The direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a compression ramp shockwave and turbulent boundary layer interaction (STBLI) is presented. The ramp angle is 24 ◦ , and the inflow boundary layer conditions are Mach 2.9 and Re� = 2900. For the discretization of the inviscid fluxes, a modified weighted essentially nonoscillatory (WENO) scheme is used. The numerical code has previously been validated in the context of a compression ramp DNS against experiments at matching flow conditions. 1,2 The present DNS covers a time of 1000�/U∞ (350Lsep/U∞), making an analysis of the low-frequency unsteadiness that occurs in this kind of flow possible. The dominant scales in the flow are investigated by spectral analysis. The statistical link between the low-frequency shock motion and the upstream and downstream flow is investigated.


In response to growing security challenges facing many-core systems imposed by thermal covert channel (TCC) attacks, a number of threshold-based detection methods have been proposed. In this paper, we show that these threshold-based detection methods are inadequate to detect TCCs that harness advanced signaling and specific modulation techniques. Since the frequency representation of a TCC signal is found to have multiple side lobes, this important feature shall be explored to enhance the TCC detection capability. To this end, we present a pattern-classification-based TCC detection method using an artificial neural network that is trained with a large volume of spectrum traces of TCC signals. After proper training, this classifier is applied at runtime to infer TCCs, should they exist. The proposed detection method is able to achieve a detection accuracy of 99%, even in the presence of the stealthiest TCCs ever discovered. Because of its low runtime overhead (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$< 0.187\%$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mo><</mml:mo><mml:mn>0</mml:mn><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mn>187</mml:mn><mml:mo>%</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="wang-ieq1-3189578.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>) and low energy overhead (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$< 0.072\%$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mo><</mml:mo><mml:mn>0</mml:mn><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mn>072</mml:mn><mml:mo>%</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="wang-ieq2-3189578.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>), this proposed detection method can be indispensable in fighting against TCC attacks in many-core systems. With such a high accuracy in detecting TCCs, powerful countermeasures, like the ones based on dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS), can be rightfully applied to neutralize any malicious core participating in a TCC attack.


The effects of the design parameters,such as unit shape,unit size,the thickness of dielectric layer on radar absorbing properties of the traditional Jerusalem Cross unit frequency selective surface(FSS) absorber were studied by experiments.The results indicate that the resonant frequencies and peak values of reflection loss can be optimized to accomplish the requirements of the designers by using proper design parameters of FSS.


On the road of smaller nanoscale devices perspectives, new proposals of alternatives to CMOS technology are emerging for nanoscale fabrics. This paper relies on a specific 2Dgrid nanowire fabric and proposes new CAD tool to help the designer in its nanoscale implementation, from highlevel specification to abstract layout. This tool proposes to incorporate some fault-tolerant techniques at different levels of the design process (functional level and structural level). The layout of the defect-tolerant circuit can be produced in a semi-automatic way based on the faulttolerance directives given to the tool.


ABSTRACT While there are international guidelines in place for the implementation of a rights-based response to quick-onset natural disasters, there is a notable void in international guidance on the promotion of a rights-based approach to infectious disease epidemics. The outbreak of an epidemic has the potential to implicate a range of human rights, including the rights to health, information, freedom from arbitrary detention and freedom of movement, and other socio-economic rights. The need for guidance on how to address deficiencies in the realisation of these rights was made acutely clear following the outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in March 2014. By analysing how the health standards existent and containment measures employed in Liberia during the escalation and de-escalation of the EVD outbreak measured up against states' obligations in international human rights law, this paper demonstrates that a rights-based response to epidemics facilitates a more effective, comprehensive, and inclusive recovery. This paper therefore argues that a new set of guidelines for the implementation of a rights-based response to epidemics should be developed, and puts forward a number of recommendations as to the content of these guidelines.


This work proposes a path planning algorithm based on A

 ∗

 and DWA to achieve global path optimization while satisfying security and speed requirements for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). The algorithm first preprocesses the map for irregular obstacles encountered by a UAV in flight, including grid preprocessing for arc-shaped obstacles and convex preprocessing for concave obstacles. Further, the standard A

 ∗

 algorithm is improved based on UAV's flight environment information and motion constraints. Further, the DWA algorithm's limitations regarding local optimization and long planning time are mitigated by adaptively adjusting the evaluation function according to the UAV's safety threshold, obstacles, and environment information. As a result, the global optimal path evaluation subfunction is constructed. Finally, the key points of the global path are selected as the subtarget points of the local path planning. Under the premise of the optimal path, the UAV real-time path's efficiency and safety are effectively improved. The experimental results demonstrate that the path planning based on improved A

 ∗

 and DWA algorithms shortens the path length, reduces the planning time, improves the UAV path smoothness, and enhances the safety of UAV path obstacle avoidance.


[1]CHEN Xiaohong and HUANG Xianglu, 1993a. Bi-Frequency Analyses of Mooring Line Dynamics, Proceedings of 1993 OMAE. [2]CHEN Xiaohong and HUANG Xianglu, 1993b. The Analysis of the Dynamics of Mooring Line in Time Domain and Frequency Domain, Proceedings of 1993 ISOPE, 428~434. [3]CHEN Xiaohong and HUANG Xianglu, 1997. The Motion and Mooring Line Loads of a Moored Semisubmersibte in Waves, Proceedings of 1997 OMAE, 235~ 241. [4]Dercksen, A., Huijsmans, R. H. M. and Wichers, J. E. W., 1992. An Improved Method for Calculating the Contribution of Hydrodynamic Chain Damping on Low Frequency Vessel Motions, Proceedings of the 24th Annual Of Jshore Technology Conference, OTC6967, 209~ 218. [5]de Kat, J. O. and Dercksen, A., 1994. The Influence of Wave Spectrum Formulation on the Dynamics of a Turret-Moored Tanker, JournalofOMAE, 116, 7~ 13. [6]FAN Ju, CHEN Xiaohong and HUANG Xianglu, 1998. On the Contribution of the Mooring System to the Damping of the Slow Oscillation of Moored Floating Structure, Proceedings of the 1998 International OTRC Symposium, Houston, 147~ 154. [7]JI Chunqun and Wichers, J. E. W., 1999. The Dynamic Analysis of the Turret Mooring System, Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 33 (3), 368~373. [8]Ormberg, H., Fylling, I. J., Larsen, K. and Sodahl, N., 1997. Coupled Analysisof Vessel Motions and Mooring and Riser System Dynamics, Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on OMAE, 91 ~ 100. [9]Wichers, J. E. W. and Huijsmans, R. H. M., 1990. The Contribution of Hydrodynamic Damping Induced by Mooring Chains on Low-Frequency Vessel Motions, Proceedings of the 22rd Annual Offshore Technology Conference, OTC6218, 171~ 182. [10]Wichers, J. E. W. and JI Chunqun, 1997. Behavior of Turret Moored Tankers in Combined Extreme Metocean Parameters, Proceedings of the 29th Annual O ffshore Technology, Conference, OTC8272, Houston, USA, 47~ 57.


Based upon introduction of CFG pile the working mechanism of composite foundation of CFG pile is analyzed,at the same time practical design and construction methods of CFG pile are introduced.Author points out that composite foundation of CFG pile can not only increase the bearing capacity of foundation but also reduce the settlement and deformation of foundation with wide application scope,low cost,convenience in construction and other advantages,which is worthy of being popularized.


Hardware-software codesign is a powerful technique that can be used to build complex systems. In this paper, we propose a compiler driven hardware-software codesign strategy that works at application level, aiming at facilitating algorithm architecture co-explorations. The proposed approach employs an intermediate code representation, called Loop Hierarchy Tree (LHT), to perform codesign exploration, and applies a branch-and-bound search to find a hardware-software partitioning that minimizes execution latency under the given area constraints. We also developed fast cost estimation models for LHT and can be extended to handle codesign for more complex hybrid architectures. Experimental results show that our approach is successful in finding good solutions for the applications on the target codesign platform.


Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 4C (CMT4C) is an autosomal recessive neuropathy associated with SH3TC2 mutations, resulting in slow conduction velocity via hypomyelination. The occurrence of CMT4C in demyelinating Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) varies among ethnicities, and several variants have been reported as the founder mutation. In Korea, the incidence of CMT4C was calculated as approximately 2%, and all patients have compound heterozygous mutations, which is partly due to the prohibition of consanguineous marriage. Herein, we describe a 25-year-old male who presented a slowly progressive limb weakness and impaired vibration sensation. Whole-exome sequencing revealed homozygous variants c.929G>A of SH3TC2 after identifying negative multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification results of PMP22. Based on our literature review, this is the first CMT4C patient with a homozygous variant with each allele inherited from both the parents.


This presentation offers the plan for designation, operation and management of emergency transportation route. Redefining the role for Ministry of Public Safety and Security and relevant organizati ...


Measurements have been carried out over the temperature range 360–480 K of both the thermal conductivity κ(T) and the electrical resistivity ρ(T) for the austenitic stainless steel material chosen by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards as the Standard Reference Material for these two properties in the temperature range 4–1200 K. These measurements show a ripple in κ(T) vs. T centered at 410 K. The amplitude of the observed ripple is within the ±5% experimental scatter of previous data. Measurements of κ(T) for ordinary 304 stainless steel over the same temperature range show no sign of such a ripple. Measurements of the electrical resistivity of the Standard Reference Material also show an unusual structure centered at 410 K.


Collecting and Compiling the scattered Chinese traditional opera records is an important part of the research the science of theatre.The research on performers is still a weak link up to now.CHEN Jin-que's biography which gave a brief introduction of the actor who performed in the capital of late Qing Dynasty,expressed author's view on theatre and aethetics.It is of an important value in research into Chinese mordern the science of theatre and cultural activity .


