Curve of Monson is defined as a proposed ideal curve of occlusion in which each cusp and incisal edge touches or conforms to a segment of the surface of a sphere 8′′ in diameter with its center in the region of the glabella.1 This curve was popularly known by the name of George S Monson, dentist, Minnesota, USA when he first mentioned it in 1920.2 Today, we are in the year 2021 and the curve of Monson, also alternately known as a Monson's spherical theory, is still relevant in dental restorative procedures especially in Prosthodontics and Orthodontics. In the theory that occlusion should be spherical, the curve of Spee (anteroposterior curve) and the curve of Wilson (Mediolateral curve) have also been described and assumed to be the part of the curve of Monson while determining the normal occlusal plane in dental treatments.1–4 The curve of Wilson, when viewed in the frontal plane, is concave in the mandibular arch and contacts the buccal and lingual cusp tips of the mandibular molars; and is convex in the maxillary arch and contacts the buccal and lingual cusp tips of the maxillary molars.1,3 The curve of Spee is the anatomic curve established by the occlusal alignment of the teeth, as projected onto the median plane, beginning with the cusp tip of the mandibular canine and following the buccal cusp tips of the premolar and molar teeth, continuing through the anterior border of the mandibular ramus, ending with the anterior-most portion of the mandibular condyle.1,4 Uneven occlusal plane is a common clinical occurrence, which may be caused by supraeruption, wear, or drifting of the teeth.5 In such situations, achieving the normal occlusal plane becomes a primary objective of any dental restorative procedure to facilitate natural mandibular movements and mastication.5–9 The curve of Spee permits total posterior disocclusion on the mandibular protrusion given proper anterior guidance and the curve of Wilson permits lateral mandibular excursion free from posterior interferences.2–4 Many devices and techniques have been described to evaluate and correct the occlusal plane based on the principles of these three curves (curve of Monson, curve of Wilson, and the curve of Spee) including the Broadrick occlusal plane analyzer (BOPA),1,8,9 Yurkstas metal occlusal template,10 custom-made occlusal plane template (OPT),5,7,11 and the self-grinding OPT.6 The BOPA is an eponym for a flag-like component attached superiorly to the upper member of an articulator; the technique incorporates Monson's spherical theory of occlusion to develop the occlusal plane; a compass is used to scribe two intersecting arcs with a 4′′ radius; centers of rotation are located at the canine cusp tip and the distobuccal cusp tip of the second molar; the point of bisection of the arcs that are scribed on the Broadrich analyzer determines the center of rotation for the arc with a 4′′ radius that determines the occlusal plane. Similarly, the Yurkstas metal occlusal template or the custom-made OPTs have also been described and successfully being used in restorative procedures to normalize the deranged occlusal plane.5–7,10,11 Single complete denture (SCD) is a challenging clinical situation when the opposing natural dentition is not in a normal plane of occlusion.12 In such situations, the malaligned, tilted, or supra-erupted teeth in the opposing arch must be corrected beforehand to achieve a balanced occlusion for the SCD and these devices5–11 provide vital guidelines in normalizing the occlusal plane. Nam et al.13 generated and measured the three-dimensional (3D) Monson's sphere and curve of Wilson using virtual dental models of 79 Korean young adults and found out that the radius of the curve of Monson's was greater than the original 4′′ value suggested by Monson. Similar studies have been carried out in Japanese14 and Indian15 populations and suggested that ethnic differences exist in the radius or diameter of Monson's sphere, and eventually the curve of Spee, and curve of Wilson. Even though it has been 100 years for the curve of Monson when it was first described in 1920,2 it is still popularly known, referred to, and used for prosthetic reconstruction and orthodontic treatments5–7,10,11,13 as well as in research studies.13–18 Further clinical studies are encouraged in this area to generate, measure, and analyze the occlusal curvatures including Monson's sphere, the curve of Spee, and the curve of Wilson especially using current advanced technologies and developments in digital dentistry.


