Considering the characteristics and demands of remanufacturing production,this paper proposed a P2P network model named ReMIS which was used to support remanufacturing information sharing.In order to meet the requirement of highly dynamic of remanufacturing network,the model employed a two-layer topology consisted of physical clusters and topic clusters.The upper layer was topic network composed of topic peers.And the lower layer was P2P network formed by common peers.The application of topic cluster in resources classification and retrieval mechanism ensured a high performance of routing and query,as well it could reduce the semantics conflicts in production.In addition,the publish/subscribe mechanism enabled the remanufacturing firms to gain real-time information.The performance analysis of ReMIS show that it is efficient and effective,and it can adapt to the practical needs of remanufacturing production systems.


RATIONALE
In view of the unique properties of wooden materials as an electrospray emitter, a novel wooden capillary electrospray ionization (WC-ESI) device was fabricated. The performance of wooden capillary as an electrospray emitter was investigated by using a wooden capillary instead of the metal emitter of commercial electrospray ion sources.

METHODS
The mass spectrometric measurement of baicalein, emodin and myoglobin was carried out by using wooden capillary (WC) and metal capillary (MC) electrospray ion sources. Contrastive analysis of signal intensity between WC and MC electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was implemented at different sample flow rates. The effect of WC-ESI-MS and MC-ESI-MS was evaluated experimentally with electrospray solutions in different solvent ratios.

RESULTS
As a whole, the signal generated by WC-ESI-MS is much stronger than that of metal capillary electrospray. In particular, the signal of MS in negative ion mode is very strong, which may solve the problem of low signal of MS in negative ion mode for a long time, and fully improve the detection efficiency of ESI-MS.

CONCLUSIONS
The signal intensity produced by WC-ESI-MS is significantly higher than that of MC-ESI-MS, and the polymerization and electrolysis are reduced, thus the spectra become simpler. In addition, it is also tolerant to high flow rates and high aqueous phase samples.


1 Review 1.1 Overview 1.2 Solid-phase organic synthesis (SPOS) 1.3 Beyond conventional solid-phase organic synthesis 1.4 The review 1.5 Some definitions 1.6 Solid-supported reagents and scavengers 1.7 Multi-step use of solid-supported reagents and scavenging reagents 1.8 Conclusions and future perspective 2 Introduction to the tables 2.1 Organisation of tables (reagent and catalyst section) 2.2 Representative data entry (reagent and catalyst section) 2.3 Organisation of tables (scavenging agents section) 2.4 Representative data entry (scavenging agents section) 3 Tables of reagents and catalysts 4 Tables of scavengers 5 Other relevant reviews 5.1 Insoluble polymers 5.1.1 Structure and physical properties (insoluble polymers) 5.1.2 General (insoluble polymers) 5.1.3 Reactions (insoluble polymers) 5.1.4 Miscellaneous (insoluble polymers) 5.2 Soluble polymers 5.2.1 General (soluble polymers) 5.2.2 Reactions (soluble polymers) 5.3 Inorganic solids 5.3.1 Structure and physical properties (inorganic solids) 5.3.2 General (inorganic solids) 5.3.3 Reactions (inorganic solids) 5.3.4 Miscellaneous (inorganic solids) 5.4 Miscellaneous supports 5.4.1 Structure and physical properties (miscellaneous supports) 5.4.2 General (miscellaneous supports) 5.4.3 Reactions (miscellaneous supports) 5.4.4 Miscellaneous (miscellaneous supports) 5.5 Purification strategies 5.5.1 Various supports (purification strategies) 5.5.2 Insoluble polymers (purification strategies) 6 Acknowledgements 7 Abbreviations 8 References 1 Review


Marriage is a core institution in almost every human society, including small‐scale societies based on foraging or subsistence agriculture. A crucial dimension of the marriage systems in such societies involves endogamy and exogamy, that is, the choice of a marriage partner from within one's own community or from an outside community. We develop a model in which the exogamy rate is higher when good local matches are scarce due to small community sizes, and when productivity differs across communities due to environmental shocks. These theoretical predictions are supported by econometric analysis of data from the standard cross‐cultural sample.


this study was designed with an aim to examine factors associated with these deaths in Sari. In this descriptive-analytical and retrospective study, all children from one month to 5 years old who were admitted to and died in Bu Ali Hospital during 2009 were studied. Data were collected through questionnaire and studying medical records of 1 month to 5-year-old children and then were analyzed by SPSS software.Among 2417 children aging 1 month to 5 years old, 72/2% were male and others were female, and 72/2% of infant death was for 1 month to 1-year-old children, and also the most common cause of death was due to cardiac arrest (44/4%). According to this study there was a meaningful relationship between the numbers of twins, maternal age in childbirth, and frequency of pregnancy care with the mortality rate of children under the age of 5. But there was not any meaningful relationship with other variables.Special attention to children under the age of 5, special care for high risk mothers, providing health education, and special care of mothers can play an effective role in reducing infant mortality.


Objective To explore the quality of the reporting of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in the Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine from 1999 to 2004. Methods A manual search was performed and the 22 checklists of CONSORT statement and other self-established criteria were applied.Results Six volumes and 72 issues were checked. There were 1 874 clinical trials of which 1288 (68.73%) RCTs were identified in 2 765 articles. Randomization methods were described in 630 (48.92%) RCTs which showed there was more significant difference than the RCTs published in 1998 (P0.001).In the 1288 RCTs, placebo control was reported only in 21 trials (1.63%) and endpoint measurements were reported in 114 trials (8.85%). Seven trials (0.55%) mentioned the estimation of sample size. None mentioned randomization concealment. Blinding was reported in 54 trials (4.2%) and P value was reported in 9 trials (0.70%).Flow chart was not mentioned in any trials. Compliance was reported in 2 trials (0.16%), and only one trial (0.08%) reported negative results. Ancillary analysis was used in 33 trials (2.57%). 10 trials are multi-centre RCTs. None of the trials reported the approval of ethics committee. Informed consent was reported in 3 trials (0.24%). Acknowledgements were mentioned in 3 trials (0.24%). Syndrome types defined by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) were reported in 163 trials (12.66%). The criteria of intervention quality control was mentioned in 2 trials (0.15%). Double dummy was used in 8 trials (0.63%) and outcome measurement of TCM was reported in 258 trials (20.04%). All Items reported in RCTs were of low quality. Conclusions The quality of reporting of RCTs published in the Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine from 1999 to 2004 has been improved, but it does not meet the CONSORT statement.


Background: The importance and health benefits of vitamin E are well known, while the nutritional requirements of older adults are different from those of younger adults. Objective: This study investigated the quantity of dietary vitamin E intake by gender and age groups among older Japanese adults. Methods: A total of 617 eligible participants (516 men and 101 women) aged 55 to 75 years were recruited from 10 districts or prefectures in central and southern Japan. A validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire was administered face-to-face to obtain information on habitual food and beverage consumption. Dietary vitamin E intake was derived from the Japanese food composition tables. Results: Men had significantly lower habitual intake of vitamin E (mean 5.89, SD 2.60 mg/day) than women (mean 6.73, SD 2.84 mg/day) overall (p = 0.004) and across older age groups 61-70 and 71-75 years. However, their intake levels did not vary substantially between age groups. The Japanese government has recommended an intake level of 7.0 mg per day for men and 6.5 mg per day for women. It is alarming that 72% of participants did not have sufficient intake of vitamin E from dietary sources. Conclusion: Older Japanese adults especially men should be encouraged to increase their dietary intake of vitamin E in order to maintain their health and well-being.


Using the high density electrical method meter,used Schlumberger array to install to the Qinhe river main dike some contract section has carried on the electronic resistivity CT survey.In dam stave,subsidence,crack as well as cavern and so on hidden danger spot even clear reflections.The rivers and streams dam is its basin area people personal safety and property safeguard,is relates the peaceful country and safe people the important matter.Has the important value and the significance to the Qinhe river main dike's hidden danger survey.By the electronic resistivity image formation's method utilization,causes the explanation work to be more convenient and to be direct-viewing,and has the good usability,the validity and the feasibility.


Pragmatic ambiguity is unavoidable in the process of language use.Though ambiguity is likely to make the exact expression of language and information transmission difficult,it is not always a negative phenomenon.Positively employed,ambiguity can express delicate feelings and produce special aesthetic effects.


The article analyzes the current pedagogical conditions, factors, stages, components, methods of directing research activities in future economists. The article also examines the pedagogical-hierarchical system of forms of manifestation of research skills in future economists.


been recorded. Published or well-known MSS. have been noticed if there is any striking variation or other particular point of interest". Hence we may take it that the manuscripts of common works here registered—e.g. Manu, Yajfiavalkya, and the like—are of value for the critical study of their texts ; and the other works, especially the digests composed by Maithila pandits, will appeal to specialists as characteristic products of the study of Hindu law and ritual which has long flourished in the region under survey, while No. 295, which seems to have crept into this volume by a technical oversight, is a portion of Eatnapani's Mithilesacarita, a history of the present dynasty of Darbhanga. The workmanship of this catalogue is good and sound, and there is little to desiderate in it except an index of scribes and patrons, which would be a useful addition.