Primary Ewing`s Sarcoma (ES) is a small round tumor, more likely to present in long bones and rarely in skull bones. ES commonly present in the second decade of life, and it is usually treated by multi‐modality including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. In this case, a 13 years old boy presented with left facial palsy and hearing loss for two weeks, treated with steroid but no improvement. MRI was done and showed left jugular foramen and cerebellopontine mass measuring 4.8*4.4* 3 cm. Debulking surgery of the tumor was done with multiple biopsies reported by histopathology as malignant small round cell tumor consistent with Ewing sarcoma.


1. Introduction, The essential features of the WIRS design, Elements of the survey employed in this volume, The changing landscape, 1980-98, The nature of our analysis and contents of the book 2. The dynamic context of workplace employment relations. Industry and Ownership, Size of Workforce, Location within larger organizations, Internationalization, Age and relocation, Changes in technology, Changes in the composition of the workforce, Summary and conclusions 3. The Management of employee relations. Who manages employee relations, The emergence of a profession, The gender issue: women managing employee relations, A changing role for employee relations managers, The status and influence of employee relations managers, Conclusions 4. Have employess lost their voice? Union presence, Union membership density, Trade Union recognition, Other channels for collective employee voice, Direct Communication methods, An overall view of employee voice, Conclusions 5. Union recognition: a 'hollow shell'? Workplace union density, The nature of union


The introduction in Iraq of laws allowing amputation of the hand or foot as punishment for crime has led to waves of protest in the country and to fears by doctors that if they refuse to carry out the amputations they will be arrested. According to the international human rights pressure group Amnesty International, four people have been sentenced, of of whom two have had amputations, since the law was introduced. Amnesty says that, according to Decree No 59, passed by Saddam Hussein's Revolutionary Command …


Practicality is very important for the spoken English class.The teaching method could immediately influence the effect of teaching,so teaching methods are also very important.With the reform of the teaching system of organization,English teachers are in great demand to organize the classes in English and create English-learning circumstances.However,with the limitation of students' vocabulary,teachers have to use simple way to teach some difficult knowledge points.Teaching form has been main topic among educators for a number of years.The truth is that teachers,as well as students,are facing many problems which are not unique to them.Then the fact remains that when a teacher and his/her students face each other in the classroom they must truly work with each other.They have to connect with each other.The students are the whole corpus of learning process,while teachers' role is to guide.The way to teach becomes more important.This article tries to study six typical teaching methods.They are:picture-talk;retelling;debating;interview;role-playing and speech.


Having an accurate dielectric constant and loss tangent when creating radiofrequency (RF) models in full-wave simulation is essential. With the introduction of new low-loss dielectrics and with the variability of dielectrics due to the manufacturing process, there is a need for a quick and simple method to characterize the permittivity of these materials. Dielectric characterization has become even more critical with the rollout of 5G cellular communications. At the higher frequency bands of 5G, around 28 GHz and 39 GHz, the dielectric losses can be significant, and the package design can be sensitive to dielectric constant variations. In this letter, two dielectrics are characterized; a flip-chip underfill material and a low-loss dielectric. Cavity resonators are used to extract the dielectric constant and loss tangent of flip-chip underfill, while substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) resonators are used to characterize packaging substrates. Simulations and extractions of the dielectric constant and loss tangent are completed at several frequencies using an in-house tool called Kappa Extractor, based on a rapid plane solver. The results are verified with a commercial full-wave simulator.


Italian ryegrass (IRG) (Lolium multiflorum Lam. cv. Lemtal) was grown on a sandy loam and/or on a fine sandy loam in 1974, 1975, and 1976. IRG was fertilized three times each year with 40, 80, or 120 kg N/ha/application and harvested at 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-wk intervals starting in July. Dry matter (DM) yield increased with the rate of applied N. Four-week harvest intervals generally resulted in the greatest DM yields ranging from 4.32 to 7.11 t/ha. Droughty conditions in 1975 reduced the growth and resulted in small DM yields particularly on sandy loam. The mean total N concentrations of IRG ranged from 2.40 to 3.68% and was approximately proportional to applied N. Longer regrowth intervals decreased total N concentrations by. 12–.56% units per week. Applied N did not influence the in vitro disappearance of DM (IVDDM), whereas longer regrowth intervals reduced IVDDM in 1975. The harvest system with a 4-wk regrowth interval and 80 kg N/ha/apphcation resulted in satisfactory DM, N, and digestible DM yields and ...


We consider a robust linear regression model y = Xβ∗ + η, where an adversary oblivious to the design X ∈ Rn×d may choose η to corrupt all but an α fraction of the observations y in an arbitrary way. Prior to our work, even for Gaussian X , no estimator for β∗ was known to be consistent in this model except for quadratic sample size n & (d/α)2 or for logarithmic inlier fraction α ≥ 1/log n. We show that consistent estimation is possible with nearly linear sample size and inverse-polynomial inlier fraction. Concretely, we show that the Huber loss estimator is consistent for every sample size n = ω(d/α2) and achieves an error rate of O(d/α2n)1/2 (both bounds are optimal up to constant factors). Our results extend to designs far beyond the Gaussian case and only require the column span of X to not contain approximately sparse vectors (similar to the kind of assumption commonly made about the kernel space for compressed sensing). We provide two technically similar proofs. One proof is phrased in terms of strong convexity, extending work of (Tsakonas et al., 2014), and particularly short. The other proof highlights a connection between the Huber loss estimator and high-dimensional median computations. In the special case of Gaussian designs, this connection leads us to a strikingly simple algorithm based on computing coordinate-wise medians that achieves nearly optimal guarantees in linear time, and that can exploit sparsity of β∗. The model studied here also captures heavy-tailed noise distributions that may not even have a first moment. *Equal contribution 1Department of Computer Science, ETH Zürich, Switzerland. Correspondence to: Tommaso d'Orsi <firstname.lastname@example.com>, Gleb Novikov <firstname.lastname@example.com>, David Steurer <firstname.lastname@example.com>. Proceedings of the 38 th International Conference on Machine Learning, PMLR 139, 2021. Copyright 2021 by the author(s).


Aims  To investigate the relative explanatory power of source faunas and geographical variables for butterfly incidence, frequency, richness, rarity, and endemicity on offshore islands.


The invention relates to a stent with an optionally coated base body of an implant material, the use of lithium salts as a coating material or a component of an implant material for stents and the use of lithium salts in a method for the prophylaxis of restenosis. The stent according to the invention with a base body of an implant material is characterized in that (I) the basic body has a coating which consists of a lithium salt or a lithium salt; and or (Ii) the implant material is biocorrodible and the base body containing a lithium salt.


Recently, theoretical expressions have been derived by Cooper & Sayer (1975) (C & S) in which the shape functions of powder neutron-diffraction peaks have been derived as functions of the finite vertical and horizontal divergence angles of the instrument. This topic has become increasingly important for two reasons. The first is that the advent of profile-analysis techniques for analysing neutron-diffraction data (Rietveld 1967, 1969) has meant that more attention must be paid to detailed peak shapes and the second is that one can collect more neutrons with counters with large vertical apertures. Because of the finite aperture of the detector C & S predict that the observed peaks will be shifted from the true Bragg angle and will be broadened. The purpose of this note is to test the mathematical expressions obtained by C & S with some experimental measurements. 5.9 ° (defined here as half the full width at half maximum) or alternatively the central counter alone with a vertical divergence of 2.5 °. Finally one can consider the two off-centre counters together, to form a single counter with a still larger effective aperture.


Meyer T et al. Persistent Mullerian Duct Syndrome ... Eur J Pediatr Surg 2010; 20: 194 – 195 Introduction & Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder. It is a form of male disorder of sexual diff erentiation in which Mullerian duct structures are present in male phenotypes and 46XY karyotypes. Aff ected individuals have a uterus, tubes, cervix, and vagina [1 – 4] . Uterus and tubes are usually discovered during inguinal hernia surgery or diagnostic laparoscopy for impalpable testis. A testis and the Mullerian derivatives may be found in an inguinal hernia, a condition known as hernia uteri inguinalis. The contralateral testis may also have moved into the hernia, a condition known as transverse testicular ectopia [5, 6] .


This paper aims to demonstrate how a game, despite the intrinsic artifice involved, can be a context for meaningful and serious literate activity in a way that counters what many students feel is the meaninglessness of schoolwork. We draw on Bernard Suits's ideas about the essential nature of games, and we make a distinction between "serious games"—which emphasize a learning result outside the game—and games in which the play itself deserves to be taken seriously. We use one Web-mediated social simulation, Place Out Of Time, as an example, showing how close attention to the activity of the game itself can reveal various kinds of educational value for the participants. By taking the play of the game seriously, we can give students opportunities for learning that are rarely found in traditional schooling. Finally, we use this example to emphasize the importance of taking student work seriously, of inventing the interaction anew each time, and of appreciating student work on its own terms.


Objective To explore the relationships among adult attachment,ego identity and social support in college students. Methods A total of 445 students were randomly selected and investigated by completing Adult Attachment Scales,Identity Status Inventory and Social Support Rating Scale. Results The attachment anxiety was only significantly related with the subjective support( r =- 0. 103,P 0. 05),and the attachment avoidance was significantly related with four indexes of social support( e. g. attachment avoidance and subjective support,r =- 0. 255,P 0. 01). The identity dimension and social support was significantly related( e. g. present ego commitment and subjective support,r = 0. 316, P 0. 01). The results of multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the attachment avoidance and present ego commitment entered the regression equation( F = 36. 916,P 0. 001). Conclusions Adult attachment and ego identity influence the level of social support,and it can be predicted by attachment avoidance and present ego commitment.