Electron microscopic degeneration studies were carried out on the rat's interpeduncular nucleus following lesion on both habenular nuclei to clarify the morphological nature of their presynaptic endings involved in the habenulo-interpeduncular pathway. Two distinct types of interpeduncular neurons were observed: 30% of large neurons and 70% of small ones. Four types of boutons with many characteristics could be differentiated; small spherical vesicle-containing boutons (40%), large spherical vesicle-containing boutons (18%), pleomorphic vesicle-containing boutons (33%), and elongated vesicle-containg boutons (9%). Vesicle containing dendrites were observed as dendro-dendritic synapses and axo-axonal synapses were also found, though rarely. Two to four days after the lesion on both habenular nuclei, the small spherical vesicle-containing boutons were found almost exclusively in the process of degeneration, while the other types were entirely free of degeneration. Therefore, it is inferred that habenural neurons terminate in the interpeduncular nucleus as small spherical vesicle-containing boutons. The neuronal origin of the other bouton types is discussed.


As the prevalence of diabetes in America continues to climb, practitioners are faced with questions every day in their practices. Questions such as, "Can I eat cake now? When will this diet be over?"


In the work the effect of pressure and tension force to strangs ol cord at various structure specification (thicknessof interlaminar rubber, size ot overlapping of strings, an angle between strings in various layers, etc.) is analyzed. The received relations arc used at calculation oi intense condition of cylindrical rubber cord cases by the method of final elements, During analysis rational areas of overlapping of layers, thicknessof interlaminarmbber.thesizeofthelayerandolherstruclure parametersof rubber cord casesare obtained.


As a developed country and the fifth energy consume state in the world,the coal,oil,natural gas and nuclear energy are four pillars to Germany's economy. Though has achieved large success in optimizing energy structure and improving energy efficiency,Germany still has some energy problems need to be resolved,such as highly depended on energy input,nuclear power face politics pressure,renewable energy needs further development.


With the daily use of thousands of tires in the automotive industry to transport both cargo and people, Brazil disposed of around 90 million tires in 2019, of which only 4 million are disposed of properly (SEST SENAT, 2019). The country was at a critical level on the issue of discard them, in accordance with CONAMA Resolution n°.416/2002.In civil engineering, the used tire is reused as a material for the construction of ground type tire retaining walls. The following work consists in comparing the gabion-type retaining wall with that of soil and tire, through literature review and sizing of a gabion-type retaining wall where there is already a gabion type, aiming for adequate resistance. According to the results obtained, the ground tire wall meets the needto contain the landfill as the overall checks are satisfactory. However, it is advantageous to use the retaining wall tire as it represents significant economy and sustainable characteristics.


This article presents comments concerning the relationship between circumcision and heterosexual HIV transmission in developing countries. It is assumed that circumcision accounts for about half the disparity in heterosexual HIV rates between low frequency and high frequency non-circumcising countries and that some unidentified factors account for these large and continuing regional differences. Using available census figures and the 1998 HIV seroprevalence report it can be estimated that if male circumcision had not been a widespread practice HIV frequency would have reached at least 10% in the 11 West African countries. This estimate suggests that about 6 million additional adults would now be infected in the region and vertical transmission would have occurred in many children. Where the absence of circumcision is postulated as a factor driving the spread of HIV it can be estimated that an additional 2 million adults would now be infected with HIV in some Asian countries. Hence it is possible that 8 million or more adult HIV infections have been prevented by male circumcision in 15 African and Asian nations. It is suggested that male circumcision services should be made more widely available.


Th, Ta and Hf are refractory strong magmatophile elements. Because that the geochemical behavior of Th, Ta and Hf is similar during magmatic action, the ratios of Th, Ta and Hf could restore processes of mantle partial, magmatic fractional crystallization, mantle fractionation and so on. The Th/Hf and Ta/Hf ratios of basalts, especially primary one, reflect the differentiation of Th, Ta and Hf of its source region. In general, there is a close relationship between these characteristics and tectonic setting. Based on the ratios among Th, Ta and Hf of basalts formed from typical tectonic setting of the world, we propose a new tectonic identification scheme of basalts on the Th/Hf and Ta/Hf double logarithmic plot.


