Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and its more advanced form, Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) are severe adverse cutaneous reactions that predominantly involve skin and mucous membranes. In view of the current dearth of documented knowledge, this study the first of its kind from India was designed to categorically distinguish and compare the different associated factors and clinical manifestations relevant to the development of SJS/TEN syndrome among the immunocompromised (Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 seropositive) patients in Eastern India. 16 out of 29 patients (55.1%) were found to be suffering from drug induced SJS or TEN, while the rest (44.8%) had severe pathogenic involvements. Neviraprine use was found to be the major cause among drug involved SJS (53.8%) and TEN (66.66%) cases followed by allopurinol use. The frequency of incidence of kidney disease (67% in SJS and 54% in TEN) and neurological impairment (42% SJS and 37%TEN) was found to be significantly higher among the SJS patients whereas that of hepatitis (38% SJS and 47% TEN) , ocular dysfunction (49% SJS and 63% TEN) and pulmonary dysfunction (47% SJS and 53% TEN) were higher among the TEN patients. This study also had another prominent motive, which is to elucidate the possible role of human cytomegalovirus in triggering the exfoliative inflammatory disease conditions among these patients. The incidence rate of SGPT and SGOT were significantly higher in TEN patients than in SJS (p=0.001 and p=0.002) . Mean sodium level in blood was within normal range in both the groups whereas potassium and chloride levels were much higher than normal Out of the 29 HIV seropositive patients with SJS/TEN we studied, only 4 (13.7%) had an active HCMV infection. In detailed study of the associated laboratory and clinical parameters, cytokine analysis profile, Immuno-histologic findings and rigorous analysis of the investigation reports identified HCMV infection as the probable trigger behind SJS/TEN development in these patients.


In this paper a genetic algorithm (GA) is developed to create a feasible and active schedule for the flexible job-shop scheduling problems with the aims of minimizing completion time of all jobs, i.e. makespan. In the proposed algorithm, an enhanced solution coding is used. To generate high quality initial populations, we designed an Operation order-based Global Selection (OGS), which is taken into account both the operation processing times and workload of machines while is assigning a machine to the operation which already is ordered randomly in chromosome `operation sequence part. The precedence preserving order-based crossover (POX) and uniform crossover are used appropriately and furthermore an intelligent mutation operator is carried out. The proposed algorithm is applied on the benchmark data set taken from literature. The results demonstrated efficiency and effectiveness of the algorithm for solving the flexible job shop scheduling problems.


Because they consume energy to drive their motion, systems of active colloids are intrinsically out of equilibrium. In past decades, a variety of intriguing dynamic patterns have been observed in systems of active colloids, which offer a new platform for studying non‐equilibrium physics, in which computer simulation and analytical theory have played an important role. Recent progress in understanding the dynamic assembly of active colloids by using numerical and analytical tools is reviewed, including progress in understanding the motility induced phase separation in the past decade, followed by discussion on the effect of shape anisotropy and hydrodynamics on the dynamic assembly of active colloids.


Abstract : The main thesis of the paper is that innovative changes in both urban metapolicy and in urban education are needed to meet present and future urban problems. Metapolicy deals with policies on policymaking, including the characteristics of the policymaking system and basic policy frameworks and postures. The analysis has important implications for urban educators. (Author)


the Brazilian municipalities have distinct modes of organization and public administration owing to differing regional realities, which is an important strategy for the planning of he- alth surveillance services. t he aim of this study is to describe and analyse the procedures performed by the Health Surveillance service of Divinopolis inserted into the Ambulatory i nformation System (S A-SUS) from 2008 to 2013. t his was a cross-sectional study that used information from the electronic database S i A-SUS and publicly available through the site DAtA/SUS. From tabnet/Datasus were accessed data of outpatient services in the SUS for the service location and form of organization related to health surveillance. Data were exported and organized by activity type for Excel® computational program (ver- sion 2007) to descriptive analysis. A total of 49 types of procedures performed by health surveillance service of Divinopolis, 6 (12.24%) are related for administrative proceedings health, 4 (8.16%) for educational activities, 5 (10.20%) for analysis/research outbreaks and 10 (20.41%) for sanitary inspection. t he S i A-SUS is a useful tool for the development of mechanisms for service evaluation of health surveillance.


D r LHHJ is a Consultant in Stryker Corporation. The orthopaedic in-training examination (OITE) is an examination taken yearly throughout residency to gauge a resident's fund of orthopedic knowledge relative to colleagues nationally. Functioning as an educational appraisal instrument, the OITE is categorized into 12 domains of core clinical competency from which trainees can analyze on their score reports and identify weaknesses in their orthopedic knowledge. At the conclusion of orthopedic residency training, physicians take the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) Part I examination as part of their board certification to become independent practitioners. Although there exist notable differences between the examinations, a consistent relation between OITE and ABOS percentile ranks has been demonstrated in previous studies. The authors sought to evaluate the relation between performance on individual OITE subsections and overall ABOS Part I performance. Additionally, they aimed to quantify the representation of each subsection on the OITE by question volume. To do this, they retrospectively reviewed OITE data obtained during an 11-year period (1999–2009) in a single orthopedic residency program. The OITE subsection percentile rank scores were collected for each year in training, and only residents with at least 4 OITEs were included. The number of questions from each subsection of the OITE were also recorded for each examination year and combined to calculate the representation of each subsection by question volume during the years studied. American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Part I examination performance data were then obtained and correlation coefficients were generated to quantify the association between OITE subsection and ABOS Part I performance. The authors demonstrated that subsections represented by a greater percentage of questions on the OITE correlate better with ABOS Part I performance. Areas with greater representation on the OITE included trauma, hip and knee reconstruction, spine, orthopedic science, and orthopedic disease, and these subsections were specifically shown to correlate well. Notably, the number of individual subsections with a significant correlation with ABOS Part I performance increased years 3 to 5 of training. The subsection with the greatest number of year in training groups showing a significant correlation was trauma with 3, followed by hip and knee reconstruction with 2. Surprisingly, the pediatrics subsection, which was the second-most represented subsection by percentage of questions on the OITE, did not correlate well with ABOS Part I percentile rank. Otherwise, performance on 5 of the top 7 subsections on the OITE by question volume was found to correlate significantly with ABOS Part I percentile rank. Several subsections were found to never demonstrate a significant correlation, including medically related issues, hand, and shoulder and elbow. Furthermore, it was observed that for years 2 to 5 of residency training, the composite percentile rank on the OITE correlated well with ABOS Part I percentile rank. In the current era of reduced work hours in training, it is paramount that residency programs be timely and effective in identifying residents who may be at increased risk for failure on certification examinations. To this end, the authors' findings provide program directors valuable information to more quickly identify residents at risk for poor performance on ABOS Part I and allow for prompt focused attention by the residency faculty. For these results to be applicable at other orthopedic residency programs, further multicenter evaluations will be required to address any potential program-to-program variations.


Background Compared with the rearfoot strike pattern of shod running, barefoot running with a forefoot strike pattern will change the kinematics and kinetic parameters. This paper analyses the biomechanical differences between barefoot running and shod running and aims to provide a reference for barefoot training and the prevention of sports injury. Methods Three-dimensional force plate test and three-dimensional video analysis. Results Kinetic characteristics: The F-t curve by the force plate test shows that barefoot running has a smooth curve with a single peak while the F-t curve of shod running has a double peak on the vertical direction curve. The maximum ground reaction force in the vertical direction of barefoot running is significantly less than shod running. Kinematics characteristics: Compared with shod running, barefoot running has a faster step frequency, a shorter stride length, a shorter foot-to-ground contact time. The smaller stride length means barefoot running has a bigger ankle plantar flexion, which shows barefoot running can reduce sports injuries.


Developing the construction of industrial raw-material forest bases not only can effectively solve the raw materials supply for timber-processing enterprises,but also has great significance on easing the impact of forestry industry development on ecological construction,insuring the smooth implementation of ecological construction projects,consolidating the outcome of forestry construction,promoting the coordinated development of forestry eco-system and forestry industry system,and achieving the goals of forestry development,increasing income for farmers and forest area construction.


Arthropods can cause variety of cutaneous manifestation including pigmentation. Recently, burrowing bug pigmentation is described in the literature which though is a very common occurrence and goes underreported. Hereby, we report 2 cases of this entity presenting with atypical features to expand the clinical spectrum and to create awareness about this self-limiting condition. We have also added dermoscopic features of this entity to provide new dimension to the diagnosis.


Due to continuous improvements in process technology additively generated components are increasingly used for prototypes and small series devices. In comparison to conventional manufacturing process chain, additive manufacturing enables in principle embedding of conductive circuits and electronic components during the part building process. However, technologies like Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) or stereolithography (SLA) imply disadvantages concerning high process temperatures or time consuming cleaning steps. In contrast, Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) seems to be well suited for production of mechatronic integrated devices due to the use of thermoplastic materials for electronic productions (e.g. ABS, PC/ABS), a low thermal load of electronic parts and a simple process management. In this paper, additive manufacturing of mechatronic devices by means of FDM in combination with direct printing of silver ink for generating conductive circuits is investigated. The silver ink is deposited in the matrix or applied on the surface of the part by a dispensing system during the building process. The in situ sintering process of the ink is carried out by a subsequently infrared laser (IR) irradiation. In order to generate components with a high mechanical stability the adhesion of the extruded material strings is optimized considering processing temperature and flow properties of the extruded thermoplastics (ABS, PC/ABS). Furthermore, depending on the flow behavior important FDM process parameters (e.g. volume flow, hatch distance) are adjusted to minimize cavities and generate media-tight components. The conductive circuits are characterized with respect to their electrical conductivity and mechanical stability.