: [Purpose] The aim of this study was to clarify the influence of trunk rotation and side bending, as well as abduction of the scapula in the scapulothoracic joint, on unilateral and bilateral functional reach (FR) tests; and to elucidate the relationship between reach distance and center of pressure (COP) trajectory in front-back and right-left excursion. [Participants and Methods] The subjects were 21 healthy adult males and females, who performed two types of reach tasks, a typical FR and a bilateral FR with restricted trunk movement. We measured the maximum reach distance, trunk rotation and side bending, scapula abduction distance, and COP trajectory at maximum reach. Each of the variables were compared and their correlations verified. [Results] In a comparison of the two tasks, we found significant differences in the following 4 items: reach distance, right-left x-axis COP trajectory length, degree of trunk rotation, and scapular abduction distance. Significant differences were not observed in the front-back y-axis COP trajectory length and degree of trunk lateral flexion. Trunk rotation led to scapular abduction in FR; the scapula appears to rotate upward in bilateral FR. The degree of correlation between the y-axis COP trajectory length and reach distance was similar in both measurements, and a negative correlation was found between trunk rotation and lateral flexion in FR. [Conclusion] The movement factors in FR involve trunk rotation, abduction of the scapula in the scapulothoracic joint, and lateral movement of the COP on the side of the arm measured. On the other hand, for movement factors in bilateral FR, trunk rotation and lateral flexion, as well as lateral movement of the COP, were minimal. Thus, the scapula appears to rotate upward. The results of this study imply that unilateral and bilateral FR reach tests are dynamic balance tests that exert posture control, including the aforementioned movement strategies, and reflect equivalent stability limits.


A significant portion (ca. 40%) of the world's total energy is utilized in buildings. Cooling of large buildings worldwide is done by centrifugal chiller systems, where the compressors, pumps, and fans are driven by ac motors. These motors are energy hungry parts of the chiller. All-variable speed chillers, taking into account load variations, reduced the energy demand significantly compared to the constant speed ones. Induction motors (IMs) are commonly used in modern chillers. However, as the efficiency of the IM decreases with the speed, the overall efficiency drops, as the chiller operates most of the time in part-load condition. In this paper, SimulationX software is used to quantitatively investigate about the energy efficiency improvement by using synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) in all-variable speed centrifugal chillers. The system was tested for three distinct building load profiles. The results are judged in comparison with the state-of-the-art IE2 IMs. The results provide quantitative evidence that SynRM can significantly increase the energy efficiency in the chiller systems and has a big potential to substitute IMs in these applications.


We present a theoretical model of the near-surface shear layer (NSSL) of the Sun. Convection cells deeper down are affected by the Sun's rotation, but this is not the case in a layer just below the solar surface due to the smallness of the convection cells there. Based on this idea, we show that the thermal wind balance equation (the basic equation in the theory of the meridional circulation which holds inside the convection zone) can be solved to obtain the structure of the NSSL, matching observational data remarkably well.


In big data parallel processing, parallel defects, e.g., data race and deadlock, are common causes that affect reliability of programs. Uncertainty in parallel processing characterises parallel defects, for which fuzziness of time sequence analysis plays an important role. To improve the performance of big data processing, we propose a multithreaded time sequence analysis approach based on type-2 fuzzy logic and hidden Markov model in this paper. Firstly, we collect a sample set of training data by carrying out extensive experiments for the target multi-threaded program with given observations. Secondly, we establish a time sequence analysis model to describe the inner relationship between the observations and time sequence of the target multi-threaded program. Thirdly, using this model we estimate the probability of each state sequence in all the target defect positions, with which we estimate the probability of defects for the corresponding observation sequence. To prove the scalability in a big data environment, we also use our approach to analyse a real concurrency defect in real world large-scale multi-thread programs. Our experiment results show that the average deviation using type-2 fuzzy logic is less than one fourth of the average deviation using type-1 fuzzy logic.


Vijay Govindarajan and Chris Trimble, How Stella Saved the Farm: A Tale about Making Innovation Happen. Pan MacMillan. 2013, 160 pp., ₹399. First Published in 2012 in USA: St Martin Press. ISBN: 978-0-230-76136-0


In measuring the resistances of short lengths of wire by Wheatstone's Balance , I have often experienced considerable difficulty in consequence of the resistances presented by the contacts between the ends of the several connected branches or arcs.


While the majority of previous scholarship on Augustine's theology has treated his references to rhetorical concepts as incidental, Robert Dodaro (2004), Michael Cameron (2010), Mark Clavier (2014) and Adam Ployd (2017), have recognized recently that Augustine incorporated sundry aspects of rhetorical theory into his theology in a consequential manner. In this article I advance this new scholarly movement in two ways. First, I show that Augustine also used rhetorical theory in a consequential manner in his early theology of creation; I argue that Augustine utilized the rhetorical concept of economy (oeconomia) as the logic justifying God's declaration that the completed creation was "very good" (Gen 1.31) by means of a close reading of De Genesi aduersus Manichaeos 1.21.32. Secondly, I combine my findings in this article with previous research to contend that future scholarship on Augustine's theology should treat his references to rhetorical concepts as potentially consequential.


As part of the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP) and the Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative (AFCI), the US Department of Energy (DOE) is participating in an international collaboration to irradiate prototypic actinide-bearing transmutation fuels in the French Phenix fast reactor (FUTURIX-FTA experiment). The INL has contributed to this experiment by fabricating and characterizing two compositions of metallic fuel; a non-fertile 48Pu-12Am-40Zr fuel and a low-fertile 35U-29Pu-4Am-2Np-30Zr fuel for insertion into the reactor. This paper highlights results of the microstructural analysis of these cast fuels, which were reasonably homogeneous in nature, but had several distinct phase constituents. Spatial variations in composition appeared to be more pronounced in the low-fertile fuel when compared to the non-fertile fuel.


The 17 species of Monogenea treated herein were collected from Wisconsin waters in 1947 by Dr. R. V. Bangham of Wooster College, Wooster, Ohio, to whom the authors express a debt of gratitude. The host material was first frozen and then preserved in formalin. After arrival at our laboratory, the gills were placed in small vials about twothirds full of tap water and shaken vigorously in order to free the parasites from the branchial tissue. This material was then transferred to Syracuse watch glasses and diluted and decanted until clear enough for reliable exam: ination with a dissectoscope. Individual specimens were collected with a capillary pipette equipped with a rubber bulb and transferred to clear water for removal of excess mucus. Each of the permanent mounts was made by selecting a specimen microscopically with a capillary pipette and transferring it to a drop of solidified glycerin-gelatin medium on a clean glass slide. A cover glass which was placed thereon settled in place as the medium was melted with gentle heat. The slide was cooled, the medium congealed, and a permanent mount was thus produced. Measurements were made with a compound microscope and a calibrated ocular micrometer for (1) body length, (2) greatest body width, (3) length of haptoral bars, (4) length and (5) width of anchors, (6) length of cirrus, (7) length of accessory piece, (8) length of hooks, and (9) t-ransverse diameter of pharynx. Curved structures were measured as a straight line extending between the two most distant parts of such structures. Measurements of anchor lengths, for example, extend from the tip of the superficiat root to the most distant point on the curved portion in the region of junction of the shaft and point. The width of the anchors is the greatest width of an anchor base. A mean measurement was calculated (in the case of two or more specimens) and consists of an average derived from the measurements of the same structure in different individuals. All measurements, except those for body length, and body width which were made with a lowpower objective (16 mm), were done with an oil-immersion objective. Available specimens up to a maximum of 27, were used in the treatment of a given species. One species of Tetraonchinae (Urocleidus chrysops from the white bass, Lepibema chrysops) and seven Dactylogyrinae (Dactylogyrus attenuatus, D. claviformis, and D. lineatus (all) from the northern creek chub, Semotilus a. atromaculatus; D. distinctus from the northern mnimic shiner, Notropis v. volucellus; D. dubius, D. pyriformis, and D. vannus from the northern common shiner, Notropis cornutus frontalis) are new. The host distribution of the remaining nine species is as follows: Cleidodiscus


This paper aims to study the bounds of k-integral operators with the Mittag-Leffler kernel in a unified form. To achieve these bounds, the definition of exponentially (α,h−m)−p-convexity is utilized frequently. In addition, a fractional Hadamard type inequality which shows the upper and lower bounds of k-integral operators simultaneously is presented. The results are directly linked with the results of many published articles.


The nonlinear equations that describe solitonic behavior in physical systems have, to-date, typically been derived by approximation or expansion methods. Here, by contrast, hidden integrable structure is revealed in diverse areas of nonlinear continuum mechanics through natural geometric constraints.


God and Rationality by Thomas F. Torrance. Pp. xi + 216 (Oxford University Press) £2.75. EXCEPT for the introductory chapter this book is made up of recent articles and lectures. There is a certain amount of repetition, but this will help the reader who wants to familiarize himself with Professor Torrance's themes. It should be unnecessary to say that they are very important ones. The book begins with some highly pertinent remarks about the confused state of mind in which many Christians find them selves today: 'The immediate reason for this in the Church is the deep cleavage that has opened up between theology and experience. Detached from the empirical reality of the living God, theology tended to become abstract and rationalistic and got stuck in arid ideas and inflexible frames of thought, losing its relevance for the life of Faith' (p. 3). The main line of argument, as I see it, is that, as modern science investigates reality without objectifying it by the application of static concepts (which is equivalent to subjectifying it), so theologians must investigate their object, God, by allowing his own rationality to have its way with them. The book is dedicated to Torrance's master, Karl Barth, and many philosophers and theologians will be at once on their guard against the danger of denying the validity of our basic thinking by an appeal to some special logic — Torrance refers to 'the logic of unhomogeneous classes' in field theory (p. 15). He will reply that objects in different categories require us to think in different ways and that the correctness of human thinking in theology depends upon its submission to God's authority. I should say that we submit to his authority (although we may not explicitly realize it) in conducting any genuinely open-minded enquiry and accepting the conclusions to which it leads us. And it would not do if what we come to know in this way as certainly true were to prove incompatible with what we are asked to believe as God's Revelation in Christ. We are not presented with any such collision in the book, but the appeal to special logics, together with some suggestion that the human mind is in a radically depraved condition until it has accepted the Revelation, does leave me, at times, a little uneasy.