According to Market Intelligence & Consulting Institute (MIC), the gradual popularity of the Internet and on-line shopping causes Taiwan's online shopping market to grow by 20% annually. Moreover, the Dept. of Commerce, Ministry of Economic Affairs predicts that the yield of Taiwan's on-line shopping market will be up to NTD 1 trillion in 2015. Apparently, online shopping market is worth studying in every way. If a manager of e-Commerce website intends to be successful in the market, it is necessary for this individual to comprehend the key factors to increasing consumers' use of online shopping. In other words, the understanding of consumers' online shopping behavior will benefit the corporations and improve their competitiveness in the market. Therefore, this study is aimed at discussing the following three issues: 1.How does the perceived ease of use of online shopping and the perceived usefulness affect consumers' attitude toward online shopping respectively? 2.How does consumers' attitude toward online shopping affect their behavioral intention of online shopping? 3.How does subjective norms affect consumers' attitude toward online shopping and their behavioral intention of online shopping? After analyzing the data collected through questionnaire survey, this study concludes its results as follows: 1.In Taiwan's online shopping market, both the perceived ease of use and the perceived usefulness of online shopping have a significant impact on consumers' attitude toward online shopping. 2.In Taiwan's online shopping market, consumers' attitude toward online shopping has a positive and significant impact on their behavioral intention. 3.To consumers on the island, subjective norms have a positive impact on consumers' attitude toward online shopping and their behavioral intention.


In 2014 a number of important symbolic meetings were carried out in Mongolia. During the short period of time the leaders of the largest Eurasian states has visited Ulaanbaatar. This article focuses on two main partners of Mongolia, namely Russia and China. The visits of the leaders of these states to Mongolia in 2014 are studied in the material. These visits of Vladimir Putin and Xi Jinping to Mongolia played the crucial role in further course of the state development. Therefore the author analyzes the visits of V. Putin and Xi Jinping in the context of studying their intentions and agreements, memoranda.


Pedagogy and Medicine come together in the field of training, from action research. The European Higher Education Area (EHEA) has been an opportunity to rethink and design the clinical practices of Urology, according to the proposed principles, and which have been tried to respond, being this the main objective of the intervention. During the process, changes in the teaching of medical professionals and action research as a methodology favor the design of instruments and spaces for training, data collection, recording and subsequent evaluation of the training process. The results are oriented towards a global, personalized and responsible learning in the future professional practice. For teachers it implies a new organization of their subject, which allows them to obtain evidence of progress and training needs, while also facilitating the evaluation of content. At institutional level, the need for reflection and strengthening of the teaching work arises again.


Optical nonlinear neuron, as an essential implementation method for optical interconnection, could greatly promote the development of optical neuron networks, which appears to be a promising alternative to electronic neural networks that are limited by computing speed and the end of Moore's law. However, restricted by weak nonlinearities, the modulation performance of optical nonlinear neuron networks is much lower compared to their electronic counterparts. Therefore, an effectual all‐optical nonlinear neuron is proposed by combining a double‐ring resonator with field‐enhancement and metallic quantum wells (MQWs) with a large Kerr nonlinear response. Based on the large and ultrafast Kerr nonlinearity provided by MQWs, the device can achieve a modulation extinction ratio of 18.78 dB and a transition rate of 13 GW cm−2 per 3 dB. The work may provide a new route for integrated, ultrafast, and high‐efficient optical nonlinear neurons for on‐chip neuron networks.


The enterprise ecological culture is the enterprise based on the need of sustainable development,realize the harmonious development between man and nature of ideology.It is not only the important content of the enterprise culture,and is also the important embodiment of the competitive power of enterprise.For many years,In the development and production of masteel,explore and innovation enterprise ecological culture,Preliminary exploration a "green masteel" road of development,bring people a profound thinking.


