consumption of 0.7-5.4 g m-2 yr'l (21-154 kJ mn2 yr-1) or 8-61% of the annual endosperm production (average about 36%). Natural reproduction was definitely unsuccessful. The potential food resource (endosperms) for granivorous heterotrophs in the forest floor represented 1-34 g m-2 yr-1 (30-961 kJ m-2 yr-1), however, apparently postdispersal seed predation was extremely low. In 1974 about 5 % of the seed production were utilized in predispersal seed predation, whereas 90-95% entered the detritus pathway; the importance of the latter channel in the flow pattern of seed borne energy and the effect of predispersal seed predation in the research site are emphasized.


The present application discloses a DC relay circuit. Wherein, for the power conversion from the DC power source to the floating device bis current (DC) output terminal comprising: an input terminal connected to the positive and the negative input terminal of the floating DC power source; and a DC output coupled to bis end may be fed to the positive output terminal of the inverter, the negative output terminal and the ground terminal. The inverter can be any two or three inverters inverter. Charge storage device may be connected with the positive input terminal and negative input terminal connected in parallel, and the positive input terminal from the input terminal and the negative charge. Further resonant circuit may be connected between the charge storage device and dual DC output. The resonant circuit may comprise a capacitor connected in series with an inductor. Charge storage device may be switched through the output terminal to the negative or positive output terminals to any one of the resonant circuit via the discharge.


The utility model discloses an oil casing threaded connection joint tube, including a tube body and a coupling, the tube body has an external screw thread, an external sealing face and an end-face, the external sealing face is located between the external screw thread and the end-face, the inner sealing face is located between the inner screw thread and the shoulder surface, the external screw thread is in mutual connection to the inner screw thread, the end-face is adjacent to the shoulder surface in axial direction, the thread form of the external screw thread and the internal screw thread adopts a buttress thread whose load bearing surface has negative angle, the external sealing face includes an external cone surface in smooth transition to the end-face through an external circular arc, the inner sealing face includes an inner cone surface in smooth transition to the shoulder surface through an inner circular arc, the external cone surface and the inner cone surface form an interference primary seal structure after the external screw thread are mutually screwed to the inner screw thread. The joint strength of the utility model is equal to a separate tube, a multiplex sealing structure improves the sealing reliability, has higher composite bearing capacity, can be taken as substitute of import products to be applied to the oil extraction industry.


In this paper we propose a new measure of bivariate asymmetry, based on conditional correlation coefficients. A decomposition of the Pearson correlation coefficient in terms of its conditional versions is studied and an example of application of the proposed measure is given.


Quantitative measurement of X irradiated object requires calibration of the film. When the scattered radiation level is low enough, we suggest calibration of the film by means of a stepwedged series of holes carved out in the collimator periphery. In this paper we compare this with other methods.


Titanium dioxide nanoparticles with disordered outermost layer sturctures have significantly enhanced light absorption and photocatalytic properties and thus receiving enhanced attention in recent years. Engineering the outermost layers using in situ magnesium doping to tailor the band-edge of TiO2 nanoparticles was achieved via a flame aerosol reactor. The distribution of doped elements in nanoparticles could be controlled in a high temperature flame process, and which could be predicted by the comparison of different characteristic time scales, such as reaction time, coagulation time, and sintering time is proposed. In situ magnesium doping on the outermost layers effectively tailored the conduction band and electron structure of the TiO2 nanoparticles, and simultaneously improved the maximum photocurrent as well as the maximum photovoltage in dye-sensitized solar cells. These improvements were largely attributed to red-shifted light absorption, and rapid photoelectron injection into the conduction band. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 870–880, 2017


This research aims to investigate the writing anxiety of Turkish Cypriot students at the secondary education level. The level of writing anxiety of students were analysed in three different dimensions. These are "the student's own characteristics and behaviours", "the influence of family" and "the influence of the overall educational process, teacher and school". In this study, 721 secondary school (Class 6, 7, 8) students from Nicosia in Northern Cyprus completed the Writing Apprehension Test: 390 female and 330 male students within the age range of 11 to16 (Mean= 12.84, sd= 1.05). According to the Rasch analysis, the new version of Daly and Miller's (1975) WAT (3 point Likert scale) which has 20 items (10 positive and 10 negative items) and one factor was used in this study. The writing anxiety of students was examined in three basic headings (own characteristics and behaviours, family characteristics and the impact of school and teachers). Six variables were selected as baseline related to the characteristics and behaviours of students, and all of these determined variables (gender, reading frequency, keeping diary, poem writing, story writing and self-perception of own writing success) were found to be significant for writing anxiety levels. On the other hand, only one of the five variables among family impact (the frequency of newspaper purchase at home) and two of the six variables among school-teacher impact (receiving pre-school education and total working hours of Turkish language teacher) were found to be effective. Considering the results of the present study that anxiety levels of the students who read books, keep diaries or write stories, essays and poems are lower than that of the ones who do not, students should be motivated to perform these activities out of school hours.


Vehicle to Grid (V2G) is a viable solution to meet the grid requirements with present developments in electric vehicle (EV) technology and power grid. In this paper wireless access infrastructure for optimal placement of EV aggregator in power distribution network is proposed using Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) or 802.16 protocol. The load flow studies were carried out for IEEE 14 bus system and the physical layer of WiMAX protocol was modeled and simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The results demonstrate that timely placement of GEV aggregator will result in substantial reduction of active power loss.


It seems quite likely that both solid state crossbar switches and RISC vector CPU's wil I be available in the not too distant future. Given this, it is unavoidable to speculate on the architecture of desktops built with such components. One decision which seems quite reasonable is to abandon compatabilty with existing standards, except for providing interface facilities to present standard hardware protocols. Another reasonable design guideline would be to provide a wide range of computers within an integrated standard. Manufacturers would compete at the component level, allowing 0EM manufacturers or do-it-yourself-er's to concoct an endless variety of machines. Academic, industrial, and business computing needs could be served, and personal computers substantially more powerful than those available today provided. A machine costing under $IOOO0 and more powerful than a CRAY i can be built. It is still a desktop; i.e. it has a single integrated terminal and a miniature secondary storage system, and the electronics fits in a small chassis. A standard meeting these goals would consist of an 8 processor by 16 module crossbar multiprocessor. The contention loss is a factor of 1.118. A solid state crossbar switch of this size should be quite inexpensive, and the range of computing needs it serves quite diverse. The standard CPU would be a RISC vector CPU, available in several technologies. Standard I0 processors, old CPU's, and other special processors can be provided given a standard memory interface protocol. Memory chips should be restructured so that a chip consists of some number of bytes, say 128K for il lustratio~]. Each module might then consist of some number of chips, that number easi|y ranging from 1 to 8. The memory bandwidth is well over i00 MB/s with i00 nsec memory. For an example configuration, one processor is the video generator, a second is the disc DMA channel, and a third is an IO channel for other devices. There remains S slots for processors. The video generator has its own memory for the font and video buffer since it accesses these far more than the other processors. However it can read digital displays readily from the common memory, allowing graphics processors to create the digital display there. Further discussion of the video generator is given below. The DMA channels make use of the built-in shared memory capability of the crossbar to provide shared memory DMA. For example the memory side might consist of an …


This paper examines positive declaratory actions in patent disputes in Finland which are currently subject to escalating academic debate. This study intends to contribute to this discussion by firstly providing an intelligible and up t o date definition of the genesis,current form and linkages of the Finnish positive declaratory action in patent disputes.The all but antiquated existing literature on the subject will be thoroughly examined in order to assess the theoretical standing of this component of patent litigation. Secondly, and perhaps more ambitiously, this thesis will assess whether positive declaratory actions are positively contributing instrument worth upholding in the Finnish legal system. To this end the Finnish international intellectual property rights regime will be compared against selected international counterparts


In tactical High Frequency (HF) communication, sky wave and ground wave mode establish the radio link. There is a phenomenon by which antenna in ground wave mode communicates with antenna in sky wave mode. This happens due to emission of radio waves in the NULL direction. This emission can be an unintended transmission, thus can be intercepted and used by the insurgents against armed forces. Also the same can considered for the friendly communication, thus removing the skip zone.This paper describes the study of Null direction propagation of HF antenna and proposes the counter measures for the same.


Compared to plasma, treatment with 4-factor PCC for warfarin reversal in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage does not seem to reduce 30-day all-cause mortality.


The results of experimental studies of the tensile strength of the bandaged seam of walls masonry made of autoclave-hardened cellular concrete blocks are presented. A description of the installation for testing wall fragments for loads that simulate temperature effects that occur in buildings made of stone materials is given. There is no research in the effect of temperature impacts on the masonry of the walls made of cellular concrete blocks reinforced with composite grids based on basalt fiber. The results of tests for normal adhesion of cellular concrete blocks in the case of using an "AeroStone" adhesive mixture are presented. According to the results of tests of wall fragments on the load that simulates temperature effects, the effect of using a composite mesh based on basalt fiber of the "NOVAGRID" brand during axial stretching of the masonry along the bandaged seam was noted. Schemes of destruction of samples of masonry with composite mesh reinforcement and without reinforcement are presented, as well as values of destructive loads for each of the structural schemes are given. On the example of the analysis of the results of experimental studies of fragments of walls made of cellular concrete blocks, the effectiveness of using the NOVAGRID composite mesh when it is used as a reinforcement for the perception of horizontal tensile forces arising in the masonry is shown.


