Problems of mind and body arise at two levels. On the one hand, there are general issues concerning the relations between a subject's mental states and his possession of a body, including in particular their relations to his observable behaviour. On the other hand, there are questions concerning the relations between a subject's mental states and certain internal states of his organism (in particular, states of the central nervous system) which might in a developed psychophysical science be correlated with the mental states – the term 'correlated' here being not intended to beg any questions. This second range of problems, which we might call problems at the micro-level, particularly concern how such a correlation may most illuminatingly and economically be characterised; and the most notable recent contribution to this area has been the group of views often called the 'identity theory' or 'central state materialism'. It is not, however, with this range of problems that I shall for the most part be concerned in this paper, but rather with the first range of problems, problems at the macro-level. But it is worth noticing in passing one very important area of overlap between the two ranges: if the occurrence of a mental state (e.g., a sensation) is cited as the explanation of a piece of observable behaviour, the question arises of how such an explanation is related to an explanation in terms of physical mechanisms, and this, at the inner end, constitutes a problem at the micro-level.


Preface Introduction Indeterminacy of Progression Indeterminacy of Members of Chords Chords in Serial Music Destructive Aspects of Indeterminacy References Index


Particle accelerators must achieve certain beam quality objectives for use in different experiments. Usually, optimizing certain beam objectives comes at the expense of others. Additionally, there are many input parameters and a limited number of diagnostics. Therefore, accelerator tuning becomes a multi-objective optimization problem with a limited number of observations. Multi-objective Bayesian optimization was recently proposed as an efficient method to find the Pareto front for an online accelerator tuning problem with reduced number of observations. In order to experimentally test the multi-objective Bayesian optimization method, a novel accelerator diagnostic is being designed to measure multiple beam quality metrics of an electron beam at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator Facility. Here, we present a design consisting in a pepper-pot mask, a dipole magnet and a scintillation screen, which allows a simultaneous measurement of the electron beam energy spread and vertical emittance. Additionally, a surrogate model for the vertical emittance was constructed with only 60 observations and without prior knowledge of the objective function nor diagnostics constraints.


Time-sensitive networking (TSN) is widely used in industrial environments to support low-latency deterministic communications. Innovation to bring time-sensitive networking to wireless networks is getting traction. Besides enabling real-time and deterministic communications, Wireless Time-Sensitive Networks (W- TSN) should provide flexibility and easy deploy-ment, key characteristic requirements for industrial networks. Nevertheless, current research in this field focuses on adapting wired TSN features to the wireless world, namely accurate time synchronization and traffic scheduling, essential processes for wireless end devices such as automated and impact-less association procedure are not considered until now. This work proposes a W - TSN impactless association procedure that provides time synchronization and traffic scheduling for prospect W - TSN clients during the association phase by utilization of beacons. As such, prospect clients can perform association procedure in a controlled fashion avoiding collisions with other, already-associated, W - TSN clients. The presented procedure is designed, implemented, and tested in a real-world scenario on top of a wireless Software Defined Radio (SDR) platform with the IEEE802.11 standard. The results show high accuracy synchro-nization on client frame transmissions even with challenging scheduling timeslots of 128 μs.


The lasing properties of organic compounds in a polymethylmethacrylate matrix pumped by a copper vapor laser are studied. The results demonstrate that the transverse pumping scheme of solid-state laser-active media with the cop- per vapor laser is promising compared to the longitudinal pump- ing scheme from the viewpoint of the lifetime parameters.


The Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) has been demonstrated to have high internal consistency in the form of split-half reliability. Demonstration of stability in the form of test-retest reliability has been absent. Test-retest reliability for the EDI was obtained with a sample of 70 university undergraduates. Test-retest reliability was also obtained with a restricted group drawn from the original sample who were considered to be at risk on the basis of their EDI scores. The interval between test administrations was 3 weeks. With both samples, test-retest reliability of the total EDI score was exceptionally high. Test-retest reliability for the eight subscales was, with one exception, within the usual range of acceptability.


According to RCS/ASGBI guidance all surgeons should regularly attend Morbidity and Mortality meetings (M&Ms), as they are a key activity for reviewing the performance the team and ensuring quality of care. We aimed to review General and Vascular Surgery M&Ms at our site – are they in keeping with guidelines and can improvements be made?

 A retrospective review of General and Vascular Surgery M&Ms was performed. Presentations were assessed against 12 key performance indicators (KPIs) as recommended by RCS/ASGBI. Following audit Cycle 1, a standardized M&M presentation proforma and an M&M outcome form were introduced, with subsequent second and third audit cycles completed.

 In comparison to Cycle 1, overall improvements were seen in 9/12 KPIs in both General and Vascular Surgery M&Ms. 100% compliance was demonstrated in both General and Vascular Surgery M&Ms in 7 KPIs. Improvements can still be made in the completion of Clavien-Dindo scoring, NCEPOD classification, as well as M&M outcome forms. Literature review discussions were not included in any General Surgery M&Ms in either cycle and in only 14% of Vascular Surgery cases.

 Significant improvement in RCS/ASGBI compliance was demonstrated with the introduction of an M&M presentation proforma. Emphasis and encouragement should still be placed on the importance of literature reviews to promote learning, although we appreciate time limitations can have an impact on this. By improving the quality of M&Ms, surgical teams can learn lessons, inspire change and drive improvements.


SYNOPSIS- 28.0 m high zoned Rarem dam in Indonesia was instrumented with hydraulic piezometers., electrical Carlson type piezometers Cassagrande tyoe vertical stand pipe piezometers, inclinometers, and surface settlement points. The analysis of observational data has indicated that settlement took place almost simultaneously with construction of dam and reservoir filling. Very low construction pore pressures were observed and phreatic line developed almost simultaneously with reservoir filllng. The results of efficiency of grout curtain based on electrical analogy model studies are also discussed in the paper.


In this and the next two lectures, we will study the complexity of some data structure problems. Our goal is to use communication complexity to prove lower bounds on the complexity of these problems. However, in this lecture we will just give upper bounds. We will describe the cell probe model, introduce two problems in this model, and describe algorithms for these problems. The first problem is the Dictionary Problem (static), and the second is the Predecessor Problem. In subsequent lectures we will see lower bounds on the complexities of these problems.


CS2 laser with optical pumping has been offered for obtaining powerful T-rays. As a pumping source CO2 laser oscillating on the hot band (wavelength 11.4 mum) has been used. Calculations have shown that at the optimal conditions the output 0.1 J at the peak power 1 MW can be obtained. The spectral tuning (2-3 THz) over the ro-vibrational lines is possible.


In a survey of the Riodinidae (Lepidoptera) of a small forest fragment near Villavicencio, Colombia, 23 of the 115 species recorded were found to be new records for the region. A new regional list of 317 species was also compiled.


A front structure of a vehicle, wherein a front corner member (16) extending along the side edge of a windshield glass (13) and the leading edge of a side glass (14d) is installed between the side edge of the windshield glass (13) and the leading edge of the side glass (14d). The front structure is characterized in that the width B of the front corner member (16) when a driver sitting on the operator's seat of the vehicle views the front cover member is 40 to 58 mm. Thus, visibility from the operator's seat forward of the front corner member can be increased without almost increasing the number of parts and man-hour for production of the front corner member while holding the rigidity of the front corner member.


The government of Japan announced the five‐year economic plan in 1988 to reduce long working hours. This was a unique attempt by a government to initiate such a movement and encourage people to have more free time. The true reason for this movement is that as an exporting powerhouse, Japan has been under heavy fire from European and American trade partners criticizing the Japanese people for being 'workaholics' who do not know how to enjoy life. The government and business leadership have been trying to shift from an export‐driven to a domestic‐demand‐led economy, emphasizing a more leisurely lifestyle and the emergence of a mature consumer society that befits Japan's economic gains to date (Foreign Press Center, 1990, p. 5). The development of a 'resort law' encouraging the development of holiday and leisure resorts is an example of such government effort. As a result, the demand for leisure‐related activities in Japan achieved exponential growth in various areas such as fitness clubs, resorts, theme par...


AbstractIt is shown that the dynamical properties of dislocations alone cannot usually explain the magnitude of the yield drop and the gtain-size-dependence of the Luders strain found experimentally for mild steels. On the basis of a great deal of experimental evidence a Petch–Hall term which decreases with increasing dislocation density is proposed. Explicit expressions of the lower yield stress and the Luders strain, containing the relevant dislocation-dynamical, structural, and experin1ental parameters, are presented.


Some proposals for the development of the synthetic fuels industry assume that government subsidies for as much as $100 billion over the next decade are necessary. The proposals are said to be justified by the need to liberate the US from the prices being imposed by OPEC. The authors agree about the need, but disagree about the cost assumptions. They believe that synfuels can be brought in at prices that are competitive with OPEC's - that they are significantly lower than those set by the oil producers at their June meeting in Geneva. The authors set out to prove their belief that synfuels can be marketed at around $15 per B.O.E. (barrel of oil equivalent). But help will be needed from the government and a new way of thinking about synfuel financing. They use hypothetical examples to discuss the financing, but in reality, they say, many different kinds of fuels will be needed - low- , medium- , and high-Btu gases; heavy and light boiler fuels; distillate, naphtha; gasoline; and alcohol; as well as petrochemicals. The authors believe that a reasonably mature synfuel industry can be established in 10 to 12 years. (MCW)


Ions densities and mobilities in post-dielectric barrier discharge (post-DBD) are presented here. To extract ions from DBD and perform post-discharge measurements the best functioning conditions are low overpressure, high frequency (⩾25 kHz, to avoid electrocollection) and low flow rate (1 lpm, to reduce dilution). Besides, ions densities in post-discharge increase with electrode temperature and, at low flow rates, with the number of discharge filaments by time and surface unit (controlled by voltage at fixed frequency). In both cases, the reinforcement of dielectric material surface polarization reduces the local electrocollection of ions inside DBD or increases the production of ions by subcritical avalanches outside filaments. Concerning mobility measurements, it is shown that for low saturation, vapours emitted from post-DBD polymer tubes only affect positive ions mobility due to selective ion-induced nucleation on positive ions. When metal post-DBD tubes are used, positive ions keep the same range of electric mobility at any temperature while there is a drop in negative ions mobility around 100 °C, probably related to a chemical transition between O3 and NOx.