In the course of experiments designed to study the effects of coronary artery ligation in dogs 1 it has been interesting to observe rather varied electrocardiographic changes and at this time a brief note is presented to describe some of the characteristic features observed. Seventeen dogs were used. Under amytal anesthesia, with respirations maintained by positive pressure, the pericardium was exposed by a subperiosteal resection of the anterior portion of the fourth rib on the left. The anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery was ligated 1.5 cm. from its origin. Using conventional limb leads, electrocardiographic tracings were taken at hourly intervals for the first 12 hours, again at 24 hours, at daily intervals for the next week, and at weekly intervals thereafter. In each instance a control tracing was taken before the operation was begun, the animal being under full amytal anesthesia at the time. Two dogs served as controls. The operative procedures were duplicated in every detail except the actual tying of the ligatures about the coronary artery. The changes noted consisted of (A) disturbances of rhythm and (B) changes in direction and configuration of the T, ST and RST components of the electrocardiogram. A. Disturbances of Rhythm. In 6 dogs ventricular fibrillation appeared as a terminal phenomenon within from 3 to 20 minutes following ligation. In a seventh dog ventricular fibrillation was noted approximately 23 hours after ligation. In this dog the ventricular fibrillation was transient, was followed successively by ectopic ventricular tachycardia, premature ventricular contractions, and finally by normal rhythm. Nodal and ventricular premature beats appeared in approximately half of the dogs at varying intervals after ligation—3 1/2 to 24 hours—with the greatest incidence of onset from 6 to 8 hours after ligation. Usually within an hour or 2 after the onset of premature contractions, an irregular, ectopic ventricular tachycardia set in. The appearance of ectopic ventricular tachycardia usually presaged death of the animal within 24 to 48 hours. In 2 instances, however, the animals survived, the rhythm later reverting to normal.


To be parents is a very complex evolutive task in which should be conjugated the reflec tion with the making of decisions in very different performance levels. It supposes to start a great variety (of registers that in many case are not given due the diversity of daily situa tions) and the people interveners. For this reason we have an increasing demand for help and advise.


Abstract Background Infections remain a frequent complication of patients (patients) with ventricular assist devices (VAD). We evaluated the epidemiology and outcomes of VAD infections at our center over a 10-year period. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of continuous-flow VAD recipients from July 2008-September 2018. VAD-specific and -related infections were characterized according to 2013 ISHLT definitions. Summary and comparative statistics were performed using IBM® SPSS Statistics version 25.0. Results 433 VADs were implanted into 375 patients. A total of 86 VAD infections occurred in 79 patients, with a mean incidence of 0.19 episodes/VAD and 0.20 episodes/pt. Patients with infections were predominantly male (73.3%) and Caucasian (54.6%), and had mean age of 52.7 years, nonischemic cardiomyopathy (58.1%), and VAD as bridge to transplant (53.5%, n = 46). Types of VAD included 43.0% axial (n = 37) and 57.0% centrifugal flow (n = 49). 78% of patients with infections were colonized with at least one multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) such as MRSA (29%), VRE (73%), and ESBL (24%). Notably, 15% of infections (n = 13) occurred within 60 d of VAD implantation, with mean time to onset 36 d (5–60 d) post-VAD. Early infections (<60d) involved driveline exit site (DLES) (n = 4), pocket (n = 3), and pump (n = 7) with 7 VAD-related blood stream infections (BSI), 6 infective endocarditis (IE), and 2 mediastinitis. Early infections involved Gram-positive (GP) bacteria (84.6%, n = 11), Gram-negatives (GN) (45.5%, n = 5), anaerobes (23.1%, n = 3), fungi (30.8%, n = 4), MDRO (61.5%, n = 8) and 32 pathogens (69.2%, n = 9). 85% of infections occurred late (n = 73) with mean time to onset 338 d (69–1215 d). In late infections (>60d), impacted sites included DLES (n = 38), pocket (n = 7), and pump (n = 40), with 42 BSI, 36 IE, and 2 mediastinitis. Pathogens were 68.5% GP (n = 50), 37.0% GN (n = 27), 2.7% anaerobes (n = 2), 2.7% fungi (n = 2), 17.8% MDRO (n = 13), and 26.0% polymicrobial (n = 19). Conclusion In this longitudinal retrospective cohort of patients supported with VADs, a majority of infections occurred >9 months post-implantation. GP pathogens predominated at all time-points. GN bacteria, including MDROs, anaerobes, and fungi are increasingly encountered. The vast majority of patients were colonized with ³1 MDRO during the course of VAD implantation. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