Trinity Broadcasting Network (TBN) ranks among the largest television station conglomerates and the most longstanding televangelist programmers in America today. Since its founding in 1973, TBN has published promotional documents to "write its own history." These documents connect TBN's religious legitimacy to its success as a business and claim that the former causes the latter and that the latter is proof of the former. This study uses textual analysis to show that TBN represents itself as a divinely directed organization to earn its targeted viewers' trust and to help it to remain competitive as a modern media enterprise.


The crystal structure of the title compound, C 8 H 2 Cl 2 N 2 O 2 , was reported recently [Reddy, Ovchinnikov, Shishkin, Struchkov & Desiraju (1996). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118, 4085-4089]. However, the space group has been corrected from Pna2 1 to Pnma in the present study. The molecule lies on a mirror plane perpendicular to b.


Medical surveillance via occupational medical examinations is the most widely tool used in prevention and control of job-related diseases. Its management by the occupational physician allows recognition of the occupational disease. By developing programs of preventive-promotional health and occupational examinations the Occupational Health Services make possible early recognition of labor health problems. Their goal is to prevent work-related diseases. Companies must establish and maintain labor health services integrated by specialized physicians in occupational medicine as head of a team that includes occupational nurses, industrial hygiene, and other technicians specialized in labor health-related fields.


The 2-stage DCS control system in production process of cement is composed by using ControlLogix 5550 PLC and the concerned configurational software,which are made by Allen-Brdley Company. The system is reliable and stable in functions, gain good effect in use.


This study concerns the analysis of the ultrastructural modifications in the hypophysis induced after repeated administration over a period of one to five weeks of Sulpiride in male and female rats. The hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the prolactin cells, as well as the dilatation of the intercellular spaces are increased with duration of treatment. The prolactin cells present: a highly developped R.E.R., very rich in ribosomes, a hypertrophied Golgi area showing an active condensation in granules of the secreted material. A massive extrusion of mature and immature granules at the level of the plasmic membrane is observed throughout the treatment. The Sulpiride, therefore, induces a strong activation of the hormonal synthesis and release in the prolactin cells. The gonadotrope cells also show a strong stimulation and the same cytologic modifications that are found in the castrated animal. The thyreotrope and somatotrope cells do not appear affected by Sulpiride treatment. The possibility of a direct action by Sulpiride on the hypophysis is discussed.


Objective To evaluate the effectivity and safety of child virus diarrhea treated by cimetidine and dipyridamole.Methods 235 child virus diarrhea patients were randomized into treatment group(n=115) and control group(n=120),cimetidine and dipyridamole were given in treatment group,virazole were given in control group.Results In the treatment and control group,overall effectiveness rates were 92.2% and 75.8%,respectively.There were significant differences between the two groups(χ2=20.92,P0.01).the time of treatment in treatment group was shorter than control group,furthermore,the differences was significant(P0.01).there was no side-effect in the treatment group.Conclusion Child virus diarrhea treated by cimetidine and dipyridamole is effective,safe,simple and cheapness,so it is worthy of spreading.


We introduce a formal framework that allows the calculation of new purely statistical confidence measures for parsing, which are estimated from posterior probability of constituents. These measures allow us to mark each constituent of a parse tree as correct or incorrect. Experimental assessment using the Penn Treebank shows favorable results for the classical confidence evaluation metrics: the CER and the ROC curve. We also present preliminar experiments on application of confidence measures to improve parse trees by automatic constituent relabeling.


We study two simple and well motivated nonuniversal gaugino mass models, which predict higgsino dark matter. One can account for the observed dark matter relic density along with the observed Higgs boson mass of ~ 125 GeV over a large region of the parameter space of each model, corresponding to higgsino mass of ~ 1 TeV. In each case this parameter region covers the gluino mass range of 2-3 TeV, parts of which can be probed by the 14 TeV LHC experiments. We study these model predictions for LHC in brief and for dark matter detection experiments in greater detail.


[Objective] The aim was to screen out plants which had strong contact activity against Lipaphis erysimi Kaltenbach.[Method]Twenty plant species which were collected from Gupo Mountain in Hezhou were extracted with methanol by cold soaking method.Contact activities of 20 methanol plant extracts to Lipaphis erysimi Kaltenbach were determined by topical application.[Result] The methanol extracts from Mussaenda esquirolli Levl and Folium trematis Orientalis had the highest contact activities against Lipaphis erysimi Kaltenbach at the dose of 10 μg/larva,and their 24 h corrected mortalities were 92.22% and 92.15%,respectively.Next came Folium trematis and Viola hossei,and their 24 h corrected mortalities were 87.59% and 82.95%,respectively.The methanol extract of Hedyotis lancea had medium activity,with the 24 h corrected mortality of 65.52%.Methanol extracts of the other plants had low contact activities against Lipaphis erysimi Kaltenbach,with the corrected mortality being below 50%.The methanol extracts of Mussaenda esquirolli,Ficus variolosa and Folium trematis had high contact toxicity,with LD50 of 0.768 6,0.784 1 and 1.504 4 μg/larva,respectively.[Conclusion] Mussaenda esquirolli,Ficus variolosa and Folium trematis show exploitation potential,and they are worth further studying.


Based on"Nonferrous Metal Industrial Adjustment and the Rejuvenation Plan"in China and the actuality of Guangxi nonferrous metal industry,the article sets forth 5 ways of speeding up the development of this industry in Guangxi.


A university team worked on a new product development to reduce the energy costs associated with public illumination. The research deliverables include the development of a business plan that proposes a substitution of the current energy source with an eolic alternative. The proposed application could result in savings of approximately $ 100 million annually. Topics within the research include application and market identification, evaluation of alternatives and risk analysis. Keywordsenergy management, wind energy, business plan, renewable energy.


Vaccine prevents transmission of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV).1,2 Risk of transmission of HBV, for which blood borne infection is a major route, is higher among the health care workers.2 However, vaccination awareness has been found to be poor among the health care workers (HCW), both in developed and developing countries.3 Very few literatures have been found regarding studies on knowledge, awareness and practices of vaccination against both HAV and HBV, especially among the HCW in the Indian subcontinent. At present, in Bangladesh, hepatitis B vaccination has been integrated into the existing expanded program of immunization (EPI) schedule. It was under trial in 25 districts and five city corporations in Bangladesh till 2004,4 but has been incorporated in the national immunization program throughout Bangladesh from the year 2005.5 Very few studies have been done in Bangladesh, in order to determine the awareness, prevention strategies and prevalence of HAV and HBV infection.6 Henceforth, there is a strong need of studies for determining the level of knowledge, awareness and areas of prevention in order to reduce the prevalence. As vaccine is the best way to prevent the incidence of hepatitis viruses, we have assessed the knowledge of the awareness of vaccination among the students, for both HAV and HBV. We also tried to develop insights about outcome of nonvaccination among medical students.


Image inpainting is a technique of filling unknown image region with known information from the surrounding of the unknown region in such a way that the result is logically accepted. Image inpainting has become a standard tool in image and videoprocessing with many applications to image recovery. In this paper, a new method for noise reduction & removing a large objectsfrom digital images. Median filter is used to decrease the blurring problem. Proposed method designed for the recovery of smallscratches, and in instances in which larger objects are removed. Keywords-Noise removal, Median filtering, Image inpainting.


Magnetic measurements are presented for polycrystalline samples of californium trichloride in both a hexagonal (UCl/sub 3/ type; Cf(III) C.N. = 9) and orthorhombic (PuBr/sub 3/ type; Cf(III) C.N. = 8) crystal form. In the Curie-Weiss temperature region the Weiss constant, theta/sub p/, is significantly larger for the orthorhombic form. The susceptibility of the orthorhombic form deviates from Curie-Weiss behavior at a higher temperature than the hexagonal form indicating a larger crystal field splitting in the former. At temperatures below 15 K a field dependent transition is observed. In a field of 5 kG an antiferromagnetic maximum in the susceptibility is observed at 7 K and 13 K for the hexagonal and orthorhombic forms, respectively. For 30 kG both types exhibit monotonically increasing susceptibilities with lower temperature and the hexagonal form shows saturation behavior in the susceptibility versus temperature plots with a saturation moment of approx.7 ..mu../sub B//atom. 6 refs., 3 figs.


In accordance with waste gas pollution problem in slag discharging,some introductions are conducted on the selection foundation and principles for the scrubber,attentions should be paid in the design and the application effects in this coking plant.


The present paper develops a three sector Harris-Todaro (1970) type general equilibrium model of unemployment by incorporating endogenous skill formation. Two types of labour are considered: skilled labour and un-skilled labour. We examine the effects of the inflows of foreign capital on the level of unskilled unemployment and skilled-unskilled wage inequality. We find that an inflow of foreign capital raises the skilled- unskilled wage gap and lowers the level of unemployment of the unskilled labour.


We have investigated whether improvements in design have altered the outcome for patients undergoing endoprosthetic replacement of the distal femur following tumour resection. Survival of the implant and 'servicing' procedures have been documented using a prospective database and review of the implant design records and case records. A total of 335 patients underwent a distal femoral replacement with 162 having a fixed hinge design and 173 a rotating hinge with most of the latter group having a hydroxyapatite collar at the bone prosthesis junction. The median age of the patients was 24 years (range 13-82 yrs). With a minimum follow up of 5 years and a maximum of 30 years, 192 patients remain alive with a median follow-up of 11 years. The risk of revision for any reason was 17% at 5 years, 34% at 10 years and 58% at 20 years. One in ten patients developed an infection and 42% of these patients eventually required an amputation. Aseptic loosening was the most common reason for revision in the fixed hinge knees whilst infection and stem fracture were the most common reason in the rotating hinges. The risk of revision for aseptic loosening in the fixed hinges was 32% at ten years compared with nil for the rotating hinge knees with a hydroxyapatite collar. The overall risk of revision for any reason was halved by use of the rotating hinge, and for patients older than 40 years at time of implant. Conclusion Improvements in design of distal femoral replacements have significantly decreased the risk of revision surgery. Infection remains a serious problem for these patients.


Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has received considerable attention because of its high dielectric constant and because of its piezo- and pyro-electrie properties [1]. PVDF is also an interesting polymer from the morphological point of view and it has at least two stable crystalline forms, i.e. the α-form (non-polar TGTG molecular conformation) and the β-form (polar planar zig-zag conformation) [2].


A generalization of the tangential Nevanlinnna interpolation problem is studied from a behavioral point of view. Necessary and sufficient conditions for its solvability and a characterization of all its solutions are derived. These results are obtained by associating to the interpolation data a behavior that enjoys a special structure.


Purpose. This study identifies how women naturally progress through the Transtheoretical Model stages of condom use over a 1 year period, using the longitudinal dynamic methodology of latent transition analysis (LTA). Design. As part of a larger study of human immunodeficiency virus risk in women, participants were assessed for their stage of condom use two times, 1 year apart. Subjects. A total of 491 women who completed both assessments of the study were included in this analysis. Measures. Stage of condom use was assessed using two questions, which placed women into one of five stages of change for condom use (α = .90). Results. Latent transition analysis identified the best-fitting model of naturalistic stage progression, which included both forward and backward movement. Precontemplation and maintenance were found to be the most stable stages (more than 50% of the participants remaining in that stage 1 year later), and the action stage was the least stable (15 % remaining in this stage). Transition probabilities for all stages showed a high rate of relapse in the sample. Conclusions. A high proportion of women will remain within their stage of condom use over a 1-year period if no intervention is introduced. Interventions that are aimed at increasing condom use in women need to incorporate relapse prevention. In addition, the transition probabilities for the stages will help establish reasonable rates of change for intervention programs.


THROMBOEMBOLISM remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. When efforts to prevent the intravascular formation of thrombus have failed, the problem remains of preventing the passage of emboli from the peripheral veins to the right side of the heart and lungs. Several operations on the inferior vena cava have been used to accomplish this without significantly reducing venous return or raising the distal venous pressure. These operations include stapling 1 , suture filters, 2 plication with mattress sutures, 3 plication with a suture threaded with beads, 4 partial ligation, 5 application of a self-releasing spring clip, 6 a serrated clip, 7 a smooth clip, 8 and a clip, one arm of which is smooth, the other serrated. 9 All were designed to protect the patient from lethal emboli without producing the complications of inferior vena cava ligation, eg, embolization of thrombus formed proximal to the ligation site, dependent edema, pain,


Acute pancreatitis is a common serious disease, and considered to be inflammatory disturbance course. The early storm of proinflammatory cytokine releasing evokes systemic inflammatorome response syndrome (SIRS) ,and leads to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MOPS). At the late phase, because massive of antiin-flammatory cytokines initiate compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome ( CARS), the body immune func-tions suffer suppressed and result in infection or toxemia. So reestablishing baulance of SIRS/CARS has considera-ble clinical meaning to the AP patient morbidity. In this article, we will overview the relevant factors and mecha-nisms of the SIRS/CARS induced by AP.

Key words:
ante pancreatitics;  systemic inflammatory response syndrome;  compensatory anti-inflammatory re-spouse syndrome;  multiple organ dysfunction syndrome


135 Background: The use of trastuzumab in the adjuvant setting is associated with reduction in mortality and recurrence. Trastuzumab is extremely well tolerated, but its use is associated with congestive heart failure (CHF). The incidence of this complication in the general population remains largely unknown, especially in older patients. In this study we evaluated the rates and risk factors associated with trastuzumab-related CHF in a large cohort of older breast cancer patients.

METHODS
Breast cancer patients > 66 years with full Medicare coverage, diagnosed with stage I-III breast cancer between 2005-2007, and treated with chemotherapy were identified in the SEER-Medicare database. Chemotherapy and trastuzumab use, comorbidities and CHF were identified using ICD-9 and HCPCS codes. Analyses included descriptive statistics and Cox proportional hazard model using trastuzumab as a time-dependent variable and logistic regression.

RESULTS
From 3,983 patients included, 847 (21.7%) received trastuzumab. Median age of the entire cohort was 71 years old. Among trastuzumab users the rate of CHF was 28.6% compared to 18.1% in non-trastuzumab users (p<.0001). After adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics, comorbidities, and type of chemotherapy used, trastuzumab users were more likely to develop CHF than non-trastuzumab users (HR 1.74; 95% CI 1.47-2.06). Among trastuzumab users, older age did not further increase the risk, however history of coronary artery disease (OR 2.23; 95%CI 1.56-3.19), heart valve disease (OR 1.41; 95%CI 1.41-2.88) and emphysema -as a proxy for smoking- (OR 2.03; 95% CI 1.13-3.63) significantly increased the risk of CHF. There was a trend for increased risk of CHF associated with anthracycline use (OR 1.36; 95% CI 0.93-2.00).

CONCLUSIONS
In this large cohort of older breast cancer patients, the risk of CHF among trastuzumab users was 1.74 times higher than non-trastuzumab users, which is higher than what has been reported in younger clinical trial participants. Among older breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab, cardiac comorbidities, and emphysema may identify high-risk patients.


Thank you for downloading you and your health school home community. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their chosen readings like this you and your health school home community, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some malicious virus inside their laptop. you and your health school home community is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our books collection spans in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the you and your health school home community is universally compatible with any devices to read.


A process for the preparation of a shredder light fraction from the shredding of scrap and metal-containing waste, especially vehicle bodies, wherein the light fraction from shredding, the processes passes in the attack state of crushing, classification and Aero flow sorting, wherein said brittle, mineral components of the feed material, such as glass, ceramic, concrete, brick, sand, through a selective impact stress completely in the fine material and the means of impact stress largely unzerkleinerbaren components, such as plastic, rubber, metals, are applied in coarser size of property classes, and the coarse Klassierprodukte a 1st and a 2nd screening machine for recovering the metal content and organic components of a current sorting Aero be subjected to the fine material of the first screening machine to a downstream second screening machine is applied, the fine Klassierprodukte the 2nd screening machine for recovering the metal content and the mineral B estandteile Aero flocks are supplied to the heavy material to magnetic separation is subjected.


Objective To examine primary school and local authority characteristics associated with registration for The Daily Mile (TDM), an active mile initiative aimed at increasing physical activity in children. Design A cross-sectional linkage study using routinely collected data. Setting All state-funded primary schools in England from 2012 to 2018 (n=15,815). Results 3,502 of all 15,815 (22.1%) state-funded primary schools in England were registered to do TDM, ranging from 16% in the East Midlands region to 31% in Inner London. Primary schools registered for TDM had larger mean pupil numbers compared with schools that had not registered (300 vs 269, respectively). There was a higher proportion of TDM-registered schools in urban areas compared with non-urban areas. There was local authority variation in the likelihood of school registration (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.094). After adjusting for school and local authority characteristics, schools located in a major urban conurbation (OR 1.46 (95% CI 1.24 to 1.71) urban vs rural) and schools with a higher proportion of disadvantaged pupils had higher odds of being registered for TDM (OR 1.16 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.33)). Area-based physical activity and schools' educational attainment were not significantly associated with registration to TDM. Conclusion One in five primary schools in England has registered for TDM since 2012. TDM appears to be a wide-reaching school-based physical activity intervention that is reaching more disadvantaged primary school populations in urban areas where obesity prevalence is highest. TDM-registered schools include those with both high and low educational attainment and are in areas with high and low physical activity.


f Human Tumor Cell Lines Using Microculture Tetrazolium 75 Inventors: Michael D. Varney, Carlsbad; William Assay." Cancer Res., vol. 48 (1988), 589-601. H. Romines, San Diego; Cynthia L. Palmer, La Mesa, all of Calif. Cleland, "The Kinetics of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions with Two or More Substrates or Products." Biochem. Bio 73 Assignee: Agouron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., phys. Acta, vol. 67 (1963), 173–187. LaJolla, Calif. Casarrubio et al., "On the Syntheses of Thiophene Analogs of Practolol and 'Reversed Practolol, J. Heterocyclic 21 Appl. No.: 472,233 Chem., vol. 20 (Nov.-Dec. 1983), 1557–1560.


We propose confidence intervals fortheconditional coherenceusing thebootstrap. Theasymptotic distribution ofthe empirical conditional coherence isinaccurate whensignal and noise arenon-Gaussian and/or thedata size issmall. Theconfidence intervals obtained withthebootstrap areshowntobe accurate, maintaining thepreset level ofconfidence. IndexTerms-confidence intervals, conditional coherence, conditional spectra, thebootstrap, non-Gaussian signals.


BACKGROUND
Trauma care benefits from the use of imaging technologies. Trauma patients and trauma team members are exposed to radiation during the continuum of care. Knowledge of exposure amounts and effects are important for trauma team members.

METHODS
We performed a review of the published literature; keywords included "trauma," "patients," "trauma team members," "wounds," "injuries," "radiation," "exposure," "dose" and "computed tomography" (CT). We also reviewed the Board on Radiation Effects Research (BEIR VII) report, published in 2005 and 2006.

RESULTS
We found no randomized controlled trials or studies. Relevant studies demonstrated that CT accounts for the single largest radiation exposure in trauma patients. Exposure to 100 mSv could result in a solid organ cancer or leukemia in 1 of 100 people. Trauma team members do not exceed the acceptable occupation radiation exposure determined by the National Council of Radiation Protection and Management. Modern imaging technologies such as 16- and 64-slice CT scanners may decrease radiation exposure.