Abstract This article addresses the issue of selecting Financial Strategies in Multi-National companies (F.S.M.). The F.S.M. typically has to consider multiple factors involving multiple stakeholders and, hence, can be handled by applying an appropriate Multi-Criteria Group Decision-Making (M.C.G.D.M.) approach. To address this issue, we develop an M.C.G.D.M. framework to tackle the F.S.M. problem. To handle inherent uncertainty in business decisions as reflected by linguistic reasoning, we embark on constructing a Linguistic Pythagorean Fuzzy (L.P.F.) M.C.G.D.M. framework that is capable of tackling both uncertain decision information and linguistic variables. The proposed approach extends the combinative distance-based assessment (C.O.D.A.S.) method into the L.P.F. environment, and processes decision input expressed as Pythagorean fuzzy sets (P.F.S.) and pure linguistic variables (rather than converting linguistic information into fuzzy numbers). The developed L.P.F.-C.O.D.A.S. technique aggregates the L.P.F. information and is applied to the F.S.M. problem with uncertain linguistic information. A comparative analysis is carried out to compare the results obtained from the proposed L.P.F.-C.O.D.A.S. approach with those from other extensions of C.O.D.A.S. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to check the impact of changes in a distance threshold parameter on the ranking results.


In this exhibition, interdisciplinary artist Tonya A. Meyrick presents a body of new work that explores the relationship between memory and place.Tonya A. Meyrick explores the recollection and perception of memory and considers how our memories are not stable; rather, they are fickle and tied to the places which we inhabit, past events and the ebb and flow of our daily patterns. The act of remembering, putting our memories back together is the thread that runs through this exhibition of large format digital still and moving artworks coupled with an experience of augmented reality


This report provides a brief review of efforts to develop and construct a natural gas pipeline from Prudhoe Bay, a status report on recent efforts to proceed, and an analysis of major relevant policy issues.


Chicken meat has nutritional contents consisting of 18.06% protein, 15.01% fat, 66.00% water and 0.79% ash. High water content in chicken meat can affect bacterial growth quickly, hence causing meat to get rotten easily. Antibacterial use is greatly needed in inhibiting damage by using vannamei shrimp shell chitosan. Chitosan as a natural preservative is safe to consume for chitosan is a polysaccharide and easily degraded biologically and has positively charged polycation so it can inhibit bacterial growth and also have H atom, so it can bind the water.
The study aims to determine the effect of chitosan concentration of vannamei shrimp shells (Litopaneaus vannameii) on the number of bacterial colonies and water content of broiler chicken fillets as a learning resource of biology. The study is an actual experiment with the research design of The Post Test Only Control Group Design. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one independent variable namely the concentration of chitosan vannamei shrimp (Litopaneaus vannameii) (0%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%). Data on the number of bacterial colonies and water content were analyzed by one way anova test and continued with Duncan's test at 5% level of significance. This research is used as a learning resource of biology.
The results showed that there were effects of various concentrations of chitosan vannamei shrimp (Litopaneaus vannameii) shells on the number of bacterial colonies and water content of broiler chicken fillets. The high addition of chitosan concentration of vannameii shrimp (Litopaneaus vannameii) shells of 2% then, it inhibits the number of bacterial colonies with an average value of 4.5x105 and decreases the water content with an average value of 47.19%. The results of this study can be used as a learning resource of biology for the first grade of Senior High School (SMA) in Basic Competencies (KD) 4.11.


This paper summarized the experiences in agricultural research management over the past 40 years,analyzed the problems that we should pay attention to in the agricultural research management in China,and gave some practical suggestions.


Abstract: 18F‐Setoperone, a sensitive radioligand for brain serotonin 5‐HT2 receptor positron emission tomography studies, is metabolized into 18F‐labeled metabolites, which participate in blood 18F radioactivity. Its main metabolite, identified as reduced 18F‐setoperone, was synthesized and studied in humans to determine if 18F‐labeled metabolites of 18F‐setoperone (a) enter into the brain, (b) bind to the 5‐HT2 receptor, and (c) explain the increase of 18F radioactivity in the free fraction in blood measured following 18F‐setoper‐one injection. After reduced 18F‐setoperone injection, the brain‐to‐blood 18F radioactivity concentration ratio (a) was low, at the beginning, indicating that this metabolite did not cross the blood‐brain barrier; (b) was increased thereafter, with a higher radioactivity level in the choroid plexus than in brain tissue, suggesting a blood‐CSF barrier crossing due to radioligand hydrophilicity; and (c) showed similar kinetics for cerebellum and frontal cortex, indicating that radioactive metabolites of 18F‐setoperone did not bind to the 5‐HT2 receptor. Because hydrophilic 18F‐labeled metabolites of 18F‐setoperone increased 18F radioactivity in the free fraction in blood, we quantified the relation between 18F‐se‐toperone metabolism and free fraction kinetics in blood. A significant negative correlation was found between metabolism and free fraction rate constants in blood, showing it was possible to predict the 18F‐setoperone metabolism rate using free fraction kinetics in blood. This will allow us to avoid the use of radio‐TLC, a reference method that is difficult to use when multiple samples must be analyzed. A hydrophilic positron‐emitter radioligand could also be used to study the blood‐CSF barrier.


Although quenching is one of the most widely used heat treatments in the metal-mechanical industry to improve the mechanical properties of steels, it is also responsible for the generation of residual stress, distortion, and fractures in the treated parts. The high-temperature gradients present during quenching and martensitic transformation are the main failure mechanisms. Cooling is the critical quenching stage where several variables that need to be controlled are involved in reducing these problems. The objective of this research was to evaluate the main variables in the quenching process in SAE 4340 steels, which promote distortion, residual stress accumulation, and fracture failures. A 2ᴷ factorial experiment was designed, samples with C-ring geometry susceptible to changes in quenching variables were used, and the variables studied were the agitation and temperature of the quenching medium. Experimental measurements, statistical tools and modeling were used to evaluate and predict the distortion generated in quenched samples. Such tools include Minitab 21® software and its statistics utilities. Furthermore, a finite element method model was carried out using STFC Deform®. The results suggest that there are optimal conditions in the quenching process to minimize distortion and residual stresses and to improve mechanical properties of quenched parts; therefore, the methods used in this work could be useful to detect and control the appearance of defects in an industrial environment.


This paper simplifies recycled aggregate testing procedures. Eleven physical and mechanical properties of aggregate are investigated: uncompacted bulk density; compacted bulk density; particle density; water absorption; aggregate crushing value; dry strength; wet strength; contaminant; weak particle; flakiness index; and particle shape. The experiments conducted are based on Australian Standard 1141 and HB 155. Eleven recycled aggregate samples collected from construction and demolition sites and centralised recycling plants located in Brisbane, Gold Coast and Sydney, Australia are used. The simplified testing procedures are established by undertaking a regression analysis among different aggregate tests. From the results, three groups of tests are refined: group I (density, water absorption, strength and contaminant); group II (weak particle); and group III (shape). By implementing the prediction equations, reduction in testing by about 63·6% is achieved with full understanding of the quality of recycled...


The Urrao town and the adjoining areas are situated on the wide alluvial planes made up of modern grave! deposits dissected by the Penderisco river and its tributaries giving rise to stepped terraces ocupying low topographic levels. At higher elevation, stepped valleys and plains are found, starting from the Penderisco flat up to the very top of the mountains, known as the "Paramo de Frontino". Such profiles can nomally be divides into tour sections: cliff tace or escarpermente, talus, concave slope and rectilinear slope. Thefr origen can be attributed to the combined effects climate and tectonics. The stepped valleys and plains are normally made up of the heterogeneous mixtures of blocks of igneous and sedimentary rocks and rarely volcanics, ali of which were originally derived from the h ighground of "Paramo". Many of these blocks are found in isolated hills, being removed very far from their sauce. This can probably be explained by reconstructing the original pre-erosion surface and new hydraulic regimen of the Penderisco river, as it follows the present course the hill slopes above the Penderisco river and the valleys at higher topographic levels are at low angles but that does not necesarily reflect the age of the landforms. In sorne cases, fluvial erosion has been the active agent in deepening the valley profiles, but only at topographically high ground (Paramo), they can be best seen in closed V valleys. The sedimentary rocks of the Penderisco Formation beolong to late Cretaceous early Tertiary intruded by the late Tertiary, high level stock of Frontino. In general, the geomorphological development of the area is related not only to the process of weathering and erosion, but also to the physicochemical characteristic of these rocks.


The widespread use of halogen-based reagents in organic synthesis is well known. Hypervalent halogens (oxidation states III and V) have been explored to a significant extent. Among them, hypervalent iodine reagents have found major use and applications. In contrast, understanding of the reactivity of halogen(I) species in the presence of Lewis bases, and their reaction mechanisms, are very limited. This microreview sheds light on the importance of halogen(I) species and their applications in organic synthesis. In commercially available halogen(I) precursors such as N-halosuccinimides, the halogen atom is attached to the nitrogen atom through a covalent bond with low electrophilicity and thus low reactivity. Interestingly, the reactivity increases if the electrophilic halogen(I) atom is attached to a Lewis base through a polarized covalent bond. The halogen-bonding interaction between the Lewis base and the halonium ion (or halonium ion equivalent) results in highly reactive and thermodynamically stable halogen(I) intermediates that act as versatile reagents. This microreview unravels the evolution of the unstable halogen(I) intermediates to become versatile reagents.


This paper demonstrates the catalytic activity of ionic liquids with an 1‐alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium cation ([Rmim][X]) in the oxidation of ethylbenzene as a model hydrocarbon. The interaction between ionic liquids and N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) were examinated with or without Co(II). The activity of the studied ionic liquids and selected tetraalkylammonium salts ([R4N][X]) is compared. The influence of the structure of the alkyl substituents [R] and anions (in which [X]=[Cl], [Br], or [I]) on the reaction course was determined. The interaction between NHPI and the selected ionic liquids was proven using 1H NMR. It was shown that the formation of hydrogen bonds between the hydrogen atom in the −NOH group in NHPI and the anion [X] in [Rmim][X] influenced the rate of the oxidation reaction by accelerating the formation of the N‐oxyl radical responsible for the NHPI activity.