Ultrasonic fabrication of fiber reinforced plastics made from thermoplastic polymer films and carbon or glass fibers enables cycle times of a few seconds and requires investment costs of only some 10,000 €. Besides this, the raw materials can be stored at room temperature. A fiber content of 33 vol % and a tensile strength of approximately 1.2 GPa have been achieved by ultrasonic welding of nine layers of foils from polyamide, each 100 µm in thickness, and eight layers of carbon fibers, each 100 µm in thickness, in between. Besides unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite (CFRP) samples, multi-directional CFRP plates, 116 mm, 64 mm and 1.2 mm in length, width and thickness respectively, were fabricated by processing three layers of carbon fiber canvas, each 300 µm in thickness, and eight layers of polyamide foils, each 100 µm in thickness. Furthermore, both the discontinuous and the continuous ultrasonic fabrication processes are described and the results are presented in this paper. Large-scale production still needs to be demonstrated.


Objective To examine the muscarinic functional antagonism of isoprenaline-induced relaxation and the contribution of M2 receptor in human isolated bronchus. Methods By electrophysiology, the relaxation on the human isolated bronchus was obtained with isoprenaline and randomly divided ( n = 8 ) . Acetylcholine ( Ach ) and hista-mine were chosen as spasmogens to the airway smooth muscle since both are relevant mediators during allergic asthmatic attacks. Methoctramine was used as selective antagonist of M2 receptor. Results In the absence of methoc-tramine, the ACh (100 μmol/L) precontraction decreased the potency ( - logEC50 = -1.49 ±0. 16) and maximal relaxation of isoprenaline ( Emax inhibition = 30 % ) more than the same levels of histamine contraction. Methoctramine (1 μmol/L) reduced this antagonism in ACh- but not histamine-contracted tissues. After selective M3 receptor inactivation with 4-DAMP mustard (30 nmol/L) , the tissue relaxation induced by isoprenaline was also reduced in the presence of ACh 100 μmol/L, but methoctramine augmented the relaxation, suggesting the participation of M2 receptor in this functional antagonism. Conclusion These results indicate that muscarinic M2 receptor cause indirect contraction of human bronchus by reversing sympathetically mediated relaxation and contribute to cholinergic functional antagonism.


Segregated development. On 3 September 1969 M.C. Botha (the then South African Minister of Bantu-Administration and Development) delivered a speech on the political development of Bantu 'homelands'. According to Botha, segregated development (afsonderlike ontwikkeling) guaranteed each culture in South Africa independence and self-governance: it warranted that each could develop its own collision-free orbit in the constellation of peoples in southern Africa. Botha linked development to administration, and identified state with culture. Nevertheless, the centre around which each culture was supposed to orbit remained conspicuously absent in his speech: while the latter emphasised civility (burgerskap) it also, implicitly, denied the rights associated with citizenship to the majority of the South (West) African population (see Mamdani 1996).