The particle size of mono-dispersed super-microporous silica spheres synthesized from tetramethoxysilane and n-decyltrimethylammonium bromide was successfully controlled by variation of the synthesis temperature, methanol ∶ water ratio in solvent and silica source in the range of 0.52 to 1.25 µm, while their mono-dispersion characteristics were retained. The adsorption properties of the samples were a specific surface area of 700–1000 m2 g−1 and a pore volume of 0.32–0.41 ml g−1, and were mainly affected by the synthesis temperature. The mono-dispersed super-microporous silica spheres obtained had a particle diameter equivalent to the wavelength of visible light, and thus their optical use, for example, as photonic crystals, is expected.


A new measuring system of dielectric loss factor (tan δ) with TMS320F2812 DSP for high voltage capacitive apparatus is presented in this paper. By using harmonic analysis method for measuring phase difference, the quasi-synchronous algorithm and measurement error adaptive corrected with DSP is adopted. Test results show that the measuring system based on DSP has higher precision, stability and anti-interference reliability.


Low dispersion spectra of NGC 6905 and NGC 5189 are reproduced. These are nebulae with 'O VI sequence' nuclei. Line features are identified and classified according to site in the nucleus or the nebula; their flux densities are measured above continuum and presented before and after correction for interstellar extinction. The behavior of the line spectra, including line width, is summarized. The extinction parameter is further discussed in connection with establishing the characteristics of the continua. It is concluded that the continua are all dominantly stellar in the ultraviolet, with blackbody t=60,000 K in NGC 6905 and NGC 5189, but significantly hotter in Vy 1-1, and probably cooler in Hb 12. The latter two stellar planetary nebulae do not reveal definite line features.


The temperature distributions of double-cladding high-power Thulium-doped fiber amplifier with different inner-cladding shapes are investigated by solving the thermal conductive equation and rate equations. The offset DCF is demonstrated to be a better choice.


Three situations were displayed where to be using the outsourcing in the projects and organizational structure was investigated in the article. The roles of the members of the team were identified in outsourcing project. The phases of development were showed in outsourcing project


Multi layers in civil engineering has diverse meanings and uses for example on pavement has been used as a medium that provides theoretical information about the response of the pavement layer when receiving load in the middle, side and in the corner. In the other hand, multi-layers as a concept has been used as an approach in planning the thickness of road pavement added layer as the main principle of mechanistic method, and being part of the neural network method, also multi layers has been used as part of the road pavement analysis of the computational system with certain loading models. In this paper it is emphasized as an idea the need for multi layers to be appointed as a separate form of testing of the pavement layer, focuses on the literature review. The literature review uses an internalization-addition approach referring to the translation in the form of an interpretation of SNI 19-17025-2000 concerning the general requirements of laboratory testing and calibration laboratory requirements. Keywords—multi layers; internalization-addition approach; SNI 19-17025-2000


In this research, waste masks (WM) that pollute the environment have been evaluated in the polyester composite. Some physical and chemical properties of the obtained composite have been characterized. In particular, its density, Shore D hardness, thermal conductivity, thermal stability, and porosity have been determined. Waste masks were collected, disinfect, ground, dried and added into unsaturated polyester (UP) at the rates of 0 %, 2 %, 5 %, 7 %, and 10 % by mass as a filler. Mask wastes were reinforced to the unsaturated polyester in certain proportions and were homogenized thoroughly for 10 minutes at a mixing speed of 1000 rpm. Then, the chemical reaction has been carried out with the help of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) and cobalt octoate (Co Oc) catalysts. The chemical bond structure of the produced polyester composites was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR). According to the results, both density and Shore D hardness of the composites decreased as the WM ratios in the composites increased. It has been evaluated that the mechanical strength of the polyester composite and porosity raises with increasing WM ratio. The increase in WM by mass in the polyester composite raises thermal conductivity and activation energy.


Persistent activation of the "fight-or-flight" response accelerates aging and increases the susceptibility to disease. We show that repeated induction of the C. elegans flight response inhibits conserved cytoprotective mechanisms. This acute-stress response activates neurons that release tyramine, the invertebrate analog of adrenaline/noradrenaline. Tyramine stimulates the DAF-2/Insulin/IGF-1 pathway and precludes the nuclear translocation of the DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor through the activation of an adrenergic-like receptor TYRA-3 in the intestine. In contrast, environmental long-term stressors, such as heat or oxidative stress, reduce tyramine release allowing the induction of FOXO-dependent cytoprotective genes. These findings demonstrate how a neural stress-hormone signaling provides a state-dependent neural switch between acute and long-term stress responses, and provide mechanistic insights how acute stress impairs cellular defensive systems. One Sentence Summary: The "fight-or-flight" response reduces resistance to environmental challenges.


The general form of the solution to Laplace's equation is used to derive a higher-order asymptotic boundary condition. The boundary condition is then implemented in the finite element scheme to model two-dimensional transmission line structures operating in the quasi-TEM mode. The boundary condition is generalized and made valid for an arbitrary outer boundary. The operator is applied on a rectangular outer boundary because that is the most conformable outer boundary for the structures considered. The numerical results of two- and six-conductor configurations showed that the higher-order asymptotic boundary condition yielded a significant improvement over the simple asymptotic boundary condition. >


The ocean contains 50 times more carbon than the atmosphere and large amounts of carbon are exchanged each year between these two reservoirs. Over the past few decades, the ocean has slowed down the rate of climate change by absorbing nearly 30% of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. While ocean absorption of anthropogenic carbon is the result of physical and chemical processes, marine biology plays a key role in the natural carbon cycle by sequestering large amounts of carbon in deep ocean waters. Changes in these physical, chemical, or biological processes may result in feedbacks to the climate system, thus accelerating or slowing down climate change. These feedbacks between climate, the ocean, and its ecosystems need to be better understood in order to more reliably predict how the ocean characteristics, atmospheric CO2 and our climate will evolve in the future. The ocean, a carbon pump Laurent Bopp Chris Bowler Lionel Guidi


Using Jian-lotus plumula nelumbinis as material,based on the single factor tests,the optimum water-extraction technology of flavonoids from plumula nelumbinis was determined through orthogonal experiments: extraction temperature 90 ℃,extraction time 45 min,material-liquid ratio 3∶100(g·mL-1).Under these conditions,the extraction rate of flavonoids was 0.9882%.


Cerebral palsy has traditionally been thought of as a mobility and gait issue caused by a non-progressive damage to the developing mind. While indicative usual symptoms may occur at an earlier age, the characteristics of this entity develop over time, and the particular cerebral palsy condition may not be recognized until the child is between the ages of 3 and 5. Crouch walk, and severe knee bending when moving, is one of the most prevalent indicators of cerebral palsy. Leg splints, muscle damage, physical therapy, and leg surgeries can all assist children with cerebral palsy enhance their walking skills. Current gait trainers are primarily concerned with managing full joint trajectories, avoiding postural control, and tailoring therapy to a specific patient. Robotic exoskeletons used for adult with total paralysis, this one did not walk for the participant. They used their muscle to walk and assisted robot. The hope is that the device which is use will strengthen a child's muscle to improve unassisted walking. The use of the CP Walker, a revolutionary mechanical system for children with spastic palsy.


The physical development of extremely preterm infants remains poorly studied, it is mecessary to determine the timing and methods of «catching up» growth and the identification of risk groups for postnatal growth retardation. The article analyzes the indicators of the physical development of children born extremely premature in the first three years of life. The influence of gestational age, birth weight and postnatal growth retardation in the first months of life on the subsequent physical development of children was determined. Underweight of degrees 1 and 2 in extremely preterm infants at the discharge from hospital is a prognostic sigh for including in group risk for underweight, low height and low head circumference in the first three years of life.


A flight tunnel bioassay was used to evaluate attraction responses of female Diadegma insulare (Cresson), a host-specific parasitoid of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), to collard plants (Brassica oleracea var. acephala L.) infested with host and nonhost caterpillars. Adult female wasps showed increased responses to odors of the plant-host complex after a brief contact experience with host-infested collard leaves. Such an increase shows evidence of associative learning in this parasitoid to the odor released from the larval-plant complex. The same experimental design was also used to determine responses of the parasitoid to plants infested with nonhost larvae-cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), and imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (L.). The female wasps conditioned to the plants infested with host larvae also showed increased responses to plants infested with larvae of cabbage looper or imported cabbageworm. These results indicate that plants damaged by host and nonhost caterpillars...