Acridine, the parent nucleus of atabrine, is much more toxic than its 4,5-dimethyl derivative. The 4,5-dimethyl derivative of atabrine was therefore synthesized in the hope of producing a better-tolerated drug. The analogue was considerably more toxic than atabrine.


Default base saturation flow rates in the current Highway Capacity Manual (HCM 2010) are compared to the values collected for cities in North Carolina. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine the significance of the variation in the data collected in Raleigh and Charlotte with the HCM default values. The analysis suggests that a different default value should be considered for evaluating intersections in metropolitan areas.


The role of the humic acid in the process of mineralization of sandstone-type uranium deposits is influenced by some factors like pH value,temperature and ionic strength.Because some structural units of humic acid and fulvic acid are similar to aromatic organic acid of small molecular weight,in order to study the influence of humic acid in the process of mineralization of sandstone-type uranium deposits,some uranium complexes is obtained the existing state of uranium in humic acid is testified by using aromatic organic acid to replace humic acid.


Sundays are for slowing down, meet up with some friends, and enjoy the day. What better then listening to some live music, enjoy some tastey treats of the BBQ and relax in a great environment. Not much we would say. Just add a Cascade cold one to the picture and it is pretty perfect. So come down from and listen to the Rugcutters Quartett from 1pm to 4pm.


The Unique Opportunity to Learn. THE A, B & C OF EFFECTIVE PRINT ADVERTISING. How Great Print Advertisements Get That Way. The A: An Appealing Propositional Benefit. The B: Quick, Easy Recognition of the Propositional Benefit. The C: The Propositional Benefit Made Fully Clear. EXECUTING THE A, B & C OF EFFECTIVE PRINT ADVERTISING. Layout: So Elementary But So Surprisingly Misunderstood. The Laid-On Benefit: When the Propositional Benefit Needs Help. How to Write Headlines. How to Condense. Typography: The Voice of Print. FROM EFFECTIVE TO GREAT. The Creative Flow Chart and the Two Approaches to Greatness. 25 Creative Tactics for Great Print Advertisements Starting with Routine Propositions. Sampling of Great Print Advertisements and What Made Them Great. Appendix. Index.


The wastewater generated in urban areas is one of the main sources of water pollution, particularly in regions characterized with large population density and high urbanization degree. In this paper, we present an optimization model for regional wastewater systems planning. The model is aimed at helping to determine the best possible configuration (layout of sewer networks, location of treatment plants, etc.) for the wastewater system of a region taking economic, environmental, and technical criteria explicitly into account. It can be used separately, or as a building block of a broad decision-support tool designed to cover all (or most of) the issues involved in the implementation of an Integrated Water Resources Management approach. The model is solved through a simulated annealing algorithm. The type of results that can be obtained through the application of the model is illustrated for three case studies.


Tree, The Regency of Tana Toraja and North Toraja, are two regencies in the Province of South Sulawesi where even though both are not the center of rice crop development, but in both regencies we can find many cultivated local rice genotypes. This study aims to determine the relationship between local rice genotypes found in the two regencies based on panicle and grain characteristics and the correlation between these characters. The characters observed are panicle length, grains number per panicle, panicle density, awn length, grain length, grain width, grain thickness, grain length to width ratio and 100 seeds weight. Results showed that 49 local rice genotypes were found (27 local rice genotypes from Tana Toraja regency and 22 local rice genotypes from North Toraja regency) with various rice colors, i.e. from white to purple. These local rice genotypes can be grouped into three groups with a similarity rate of 67.56%, namely group I consists of 41 local rice genotypes, group II consists of 3 local rice genotypes (all local rice genotypes from Tana Toraja regency) and group III consists of 5 local rice genotypes and these characters can be grouped into two groups with a similarity rate 48.71%, namely group I consists of two characters (panicle length and grains number per panicle) and groups II consists of 7 characters (panicle density, awn length, grain length, grain width, grain thickness, grain length to width ratio and 100 seeds weight). There was a very significant positive correlation between the characters, namely panicle length and grains number per panicle, panicle length and panicle density, panicle length and awn length, grains number per panicle and panicle density, awn length and grain width, grain length and grain length to width ratio, grain length and 100 seeds weight, grain thickness and 100 seeds weight and grain length to width ratio and 100 seeds weight, with the correlation coefficient values 0.630**, 0.406**, 0.470**, 0.960**, 0.428**, 0.821**, 0.609**, 0.591** and 0.365**, respectively and there was also a very significant negative correlation between the characters, namely awn length and grain length to width ratio and grain width and grain length to width ratio, with the correlation coefficient values -0.401 ** and -0.770 **.


The fireworks algorithm (FA) is a new parallel diffuse optimization algorithm to simulate the fireworks explosion phenomenon, which realizes the balance between global exploration and local searching by means of adjusting the explosion mode of fireworks bombs. By introducing the grouping strategy of the shuffled frog leaping algorithm (SFLA), an improved FA-SFLA hybrid algorithm is put forward, which can effectively make the FA jump out of the local optimum and accelerate the global search ability. The simulation results show that the hybrid algorithm greatly improves the accuracy and convergence velocity for solving the function optimization problems.


We conceptualize technological innovation as a continuous process where innovators are constantly attempting breakthrough technologies and products. We identify relative discontinuities as periods ...


M/Semi-insulating (SI) GaAs/M diodes with novel Mg-based metallization are investigated using current-voltage measurement, α-particle and photon detection. An anomalous decrease of the reverse current and peculiar photon spectra has been observed with such contact explainable by a strong electron accumulation due to the creation of a quasi-degenerate region at the Mg/SI-GaAs interface.


Background : Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is primarily diagnosed histologically using tissue biopsy. Free light chain (FLC) assay and serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) have both been studied as tools to screen and monitor PTLD. However, limited data are available to compare these two assays in a well characterized patient population. It is also not clear what reference ranges should be adopted for the FLC assay in a post-transplant population. Method : Blood samples from 169 patients receiving a variety of solid organ transplants were analyzed for FLCs and screened for gammopathies by SPE/IFE. Results : Compared with non-PTLD patients, PTLD patients had higher mean, median and upper 95 percentile range of both κ and λ FLCs (p ranging from 0.0002 to 0.024). The mean, median and 95 percentile range of κ:λ ratio were similar between the two groups. PTLD patients were more likely to have polyclonal or monoclonal FLC elevations (p = 0.04). They also showed a higher frequency of gammopathy abnormalities (p = 0.0052). Nonetheless, neither FLC assay nor SPE demonstrated a clear association with the timing of PTLD diagnosis. FLC concentrations in non-PTLD recipients were higher than those in the general healthy population (95 percentile range: κ, 0.60-8.33 mg/dL vs. 0.33-1.94 mg/dL; λ, 0.77-7.08 mg/dL vs. 0.571-2.63 mg/dL) but the κ:λ ratio was similar to that of the healthy group (0.26-1.65). Conclusions : Our results suggested that elevated FLC concentrations and gammopathy abnormalities were both associated with PTLD. Therefore, FLC assay and SPE should be used conjunctively for screening PTLD among solid organ transplant recipients. For this application, the data showed that a higher upper limit of κ and λ FLC levels and normal κ:λ ratio should be used as diagnostic reference ranges. Additionally, neither method was clearly associated with the timing of PTLD diagnosis, indicating that they may be unsuitable for monitoring PTLD in the post-transplant population. a Positive values indicate time points before PTLD diagnosis, while negative values indicate time points after PTLD diagnosis. b Numbers in bold format indicates values above ULN. c SPE/IFE results not available due to insufficient sample volume. Disclosures Kuhn: The Binding Site, Inc: Employment.


Amazon has provided a cloud-based developer console to write and deploy custom skills that can integrate with Alexa Voice Service device SDK running on the host hardware. When this deployed custom skill is invoked using a specific voice request, the host hardware performs the requested task and sends back its response. Currently, developers have implemented AI algorithms as a part of their custom skills on existing Alexa devices which focuses on voice-based applications and not the real-time image or video-based applications since current Alexa devices are not camera enabled. Hence there is a need to design an advanced camera-enabled Alexa smart speaker platform and provide it to the open-source community to facilitate implementing image/video based AI algorithms as a part of their custom skills. This article describes the design and development of a state-of-the-art camera-enabled, Linux-based modern Alexa smart speaker prototype. A microphone array with on-chip advanced DSP is interfaced with the prototype to provide speech algorithms processed voice data to Alexa Voice Service for achieving a seamless, full-duplex user-Alexa interaction. Finally, the main Deep Learning & Computer Vision-based object detection custom skill is realized and tested on the developed prototype.


Just what role does play have in children's development? Is it a waste of time and energy, merely a way to stave off boredom, or is it invaluable preparation for adult life?


A highly sensitive method for the determination of free fatty acids (FFAs) using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection has been developed. Twenty-six FFAs (C5–C30) were derivatized by a novel pre-column derivatization reagent 2-(11H-benzo[a]carbazol-11-yl)-ethyl-4-methyl- benzenesulphonate (BCETS). Derivatives were sufficiently stable to be efficiently analyzed by HPLC. All fatty acid derivatives were separated on a hypersil BDS-C8 column in conjunction with a gradient elution with a good baseline resolution. The identification was carried out by post-column online mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) in positive-ion detection mode. The established method exhibited good selectivity and excellent repeatability. The RSD (n = 6) for each fatty acid derivative was <2.8%, and detection limit (at signal-to-noise of 3:1) was 15–64 fmol. The method was used to quantify FFAs in Cortex Lycii sample with satisfactory results.