The development of complex measurements systems requires interdisciplinary groups with complementary backgrounds in diverse fields. The integration of the complementary subsystems into full equipment must be done taking into account the interfaces between each discipline. In this paper we present the work integration in fields such as physics, chemistry and engineering for supporting the development of biosensors devices based on opto-nano-mechanical transductors. We will explain, after a brief introduction how biosensors based on opto-mechanical transducers work, the different parts of the system, such as mechanical parts, fluidics, data acquisition and control algorithmic. Finally we will show the results of the system verification


In view of the problems existing in China's fault recorders such as discontinuous recording data,single functions and difficult analysis,a fault recording and monitoring system based on multi-processor synchronous control is studied.The execution time of each processor and interface speed between modules are calculated.An overall planning method is given to process fault data with high priority while considering the task with lower priority at the same time.By synchronously controlling the logic switching between the module internal and interface tasks and reserving certain time margins,the integrity and continuity of recorded files and the accuracy in recording data can be ensured.By implementing parallel multi-function processing of the fault recording system,long-term effective monitoring of the power grid can be carried out.


Our contemporary culture is marked by a predominance of postmodern thinking that claims an end of the great narratives and strongly supports a plurality and relativity of opinions and convictions about which no rational decision can be made in principle; even rational discourses between these opinions and convictions seem to be impossible, or at least, very difficult. If such a view is correct, any meaningful dialogue between theology and science would be practically impossible, and even more, the claims made by theology or science would be valid only in a very restricted area of applicability. But is it not an essential part of the endeavour of theology and science each to make truth claims which are universally valid, and are not theology and science each based on great narratives, theology, for example, on the great narrative of the relationship between God and his beloved people, science, for example, on the great narrative of the process of evolution? (And, furthermore, could not postmodern thinking itself be regarded as a "great narrative"?) Hence, a careful reflection of the arguments of postmodern plurality and relativity is necessary, especially with regard to the possibility and the validity of truth claims. Such a critical reflection of postmodern thinking will open up ways to discuss the problem of truth claims and their scope within both theology and science. From this, an argument on how a serious dialogue between theology and science is possible will begin to take shape in a culture marked by postmodern thinking.


Design of workplaces that include human–machine systems and manual material handling should consider both the productivity of workers and the risk of injury. In this study, a simulation-based optimization methodology for a manual material handling task design was developed. A new formulation of the optimization problem is presented, whose objective is to maximize worker productivity and at the same time not to exceed ergonomic thresholds (which represent injury-risk measures). The workplace and work process were simulated using digital human modeling software (Jack), and the best design was found using a genetic algorithm. The results show that the new formulation of the optimization problem improved the predicted productivity by 105%, compared to the formulation used in previous studies that used a multi-objective function. Meanwhile, the risk of injury did not exceed ergonomic thresholds.


This paper proposes cybersecurity features in the National e-Learning policy. Cybersecurity in the learning environment is becoming an issue that has been considered by the community. DePAN 1.0 and DePAN 2.0 policies have not been carefully planned in any related security concerns. Amongst security domains in elearning are authentication and accountability, access control, and non-repudiation issues. However, as the functionality of e-learning is expanding, information must be actively protected in this bigger context to avoid the loss of its confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Therefore, the existing policy and guidelines on elearning have been studied thoroughly. A very feasible study has been conducted on the existing literature and related works to e-learning and e-learning. The security threats are also reviewed in this paper. Based on the established e-Learning policy, therefore, the proposed security features are namely (CSF1) authentication and accountability, (CSF2) access control, (CSF3) protection of communication, and (CSF4) non-repudiation issues. The findings from this study can be added to the implementation of e-learning in the future.


Over the past year, two economists— Michael Podgursky, currently Middlebush Professor and Chairman in the Department of Economics at the University of MissouriColumbia, and Lawrence Mishel, President of the Economic Policy Institute in Washington, D.C.—have been debating whether or not teachers are adequately paid, at least compared to other professionals with comparable training. The debate heated up with an article that Podgursky wrote for Education Next in 2003, entitled "Fringe Benefits" (http://www.educationnext. org/20033/71.html), in which he argued that when one took into account teachers' shorter work year and workday, their average hourly pay was greater than that of comparable professionals. Podgursky also asserted that the most useful standard of comparison for public school teacher salaries--the salaries of private school teachers--was inexcusably left out of studies conducted by teachers' unions.


