assured control of the zone in their traditional way, by restructuring local economic patterns to be responsive to Cuzco rather than to previous power centers. Fortifications i the Upper Moche drainage thus demonstrate 1 The fieldwork has been made possible through a grant from the Canada Council. We would like to also thank the Instituto Nacional de Cultura del Perii for allowing the survey.


The deposition of diamond phase carbon films on stainless steel substrates by an ionized deposition technique has been studied. A molybdenum grid used during argon ion sputtering had a decisive role in improving the morphology and adhesion ability of the substrate surface. The chemical composition of the surface was obtained by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, indicating the reduction of oxygen, carbon, and other contamination, while the surface morphology of the substrate obtained by scanning electron microscopy showed less roughness with a partially smooth surface. Attempts to extract the deposited films from the pretreated substrate surface by a superadhesive agent with an adhesion of 250 kg/cm^2 failed, yielding a much stronger adhesion for the pretreated surface. This fact was also supported by examining the surface morphology, hardness, and the resistivity of the films deposited on the same substrates. As for the crystal structure of diamond phase carbon films on stainless steel, selected area diffraction patterns obtained from transmission electron microscopy suggested a mixture of amorphous carbon and polycrystalline diamond components.


Abstract On the eve of World War II and after the defeat of France, keepers of order, no matter what their ideological bent, were convinced of a connection between Marcel Carné's 1938 adaptation of Pierre Mac Orlan's Quai des brumes (1927) and the mood of the times. The unsavoury spectrum of masculinities made visible on-screen served dramatically to confirm national self-doubt. Attentive to the nexus of masculinity and national identity, critics then and now have overlooked the troubling transformation of the novel's female character, a prostitute, into an orphan in Carné's film and the shared feminine fate of survival. This article compares the female survivor of Mac Orlan's fantastique social to her counterpart as rendered by Carné in the hazy cinematic language of poetic realism. Ostensibly a refuge, femininity in Carné's film rather must be understood through the overt political charge of Mac Orlan's prior invention.


The fact that the crystal lattice is discrete, i. e., that the energy of a dislocation varies periodically during its translation, shows up in a limited number of experiments. The interaction potential of the dislocation lattice gives rise to the socalled Peierls potential (this is the potential which a straight dislocation running parallel to one of the crystallographic directions sees when it moves through the crystal) and to the kink potential (this is the periodic potential which a kink in a dislocation sees due to the periodicity of the crystal along the direction of a straight dislocation line). The main properties of the Peierls potential and the kink potential will be reviewed. It is believed that the Bordoni relaxation is caused by the Peierls potential. The primary properties of the Bordoni relaxation may be understood by considering the formation of double kinks in the Peierls potential, whereas an explanation of the secondary properties must take into account the migration of kinks in addition. The present status of the theory and its verification by experiments on f. c. c. metals will be considered. In the diamond structure the Peierls energy is particularly large. It can be studied in plastic deformation experiments. In this structure it is feasible that the kink potential is large enough to give rise to a relaxation effect at easily accessible temperatures. Some experiments that may be pertinent will be discussed.


In summary, the message of this encyclical is that God knew what he was doing when he created man and woman, their marital and sexual relationship, and the delights and the demands of true love. In God's plan, sexual intercourse is exclusively a marriage act, and within marriage it must be a true marriage act, a symbolic renewal of their marriage covenant. Contraceptive behaviors contradict God's plan. When married couples live out the plan of God, they and their families and the entire culture will benefit. This is the divine truth about human love, and the Church must keep on proclaiming it. When they have sufficient need, couples can practice natural family planning. The Church must do what it can to help couples develop the virtues necessary to live the demands of love and to provide whatever practical help it can through its bishops and priests, scientists and doctors, and couples helping other couples.


A 3-D magnetic recording using microwave-assisted magnetic recording (MAMR) and a spin-torque oscillator (STO) as a reading sensor has been proposed as a candidate for the prospective recording technologies. In the STO reading system, the temporal magnetization dynamics of the STO vary not only in amplitude but also in frequency, depending on the recorded pattern. Therefore, we have constructed the STO signal model which considers both amplitude and frequency fluctuations to develop a combined signal processing using the detection of amplitude and frequency fluctuations. Furthermore, we have applied the STO signal model to the low-density parity-check (LDPC) coding and iterative decoding system with the detectors for amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) and have proposed the AM–FM combined detection. Then, we have evaluated the bit error rate (BER) performances by computer simulation. The results show that the system with AM–FM combined detection improves the performance of the LDPC coding and iterative decoding system, which achieves "no errors" at the carrier-to-noise ratio for system noise (CNR<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{S}) = 15.9$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB, whereas the AM and FM detections require CNR<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{S} = 21.2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and 17.2 dB.