Improving the qualities of public security service is the essential need for the public security work which suit the development of the latest situation.It's not only an urgent requirement for the Party.government and people masses,but also a specific requirement to carry out " The Sixth Delegation Congress" spirits and to practice "Three Delegation ".Be sure to improve its efficiency and service qualities of public security service all-sidely.Be sure to mile service really for improving the qualities of public security service.We must realize the change from the management function to the service function in our thoughts,the change from you ask for me to we serve you heart and soul in our work attitude and the change from fulfilling work to the best service in our work requirement.We should focus on improving our police's politics qualities,professional ability and service images.


Critical collapse phenomena in Newtonian gravity will be investigated. The gravitational field will be modelled using a massive complex scalar field, and in the Newtonian limit the equations of motion reduce to a coupled system of Schrödinger-Poisson equations. Critical collapse will be looked for numerically in a 1-parameter family of initial data, and if found will lead to investigations of self-similarity of solutions. The equations of motion will be approximated using a Crank-Nicholson finite-differencing scheme and numerical simulations will be run using ADI and multigrid methods. If self-similarity is found there will be a need to implement some form of mesh refinement to follow the evolution over a wide range of length-time scales.


Schistosomiasis mansoni is a parasitic disease caused by Schistosoma mansoni. Its ectopic form most severe and disabling is the Schistosomal Myeloradiculopathy (SMR), characterized by reaching the central nervous system. Currently, the use of Virtual Reality for the treatment of neurological sequelae has been developing gradually. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of Virtual Reality (VR) on neuromotor functions of a SMR carrier. The study it was carried out with a female subject, 30 years old, diagnosed with SRM and no preview experience with the Nintendo Wii ® or similar. The assessment procedure adopted aimed to describe and analyze the impairment caused by disorders of the MRE. Intervention program included a physical therapy program playing with the Nintendo Wii ® and Wii Balance Board ® platform (20 sessions lasting 1 hour and a frequency of three times per week). Subject was assessed before and after the intervention program. The results showed that the VR was an effective tool in neuromotor rehabilitation of SRM.


Bronchial stenosis can be recognized by correct interpretation of the findings on physical examination, fluoroscopy, x-ray film, and bronchoscopy. The physical signs of bronchial obstruction are important because they may lead to early diagnosis as in bronchogenic carcinoma; or may modify therapeutic procedures as in pulmonary tuberculosis. A bronchus may be obstructed in one of three ways: (1) intnabronchially, as a result of impaction with endogenous or exogenous bodies; (2) endobronchially, as a result of intrinsic disease of the channel; and (3) extrabronchially, as a result of pressure or actual invasion of the lumen by pathologic processes in neighboring organs. Thus, it may be seen that almost every conceivable disease of the chest-pulmonary, medlastinal, cardiac, vascular, esophageal and vertebral-may cause an obstruction to a bronchus. Table I will illustrate some of the many factors that may produce one of the three main groups of bronchial obstruction. It is the purpose of this article to point out the method of diagnosis of the usual single factor of stenosis, and to deal not with the wide-spread obstructive factors that occur with definite clinical pictures such as laryngeobronchitis, asthmatic bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, and bronchiolitis, but with such conditions as bronchogenic neoplasm, foreign body and benign neoplasm. In other words, the conditions that set up a single spot of narrowing of the bronchus. Also this article restricts itself to cases with a partial occlusion, where a narrowing occurs rather than total occlusion of the lumen. The physiology of the respiratory system requires an open air


The quadrupole interaction of 111Cd nuclei in a single crystal of hexagonal thallium has been investigated for different geometries and sample temperatures employing the perturbed 3'-7 angular correlation technique. The observed variation of the electric field gradient with temperature is attributed to local modes of thermal vibrations of the Cd impurities. An analytical relationship has been derived from lattice-dynamical models, expressing the temperature dependence in terms of impurity-host mass ratios and local force-constants.


Aminophylline (an inhibitor of animal phosphodiesterases) interferes with a pleiotypic program in embryos and seedlings of Haplopappus gracilis, inducing a specific and reversible block of the cell cycle in G1 and G2, partial depression of RNA and protein synthesis and inhibition of the uptake of nucleosides and leucine. The analogy between these effects and those evoked in animal cells by various treatments leading to a rise in cAMP level is discussed.


Cardiac Surgery through a Partial Sternotomy for Combined Valvular Disease in a Patient with Tracheostoma Hiroki Sunadoi, Masato Fusegawa, Kenichiro Suno, Ryota Murase, Takashi Sugiki and Yutaka Makino(Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Oji General Hospital, Tomakomai, Japan) A median full-sternotomy should be avoided in patients with tracheostoma because of the risk of sternal infection and mediastinitis. Recently, there have been some reports on cardiac surgery through a partial sternotomy for combined valvular disease. We present a case in which aortic valve replacement and mitral valve replacement and tricuspid valve annuloplasty were successfully performed through a reverse L shape partial sternotomy. This approach minimizes an incision and secures a distance between the incision and tracheostoma. Jpn. J. Cardiovasc. Surg. 50 : 387-390(2021)


In a previous study, we established that leptin acts on chemosensitive intestinal vagal mechanoreceptors and that its excitatory effects are blocked by the endogenous interleukin‐1β receptor antagonist (Il‐1ra). To determine how interleukin‐1β (Il‐1β) is involved in the action of leptin, we studied the effects of this drug on the single vagal afferent activities of intestinal mechanoreceptors in anaesthetized cats. For this purpose, the activity of 34 intestinal vagal mechanoreceptors was recorded via glass microelectrodes implanted in the nodose ganglion. Il‐1β (1 μg) administered into the artery irrigating the upper part of the intestine activated both the 16 leptin‐activated units (type 1 units; P < 0.01) and the 12 leptin‐inhibited units (type 2 units; P < 0.001), but had no effect on the six leptin‐insensitive units. Cholecystokinin (CCK, 10 μg) induced an activatory response only in the two types of Il‐1β‐sensitive units. When Il‐1β was administered after CCK, its excitatory effects on type 1 units were enhanced, whereas the excitatory effects on type 2 units were abolished. Pre‐treatment with Il‐1ra (250 μg) blocked all the effects of Il‐1β and the excitatory effects of leptin on type 1 units, whereas it enhanced the inhibitory effects of leptin on type 2 units. It can therefore be concluded that (i) leptin acts on intestinal vagal mechanoreceptors via Il‐1β in the case of the type 1 units and independently of Il‐1β in the case of the type 2 units, and (ii) type 1 and type 2 units belong to two different populations of vagal afferents that transmit different information about ingestion or inflammation to the CNS, depending on the chemical environment.


Patient wait times to see primary care physicians were found to be slightly shorter on average in a survey of 52 specialties, according to an online physician directory and review. How long do your patients wait?


When future cash flows and the lives of capital projects are known, the optimal solution is usually one of choosing the project that maximizes net present value of future returns on the project. In many situations, however, the information needed for cost-benefit analysis is not known with certainty. Recent cost-benefit models have tried to introduce some realism by assuming future cash flows are unknown but are subject to known probability laws. However, not much has been done on relaxing the assumption of known project life. This paper proposes a framework to include the assumption of uncertain project life and future cash flows in cost-benefit decision making. The method follows from some known techniques from the actuarial literature that to a large extent is underappreciated in cost-benefit analysis.


Radiography remains the mainstay for imaging long bone fractures, partly because it is readily available but also because it generally provides all the information required by a clinician to manage a fracture appropriately. This chapter concerns itself with the radiographic features of long bone fractures, their healing and the complications thereof, with sections on alternative imaging techniques and abnormal image findings.


Objective Minimally invasive surgical knife of self-curing treatment of chronic cervicitis.Methods Select from May 2005 to May 2008 between the hospital minimally invasive surgical treatment of self-curing knife 307 cases of chronic cervicitis.Results 100% cure rate.Conclusion Self-curing minimally invasive surgical treatment of chronic cervicitis knife to cure high,simple,worthy.


This study investigates about two of branches of bound morphemes which focused on derivational and inflectional affixes. The data of the study are on texts of quotes of @TheGoodQuote's posts on Instagram. Two aims of this study are first is to find out the most frequently found kinds of derivational and inflectional affixes in @TheGoodQuote posts on Instagram and second is to elaborate the processes and to find out intended meanings of derivational and inflectional affixes in @TheGoodQuote posts on Instagram. The descriptive content analysis is the method applied in this study. The researcher uses the classification of derivational affixes by using Fromkin, et al (2014)'s theory about derivation which change grammatical classes which included noun derivation, verb derivation, adjective derivation, and adverb derivation. In addition, the theory from Lieber (2009) about derivation without changing grammatical classes are also involved in this study which consist of negative affixes, quantitative affixes, noun to noun, and prepositional and relation affixes. While, eight inflectional affixes theory used is according to Fromkin, et al (2014). The findings of the study reveal that from 137 words which consist of derivational and inflectional affixes. 62 words indicate derivations which change the grammatical classes which involve 31 for noun derivations which affixes produced are –ation, -ion, -age, -ence, -er, -or, -ment, -th, -ness, -ity, -ty, -dom, 12 for adjective derivations which affixes produced are –ous, -able, -ful, -y, -ish, -ive, -al, -less, 14 for adverb derivations which only found affix produced is –ly, and 5 for verb derivations which affixes produced are en-, em-, -ize. Furthermore, 23 words indicate derivations without changing grammatical classes which involve 10 for negative which affixes produced are un-, dis-, im-., 6 for noun to noun which affixes produced are -ship and –hood, 3 for preposition and relation which affixes produced are over-, out-, and 4 for quantitative which affixes produced is re-. While, 52 words indicate eight kinds of inflectional affixes by the most frequently found is -s plural (22 words), -s third person singular (6 words), -er comparative (6 words), –ing for present progressive (6 words), 4 for –est superlative (4 words), –en past participle (3 words), –ed past tense (2 words), –'s possessive (3 words). The intended meanings are about the derivational and inflectional affixes words that related to the quotations that are analyzed.