Mobile applications are popularly known as apps. Energy and battery-life are critical factors that enable the development and sustainability of apps on mobile devices. Application software developers need to consider the minimization of energy consumption along with the development and deployment of applications. Intelligent software engineering practices and tools are needed in order to assist developers in energy management of Android application development. This article proposes a rule-engine driven framework for estimating the energy consumption of an Android application by using program analysis of the source code. The basis of this framework is to provide the developer with a notion of which part of the application source code consumes considerable energy, and what alternatives could be used to replace it without changing its core functionality. It presents metrics at the overall, event and source code level, allowing application developers to optimize their applications early in the software development cycle.


We introduce a notion of Denjoy sub-system that generalizes the one of Aubry-Mather set. For such systems, we prove a result similar to Denjoy theorem (non-existence of C Denjoy sub-systems), and study their Lyapunov exponents. To cite this article: M.-C. Arnaud, P. Le Calvez, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 340 (2005).


States with a half-integer fermion number occur when a fermionic field coupled to a soliton possesses a zero mode. This paper spells out the circumstances under which one can retain an integer fermion number as also a charge-conjugation-invariant ground state. It is necessary to make the representation reducible but it is kept irreducible by introducing an additional operator.


The strain Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum, possessing hydrocarbon-oxidizing ability was evolved from the tests of water of Northern Caspian Sea in the region of the oil field exploring. Destructive activity of the strain against hydrocarbon of the oils and oil products makes 54,5-96,0 %. The patent is received for invention, intended for use in ecological biotechnology, microbiology at development of the ways of biological clearing of water ecological systems from oil-pollution and oil product. The strain is deposited in the All-Russia collection of industrial microorganisms.


Sir,

During routine dissection of a 60-year-old male cadaver in the Anatomy department, multiple neuro-muscular anomalies in the left arm were noted. The biceps brachii had an accessory head originating from the anteromedial surface of the middle of shaft of humerus. These muscle fibers inserted into the bicipital tendon from the medial aspect. The median nerve gave a variant high branch in the middle of the arm. The musculocutaneous nerve pierced the coracobrachialis, gave branches to the long and short heads and terminated in the accessory head of the biceps. Two communicating rami were seen between the terminal part of the musculocutaneous nerve and the high branch of the median nerve, located 18 and 19 cm from the corocoid process, respectively. These communications pierced the fibers of the accessory head [Figure 1]. The branch of the median nerve in the arm received the communicating branches from the musculocutaneous nerve, supplied the brachialis and continued as the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm [Figure 2].

Figure 1

Dissection of the left arm. Note the median nerve (MN) giving an accessory branch (Ma) in the arm. The musculocutaneous nerve (McN) is seen piercing coracobrachialis (Cb) and giving a branch to supply the short (Bs) and long heads (Bl) of biceps brachii. ...

Figure 2

View of dissected left axilla, arm and upper forearm. Notice how accessory branch (Ma) of the median nerve (MN) continues as the lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm (LCF) after supplying the brachialis (B). Sc-coracoid process of scapula; UN-ulnar nerve; ...

Variations in the innervation of the flexors of the arm include absence of the musculocutaneous nerve wherein the flexors are supplied by the median nerve;[1] the musculocutaneous nerve supplying coracobrachialis and then joining the median nerve;[2] or communications between the two nerves without change in innervation of the flexors.[3] Differences in innervation are often associated with the presence of accessory head of biceps brachii.[4] One report described a proximal nerve supplying the coracobrachialis and the long and short heads of biceps brachii, while a distal branch from the median nerve supplied the third head of biceps brachii and brachialis, and continued as the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm.[5] This differs from the present case in the innervation of the third head of biceps brachii as well as the absence of communications between the two nerves. Knowledge of these variations is important while evaluating neurological deficits. High injuries to the median nerve could result in an unusual pattern of motor and sensory deficit including weaker flexion at the elbow and hyposthesia of the lateral aspect of the forearm. Similarly, injury to the musculocutaneous nerve may not present with the typically expected deficits. It is also important for surgeons to keep in mind the possibility of an aberrant high branch of median nerve while operating in the arm. The communicating branches, in this case, were found within the substance of the accessory head of biceps. This could potentially result in entrapment neuropathy.