Sentencing juveniles to life-without-parole (JLWOP) is a practice fraught with ethical dilemmas. Through in-depth interviews with 11 men living sentences of JLWOP, their narratives of their backgrounds and experiences as juveniles were studied. Common themes were identified, and 3 general categories of cases emerged from the narratives. Ethical and social policy issues surrounding this currently most extreme punishment for minors are discussed.


In this paper, we study Grover's search algorithm focusing on continuous-time quantum walk on graphs. We propose an alternative optimization approach to Grover's algorithm on graphs that can be summarized as follows: instead of finding specific graph topologies convenient for the related quantum walk, we fix the graph topology and vary the underlying graph Laplacians. As a result, we search for the most appropriate analytical structure on graphs endowed with fixed topologies yielding better search outcomes. We discuss strategies to investigate the optimality of Grover's algorithm and provide an example with an easy tunable graph Laplacian to investigate our ideas.


The purpose of the paper is to develop a research framework of just-in-sequence –as refinement of just-in-time– and to analyze the potential and limitations of this concept empirically. For this study, more than 20 managers from the automotive industry were asked about their estimations in this regard. This paper discusses how just-in-sequence can unfold its potential to improve the delivery process by providing parts in a predefined sequence so that exactly the right part is delivered to the manufacturer's production process when it is needed to produce a particular variant. In order to identify the parts that are suitable for just-in-sequence, a conceptual model is presented in this paper. Furthermore, the key requirements for supplier selection are analyzed. The main implications of the empirical study are that managers express the need for just-in-sequence but also see problems such as quality and supplier dependability.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To create data for drawing road signs with a light load.SOLUTION: A road network database and a drawing database (polygon data) are prepared. Further, a road-sign rule database for ruling the shape and location when a road sign is drawn is prepared. The system groups various links and nodes to be processed collectively on the basis of the road network data, sets an intersection area, etc. and then generates a cross-walk and a road white line with reference to the rule of the road-sign rule database. In this generation process, no photograph of a road sign is required. Thus, road sign data can be generated with a light load without a need to conduct a field survey such as photographing, by generating data concerning a road white line, etc. with reference to the road-sign rule database which stores the same rules as those to be used in actually drawing a road sign.


We present the simultaneous electro-optical and electro-mechanical effects in the nematic elastomers swollen by a low molecular- mass liquid crystal (LMMLC). Under electric fields normal to the initial director, the swollen nematic elastomers exhibit a pronounced change in effective birefringence as a result of director rotation, and they also show a macroscopic strain of more than 10%. This paper mainly focuses on the dynamic aspect of this phenomenon. We evaluate the rise and decay times for the electro-optical and electro-mechanical effects in response to "field-on" and "field-off". The rise time for the optical response at sufficiently high fields reaches a few milliseconds which are comparable to that of LMMLCs. The optical decay times lie about 5 ms (independently of field strength) that is more than two orders of magnitude smaller than that of LMMLCs with the similar cell thickness, because the modulus of rubber elasticity overwhelms the Frank elasticity. The mechanical response is slower than the optical response, but the ratio of the two characteristic times (about 10) is almost independent of field strength as well as whether the field is imposed or removed.


Apart from its setting in the hills of Berkeley, Calif., Gilman Hall, at first I blush, doesn't appear much different from any other university research facilities or structures of its era on this campus of the University of California system. It is only when one steps inside— and begins to notice the commemorative plaques and other honors attached to its walls—that a visitor can be nearly overwhelmed with a sense of the numerous "great moments" in the history of 20th-century science that took place there. The most recent honor is the designation of Gilman Hall as a National Historic Chemical Landmark by the American Chemical Society. Already, Gilman Hall Room 307, where plutonium was first identified as a chemical element, had been named a National Historic Landmark by the National Park Service. ACS President Paul S. Anderson and President-elect Paul H. L. Walter were on hand to present the landmark plaque to Alexis T. Bell, ...


This paper presents various perspectives in studying cultural universal patterns. The focus is placed on the examples drawn from Serbian sources/culture, accentuating myth and tale texts, contrasting and comparing them with Serbian rituals and other cultural phenomena. In this sense, I have chosen to analyze one of the most famous and most complex Serbian tales known as 'Bas Celik', which illustrates formations of the specific structural patterns on a synchronic level. This research also allows studying communication possibilities, that is, transmission and creation of identical contents/information. My previous research on the subject, as well as this one, has allowed a hypothesis based on the presence of identical or similar contents and structures within dreams and tales, as well in folk beliefs. It has become clear that these motives do not represent a direct borrowing but were created independently regardless of the actual contents of particular dreams and tales. This could also be applied to the presence of specific symmetrical and harmoniously organized structural models in myths and rituals. A good example is an appearance of 19 structural patterns which characterize universal frame, i.e., as features of different cultural and natural phenomena. Taking all said into account, it could be argued that the understanding of this particular phenomenon requires an idea of connection of the mind and substance within a unique field that does not recognize spatial and timely limitations, corresponding thus to Levi-Strauss and Jungian models of understandings, in analyzing cultural phenomena and reality.