A new approach to the preparation of biologically pure human urinary follicle stimulating hormone from human menopausal urine was performed. A crude human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) with an activity of about 80-90 IU per mg was applied to a column filled with DEAE-cellulose, which had been previously equilibrated with 0.005M ammonium acetate buffer, pH 8.5. By a sodium chloride gradient' method on a variable gradient apparatus, the fraction of 0.08-0.12M sodium chloride concentration had 3 to 4 times higher in specific activity than the starting material. The active fraction was pooled, and was further purified by the gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 and the chromatography on CM-Sephadex C-25. This procedure yielded urinary FSH with an activity of more than 830 IU per mg.A homogeneous ultracentrifuge pattern was observed with this purified product, however, only faint-stained minor components still remained in the disc gel electrophoresis for further investigation. An isoelectric point of this. product estimated by the electrofocusing method was about pH 4.0. The LH/FSH ratio of our purified urinary FSH was less than 0.1.


e17524 Background: To report the techniques and results of a large cohort of patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using image-guided helical intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and FDG-PET assisted targeting. Methods: Between February 2005 and August 2010, 79 patients with stage 1 NSCLC were treated with SBRT. 59 patients had T1 tumors and 20 patients had T2 tumors. 62 patients had biopsy proven malignancies and 17 patients were treated empirically based on strong clinical indications. Central tumor location did not disqualify patients. All patients underwent FDG-PET or FDG-PET/CT scanning in the treatment position for planned fusion with a separate kilovoltage (KV) CT simulation. Rigid immobilization was achieved during CT simulation using a double vacuum cast device with abdominal compression. SBRT was delivered via 12 Gy x 4 or 12 Gy x 5 fractionation scheme (48-60 Gy total). Megavoltage CT images were obtained on the tr...


Summary Empirical evidence has abundantly demonstrated that people report an intermediate level of tension for triadic interpersonal relations of the classical Heiderian P-O-X type, when the P/O link is negative. Low tension is found in balanced triads and high tension in imbalanced ones when the P/O bond is positive. This paper postulates that the opposing forces of balance and of agreement found in all four P-O-X triads in which the P/O bond is negative, in addition to Newcomb's lack of engagement hypothesis, may also account for the intermediate level of tension found in practically all experiments in this area. Subjects were grouped as Hi and Lo Conformists according to the C Scale of the Comrey Personality Scales, and later asked to rate hypothetical triads with a negative P/O bond. The results confirmed the hypotheses that Hi Conformists, who supposedly value agreement with others more than Lo Conformists (or are less bothered by disagreement than the latter), report significantly less tension and l...


A discussion is given on the history of the development of EDI in the automotive industry in Europe and the manner in which it is in use today. The issues discussed are taken from experience within the UK but are also known to be true for other countries. It must be emphasised, however, that the author talks about the situation as he sees it and the opinions are not necessarily those of the automotive industry in the UK. He argues that EDI messages must be used integrally to close a business cycle in order for the real added value to come through. Error free communication can only be achieved with the use of bar coded transport labels and auto reading of the data. In order to achieve this there must be true partnerships, with manufacturer and supplier working in harmony to achieve mutual benefit. There will need to be some investment, but the benefits can be returned within a relatively short time. >


Patent disputes between branded and generic pharmaceutical manufacturers are often settled with financial compensation from the brand (the patent holder) to the generic (the alleged infringer), along with restrictions on the generic's entry date. Such agreements are known as "reverse payment" settlements. To quantify the effect of reverse payment settlements on the timing of generic entry, we propose using bargaining theory to infer the unobserved patent strength from the firms' observed settlement choice. The estimated patent strength can then be used to construct a counterfactual world without reverse payments. Applying our framework to the specific case of the drug Lamictal (lamotrigine), we find that the settlement the firms reached likely delayed generic entry, costing buyers of lamotrigine tablets more than $100 million in the form of higher drug prices.


Nucleic acid molecules and multimeric proteins capable of binding the growth factor vascular endothelial (VEGF). Are disclosed the VEGF traps are therapeutically useful for treating diseases and conditions which are related to VEGF and are specifically designed for local administration to specific organs, tissues and / or cells.


This paper gives a variant Newton's Iteration method and proves the order convergence of the variant method .The orders of convergence of the variant method is three,when the parameter r is equal to 1/2. The orders of convergence of the variant method is two,when the parameter r is not equal to 1/2.In the end,numerical tests show that the variant method has some more advantages than the Newton's Iteration method.


: This article takes on the idea that, at least in some contexts, when producing manuscripts certain protagonists were learning, fostering and promoting mathematical astronomy. It also seeks to improve our understanding of the articulations between producing astronomical manuscripts and other astronomical practices in the specific context of late medieval Europe. In tackling this issue one is compelled to rely on approaches used within the history of mathematical astronomy and those of manuscript cultures. In so doing, I focus on two manuscripts both relating to the same protagonist: Conrad Heingarter, a fifteenth-century astrologer cum physician in France. By analysing the material, decorative and intellectual aspects of BnF lat. 7197 and BnF lat. 7432 I will re-veal how the first is a student manuscript produced during Heingarter's university years, whereas the second is a presentation manuscript intended to show-case Heingarter's competence in a specific courtly context.


The article examines the problem of the lexicographical process as far as various means of euphemization are concerned. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of euphemisms represented in the dictionaries under consideration shows the strong correlation between the type of euphemisms and the degree of their availability in the dictionaries. An attempt is made to explain why lexical and phonetic means of euphemization dominate over morphological and syntactical ones in the lexicographical process. The examples given show that such means of euphemization as metaphors, metonymies and phonetic alterations of the word to be substituted are characterized by regular representation in modern dictionaries. It is the relatively standard form and meaning of these euphemisms that make the lexicographical process much easier. In this article, such a property is referred to as linguistic limitation. It means that some euphemisms are supposed to correlate with certain constructions. As a result, the number of euphemisms to enter the dictionaries is restricted. On the other hand, euphemisms formed by means of morphological and syntactical alterations of the word to be substituted are practically not represented in the dictionaries under study as they to a large degree depend on the context. Such euphemisms are characterized by a wide variety of grammatical and syntactical means of euphemization. This kind of investigation can explain why euphemisms are considered to be difficult to introduce into modern dictionaries.


Capturing user attention and selling it to advertisers has long served as the basic economic model for online media. In this thesis, I investigate these companies' growing desire to go deeper—to plumb their users' hearts and minds, to transform their emotions into quantifiable data, and to sell those feelings to marketers. To shed light on the recent history of this trend, I take up the website Upworthy as a key case study in online publishers' efforts to negotiate an attention economy in flux. By analyzing the evolving methods Upworthy used to capture, measure, and sell reader attention to clients, I trace their audience engagement and revenue generation strategies along a trajectory from attention to emotion to empathy. As the attention economy becomes more complex, the perceived need to monitor and measure the psychological, emotional, and affective dimensions of user engagement grows. Biometric emotion-detection technology provides a means to examine the ramifications of these proliferating forms of psychological surveillance and datafication, including their potential to reinforce hegemonic emotional norms. Finally, with the possibility of what I call the "empathy economy" on the horizon, I consider empathy's political implications, the intimate data and sensitive technology that such an economy would require, and the forms of emotional commodification, standardization, and optimization it could engender.


The data of Zhangzhou rice regional trial from the year 2003 to 2008 were analyzed.The results indicated that three-line hybrid rice was the main type in Zhangzhou rice regional trial,and Teyou combinations were the most varieties of that;in improvement of indica rice varieties in Zhangzhou,the average yield of 2008 increased very significantly than that of 2003,grain appearance quality was improved significantly,but resistance to main pests was not improved obviously compared to that in 2003.Proper heightening plant would play an important role indirectly to increase yield.Based on suitable number of effective panicle and grains per panicle,it was very important to increace 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate to improve the yield.strategies were proposed for raising the breeding level further.


Three trials were conducted to determine the effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on reproductive functions of lactating Holstein dairy cows. In Trial 1, 49 cows were used to investigate the effects of 0, 320 or 640 mg of rbST in a sustained-release formulation injected every 28 d on plasma progesterone (P4) concentration during estrous cycles. Total P4 area and P4 mean were increased (P < 0.05) in rbST-treated cows during the 1st and 2nd detected estrous cycle post-rbST injection. Maximum P4 value, slope of the P4 decline and length of cycles were not affected by rbST treatment. In Trial 2, 56 cows were used to investigate the effects of 0, 320, 640 and 960 mg of rbST in a sustained-release preparation injected every 28 d on plasma P4 concentration from weeks 1 to 34 of pregnancy. Mean P4 was increased (P = 0.08) in rbST-treated cows proportionally to the rbST dose received. In Trial 3, 18 cows were used to investigate the effects of 0 or 25 mg d−1 of rbST injected from days 3 to 15 postpart...


The effects of aluminum on ATPase activity and lipid composition of the plasma membranes isolated from root tips of Al-tolerant (Altas 66) or Al-sensitive (Scout 66) cultivar of Triticum aestivum L. was assayed. The results showed that both cultivars had similar changes in H+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activities after aluminum treatment. Exposure of both cultivars to 20 and 100 (mol/L aluminum for 5 d significantly decreased the activities of Ca2 + -ATPase of plasma membranes. The activities of H+-ATPase in plasma membrane increased under 20 μmol/L aluminum and decreased at 100 u.mol/L aluminum. With aluminum treatment, the PL content of plasma membrane decreased, but GL content increased. The ratio of PL to GL decreased more distinctly in Scout 66 than that in Altas 66. Treated with 20 and 100 μmol/L aluminum, linolenic acid content and the index of unsaturated fatty acids decreaced greatly in Scout 66, but the index of unsaturated fatty acids in Altas 66 increased slightly.


Previous studies have demonstrated that many graduating trainees may not have all of the skills needed to independently practice endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) safely and effectively. As a part of competency-based learning curriculum development, it is essential to provide formative feedback to trainees and ensure they acquire the knowledge and skills for independent practice.

 To assess the performance of advanced endoscopy trainees across Canada using the Canadian Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (CanDOPS) ERCP assessment tool. Procedural items evaluated include both technical (cannulation, sphincterotomy, stone extraction, tissue sampling, and stent placement) and non-technical (leadership, communication and teamwork, judgment and decision making) skills.

 We conducted a prospective national multi-centre prospective study. Advanced endoscopy trainees with at least two years of gastroenterology training or five years of general surgery in North America and minimal experience performing ERCPs (less than 100 ERCP procedures) were invited to participate. The CanDOPS tool was used to measure every fifth ERCP performed by trainees over a 12-month fellowship training period. ERCPs were evaluated by experienced staff endoscopists at each study site under standard clinical protocol. Cumulative sum (CUSUM) analyses were used to generate learning curves.