The utility model relates to a multi -functional intervention of medical oncology treatment needle, its aim at provide a convenient to use, can avoid cross infection, can accurately judge piercing part position and the multi -functional intervention of medical oncology treatment needle who clears up or dose the piercing part position, the treatment needle includes needle body and handle, but the outside cover of needle body is equipped with telescopic tube, the needle body afterbody with but the telescopic tube afterbody is connected through connecting portion the handle, be equipped with micro motor and power in the connecting portion, the outside is equipped with the knob, micro motor supplies with but the flexible power of telescopic tube and by the knob -operated control, but the telescopic tube head is equipped with a cavity, be equipped with LED lamp pearl in the cavity, the power be used for for micro motor with the power supply of LED lamp pearl.


We consider a generalization of the grouped sequence.We drive the general term formula and sum of the first n terms for the sequence,also we give some applications.


As the environment pollution is getting seriously, a toxicity measurement method is necessary. This paper discuss the behavior of the paramecium affected by the organophosphorous insecticide malathion. Microorganism's behavior is often used to evaluate the environment toxic condition. Especially the measured data of bio-sensor, this kind of data needs explicit analysis chemical. This research measured the behavior of the paramecium to evaluate the malathion in environment. In this system, we added the function of data transmission. A LabVIEW based program can be used to record the data sent by this system. We have combined a microscope and a computerized video tracking system to measure the behavioral changes of the paramecium when exposed to malathion, then the paramecium's locomotor behavior will be increased.


fellow who wears the shoe always knows". We learn little about Whitman's specific illnesses during this time, but we can presume there was little therapy other than general advice, recognizing Whitman's attitude and Osler's famous therapeutic nihilism. We are indebted to Professor Leon for bringing to us the previously unpublished draft graduation talk which Osler was preparing about his relationship with Whitman, written just before Osler died. He also brings to us previously unpublished marginal notes in his presentation copy of Whitman's Leaves ofgrass, and Osler's correspondence with an unusual group of English gay radical socialists who called themselves the Bolton College, and who regarded Whitman as their spiritual leader. Although the Whitman-Osler relationship has been known to Oslerians, this is the first extensive documentation of the five years they knew each other. The new information is helpful and interesting, particularly as it gives us a different view of the famous bedside manner of Osler, viewed from wise, ageing eyes that saw him as brilliant but annoyingly cheerful, over-confident and perhaps somewhat brash. All of this would have been adequate for a journal article had not Professor Leon expanded his canvas to a patchwork of all those people who in some way related to them both. The result includes Richard M Bucke; the Philadelphia neurologist S Weir Mitchell and his son; Edith Wharton; artists Thomas Eakins and John Singer Sargent; literati Edmund Gosse, the Brownings, Swinbume, and the Rossettis; and the interesting group of Bolton College. There were some unsatisfying things about the book, but historians are limited by the amount of material available and Professor Leon has searched widely for information on the relationship. The format he uses is sometimes repetitive and he writes as though he is uncertain of his audience. He begins as if he is writing for those who know neither Whitman nor Osler, but the portrait of each is faint and inadequate. Oslerians will be more satisfied by the picture of Whitman, who really seems to interest Leon, than Whitman admirers will be by what they learn of Osler. I think it unlikely that anyone would read the book and not wish to know more about a third character lurking in the background, the psychiatrist, mystic and "Whitmaniac" Richard Bucke. Those so inclined will find it in S E D Shortt's Victorian lunacy: RichardM Bucke and the practice of late nineteenth-century psychiatry (New York, 1986), or in the more recent biography by Peter A Rechnitzer, R M Bucke: journey to cosmic consciousness, (Toronto, 1994). Over the years, Osler grew in his admiration of Whitman but he never quite understood his poetry. At his first reading of Leaves ofgrass, Osler understood little of the poems. Later he commented on their greatness, but did so by constantly quoting what Bucke thought of Whitman's poetry and his place among the great prophets. Therein probably rests the difficulty between the doctor and patient. Osler brought his medical skills and brilliance to the bedside, but Whitman wanted someone like Bucke, who had a sensitivity and an understanding about him as a person and what he was. Osler is often quoted as saying one should try to understand the patient who has the disease rather than the disease the patient has. In this instance one has the feeling that Osler struggled but did not fully understand the person, at least as Whitman wished to be understood. Despite the patchwork approach, this book adds important information to the scholarship of two important personages of the Victorian era.


Prior to considering crack-face bridging, the stress/strain-field ahead of the crack tip in the compact tension (CT) geometry is numerically assessed by means of finite element method (FEM). The stress field along the crack line which has a decreasing profile of tensile stresses from the crack tip converts to monotonically increasing compressive stresses toward the back face of the CT specimen via a rotational center. Based on these stress-field analyses, a novel crack-face bridging model for fiber-reinforced brittle matrix composites is presented. The application of the model to the experimental result of a 2D-C/C composite enables one to estimate the crack-face fiber bridging stresses and their distribution profile.


Staff burnout sometimes hits your best employees when you need them the most. Here's how to get burned-out staff excited about their jobs again.


Microgels, intramolecularly crosslinked macromolecules with sizes of less than 100 nm, were originally manufactured via an emulsion polymerization process involving the use of novel amphiphilic oligomers containing the zwitterion moiety as emulsifiers. Application of microgels as additives to coatings has been studied here. Newtonian flow of an original coating composition was altered to pseudoplastic flow by the addition of microgels. The mechanism of this fluidity alteration was discussed in terms of electron microscopic observation of the coating composition.


The paper introduces the principle of buildings' seismic isolation technology and its engineering application,introduces its history and research development,and expects the development of the buildings' seismic isolation technology,so as to enhance its development and to improve the seismic design for buildings.


The aim of this article is to show that land consolidation has not, during post-World War ii reconstruction, simply been a process of plot reallocation used to return to each land-owner the equivalent of the property he has lost. Applying a diagram on the town (Equal Value Zone), actors of reconstruction dematerialized it in a paroxysmal way. The example of Yvetot shows that this dematerialization allows those who reconstruct to recreate towns in adequacy with urbanism theories developed since the ninetennth century. Moreover, it illustrates how a town could have been reinterpreted and rationalized towards these theories.


This study reviewed the definition of resilience, evaluation tools, protective factors and its effect on health outcomes of adult patients with chronic diseases, in order to provide theoretical guidance for the intervention of resilience of adult chronic disease patients.

Key words:
Resilience; Adult; Chronic disease; Health outcomes; Review


Limited bandwidth and high packet loss pose a serious challenge for video streaming over wireless networks. Even when packet loss in the medium is not present, the fluctuating available bandwidth due to varying number of active flows in a network causes problem for video streaming applications. In this paper, we propose to employ a novel admission control together with a rate-distortion optimized framework to maintain reasonable qualities for multiple concurrent video streams. In particular, we formulate an optimization problem to allocate the optimal transmission rates for each layered video streams jointly with the MAC protocol of a slightly modified 802.11x network. We show the hardness results of the optimization problem under various conditions. Furthermore, we show that a simple greedy layer-allocation algorithm is typically not optimal, although it can approximate the solution reasonably well under certain assumptions.


CN IIYBRID AND MIXES FIi^ITE ELE!L'ENT IJ!ETHOLS Three versions of the assumed stress h.,-brid model in finite element methods and the corresponding variational prircipies for the formulation are presented. Examples of rank deco ficiency for sti_'.nesr matr_ces by the hybrid stress model are giver. and their correspordir.F, kine:-atic defor^-,ation modes ure identified. A discussion of the derivation of general semi-Loof elements for plates aid shells by the hybrid stress method is given. It is shown that the equilibrium model T)y Fraeijs de Veubeke can be derived by the approach of the hybrid stress model as a special case of semi-Loof elements.


Introduction: Peptic ulcer perforation requires urgent surgical intervention, but there is no consensus on a preference for open or laparoscopic surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the results of laparoscopic and open methods of surgery for patients with a peptic ulcer perforation. Materials and Methods: The data of 52 patients who underwent surgery for peptic ulcer perforation at 4 hospitals were investigated retrospectively. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the surgical technique applied: open surgery or laparoscopic. Both techniques used an omental patch to repair the perforation. Patient age, gender, preoperative blood white blood cell count, blood amylase level, duration of symptoms before admission to the hospital, length of operation, number of drains, quantity of intra-abdominal free fluid observed during the operation, quantity of fluid used for irrigation, patient abdominal operation history, and complications were noted and analyzed. Results: Thirty-seven of the patients underwent open surgery and 15 underwent laparoscopic surgery (mean age: 37.73±16.85 years; female/male 3/49). There was no significant difference in the parameters between the groups. No mortality was observed in any of the patients. Wound infection developed in 2 patients who were operated on using the open technique. Only 1 case of laparoscopic surgery (6.66%) was converted to open surgery. Conclusion: Laparoscopic repair of a peptic ulcer perforation demonstrated results that were similar to open surgery and helps to reduce complications such as wound infection. It may be especially valuable in earlyonset cases and younger patients.


Both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression play significant roles in diverse biological processes, but little is known about how post-transcriptional regulation impacts retinal development. Here we report our study of the function of two members of the TTP (tristetraprolin) mRNA binding protein family, Zfp36l1 and Zfp36l2, in the developing retina. TTP proteins are highly conserved CCCH zinc finger proteins, which carry out their functions by promoting target mRNA decay and modulating translation. We found that Zfp36l1 and Zfp36l2 were expressed in retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) during development and Müller glial cells and photoreceptors in the mature retina. Our analysis of the mutant retinas showed that, whereas the single knockout retinas were largely normal, the double knockout (DKO) retina showed decreased RPC proliferation and increased differentiation of multiple retinal cell types. RNA-seq analysis confirmed the imbalance of proliferation and differentiation in the DKO retina. Gene ontology and in silico target gene analysis indicates that Zfp36l1 and Zfp36l2 exert their function by directly regulating multiple classes of proteins, including components of multiple signaling pathways such as the sonic hedgehog pathway and the Notch pathway, cell cycle regulators, and most interestingly transcription factors directly involved in retinal differentiation. These results reveal a new tier of gene regulation controlling retinal development.