CONCLUSION
Multiple injured trauma patients receive a substantial dose of radiation. Radiation exposure is cumulative. The low individual risk of cancer becomes a greater public health issue when multiplied by a large number of examinations. Though CT scans are an invaluable resource and are becoming more easily accessible, they should not replace careful clinical examination and should be used only in appropriate patients.


This study presents numerical simulations of the maximum sensitivity to absolute rotation of a number of coupled resonator optical waveguide (CROW) gyroscopes consisting of a linear array of coupled ring resonators. It examines in particular the impact on the maximum sensitivity of the number of rings, of the relative spatial orientation of the rings (folded and unfolded), of various sequences of coupling ratios between the rings and various sequences of ring dimensions, and of the number of input/output waveguides (one or two) used to inject and collect the light. In all configurations the sensitivity is maximized by proper selection of the coupling ratio(s) and phase bias, and compared to the maximum sensitivity of a resonant waveguide optical gyroscope (RWOG) utilizing a single ring-resonator waveguide with the same radius and loss as each ring in the CROW. Simulations show that although some configurations are more sensitive than others, in spite of numerous claims to the contrary made in the literature, in all configurations the maximum sensitivity is independent of the number of rings, and does not exceed the maximum sensitivity of an RWOG. There are no sensitivity benefits to utilizing any of these linear CROWs for absolute rotation sensing. For equal total footprint, an RWOG is √N times more sensitive, and it is easier to fabricate and stabilize.


Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) remain an important cause of mortality and morbidity in Canada today. Approximately 70,000 myocardial infarctions occur in Canada annually and about 18,000 Canadians will die from ACS. Although ACS survival has increased substantially over the past 30 years, largely due to improved management strategies, there is need for further progress and consistent application of recommended treatments. ACS management has become more complex, with multiple therapeutic choices for the individual patient. Registries and surveys indicate there is room for improvement of management strategies in ACS care. In most urban areas of Canada, primary percutaneous intervention (PCI) has become the revascularization strategy for patients with STsegment elevation ACS. Yet in a large part of our vast country, an important number of patients live far from percutaneous intervention facilities, and fibrinolysis is successfully used. However, up to a third of eligible patients with ST-segment elevation ACS are not offered any reperfusion strategy. For the non-ST‐segment elevation ACS patient risk-directed strategies, especially for an early invasive management, provide the greatest benefit with minimized risk. Yet studies in several countries, including Canada, show there is risk paradox where the lower risk patient has the most aggressive management and a significant proportion of higher risk individuals do not appear to have the opportunity of evidence-based and guideline-recommended treatment. Today there are a number of antithrombotic and antiplatelet agents available for the management of the ACS patient. Individualizing these treatments to reduce recurrent ischemia, and minimize bleeding should be the goal of any risk-based treatment. Canadian researchers have, and continue to play a key role in many of the landmark ACS clinical trials. A large number of Canadian physicians are accustomed to new treatment modalities because they have participated as investigators in these trials. However, for many physicians the new treatments add complexity and they need guidance as to when and how the new agents should be applied. There have been no Canadian ACS guidelines for a number of years. In 2004, the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) ST-segment elevation ACSguidelinepublicationwasdevelopedincollaborationwith theCanadianCardiovascularSociety. 1 Subsequently,therewas a Canadian commentary on the update of these guidelines. 2 For the most recent ACC/AHA guidelines for non-ST‐segment elevation ACS, 3,4 there was a single Canadian member of the writing group (Pierre Theroux). Yet no perspective has been published to provide guidance to physicians working within the Canadian healthcare system. The present publication provides a Canadian commentary and practical application of the strategies recommended in current US and European guidelines. The present publication covers current management of the acute coronary syndrome spectrum. The first article discusses the non-ST‐segment elevation ACS, and the second the STsegment elevation ACS. They cover both the early (pre-hospital, emergency department, and hospital admission) as well as long-term management aimed at preventing recurrent events. These articles are not intended as guidelines, but as a practical application, in the Canadian context, of recommendations from guidelines that have been developed with appropriate process. They are addressed to all health care workers involved in the management of patients who have suffered an ACS.


The training of teachers-researchers is considered as the form of reproduction in scientific community of university of physical education. The qualities of the teacher's person are formed under conditions and factors which cause development of abilities.


In this paper we analyze the ophthalmic case of the illustrious physician Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalea, a very special patient for the community of Monterrey, Mexico. It relates the problems he suffered when cataracts invaded his eyes, almost simultaneously, at the age of 63. This disease was something good and something bad that situated him in therapeutic heaven and hell.


Osteoporosis is a recognized problem in adult women with Turner's syndrome, the aetiology of which is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine bone mineralization longitudinally in a group of girls with Turner's syndrome and to study the effect of different treatments on bone mineral density.


He was the emerging icon of Thakurbari yet he became the obscured shine of the family outshined not only by his living younger brother but also by his deceased wife. The paper further deals with the absence and presence of women of Thakurbari who influenced the changing pattern of gender roles within Thakurbari with special mention to Jnadanandini Devi.


Based on an ethnographic study in a Danish residential care center, this article shows how the interplay of a sensor-floor technology and currently influential values of person-centeredness, privacy, and security in care transforms care work and care interactions between residents and care workers. Based on an understanding of care as realized in a heterogeneous collective of human and nonhuman actors, this article illustrates how new modes of monitoring and interpreting residents' care needs at a distance arise, and how a new organization of work focusing on quick and responsive care is established. These new care practices lead to conflicts between the values of privacy and security, to ambivalent experiences among care workers of simultaneously increased security and insecurity in work, and, paradoxically, also often to a decentering rather than person-centering of care. Instead of accommodating simultaneous compliance to the values of privacy, security, and person-centeredness, the use of the sensor-floors makes the tensions between these values continuously and loudly present in daily care practices.


We fertilized small plots in the boreal forest of the southwestern Yukon, Canada, to see how herbivory was affected. We assessed snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) activity by counting pellets, and estimated grazing on grass as the proportion of blades eaten. After 2 years of fertilization, snowshoe hares spent more time on and near the test plots with more fertilizer. More grass was grazed on those plots but not near them. Thus, herbivores were attracted to the general area of the fertilized plots but only grazed directly on the plots.


22 23 We present titanium stable isotope measurements of terrestrial magmatic samples and 24 lunar mare basalts with the aims of constraining the composition of the lunar and 25 terrestrial mantles and evaluating the potential of Ti stable isotopes for understanding 26 magmatic processes. Relative to the OL-Ti isotope standard, the 49Ti values of 27 terrestrial samples vary from -0.05 to +0.55‰, whereas those of lunar mare basalts 28 vary from -0.01 to +0.03‰ (the precisions of the double spike Ti isotope measurements 29 are ca. ±0.02‰ at 95% confidence). The Ti stable isotope compositions of 30 differentiated terrestrial magmas define a well-defined positive correlation with SiO2 31 content, which appears to result from the fractional crystallisation of Ti-bearing oxides 32 with an inferred isotope fractionation factor of ∆49 �oxide-melt = − . ‰ × 6/ 2 . 33 Primitive terrestrial basalts show no resolvable Ti isotope variations and display similar 34 values to mantle-derived samples (peridotite and serpentinites), indicating that partial 35 melting does not fractionate Ti stable isotopes and that the Earth's mantle has a 36 homogeneous 49Ti composition of +0.005 ± 0.005 (95% c.i., n=30). Eclogites also 37 display similar Ti stable isotope compositions, suggesting that Ti is immobile during 38 dehydration of subducted oceanic lithosphere. Lunar basalts have variable 49Ti 39 values; low-Ti mare basalts have 49Ti values similar to that of the bulk silicate Earth 40 (BSE) while high-Ti lunar basalts display small enrichment in the heavy Ti isotopes. 41 This is best interpreted in terms of source heterogeneity resulting from Ti stable isotope 42 fractionation associated with ilmenite-melt equilibrium during the generation of the 43 mantle source of high-Ti lunar mare basalts. The similarity in 49Ti between terrestrial 44 samples and low-Ti lunar basalts provides strong evidence that the Earth and Moon 45 have identical stable Ti isotope compositions. 46


Objectives
The eighth edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual now stratifies the T descriptor for lung cancers by each increasing 1.0 cm increment, up to 5.0 cm, with an additional category for tumor greater than 7.0 cm. Bias in pathologic versus radiologic measurements may impact tumor staging.

Methods
The gross pathologic measurements of 493 resected lung adenocarcinomas were compared with presurgical computed tomography radiologic measurements. Also, pathologic tumor measurement data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program database were examined.

Results
The distribution of pathologic measurements showed clustering at 0.5-cm increments, with 43.0% of pathologic measurements falling on 0.5-cm increments compared to only 20.3% of radiologic measurements. This pathologic measurement clustering was also observed for both 591,691 resected lung cancers and 3,597,685 tumors of any type from the SEER database.

Conclusions
Compared to radiologic measurements, gross pathologic measurements cluster around whole- and half-cm values. This measurement bias could lead to incorrect pathologic tumor staging and influence clinical treatment plans.


The Pine Hollow aspen (Populus tremuloides) exclosures on the Ashley National Forest in eastern Utah were sampled in 1984, 19 years after they were established. The effects of 2,4-D, wildlife, and cattle on plant succession were evaluated. Two exclosures were used to protect the sprayed area from (1) all animal use and (2) only livestock use. A third sprayed area was left open for use by all animals. The aspen overstory was killed as a result of spraying, with sufficient reproduction occurring to restock the stand. However, animal use drastically altered the aspen reproduction, as well as the understory production. Total protection favored desirable understory species while the open area had fewer desirable species.