 The data from five Canadian sites and 11 trainees participated in the study. A total of 261ERCP evaluations were completed. Median number of evaluations by site and trainee was 49 (IQR 31–76) and 15 (IQR 11–45). Median number of cases trainees performed prior to their ERCP training was 50 (IQR 25–400). There was a significant improvement in almost all scores over time, including selective cannulation, sphincterotomy, biliary stenting and all non-technical skills (P<0.01). CUSUM analyses using acceptable and unacceptable failure rates of 20% and 50% demonstrated trainees achieved competency for most measures in their final month of their training. Competency in tissue sampling was not achieved within a one-year training period.

 This is the first ERCP performance evaluation tool that examines multiple technical and non-technical aspects of the procedure. Although trainee ERCP skills do improve during their training period, there exists a notable variability in time to competency for the different skills measured using the CanDOPS tool. Large prospective research is required to determine if competency is achieved using more stringent definitions of ERCP competency and to determine factors associated with reaching competency.

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After describing the basic tenets of Invitational Education and Buddhist psychology, this articleexplores four commonalities and their implications: The individual is in control; knowing is notdoing; others can help; and we can facilitate others' efforts to use effective strategies to reachhappiness. The paper concludes by contrasting Invitational Education and Buddhist views onself, perception, and appropriate action. Invitational appropriate wisdom (pradjna paramita)and is totally under the control of the individual.


The invention relates to a powder coating capable of replacing aluminium alloy chromating and a preparation method thereof and aims at providing an environmentally-friendly powder coating capable of replacing aluminium alloy chromating and a preparation method thereof. The powder coating capable of replacing the aluminium alloy chromating contains polyester resin, hydroxyalkyl amide, a surfactant, polypropylene wax and phosphate or nitrate. The preparation method of the powder coating capable of replacing the aluminium alloy chromating comprises the following steps of: uniformly mixing the components for 30-60 seconds at constant temperature of 100-120 DEG C and then cooling to room temperature, tabletting, and grinding by adopting an air grinding machine, so that the powder coating product is obtained; when the powder coating is used, the powder coating is sprayed onto the surface of an aluminium alloy profile, and heating is carried out for a period of time. In a preparation process, only water is discharged, no harm is done to the environment or an operator, and after the powder coating product is sprayed onto the surface of aluminium alloy, salt spray resistance property of the aluminium alloy is in the same level with that of chromated aluminium alloy, so that the great environmental pollution problem caused by chromium emission is solved, and a preparation working procedure is also reduced; a decorative material like a pigment or a texturizing additive can be added into a prepared powder coating product, so that various decoration requirements on the surface of the aluminium alloy can be met.


SrTiO3doped Ce4+photocatalyst was prepared by a sol–gel method.The properties of the doped SrTiO3were characterized by X-ray diffraction,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,BET specific surface area analysis,scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photo-electronic spectroscopy,respectively.The photocatalytic activities of the catalysts were evaluated by decolorization of methylene blue.The results show that Ti4+content and crystalline size decrease,the specific surface area increases and the recombination of photo electrons and holes weakens when Sr2+is replaced by Ce4+.Doping Ce4+increased the amount of the adsorption oxygen and H2O on the improved SrTiO3surface,leading to the increase of catalytic active center.Also,the 4f energy degree of Ce4+reduced the band gap of SrTiO3and enhanced the photoelectrons by the reduction of Ce4+to Ce3+,consequently,the photoelectron lifetime and photocatalytic activity of the SrTiO3 doped Ce4+ were increased.The greatest activity was obtained and the degradation ratio of MB was 98.7% as SrTiO3doped Ce4+of 3%(in mole).


The International Desalination Association (IDA) reports that on 30 March 2022, Rabigh 3 independent water plant (IWP) – the world's largest reverse osmosis (RO) desalination facility – was inaugurated in Saudi Arabia.


We review the application of numerical techniques to investigate mathematical models of phenomena in the biosciences using delay diierential equations. We show that there are prima facie reasons for using such models: (i) they have a richer mathematical framework (compared with ordinary diier-ential equations) for the analysis of biosystems dynamics, (ii) they display better consistency with the nature of the underlying processes and predictive results. We now have suitable computational techniques to treat numerically the emerging models for the biosciences.


Influence of zinc in form of its sulphatic and EDTA formulations, applied as basal or foliar spray alone or in various combinations, against the white backed plant hopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horvath), a major insect pest on rice, was studied under caged condition during Kharif, 2017 in the Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar. It was observed that, basal application of Zn EDTA @ 40 kg/ha along with its foliar spray @ 0.8%, twice at 30 and 45 days after transplanting affected the nymphal and adult alightment as well as decreased the total number of eggs laid by the female and percent hatching of eggs. Zinc exercised a possible induced non-preference mechanism of resistance in rice to WBPH.


Because of the public awareness of climate change in recent decades, carbon footprint (CF) has become a crucial concern. Many companies have introduced CF estimation for their operational activities. The long-run CF averaging method is common and widely used for CF estimation. This method generates only static CF information; however, it does not detect the dynamics of CFs. In this paper, two case studies, a power plant and a photovoltaic module plant, were conducted to show the dynamic changes in CFs, and the CF difference over various time spans was compared to investigate the influence of CF averaging over different time spans on CF estimation. The results showed that the fluctuation of the CF over time was significant, and the short time spans for the calculation of CF averaging might have positive influences in CF estimation. However, more evidences from industries are required to verify the universality of the results.


Anxious that God was preparing them for Christ's second coming, Euro-Americans experienced an unprecedented revival known as the First Great Awakening—an intercolonial phenomenon that infused Protestantism in America with extraordinary heights of millenarianism and apocalypticism. The Awakening was a watershed event in the formation of a distinctive Anglo-American identity. While this identity was not always deeply pious, as economic and political concerns occasionally eclipsed religious matters, there is no doubt that the "vital piety" that had defined radical Protestantism in Europe found new and vibrant expression in America, particularly in its eschatological aspects. These came into sharpest focus when the Seven Years' War broke out between Britain and France in 1754. Usually considered only in military and geopolitical terms, this war was also a war of religion in which the Anglo-Americans cast themselves in the heroic role of God's chosen people striving against the forces of the Catholic Antichrist.


This paper provides a brief overview of the functional specifications for a Permit Tracking and Evaluation System (PTES) which is interfaced to the master schedule of design and construction activities of a megaproject. System objectives and requirements, process and data flow diagrams, and a procedural design flowchart, are used to define system functions and modules. The PTES would play a key role at the planning and execution stages in permit activity and resource coordination and in resolving internal and external conflicts.


Collective choice has been a topic of research for many years. Recent research has focused on individual's trust in government and how a lack of trust can actually lead to an increase in the size of government; and, as the size of government increases, we may again see a further increase in the lack of trust in government. (Garen & Clark, 2011). As I thought about this interesting result I concluded it would be worthwhile to step back and look at this issue through the lens of a constrained optimization problem. In this paper, I solve for an individual making a constrained choice between work and political activity to identify some baseline stylistic characteristics of what may or may not cause increased political activity among individuals.


Intermetallic alloying of one active metal to another inert metal provides not only the improved dispersion of active centers but also a unique and homogeneous ensemble of active sites, thus offering new opportunities in a variety of reactions. Herein, we report that PdZn intermetallic nanostructure with Pd–Zn–Pd ensembles are both highly active and selective for the semihydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene, which is usually inaccessible due to the sequential hydrogenation to ethane. Microcalorimetric measurements and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the appropriate spatial arrangement of Pd sites in the Pd–Zn–Pd ensembles of the PdZn alloy leads to the moderate σ-bonding mode for acetylene with two neighboring Pd sites while the weak π-bonding pattern of ethylene adsorption on the single Pd site, which facilitates the chemisorption toward acetylene and promotes the desorption of ethylene from the catalyst surface. As a result, it leads to the kinetic favor of the selective conver...


The aim of this paper is to present the influence of the geometry of non-thermal plasma reactors on plasma activated water parameters. The plasma activated water can be successfully used in agricultural applications due to the fact the generation technology is environmentally friendly and it contributes to the reduction and minimization of pesticides or fertilizers currently required in the plant cultivation process. This work is focused on the analysis of the influence of different parameters on the formation of hydrogen peroxide and energy efficiency of two non-thermal plasma reactors for plasma-activated water generation: a T-shaped reactor and an I-shaped reactor. For the two types of reactors, it was also considered the influence of the polarity of the DC pulse power supply for different input parameters such the frequency (60, 150, 250 Hz), gas flow rate (1 and 2 L/min Ar) and water flow rate (5, 10, 15 and 20 mL/min). The concentration of hydrogen peroxide generated into plasma activated water acts as a disinfection agent and it was considered as an indicator of energy efficiency.


Objective To investigate the residual risks of transfusion-transmitted HBV/HCV/HIV in current donor screening system of Qingdao area.Methods After the ELISA tests(HbsAg,anti-HCV,anti-HIV) were performed,NAT tests of HBV-DNA,HCV-RNA,and HIV-RNA on plasma samples were conducted.Such specimens as have discrepant ELISA and NAT results(N+/E-,or N-/E+) were subject to further follow-up confirmation tests.Results Among 12000 donor samples,no sample with anti-HCV(-)/HCV-RNA(+) or with anti-HIV(-)/HIV-RNA(+) was detected.However,2 individuals were detected as HBsAg(-)/HBV-DNA(+).One donor had negative ELISA test results in HBsAb,HBeAg,HBeAb,and HBcAb at the first screening.But the HBsAg,HBeAg and HBcAb were confirmed positive along with HBV-DNA after 11 weeks.The other donor was negative for HBsAb,HBeAg,and HBeAb but positive for HBcAb.Follow up tests after 3 weeks indicated the same serological results,with a similar low viralload at about 1000 IU/mL.Conclusion Due to the window period and occult HBV infection,current blood donor screening system has some residual risks of transfusion-transmitted HBV.NAT and HBcAb tests should be implemented to reduce the residual risks of transfusion-transmitted HBV.