Introduction Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant inherited genetic disease that has an extremely elevated cardiovascular risk because of their significantly elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Nutritional intervention is needed in improving LDL cholesterol control in patients with FH but requires a considerable burden in manpower. Artificial intelligence (AI)-supported and mobile-supported nutritional intervention using this technique may be an alternative approach to traditional nutritional counselling in person. This study aims to test the hypothesis that AI-supported nutritional counselling is more effective in reducing LDL cholesterol than the in-person, face-to-face method in terms of improving LDL cholesterol control in patients with FH. Methods and analysis This is a single-centre, unblinded, cross-over, randomised controlled study comparing the efficacy of AI-supported automated nutrition therapy with that of conventional human nutrition counselling in patients with FH. Patients with FH are recruited and randomly assigned to AI-supported nutrition counselling (n=30) and to face-to face nutrition counselling (n=30). We are using an Asken, a mobile application that has been specially modified for this study so that it follows the recommendations by the Japan Atherosclerosis Society. We started patient recruitment on 1 September 2020, and is scheduled to continue until 31 December 2022. Ethics and dissemination This study is being conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki, the Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects, and all other applicable laws and guidelines in Japan. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kanazawa University on 13 April 2020 (IRB no. 2623-3); all recruited patients are required to provide written informed consent. We will disseminate the final results at international conferences and in a peer-reviewed journal. Trial registration number UMIN000040198.


Objective To explore the effect of local chemotherapy of endobronchial tuberculosis by electronic bronchoscope.Methods 226 new cases of smear-positive endobronchial tuberculosis were divided randomly into 2 groups.Observation group including 116 cases received a combined method of whole-body chemotherapy and electronic bronchoscope local therapy,and the control group including 110 cases received a combined method of systemic chemotherapy with ultrasound atomization chemotherapy.Smear-negative conversion time,chest radiography and CT focus absorption situation,and endobronchial focus curing situation were compared between the 2 groups.Results The smear-negative conversion time in the observation group was less than the control group(P0.001).Recurrence of smear-positive in the observation group was lower after the following up for 2 years(P 0.05).After 4 weeks of treatment,there was 53.77%(chest radiography) and 64.15%(CT focus absorption situation) improvement in the observation group,and the figure was greater than the control group(29.59% for chest radiography and 39.80% CT focus absorption situation)(P0.05).Observation group's expanding incidence of focus scope was lower comparatively after 2 years' follow up(P0.05).The incidence of endobronchial focus was improved in the observation group at 3(48.28%) to 6(58.62%) months after treatment,and the result was better than the control group(3 months,28.19% ;6 months,40.91%)(P 0.05) but the difference at the 12 th and 24 th months was not significant(P0.05).Conclusion Local chemotherapy with electronic bronchoscope combined with systemic chemotherapy can accelerate the smear-negative conversion and endobronchial focus improvement and reduce the incidence of recurrence.


O-(N-Methyl)anthraniloylg uanosine 5'-triphosphate (mantGTP) isafluorescent analogue ofGTP thathassimilar properties tothephysiological substrate in terms ofits binding constant andthekinetics ofits interactions withp2lNRAS, theNRASprotooncogene product. There isa 3-fold increase influorescence intensity whenmantGTP binds top21NRAS. Therate constant forthecleavage ofmantGTP complexed withtheprotein issimilar tothatofGTP,and cleavage isaccompanied byafluorescence intensity change in thewild-type protein complex. A two-phase fluorescence change also occurs whenthenonhydrolyzable analogue 2'(3')- O-(N-methyl)anthraniloylguanosine 5'-(fi,y-imido)t riphos-


Based on the engineering reality,a calculation model of the rotor unsteady aerodynamics of the small-scale coaxial helicopter had been set up.An airfoil unsteady aerodynamic model was established by introducing a set of Leishman-Beddoes semi-empirical indicial response formula.The induced velocity of the aerodynamic interaction between upper and lower rotors of a coaxial helicopter was set up based on the rigid wake model,free wake model and the dynamic inflow model with interference factors.Considering the teetering rotor's particular flapping dynamic formula,the Runge-Kutta method was used to obtain the numerical solution of the rigid blade flapping angle.According to the calculation and analysis,the thrust response to a rapid collective pitch increase in both the hovering and forward flight states were obtained,and the blade's hinge moment of the upper and lower rotors were compared.


The mechanism of explosions triggered at the bottom of a pool of liquid (i.e., base-triggered explosions) was experimentally investigated by dropping molten tin into water. We studied the effect of the tin temperature, the water temperature, the water depth, and the distance between the walls at the bottom of the pool on the tendency for explosions to occur. The experimental results showed that base-triggered explosions occurred at the bottom surface of the tank when the water temperature was near its saturation temperature. The occurrence of base-triggered explosions was also affected by the water depth. According to the interaction at the base, the observed explosions could be classified into two types: instantaneous and delayed explosions. The difference between the triggering mechanisms was explained by considering the homogeneous nucleation temperature of the water and the instantaneous interfacial temperature. The occurrence of delayed explosions was also affected by the distance between the side wa...


In this paper, a real-time Digital Signal Processing (DSP) system is designed and implemented by using a PIC24 microcontroller circuit and a C# GUI application running on PC. The wireless communication between the PIC24 subsystem and the GUI subsystem is implemented via Bluetooth modules on the subsystems. The DSP system first digitises an input square signal of a certain frequency through an on-chip ADC of PIC24 microcontroller, then uses different FIR digital filters to extract certain harmonics of the input signal, and outputs it as a sinusoidal signal to an on-chip DAC as well as sends the sampled data and filtered data over Bluetooth to the GUI. The GUI, besides plotting the input and output wave forms, can provide a means of controlling all functionalities of the system through a developed communication protocol. The design and implementation for the proposed DSP system are successfully demonstrated by experimental results. The hardware and software co-design method can be extended to other industrial applications and used as a good paradigm of engineering education for college students.


Condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of power transformer using vibration analysis method has attracted great attention. This paper presents a transformer vibration model under short-circuit condition, which consists of two sub-models. One is a vibration model of internal windings, and the other is a signal transmission model. In the laboratory tests, the parameters in the model is measured using data set sampled in single phase short-circuit tests. Then with this model, the estimated vibration signals of the same point can be calculated by employing the input current only. In order to validate the whole model, three phase short-circuit tests are taken, and the results show a good agreement between estimated signals and measured signals.


Numerical analyses on individual pulses from a cylindrical /sup 3/He gas ionization chamber have been performed. A radial distribution of the electron ion pairs was successfully analyzed by a deconvolution technique combined with a digital waveform analysis. From the charge distribution, clear separation of events of the reactions of /sup 3/He(n,p)T and /sup 3/He(n,n)/sup 3/He at the energy range of the /sup 3/He recoil edge was observed.


The Golden Beach closed anticlinal structure lies five kilometres offshore in the Gippsland Basin. Golden Beach 1A was drilled in 1967 near the crest of the structure and intersected a gas column of 19 m (63 feet) at the top of the Latrobe Group (Late Eocene) where most of the hydrocarbon accumulations in the Gippsland Basin have been found. The gas-water contact lies at a depth of 652 m (2139 feet) below sea level. On seismic data recorded over the structure, a high amplitude flat-lying event was interpreted as a bright 'flat spot' at the gas-water contact. Reprocessing of the seismic data enhanced the bright spot effect and enabled the areal extent of the gas zone to be mapped. The presence of the gas also leads to a polarity reversal of the top of the Latrobe Group seismic reflector over the gas accumulation. Seismic data from other structures containing hydrocarbons in the Gippsland Basin support the concept that bright spots and flat spots are more likely to be associated with gas than with oil accumulations, and that the observed bright spot effect decreases with increasing depth.


inclu ing x-ray surveys of the chest and skeleton. No evidence has been found of any recurrence of malignant disease, and her gen- eral health remains good. This case was of considerable interest to the authors because the patient had had three primary malignant tumours, with an eight-year survival following operation for carcinoma of the left breast, a six-year survival after carcinoma of the thyroid and a five-year survival after carcinoma of the right breast. However, since individuals with anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid almost invariably die within a few months, the long survival in this case stimulated a review of the microscopic sections and the


Neutrophils are versatile cells, which play a role, not only in inflammatory processes but also in immune and antitumoral responses. Recently, we have reported that interferon (IFN)‐activated neutrophils are able to release biologically active tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL/APO2 ligand), a molecule exerting selective, apoptotic activities toward tumor and virus‐infected cells, as well as immunoregulatory functions on activated T lymphocytes. Herein, we show that only a minor fraction of the total TRAIL, newly synthesized by IFN‐activated neutrophils within 24 h, is released outside, the rest being retained intracellularly, mainly in secretory vesicles and light membrane fractions. We demonstrate that the intracellular pool of TRAIL present in IFN‐pretreated neutrophils is rapidly mobilizable to the cell surface and can be secreted following exposure to proinflammatory mediators such as TNF‐α, lipopolysaccharide, formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine, CXC chemokine ligand 8/interleukin‐8, insoluble immunocomplexes, and heat shock protein Gp96. These various proinflammatory agonists functioned as effective secretagogue molecules only, in that they failed to augment TRAIL mRNA expression or TRAIL de novo synthesis in freshly isolated neutrophils or cultured with or without IFN. In addition, supernatants from IFN‐treated neutrophils stimulated with proinflammatory mediators induced the apoptosis of target cells more effectively than supernatants from neutrophils activated with IFNs alone. Collectively, our results uncover a novel mechanism, whereby the release of soluble TRAIL by neutrophils can be greatly amplified and further reinforce the notion that neutrophils are important cells in tumor surveillance and immunomodulation.