Micro- and mesoporous carbons are attractive electrode materials with the unique porous structure, narrow pore size distribution and possibility to fine-tune the pore size for electrodes of electrical double layer capacitors (EDLC), commonly called supercapacitors. The excellent adsorptivity of carbide-derived carbon (CDC) has been demonstrated but these materials are quite expensive and the main aim of this work was to establish conditions for the preparation of nanoporous carbon electrodes, based on less expensive raw materials, synthesis and activation (i.e. with H2O vapor) methods.


T cells may be activated by the antigen-specific T-cell receptor (TCR)-CD3 complex upon interaction with allogeneic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens or foreign antigens in association with syngeneic MHC molecules. In addition t o the TCR. several other cell-surface molecules are important for T-cell adhesion and activation. These molecules include lymphocyte-function associated antigen (LFA)-I. CD2 (TII, Leu 5, LFA-2)CD4 (T4, Leu 3 in the human, L3T4 in the mouse), and CD8 (T8, Leu 2 in the human, Lyt-2 in the mouse) on the T cell, and LFA-3 on the target or stimulator cell (TABLE 1) . LFA-1 is a heterodimer involved in antigen-independent conjugate formation between the T cell and target or stimulator cell, and may play a wider role in cell adhesion of lymphoid cells.'.? CD2 is a receptor on T cells whose natural ligand on the stimulator cell is LFA-3, a broadly distributed glycoprotein.1-4 Although the CD2/ LFA-3 interaction clearly functions in cell-cell adhesion, recent data suggest that it may play a role in T-cell activation. Functional studies and monoclonal antibody (mAb)-inhibition data indicate that the CD4 and CD8 glycoproteins appear to interact with nonpolymorphic regions of MHC class I1 and class I molecules. respectively. and may serve to enhance antigen-specific recognition.' Much of our understanding about the cell-surface antigens CD2, CD4, and CD8 has been derived from the analysis of the functional effect of mAb directed against these molecules. In the last several years, it has become clear that the


1. Introduction. In 1966, Kuttner(4) constructed (D, α) summability methods for functions. In this paper, strong and absolute summabilities based on (D, α) summability methods are defined and some of their properties investigated.


S.A.T. Project (US 6.431.078 B2) is a three-dimensional transportation system, - a dynamic transportation system - which will create the first step towards the breaking-up with the bi-dimensional use of modern cities. It is designed for the transportation of people and/or freight (around 15-20 passenger per unit). It consists of unitary electric-vehicles, working under different directions of movement: horizontal, vertical, and on a gradient. Its tracks are modular structures in the form of suspended tubes requiring minimum supports. Vehicles will work under various displacement directions (suspended, laid on tracks, and laterally supported). It will consequently act as a catalytic tool towards the re-definition of urban space, generating mutations on architectural morphology and typology. It is a private-public transportation system, due to the possibility of interacting under different urban scales, from a smaller one and private to a larger and public scale. SAT project will provide a possible sustainable solution to the new demand and requirement for urban transportation in the future. In this paper, a first attempt for developing a library of simulation building block is discussed in order to be able to evaluate the SAT-project, its' merits for reliable logistic service, technical feasibility, environmental benefits and cost performance.


Tremendous progress in numerical analyses of metal forming processes has been achieved in the recent years and the finite element simulation has become a powerful tool in many industries. Trends of development of simulation technology are summarized. Some recent applications of the DEFORMTM-3D system to a wide range of cold metal forming and associated processes are presented, including mesh-tomesh contact cases and a thread rolling example.


This dissertation develops semantic accounts of a range of expressions: Attitude verbs, discourse particles, and additive particles. What these expressions have in common is that (i) they can be viewed as operating on the semantic content of the clause they appear with, (ii) they appear with both declarative and interrogative clauses, and (iii) their behavior differs in interesting ways depending on the clause type they appear with. The solutions advanced here depart from existing work in that they provide unified accounts that are applicable to both the declarative and interrogative case. This immediately predicts the distributional and selectional flexibility of the expressions under investigation and captures their meaning contribution without the need of invoking auxiliary mechanisms like type-shifting. At the same time, although unified accounts treat declarative and interrogative clauses alike, they can still predict the distributional and selectional restrictions and interpretive differences that an expression may exhibit between these two clause types. These differences can be derived from the way in which the lexical semantics of the expression interacts with independent semantic properties of interrogative and declarative clauses. To formally enable semantic accounts that unify the declarative and interrogative case, this dissertation uses unified notions of semantic content. It is assumed that declarative and interrogative clauses make the same kind of semantic objects available, and expressions like attitude verbs, discourse particles and additive particles operate on these objects.


An organic synthesis 'round trip' between natural product total synthesis and the development of new synthetic methods will be presented. This journey started with a project aimed at the total synthesis of the complex polycyclic diterpene natural product rameswaralide, isolated from soft corals. The original plan to perform a transannular (4+3)-type cycloaddition or annulation, based on classical aldol and Michael-type chemistry and on biosynthetic speculation, revealed an unexpectedly smooth dehydrative seven membered ring-forming reaction between a conjugated diene and a furfuryl alcohol. This observation led us to investigate the possible mechanism for such a transformation, a study which in turn revealed an efficient (4+3) cycloaddition between furfuryl cations and a wide range of 1,3-diene reaction partners. The scope of this new substrate-driven (i.e. non-catalysed) cycloaddition reaction, proved to be quite general and the reaction has now been used as the key step for two new short total syntheses of natural products.


The invention discloses a hemodialysis instrument which can work continuously and is easy to carry. The hemodialysis instrument comprises an outer shell, multifunctional pumps, a dialyser, a reverse osmosis membrane filter, a power supply, a waste liquid bag, a blood tube and a catheter; a waste liquid outlet of the dialyser in the outer shell is connected with a liquid inlet of the reverse osmosis membrane filter by a waste liquid tube; a liquid outlet of the reverse osmosis membrane filter is connected with the waste liquid bag; a filtrate outlet of the reverse osmosis membrane filter is communicated with the catheter at the liquid outlet of the dialyser by a filtrate tube; multifunctional pumps are arranged at a liquid inlet tube which is connected with the liquid inlet of the dialyser, the waste liquid tube and the filtrate tube at the filtrate outlet of the reverse osmosis membrane filter; the interior of the liquid inlet tube at the liquid inlet of the dialyser is provided with an electrode which is used for measuring the concentration of blood urea; the electrode is connected with a microcomputer processor; the microcomputer processor is connected with a microcomputer control valve; the microcomputer control valve is arranged in the catheter which is arranged at the liquid outlet of the reverse osmosis membrane filter; and the microcomputer processor is connected with a memory card simultaneously. Compared with the traditional dialyser, the size of the hemodialysis instrument is smaller, and the dialysis fluid does not need to be purchased additionally when in use. The usage of the hemodialysis instrument can reduce the suffering and the medical expenses of the patients to a great extent.


Objective: Modelling the relationship between weather, climate and infectious diseases can help identify high‐risk periods and provide understanding of the determinants of longer‐term trends. We provide a detailed examination of the non‐linear and delayed association between temperature and salmonellosis in three New Zealand cities (Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch).


The increased advancement in nanosciences in recent times has led to fascinating innovations. It has potential applications for altering the structural, surface, and physicochemical properties of nano-ranged metamaterials. The adaptable optical, structural, and surface characteristics of the nanoscopic regimes enhance the quality of integrated nanodevices and sensors. These are further used in optoelectronics, biomedicines, and catalysis. The use of nanomaterials for constructing nano-biosensors and various other organic and inorganic functional nanomaterials is quite promising. They have excellent electronic and surface-to-volume reactivity. Their various applications include metal and metal-oxides-based nanoparticles, clusters, wires, and 2D nanosheets as carbon nanotubes. More recently, hybrid nanomaterials are being developed to regulate sensing functionalities in the field of nanomedicine and the pharmaceutical industry. They are used as nano-markers, templates, and targeted agents. Moreover, the mechanical strength, chemical stability, durability, and flexibility of the hybrid nanomaterials make them appropriate for developing a healthy life for humans. This consists of a variety of applications, such as drug delivery, antimicrobial impacts, nutrition, orthopedics, dentistry, and fluorescence fabrics. This review article caters to the essential importance of nanoscience for biomedical applications and information for health science and research. The fundamental characteristics and functionalities of nanomaterials for particular biomedical uses are specifically addressed here.


Objective To review knowledge of computed tomography (CT) parameters and their influence on patient dose and image quality amongst a cohort of clinical specialist radiographers (CSRs) and examining radiologists. Methods A questionnaire survey was devised and distributed to a cohort of 65 examining radiologists attending the American Board of Radiology exam in Kentucky in November 2011. The questionnaire was later distributed by post to a matching cohort of Irish CT CSRs. Each questionnaire contained 40 questions concerning CT parameters and their influence on both patient dose and image quality. Results A response rate of 22 % (radiologists) and 32 % (CSRs) was achieved. No difference in mean scores was detected between either group (27.8±4 vs 28.1±4, P =0.87) although large ranges were noted (18 – 36). Considerable variations in understanding of CT parameters was identified, especially regarding operation of automatic exposure control and the influence of kilovoltage and tube current on patient dose and image quality. Radiologists were unaware of recommended diagnostic reference levels. Both cohorts were concerned regarding CT doses in their departments. Conclusions CT parameters were well understood by both groups. However, a number of deficiencies were noted which may have a considerable impact on patient doses and limit the potential for optimisation in clinical practice.