Computerization as an alternative to meet the smoothness and timeliness in  confectionery a system of educational administration Indonesian Institute for  Management Development.  Use of existing computers as data processing devices, the improvement of  educational administrative services IPMI capabilities can be realized.


Presented before the American Nuclear Society Meeting in San Francisco, California, December 14, 1960. A discussion is given of the objectives of the program established to develop methods for measuring and predicting infinite medium neutron spectra. Primary emphasis was placed on studies of moderation in water, with secondary emphasis in graphite, beryllium oxide, zirconium hydride, and polyethylene. Typical infinite medium results are shown for the hydrogen atom in cadmium sulfate solutions. Two geometries for stab-lattice spectra measurements are illustrated. The axial flux distribution of 1.4-ev neutrons in a 4-in.-thick tank of water poisoned to 6 barns per H atom is given. The results are shown graphically for the calculation of the spectrum at the peak in the flux distribution using diffusion theory. Leakage spectra are included for 4-in.- thick boric acid and water slabs, separately. (B.O.G.)


Hyaluronic (HA) is a huge biologial molecular which is widely regarded as a good agent to preserve moisture which used in various fields. For example,ophthalmic surgery,treatment of inflamed knee joints,cosmetic use, gynaecology and obstetrics etc.. The paper states that the study on chemical structure, physical and chemical nature,application and production technology of HA at home and abroad.It is a synthetic state on linear structure,nygroscopicity of superior grade,and utilygation on the aspects on smooth skin,renevs soft structures and gynaecology and obstetrics clinical practice etc.,for its stick elsticity transparent water film,which combine with water for HA.It systematically sums up the extracting method by the materical of animat tissue and the fermentation method by the streptococcus of epidemic disease of domestic animals.


This paper demonstrates how sign restrictions can be used to infer the signs of certain historical shocks from reduced form VAR residuals. This is achieved without recourse to non-sign information. The method is illustrated by an application to the AD-AS model using UK data.


Background: Substance use and problems arising from it are increasing all over the world, and currently together with HIV/AIDS epidemic, become one of the most threatening and challenging social and public health problems. College students are more vulnerable to wider sexual and reproductive health and HIV/AIDS problems due to new environment with poor protection, age and the need to explore life, peer pressure and absence of proactive programs. Objective: The main objective of this study was to assess the magnitude of risky sexual behavior and its association with substance use among Bonga town public college students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 396 Bonga town public college students from March 2014 to April 2014 using stratified sampling technique and a self-administered questionnaire was used. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the study population, prevalence, and to check the missing values, outliers, and inconsistencies. Logistic regressions to determine independent predictors of risky sexual behaviors and the p- value of 0.05 was used as cut off point for the presence of statistical significance. Results: Among 396 participants 72.7% reported having used at least one substance in their life time. Commonly used substances were: alcohol (51.3%) followed by khat (15.4%), cigarette (3.6%) and other illicit substances (2.5%). From total respondents 38.1% admitted having sexual experience. Among sexually experienced males 4.6% have had sexual intercourse with commercial sex workers and 4.6% had sexual intercourse with more than one person. Condom use rate was 64.9% but, its consistency was 58.3%. Sex, educational status, income and ever use of khat were statistically associated with risky sexual behavior with AOR (95%CI) of 4.5 (1.7, 12), 4.7 (1.6, 12.9), 3.7 (1.4, 10), 2.5 (1.1, 6.5) respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of substance use among Bonga college students was high. The study also showed that many of the students who were sexually active engaged in unsafe and risky sexual practices. Awareness rising about safer sex and consequences of substance use for college students is necessary measure that should be taken.


A technique for monitoring longitudinal motions of geosynchronous satellites is introduced. We use a two-antenna interferometer, and adjusting its baseline orientation to a particular horizontal azimuth enables direct measurements of satellite longitudinal motions. Longitudes are monitored continuously, with no delay when orbital maneuvers occur. The proposed technique is usable for safety control when two or more satellites are operating in close proximity in an overcrowded orbit, even if satellites using electric propulsion are involved.


Various uses of the Elastic Stability Derivative (ELASRAD) program are described. Topics include structural influence coefficient matrices of wings, arrow wing structural analysis, and graphic display of wing structures. The rigid and elastic stability derivatives were calculated for Transonic Aircraft Technology Project aircraft.


Schlusselworter ● ▶ oxidativer Stress ● ▶ Minocyclin ● ▶ AMD ● ▶ Apoptose ● ▶ Zytoprotektion Abstract ! Background: Light-induced oxidative stress is an suggested reason for retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) degeneration in age-related macular degen- eration (AMD). This study investigates the influ- ence of light on intracellular reactive oxygen spe- cies (ROS) and apoptosis in the human RPE and potential cytoprotective effects of the tetracycline antibiotic minocycline. Methods: Primary human RPE cells were either pre- or post-incubated with minocycline and then exposed to white light or oxidative stress (600µM, H2O2). Then viability, induction of intra- cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis and cell death was determined. Expression of apoptotic BAX and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein and their mRNA were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Results: Both light exposure and oxidative stress decreased RPE cell viability and Bcl-2 expression and increased intracellular ROS, apoptotic cell death, and BAX expression. Minocycline reduced these effects under certain conditions. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that min- ocycline effectively protects human RPE cells against oxidative damage. However, in the light of minocycline's photosensitising properties its potential role in AMD treatment needs further evaluation.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the feasibility of swelling hydrogel instead of polyethylene oxide as swelling polymer in push-layer of push-pull osmotically controlled-release tablets.

METHOD
The swelling patterns of tablets made of pure polymers were studied by immerging the tablets into purified water and testing their size at different time points. The push-pull osmotic-pump tablets were prepared and their release patterns in vitro were studied and compared by their similar factor (f2).

RESULT
Tablets with different swelling materials all showed satisfying release pattern in vitro and their release ratio at 12 h were all above 80%.

CONCLUSION
With its release rate and cumulative release percentage at 12 h, the mixture of HPMC K15M and CMCNa in ratio of 1:1 is the best choice instead of polyethylene oxide as swelling polymer in push-layer.


The invention discloses an independent self-balance device of a transverse two-wheeled electric bicycle, and relates to the technical field of independent self-balance of transverse two-wheeled electric bicycles. A guide rail is arranged on a base plate, the upper portion of the guide rail is meshed with a counter-weight drive gear, one end of the guide rail is connected with one end of a controller, a frame is arranged at the periphery of the base plate, a sensor is fixedly arranged on the frame, a supporting shaft is arranged on one side of the sensor, a balance drive gear is fixed to the supporting shaft in a coaxial mode, the balance drive gear is meshed with an external gear, the external gear and an advancing drive wheel are in rigid connection, and a planet gear structure is formed by the external gear, the advancing drive wheel and the balance drive gear. The independent self-balance device of the transverse two-wheeled electric bicycle has independent self-balance performance and safe reliability, a driver does not need to continuously adjust the posture of the body to control the transverse two-wheeled electric bicycle to run, safety, comfort and reliability of the driving process can be ensured, and the independent self-balance device of the transverse two-wheeled electric bicycle is good in economic applicability.


THE case about to be described has been under our observation since August, 1919, and was shown this year at the January meeting of the Dermatological Section of the Royal Society of Medicine, the above diagnosis being put forward tentatively. We now consider that there is still further evidence as to the pathogenicity of the diplitheroid organism concerned, and therefore no longer hesitate to publish a full clinical account of the case, and the results of the bacteriological investigations carried out by one of us (F. A. K.). At the outset we wish to insist that we are not dealing with true diphtheria of the skin—a condition which was well recognised by Trousseau, and has since been the subject of numerous papers."^ The infecting bacillus in our case is not the typical form described by Klebs-Loffler, and it is therefore unnecessary to review the literature of cutaneous diphtheria. We have been unable to find any description of a case similar to our own, but Dr. Graham Little has kindly informed us that some twenty years ago he had under observation at the Shadweir Hospital for Children, over a period of about eighteen months, a number of cases of ulceration of the skin, from which a diphtheroid bacillus was isolated and considered to be the causal organism. In Dr. Little^s patients the constitutional symptoms were severe, and some of the children died. Our patient, except when the ulcerative process has been at its height, and after some of the doses of the autogenous vaccine, has had little or no constitutional disturbance; his temperature and pulse have been normal, his appetite good, and, but for the pain * " Diphtheria of the Skin," Knowles and^Fresc^ln, Journal of tlie American Medical Association, August 1st, 1914'.


Passivated emitter rear contact (PERC) cells offer increased power conversion efficiency but also present several degradation risks compared to the traditional aluminum back surface field (Al-BSF) cell, including instability of the passivation layer and increased light-induced degradation. Newer generations of bifacial PERC cells with localized back contacts (as opposed to full rear side metalization) introduce further vulnerabilities such as mechanical cracking and greater susceptibility to corrosion. In this work, we evaluate these degradation modes through accelerated exposures of full-size modules, using advanced characterization and analysis techniques. Damp-heat and thermal cycling are used to activate distinct degradation modes in Al-BSF, PERC, and bifacial PERC full-size modules. At stepwise intervals during exposure, the modules are measured by $I -V$ curve tracing and electroluminescence (EL) imaging. EL images are standardized to allow for calculation of quantitative image parameters to be compared with standard $I -V$ parameters. Correlation of parameters extracted from $I -V$ and EL reveals statistical relationships between degradation mechanisms and performance, for module and accelerated exposure type. Bifacial PERC modules showed both the greatest power degradation in damp heat, and the most cell cracking in thermal cycling. The greater power degradation through damp heat exposure for modules with bifacial PERC cells is likely the result of both increased susceptibility of this cell type to corrosion, and instability of the rear-side encapsulant, white EVA.