Aim To investigate the effects of berberine on cancellous bone of the fifth lumbar vertebrae(LV5) and cortical bone of the tibial shaft(Tx) in rats induced by glucocorticoid.Methods Sixty 3-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: control,prednisone,prednisone plus calcium carbonate with vitamin D3,prednisone plus different doses of berberine.Rats in control group were given vehicle,rats in other five groups were given prednisone at 3.5 mg·kg-1·d-1 first,and then administered with vehicle,calcium carbonate 375 mg·kg-1·d-1 with vitamin D3 50 U·kg-1·d-1,berberine 15,30,or 60 mg·kg-1·d-1 an hour later.All rats were treated by oral gavaged at a volume of 5 ml·kg-1 for 12 weeks.The static and dynamic parameters in cancellous bone of LV5 and cortical bone of Tx were examined with histomorphometrical analyses.The changes of interlabeled width of growth plate of LV5 were observed.Results Compared with control group,trabecula bone volume,trabecular thick(Tb.Th),dynamic parameters and the interlabeled width of growth plate of LV5 were significantly decreased,while osteoclast number per mm(Oc.N) and percent osteoclast surface perimeter(Oc.S.Pm) were increased in prednisone group.Total tissue area(T.Ar),cortical area(Ct.Ar) and bone formation of Tx in periosteal surfaces were decreased in prednisone group.Compared with prednisone group,trabecula bone volume,Tb.Th,dynamic parameters and the interlabeled width of growth plate of LV5 were increased,Oc.N and Oc.S.Pm were decreased,but there was no significant change in Tx in prednisone plus calcium carbonate with vitamin D3 and prednisone plus berberine groups.Conclusion Berberine can prevent cancellous bone loss of LV5 in glucocorticoid-treated rats by improving bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption,but has no effect on cortical bone of Tx.


Double-exposure Fourier transform holographic interferometry using a pulsed, long coherence length Nd:YAG laser is reported. The recording medium is pure and iron doped lithium niobate. Interferometry experiments with λ1 = 532 nm only and λ1 = 532 nm with λ2 = 1064 nm simultaneously present (two-photon recording) have been conducted. Pulsed recording of holograms in undoped crystals is possible with acceptable results but low diffraction efficiency. The diffraction efficiency and the sensitivity are greatly enhanced by simultaneous presence of the 1064-nm line as expected with the holograms permanently stored in the crystals. These recording techniques are applied to recording and visualization of transient aerodynamic flow field phenomena. Good results are also obtained in heat transfer studies from electronic chips.


Presented here are the Al(III) molecular ring architectures from 8-ring to 16-ring. Although there are numerous reported cyclic coordination compounds based on transition metals, gallium, or lanthanides, so far the Al molecular are less developed due to the fast hydrolysis nature of Al 3+ ion. In this work, with the assistant of different monohydric alcohol, a series of atomic precisely aluminum molecular rings based on benzoates have been successfully synthesized. The ring expansion of these Al-rings from 8-ring to 16-ring is related to the structure-directing agents of monohydric alcohols. Moreover, the organic ligands on the Al-ring can be properly modified by using various benzoate derivatives, which lead to tunable surface properties of these Al-rings from hydrophilicity to ultra-hydrophobicity. Importantly, 4-aminobenzoic acid bridged 16-ring is soluble in organic solvents and exhibits high solution stability revealed by mass spectroscopy. Ligand substitution also can be performed between these Al-rings, which reveal controllable ligand functionalization of these Al-rings. This family of Al-rings with the ability to be post-modified therefore can be considered and expected as interesting and potential lego-like nano-building units for reticular chemistry. Such a model of organic shell modification without alteration of the inorganic core structure opens a new platform to further tune the chemical-property and subsequent utilization of these promising Al-rings. This work not only reveals molecular ring architectures assembled from Al 3+ ions and benzoates but also provides coordination delayed hydrolysis strategy toward the synthesis of crystalline Al(III)-based materials.


Excessive sound causes growing public well-being problems and significant environmental contamination in our daily life. Generally, most of the noise problems are difficult to be treated at source, and the reduction of noise emission is usually achieved through the use of noise isolation processes. In recent times, nonwovens as one of the most common textile products have become valuable sound absorption materials. These materials are used as sound absorbers, sound diffusers, noise barriers, and sound reflectors. For sustainable development of the textile industry, solutions for both decreasing waste and reducing noise have been searched for years. Due to the good sound absorbing properties, recycled materials are becoming an attractive option to traditional materials for practical purposes. In this study, the measurement methods of acoustic characteristics of textile materials are explained, and the sound absorption features of nonwoven fabrics made from both pure and recycled polyester and polypropylene fibers are compared.


To promote effective teacher collaboration, school leaders must examine all the social networks already in place and must ensure that expertise and other social resources are available at multiple levels in the school community. ********** WHAT DO finding a job, finding others who share an interest in quilting, getting medical advice, and improving teaching and learning have in common? All of these actions require individuals to draw on information or expertise through their ties to others in social networks. The study of people's social ties, the resources they obtain from them, and the communication tools--such as the Internet--that facilitate the flow of expertise and resources makes up an evolving science of networks that can help us better understand how to support and promote school change. The science of networks is not new in itself, but its application to the functioning of schools is. Sociologists have used mathematical methods for analyzing social networks since the 1960s and 1970s to study how people use social ties to find information, resources, and even other people to help them accomplish their goals. (1) Some of the earliest diagrams made of social networks concerned relationships among students. (2) More recently, researchers have begun to use social network analysis to analyze school leadership, teacher communities, and the diffusion of innovations in schools. And it turns out that--as in other domains--networks matter for school change. A social network refers to a set of people and the relationships among them. Sometimes these relationships are concentrated in small subgroups, and the larger network can be described in terms of the connections between subgroups. (3) So we can describe a school as a network that is composed of a set of subgroups, such as grade-level or subject-area teachers, students arranged by different grade levels, and smaller cliques of students within those grade levels. A network analysis then helps us understand how expertise, information, and resources flow from person to person and from subgroup to subgroup in the social structure. In teacher networks--the focus of this article and of our own research--the kinds of information and resources that circulate include ideas about teaching, learning, and assessment; talk about how to coordinate different school activities; stories of students and their successes and difficulties; strategies for managing learning in groups; tips for how to use technology; and views on administrators and administration. Some of this information is potentially of great use in facilitating school change, as when a teacher shares an idea about how to use a particular strategy for teaching writing in the classroom or demonstrates a method of assessment for a colleague. Of course, not all interactions facilitate school change. Talk about students can degenerate into gossip that leads to undeserved student reputations. Talk about certain teachers can isolate them. Talk about the administration can undercut the authority of particular reform goals. Setting up more frequent and regular meetings in which teachers talk about practice is a common strategy schools use for improving teaching, but it doesn't always work. Two important questions that the science of networks can help answer are "When does teacher collaboration lead to school change?" and "What are the forces that increase or restrict the flow of information and expertise among members of a teaching community?" As part of a study funded by the National Science Foundation, a group of researchers at SRI International, Michigan State University, and Pennsylvania State University set out to answer these questions. We used social network analysis and a longitudinal design to identify patterns of collaboration and sharing of expertise among teachers that led to self-reported changes in practice. We focused our research on 23 schools in California. …


The structure of TiNx films formed by low energy ion‐assisted deposition has been investigated by electron microscopy techniques. A dual ion beam system was used for the deposition with two Kaufman sources; one producing a 1 keV beam for sputtering Ti, the other a 100–400 eV argon or nitrogen ion beam. The variables of the experiment are the ion energy (100–400 eV), ion species (Ar+ or N+2), ion/atom arrival ratio, the angle of incidence of the ions with respect to the film and the partial pressure of nitrogen during deposition. The structure of the films has been examined using a 200 keV electron microscope for production of electron diffraction patterns and bright and dark field images of the films. It is found that films formed by reactive sputtering (i.e., no ion bombardment) are single phase TiNx which has fcc structure. The grain sizes of the microcrystals, which are randomly orientated, are 10–15 nm. Ion bombardment during deposition generally leads to strong preferential (100) orientation of the m...


This research is motivated by the number of students who experience learning problems. That is, students who experience impaired concentration or are not able to concentrate in the learning process, therefore a teacher is very instrumental in arranging and determining how to teach students, especially students who experience ADHD well, in various stages of child development, so that students are able to be disciplined and responsible, and noble. From the results of research that has been written before, after researchers conducted interviews with PAI teachers, researchers got direct information to carry out interviews, based on the findings in Chapter IV, namely in the problems faced by PAI Teachers in dealing with student learning problems were the first lack of support from parents. the two children became lazy to learn the third if the test did not learn the last if they were in their own class. While the purpose of the study is to obtain information from the teacher about problematic female students. Keywords: islamic education teacher, student learning problem


This paper introduces the ultrasonic imaging system for ultrasonic endoscope and illuminates the study and implementation of driving control system for ultrasonic imaging. On the basis of ultrasonic imaging system, we concretely design the emission circuit and receiving circuit. The control performances have been validated by experiments. As the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) being the core of this system, the paper describes the synchronous control among the ultrasonic emission、receiving、analog-to-digital conversion and ultrasonic imaging. An FPGA is used as the kernel module to control the data transferring、related circuit and chips working.


Housing (10) or housing part (11) for a control apparatus of an automobile, with a surface structure (22), which at least partially deviates from a flat surface, wherein the surface structure (22) It consists of several parallel planes (24, 26; 30, 32, 34), whose surface measurements are essentially of the same magnitude, wherein the planes (24, 26; 30, 32, 34) each have a plurality contours (28) equal, the number of planes (24, 26; 30, 32, 34) individual is approximately the same magnitude, with the individual measurements of the contours (28) of approximately the same magnitude, characterized in that surfaces of the inner side (36) and the outer side (38) of the housing (10) or the housing part (11) are reversed each other in the area of the surface structure (22).