Despite its diversity, Cognitive Science is still being mainly carried out under a broad cognitivist approach. By cognitivism, we mean the view of cognition as informationprocessing as conceived by the representational-computational view of the mind: as symbol-crunching. Cognitivism suffers from well known shortcomings (frame-problem, grounding problem, common-code problem, lack of temporal dimension,...) which were identified a long time ago, without much progress towards its overcoming.


This paper reviews beam engineering of mid‐infrared and terahertz quantum cascade lasers (QCLs), based on two approaches: designer plasmonic structures and deformed microcavities. The plasmonic structures couple laser emission into surface waves and control the laser wavefront in the near‐field, thereby greatly increasing beam collimation or introducing new functionalities to QCLs. The plasmonic designs overall preserve laser performance in terms of operating temperature and power output. The deformed microcavity QCLs operate primarily on whispering‐gallery modes, which have much higher quality factors than other modes, leading to lower threshold current densities. Cavity deformations are carefully controlled to greatly enhance directionality and output power.


Suppose a dishonest fudiciary accepts a bribe to compromise the interests of the beneficiary of the duty. Clearly, the beneficiary has been wronged and may hold the fiduciary personally liable. But does the fiduciary hold the bribe and the investments in a constructive trust for the beneficiary? To many writers, general principles of equity say that this question should be answered affirmatively.' However, the Court of Appeal answered it negatively in Lister v Stubbs2 and, until recently, its decision was accepted as law.3 This pattern was finally broken last year. In Attorney General of Hong Kong v Reid,4 the Privy Council, in a judgment given by Lord Templeman, allowed an appeal from the New Zealand Court of Appeal5 and effectively overturned Lister v Stubbs. This note therefore examines Lord Templeman's judgment in Reid and compares it to that in Lister v Stubbs. It approves of the decision in Reid, to the extent that the courts are now able to impose a constructive trust over bribes. However, it disapproves of the Privy Council's failure to give due regard to the impact that a constructive trust could have on the legitimate interests of creditors.


Abstract Informed by psychoanalytic and child development theories, this paper explores the therapeutic value of play with a severely ill one-year-old in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). It focuses particularly on the game of peek-a-boo and how it enabled this baby to communicate.


The main purpose of this study is developed and dru g loaded nanoparticles of azelastine hydrochloride, an antiallergic drug and optimization in terms of chemical properti es, drug concentration, polymer concentration, cros s‐linking agent and stirring time. Nanoparticles of azelastine hydr ochloride were fabricated using chitosan and sodium alginate as polymers by ionotropic pregelation method. Calcium chloride was also included in the formulation for p regelation of sodium alginate. Chitosan and sodium alginate suspe nsion further crosslinked with calcium chloride. Di fferent formulations of nanoparticles were prepared using d ifferent concentrations of chitosan, stirringtime o f r tation and polymers to drug ratio in the nanoparticles. The av r ge particle size ranged between 232.30 nm to 638 .3 nm. Drug entrapment ranged between 70.00% ‐92.2%. The result indicated that the drug loaded na nop rticles of azelastine hydrochloride showed optimum particle size, maximum drug entrapment, zeta potential (>30)with drug pol ymer ratio 05:75, cross ‐linking agents 0.5 ml, stirring rate 800 rpm and st irring time 30 min.


The formation of Mannich bases from the reaction of silyl enol ethers with N-methyl-N-mesitylmethyleniminium salt, generated by the electrochemical oxidation of N,N-dimethylmesidine, was studied. Important factors influencing the reaction are: (a) the silyl enol ether must be nucleophilic enough to react with the iminium salt and, at the same time, must be more difficult to oxidize than the tertiary amine, (b) the product of the reaction must not be oxidized at the operating potential. Examples are presented in this paper illustrating the successes and limitations of this reaction.


Introduction: The earliest sign of renal involvement is an elevated rate of urinary albumin excretion. One of the strongest predictors of microalbuminuria is the duration of diabetes. However, population-based studies reported albuminuria in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of albuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients at diagnosis. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study,235 (32. 3% male and 67.7% female) newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients, from the Isfahan endocrine and metabolism research center were enrolled. The patients were evaluated for age, height, weight, cigarette smoking, blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose, serum lipid and lipoprotein, triglyceride and albuminuria. Urinary albumin excretion was determined from timed 24-h. Albuminuria were defined as urinary albumin excretion above > 30 mg/24 h. Mean age was 49.2±9.2 year and BMI 28/8±4/9 Kg/m 2 . The prevalence of albuminuria was 16.6% and more prevalent in males than females. (27.6% being more 11.6% respectively). In albuminuric patients mean of age, BMI, diastolic and systolic blood pressure were higher than in the normoalbuminric individuals, whereas no differences were seen in cholesterol, triglycerides, lipid profiles or smoking between the groups. In a logistic regression analysis, male sex, hypertension and retinopathy, are independent risk factors for albuminuria. Conclusion: These data suggest that an appreciable percentage of individuals have abnormal albumin excretion within the first year after the onset of type 2 diabetes. These findings suggest that urinary tests for albuminuia at diagnosis and control of risk factors in Type 2 diabetic patients can decrease progression of diabetic neohropathy.


The invention discloses a transmission method and a transmission device for uplink control information based on a single symbol, and a terminal. The method comprises the steps of acquiring a modulated uplink control data symbol according to the uplink control information; performing Fourier transform on the uplink control data symbol, thus acquiring uplink control frequency domain data; and mapping pilot frequency data and the uplink control frequency domain data into at least one physical resource block in the single symbol, wherein the single symbol is used for uplink transmission. According to the scheme of the method and the device provided by the invention, a peak-to-average power ratio can be reduced.


This article aims at providing a brief overview of one of the most important movements in American Literature, Transcendentalism. Three questions will be addressed in this article. First, why can Transcendentalism be considered a movement in spite of contradiction and disagreement among members? Second, what are the main points in the works of Emerson, Thoreau, and Whitman, the most representative writers of Transcendentalism? Third, is it precise to call Emerson the thinker, Thoreau the experimenter, and Whitman the singer of this movement?


response to an extremely serious problem. The evidence that suggests this is simple enough: The same problem has been known for two decades. Flop can it be that the very I arge number of distinguished scientists, engineers, university presidents and government administrators who now appear on various podia to advocate the immediate abolition of &dquo;technological illiteracy&dquo; had never mentioned the very same topic in the previous 20 years while they had control of money and policies directly bearing on the issue. What has caused this heightened response to the new &dquo;crisis&dquo;? In the U.S. two major events stand out. The first is the virtual abolition of the National Science Foundation's Science Education Cirectorate by President Reagan, and the loss of revenue to many universities whether or not their work had any bearing on technological literacy. The second is the effort to explain the relative decline in U.S. civilian technological dominance of the world markets. Causes and explanations of the situation are often linked to oversimplified correlations with either the cessation of growth of basic research budgets or the 20 year decline in national average Scholastic Aptitude Test scores. The faddish nature of this response is nowhere revealed more clearly than in the inverse correlation of the latter two variables. The decline in SAT scores (and indeed the decline in Science Education


In view of the group construction development and requirement changes of urban fringe, the characters of scenic areas in the urban fringe are analyzed, and key issues to be solved in the controlled detail planning compiling of there areas are studied. Based on the balanced development of the improvement of ecological environment and high-efficiency us of land resources of the planning area, and the comprehensive consideration of the land resources planning, urban planning and scenic site planning and the land use models of various regulations and standards, the classification of land use in these kind of areas are made new exploration so as to establish corresponding and balanced construction and non-construction land use index control system.


An investigation on galling problem happened during stand off inspection for 339.7 mm×12.19 mm N80 BC casing are given,and the make-up and break-out test for some casing specimens are carried out.Per investigation and make-up and break-out test,it is found that there is galling problem for this batch casing.The galling cause during stand off inspection is mainly related to be not in good engagement between pin and female gage that result in over interference and galling in local area because of bad thread joint quality.Selecting proper dope can reduces galling extent during stand off inspection.The surface treatment for thread joints have good resistance to galling.In order to guarantee the casings to be used normally,stabbing protector and strap wrench must be used,and making up should done at low speed during casing running.


Feminists have long argued that structural inequality between men and women influences the prevalence of female homicide victimization. In the present study, a cross-sectional analysis was performed using data on 3,083 U.S. counties in 2000 to assess the impact of women's absolute status and gender inequality along educational, employment, income, and occupational dimensions and patriarchal culture on their risk of homicide victimization. The findings indicate that only women's absolute status contributes to our understanding of cross-sectional variation in female homicide rates across U.S. counties and lends support to Marxist feminist theory.


The invention relates to a device for eye monitoring, comprising an inspection glass (3) and a frame (2) that accommodates the inspection glass, wherein the inspection glass (3) is a planar optical waveguide (4) or comprises at least a planar optical waveguide (4), the planar optical waveguide (4) comprising at least one layer having luminescent particles. According to the invention, at least one photosensor (5) is arranged on the inspection glass (3) or the planar optical waveguide (4), said photosensor detecting the intensity of the luminescence light guided in the planar optical waveguide (4) and/or in the inspection glass (3) by means of total internal reflection (TIR).


Space-time modulation induced non-reciprocity in EM metasurfaces is proposed and numerically demonstrated using rigorous Generalized Sheet Transitions Conditions (GSTCs) under oblique plane-wave incidence. It is phenomenologically shown that the space-time modulation of surface susceptibilities create an inherent asymmetry with respect to the directional perturbation on the metasurface and the transverse wave momentum of the input wave, between forward and backward propagations, resulting in non-reciprocal wave transmission. Exploiting the periodicity of the surface susceptibilities in both time and space, Floquet mode expansion method is used to rigorously compute the scattered fields from, inherently dispersive metasurfaces, by solving GSTCs in combination with causal Lorentzian surface susceptibilities. Various harmonic solutions are shown and the non-reciprocal wave transmission has been confirmed under oblique plane-wave incidence.