High-throughput whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is a revolutionary tool in public health microbiology and is gradually substituting classical typing methods in surveillance of infectious diseases. In combination with epidemiological methods, WGS is able to identify both sources and transmission-pathways during disease outbreak investigations. This review provides the current state of knowledge on the application of WGS in the epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni, the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the European Union. We describe how WGS has improved surveillance and outbreak detection of C. jejuni infections and how WGS has increased our understanding of the evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of this pathogen. However, the full implementation of this methodology in real-time is still hampered by a few hurdles. The limited insight into the genetic diversity of different lineages of C. jejuni impedes the validity of assumed genetic relationships. Furthermore, efforts are needed to reach a consensus on which analytic pipeline to use and how to define the strains cut-off value for epidemiological association while taking the needs and realities of public health microbiology in consideration. Even so, we claim that ample evidence is available to support the benefit of integrating WGS in the monitoring of C. jejuni infections and outbreak investigations. Abbreviations CC clonal complex cgMLST core-genome MLST DALY Disability-adjusted life year ECDC European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control EFSA European Food Safety Authority Epi-linked epidemiologically linked GWAS genome-wide association study MALDI-TOF Matrix Associated Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight MLST multilocus sequence typing NGS Next generation sequencing SNPs single nucleotide polymorphisms SNV single nucleotide variant ST Sequence type PFGE Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis wgMLST whole-genome MLST WGS Whole-genome sequencing


The article is an excerpt of an interview with David A. Christian, Senior Vice President-Nuclear and Chief Nuclear Officer, Dominion Generation conducted at NEI's Nuclear Energy Assembly in New Orleans, Louisiana on 13 May 2004. It highlights the company's energy diversity, and in particular, activities related to early-site permits and possible future plans for nuclear power plant development in the U.S. The interview touches on questions related to the Consortium (composed of Dominion, AECL Technologies, the U.S. subsidiary of AECL, Hatachi America and Bechtel Power Corp.) and the DOE financial support involved (approximately 50%) along with comments related to job impacts, energy security and climate change impacts, human resource issues (particularly about getting high school students interested in jobs related to the nuclear industry) and public policy. The interview ends with a discussion of investment interest and the state of standardization in the industry.


A fundamental goal of software engineering practice is to ensure that code quality is maintained throughout its lifetime. Measuring and maintaining the quality of test code should be as important as measuring production (in-the-field) code. However, test code often seems to be a second class citizen compared to production code in terms of its upkeep and general maintenance. Many of the code features we might expect in test code are either absent or, included when they should not be. In this paper, we investigate four releases of an industrial embedded multi-core system from four perspectives and compare results for test code with corresponding production code. The four perspectives we considered as indicators of code quality. Firstly, we looked at whether test and production code conformed to a set of in-house designated design rules. Secondly, we explored whether test code contained a reasonable proportion of comment to code lines ratio relative to production code. Thirdly, we examined test and production code and the number of assertions in that code. Finally we investigated the relationship between faults and code features. In terms of results, test code did not fare well when compared with production code. An interesting and startling result related to the use of assertions, they were used liberally in test and production code. However, their effect, if triggered, was much larger in production code.


In this work, we utilize the acoustic gradient metasurface (AGM) of a bilayer configuration to realize the controllable asymmetric transmission. Relying on the adjustable gap between the two composing layers, the metasurface could switch from symmetric transmission to asymmetric transmission at a certain gap value. The underlying mechanism is attributed to the interference between the forward diffracted waves scattered by the surface bound waves at two air-AGM interfaces, which is apparently influenced by the interlayer distance. We further utilize the hybrid acoustic elements to construct the desired gradient metasurface with a tunable gap and validate the controllable asymmetric transmission with full-wave simulations. Our work provides the solution for actively controlling the transmission property of an acoustic element, which shows potential application in acoustic communication as a dynamic tunable acoustic diode.


In 1961, nineteen-year-old African-American Wilbert Rideau was sentenced to death for the murder of Julia Ferguson, a white bank teller in Lake Charles, Louisiana, In a succession of trials, three all-white juries sentenced him to death. The sentence was commuted to life in 1972, after the US Supreme Court temporarily halted executions. In December 2000, the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that Rideau had 'established a prima facie case of racial discrimination in the process used to select the grand jury that indicted him'. It ordered his conviction be 'reversed' and the 1961 indictment 'quashed'. He remains in prison.


Much of the literature on fairness in classification considers the case of a single classifier used once, in isolation. However, fairness is not a property of isolated classifiers alone, it is also a property of classifiers composed into systems, and systems must handle repeated use and interaction with other fair (or unfair) systems. We initiate the study of composition of individually fair classifiers proposed in [Dwork, Hardt, Pitassi, Reingold, Zemel, 2011]. We find that fairness does not behave well under composition and propose directions to remedy the situation.


This paper summarises the main provisions of new requirements for financial reporting by tertiary institutions and a new EFTS based funding system. The new arrangements were published in January 1991 by the Ministry of Education. The paper indicates that financial reporting by the NZ universities, with one or two exceptions, has been poor and that the new requirements will improve accountability to stakeholders. Some weaknesses are identified in the area of timeliness, accessibility, asset valuations and the allocation of indirect costs.


Abstract. During the construction of Strasbourg Cathedral, men aspired to see it radiate eternally. However, like any monument, it experiences structural weakening due to the effects of time, but also to the many external aggressions that damage the materials. Regular interventions therefore make it possible to preserve this building over time. It is in this context of conservation that the cathedral lives to the rhythm of a major restoration campaign since 2014. The objective of this project was to carry out a modeling and a BIM model of the stair turret in the south-east corner of the main tower built entirely of sandstone. This work was part of the preparatory phase of the restoration work on the south-east stair turret of the high tower scheduled for 2024–2025. The objective was to carry out a diagnosis of the turret (35 m high, 168 steps) with the help of a 3D and BIM model. This study could be understood as the beginning of a more global work of 3D representation extendable to the entire monument. In addition, in the spirit of gathering information and building knowledge base, it could be interesting to develop a complete BIM model of the entire building later.


This article, based on a presentation to the Sl Annual Conference 2008, introduces basic concepts and terminology associated with the field of controlled vocabularies (CVs). General topics discussed are indexes versus CVs, an introduction to what CVs are and how they are used, the use of facets with controlled vocabularies, and CV governance and maintenance issues.


The invention discloses a plug bush structure and a socket and belongs to the field of low-voltage apparatus. The plug bush structure comprises two inserts oppositely arranged, wherein at least one spigot allowing a plug pin to be inserted in is formed between the two inserts, an elastic body driving the two inserts to be close to each other is arranged on the outer side of at least one insert, and each spigot is provided with at least one plane portion. Compared with a traditional plug bush structure, the plug bush structure has the advantages that surface contact between a plug bush and the plug pin is achieved, contact resistance is reduced, temperature rise under the long-time energizing situation is reduced, the service life of a product is prolonged, the structure is compact, the technique is simple, and manufacturing cost is low.


Until a few years ago, project work was thought of as a group of co-located activities involving several face-to-face interactions between group members. Meetings were dependent on having team members available at the same place and time. Technology and globalization now have revealed an environment in which teams can comminute and collaborate virtually, across boundaries of time, geography, and organizations. Project work has shifted from co-located activities to geographically distributed, virtually-achieved activities. Communication and collaboration are the two most important factors in team success. A geographically distributed team environment fundamentally transforms the ways in which teams operate. Crossing geographic boundaries also affects the way in which virtual teams communicate and collaborate. The differences in cultures and social backgrounds affect how different members interact with each other and with the project. Although we have the technological capabilities to work across time and distance, the fact is that we need new competencies and practices to do so. Leading and working in virtual teams requires much more than computers and technology. In fact, owning and being competent in the special practices that allow you to manage a virtual team is what determines your success. This thesis will provide a first step in providing tools, techniques, and decisionmaking strategies to help team leaders manage successful geographically distributed software development teams. Thesis Supervisor: Feniosky Peia-Mora Associate Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering


This paper analyzes the public hospitals meeting problems such as hospital staff performance salary allocation too equal,difficulty to balance economic and social benefits,and lack of performance salary management when implementing performance pay reform from the perspective of the implementation conditions of public hospital performance related pay reform in Jiangsu Province. Then the paper makes suggestions accordingly based on the above issues in order to provide policy reference for public hospital performance related pay reform in Jiangsu Province.


Function model is the kernel processing object of the conceptual design.First,a function-model format language(FFL) is proposed based on the analysis of function tree and extenics function model.The reatures of FFL are summarized and the definition and grammar are given.Second,an algorithm of conversion from extenics function model to function tree is put forward.Lastly,an example testifies the important role of FFL in promoting the connections among function models.


After nearly four decades of rural–urban mobility in China, most rural-to-urban migrants are still in a disadvantaged position. Nevertheless, an increasing number of them have started to pursue permanent settlements in urban destinations. Despite many quantitative studies concerning their settlement outcomes, little is known about the strategies employed and processes undergone by families in realising their settlement plans. The permanent settlement of migrants usually requires the commitment of their extended intergenerational families. We investigate how changing and persistent family norms feature in decisions over settlement plans made by nuclear families of the younger generation of rural-to-urban migrant workers in a Chinese megacity. Building on face-to-face interviews in Nanjing, we found reflections of individualism among the younger generation, such as a greater desire for personal fulfilment, stronger voices of wives in couples and the decline in filial obligation. The older generation also revealed certain aspects of individualism. They expressed rising concerns for their well-being and chose to accept the loss of authority in the plans to support adult children to settle down. Under a child-centred logic, parental sacrifice has been persistent among younger and older generations. Thus, difficulties encountered during urban settlement have transferred from the younger generation to their parents through parental sacrifice embedded in Chinese Confucian ideology. The exclusive urban housing and education systems, combined with the lack of care systems for children and the elderly, mediate these family norms.