Scraped surface heat exchangers (SSHEs) diversely used in various industries for different settings when continuous processing of fluid and related material is required. In this work, heat transfer for steady incompressible flow of a Newtonian fluid in the presence of high magnetic field with temperature variant viscosity in a small gap of SSHE is studied for a fixed temperature difference narrow gaps between rotor and stator. The fluidic system is modeled mathematically in terms of PDEs for non-isothermal megnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow with temperature dependent viscosity for linear blade shape. The solution of modeled PDEs are obtained analytically by exploiting the strength of Adomian decomposition method (ADM). The effects of different flow parameters of the systems are studied and their results are presented with analytical expressions and graphical illustrations.Scraped surface heat exchangers (SSHEs) diversely used in various industries for different settings when continuous processing of fluid and related material is required. In this work, heat transfer for steady incompressible flow of a Newtonian fluid in the presence of high magnetic field with temperature variant viscosity in a small gap of SSHE is studied for a fixed temperature difference narrow gaps between rotor and stator. The fluidic system is modeled mathematically in terms of PDEs for non-isothermal megnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow with temperature dependent viscosity for linear blade shape. The solution of modeled PDEs are obtained analytically by exploiting the strength of Adomian decomposition method (ADM). The effects of different flow parameters of the systems are studied and their results are presented with analytical expressions and graphical illustrations.


Nature of rich in content information is considered in the processes of unpower co-operation of the active systems. The quantitative measure of rich in content information is certain and the methods of its practical application are described at the construction of the artificial intellectual systems.


ASCENSION DAY 1997, MORGES, SWITZERLAND The Day The day on which Jesus ascended is a day tucked neatly in between the commissioning Jesus presented his disciples and the baptizing with the Holy Spirit's power that he promised would accompany them on the way. In the details of Luke's account, it is carefully marked as a day that came "after giving instructions through the Holy Spirit to the apostles whom he had chosen." It followed the days when he had been "appearing to them," "speaking" to them, "staying with them." On the other side of this day there would be waiting. What is promised is not yet here. A strict order compels them not to leave Jerusalem. At the Holy Spirit's fiery coming, he told them, "you will be baptized," "you will receive power," "you will be my witnesses." In the traditions of the church's worshipping life, resurrection and Pentecost have played large. The relation of both to the mission of God into which the church is implicated has been crucial for the church's self-understanding. But this "day" in between, the day of ascension, has been treated more as a passing comment, an almost irrelevant footnote. Perhaps it is now, in the light of the swirling dynamics in our contemporary world of globalization and fragmentation, dominance and liberation, healing and violence, that we can see in Ascension Day a paradigm for the church's presence and missional identity. Perhaps we can recognize in "the day when Jesus was taken up" (as also the ten days following) a liminal moment very much like our own, and one which therefore orients us to our vocation. Luke makes it apparent that the day of ascension was poised - suspended, as it were - between heaven and earth, between the beginning and the end. This was not the culmination - too much was yet awaiting the fulfillment of God's intentions. Nor was it the beginning - so thoroughly had Jesus' incarnation and suffering and death and resurrection begun the triumph of God's reign. Ascension Day stood wonderfully between, as we ourselves stand continuously between the beginnings and the endings of God's designs. We stand after the garden of Genesis where something went dreadfully wrong. We stand after the flowering of the nations and the diversity of the peoples (Gen. 10) and the powerful human instinct to construct a resolution, to fix earth and achieve by effort the knowledge and grandeur of God (Gen. 11). We stand after the modern project of mastery by autonomous rationality and rational choice market forces in a technologized world. We inherit it all. We stand also before the coming world of God's reign, captured so vividly by the vision in the revelation to John of a sparkling city, with a garden in the midst of it and the tree of life rooted on the banks of the river that runs through it. We live with memories of the dreams Jesus painted in those forty days before the day he was taken up, dreams that echoed the visions of prophets, fueling a hope grounded in the reality of Jesus' resurrection. And the ten more days of waiting were like our own, imagining what yet comes in fulfillment of the words of Amos and Isaiah: "Let justice roll down like waters, and righteousness like an everflowing stream" (5:24). "They will not hurt or destroy on all my holy mountain, for the earth will be full of the knowledge of the Lord as the waters cover the sea" (11:9). We know ourselves to be implicated in the liminality of the day of ascension, even now in our own time. We can feel it in this world of globalization and fragmentation. The big news of this week has been the falling from power of President Mobutu of Zaire. But many more clues spill from the pages of this week's newspapers and magazines. Nike is in pursuit of dominance in the world's sportswear market. Swissair defends (in its own in-flight magazine) why they hired non-Swiss to be the top executives charged with the success of the company, and why they declared some flights "non-smoking" - in answer to the challenge by one reader who said smoking infringed on personal freedoms and rights. …


Objective The morphological characteristics of pulp chamber in first premolars were measured by anatomical methods, in order to provide reference to the preparation of vital teeth. Methods Thirty first maxillary premolars and 30 first mandibular premolars were collected. The thickness of hard tissue at the cervix, between buccal (or lingual) pulp horn and buccal (or lingual) cusp, and that from fossa to pulp chamber roof were measured by vernier caliper. Results The measurement results of all indexes assumed a normal distribution, first maxillary premolars: buccal cusp to buccal pulp horn (5.09±0.50) mm; first mandibular premolars: buccal cusp to buccal pulp horn (4.68±0.57) mm. Conclusion In first premolars, buccal pulp horns were high, we should pay attention to the middle 1/3 of proximal surface, near the buccal areas, to avert pulp exposure.


Argus Ⅱ retinal prosthesis system (Argus Ⅱ; Second Sight Medical products, Sylmar, CA) is the first prosthetic retinal device approved for humanitarian use by both FDA in America and CE in Europe.It is a potential treatment for patients with end-stage outer retinal diseases.The system contains several parts, the camera first captures image and transfers it into electrical stimulating parameters conveying spatial-temporal information.The microelectrode epiretinal array then stimulate underlying bipolar cells and retinal ganglion cells.Patients present significant increases on levels of discrimination, target localization, motion detection and navigation.Possible adverse events include conjunctival erosion, hypotony and culture-negative presumed endophthalmitis.Future developments of the Argus Ⅱ system will not only comprise upgrading of image processing software and hardware, but also further disclosing retinal and visual signal processing mechanism.

Key words:
Visual prosthesis; Microelectrodes; Retinal prosthesis; Argus Ⅱ retinal prosthesis system


Eighteen strains of Salmonella senftenberg, an uncommon serotype, were isolated from the stools of children attending the pediatrics clinics of JN Medical College Hospitals, AMU, Aligarh between January and May. All strains were multiple drug resistance. The commonest pattern was ACSTK (56.6%) followed by ACKT (22.3%). The MIC 90 against Ampicillin and chloramphenicol of these isolates was more than 500 ug/ml. The resistance could be cured following UV light or Acridine Orange treatment in some of these strains. The R plesmids did not have the property of auto-transfer when incubated with E. coli K 12, but could be mobilized by X factor with a mean frequency of 0.84 X 10-5, only ACKT could be transferred en bloc. Plasmid DNA was isolated from all the eighteen strains. All isolates had only one plasmid, which was determined to have a molecular weight of 48 kb.


To one side of the wide third-floor hallway of Victoria College, just outside the offices of the Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology, lies the massive carcass of a 1960s-era electron microscope. Its burnished steel carapace has lost its gleam, but the instrument is still impressive for its bulk and spare design: binocular viewing glasses, beam control panel, specimen tray, and a broad work surface. Edges are worn, desiccated tape still feebly holds instructive reminders near control dials; this was once a workhorse in some lab. But it exists now out of time and place; like many of the scientific instruments we study, it has not been touched by knowing hands in decades.


Introduction: The correlation between child's nutritional status and mother's working status  in Indonesia is still unclear. Some research report a high prevalence of low-nourished children whose mother is working, while others report a non significant correlation between child's nutritional status and mother's working status.Methods: This study was case-control study, sample of low-nourished  children (treatment group) & well-nourished children (control) are taken from 21 Posyandu in Taman, Sidoarjo in 2015. All data were analyzed using Chi Square test.Results: There are 72 samples which are suitable with the inclusion criteria, consisted of 36 low-nourished children and 36 well-nourished children. From 72 samples, 28 children have a working mother and 44 children have a non working mother. There were no correlation between Mother's working status (p=0,486), Number of children in the family (p=0,468), History of chronic disease (p=0,054) with child's nutritional status. Level of family income, Mother's education level, History of exclusive breastfeeding, Energy consumption level, Protein consumption level were correlated with child's nutritional status with value (p=0,000), (p=0,002), (p=0,002), (p=0,000), (p=0,001) respectively.Conclusion: Mother's working status is proved that is not correlated  with child's nutritional status. But, level of family income, mother's education level, energy & protein consumption level, and history of exclusive breastfeeding are significantly correlated with child's nutritional status.


Ultraviolet spectrophotometry as an alternative technique to the thiosulphate titration for the dissolved oxygen evaluation of natural waters by Winkler method was used. Analysis of waters with different salinities (Rio Manzanares, Cienaga Grande, Bahia de Santa Marta) did not show statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between titration and photometry measurements, which suggest this technical modification can be applied in freshwater and marine aquatic systems.


Trust is an important concept that acts as the building block for successful interaction of any social network. Without trust, it will be difficult to achieve efficient and comfortable interactions among the users. For this reason, trust and reputation have been incorporated in many web services. Nowadays, many web services have become user centric with independent interoperability. This trend requires that interpersonal trust should be examined and maintained. The purpose of this paper is to present an agent based model based on the causal induction method to evaluate the interpersonal trust among the users. In this model, we will try to evaluate how much 'A' trust 'B' based on their past experience and information from other cliques. One important property of trust is that users prefer recommendations from their trusted cliques than recommendation from unknown source. Thus the closeness of the relationship also plays an important role in shaping the decision of users. To our best knowledge, this work is first to apply causal induction method in building a trust model of online social networks.