The utility model relates to a processing mold, in particular to a pressure mold for processing cylindrical workpieces. The above mold is characterized in that it comprises an outer mold and an inner mold. The outer mold is a sleeve and the inner surface thereof is a taper. The inner mold comprises a plurality of conical wedges circumferencially equispaced. The inner surfaces of the conical wedges are in anastomosis with the surfaces of the workpieces, while the outer surfaces of the conical wedges are in anastomosis with the inner surfaces of the outer mold. Wedge bond between the outer mold and the inner mold is adopted. By adopting vertical pressurization instead of horizontal pressurization, higher output pressure is obtained under lower input pressure, which effectively lowers the load requirement of pressurized equipments. The conical wedges circumferencially equispaced as the inner mold for loading components basically enable the sections of workpieces to be round. The movement distance of the pressurized outer mold increases substantially, thereby improving the processing precision thereof.


PURPOSE:Customized casting arch splint was made according to the outline of different patient's dental arch and teeth contour to treat anterior mandibular fracture.METHODS:First,the dental model was produced and was sawed along the fracture line.After that,these two seperated components were bounded according to the occluding relation.Plastic dies of lingual and buccal arch were produced and cast.In the end,the two casting arch splints were ligated to the manually deducted mandibular arch.RESULTS:In all 18 cases,the condition of bone healing were very good,and the occlusion was recovered after 6 to 8 weeks by this treatment.CONCLUSION:Individual casting arch splint is an effective tool in the treatment of anterior mandibular fracture.


This article examines the questions of responsibility for funding cleanup of coal tar residues from former gas manufacturing plants. Topics discussed include ownership of abandoned sites, do current owners pay, and how to share costs between shareholders and ratepayers. The article looks at decisions made and actions taken by commissioners in Massachusetts, Iowa, Minnesota, California, New Jersey, and Illinois.


We regard anisotropic Maxwell's equations as a boundary control and observation system on a bounded Lipschitz domain. The boundary is split into two parts: one part with perfect conductor boundary conditions and the other where the control and observation takes place. We apply a feedback control law that stabilizes the system in a semi-uniform manner without any further geometric assumption on the domain. This will be achieved by separating the equilibriums from the system and show that the remaining system is described by an operator with compact resolvent. Furthermore, we will apply a unique continuation principle on the resolvent equation to show that there are no eigenvalues on the imaginary axis.


Conjugate gradient algorithm is a classical method for large-scaled optimization problems.Based on the relationships of real gradient and complex gradient,real Hessian and complex Hessian,the conjugate gradient algorithm is extended to the complex domain.To cope with the disadvantages of conjugate gradient algorithm,this paper proposes using the negative curvature direction as the search direction for the case that the Hessian matrix is indefinite.By means of the simplify idea of function derivation in real domain,the process to search the descent direction becomes easier.Meanwhile,the step size is adjusted according to the value of function so as to keep the decline of the function value.The simulations show that improved method can obtain a better performance.


The entanglement property of Heisenberg XXZ model which under the variety magnetic field environment is investigated.By numerical calculation,the authors derive the analytical express of thermal concurrence.And by simulation,the result of it shows that the thermal entanglement of system is sensitive to the variety of external magnetic,the variety of anisotropy parameter and the temperature.To raise the critical temperature of system,some conditions about the range of external magnetic field and the variety of anisotropy have been provided.


The parliamentary nomination of Authorities constitutes one of the principal historical forms of public charges designation, as we will demonstrate in this study where we examine the presence of the parliamentary corporations of the main political organizations which have existed before the Constitutional State: the Gerusia, the Boule, the Roman Senate, the medieval Preparliaments or the representative assemblies anticipated in the different North American colonial Charts. Besides, the parliamentary election of Authorities occupies a relevant place in the political thought of the Modern Age, appearing as an ideal form of designation of the Magistrates in important works of the utopian tradition as City of Sun, Utopia or The Perfect Republic.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of symptom distress and perceived quality of life in women who have or have had breast cancer. A descriptive, correlational study was conducted with clients from an out-patient Oncology Unit, a private physician's office and members of two local cancer support groups. A convenience sample of 24 metastatic breast cancer patients completed the Demographic sheet, a Symptom Distress Scale and A Quality of Life Index form. It was hypothesized there would be a significant relationship between scores on the Symptom Distress Scale and those on the Quality of Life Index. The Pearson correlation coefficient for the quality of life total and the symptom distress total was -0.3739 (not statistically significant at the 0.05 level). However, it was noted that higher scores on the quality of life index were inversely related to lower scores on the symptom distress scale. Therefore data suggest those individuals experiencing low symptom distress seem to have a higher quality of life. Analysis of variance for quality of life was performed using quality of life score as the dependent variable and chemotherapy (yes or no ) as the independent variable, (F = 5.732, significant at the 0.05 level). Follow-up testing indicated the mean quality of life total for the subjects not having chemotherapy was significantly greater than for subjects who were having or had received chemotherapy. Analysis of variance was performed using symptom distress total as the dependent variable and chemotherapy (yes or no) as the independent variable, (F = 10.2249 significant at the 0.01 level). Follow-up testing indicated that the mean symptom distress total for the subjects having chemotherapy is significantly greater than for the subjects who are not having chemotherapy. No other analysis of variance procedures were performed because the sub-class sizes were too small (<10). A weakness of the study was that technically there should have been at least 10 items per sub-class for a valid analysis of variance. Therefore a Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance was performed using quality of life total as the dependent variable and chemotherapy code (yes or no) as the independent variable. The test statistic for this analysis is distributed as chi square with 1 degree of freedom. The test statistic had a value of 3.375, and it was significant at the 0.0666 significance level. This result indicated the mean quality of life total for the subjects who were not presently receiving chemotherapy was significantly greater than those who are presently having chemotherapy. K ruskal-Wa11is one-way analysis of variance was also performed for symptom distress using the same variables. The test statistic had a value of 6.8299, and it was significant at the 0.0090 significance level. This result indicated that the mean symptoms distress total for the subjects who are presently having chemotherapy is significantly greater than for the subjects who are no longer receiving chemotherapy. From this study, further nursing interventions will be formulated.


Objective To investigate the effect of astragalus polysaccharide(APS) , a component of an aqueous extract of astragalus membranaceus roots, on differentiation and maturation of mice myelogenic dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro. Methods Progenitors of DCs collected from mouse bone marrow were treated with APS, APS+ rmGM-CSF, APS+rmIL-4 and rmGM-CSF+rmIL-4 respectively for seven days. The immature DCs from bone marrow cells with rmGM-CSF+rmIL-4 cultured for six days were treated with or without LPS and APS two days before the cells and superatant were harvested. The phenotypes of these harvested cells were compared by flow cytometry. The morphologic features of the cells were observed under inverted microscopy and analyzed by electronmicroscopy. Results APS(the doses were adopted by 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/L) could not induce DCs from bone marrow progenitor cells in vitro. However, the immature DCs treated with APS for two or seven days expressing high density of costimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86, CDllc) and MHC-Ⅱclass molecules were observed with typical morphology by electronmicroscopy. Conclusions APS can induce DCs from mouse bone marrow cells into mature ones in vitro, this effect was positively correlated with concentrations between 50-100 mg/L. But APS at the above dosages can not induce differentiation of mouse bone marrow progenitor into DCs.


Using scanning tunneling microscopy observations, preferable adsorption sites of C60 and C70 fullerenes on pristine Si(111)7 × 7 and Al-modified Si(111)α–7 × 7-Al surfaces at 300 and 450 K were determined. The C60 and C70 molecules display similar, albeit not identical, adsorption behavior while the most essential variance is related with the hosting surfaces, pristine 7×7 or α–7 × 7-Al. Both C60 and C70 prefer to occupy positions above the Si rest atoms upon adsorption onto Si(111)7 × 7 at 300 K and change their preferable sites for those located at the Si edge adatom at 450 K, that is plausibly accompanied by releasing the Si adatom. Upon C60 and C70 adsorption onto Si(111)α–7 × 7-Al surface at 300 K, the fullerenes prefer to occupy the asymmetric sites at the dimer rows. At 450 K, the C70 fullerenes preserve this location, while about half of the C60 fullerenes change it for that at the corner Si adatom position. The present experimental data set serves as a useful basis for theoretical analysis.


This chapter contains a close reading of purported biblical reflexes of CRA. The value of each text as a reflex of the myth is reconsidered in this chapter. In the analysis of Isaiah 14, Albright's claim that Athtar and his proposal that the text is a biblical reflex of a Canaanite myth is explored as hyll. Several satisfactory treatments of this text exist, of which Gunkel (1901), Kraeling (1947), Childs (1960), Speiser (1964), Von Rad (1972), Cassuto (1961), Westermann (1974), Petersen (1976), Clines (1976), and Hendel (1987) must be noted. The old correlation of brevity with originality when assessing the age of biblical literature has long been discarded as minimalist and completely at variance with what is known about orally composed literature. At the same time it has also been argued that the Priestly stratum of the Pentateuch is essentially editorial in nature rather than being a narrative source.Keywords: Cassuto; Gunkel; Isaiah; Kraeling; Petersen; Speiser; Westermann


An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a recorded representation of electrical activity of heart with respect to time. Being a very important diagnostic tool for determining various heart functions, computer based ECG interpretation is a computing system that records and automatically detects the variations in important parameters of a given ECG recording. These parameters are very critical for doctors while examining the condition of the heart of a patient. Identification of the specific area of the heart under problem and the extent of damage done are the basic areas which have been highlighted for proper diagnosis to save patient's life. This paper, proposes an approach to determine the values of the amplitude of P, QRS & T together with time durations (PR, RR, QRS, and QT). From these calculations, the heart condition whether it is normal or not, is determined along with amount of variation so that the cardiologist can recommend the amount of dosing required for the medicine for the ailment of the patient. It also classifies the ECG into seven major cardiac problems. In this thesis, we have introduced a curve mapping technique based on slope method to detect & classify the ECG signals into seven major cardiac problems. The accuracy rate arrived in the slope method ranges from 92% to 100%, for seven cardiac conditions with an overall average 96.57 %.