Apparent digestibility of soybean meal/corn and coast cross hay was studied with different ratios of hay and concentrate: A - 40%; B = 60%; C = 80% and D = 100% hay. Twelve male sheep were kept in metabolic cages with bags for total faeces collection. At the adjustment and collection period animals received 80% of ad libitum intake, observed previously. Average digestion coefficients were: DM 68,11%, 63,92%, 59,22% and 64,60%; CP 61,01%, 66,04%, 73,60% and 72,92%; CF 52,56%, 53,66%, 56,22% and 57,19%; EE 71,49%, 59,21%, 57,90% and 57,98%; ENN 74,40%, 69,83%, 58,56% and 70,40%, respectively, for A, B, C and D treatments. Results forTDN were A= 62,15%, B= 57,72%, C= 52,04% and D= 55,77%. DM and NNE digestibility presented quadratic regressions (p < 0,01). TDN values presented no significant differences among treatments. Digestibilities of CP and CF increased linearly, with higher levels of roughage in the diets.


Human Engineering Limited is currently supporting the decommissioning of an asset in the North Sea. The aim of the work has been to ensure that the risks of human error when working in an unfamiliar environment, often on novel, oneoff tasks, are controlled to As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP). As part of this work, safety critical tasks have been identified and assessed from a human factors perspective, supporting the asset safety case and risk assessment. The methodology used for a number of the assessments is the Safety Critical Task Assessment (SCTA) Tool developed by Human Engineering, in line with the Health and Safety Executive's (HSE) 7 step approach to risk assessment. This paper describes this methodology, its use on an example from the platform and identifies a number of other challenges faced on the project. (6 pages)


Dorrington (1) argues that oxygen is not an important control on insect size and that selective pressure for maneuverability and predator escape is not inversely related to body size. Because these claims are contradicted by many experimental studies, we stand by our hypothesis (2) that controls on maximum insect size shifted from environmental (primarily oxygen concentration) to biotic (primarily predation) following the evolution of flying predators like birds.


Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) circulate to inflamed vascular endothelium by homing to a gradient of chemokine activators secreted from injured tissue. During activation, the β2‐integrin Leukocyte Functional Antigen‐1 (LFA‐1) shifts conformation into a high affinity state primed for binding its primary ligand on the endothelium, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1). After neutrophil capture by the endothelium, LFA‐1 is redistributed on the cellular membrane into high density clusters, a harbinger to cellular polarization where LFA‐1 is found at the leading and trailing regions of membrane contact. We have previously reported that dimeric clusters of LFA‐1 bind 10‐fold longer to ICAM‐1 dimers than monomers. Further, the affinity state of LFA‐1 regulates the lifetime and stability of PMN adhesion. We show here that formation of dimeric LFA‐1/ICAM‐1 clusters can trigger outside‐in signaling through LFA‐1. Capture of dimeric ICAM‐1 beads by PMN induced active CD18, F‐actin, and Rap‐1 clustering at the bead/cell interface much more efficiently than monomer. Outside‐in signaling via LFA‐1 was supported by an intermediate or high affinity state, but not a low affinity conformation. Activated Src‐family kinases were also involved in transmembrane signaling and colocalized with LFA‐1/ICAM‐1 clusters. We conclude that assembly of an inflammatory synapse involves dimerization of high affinity LFA‐1 with ICAM‐1, thereby providing a substrate for direction signaling of cytoskeletal mediated cell polarization and transmigration.


Recent work has shown that for parameter regimes typical of many present day current drive experiments, the orbits of the launched LH rays are chaotic (in the Hamiltonian sense), so that wave energy diffuses through the stochastic layer and fills the spectral gap. We have analyzed this problem using a statistical approach, by solving the wave kinetic equation for the coarse‐grained spectral energy density. An interesting result is that the LH absorption profile is essentially independent of both the total injected power and the level of wave stochastic diffusion.


Machine vibration due to structural rigidity, tool-part material and cutting parameter selection often results in noisy cutting force signals for most milling processes that are captured by dynamometer during cutting force measurements. This paper presents a mathematical approach to calculate the empirical cutting force coefficients from measured instantaneous noisy force signals in ball-end milling. The captured noisy force signals are processed by numerical fitting technique to extract the correct force values. Two different solution methods, namely, Forward and Backward solution methods, are proposed and implemented to solve the lumped discrete values of cutting mechanics parameters and the constant values of size effect parameters. An iterative two-stage procedure is employed to solve these parameters using both solution techniques. The effectiveness and comparison of the two different approaches in solving cutting force parameters has been demonstrated experimentally with a series of verification cuts.


Both within and without oral studies, scholars have begun to examine the intimate relations between what have seemed to some strange bedfellows: oral theory and critical theory. Mark C. Amodio has recently called attention to these relations, observing that "Oral theory and contemporary critical theory share many basic principles, engage many similar issues, and ask many closely related questions" (1998:97). Amodio acknowledges that this sense of commonality has been slow to emerge, a fact he attributes to two main causes: the narrowness of some oral-formulaic work and ignorance about oral theory among non-specialists (96). A major obstacle to a wider awareness of shared interests has been the long-held belief, among oralists and non-oralists alike, in the "Great Divide": the chasm that supposedly divides oral art and culture from literate art and culture (103). With the bridging of this divide by such scholars as A. N. Doane, John Miles Foley, Katherine O'Brien O'Keeffe, Alain Renoir, Brian Stock, and others, a new perception of the relation between the oral and the literate has begun to gain currency, one "that acknowledges that orality and literacy exist along a continuum and are deeply interrelated and interdependent cultural forces" (96). As a result of placing the oral and the literate upon this continuum, these scholars have encouraged others to see that oral and literate art fall within a common linguistic, aesthetic, and cultural domain to which both oral theory and contemporary critical theory may usefully address themselves. I would like to push Amodio's argument one step further. I wish to argue that oral theory and contemporary critical theory not only share similar "principles," "issues," and "questions," but may profitably inform each other under these shared headings. As a newcomer to oral studies, I would be presumptuous to say how critical theory might contribute to the development and refinement of oral theory. However, as a student of colonial literature, I see clear ways in which oral theory might enable the practice of one kind of


Aedes aegypti larval survival rate was assessed after exposure to blastopores or conidia (mineral oil-in-water formulation or aqueous suspension) of Beauveria bassiana CG 479 propagules (blastospores or conidia). Here, mineral oil was used in the fungal formulation to control Aedes aegypti larvae. 1%, 0.5% or 0.1% mineral oil-in-water solutions were used to evaluate mineral oil toxicity for mosquito larvae. In the oil toxicity test, 0.1% mineral oil solution reduced only 4.5% larval survival; accordingly, this concentration was chosen for fungal oil-in-water formulations. Aqueous suspensions were prepared using 0.01% Tween 80® in sterile dechlorinated water. A. aegypti larvae (L2) were exposed in aqueous suspensions or mineral oil-in-water fungal formulations at 1×107 propagules mL-1; the survival rate (assessed daily, for 7 days) and the median survival time (S50) were calculated. Seven days after the treatment, mosquito larvae survival rates were 8.56%, 16.22%, 58%, and 42.56% after exposure to oil-in-water blastospores, oil-inwater conidia, blastospores aqueous suspension and conidia aqueous suspension (respectively). Larvae exposed to 0.01% Tween 80® had 100% survival rate and the ones treated with 0.1% mineral oil-inwater had 95.11% survival rate. Larvae treated with conidia (regardless the presence of oil) or treated with blastospores formulation had survival median time (S50) ranging from one to two days. S50 was not determined (ND) when larvae were exposed to blastospores aqueous suspension, 0.01% Tween 80® (aqueous control) or 0.1% mineral oil-in-water formulation (oil control). B. bassiana conidia and blastospores (mineral oil-in-water formulated or suspended in water) had potential to control A. aegypti mosquito larvae, despite mineral oil-in-water formulation yielded better results in comparison to aqueous suspensions. Here, B. bassiana CG 479 isolate is suggested as a potential biocontrol agent of A. aegypti mosquito larvae. Keywords—Blastospores, formulation, mosquitoes, conidia.


Abstract Extract In a comprehensive description of infections caused by Salmonella spp. in New Zealand livestock, it is mentioned that outbreaks of bovine salmonellosis have generally been confined to adult animals. The origin of these infections (Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella bovis morbificans predominantly) in most instances is obscure (Salisbury, 1958). Losses are often sporadic and, while examination of whole herds in which clinical cases have occurred may reveal very few animals excreting salmonellae, other herds with no previous history of clinical disease in adult cows may show 10 to 12% of animals excreting salmonellae at one time (Robinson, unpublished). The majority of clinical cases of salmonellosis in adult cattle occur close to parturition and may be associated with intercurrent disease.


Knock limit control is necessary for high efficient operation of automotive engines. In this paper, we propose an identification and control method of the engine knock using a Gaussian process. Feedforward input is designed by the Gaussian process model approximating knock probability, and its model is updated online by a feedback of the knock intensity value. As modeling methods using the Gaussian process, we apply a heteroscedastic Gaussian process and a recursive Gaussian process. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by a numerical simulation.


The experiments of 1aser-cladding Ni60 alloy powder doped with carbon nanotubes(CNTs) have been carried out.The micro-hardness testing and microstructure observation have been completed on the cross-section of the laser coatings zone.The X-ray diffraction analysis and the friction wear test of the surface of the laser coatings have been accomplished.The results show that the addition of CNTs can enhance the hardness and wear resistance of coatings.The excellent wear resistance of the CNTs/Ni60 coatings is obtained at a content of 0.4 % CNTs.