(4) Kimi wondered [how ___arb to exonerate oneself] Different theories of control account for the range of possibilities available in the identification of the antecedent, from unique to arbitrary, by either positing different silent elements in infinitival structures, or by dividing control predicates into different lexical classes. Under the former approach, it is customary to distinguish between obligatory control (OC), as in (1) and nonobligatory control (NOC), as in (4), with various intermediary cases (Chomsky 1981, Koster 1984, Hornstein 2000, 2003, among many others). Each subtype is associated with a different type of empty category: in OC complements it is either PRO or trace of movement, in NOC, it is a null pronominal (pro). Under


2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 Anténor Firmin was a pioneering anthropologist in the nineteenth century whose major work, De l'égalité des races humaines (Anthropologie positive) was published in Paris in 1885 and was largely ignored or dismissed as a foundational text in anthropology (Fluehr-Lobban 2000). The text only recently has been recovered, translated, and introduced into English as The Equality of the Human Races (Positivist Anthropology) (2000), 115 years after its original publication. Thus, it is being evaluated as an anthropology text for the first time after 2000. Firmin was one of two Haitian members of the Paris Anthropology Society from 1884–88, during his years in France as a Haitian emissary, although apparently his name remained on the roster until years after his death in 1911 (personal communication Ghislaine Geloin).1 Although a member of the Société who attended many of its meetings his voice was effectively silenced by the racialist physical anthropology dominant at the time, and by his race. In the Memoires that provide a transcript of the Société's deliberations, apparently Firmin rose to speak only twice, and on both occasions he was silenced by racialist or racist comments. At one point he rose to challenge the biological determination of race that pervaded the prevailing physical anthropology of Broca and others when he was confronted by Clemence Royer (a pioneering woman of science who translated Darwin's Origin of Species into French), who asked Firmin if his intellectual ability and presence in the Société were not the result of some white ancestry he might possess. Firmin tells us in his own words in the preface to The Equality of the Human Races that he wanted to debate those who "divide the human species into superior and inferior races" but he feared his request would be rejected. "Common sense told me that I was right to hesitate. It was then that I conceived the idea of writing this book" (2000:liv). We now know that a signed copy conveying "Hommage respective à La Société d'anthropologie de Paris, A Firmin" was 9. Anténor Firmin, Nineteenth-Century Pioneeering Anthropologist


This study examines possible gender differences among personnel of the New Zealand Police (NZP). Prior research suggests that male and female officers may have similar workplace perceptions. Therefore, two questions guide this study: (a) In terms of perceptions of the workplace, including job satisfaction, level of perceived support, and fairness of their supervisors, are female and male sworn officers in the NZP more like each other or their same-gender nonsworn cohort? (b) What are the effects of variables such as ethnicity, age, length of service, type of work assignment, work location, and orientations toward policing on the relationships between perceptions of the workplace, gender, and sworn status? The analyses suggest that although the men and women who provide policing services in New Zealand have many similar views on policing, their perspectives are due to some what different sets of forces. The policy implications of the findings are also addressed.


Abstract Objectives Deficiency of calcium and vitamin D is a common finding in postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). However, the effect of cigarette smoking on the serum levels of calcium and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] remains inconclusive. Methods The data of 432 inpatients with PMOP between January 2016 and October 2019 were collected from the hospital information system of the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University. The associations between smoking habits and serum calcium and 25(OH)D levels were analyzed by multiple linear regression. The intensity and duration of smoking were also conducted in the analysis to detect the dose-dependent effect of cigarette smoking. Results Significant differences were found between smokers and never smokers regarding serum calcium and 25(OH)D levels. The multiple linear regression model showed significant negative associations of the daily number of cigarette smoking and the smoking durations with the serum calcium and 25(OH)D levels. Moreover, the effect of smoking on the decreased levels of serum calcium and 25(OH)D showed a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions Cigarette smoking was negatively associated with the serum calcium and 25(OH)D levels in patients with PMOP. Early detection of serum calcium and 25(OH)D may contribute to predicting fracture risk, and smoking cessation intervention is necessary for patients with POMP.


Beginning with the 2010 decennial census, the U.S. Census Bureau plans to drop its long-form questionnaire and to replace it with the American Community Survey (ACS). The resulting absence of the larger sample provided by the census count will complicate the measurement and analysis of internal migration flows. In addition, the strategy of averaging accumulated samples over time will mix changing migration patterns. The migration question will refer to a one-year time interval instead of the five-year interval used in the censuses between 1960 and 2000, complicating historical comparisons and the production of multiregional projections based on five-year age groups. Consequently, students of territorial mobility increasingly will find it necessary to complement or augment possibly inadequate data collected on migration with estimates obtained by means of "indirect estimation." A method is presented that allows one to infer age-specific directional migration propensities at the regional level from birthplace-specific infant population data, which approximates infant migration propensities, and from these infers the migration propensities of all other ages. The method is applied to at the nine-division spatial scale.