The objective of this paper is to study a seven level multi string inverter topology for DERs based DC/AC conversion system using SVM. In the micro grid system, the distributed energy resources (DER) based single-phase inverter is usually adopted. In order to reduce conversion losses in the system, the key is to save costs and size by removing any kind of transformer as well as reducing the power devices. In this study, a high step-up converter is introduced as a front-end stage to improve the conversion efficiency of conventional boost converters and to stabilize the output DC voltage of various DERs such as PV and fuel cell modules for use with the simplified multilevel inverter. The simplified multilevel inverter requires only six active switches instead of the eight required in the conventional cascaded Hbridge (CCHB) multilevel inverter. In addition, two active switches are operated under line frequency. The studied multi string inverter topology offers strong advantages such as improved output waveforms, smaller filter size. Simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed solution. Index terms – multi level converters, dc/dc converters, space vector modulation.


A novel method for implementing noncausal forward/backward 2-pass recursive digital filters in real time is presented. It is based on a segment-wise block processing scheme without overlapping. Factors that degrade the linearity of the overall system's transfer function are discussed. An analytical condition that corrects the system's linearity is elaborated upon using the state variable approach. A recursive algorithm is developed to compute an implementable condition for real-time filtering. A single first in, first out queue memory is introduced to ensure an organized and continuous data stream into the proposed system. This technique allows real-time, sample-by-sample filtering, and it yields reduced delay and data storage memory compared to previous works. Better performances in total harmonic distortion were also obtained. Experimental results are illustrated.


Can the absence of increased toxicological danger in irradiated foods be applied with confidence to drugs ? The World Health Organization stated that up to 10 kGy there is no toxicological hazard. However, even if the irradiated drugs meet official standards, it would have to be established that any traces of radiolysis product formed are not toxic. All the tests from PHARMACOPEIA are not appropriate to detect the radiolysis and new physicochemical tests have to be used. Chromatographic detection of the radiosterilization of antibiotics may be advantageously used when the pharmaceuticals are not radio-resistant. The main obstacle to pratical application is the low sensitivity of the detectors in liquid-liquid chromatography, a re-irradiation of the suspected samples will be necessary after preliminary chromatographic studies.


This document defines new Attribute Value Pairs (AVPs) that add
cryptographic algorithm agility and other security features (protected
results and cryptographic binding of inner authentications to the
outer tunnel) to EAP-TTLSv0.


This article will help to consider the problem of reconstruction of the territories of the 5-story building, taking into account modern regulatory and legal city-building requirements. Since the implementation of any urban planning activities is aimed in one way or another at increasing the socio-economic efficiency of the use of urban territory, it is precisely the growing deficit of the territory that restrains the development of cities, especially large economic centers, and is a constant incentive for active urban planning activities associated with changing the nature of the functions -national use of the territory by densifying buildings, increasing the level of capital intensity and, accordingly, the quality of the urban environment.
Areas of mass residential development in the 1960s and 1970s were designed and built in accordance with the urban planning rules and norms in force at that time, which took into account the entire complex of sanitary and hygienic, social, economic, technical and architectural requirements, using the advanced technologies of industrial housing construction at that time. , new residential areas played a historically important role in solving the housing problem. Currently, the territories of these areas and the houses and structures built in them are not only morally outdated, but also do not meet modern public views on housing standards and the urban environment as a whole. They, moreover, have reached a high degree of technical wear. Bearing and enclosing structures, systems of engineering equipment of residential and public buildings are in need of major repairs to improve their technical and operational characteristics. In need of capital repair, reconstruction of the territory within the microdistrict with the restoration of public service systems, landscaping, internal pedestrian and transport communications, engineering networks, with an increase in the number of parking spaces for individual vehicles.
The publication touches on the topic of solving issues of complex reconstruction of quarters (micro-districts) of the outdated housing stock, which is an urgent task of our time. The reconstruction of quarters (micro-districts) of the outdated housing stock in the countries of Western Europe began as early as the 70s of the XX century, which determined the accumulation of significant reconstruction experience in these countries. Solving the tasks of complex reconstruction of quarters (micro-districts) of the old housing stock is aimed at increasing the efficiency of the use of urban areas and improving the living conditions of people in cities; elimination of physical and moral wear and tear of buildings; extending the service life of buildings and increasing their energy efficiency; improvement of the functional planning organization and architectural expressiveness of residential quarters (microdistricts).
The European experience of complex reconstruction of neighborhoods (micro-districts) of outdated housing stock is based on two interrelated types of restoration activities: firstly, reconstruction of individual buildings; secondly – reconstruction of individual quarters (microdistricts). The practice of reconstruction of buildings is determined by their service life, structural features; the practice of reconstruction of neighborhoods - by location in the city structure, type of planning organization and provision of elements of social infrastructure.
The traditional increase in the efficiency indicators of the urban territory is considered as the achievement of the maximum permissible concentration of the specified urban functions. In this case, we are talking about obtaining the maximum possible yield of living space per unit of territory within the regulatory limits. The analysis of territorial resources for the development of the city of Kyiv carried out in the draft of the General Plan indicates the future growth of the housing stock from 62.7 to 84.7 million m2. This indicates the need to develop both new territories and rational use of the territory within the city. One of the most important reserves, at the same time, is considered territories built up in the period of 60-70 years of the 20th century.
The analysis of the legislative and regulatory framework for the development of projects for the complex reconstruction of an outdated housing stock, the study of theoretical and practical experience in the design and implementation of projects for the complex reconstruction of blocks (microdistricts) of 5-story buildings shows that increasing the efficiency of the use of urban territory -heals with the help of carrying out a complex and deeply thought-out complex of reconstructive measures. At the same time, the scale and character of the reconstruction is of significant importance. The analysis of the implementation of projects, mainly selective construction without serious consideration of the entire complex of social, urban planning, environmental and other consequences associated with the overdensification of buildings and, accordingly, the population, shows the need for:
- increasing the level of reasonableness of the adoption of city-building decisions by local authorities;
- return to compliance with the principles of comprehensive development of the urban territory, which is provided for by the current norms and rules of city planning and development, the basis of the state urban planning policy.


Father Yves Congar's vision of Chuch History was much influenced by Johann Adam Moehler's works and by Dom Clement Lialine's "Irenic method". Fr Congar's key book on Church History is "Vraie et Fausse Reforme dans l'Eglise" (True and false Reform in the Church), 1968. This stands out as a milestone because it does not simply repeat the traditional catholic standpoint on Luther, but begins with a reflection on Luther's and Protestant commentators' views on Ecclesiology. Congar's judgement on Luther was based on the "Dispute of Leipzig" and was the subject matter of a decisive ecumenical exchange between Pastor Andre Dumas and Fr Congar.


The purpose of this contribution is to analyse the reasons why family portfolio entrepreneurs (Westhead & Wright 1998; Carter & Ram 2003) develop international activities instead of focusing on the national market after the financial crisis. The author claims that the market orientation is a critical influence factor for the internationalization process of family businesses in general. Existing literature identifies a variety of underlying reasons for portfolio strategies, including: the search for alternative income opportunities, diversification of risk or wealth maximization (Carter & Ram 2003). In family-owned firms, family dynamics are believed to be of great effect on the development of business portfolios (Carter & Ram 2003, Sieger et al. 2009). Research has shown that key elements for portfolio entrepreneurship in family business are capital, labor, knowledge and networks (Carter & Ram 2003). With this paper the author follows the stream of research regarding the causes and processes of the internationalization of Portfolio Entrepreneurs in the family context by investigating the motives as well as the resources that are crucial for this kind of strategy.


Interference is a major issue limiting the performance in wireless networks. Cooperation among receivers can help mitigate interference by forming distributed MIMO systems. The rate at which receivers cooperate, however, is limited in most scenarios. How much interference can one bit of receiver cooperation mitigate? In this paper, we study the two-user Gaussian interference channel with conferencing decoders to answer this question in a simple setting. We identify two regions regarding the gain from receiver cooperation: linear and saturation regions. In the linear region, receiver cooperation is efficient and provides a degrees-of-freedom gain, which is either one cooperation bit buys one over-the-air bit or two cooperation bits buy one over-the-air bit. In the saturation region, receiver cooperation is inefficient and provides a power gain, which is bounded regardless of the rate at which receivers cooperate. The conclusion is drawn from the characterization of capacity region to within two bits/s/Hz, regardless of channel parameters. The proposed strategy consists of two parts: 1) the transmission scheme, where superposition encoding with a simple power split is employed and 2) the cooperative protocol, where one receiver quantize-bin-and-forwards its received signal and the other after receiving the side information decode-bin-and-forwards its received signal.


part of the book relates not to what is included but to what is overlooked. Francis J. Turner is unable to make any substantial claim to influence by the profession on social policy. Brian Wharf sees attempts to increase responsiveness through citizen participation as engulfed in a resurgence of bureaucratic control, and many of the case study authors find major deficiencies in the policies they analyze in terms of the declared objectives of those policies. To understand such shortcomings, one must go beyond the material presented in this book to the larger economic, social, and cultural realities of our society. A valuable addition to the book would have been an essay or two raising some of the questions dealt with in books like Robert Presthus, Elite Accommodation in Canadian Politics (Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1973), Pierre Fournier, The Quebec Establishment (Montreal: Black Rose Books Ltd., 1976) and W. T. Stanbury, Business Interests and the Reform of Canadian Competition Policy, 1971-1975 (Toronto: Carswell/Methuen, 1977). One could go further and ask if a contemporary text on social policy can reasonably ignore the problem of broad societal goals. The last essay in the book is an intelligent discussion of current techniques of policy evaluation, but it does not purport to deal with the larger issue of goal-setting. Underlying the entire book, on the other hand, is an unexamined assumption that the welfare state is a good thing that could be even better with better policies. The book hardly contains even echoes of the monetarist counterrevolution. The spirit of Herbert Spencer is riding high again in Milton Friedman and other theorists, in Margaret Thatcher and other politicians, and in Proposition 13 and other manifestations of blind rage at public spending. One gets little inkling of all that in Canadian Social Policy. The book is worthwhile as far as it goes, and one realizes that there is a limit to what can be put in one book. One wishes, nevertheless, that the broader perspectives of social policy had at least been opened up.