This paper,based on the modern measurement theory,aims to examine score reliability for three types of questions in Advanced Spoken Chinese test of and their various combinations.The results showes that:(1)The oral test score is the most reliable among the three tyeps;(2)Oral assessment of the argumentative topics also has high test reliability.Based on the above findings,the paper discusses the roles of three question types in the spoken Chinese teaching as a Foreign Language and suggests that the argumentative topic should be included into the spoken test to improve the efficiency.With the need for efficiency,the argumentative topics is a worthy form to spoken tests.


Summary Whole-tissue binding of triiodothyronine was augmented in liver, kidney and skeletal muscle following adaptation of the rat to cold. The basis of the increased kidney binding of this hormone was increased binding to microsomes, the putative subcellular locus of hormonal deiodination. Cold induction of deiodinative sites in tissues is the suggested etiology of the increased deiodination of triiodothyronine in vivo after cold acclimation observed in previous studies.


The atmosphere above the western equatorial Pacific warm pool (WP) is an important source for the dynamic and thermodynamic forcing of the atmospheric general circulation. This study uses a high-resolution reanalysis and several observational datasets including Global Precipitation Climatology Project precipitation, Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA) Tropical Atmosphere Ocean moored buoys, and Earth Radiation Budget Experiment, TOGA Coupled Ocean‐Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE), and Central Equatorial Pacific Experiment (CEPEX) radiation data to examine the details of the dynamical processes that lead to this net positive forcing. The period chosen is the period of two field experiments: TOGA COARE and CEPEX during December 1992‐March 1993. The four months used in the study were sufficient to establish that the warm pool atmosphere (WPA) was close to a state of radiative‐convective‐dynamic equilibrium. The analysis suggests that the large-scale circulation imports about 200 W m22 of sensible heat and about 140 W m22 of latent energy into the WPA mainly through the low-level mass convergence and exports about 420 W m22 potential energy mainly through the upper-level mass divergence. Thus the net effect of the large-scale dynamics is to export about 80 W m22 energy out of the WPA and cool the WPA by about 0.8 K day21. The dynamic cooling in addition to the radiative cooling of about 0.4 K day21 or 40 W m22 leads to a net radiative‐dynamic cooling of about 1.2 K day21 or 120 W m22, which should be balanced by convective heating of the same magnitude. The WPA radiative cooling is only about 0.4 K day21, which is considerably smaller than previously cited values in the Tropics. This difference is largely due to the cloud radiative forcing (CRF), about 70 W m 22, associated with the deep convective cirrus clouds in the WPA, which compensates the larger clear sky radiative cooling. Thus moist convection heats the WPA, not only through the direct convective heating, that is, the vertical eddy sensible heat and latent energy transport, but also through the indirect convective heating, that is, the CRF of deep convective clouds. The CRF of the deep convective clouds has a dipole structure, in other words, strong heating of the atmosphere through convergence of longwave radiation and a comparable cooling of the surface through the reduction of shortwave radiation at the surface. As a result, the deep convective clouds enhance the required atmospheric heat transport and reduce the required oceanic heat transport significantly in the WP. A more detailed understanding of these convective processes is required to improve our understanding of the heat transport by the large-scale circulation in the Tropics.


Microhabitat selection in two closely related sympatric species of Clethrionomys, C. rex and C. rzt$ocanus bedfordiae, was examined in a forest in northern Hokkaido, Japan. Multivariate analysis revealed that discrimination in the use of microhabitats was dominated by vegetational and topographic variables (correlation ratio = 0.681). C. rex was commoner than C. rzt$ocanus in valley bottoms and on rather moderate slopes, with mixed undergrowth of Sasa bamboos and herbage. In spite of differential use of microhabitats by males and females, individual voles were segregated interspecifically rather than intraspecifically.


Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), as the best way of reducing carbon emissions under existing technological conditions, is attracting more and more attention. Although experiments can explore chemical process of CO2 sequestration, it is limited in time scale. CO2 geological storage will last hundreds and thousands of years, so TOUGHREACT is used to conduct kinetic batch modeling and reactive transport modeling. In this paper, CO2-water-rock interaction mechanisms and theirs effects on reservoir are discussed in detail, especially on how pore structure and properties are changing. The first CCS project in China is carried out in Ordos basin. Geochemical simulation tool TOUGHREACT is used to simulate CO2-water-rock interactions at Shihezi formation in Ordos basin. Geochemical reactions play an important role in CO2 geological storage environments, because they may change the properties of reservoir. Although CO2-water-rock interaction rate may be very small, it is an ideal way of CO2 geological storage. No matter what minerals dissolve and precipitate, they will enhance the dissolution of CO2. For long-term storage, CO2-water-rock interaction can promote amount of CO2 mineralization referred to as mineral trapping, which has a positive effect on the feasibility of CO2 storage.


Matrix multiplication is widely used in a variety of applications and is often one of the core components of many scientific computations. This paper will examine three algorithms to compute the product of two matrices: the Naive, Strassen's and Winograd's algorithms. One of the main factors of determining the efficiency of an algorithm is the execution time factor, how much time the algorithm takes to accomplish its work. All the three algorithms will be implemented and the execution time will be calculated and we find that Winograd's algorithm is the best and fast method experimentally for finding matrix multiplication. Deep Neural Networks are used for many applications. Training a Deep Neural Network is a time consuming process, especially when the number of hidden layers and nodes is large. The mechanism of Backpropagation Algorithm and Boltzmann Machine Algorithm for training a Deep Neural Network is revisited and considered how the sum of weighted input is computed. The process of computing the sum of product of weight and input matrices is carried out for several hundreds of thousands of epochs during the training of Deep Neural Network. We propose to modify Backpropagation Algorithm and Boltzmann Machine Algorithm by using fast Winograd's algorithm. Finally, we find that the proposed methods reduce the long training time of Deep Neural Network than existing direct methods.


This paper presents the results of a pilot study of the process of hydrocarbonic gas conversion in microwave plasma discharge at atmospheric pressure. A microwave plasmatron of the waveguide type with the power of up to 3 kW was developed and used as a plasma source. Hydrocarbonic gas is both a chemical reagent and a plasma-forming environment in this plasmatron. A peculiarity of the developed microwave plasmatron is the presence of an active system for initiating and maintaining microwave discharge in its structure. It has been demonstrated that a high (up to 70%) degree of conversion of hydrocarbonic gases can be attained in microwave plasma discharge. The products of plasmochemical reaction are hydrogen and a carbon material. The carbon material contains up to 60% of carbon nanotubes. The phase structure of the material and the cross sizes of carbon nanotubes are provided herein.


Complementary and alternative treatment approaches are becoming more common 9 among children with chronic conditions. The pravelance of CAM use among US adults was 10 estimated to be around 42% in 2015, and around 44% to 50% among adults with neurologic 11 disorders. Studies report children with chronic illnesses such as cancer, asthma, attention12 deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), genetic disorders, and other neurodevelopmental disorders 13 are treated with complementary and alternative treatments at higher rates. Dietary therapies are 14 gaining increasing popularity in the mainstream population, due to the heavy media involvement. 15 Although, majority of "fad" diets do not have enough supporting evidence, some dietary therapies 16 have been utilized for decades and have numerous published studies. The objective of this review 17 is to describe the dietary interventions used in children with the specific chronic conditions, to 18 evaluate their efficacy based on published data, and to encourage pharmacist involvement in the 19 management and care of such patients. 20


The current discussion on physical human robot interaction and the related safety aspects, but also the interest of neuro-scientists to validate their hypotheses on human motor skills with bio-mimetic robots, led to a recent revival of tendon-driven robots. In this paper, the modeling of tendon-driven elastic systems with nonlinear couplings is recapitulated. A control law is developed that takes the desired joint position and stiffness as input. Therefore, desired motor positions are determined that are commanded to an impedance controller. We give a physical interpretation of the controller. More importantly, a static decoupling of the joint motion and the stiffness variation is given. The combination of active (controller) and passive (mechanical) stiffness is investigated. The controller stiffness is designed according to the desired overall stiffness. A damping design of the impedance controller is included in these considerations. The controller performance is evaluated in simulation.


Being aware of the importance of the text and, more particularly, of the business correspondence for the foreign trade which works as a communication tool between two firms located in different countries and on which a contact or a buying and selling of goods will depend, in this article we intend to study this particular text typology of the field, i.e., the business correspondence. It is our purpose to develop translation competence among students translating from English into Spanish by strengthening their textual competence by means of a text analysis (at a graphical, lexical and grammatical level). This facilitates text analysis in context as well as other text related factors. Thus the translation learner not only will be able to decide which translation strategies to apply depending on the target text purpose or skopos but the future translator will develop professional abilities.