Bacillus thuringiensis strains were isolated from soil samples using sodium acetate selection procedure. Besides, B. cereus, B. sphaericus, B. megaterium, B. mycoides and other unidentified members of Bacillus were also isolated. Out of 20 samples, 18 samples (90%) showed the presence of B.t. strains along with other bacteria. Out of 2655 bacterial colonies observed from all samples, 1679 were considered as B.t. colonies. Most of the B.t. isolates were obtained from forest soils, followed by high altitude mountainous soils and then plains. Soils from India were extraordinarily rich in B.t. The overall B.t. index for India soils was 0.63.


This paper presents a controlled experiment study, investigating the impact of design techniques on a central and critical activity in designing ObjectOriented systems, behaviour allocation, implemented by assigning responsibilities to classes. Two alternative designing methods were used; Rational Unified Process (RUP) versus ICONIX method. Two groups of undergraduate students participated, each performing on one of the two designing methods. The subjects designed, using UML, a given use-case and a domain model, in order to assess the degree of their effectiveness in assigning methods in classes, examined by three quality factors: completeness, correctness and consistency. The results indicate that concerning effort, completeness, and consistency participants in RUP method performed more effectively than those performing in ICONIX method.


Numerous attempts have been made to deal with incipits. Seeking to avoid aporias from hitherto existing approaches (first sentence, theory of narrative modes, hermeneutical, etc.), the author of this paper has opted for a communicative approach based on Andrea Del Lungo (1993), who distinguishes four incipit functions: 1) the codifying function, 2) the interest-stirring function, 3) the informing function, and 4) the dramatizing function. This choice was made with respect to maximum teachability: best possible clarity combined with a realistic requirement of student competence in textual analysis. The author shows that only because of the ambivalent status of the information allocated in an incipit can the functions 3) and 4) be correlated and he presents a functional graph in which to place incipits according to their type.


This is the first of a series of three articles that present information on the population and vital rates of the Jesuit missions in the Paraguay province reconstructed from censuses.


Purpose: The IFAP syndrome is a rare X-linked genetic disorder with only 40 reported cases worldwide. We report a 23 year old, male patient with classical IFAP syndrome. Method: Descriptive single case report. Case: 23 years old male patient, presented with ocular findings of photophobia, cornealinfiltrate, superior corneal vascularization and astigmatism along with dermatological manifestations. Result: Photophobia was pathognomonic in a patient presenting with Icthyosisfollicularis and alopecia. Associated ocular findings were corneal infiltrate, superior corneal vascularization, angio regression with pericytic infilterate and Astigmatism. Our patient also presented with bilateral developmental cataract. Conclusion: Developmental cataract can be a primary manifestation with IFAP syndrome. Corneal infiltrates with photophobia as the only presenting symptom can be a rare finding associated with rare skin disorders like IFAP syndrome. They are also the most challenging symptoms to manage.


Context.In the context of Software Architecture, AADL (ArchitectureAnalysis and Design Language) is one of the latest standards (SAE StandardAS5506) used for analyzing and designing of architecture ...


Micik et al (I Dent Res 48:49-56, 1969) have observed that microorganisms from a patient's mouth could be aerosolized into the dental operatory at rates exceeding 100.000 colony forming units per minute (cfu/min) as a direct result of various dental procedures. These aerosols were considered a potential health hazard to dental personnel. The following preonerative oral hygiene procedures were evaluated for their effect in reducing the bacterial content of such aerosols: (1) toothbrushing for one minute with a brush and tap water, followed by a ten second, 20 ml water rinse; (2) toothbrushing with a mouthwash for one minute followed by three ten second, 20 ml mouthwash rinses; (3) three ten second, 20 ml water rinses alone; and (4) three ten second, 20 ml mouthwash rinses alone. Four commercially available mouthwashes of different formulation were used: (1) quaternary ammonium compound base (Scope); (2) phenol base (Chlorseptic); (3) essential oil base (Listerine); and (4) zinc chloride base (Lavoris). The human aerosol test chamber described by Micik et al was used to recover bacteria in aerosols generated by use of the air turbine handpiece with water spray coolant. For each evaluation, the patient's face was sealed in the chamber and the handpiece was operated for


Spatial presence is the binary (on/off) experience of a feeling located in a mediated environment, such as media (e.g., movies) and geometry-based virtual reality. No studies on the spatial presence in image-based virtual reality (IBVR) applications currently exist because of the low interaction functionality of spatial presence. IBVR refers to photo-based images that are stitched together to form a virtual environment. Interaction functions are limited to navigation using hotspot hopping, panning, and zooming in/out within the virtual environment. However, IBVR applications provide highly realistic visuals that can create the spatial presence of users through the use of scenic photographs that are stitched together to create a realistic panoramic view. This paper reports the results of a comprehensive study that attempts to identify which characteristics of IBVR applications can enhance the spatial presence of users. A systematic mental model technique called Repertory Grid was selected as an approach for the data collection because the approach allows users to freely state their opinions. Three different IBVR virtual environments were created to fulfill the Repertory Grid technique requirement. A different virtual environment is necessary to allow users to compare and provide feedback. A discussion is presented based on two aspects of the IBVR: panning, and hotspot hopping. The results indicate that the spatial presence of users can be enhanced through flexible panning; and consistent, and informative hotspots.


The underwater visibility of various colors, both fluorescent and nonfluorescent, was measured in four different bodies of water. The waters were selected to sample the continuum from very murky to clear. SCUBA divers observed with a horizontal path and other subjects on the surface looked down vertically. Fluorescent colors were always more visible than nonfluorescent, but the specific colors that were easiest and most difficult to see depended upon the body of water.


Age-related changes to vital signs indicate the possibility of a health condition which requires attention. A deviation from normal in vital signs might be an anomaly and indicate an important warning sign of changing health and indicators of the severity of illness that needs an immediate and reflexive response. Once anomalies are detected at the right time, the system will result in reflexive stimulus and will inform it to the care giver. It leads to the good and fast response of outcomes to save the patient's life. In this study, we proposed hybrid technique of K-Means clustering and isolation forest to detect anomalies. To evaluate the reliability of proposed hybrid technique, we compare existing isolation forest algorithm and hybrid technique of K-Means clustering and isolation forest on labeled datasets obtained from public. The results show that our hybrid technique is more sensitive in detecting anomalies. Applied on some labelled data, hybrid technique has lower error rate. For some labelled data, the hybrid technique has high error rate.


Abstract Conjugate heat transfer analysis is carried out in a cascade domain for a nozzle guide vane. The nozzle guide vane is internally cooled by jet impingement cooling, and the external surface is cooled by film cooling. A computational study was carried out with three different materials, having conductivity values of 0.0048, 0.2 and 1.1 W/m.K. Distribution of local surface temperature along the leading edge, pressure and suction surface is reported. The leading edge region showed the maximum increase in internal surface temperature as the conductivity increased among the different regions of the vane internal surface. However, the pressure and suction surfaces showed relatively less increase in the surface temperature distribution. In order to validate the computational result, the obtained temperature data were compared with experimentally obtained surface temperature data. The flow phenomena like jet lift-off and self-induced cross-flow affect the local temperature distribution differently in the three materials. For a constant mainstream and coolant flow, the surface temperature gradient is higher for the lower conductivity material, and the gradient decreases as conductivity increases. Hence, a material with higher conductivity is desired in a combined impingement and film cooled nozzle guide vane, to increase the durability of the vane.


Different user groups will bring different lifestyles, and will also result in different economic entities, including personal financial management and real estate, and various social activities. However, consumer behavior is inherently multidisciplinary, with psychology, sociology, social psychology, marketing and economics being the most important. Therefore, consumer behavior research methods are more or less influenced by these more mature disciplines, of which psychology has the greatest impact. Each of us may be a consumer in life, and we build our own unique "lifestyle" through different "consumption experiences", so that everyone has different "consumption behaviors." Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to investigate the antecedents of different users' ethnic lifestyles, with unmarried users as the main body of the research, and to understand how this lifestyle and consumer awareness or cognition affect these consumers' subsequent purchases Different external behaviors in the process. Through the literature survey method, systematically collect the true or historical situation of the research object, collect relevant academic monographs, academic journal articles, official statistics, etc., read extensively, analyze and summarize consumer psychology, lifestyles, and consumer behaviors of different single groups, looking for this The new business opportunities of the era and the establishment of AI artificial intelligence data are provided, so that marketers have more time and energy to explore the insights behind the data.


One embodiment of the present invention is an organic electroluminescence element, including: an anode; a cathode; an organic light emitting medium layer including a buffer layer and an organic light emitting layer, the organic light emitting medium layer being between the anode and the cathode, and the buffer layer comprising at least two kinds of inorganic material.


This study started with the idea that the theoretical rationality of taekwondo training within Energy (氣) flow could be found in quantum theory. This...


Spirometry is better pulmonary function test for evaluating preschoolers with chronic lung disease and recurrent wheeze. It is useful, accessible and very good performance. For a correct interpretation it must be under the conditions specially controlled for this age group. In this review, product of the work done during the year 2018, by the Committee on pulmonary function in pediatric pulmonology Chilean society, will be showcased aspects for the realization and interpretation of spirometry in preschool children, with emphasis on the differences in the criteria typically described for older children and adults.


What role do or should US unions play in democratic or worker-owned enterprises? The three major types of US industrial democrats-those favoring collective bargaining, those favoring nonunion, management-run participation, and those favoring setting up alternative organizations-disagree and/or are hostile to each other on this question. This study presents two cases: (1) a set of long-unionized worker-owned companies; and (2) a community-owned economic development organization with unionized workers and union representatives on its board of directors. Qualitative observational and interview data are combined with statistical analysis of attitudinal data. The findings indicate that union presence is problematic for itself and the enterprise. Moreover, the union tends to play a traditional conservative role, emphasizing protection of workers from management abuses, which stem from the imperfect nature of worker/community ownership arrangements and the imperfect nature of democratic management.