The study of the proper storage of medicinal plants after being harvested becomes necessary to minimize the loss of active constituents from microbial reactions, heat, moisture, light and enzymes etc. In the present study, fresh rhizomes of Picrorhiza kurroa (Kutki) were collected from 2600 m to 3300 m altitude of Himachal Pradesh (Rohtang area), India. The harvested material was washed to remove soil and other adhering materials, and then cut into small pieces and dried under shade. The air dried samples were packed in the different packing materials (i.e. Gunny bags or poly bags), stored either at room temperature or in refrigerator at 4° to 6 °C or in humid environment (85% humidity and 25 °C) for different storage durations and then analyzed their chemical constituents bimonthly. The study showed that the content of picroside-I and picroside-II decreased with the increase in storage duration irrespective of storage condition. However, the loss in picroside-I and picroside-II with storage was maximum when "Kutki" samples were stored under humid condition (85% humidity, 25 °C) and minimum loss was observed when samples were stored at low temperature (4-6 °C). So, to minimize the loss of picroside-I and picroside-II content in the drug Kutki during storage, Kutki must be stored at low temperature.


The genus Macridiscus Dall, 1902 contains a few species present in warm temperate to tropical faunas of the western Pacific. Macridiscus was widely accepted as a subgenus of Gomphina until a recent suggestion that it should be separated from Gomphina and elevated to an independent genus, based on morphology and molecular data. The taxonomy of the genus Macridiscus has in the past been based solely on shell characters and there has been no agreement about the number of valid species. In this study, we explore the taxonomy and phylogeny of Macridiscus species in order to resolve the systematics of the genus, based not only on shell characters but also on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. The morphological characters, the sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I of mitochondrial DNA and the first internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1) between the 18S and 5.8S ribosomal DNA were highly concordant and clearly suggested that three species should be recognized in the genus Macridiscus: M. multifarius new species, M. semicancellata (Koch, in Philippi,


OTTO MICHEL in an article in Zeitschrift f r die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft (Vol. 35, 1936, pp. 285—290) argues that the proper Biblical term for the Intermediate State after death is the word "sleep". This word is a better term than the traditional 'Intermediate State', he feels, because it presents the essential NT concept of death and the Christian: viz., the believer has been given the promise of the resurrection. They die a real death but because of the promise they yet live — "the dead sleep". That death is a sleep is only true of the just, of the believer, for only he stands under the promise. This concept is corroborated, MICHEL believes, by such Intertestamental literature as 4 Mace. 7: 18—19; 16: 25; Enoch 92: 3; 100: 5; Jub. 23: 31. Sleep portrays the concept of the resurrection: the sleepers will awake, they will rise. "In the usage of κοιμασθαι — καθεύδειν lies hidden an eschatological mystery/' Dr. O. CULLMANN also advocates the usage of the term "sleep" as the proper Christian term for the Intermediate State. He writes that "the most usual image for Paul is: They are asleep'". Or again, that the expression 'to sleep' "is the customary designation in the New Testament of the 'interim condition'.. .". He equates the 'nakedness' referred to in 2 Cor. 5: 1—10 with 'sleep'. The term expresses 1 ZNW, "Zur Lehre vom Todesschlaf", p. 290. 2 Ibid., ρ. 286. 3 Ibid. 4 Ibid., p. 287. 5 Ibid., p. 289. 6 Immortality of the Soul or Resurrection of the Dead, 1958, pp. 51 if. So also Aimo Nikolainen, Der Auferstehungsglauben, II, 1946, p. 239. 7 CULLMANN, op. cit., p. 51. 8 Ibid., p. 57. 9 "Particularly in 2 Corinthians 5:1—10 we hear why it is that the dead, although they do not yet have a body and are only 'sleeping', nevertheless are in special proximity to Christ." Ibid., p. 52; cf. p. 56.


The article contains information on the properties and possibilities of ultrasonic oscillations of high intensity, the features of the application of ultrasonic vibrations for the intensification of processes occurring in liquid, solid, gaseous media, polymeric materials, as applied to solving problems in the chemical, biotechnological, food industries and related industries. The methods of using ultrasound for cleaning parts on grinding and polishing operations, which are primarily intended for use in the manufacture of medical instruments, are described in more details.


The invention belongs to the fields of high polymer materials and medical equipment and relates to a submucous injection material composed of physical cross-linked hydrogel and an application thereof to preparing injection materials for endoscopic submucosal dissection. The submucous injection material consists of an amphiphilic block copolymer, a solvent which takes water as a main body, and a coloring indicator, wherein the amphiphilic block copolymer is formed by taking polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a hydrophilic block and taking degradable polyester as a hydrophobic block. The material has thermal induced gel-forming properties; when the temperature is lower than a sol-gel transition temperature, a water system presents low-viscosity solution, has good injectable property, and can be subjected to endoscopic injection to the submucosal position so as to spontaneously form in-situ physical hydrogel under the body temperature, good gel morphology is maintained during an ESD operation, the uplift height and duration of the submucous injection material are superior to those of an existing pure liquid material, and the ESD operation is smoothly performed.


Neutron-multiwave-interference phenomena based on Ramsey's resonance method of ''separated oscillating fields'' are studied. A neutron passes through N successive resonant coils (({Dirac_h}/2{pi}){omega}{sub 0}=2{mu}{sub n}B{sub 0}), which flip the neutron spin with a probability {rho} smaller than 1. These coils are separated by path lengths L over which a homogeneous field B{sub 1} is present. Because the spin-flip probability {rho} is smaller than 1, the number of waves for a neutron is doubled after each flipper, so as to produce 2{sup N} neutron waves at the end of the setup. The phase difference between any pair of waves is a multiple of a ''phase quantum'' determined by the line integral of the field difference B{sub 1}-B{sub 0} over the length L. Highly regular patterns of the quantum-mechanical probability R in (B{sub 1},{rho}) space appear due to pair interference between individual waves. Possible applications of this phenomenon, such as a direct measurement of n-particle correlation function, are pointed out.


The scientific legacy of George Gabriel Stokes is considered. Certain aspects of Stokes's research work are reviewed and related to more recent fields of research. These include the Navier–Stokes equations and other approaches to rational continuum mechanics, the issue of existence of solutions, the boundary no-slip condition; Stokes flow and the issue of pendulum drag; the Hele-Shaw cell, viscous fingering, wavelength selection in pattern formation; moving contact lines; the highest water wave, rogue waves, the NLS equation; Stokes lines, exponential asymptotics, dendrite growth, slow manifods, and diffraction.


Precise lattice strains measured using high-resolution neutron diffraction from a solid polycrystalline sample are used to explore the single-crystal elastic constants of α-Al2O3 (corundum). The analysis confirms a recent suggestion that, contrary to the long-accepted view, the sign of s14 should be negative. It also indicates that the magnitude of s13 should be adjusted from −0.38 × 10−12 to −0.47 × 10−12 Pa−1. It is found that, micromechanically, the polycrystal responds to stress in a manner very close to the Reuss limit. The results confirm the applicability of the diffraction method, which could prove useful when other techniques give ambiguous results.


In modal testing, the force transducer and accelerometer mounted on the test structure will introduce extra mass effects to the system and then affect the measured Frequency Response Functions (FRFs). This paper proposed a method for assessing sensor mass effects on the measured FRFs in shaker modal testing. The assessment method offers some distinct advantages where very few FRFs measurements are required, and more importantly it does not require calculations involving several measured FRFs, hence avoiding further contaminations of the measured data. In view of two different ways of response measurements, two cases have been discussed: (1) shaker + laser Doppler vibrometer and (2) shaker + accelerometer. In case (1), only force transducer mass need be assessed. In case 2, however, both force transducer and accelerometer masses should be considered. Especially in Case 2, the overall as well as the individual mass effects of the two transducers were assessed. It is found that the assessment method is quite effective in the experimental validation for Case 1. A simple numerical example for Case 2 presented also illustrates the good theoretical performance of the method. The same example is extended to incorporate simulated noise, simulating an experimental situation, and it is shown that the accuracy of assessment results will be affected to some extent by the noise. It is suggested that the measured FRFs be preprocessed using the curve-fitting procedure before applying the proposed method.


A method for separating molybdenum from chromium to determine molibdenum in chromium bearing materials is presented.This method can substitute the traditional method using reagent as basis.It shows better accuracy and repeatability.


Euro 7 and California HD-OBD present a shift of approach in emissions control. Legislative bodies concentrate on individual vehicle conformity to standards during its lifetime on top of type approval processes in test environment. The main change is NOx trackers in software and sensors in the exhaust pipes of all vehicles. As a consequence of constant supervision not only single point faults are taken into account in the analysis, but also cumulative parameter drift of components due to aging. To achieve normative requirements and prevent emission standards violation during exploitation, methodologies known from automotive functional safety domain and SOTIF are used to evaluate and modify a propulsion system design. An illustrative example of analysis is presented in the paper.