A difficulty still hindering the widespread application of Model Predictive Control (MPC) methodologies, remains the computational burden that is related to solving the associated Optimal Control (OC) problem for every control period. In contrast to numerous approximation techniques that pursue acceleration of the online optimization procedure, relatively few work has been devoted towards shifting the optimization effort to a precomputational phase, especially for nonlinear system dynamics. Recently, interest revived in the theory of general Polynomial Chaos (gPC) in order to appraise the influence of variable parameters on dynamic system behaviour and proved to yield reliable results. This article establishes an explicit solution of the multi-parametric Nonlinear Problem (mp-NLP) based on the theoretical framework of gPC, which enabled a polynomial approximated nonlinear feedback law formulation. This resulted in real-time computations allowing for real-time MPC, with corresponding control frequencies up to 2 kHz,


Hovenia dulcis Thunb. (HDT) was known to have anti‐fatigue, anti‐diabetes, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective effects. In the present study, the anti‐fatty liver mechanism of HDT was elucidated in oleic acid (OA)‐treated Hep G2 cells and acute hyperlipidemia mouse model using Triton WR‐1339. Here, HDT activated p‐AMP‐activated protein kinase (p‐AMPK), proliferator activated receptor‐α, carnitine palmitoyltransferase and also inhibited the expression of lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis proteins, such as 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA reductase, sterol regulatory element binding protein‐1c, SREBP‐2, and fatty acid synthase in OA‐treated Hep G2 cells. Conversely, AMPK inhibitor compound C blocked the anti‐fatty liver effect of HDT to induce AMPK phosphorylation and decrease 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA reductase and lipid accumulation by oil red O staining in OA‐treated Hep G2 cells. Additionally, HDT pretreatment protected against the increase of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and phospholipid in an acute hyperlipidemia mouse model with enhancement of glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities. Taken together, HDT inhibits OA‐induced hepatic lipid accumulation via activation of AMPK and proliferator activated receptor‐α/carnitine palmitoyltransferase signaling and enhancement of antioxidant activity as a potent candidate for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hyperlipidemia. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This paper determines the economic development stage of each province according to theoretical benchmarks,decides the pollution degree by shapes of provincial pollution curves and pollution scales,and analyzes the relationship between economic development stages and the environmental pollution.It shows that the aggregate,water,air and solid waster pollution curves are all inverted U-shaped.The turning points of aggregate and water pollution curves occur in advanced stage of industrialization.The turning points of air and solid waste pollution curves emerge in middle stage of industrialization.Because most of Chinese provinces are in the early and middle stages of industrialization and for the pollution curve characteristics of these stages,the environment will keep deteriorating in recent years.The air and solid waste pollution are critical in early and middle stages.The water pollution rises slowly.Therefore,for environmental problem,we can't wait until the early stage of developed economy.New ways of industrialization should be taken instead of traditional industrialization way.


Usnic acid is a type of lichen acid which exhibits a broad spectrum of biological activity, functioning as an antimicrobial, an anti-inflammatory and a UV-filter. It is used as an active ingredient in herbal medicines and cosmetics products. Its influence as a cosmetics base, including through properties such as emulsion type or degree of internal phase droplet size, on the release of usnic acid, was studied. Two types (O/W, W/O) of usnic acid – loaded, stable emulsions with varying degrees of dispersion of the dispersed phase were obtained. The concentration of usnic acid in all of the formulations studied was 0.05% w/w. The formulations' physicochemical properties, including stability, viscosity, pH and the droplet size of the dispersed phase, were evaluated. The kinesis of the usnic acid's release was performed in a thermostatic diffusion chamber, at a temperature of T = 32°C, using dialysis membranes of regenerated cellulose. A mixture of phosphate buffer (PBS) and ethanol (EtOH), in 90/10, PBS/EtOH, volume ratio, was used as an acceptor solution. The concentration of released usnic acid was analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that the O/W emulsions, as compared to W/O emulsions, are a much more effective means of administering usnic acid to the skin. After 24 hours, approx. 45% of the initial acid concentration penetrated into the acceptor solution from O/W emulsion, while from the W/O emulsion the released amount was about 18%.


Scope and Method of Study: The purpose of this study was to describe traditional and nontraditional Agricultural Education enrollees and the degree to which these groups participate in the Agricultural Education program. Participants in the study included 393 junior and senior agricultural education enrollees at selected secondary high schools in Oklahoma. Selected schools contained multiple teachers with horticulture or natural resources being taught. Non-traditional enrollees were defined as those students who enrolled in an Agricultural Education course for the first time as a junior or senior while traditional enrollees were those students who had previous years in Agricultural Education. Students completed a questionnaire regarding demographic information, FFA activities and supervised agricultural experienced programs. Descriptive statistics and T-tests were utilized to describe and compare groups. Findings and Conclusions: Demographically, traditional enrollees tended to be male and from rural areas while nontraditional enrollees were either male or female and from urban areas. Differences were seen in FFA activity involvement as more than 35% of traditional enrollees were involved in 8-15 activities while more than 50% of non-traditional enrollees were involved in no FFA activities. Traditional enrollees with higher grade point averages were more likely to be involved in a greater number of FFA activities. This was not true for non-traditional enrollees. Majorities of both groups were found not to have supervised agricultural experience programs or record books. Point of enrollment was found to be a factor in students level of involvement in FFA and SAE activities.


We complete the historical overview about the geometry of a Schwarzschild black hole at its horizon by emphasizing the contribution made by J. L. Synge in 1950 to its clarification. KEY: Schwarzschild solution; Synge; black hole; horizon


Although modern progress relegated earth construction to countries with low level of industrial development due to more modern and resistant materials such as concrete, actually, this is awakening a great interest due to its low energy and recyclability properties are positioning it as a sustainable material. The earth as a material presents many advantages; by one hand, loam is able to absorb and desorb humidity faster, in a greater extent than other materials allowing a balance indoor climate.


The effect of the steroid hormone 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC) in promoting sodium retention and potassium excretion in mammals is well established, but the mechanism of DOC action in this respect is as yet obscure. Although the kidney appears to be the prominent target for DOC action, this steroid has been shown to influence salt balance, usually as an inhibition of potassium uptake, in other cell types in wide variety of organisms ranging from mammals through amphibia and molluscs to yeasts.'-3 Similarly, an examination of a large group of steroids for their effect on the growth of Neurospora crassa showed that DOC markedly and specifically inhibited the growth of this organism, and also interfered with the uptake of sugars, amino acids, and rubidium.4 The process of rubidium uptake by N. crassa has been intensively examined,5 and in this organism rubidium uptake appears to be a diphasic phenomenon consisting of a nonspecific but energy-requiring entry event, and a specific binding event. DOC was found to inhibit the binding of rubidium, but had no influence on the entry of rubidium. Since the classical hormonal role of DOC in mammals devolves upon its enhancement of sodium retention, as well as potassium excretion, it was of interest to examine the effect of DOC on sodium transport in N. crassa. Thus, the uptake of sodium by germinated conidia of N. crassa has been examined with respect to its relationship to potassium and DOC, and the results of these studies indicate that sodium uptake by N. crassa involves (a) an entry event which, like that of rubidium, is energy dependent, and (b) an exclusion system whose effectiveness appears to be related to the saturation or state of the rubidium-potassium binding system. The previously demonstrated effect of DOC on the binding system appears to be correlated with a more facile and increased penetration of sodium into the Neurospora cell, which would seem somewhat analogous to the influence of DOC on the reabsorption of sodium by the kidney. Materials and Methods.-The system used in these experiments has been previously described,4 and consisted of a suspension of washed germinated conidia in 20 mM NaH2PO4 in 50 mM NaCl, adjusted to pH 5.8 with NaOH. Where indicated, other sodium concentrations were achieved by altering the amount of NaCl; the cells were washed with the same buffered saline solution. Incubations were carried out in a water bath at 300 with agitation. The uptake of sodium was estimated by adding tracer amounts of Na22Cl to the suspension and determining the radioactivity in cell extracts. At various intervals 5.0 ml aliquots of suspension were filtered, with care taken to interrupt filtration when most of the medium had been removed, but before any evaporation of extracellular medium or drying of the cells could occur. The wet cells were weighed immediately and after drying at 1000 overnight, the difference representing the total water in the sample of cells. The dried cells were digested with 0.5 ml of 1.0 N HCl for 1.0 hr.at 1250; then 0.5 ml of 1.0 N NH40H was added and the digest made up to 3.0 ml with water, mixed


Dr. Marny Rivera, Justice Center faculty, and Dr. Gabriel Garcia, UAA Department of Health Sciences, co-presented at UAA's first "Healthy Minds Conversation" on April 22.

They discussed their research on "Health Correlates of Female Victimization" which looked at the effect of race on the health conditions of women who have experienced violence in their lives. Minority women who have experienced violence have significantly increased odds of health problems, including mental health problems.

The goal of the event was to encourage conversation among faculty, staff and students about programs, projects, and research at UAA aimed at supporting mental health. As the University of Alaska's health campus, UAA is uniquely situated to take a leadership role in supporting a healthy minds ethos on campus and collaborating with partners both on and off campus.

The program included an overview of the programs in the College of Health, Student Affairs, and the College of Arts and Sciences. The reports and recommendations from this event will be summarized and distributed


The parity odd part of the adiabatic eeective action in a 2+1 dimensional non-abelian Yang-Mills theory with a Chern-Simons term and scalar elds contains the Chern-Simons term and several other pretendors or \would be" Chern-Simons terms. We compute all of these terms, and we nd that the renormalization of the coeecient of the Chern-Simons term is altered, whether or not the symmetry is spontaneously broken. The renormalization appears to be that which would correspond to the (putative) minimal residual unbroken gauge group. There remain two puzzles. Firstly, how can this renormal-ization be altered when the symmetry is not spontaneously broken? Secondly, are the Chern-Simons term and the set of pretenders linearly independent? The Chern-Simons (CS) term is given by L CS = 2 Z d 3 xx (A a @ A a + 1 3 gf abc A a A b A c) (1) where f abc are the structure of the gauge group and g is the coupling constant. It is not gauge invariant but it can be thought of as a Wess-Zumino term 1


There are billions of animals living in close proximity to humans around the world from pets and livestock to laboratory, draught and zoo animals. The interactions these animals have with humans in captivity influence their physiology, behaviour, reproduction, growth, morbidity, and mortality. The Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) is an endangered species whose close history with humans has led to >25% of its total population living in captivity today, mostly in Asia and cared for by traditional handlers (mahouts). This thesis focuses on the relationship between mahouts and their elephants in the largest semi-captive population of elephants, the logging elephants of Myanmar. Most past studies have focused on mahout-elephant relationships from a human perspective whereas this thesis investigates their influence on elephants through measures of their physiology, immunology and behaviour. In Chapter I, I investigate current and past mahout handling systems of semi-captive elephants in Myanmar. I then assess the impact of this handling system on the elephants in Chapter II, exploring how mahout-elephant relationships and mahout experience influence elephant physiology and behaviour. Chapters III-IV focus on early mahout-elephant relationships, studying how calf traits historically were associated with mortality during taming ages (Chapter III) and monitoring calves for the first time during their traditional taming procedure (Chapter IV). Whilst vast changes to the mahout profession have been reported in recent decades in many countries across Asia, Myanmar is often quoted as one of the last remaining reservoirs of traditional mahout knowledge and expertise. This thesis shows that there have also been recent changes to the mahout profession in Myanmar, with interviews of >20 experts and >200 current mahouts finding that mahouts today tend to be younger, less experienced and to change elephants more frequently than in the past. Less experienced mahouts may maintain good quality care however, with indicators of physiological stress from >150 elephants not dependent on mahout-elephant relationship lengths or past mahout experience. Yet both specific relationship lengths with mahouts and total mahout experience had important implications for other elephant physiological measures and elephant behaviour, and I discuss potential management adjustments to account for these effects. Juvenile mortality is one of the main factors limiting population growth of these elephants. I show a >50% increase in mortality between age three and the taming age of four years, suggesting taming as an issue of both individual welfare and