Herein, we investigate the charge transport and structural dynamics in the supercooled and glassy state of protic ionic material with an efficient interionic Grotthuss mechanism. We found that supe...


The method allows to fix the complex of organs in small animals with preservation of topography followed by complex morphological analysis.


time curve showing a long tailing. There are few intersections of flow lines between these two flow parts. The main flow part flows through the void without contacting the solid walls directly. Moreover, this transition flow region is found to have covered a flow rate range wider than that expected from the fluid flow in pipe. 3 Turbulent region It is observed that the total space in each void is full of eddies in this region. There is no distinction between the main and side flow parts. Only fine turbulent lines are seen. Critical flow rates were measured for the above three regions with five different dmln beds. The


A watershed model (Hydrological Simulation Program— FORTRAN) was developed, calibrated, and tested by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, San Antonio River Authority, San Antonio Water System, and Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority, to simulate streamflow and estimate ground-water recharge in the upper Cibolo Creek watershed in south-central Texas. Rainfall, evapotranspiration, and streamflow data were collected during 1992–2004 for model calibrations and simulations. Estimates of average ground-water recharge during 1992–2004 from simulation were 79,800 acre-feet (5.47 inches) per year or about 15 percent of rainfall. Most of the recharge (about 74 percent) occurred as infiltration of streamflow in Cibolo Creek. The remaining recharge occurred as diffuse infiltration of rainfall through the soil and rock layers and karst features. Most recharge (about 77 percent) occurred in the Trinity aquifer outcrop. The remaining 23 percent occurred in the downstream part of the watershed that includes the Edwards aquifer recharge zone (outcrop). Streamflow and recharge in the study area are greatly influenced by large storms. Storms during June 1997, October 1998, and July 2002 accounted for about 11 percent of study-area rainfall, 61 percent of streamflow, and 16 percent of the total ground-water recharge during 1992–2004. Annual streamflow and recharge also were highly variable. During 1999, a dry year with about 16 inches of rain and no measurable runoff at the watershed outlet, recharge in the watershed amounted to only 0.99 inch compared with 13.43 inches during 1992, a relatively wet year with about 54 inches of rainfall. Simulation of flood-control/rechargeenhancement structures showed that certain structures might reduce flood peaks and increase recharge. Simulation of individual structures on tributaries showed relatively little effect. Larger structures on the main stem of Cibolo Creek were more effective than structures on tributaries, both in terms of floodpeak reduction and recharge enhancement. One simulated scenario that incorporated two main-stem structures resulted in a 37-percent reduction of peak flow at the watershed outlet and increases in stream-channel recharge of 6.6 percent in the Trinity aquifer outcrop and 12.6 percent in the Edwards aquifer (recharge zone) outcrop. Introduction The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Fort Worth District, began a study in 2002 to address opportunities for ecosystem restoration (in part, through aquifer recharge), flood-damage reduction, and watershed management through Best Management Practices (BMP) in the upper Cibolo Creek watershed (study area) in south-central Texas (fig. 1). Phase 1 of the study (the first of three phases) consists of establishing and documenting the existing hydrologic, engineering, economic, and environmental conditions for the study area (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2001). As part of phase 1, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the USACE, San Antonio River Authority (SARA), San Antonio Water System (SAWS), and Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority (GBRA), developed, calibrated, and tested a watershed model of the study area using the Hydrological Simulation Program—FORTRAN (HSPF) to simulate existing hydrologic conditions. Phase 2 of the study involves evaluation of possible alternatives to address ecosystem restoration, flooddamage reduction, and watershed management opportunities. As part of phase 2, the USGS used the HSPF model developed in phase 1 to evaluate the effects of flood-control/rechargeenhancement structures on streamflow and aquifer recharge in the watershed. Phase 3 of the study is a detailed engineering analysis by the project cooperators of possible alternatives evaluated in phase 2. Part of the study area is in the Edwards aquifer recharge zone (outcrop) (fig. 2). The Edwards aquifer is one of the most productive carbonate aquifers in the Nation and is the major source of public water supply in south-central Texas. In addition, the Edwards aquifer supplies large quantities Simulation of Streamflow and Estimation of Ground-Water Recharge in the Upper Cibolo Creek Watershed, South-Central Texas, 1992–2004 By Darwin J. Ockerman


Feasibility studies of various architectural projects lead to an analysis of planar configurations possessing a maximal number of adjacent-relations. This work extends current understanding of the properties of such configurations and describes a method for their creation. In practice, only those figures which meet the preconditions and expectations (with respect to adjacency-relations) are useful. In conclusion, a way of constructing these configurations is shown and the maximal number of different forms is established.


We have used an rf SQUID voltmeter to measure the potential difference between the quasiparticles and pairs in the current-carrying superconductors tin and lead over the temperature range 1. 3K to 4.2K. The results have been compared with the theory by Tinkham which indicates that this potential difference results from a quasiparticle excitation spectrum branch imbalance or quasiparticle current in the superconductors. This branch imbalance relaxes in a characteristic time L Q • Our measurements for tin confirm the theoretical volume and injection voltage dependences of the nonequilibrium potential V. The temperature dependence of LQ is seen to be in fair agreement with the theory near TC and in excellent agreement at low temperatures. The magnitude of LQ near TC of 1 x 1010 ~~~~ sec is in good agreeX -10 6(0) , ment with the theoretical estimate of 2 10 6(T) sec and in -10 6(0) , fair agreement with the results of Clarke of 3 x 10 6(T) sec. At low temperatures the data lie below the theory by an amount which is * consisten,t with Tinkham's estimate of Q /Q 0.7 for the branch imbalance parameters. Our measurements for lead confirm the volume and injection voltage dependences of the nonequilibrium potential. The


The invention discloses a master data storage method based on a primary copy storage pattern. The master data storage method is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) dividing master data into core master data and non-core master data, (2) storing the core master data into a master data management system database, setting up a core master data copy, and storing the core master data copy into a service system database, (3) storing the non-core master data into the service system database, setting up a non-core master data copy, and storing the non-core master data copy into the master data management system database. By the adoption of the method, operation and maintenance risks caused by external factors of a system can be reduced, and the reliability and the stability of service function can be improved.


Introduction According to Millen et al. (2009), corn silage is among the main sources of fiber used in finishing of beef cattle in feedlot in Brazil, justifying the Lactobacillus buchneri application because the aerobic deterioration. However, there are few studies that evaluate the lactic acid bacteria application on carcass traits of young bulls. Lower roughage: concentrate ratios is important to reduce slaughter time of animals, because the use diets with more concentrate increase the average daily gain and modified protein and fat deposition in carcass (Missio et al., 2010). The aim of this trial was to evaluate L. buchneri inoculation in corn silage and their effect on the carcass traits of Nellore young bulls fed in feedlot with two concentrate levels in the diet.


In this paper, we describe a method to calculate prediction intervals for neurofuzzy networks used as predictive systems. The method also allows defining prediction intervals for the fuzzy rules that constitute the rule base of the neuro-fuzzy network, resulting in a more readable knowledge base. Moreover, the method does not depend on a specific architecture and can be applied to a variety of neuro-fuzzy models. An illustrative example is reported to show the validity of the proposed approach.


In this paper, we perform a further investigation for the generalized Laguerre polynomials. By applying the generating function methods and Padé approximation techniques, we establish some new identities for the generalized Laguerre polynomials, and give some illustrative special cases as well as immediate consequences of the main results. c ©2016 All rights reserved.


As this chapter will discuss, the discovery of imatinib has revolutionized the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). It is a classic example of drug development based on the identification of a common molecular target involved in a signaling pathway. It was the first medication that inhibited a particular molecular target in the cell to treat a cancer type instead of as in earlier chemotherapy drugs that nonspecifically target rapid dividing cells. However, it is not considered curative. Furthermore, issues with imatinib resistance have emerged, which has led to the development of more targeted therapies to overcome resistance.

Keywords:

chronic myeloid leukemia (CML);
imatinib;
dasatinib;
nilotininb;
third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors


STUDENTS WISHING to join the league of successful business leaders will find the Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business (OYA GSB) at Universiti Utara Malaysia a stimulating and rigorous environment in which to pursue their aspirations.


In this paper, we utilize the method of Heintze-Karcher to prove a"best"version of Heintze-Karcher-type inequality for capillary hypersurfaces in the half-space or in a wedge. One of new crucial ingredients in the proof is modified parallel hypersurfaces which are very natural to be used to study capillary hypersurfaces. A more technical part is a subtle analysis along the edge of a wedge. As an application, we classify completely embedded capillary constant mean curvature hypersurfaces that hit the edge in a wedge, which is a subtler case.


BACKGROUND
 Junior doctors report higher levels of psychological distress than more senior doctors and report several barriers to seeking professional mental health support, including concerns about confidentiality and career progression. Mobile health applications (mHealth apps) may be utilised to help overcome these barriers to assist the emotional wellbeing of this population and encourage help-seeking.

 OBJECTIVE
 We describe the development and pilot trial of the Shift mHealth app to provide an unobtrusive avenue for junior doctors to seek information about, and help for, wellbeing and mental health concerns that is sensitive to workplace settings.

 METHODS
 A 4-phase iterative development process was undertaken to create the content and features of Shift involving junior doctors, using principles of user-centered design. These four phases were: I) Needs assessment, based on interviews with 12 junior doctors; II) Prototype development with user experience feedback from two junior doctors; III) Evaluation, consisting of a pilot trial with 22 junior doctors to assess usability and acceptability of the initial prototype; and IV) Redesign, including user experience workshops with 51 junior doctors.