The utility model discloses a high-sensitivity piezoelectric silicon microphone, comprising a base, an elastic support layer, a piezoelectric film part and an electrode part, wherein a perforating hole is formed in the base; the elastic support layer is covered at the surface of the base; the piezoelectric film part is arranged on the elastic support layer; the piezoelectric film part comprises two parts of a transition layer and a piezoelectric function layer; the piezoelectric function layer has no a crack due to the transition layer; the electrode part comprises two electrodes, an electrode lead and an electrode terminal; the electrode part is arranged inside a same plane and at the upper surface of the piezoelectric film part; two electrodes are of double-helix structures; the two electrodes are arranged above a perforating area; and signals on the electrodes are led out by the electrode terminal and the electrode lead, so as to achieve electric connection with an amplifying circuit. The high-sensitivity piezoelectric silicon microphone has the advantages that a double-helix electrode design is adopted, so that the piezoelectric film is internally polarized along the surface; and the sensitivity of the piezoelectric silicon microphone is improved by a d33 mode of the piezoelectric film.


Foreword - Dick Suinn An Overview - Lee C Lee Research Methods - Jeffrey S Tanaka et al The Construct Validity of Self-Identity and its Psychological Implications PART ONE: LIFE COURSE DEVELOPMENT Families - Barbara Yee, Larke Huang and Angela Lew Life-Span Socialization in a Cultural Context Psychosocial Status of Children and Youths - Lee C Lee and Ginny Zhan The Elderly - Paul Wong and Victor Ujimoto Their Stress, Coping and Mental Health Women - Maria Root Interracial Marriages - Harry Kitano, Diane Fujino and Jane Takahashi Sato Where are the Asian Americans and where are they going? Multiracial Americans - Maria Root Changing the Face of Asian America Ethnic Identity - David Sue, Winnie Mak and Derald Sue Academic Achievement and Performance - Jayjia Hsia and Samuel Peng Career Development and Vocational Behaviours - Frederick Leong PART TWO: SOCIAL AND PERSONAL ADJUSTMENT Racism - Kathleen Young and David Takeuchi Internment and Intergenerational Relations - Donna Nagata Psychopathology - Kevin Chun et al Mental Health Services and Treatment - Jean Chin Family Violence - Joyce Lum Addictive Behaviors - Nolan Zane and Jeannie Huh-Kim


In this article, the relationship between D.M. Mothoagae's poetry and that of other Batswana poets is analysed. Mothoagae's poetry is ingested with citations and echoes of and/or allusions to other Setswana poems. The study of relationships between texts is referred to as intertextuality. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the relationship between some Setswana poems through an intertextual analysis and to determine the relationship between the written texts and cultural practices of the Batswana. In this study, use was made of J. Hillis Miller's theory of the host/parasite and parasite/host relationship. This means that there is a mutual relationship between the texts. The parasite text borrows the image from the host text and the image borrowed from the host text gains more meaning and clarity from the parasite text.


In this paper, a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulation system based on high-birefringence fiber loop mirror (Hi-Bi FLM) is proposed and demonstrated. The approximate linear edge of the transmittance of the Hi-Bi FLM, which is a sinusoidal function of wavelength, is used to interrogate the sensing FBGs. The relationship between the wavelength period of the transmittance of the Hi-Bi FLM and the length of Hi-Bi fiber is studied and the results shows that the linear range of Hi-Bi FLM is in Inverse proportion to the length of the Hi-Bi fiber. To get wider linear range, the length of the Hi-Bi fiber must be shorter and it is limited by the fiber fusing technic. Two sections of Hi-Bi fiber is orthogonal fused and its effect is equal to one segment of fiber whose length is equal to the difference of that of the two section of fibers. Using this method, a Hi-Bi FLM with a wide linear range of 20nm is made and used to demodulate FBG sensing signal. The demodulator has advantages of all-fiber design, low price and high speed.


Objective: Asthma is a common inflammatory respiratory disease with increasing incidence worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of miR-146a-5p in reducing allergic airway inflammation by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. Methods: Allergic mouse models were established by ovalbumin stimulation, and mice were treated with miR-146a-5p agomir and oe-TIRAP 3 h before OVA stimulation. The pathological changes of lung tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The airway hyperresponsiveness of mice were examined. The miR-146a-5p level was detected by RT-qPCR. The inflammatory cytokines (IL-18/TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum IgE levels were examined by ELISA. Airway inflammation in mice was detected after miR-146a-5p overexpression. The levels of NLRP3/ASC/caspase1 proteins and macrophage M1/M2 surface markers in mouse lung tissues were examined using immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and flow cytometry. The targeting relationship between miR-146a-5p and TIRAP was verified by dual-luciferase assay. The p65 levels in the cytoplasm/nucleus of mouse lung tissue were measured. Results: miR-146a-5p was downregulated in the lung tissues of allergic mice, and miR-146a-5p overexpression alleviated airway inflammation in asthmatic mice. miR-146a-5p suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages of allergic mice, reduced NLRP3/ASC/caspase1 protein levels in lung tissues, blocked M1 polarization, and promoted M2 polarization. miR-146a-5p targeted TIRAP. TIRAP overexpression partially reversed the promoting effect of miR-146a-5p on M2 polarization. miR-146a-5p can inhibit the activation of the TIRAP/NF-κB pathway. Conclusion: miR-146a-5p inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages in the lung tissue of allergic mice, prevented pro-inflammatory phenotype M1 polarization, and promoted anti-inflammatory phenotype M2 polarization by targeting the TIRAP/NF-κB pathway, thus alleviating airway inflammation in allergic asthma.


Introduction Brominated flame retardants (BFRs), such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), have been used as additives in furniture, electronics, building materials, textiles, etc. to reduce the risk of fire spreading. These chemicals have been ubiquitously found both in environmental and food matrices (Wei et al. 2015). Due to evidence of their toxicity and persistency, and to increasing health and environmental concerns, the main BFRs were gradually banned worldwide, leading to the increased usage of phosphorous flame retardants (PFRs) as alternatives (Marklund et al. 2010). As a consequence, PFRs are found in many environmental matrices, such as air, dust, surface water, sediments, and biota (Zeng et al. 2014; Brandsma et al. 2015; Malarvannan et al. 2015; Kim et al. 2013). Knowledge about the environmental persistence, human exposure and toxicity of PFRs are, however, still limited (Wei et al. 2015). Foodstuffs might be contaminated with PFRs by bioaccumulation in food of animal origin and during the food treatment processes and packaging (Campone et al. 2010). However, information on the presence of PFRs in foodstuffs is still scarce.


The paper explores the significance, content and features of such a quality parameter of scientific research and applied analytical research as usefulness. The article gives an overview of the definitions and interpretations of the parameter "usefulness of research" presented in the scientific literature. The author shows the place of the parameter "usefulness" in the total volume of other key parameters of the research, especially the interrelations with those. The article gives the author's interpretation of the concept under study.


There are several factors which affect the lifting capacity. These factors can be categorized under the following: 1. individual characteristics, 2. task variables, and 3. environmental conditions. This paper presents the methods used to determine the lifting capacity for male and female industrial workers, as well as the models developed to predict this capacity under several conditions of the task variables (height level, frequency, and box size). Since overloading and underloading in manual materials handling is undesirable, field data were collected to investigate the effects of job demands on manual materials handling injuries. As opposed to the physiological approach, no difference was found in the lifting capacity due to age. While both weight and work rate are important, work rate was a more effective and logical single measure of back injuries or stress than weight.


A phosphine oxide based organic material, 2-diphenylphosphine oxide-spiro[fluorene-7,11′-benzofluorene] (SPPO2), was developed as a universal electron transport layer with a thermal stability and stable morphology for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The SPPO2 was synthesized by the reaction of 2-bromo-spiro[fluorene-7,11′-benzofluorene] with diphenyl phosphine chloride. SPPO2 showed a high glass transition temperature (Tg) of 118 °C and good film-forming properties. The SPPO2 reduced the driving voltage of the OLEDs irrespective of the energy level of the host materials due to efficient electron injection from the SPPO2 to host material. In particular, the SPPO2 reduced the driving voltage of the blue device of a wide bandgap host material by more than 3 V. Therefore, the SPPO2 can be used as a universal electron transport layer for OLEDs.


Disclosed are methods and system for forming at least a solar module of a plurality of module members. The method comprises the steps of: positioning at least a first module member at a predefined position on a holding member; charging electrostatically at least any of the first module member and the holding member as to stick to each other at the predefined position; joining at least the first module member with at least a second module member to form at least part of the solar module.


deficiencies are a common cause of anemia. We describe a case of a schizophrenic patient with a rapidly declining was a long-term to gastrointestinal causes for investigated


I N any consideration of changes that may take place in medical education we must first attempt to form some picture of the pattern of work that our graduates of the future will be called upon to follow and for which we should be training them. This is difficult to forecast with any confidence but is basic to the whole problem as it determines both the number of doctors required and the nature of their education. One trend which is becoming more clearly defined is the movement towards integration of hospital, general practice and local authority services and this must have a profound influence. It emphasises the necessity for postgraduate professional training so that a doctor can make a full and satisfying contribution to the medical service of his area. A second aspect of the future about which there can be no doubt is the process of change itself which will assuredly be a normal and constant feature of medical life. As knowledge advances everything associated with medicine is on the move and this inevitably includes the content of medicine, the organization of medical care and the relationship of doctors with the community. Medical education in the future will be successful only if it prepares its graduates to welcome this evolution of professional life.