Development and activation of B cells quickly became clear after identifying new ligands and receptors in the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. B cell–activating factor (BAFF) and a proliferation‐inducing ligand (APRIL) are the members of membrane proteins Type 2 family released by proteolytic cleavage of furin to form active, soluble homotrimers. Except for B cells, ligands are expressed by all such immune cells like T cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages. BAFF and APRIL have two common receptors, namely TNFR homolog transmembrane activator and Ca2+ modulator and CAML interactor (TACI) and B cell–maturation antigen. BAFF alone can also be coupled with a third receptor called BAFFR (also called BR3 or BLyS Receptor). These receptors are often expressed by immune cells in the B‐cell lineage. The binding of BAFF or APRIL to their receptors supports B cells differentiation and proliferation, immunoglobulin production and the upregulation of B cell–effector molecules expression. It is possible that the overexpression of BAFF and APRIL contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In BAFF transgenic mice, there is a pseudo‐autoimmune manifestation, which is associated with an increase in B‐lymphocytes, hyperglobulinemia, anti‐single stranded DNA, and anti‐double‐stranded DNA antibodies, and immune complexes in their peripheral blood. Furthermore, overexpressing BAFF augments the number of peripheral B220+ B cells with a normal proliferation rate, high levels of Bcl2, and prolonged survival and hyperactivity. Therefore, in this review article, we studied BAFF and APRIL as important mediators in B‐cell and discussed their role in rheumatoid arthritis.


Avalanche photodiodes (APD) are solid state quantum detectors suitable for low level light detection in the visible and near infrared regions. These devices are commercially available from many manufacturers and are fabricated using several different solid state structures. In this paper a comparison between the well developed reach through structure (RTS) aPd and the relatively newer super low ionization ratio, k, (SLIK) APD structure will be discussed. The comparison is based on the experimental characterization of two APDs with these structures. The characterization setup and experiments will be described which include the calibration of the APDs, temperature response, bias voltage response, and noise measurements including noise-equivalent-power and detectivity D*. For this comparison the selected RTS APD is the EG&G C30955E, currently used by the lidar atmospheric sensing experiment (LASE) instrument. The selected SLIK ApD is the EG&G C30649E, which is proposed for LASE development. The characterization experiments where done in order to develop an advanced atmospheric water vapor differential absorption lidar detection system.


The V-mask cumulative sum (CUSUM) or its corresponding tabular form is known to be optimal for detecting a shift in mean of magnitude 2k. It is also known that the optimality of the CUSUM is not uniform against other alternatives. This has prompted quality improvement practitioners to propose various modifications of the V-mask. Some of these modifications are somewhat ad hoc. We propose a parabolic mask which is based on a uniformly most powerful test. We compare the performance of the proposed parabolic mask with the various V-mask modifications. The results show that a CUSUM with parabolic mask is better in detecting a shift in mean across a wider range.


— Fatigue crack growth and threshold behaviour have been examined in three commercial aluminium alloys in both air and vacuum environments. It was observed that, in air, the threshold stress intensity range ΔKt, varied linearly with the ΔKt ratio. In contrast ΔK, in vacuum was found to be independent of R. Over the whole growth rate range examined fatigue crack growth in vacuum was ΔK controlled and failure occurred by a dimple and ductile striation mechanism. This also applied to failure in the intermediate growth rate ranges in air. However, at slow growth rates in air, fatigue crack growth was structure sensitive and crystallographic facets were formed during the crack propagation process.


In this article, I discuss whether the raise of AKP is an egalitarian opportunity for democratic progression in Turkey as liberal intellectuals assume or a threat for Turkish democracy as Kemalist intellectuals consider. I will focus on the parallelism between the nationalization of religion, the dual structure of Turkish culture, the oppression of local contexts and the central rationality of Enlightenment that has induced the public use of reason in Turkey. I conclude that, Turkish liberal intellectuals' philosophical assumption that draws a parallelism between the separation of liberalism from the rationality of Enlightenment and the raise of AKP is not true. I argue that we can have two different points of views for the question up on which we can conclude two different answers.


Outage in cloud computing services is a critical issue and is primarily attributed to the single data center connectivity. To address the cloud outage, this work proposes a model for the subscription and selection of more than one data center. Selection of data center can be determined by the usage of broker at the user ends itself. Provision of broker at user's end reduces the overhead at provider's end; as a result performance of cloud data center improves. For the selection of appropriate data center, broker takes the feedback from the available data centers, and select one of them. During the selection of cloud, their status up/down at that particular time is also considered. In case of outage at one data center, other can be selected from the available list. Broker also facilitates the homogeneous use of cloud by allotting the load to less congested data centers. Experimental results revealed that multiple data center approach is not only helpful in countering the outage as other data center can be selected from the broker but also the usage cost.


In this article we are presenting a research, which we have carried out based on fourteen interviews we did to lower secondary students (Portuguese 3rd cycle). This study follows the perspective of the symbolic interaction, in which both the subjective and intersubjective comprehension of the components, connected to the individual perceptions and interpretations and their reciprocal influences, may create knowledge and build theoretical "realities", which only an interpretative (comprehensive and exploratory) paradigm would be REVISTA GALEGO-PORTUGUESA DE PSICOLOXIA E EDUCACION Vol. 17, (1,2), Ano 13o-2009 ISSN: 1138-1663 GESTAO DE CONFLITOS E COMPETENCIAS DA MEDIACAO INFORMAL CONFLICTS MANAGEMENT AND INFORMAL MEDIATION SKILLS Graca DOMINGOS* Isabel FREIRE** Facultade de Psicoloxia e Ciencias da Educacao. Universidade de Lisboa Data de recepcion: 11/06/2008 Data de aceptacion: 05/03/2009 Correspondencia: * Escola Secundaria de Sampaio E-mail: email@example.com ** Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciencias da Educacao da Universidade de Lisboa. E-mail: email@example.com 9007080-REVISTA PSICOLOXIA 17 ok:REVISTA PSICOLOX. 17 23/7/09 20:11 Pagina 85


Quantitative estimates of land-level change during the AD1700 giant Cascadia earthquake along the Oregon coastline are inferred from relative sea-level changes reconstructed from fossil foraminiferal assemblages preserved within the stratigraphic record. We apply a transfer functions based upon a regional training set of surface sediment samples from estuaries along the Oregon coast. The transfer function is calibrated to fossil assemblages across sharp peat-mud and peat-sand contacts to provide paleomarsh elevations and associated sample-specific errors. The elevation estimates are supported by lithological, carbon isotope, and faunal and floral zonation data. Coseismic subsidence from Nehalem River, Nestucca River, Salmon River, Alsea Bay, Suislaw River and South Slough varies between 0.18 m and 0.85 m with associated errors of 0.18 m to 0.32 m. The quantitative estimates with increased precision compared to previous studies have implication for predictions of coseismic subsidence from elastic dislocation models, particularly in north-central Oregon. Our estimates constrain strain accumulation to 550 yrs or less with equivalent slip on the megathrust between 10 and 30 m, which is consistent with the M9 earthquake for the AD 1700 earthquake.


Control of occupational exposures to hazardous chemical and physical agents costs industry more than 150 billion dollars per year. Development of a method to identify and control hazardous agents is a high priority for industry. The application of this method will save industry millions of dollars by pinpointing sources of exposure and enable them to invest in more cost/effective engineering and ergonomic solutions. The use of real-time instruments to measure and control hazardous agents is not new. However, the application of ergonomic principles and videographic techniques to link hazardous exposures to employee job functions is new. Such methods are particularly useful when the hazardous agents are highly toxic, have low regulatory limits (i.e., permissible exposure limits), and where changes in work organization and employee work practices can significantly increase or decrease exposure to such agents. This paper discusses how a system developed at Purdue University uses real-time instruments combined with videography to evaluate and control hazardous chemical and physical agents in the occupational environment.


On the basis of 16-year long-term located fertilizer experiments in paddy soil,the changes of four fertilization patterns(no nitrogen fertilizer,nitrogen fertilizer,organic fertilizer + nitrogen fertilizer,organic fertilizer + nitrogen fertilizer + azolla) on soil mineralizable N and biomass N were studied by the short-term and long-term submerged incubation-intermittent leaching method and chloroform fumigated method.Results showed that after 16-year fertilization and planting of rice,the only nitrogen fertilizer application could decreased mineralizable N of paddy soil compared with no nitrogen fertilizer application(p0.01),and combined application of farmyard manure and chemical nitrogen fertilizer could increase mineralizable N of paddy soil(p0.01).The only nitrogen fertilizer and the combined application of farmyard manure and chemical nitrogen fertilizer application could increase the amount of biomass N in paddy soil(p0.01),but the only nitrogen fertilizer application made a max increasing range.Based on combined application of farmyard manure and chemical nitrogen fertilizer,the soil mineralizable N and biaomass N were no obvious change compared with inoculating "Azolla" for 7-year after transplanting.There was no-linear positive correlation between soil mineralizable N and biomass N,but there was extremely significant linear positive correlation between soil mineralizable N and its ratio to biomass N.