 RESULTS
 Qualitative results informed the content and design of Shift to ensure the app was tailored to junior doctors' needs. The Shift app prototype contained cognitive-behavioural, mindfulness, value-based actions, and psychoeducational modules, as well as a tracking function visualising patterns of daily variations in mood and health behaviours. Pilot testing revealed possible issues with the organisation of the app content, which were addressed in a thorough restructuring and redesign of Shift with the help of junior doctors across three user experience workshops.

 CONCLUSIONS
 The current research demonstrates the importance of ongoing end-user involvement in the creation of a specialised mHealth app for a unique working population experiencing profession-specific stressors and barriers to help-seeking. The development and pilot trial of this novel Shift mHealth app are first steps in addressing the mental health and support-seeking needs of junior doctors, although further research is required to validate its effectiveness and appropriateness on a larger scale.


Background: Although there have been many studies on isokinetic shoulder exercises in evaluation and rehabilitation programs, the cardiovascular and metabolic responses of those modes of muscle strength exercises have been poorly investigated. Objective: To analyze cardiovascular and metabolic responses during a standardized test used to study the internal (IR) and external (ER) rotators maximal isokinetic strength. Methods: Four days after an incremental exercise test on cycle ergometer, ten healthy subjects performed an isokinetic shoulder strength evaluation with cardiovascular (Heart rate, HR) and metabolic gas exchange (VO 2 ) analysis. The IR and ER isokinetic strength, measured in seated position with 45° of shoulder abduction in scapular plane, was evaluated concentrically at 60, 120 and 240°/s and eccentrically at 60°/s, for both shoulder sides. An endurance test with 30 repetitions at 240°/s was performed at the end of each shoulder side testing. Results: There was a significant increase of mean HR with isokinetic exercise (P < 0.05). Increases of HR was 42-71 % over the resting values. During endurance testing, increases of HR was 77-105% over the resting values, and corresponded to 85-86% of the maximal HR during incremental test. Increase of V0 2 during isokinetic exercises was from 6-11 ml/min/kg to 20-43 ml/min/kg. Conclusion: This study performed significant cardiovascular and metabolic responses to isokinetic exercise of rotators shoulder muscles. A warm-up should be performed before maximal high-intensity isokinetic shoulder testing. Our results indicated that observation and supervision are important during testing and/or training sessions, especially in subjects with risk for cardiovascular disorders.


Implementation of new telecommunications services has always been associated with the need to ensure network efficiency required to implement these services. Network efficiency can be described by a number of parameters such as: network bandwidth, propagation time, quality, reliability and fault tolerance. More and better performance, and thus network efficiency is achieved mainly by using more and more advanced technical and technological solutions. There were milestones solutions such as the use of coaxial transmission cables, optical fibers, and various techniques of multiplication like TDM or WDM (Newton, 1996). Significant impact on the way to deliver services had wireless transmission, which has found widespread use in communication networks since the end of last century.


Abstract Halogens and other volatiles are widely recycled into the deep mantle by subduction and are key components to metasomatize the sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM). Lamprophyres are well known to be rich in volatiles and are important for understanding the halogen characteristics of the metasomatized SCLM and/or the mobilization of halogens during the ascent of such volatile-rich, low-degree partial melts. The North China Craton (NCC) hosts lamprophyre dikes coeval with extensive thinning of the eastern NCC in the Mesozoic and generated from lithosphere metasomatized by multiple-stage subduction components. Here we report bulk-rock heavy halogens (Cl, Br, and I) of 16 lamprophyres from the eastern NCC. The bulk-rock halogen concentrations are overall very low (Cl = 58–170 μg/g, Br = 285–559 ng/g, and I <5 ng/g), comparable with depleted Mid-Ocean ridge basalts (N-MORBs). Volatile-rich minerals (e.g., amphibole and biotite) are abundant (20–30 vol%) in these lamprophyres, however, electron probe microanalyses (EPMA) data indicate that amphiboles are mainly rich in OH and F but display very low Cl concentrations (0.01–0.04 wt%). The bulk rock and amphibole data consistently indicate low abundances of heavy halogens in the lamprophyres, which is dificult to reconcile with the remarkable enrichment of fluid-mobile large ion lithophile elements such as Ba, Rb, and K. Based on low Cl/Nb and Br/Nb but high Ba/Nb and K/Nb ratios, the low halogen concentrations likely resulted from extensive volatile loss (>90%) during melt ascent. The low Cl concentrations in early-stage amphiboles (Mg# 60–64) further indicate that such loss would have occurred before amphibole crystallization at a depth of ~15 km. We thus propose that crystallization of early olivines and pyroxenes and reaction with surrounding mantle rocks likely induced volatile saturation and exsolution, leading to strong partitioning of the halogens into the exsolved aqueous volatile phases and thus the extensive loss of halogens from the rising melt. These results reveal that significant volatile loss of halogens not only occurs during surficial low-pressure eruption but also at much deeper levels in the crust, as also identified for some kimberlites. Consequently, it would be dificult to constrain the primitive halogen components of the mantle sources via lamprophyres or similar magmas.


BACKGROUND:Regulatory T cells (Tregs) represent a major force for immune control and the prevention of excessive or self-directed responses. While Treg deficit or dysfunction can result in autoimmune disease, the abundance of these cells in the cancer setting can hinder effective anti-tumor immune responses. Despite their importance as cellular immune regulators at rest and across a range of disease states, the factors and mechanisms responsible for maintaining these cells and bolstering their critical suppressive function are incompletely understood. METHODS/RESULTS:Here, we report that an unexpected factor, the gpi-anchored, neuron-associated molecule known as neuritin is highly expressed by Treg cells. Up-regulated upon Treg-activation, expression of this molecule was found to support the maintenance and function of the Treg pool by driving the expansion and function of Treg cells and supporting their expression of Foxp3. On the other hand, genetic deficiency or antibody-mediated blockade of neuritin similarly stunted the division of Tregs in vitro while over-expression of the molecule enhanced the Treg pool. In vivo, neuritin ablation resulted in deficient Treg function, poor retention of Foxp3 expression, and enhanced disease severity in both adoptive transfer- and chemically-induced mouse models of colitis. Additionally, tumor-enforced immune tolerance and the growth of implanted cancer cell lines are strongly impeded in the absence of neuritin. CONCLUSIONS:In all these findings characterize neuritin as a Treg derived factor important for their role in promoting immune tolerance. They also suggest a novel therapeutic opportunity to modulate the size and phenotypic resilience of the Treg pool through neuritin modulation.


The author determines the spectral shaping between two adjacent pulsed continuous-wave (CW) waveforms to obtain specified attenuation of leakage of one pulsed CW frequency into the adjacent pulsed CW frequency. He also determines, whether the transmitted or received or both transmitted and received waveforms are to be multiplied by windows.<<ETX>>


The present economic model is intended to provide an example of how to take into consideration risks and uncertainties in the case of a field that is developed with water injection. The risks and uncertainties are related, on one hand to field operations (drilling time, delays due to drilling problems, rig failures and materials supply, electric submersible pump [ESP] installations failures with the consequences of losing the well), and on the other hand, the second set of uncertainties are related to costs (operational expenditures-OPEX and capital expenditures-CAPEX, daily drilling rig costs), prices (oil, gas, separation, and water injection preparation), production profiles, and discount factor. All the calculations are probabilistic. The authors are intending to provide a comprehensive solution for assessing the business performance of an oil field development.


Philippine Higher Education: Drift or Thrust into the Twenty-First Century? The Historical Perspective: Government, Economics, and Education Broadening Access to Quality Higher Education Program Quality Issues in Higher Education The Public Role of Universities in National Development Community Outreach Faculty Development, Interdisciplinarity, and Accreditation Educational Leadership Budgetary and Governance Issues A National Academic System: Toward 2001 Bibliography Index


The development of a metrological protocol in order to enhance traceability in speciation analysis of selenium is presented. The measurement procedure is applied for the determination of selenomethionine and total selenium in two nutritional supplements, in particular certified reference material to validate the method. Extraction protocols are tested for their capability to leach out total selenium and selenomethionine from the samples. Speciation analysis is realised with the use of HPLC-ICP-MS. Isotope dilution is employed to determine the analytes contents. An uncertainty budget is elaborated with the method recommended by the Guide to the expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM).


Cultural crystallize in race in conduct and actions in myth,its the ethos that contain and culture personality certanly will would the deep deep engrave the athletics in each race culture top.pass to the worth a view of the shape,"heavy virtuous still with" of the Chinese myth "person's totally","the nature and man unites as one" of the analysis of the nature view characteristics, reasonably the released the Chinese traditional athletics exsits to imitate the born nature,morals,the doctrine of the mean with the reason of the characteristic of the whole.


The problem of nonlocality in the dynamical three-body Casimir–Polder interaction between an initially excited and two ground-state atoms is considered. It is shown that the nonlocal spatial correlations of the field emitted by the excited atom during the initial part of its spontaneous decay may become manifest in the three-body interaction. The observability of this new phenomenon is discussed.


The paper presents the continuation of the author's research on Evolutionary Sets of Safe Ship Trajectories (ESoSST) methodology. In an earlier paper (Szlapczynski, 2011) the author described the foundations of this methodology, which used Evolutionary Algorithms (EA) to search for an optimal set of safe trajectories for all the ships involved in an encounter. The methodology was originally designed for open waters or restricted waters when only the standard Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGS, 1972) rules apply. However, within Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS), where additionally Rule 10 of COLREGS applies, the problem is much more complex and a new solution is needed. This paper introduces the extended ESoSST methodology, with a focus on changes that have to be made to obey Rule 10 and fully support TSS. These changes include detecting and penalizing TSS violations, as well as the pre-processing phase (generating the initial population, which includes predefined TSS-compliant tracks). The methodology has been designed for possible application in Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) centres. Its new mechanisms are presented with details. The examples are included of the results of the computer simulation tests carried out for the Gulf of Gdansk TSS to illustrate the methodology's effectiveness and functional scope.