Objective To investigate relation of fatty liver with alcohol drinking and obesity. Methods Using randomized multistage stratified cluster sampling, investigations including questionnaires, physical examinations, oral glucose tolerance tests, blood lipid tests, and real-time liver ultrasonographics subjects were adults age over the 16 in 8 residential areas of Shanghai city. Results 3 175 adults were enrolled consisted of 1 218 males and 1 426 females, with a mean age of 52.4±15.1 years. The prevalence of drinking monthly and obesity were 7.62% and 41.9%, respectively. Ultrasonography detected fatty liver in 661 (20.82%) cases: 3.48% were alcoholic fatty liver, and 92.43% were nonalcoholic fatty liver. Compared with controls, the risk for fatty liver was higher by 3.6 fold(95% CI , 1.1-11.7) in heavy drinkers, 11.6 fold(95% CI , 8.2-16.5) in obese persons, and 17.1 fold(95% CI , 9.1-32.4 ) in persons who were both obese and heavy drinking. In heavy drinkers, obesity increased the risk for fatty liver by 4.8 fold (95% CI ,1.4-16.6), but heavy drinking not significantly (95% CI , 0.9-2.6) increased the risk for fatty liver in obese subjects. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of fatty liver, predominantly nonalcoholic fatty liver, in the adult population of Shanghai. Obesity and associated multiple metabolic disorders are more closely related to fatty liver than excessive drinking.


This paper describes a new optical method, the high speed Moire topography of the shadow, to measure the yaw angle of a free-flight projectile, in which, the equipment can be simplified, for it needs only one camera, but the older ones need at least two. The formula of the calculation are deduced and the errors are analyzed. The final experimental results of a free-flight projectile by the new method mentioned above show that the yaw angle of a free-flight projectile can be measured accurately with the dynamic Moire topography of the surface of the projectile. This new method is available.


The municipalities are responsible for the collection, storage and disposal of solid wastes. Today, with the advancement of technology, increasing consumption habits and the development of industry, solid wastes have become a problem that cannot be ignored for the environment. In this regard, the task of municipalities has become difficult. According to Statistical Regional Units Classification, Level 1 regions in Turkey are West Marmara, East Marmara, Aegean, the Mediterranean, West Black Sea, Eastern Black Sea, Northeastern Anatolia, Western Anatolia, the Middle East Anatolia, Central Anatolia, Southeast Anatolia and Istanbul. In this study, we have evaluated solid waste management in these regions with Data Başvuru: 03/11/2019 Kabul: 04/05/2020 1 * iletişim e-posta: firstname.lastname@example.com ** Bu çalışmanın bir kısmı II. International Conference on Data Science and Applications 2019'da sözlü olarak sunulmuştur. VERİ BİLİMİ DERGİSİ www.dergipark.gov.tr/veri Veri Bilim Derg, 3(1), 33-40, 2020 34 Envelopment Analysis (DEA). We have chosen as input the average amount of waste per capita, the number of municipalities in the region and the environmental expenditure of the municipality. The outputs are the environmental revenues of the municipality and the amount of waste disposed in landfills. We have found only two effective regions according to the Charnes-Cooper-Rhodes (CCR) model and seven effective regions according to the BankerCharnes-Cooper (BCC) model. Then, we have ranked all regions with Super Efficiency (SE), another DEA model, and have compared the results with the results obtained from TOPSIS. Finally, we analyzed input-output changes for inefficient regions and presented potential improvement suggestions.


Sexual maturation (determined by the length of the terminal oocyte or the size of the male accessory gland) of Nomadacris guttulosa was fastest under conditions where photophase was 14 h, relative humidity (RH) exceeded 55–60% and temperature was greater than 32°C. Under a 14 h photophase, 60–80% RH, and a temperature regime of 32°C (16 h) and 38°C (8 h) sexual maturity was attained in a minimum period of 7.1 weeks post fledging. Evidence is presented that early maturation is dependent on a critical photophase of approximately 13 h.


By utilizing a fixed point theorem on cone,some new results on the existence of positive periodic solutions for nonautonomous differential equations with delay are derived.


Visualization tools like t-SNE and UMAP give insight into the high-dimensional structure of datasets. When there are related datasets (such as the high-dimensional representations of image data created by two different Deep Learning architectures), roughly aligning those visualizations helps to highlight both the similarities and differences. In this paper we propose a method to align multiple low dimensional UMAP visualizations by adding an alignment term to the UMAP loss function. We provide an automated procedure to find a weight for this term that encourages the alignment but only minimally changes the fidelity of the underlying embedding.


Rape culture as it is used within this analysis refers to the general trend as a society to normalize the occurrence of sexual violence and can encompass behaviors such as acceptance and perpetuation of common rape myths, "slut-shaming", and victimblaming. These behaviors are taught from a young age, mostly through the media or socialization. However, through examining sixteen sex education textbooks, certain themes seem to highlight the notion that children are exposed to rape culture through school systems. The aspects explored include discussions of consent (or lack thereof), forced stigma towards sexuality, perpetuation of harmful misconceptions including gender stereotypes, and the tendency to teach individuals how not to be raped rather than teaching how not to rape.


Transferrin receptors (TfR) are involved in the first step of iron uptake into cells. To clarify the changes in TfR under various conditions, radiobinding assay of (125)I-labeled iron-saturated transferrin was performed in alveolar macrophages from 2 patients with idiopathic hemo-chromatosis and iron-overloaded or iron-deficient guinea pigs. Patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis showed a reduction in the Fe-TfR count on alveolar macrophages (5.0×10(4)/cell) as compared to that in healthy individuals (19.88±8.19×10(4)/cell). Concerning the Fe-TfR binding constant, no differnce was observed between patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis and healthy controls. The Fe-TfR count on alveolar macrophages was significantly lower in iron-overloaded guined pigs than in normal cntrols. The count was significantly elevated in iron-deficient guinea pigs. Concerning the Fe-TfR binding constant, none of the iron-overloaded and iron-deficient groups showed any significant difference from the normal controls. These findings suggest that experimentally-induced iron overload and iron deficiency may be autoregulated by intracellular iron levels.


Introduction The role of inhaled steroids in the management of atopic rhinitis is well established (Cockroft et al., 1976; Incaudo etal., 1980; Mygind, 1973) with a positive response rate of 80-90 per cent (Cockroft etal, 1976; Morrison Smith et al., 1975; Tarlo et al., 1977). In contrast, their role in non-atopic rhinitis is under-researched: only a handful of trials have identified patients with this condition as a sub-group in a larger rhinitis trial (Gibson et al., 1974; Knight and Kolin, 1983; Kohan etal., 1989; Tarlo etal, 1977) and only three trials have been aimed exclusively at patients with non-atopic rhinitis (Bende and Rundcrantz, 1985; Jones and Kenyon, 1988; Pipkorn and Berge, 1983). In a double-blind, cross-over study of 25 patients with perennial rhinitis, Gibson etal. (1974) isolated a subgroup of nine patients with non-atopic rhinitis and found that six of them (66 per cent) preferred beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) 200 (xg daily to placebo. In a similar trial, Tarlo et al. (1977) found that the response rate of nine patients with non-atopic rhinitis to BDP 400 [xg daily rose from 54 per cent at three weeks to 73 per cent at six months. They suggested that some patients may require a longer period of treatment and others may need a higher dose of BDP to elicit a positive response. Jones and Kenyon (1988), in the only controlled trial designed to look solely at non-atopic rhinitis, matched 22 patients with non-atopic rhinitis after six weeks of BDP 400 \ig against 22 untreated controls with non-atopic rhinitis and 22 'normal' patients. Measured by rhinomanometry and symptom scoring they found a response rate of only 23 per cent in the treated group and suggested that a longer course of BDP might have improved upon this result. This argument is given weight by the results of Knight and Kolin (1983) who found a greater response in patients with non-atopic rhinitis when treatment was prolonged to 48 weeks.


3. The Treasurer reported that the Society's finances had not altered since the Annual General Meeting, and reminded Members that an increase in subscription had become inevitable owing to the increased costs of the Society resulting from two-day meetings, increased secretarial expenses, and other factors. Last year, for the first time, expenditure exceeded income, and the former was expected to rise substantially in the next year, to £1,000 or more. Since the present income of the Society was in the region of only £650 per annum, the Council felt that the Society needed approximately an extra £600 per annum to maintain investments and the Congress Fund. Furthermore, the number of issues of the Journal in the year would very likely increase in the near future. It was proposed therefore to increase the subscription to the Society to 8 guineas per annum for Ordinary Members and 5 guineas per annum for Associate Members. This increase would include any future extra issues of the Journal and no further increase in subscription was intended in the immediate future.


Homeopuncture, that is the injection of low potency homeopathic remedies in points of acupuncture, is a very effective and basical therapy for general practitioners, as the problems of the patients are solved via processes of awareness. It is important for the therapist to have a precise knowledge of the orbits of the organs and the suitable organotropic homeopathic remedies.


Oral vaccine delivery remains an unmet goal due to biochemical and immunological barriers in the gastrointestinal tract. Sporopollenin microcapsules from natural pollen grains have recently been engineered to overcome these multifaceted challenges. Using four morphologically different sporopollenin shells and two inbred mouse strains, this study addresses three key questions regarding sporopollenin shell's application for oral vaccine delivery: i) the impact of sporopollenin shell surface morphology on the immune response, ii) the duration of the immunity, and iii) the applicability of the delivery system across a diverse genetic background population. Using ovalbumin (OVA) as a model vaccine antigen, this study demonstrates that OVA can adsorb on the sporopollenin shell surfaces. Mice orally vaccinated with a sporopollenin shell‐based OVA formulation show sustained antibody responses for 454 days after the immunization that are correlated with the generation of OVA‐specific plasma cells in the vaccinated mice bone marrow. Sporopollenin shell surface spikes have a greater impact on immune responses than the shell size and shape. A spiky ragweed sporopollenin formulation induces systemic and mucosal responses in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. Together, this study provides a framework to select sporopollenin shells based on the surface morphology to use as a microcapsule for oral vaccination.


A working model of a reversible servosystem constituting the basic element of an electromechanical manipulator for handling radioactive and chemical materials was developed. The aim in developing the system was to achieve a greater number of degrees of freedom than is possible with mechanical manipulators equipped with belt or gear drives. To make it possible for the operator to control the displacement of an object to be moved as well as the force exerted on the object, the system uses two separately excited d-c motors (a driving motor and an actuating motor) whose armatures are connected in series. Mathematical relationships characterizing the performance of such a system take into account compensation of friction and of the moment of inertia by introducing into the system a signal proportional to the difference in the moments applied to it. Stability was achieved under various operating conditions. (OTS)


Type of funding sources: None.