A magnetization model of nanocrystalline materials incorporating intragrain anisotropies, intergrain interactions, and texture effects has been extended to include the thermal fluctuations. The method relies on the stochastic Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert theory of magnetization dynamics and permits to study the magnetic properties of nanocrystalline materials at arbitrary temperature below the Currie temperature. The model has been used to determine the intergrain exchange constant and grain boundary anisotropy constant of nanocrystalline Ni at 100 K and 298 K. It is found that the thermal fluctuations suppress the strength of the intergrain exchange coupling and also reduce the grain boundary anisotropy. In comparison with its value at 2 K, the interparticle exchange constant decreases by 16% and 42% and the grain boundary anisotropy constant decreases by 28% and 40% at 100 K and 298 K, respectively. An application of the model to study the grain size-dependent magnetization indicates that when the thermal activation energy is comparable to the free energy of grains, the decrease in the grain size leads to the decrease in the magnetic permeability and saturation magnetization. The mechanism by which the grain size influences the magnetic properties of nc–Ni is discussed.


The absorption curve, in function of the frequency, in hard‐backed layers of granular materials, shows undesirable series of maxima and minima related to the layer deep. In order to increase the efficiency of these absorbing materials, it is necessary to smooth their frequency response curve. It is obvious that one of the easiest solutions consists of modifying the layer surface with selected profiles (e.g., wedges). For these situations, a simplified method of analytical calculus for the valuation of the absorption, in function of the frequency, has been developed. The validity of the theoretical approximations has been checked against experimental measurements in different test samples by means of a standing wave tube. Additionally, the application of this study to the design of absorbent acoustic noise screens, against traffic noise, made with recycled rubber crumbs of tires, is also presented. [Work supported by a LIFE project.]


Fruit flies rely on a plethora of sense organs to keep them airborne and prevent crashes: if they see an object looming in their visual field on a collision course, they execute a 90° turn, called a saccade, in a lightning fast 70 ms to get themselves out of trouble. They also depend on short,


The appropriateness of learning methods used contributes to performance improvement and
interest in the topic, Electromagnetism, among technical students with different cognitive
styles. Learning is a process in which students obtain new information and knowledge. For
effective learning and to achieve academic excellence, students need to know the proper
learning methods. This study identifies appropriate learning methods for technical students
in order to improve the achievement of technical students of different of cognitive and to
enhance their interest as presented in Witkin's Theory. This research studies a couple of
learning groups engaged in product-orientation learning and conventional learning. The
sample comprises 70 students from Malaysian polytechnics to determine their cognitive
styles through the Group Embedded Figures Test. A pre-test, post-test and a questionnaire
were used in quasi-experimental research to obtain data concerning the students'
performance and their interest in learning. The results show that product-orientated learning
yields the best scoring of students' performance and interest increment compared to other
methods. We conclude that learning methods should ensure students' needs positively
correlate with their achievements and interest. Based on the advantages of the product and
its effectiveness in aiding student comprehension, this product is seen to be an appropriate
learning method for technical students in Malaysian polytechnics.


Observations of surface currents in coastal waters are one of the most highly desired products in the various national and international ocean observing systems. In the US researchers have created a de facto surface current mapping system with over ninety antennas. This paper will describe the present state of the system in the US and the vision for making it operational. Issues include the transition from research to operations, identifying users, site acquisition, frequency allocation and determination of user needs.


Abstract This study addresses eight models for "doing" ecclesial adolescent ministry in the United States from both a Catholic and ecumenical perspective. The article offers youth ministers in the field with creative insights to further enhance their ministry with adolescents. The eight models represent an inclusive theological and pastoral framework on three levels that youth ministers will find helpful. First, the study examines theologically each model under consideration. Second, the article provides pastoral insights for integration into the youth ministry. Third, the essay will address the possible strengths and limitations that a parish youth minister may encounter and find useful. Evangelical, Protestant, and Catholic youth ministers will find each model appropriate and applicable to adolescent needs and church demands as they embark on their valuable and important work. 1This article is a lucid overview articulating the thoughts and premise of his forthcoming book Models for Youth Ministry: A Contemporary Catholic and Ecumenical Understanding of Adolescent Ministry that Works¡ Tentatively to be released in Summer 2007.


We consider a class of line operators in d = 4,N = 2 supersymmetric field theories which leave four supersymmetries unbroken. Such line operators support a new class of BPS states which we call "framed BPS states." These include halo bound states similar to those of d = 4,N = 2 supergravity, where (ordinary) BPS particles are loosely bound to the line operator. Using this construction, we give a new proof of the KontsevichSoibelman wall-crossing formula for the ordinary BPS particles, by reducing it to the semiprimitive wall-crossing formula. After reducing on S1, the expansion of the vevs of the line operators in the IR provides a new physical interpretation of the "Darboux coordinates" on the moduli spaceM of the theory. Moreover, we introduce a "protected spin character" which keeps track of the spin degrees of freedom of the framed BPS states. We show that the generating functions of protected spin characters admit a multiplication which defines a deformation of the algebra of holomorphic functions on M. As an illustration of these ideas, we consider the six-dimensional (2, 0) field theory of A1 type compactified on a Riemann surface C. Here we show (extending previous results) that line operators are classified by certain laminations on a suitably decorated version of C, and we compute the spectrum of framed BPS states in several explicit examples. Finally we indicate some interesting connections to the theory of cluster algebras. ar X iv :1 00 6. 01 46 v2 [ he pth ] 6 O ct 2 01 2


Self-adjusting computation is an evaluation model in which programs can respond efficiently to small changes to their input data by using a change-propagation mechanism that updates computation by ...


The paper presents a systematic method of designing nth-order MOCCII (second generation current conveyor with multiple outputs) filter with multiple-loop feedback. Various kinds of filter structures can be obtained by this method. The produced nth-order filter is constructed by n MOCCIIsand2nRCpassiveelements,andisintegratedconvenientlyfortheRCelementsaregrounded.Designexampleof4th_orderButterworthfilteranditscomputerPSPICEsimulationresultsarealsogiven.


The restrictive provisions of the clauses of the right to personal liberty in international conventions on human rights mainly stipulate the preconditions on which state parties are permitted legally to restrict this right.It should consider comprehensively the three elements of space,time and compulsoriness when we evaluate an act of depriving of personal liberty.In terms of the preconditions of restriction on the right to personal liberty, the"two-element"pattern,including prohibition of arbitrariness and legality,is used by international conventions on human rights.According to the interpretation of relevant international human rights monitoring bodies,prohibition of arbitrariness emphasizes that measures taken by state parties should meet the criteria of legitimacy and necessity,and legality means measures taken by state parties should meet the criteria established by positive law and procedural law.As a result,the difference between"two-element"pattern and"three-element"pattern in clauses of restriction on rights in international conventions on human rights is superficial.


This paper discusses moving ground target estimation using a recently proposed, uniformly globally asymptotically stable observer for simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), which only requires a monocular camera and an inertial measurement unit (IMU). The observer operates under a persistent excitation constraint and requires the inertial origin to remain in view throughout its operation. The contributions of this paper are an iterative procedure to increase convergence speed of nonlinear observers and a process for keeping the inertial origin within view. Simulation results demonstrate fast observer convergence and tracking of a maneuvering ground target relative to the observer's landmark estimates.


The chemical composition of the essential oil of the leaves of Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtaceae) grown in North West Karnataka, has been analyzed by GC and GC/MS.  Forty-eight constituents were identified, accounting 97.93% of the total oil. The major compounds were a-phellandrene (40.31%), a-pinene (13.71%), â-pinene (13.31%), a-terpinene (9.61%) and 1,8-cineol (4.96%). The oil was rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons (81.14%). Scientific World, Vol. 10, No. 10, July 2012 p89-90 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sw.v10i10.6870


Culture has national,historical and history inheritance features.The essence of traditional culture remains significant to modern enterprise management.This paper aims to analyze the way to integrate western idea and Chinese,traditional thought and modern concept,traditional culture and modern management practice concept in term of′management innovation′.


New records of Scolytidae from the Pacific region are listed, and 7 new species are described (Coccotrypes kuscheli, Gyphalus pexus, Eidophelus spinipennis, Hypocryphalus polynesiae, Hypocryphalus tongaensis, Mimiophthorus tongatapui, Miocyphalus ciliatipennis).


I. MARKETING STRATEGY FORMULATION. 1. Marketing Strategy and Decision Making. 2. Formulating Marketing Strategy. 3. Godfather's Pizza Case. 4. General Electric Company: Aircraft Engine Business Group. II. STRATEGIC ANALYSIS. 5. Customer Decision Making. 6. Life Cycles. 7. Market Segmentation. 8. Product Positioning. 9. Market Response. 10. Competitive Behavior. 11. Central Bell Publishing, Inc. 12. American Express Company: Credit Card Marketing. 13. General Motors Corporation: Buick Reatta. III. STRATEGIC DECISION MAKING. 14. New Product Development. 15. Management of Established Products. 16. Product Line Management. 17. Worldwide Corporate Strategy. 18. Cabot Corporation: E-A-R(R) Division Consumer Marketing Strategy. 19. USA Today. 20. Sun Micro Systems. 21. Citibank Indonesia: Developing a Market for Electronic Banking. IV. IMPLEMENTATION. 22. Tactics and Control. 23. The Marketing Plan-An Example and Review of Marketing Strategy. 24. International Business Machines Corporation: Marketing Strategy for Typewriters and PC Printers. 25. Marketing Strategy, Analysis, and Decision Making in the Future. Index.