The constructivist model of 'soft' value management (VM) is contrasted with the VM discourse appropriated by cost consultants who operate from within UK quantity surveying (QS) practices. The enactment of VM by cost consultants is shaped by the institutional context within which they operate and is not necessarily representative of VM practice per se. Opportunities to perform VM during the formative stages of design are further constrained by the positivistic rhetoric that such practitioners use to conceptualize and promote their services. The complex interplay between VM theory and practice is highlighted and analysed from a non‐deterministic perspective. Codified models of 'best practice' are seen to be socially constructed and legitimized through human interaction in the context of interorganizational networks. Published methodologies are seen to inform practice in only a loose and indirect manner, with extensive scope for localized improvization. New insights into the relationship between VM theory and practice are derived from the dramaturgical metaphor. The social reality of VM is seen to be constituted through scripts and performances, both of which are continuously contested across organizational arenas. It is concluded that VM defies universal definition and is conceptualized and enacted differently across different localized contexts.


In this paper we investigate collaborative learning that takes place in a city with the support of mobile and wireless technology. Based on a literature review, we identify and discuss four main roles that technology can play in supporting (1) performance of shared tasks, (2) social networking, (3) active participation, and (4) visibility of learning. We claim that the full potential of new technology emerges by supporting learning that comes from exploration, interaction, and serendipity. Realizing this potential raises a number of technical challenges that are still largely unexplored. In particular, we claim that there is a need to move from applications design to a service-oriented infrastructure that eases the development and adaptation of applications for multiple and interleaved learning experiences. Services that are common across different learning scenarios and can be used as building blocks need to be identified. The aforementioned roles are the first step towards this direction.


HPLC method for determination of benzoylphenyl ureas(Ⅲ)in insecticides was developed.Chromatography was carried out on a hypersil-ODS_2(4.6mm×250mm,5μm)column at 254nm with acetonitrile-water-N,N-dimethylformamide(60∶40∶0.1,V/V/V,1.0mL/min)as mobile phase.The main component was extracted with acetonitrile.The average recoveries of benzoylphenyl ureas(Ⅲ) were 96%—104% with RSD≤3.5%.The method was applied to the determination of 25% water-insecticide samples with satisfactory results.


Magnetic reconnection is widely believed to play an important role in magnetospheric substorms and solar flares as a fast conversion process of the magnetic energy to plasma kinetic energy. However, it has been difficult to describe its large-scale dynamics by using kinetic simulations due to limited computer resources. The main unresolved issues in the reconnection processes include the onset mechanism, the reconnection rate in the steady state, and the energy transport mechanism. The difficulty in approaching such issues lies in the fact that macro-scale structures can be strongly affected by localized micro-scale processes, in which the kinetic treatment of plasma is required. In order to overcome this difficulty, we first develop a new 2-1/2 dimensional electromagnetic particle code that employs adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) technique and a particle splitting algorithm. The AMR technique subdivides and removes cells dynamically in accordance with a refinement criterion and enhances the spacial resolution locally. On the other hand, the particle splitting algorithm divides finite-size superparticles locating in fine cells, controling the number of particles per cell in order to suppress numerical noise arising when the number of particles per cell gets too small. We perform some test simulations and compare three runs without the AMR, with the AMR, and with both the AMR and the particle splitting. These results indicate not only that the AMR and particle splitting algorithms are successfully applied to the conventional particle codes, but also that they are quite effective to achieve high-resolution simulations on the evolution of the current sheet associated with magnetic reconnection. Thus the new code allows us to implement a large-scale kinetic simulation of magnetic reconnection. One of our goals by conducting large-scale simulations is to investigate a long time evolution of the diffusion region and to see what supports fast reconnection in a fully kinetic system. Our results show that fast reconnection is quickly achieved through the Hall effects but the system does not reach steady state and the reconnection rate decreases significantly. The key process responsible for slowing the reconnection processes is the extension of the electron diffusion region in association with the enhancement of the polarization electric field directing toward the neutral sheet in the electron inflow region. The polarization electric field is caused by the inertia difference between ions and electrons, and enhanced by the meandering motions of the background ions. The inflow electrons are forced by the polarization field to move toward the out-of-plane direction by the E ×B drift and enhances the out-of-plane current density in the electron inflow region. Since the current density is imposed uniformly along the upstream edge of the


This paper is devoted to the local and global well-posedness, self-similarity and symmetries of solutions for the time-fractional partial differential equations with superlinear and gradient nonlinear term \begin{align}\label{key-res} \begin{cases} \partial^{\alpha}_{t}u = \Delta_x u +\kappa_1\vert \nabla_x u\vert^{q} + \kappa_2\vert u\vert^{\rho-1}u,\; \kappa_1\neq 0,\, \kappa_2\in\mathbb{R} ,\\ u(0,x)=\varphi(x) \text{ and } \partial_tu(0,x)=\psi(x), \end{cases} \end{align} when $1< \alpha<2$. For local well-posedness, the initial data $\varphi$ and $\psi$ are taken in Morrey and Sobolev-Morrey type spaces, namely, $(\varphi,\psi)\in \mathcal{M}_{p,\mu}\times\mathcal{M}_{p,\mu}^{s-\frac{2}{\alpha}}$. Also, we consider the initial data in the homogeneous spaces $(\varphi,\psi)\in D(\alpha,\beta)\times \widetilde{D}(\alpha,\beta)$ and we obtain global existence of solutions, even if $\alpha=1$ and $\psi=0$. Unlike the case $\alpha=1$ (where $\psi=0$), further restrictions are obtained, in view of the Mikhlin estimates for two-parametric Mittag-Leffler function. Our theorems seems to be new for $1\leq \alpha<2$, and the initial data is larger than the previous works.


Liberia's long and gruesome civil war (1989–2003, with a brief interruption in the late 1990s) certainly does not fall into the category of the African continent's 'forgotten conflicts'. Popularly ...


BACKGROUND
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer among Iranian women. This study was designed to estimate the burden of breast cancer in Tehran, the capital of Iran.

METHODS
In this retrospective study, the existing data of Tehran Population Based Cancer Registry (TCR) from 1998 to 2001 were used; all Tehranian women with breast cancer were followed for computing the survival and remission rates. The World Health Organization's Practical Guide of National Burden of Disease Studies was employed for performing the study. The data for breast cancer were analyzed with DISMOD II software and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) were computed using Excel based software.

RESULTS
The mean age of the patients was 51.3+/-12.5, 31.4% being under 40 years old. The incidence rate of breast cancer was estimated to be 17.09 (95 %CI: 15.67-18.50) per 100,000 women. The five year survival rate was 75 %. The DALY for breast cancer was 4,252 years (95 %CI: 3896-4604).

CONCLUSION
Breast cancer is a high burden in the community. More than 36% of the tumors occur in women under 40 years old. Comprehensive national cancer control programs including promotion of awareness, early detection, treatment and palliative cares are vitally important for decreasing the burden of breast cancer in Iran. This strategy should be strongly recommended to policy makers and special programs should be considered for women under 40 years old.


The fields of drug and gene delivery have been revolutionized by the discovery and characterization of polymer-based materials. Polymeric nanomaterials have emerged as a strategy for targeted delivery because of features such as their impressive biocompatibility and improved availability. Use of naturally derived polymers in these nanomaterials is advantageous due to their biodegradability and bioresorption. Natural biopolymer-based particles composed of silk fibroins and other silk fiber-inspired proteins have been the focus of research in drug delivery systems due to their simple synthesis, tunable characteristics, and ability to respond to stimuli. Several silk and silk-inspired polymers contain a high proportion of reactive side groups, allowing for functionalization and addition of targeting moieties. In this review, we discuss the main classes of silk and silk-inspired polymers that are being used in the creation of nanomaterials. We also focus on the fabrication techniques used in generating a tunable design space of silk-based polymeric nanomaterials and detail how that translates into use for drug delivery to several distinct microenvironments.


Combined with Shenhai thermodynamic network running situation of Huitian thermoelectricity stock limited company in Shenyang,the direct buried thermodynamic pipeline leakage situation at fixing pier position was analyzed,and was discussed from design,construction,maintenance,the method to resolve direct buried thermodynamic pipeline leakage was proposed,therefore guaranteed city normal heat supply need.


The phenomenon of high-speed cutting is different from ordinary cutting.The experimental study show the difference between the high-speed milling cutting and the ordinary milling cutting,when cutting speed is in scope of 180~314m/min,and milling depth no more than 0.5mm,the feed speed's change in a wide range has little effect on quality of milling cutting,but the cutting speed and cutting depth have large effect on quality of milling cutting,the values of surface roughness will reduces when cutting speed increases,the values of surface roughness will increase when cutting depth increases.


A bifurcation analysis of nonlinear dynamics for electric power system with tap changer is presented in this paper. Based on a model of electric power system proposed by Dobson and Chiang (1988) with one extra tap changer added parallel to the local nonlinear power load, the saddle-node bifurcation and Hopf bifurcations are observed by treating the real power, reactive power and tap changer as system parameters. The occurrences of subcritical Hopf bifurcation and saddle-node bifurcation lead to the appearance of dynamic and static voltage collapses, respectively. These phenomena may generate the progressive decrease in voltage magnitude in electric power system.