 Implantable cardiac monitors (ICMs) are increasingly used to monitor atrial fibrillation (AF) burden following catheter ablation. AF burden recorded by the Confirm Rx™ ICM cannot be modified even after adjudication of false-positive (FP) episodes. We sought to investigate accuracy of the AF burden detection in a UK cohort.

 This multicentre retrospective study included patients with Confirm Rx™ and at least one episode >6 minutes across 9 UK hospitals. Each episode had a corresponding 120-second EGM (electrogram) and heart rate scatterplot which was considered representative of the whole episode. One cardiologist adjudicated all EGMs as 'True AF' or 'False positive' and a random sample of 10% was reviewed to account for intra and interobserver variability. AF burden was computed as the duration of all episodes classified as AF by the Confirm-Rx divided by the total duration of follow-up. 'True-AF' burden was calculated by dividing the duration of episodes adjudicated as 'True-AF' by the total duration of follow-up. We also investigated the accuracy of AF burden according to implantation indication and episode duration.

 A total of 16,230 individual AF episodes were included from 232 consecutive patients. Overall, 26,137 hours of AF were recorded and a total follow-up 315 patient-years which equates to an AF burden of 0.95%. However, only 24,404.7 (93.3%) hours represented time in 'True-AF' and a 'True-AF' burden for the whole cohort of 0.89% (Table 1). Patients with a Confirm-Rx™ for palpitations and suspected AF had the lowest proportion of 'True-AF' burden and had a modest contribution to the overall AF burden (Figure 1). Conversely, patients with known AF had the highest proportion of 'True-AF' burden recorded. Most AF (84.5%) episodes lasted less than 1 hour with approximately a quarter adjudicated as false-positive detections, but their contribution towards overall AF burden was very small (Figure 2A-2B). In contrast, AF >3 hours accounted for 76.4% of time in AF and the proportion of 'True-AF' burden was 98.5%.

 The accuracy of the estimated AF burden for the whole cohort was excellent (93.3%), driven by the high proportion of 'True-AF' burden in AF>3 hours.


Background: Stroke severity is mitigated by preceding anticoagulants in acute stroke patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Such mitigative effects might be different between warfarin and direct o...


3 In January 2020, WHO announced that epidemy of Corona Virus called COVID-19 has occurred.1 Today, the COVID-19 has become a pandemic and an infectious disease that harms humans. Some factors aggravating a condition of COVID-19 patients have been overserved, for example: age, gender and comorbidity. One of factors aggravating the COVID-19 is overweight and obesity. Obesity is also considered as a factor aggravating symptoms of H1N1 virus.2 Some theories about overweight or obesity that aggravate the COVID-19 appear. In obese patients, mediators of inflammation that decrease compounds of anti-inflammation such adiponectin and increase oxidative stress occur. The increase of oxidative stress contributes for decreased ability of cell immune to fight for the infection.3 Obesity also can increase thrombosis causing disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and thrombosis vena.4 Thrombosis also occurs in blood vessels in the lungs that can decrease the volume and capacity of the lung functions; consequently, this can complicate the clinical condition of COVID-19 patients.5 Increases of fat tissue in obesity can produce leptin which interferes heart functions and causes atherosclerosis. These conditions can aggravate the COVID-19 and increase mortality of COVID-19 patients.6 A main factor of death in COVID-19 patients is that fibrosis occurs in the lungs. In obese patients, there is an increase in lipofibroblasts in lung tissue containing fatty granules that cause fat deposits in the lungs. If the lungs are infected, lipofibroblast will be tuned into myofibroblast causing pulmonary fibrosis.7 Obese patients also often experience complications such as glucose metabolism disorders that cause hyperglycaemia. Hyperglycaemia can cause fluid and electrolyte disorders, blood coagulation problems, and aggravating infectious process. These will complicate the condition of COVID-19 patients.8 Based on the discussion above, we should have efforts to maintain an ideal weight and lose weight for the overweight and obesity. However, the efforts will be difficult because the pandemic situation contributes for stress that can cause appetite in certain people to increase. In addition, the current situation requires us to do work from home that causes fewer physical activities and becomes a risk factor of overweight. Therefore, we must maintain a diet and exercise at home.9


A method of tracing sewage effluent is described in which samples of fluid flows are subjected to high per formance liquid chromatography with respective elu tion systems capable of eluting different selected com pounds therefrom, and the concentration of each com pound in the sample is determined spectroscopically. The method is used to determine sewage flow paths in natural water bodies, such as rivers, to check for con tamination by sewage, to determine possible sewage sources, the detection of uric acid, for example, being indicative of a human source; and to monitor the efflu ent from sewage treatment plants. A monitoring system for sewage treatment works is also described in which bromophenol blue is added to the sewage influent to the biodegradation stage as a dilution indicator and the changes in the bromophenol blue concentration and in the concentration of a biodegrad able sewage component, such as uric acid, are moni tored throughout the stage to give an indication of the progress of the biodegradation reaction; this informa tion is used in controlling the operation of the plant to maximize its efficiency.


This paper introduces a recognition system of printed mathematical expressions,which combines the method of "Top-Down" with the way of "Bottom-Up".The system,mainly consisting of local structural analysis and global analysis,is cabaple of recognizing printed mathematical expressions.The actual rate for accurately recognizing 98 printed mathematical expressions is 0.867.


An induced subgraph S of a graph G is called a derived subgraph of G if S contains no isolated vertices. An edge e of G is said to be residual if e occurs in more than half of the derived subgraphs of G. We introduce the conjecture: Every non-empty graph contains a non-residual edge. This conjecture is implied by, but weaker than, the union-closed sets conjecture. We prove that a graph G of order n satisfies this conjecture whenever G satisfies any one of the conditions: δ(G) ≤ 2, log2n ≤ δ(G), n ≤ 10, or the girth of G is at least 6. Finally, we show that the union-closed sets conjecture, in its full generality, is equivalent to a similar conjecture about hypergraphs. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 26: 155–163, 1997


The article deals with the right to access to information about activities of public authorities and local governments, the exercise of this right, the reasons to deny access to such information. The author distinguishes the types of information according to the users' access level. The paper concludes that the availability of information on the activities of the authorities is aimed at both ensuring the personal interests of the individual associated with the ability to exercise one's rights and freedoms, and one's participation in the affairs of the society and the state.


Hundred and fifty seed samples of white jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) belonging to four seed classes were collected from different sources of Bangladesh. The seed classes were breeder, foundation, certified and farmers' seeds. Breeder seeds had the best performance in all the seed quality attributes as compared to foundation, certified and farmers' seeds. The lowest performance was observed in farmers' seeds. Seven different causal organisms of fungal disease Botryodiplodia theobromae, Colletotrichum corchori, Corynespora cassicola, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium moniliforme, F.semitectum and Macrophomina phaseolina were detected in seeds of all seed classes. All seed quality parameters were comparatively better in breeder seeds than foundation seeds. Certified seeds had better performance than farmers' seeds. So, certified seeds should be used for fibre production at farm level. Therefore, proper care should be taken in the production and storage of certified seeds. Keyword: Moisture, germination, Vigour, fungi, white jute Copyright: @ 2012 Pervin, N. et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Common Attribution 3.0 License.


Abstract — The research goals are studying and evaluating the application of Personal Meaning Maps Methodology in museums' visitors' and university students' learning, competencies, and perception development. The study was conducted within the course "Museum Information Systems", implemented under the Program "Applied Informatics in Arts and Humanities..." of Saint Petersburg State University. Forty-nine third-year bachelors (19–22 years old) took part in the experiment. The PMM performed the following functions: a methodology for assessing the development of students' knowledge when studying a course during a semester (4 months), when visiting an exhibition in a multimedia centre of a Russian museum (2 hours), and also as a tool for implementing a comparative analysis of the obtained results Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the collected data showed that PMMs allow studying new knowledge of specialists in the field of Digital Humanities.


: The active introduction of foreign capital helps to make up for the lack of regional construction funds, speed up the technological reform of new and old enterprises, and promote industrial upgrading. In this context, the study of the factors affecting Shanghai's actual utilization of total foreign investment is of great significance to the economic development strategy of the Yangtze River Delta and other places. This paper selects the latest development of the actual utilization of foreign capital in Shanghai from 1981 to 2020, and makes an empirical analysis on its influencing factors by applying multiple regression model. The results show that the actual use of foreign capital is mainly affected by per capita GDP, GDP growth rate, exchange rate and per capita disposable income, among which per capita GDP and disposable income have a greater impact on the actual utilization of foreign capital.


Abstract Freezing is a major environmental stress, which limits plant's distribution, growth and productivity. Ice nucleation active bacteria can catalyze ice formation at temperatures as high as −2°C. A membrane protein confer the ability of ice nucleation, called ice-nucleating proteins (INPs), which is encoded by a single gene. Mutation in this gene will lead to delaying of ice nucleation. In this study, leaf tissues of several plants with freezing symptoms were collected from different locations and 40 bacterial isolates with yellow circular colonies and regular margins were isolated from samples. Finally, total of 12 isolates belong to Xanthomonas were selected for ice nucleate activity (INA) by Droplet-freezing test and presence of INA gene was surveyed by PCR. According to the obtained results, isolate 28 was targeted to mutagenesis by using Tn5 transposon. After mutagenesis, isolates with ability to grow on kanamycin, which lack of INAx gene in PCR were considered as mutated isolates and their freezing effects were evaluated on bean seedlings. Results showed that isolates with mutated INA gene cannot induce freezing on bean seedlings, while primary identified isolate (isolate 28) could do it. These results show that if we could replace wild type ice nucleation active bacteria with mutated forms (just different in ice nucleation activity), we could, probably, prevent freezing and subsequent economic losses.