Grammaticalization, by definition, refers to the phenomenon that the context words evolve into empty words and accordingly lead to the structural condensation at the levels of discourse, syntax and morphology. With the general introduction of grammaticalization and the selection of English and Chinese data, this study aims to develop the idea that grammaticalization is conventionalized language uses, by means of the analysis of such contextual factors as the colloquial contexts, language uses, the communicative purpose, and the role of emerging metaphor and contiguity metonymy. This paper finally puts forward the possible contributions of this study to language teaching and cross-linguistic studies. \ \


Cold-reactive antibodies may cause peripheral ischaemia, occasionally proceeding to gangrene on exposure to cold. A 46-year-old male with syphilis, presented with an unusual combination of both paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria and cold agglutinin disease, resulting in peripheral gangrene and requiring bilateral below knee amputations.


Foreword Dienerian (Early Triassic) ammonoids and the Early Triassic biotic recovery: a review by David Ware and Hugo Bucher Present work .................................................................6 Defi nitions of stages and substages .............................6 Biochronology: the Unitary Association Method and terminology ..........................................7 References .....................................................................7


In the sensor network blind calibration problem, the gains and offsets of sensors are estimated from noisy observations of unknown underlying signals. This is in general a non-identifiable problem, unless restrictive assumptions on the signal subspace or sensor observations are imposed. To overcome these assumptions, we propose a dynamic Bayesian nonparametric model. We show that if the unknown underlying signals follow the first-order auto-regressive process, then the sensor gains and offsets are identifiable. Furthermore, our model allows sensors to form clusters, where each cluster observes the same underlying signal. The clusters are however not known a priori, and are learned through the sensor data. We present a block Gibbs sampling inference method based on the forward filtering backward sampling algorithm. Simulation results suggest that our approach can estimate the sensor gains and offsets with good accuracy, and performs better than methods that first perform clustering and then blind calibration.


The color change phenomenon of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) has puzzled the energetic researchers for decades. Many efforts have been dedicated to identifying the "colored TATB", however, hardly any of well-established evidences have been ascertained. After detailed reviewing the literatures, we herein propose a new insight to survey the coloration of TATB. And a 3D photonic crystal model has been proposed to elucidate the color change phenomenon of TATB. Coloration behavior of the TATB is confirmed by home-made TATB thin film. It is proved that the coloration of TATB is a physical appearance, structural color.


In Sub-Saharan Africa less than 10% of the rural population has access to electricity [1]. Stand-alone power systems (SPS) can be a solution to the problem of the lack of electricity, which highlights challenges such as modules installation costs as well as the sufficient knowledge required for installing, maintaining and operating such systems. With this fact in mind, a 250 W Low Head turbine system was developed and optimized to have the advantage of the simplicity of installation and a construction from readily available materials. This design scores the electrical efficiency of 60%, reduces manufacturing unit coast to 130 € and takes into account the necessity of providing a clear and simple manual describing the manufacturing and installation. A better version of the load controller, using a microcomputer is under current development. Mounting of the system have been simplified to reduce the amount of construction material required to provide uninterrupted 230 V at 50 Hz AC or optional 12 V DC power supply. Current efforts aim on transferring the required mechanical and electrical knowledge for building, programming, installing and maintaining such system to schools in targeted countries. This project doesn't only provide people in rural developing countries a gleam of hope to catch up with the developed countries, but also helps students to use their theoretical knowledge to realize practical applications.


ABSTRACT The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) green synthesis has been investigated by selecting naturally occurred reduction and stabilizing/capping agents. In this work, Ilex paraguariensis aqueous extract in the one-step biosynthesis of AgNPs is reported. The synthesis was carried out at room temperature under different pH (5.0, 6.8 and 8.5) and extract concentrations (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% v v−1) resulting in average diameters ranging from 34 to 144 nm and polydispersity index (PDI) up to 0.51. The morphological characterization was performed by Transmission Electron Microscopy, associated with the UV–Vis Spectroscopy, showing that at higher pH the shape of AgNPs was more spherical rather than ellipsoidal. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of AgNPs exhibited 2θ values corresponding to silver nanocrystals. Colloidal AgNPs solution synthesized with pH 8.5 and extract concentration of 2.5% v v−1 remained stable for 10 months of storage at ambient temperature. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy suggested that the polyphenols were responsible for the AgNPs formation. AgNPs presented bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity. AgNPs presented in vitro rat brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, with higher inhibition potential at 200 µL. So, it is concluded that AgNPs were synthesized with success, the pH and extract concentration influences in AgNPs size and morphology, consequently in its antimicrobial and AChE activity. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


In the upcoming R3B-FAIR facility, to achieve the design goal for high resolution neutron time-of-flight [1,2], various types of prototypes have been explored at several places [3,4,5,6]. The possible candidates for active material of such a spectrometer can be either Multigap Resistive Plate Chamber (MRPC) or conventional plastic scintillators. At initial stage of NeuLAND development, at Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, MRPC design feasibility was studied extensively[3,5]. Multi-strip Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chambers (MMRPC) has been built at SINP, Kolkata using local infrastructure (SINP workshop, dedicated laboratory, etc.) and major local raw materials [3]. The design of the detector elements is as followed: double stack MRPC with glass resistive plates and two gas gaps of 0.3 mm, each[3]. The Anode plate was segmented with 2cm wide strip. The detector was first tested in the laboratory using cosmic muons and gamma rays in coincidence with cerium doped LaBr3 detector. Fig. 1 shows the experimental setup for testing MMRPC in coincidence with LaBr3:Ce detector. Timing response corresponding to cosmic muons was observed to be around 150±30ps without slew correction. The electron response of our developed detector was studied using the electron linac ELBE at HelmholtzZentrum Dresden-Rossendorf. The electron energy was chosen to 29 MeV with pulse width less than 10 ps. To find the optimum operational condition of the prototype, the detector was scanned with beam focused on a single strip of MMRPC. Measurements were also performed with the beam spot focused on each of the other individual strips of MMRPC. The absolute efficiency of the detector was measured to be more than 90% with cathode voltage above -7KV. Fig. 2(a) shows the 2-D plot for slew corrected ToF of developed MMRPC against deposited charge on a single strip. Measured time resolution (σt) after slew correction was 98.0±2.7 ps (Fig. 2(b)). Position information was extracted from the difference in time from either end of a strip. Position resolution along the strip (σx) was found to be 1.9±0.7 cm. Recently, an extensive test and characterization of Plastic scintillators have been started at our laboratory at SINP, Kolkata. In laboratory, various types of plastic scintillator (BC408, BC422q etc) of several dimension coupled with PMTs at both ends have been procured. Fig: 1 Fig: 2 (a)


The present research highlights womanhood attributes and characteristics in Paule Marshall's first novel "Brown Girl, Brownstones". It analyzes the various women characters in the novel and sheds light on different attributes of womanhood in them. This is done through Selina's life experiences. The present research offers a female perspective on conflict, racism, grief, love, greed, and the bitter truth of discrimination under the lie of American inclusivity mentioned in the novel. It shows the journey of Selina from division to oneness towards her family, friends, and community, from being a girl to becoming a woman. The research talks about an environment depicted in the novel where all womanhood features sometimes coexist in peace while they conflict with each other in other instances.The research ends with the identification of the protagonist's characteristics as inferred from the novel. The identified characteristics are Assertiveness, Empathy, Imperfection, Power and Courage, Self-Esteem, and Confidence.


The velocity (~242 km·s-1) of the Solar System around the galactic center within the universal pressure (~10-10 Pascal) produces energies within the earth's volume that is equivalent to that released by the sum of all earthquakes per unit time. The available energy within the earth and solar volume from the expected spatial variations of this pressure along this perimeter, which requires about 250 million years to traverse, can accommodate the increased geomagnetic activity from the expanding solar corona over the last approximately 100 years as well as the increase in global warming. Inferences of a varying structure of space that may explain the periodicity and range in solar cycles as well as anomalous minimums (such as the Maunder phenomenon) suggest a central galactic singularity with spatial ripples exhibiting peak-to-peak troughs that approximate the earth's circumference and frequencies in the order of 7 to 8 Hz. The precise velocity-universal pressure flux density may also explain the millilux-range magnitude of the earth's night (air) glow. These results and the application of these concepts indicate that origins of seismicity, slow drifts in the intensity of geomagnetic activity, and global warming (and cooling) trends are products of differential interactions with quantitative fluctuations in sub-matter space and that the subtle variations encountered as the Solar System moves along this 1021 m perimeter may be more significant than previously assumed.


Background and Aim : Self-administered questionnaires are clinically important to document how tinnitus affects the daily life of patients. In this regard, there is a need to have an alternative questionnaire that covers relevant aspects of tinnitus and related symptoms. The present study aimed to develop and validate a new tinnitus questionnaire known as Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire or Borang Evaluasi Soal selidik Tinitus (BEST) in Malay version. Methods : The present study had two consecutive phases. In phase 1 of study, BEST questionnaire was initially developed in English and underwent forward and backward translation processes. Following relevant amendments, the final version of BEST (Malay version) was ready for subsequent tasks. It consists of 25 items categorized under 3M domain (mind, main and mental). In phase 2, 65 patients with tinnitus were recruited for determining the validity and reliability of BEST. Results : Content validity index (CVI) of BEST ranged from 0.71-1.00. Endorsement rates of BEST were acceptable ( 0.05) implying good construct validity. Conclusion : The BEST questionnaire has been proven valid and reliable to be used clinically, particularly among Malay-speaking population. Nevertheless, future studies are welcome to further support the findings obtained from the present study.