In conclusion, for the first time, in a case of communication between the median and musculocutaneous nerves, we report the communications lying within the substance of the accessory head of biceps brachii. The median nerve gave a high branch in the arm and the distribution of the median nerve was variant, taking over part of the normal distribution of the musculocutaneous nerve. Knowledge of variations in innervation is important in clinical evaluation of peripheral nerve injuries as well as exploratory surgeries in the arm.


An extensive body of research in international business (IB) theoretically and empirically examines factors that determine international location decisions of multinational companies (MNCs). Most of this research, however, does not address the heterogeneity observed in the locations choices of MNCs. Specifically, why do some firms make more novel location choices vis-a-vis others? This conceptual paper seeks to answer this question by examining the role of top management team's (TMT) task-related experiences and characteristics in shaping these strategic decisions. Combining insights from upper echelons (UE) and faultlines theories, we develop a framework to explore how TMT level task-related faultlines impact the novelty of international location decisions of MNCs. Moreover, we also examine how power dynamics across subgroups arising from these faultlines influence the relationship between faultline strength and novelty of locations. In doing so, we identify contextual conditions under which TMT level ch...


We studied the effect of a prenatal and/or postnatal Western-like diet high in fat, refined sugar, and cholesterol on long-term feed intake and growth of piglets. Thirty-two sows and their offspring were allocated to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a 2×2 factorial design, with 8-week prenatal and 8-week postnatal exposure to a Western-like diet or control diets as factors. From weaning onwards, 4-weekold piglets were housed in groups (n=8) of 3 littermates and fed ad libitum. From the end of the dietary treatment onwards, all piglets were fed a standard commercial diet, and followed for 8 weeks. Piglets exposed to the prenatal Western diet were heavier at weaning than controls. Piglets fed the postnatal Western diet weighed less than controls at the end of the treatment and 8 weeks later. From weaning to the end of the treatment, piglets fed the postnatal Western diet had a lower average daily gain (ADG), gain:feed (G:F) and average daily feed intake (ADFI), but a higher energy intake than controls. During the 8 weeks following the end of the treatment, piglets fed the postnatal Western diet had a 20% decrease in ADFI, but only a 7% decrease in ADG, resulting in a higher G:F. Thus, feeding a high-sugar high-fat diet for only 8-week post-partum can drastically reduce feed intake,and improve feed efficiency in later life.


Abstract This research developed a method to explore density and growth rates in the 50 largest metropolitan areas in the United States. The outcomes of this method enable planners to understand the growth pattern of a region and compare it with other regions in the country. The main objectives of this research were: (1) to identify settlement types (high, medium and low density, suburbs, and urban fringes) in each metropolitan area; (2) to depict and compare general metropolitan structures across the nation; and (3) to evaluate the location of recently developed dwellings in relation to settlement types and structures and estimate growth trends. The paper combined the percentage of impervious surface raster dataset (30-m cell size) produced by the US Geological Survey (USGS) and block-level housing unit data produced by the Census Bureau to map housing density across the lower 48 states in 2000 and 2010. Neighbourhood density profiles were used to identify the settlement types (high, medium and low density, suburbs, and urban fringes). The paper then compared density-decay functions of 50 metropolitan areas to depict urban growth patterns and to quantify the number of housing units developed in each settlement type. This method effectively distinguishes regions with higher densification (infill development) rates versus regions with high-paced sprawl. The results showed that Los Angeles, New York and San Francisco metropolitan areas had high percentages of housing units developed in high-density areas between 2000 and 2010, while during the same period Birmingham, Nashville and Charlotte had high percentages of housing development in areas identified as suburbs.


From my perspective, one of the more distressing aspects of the past fifteen years is the evolution of data communications and distributed computing into distinct and somewhat disconnected disciplines. It is getting to the point where researchers in each discipline often don't really understand what is going on in the other discipline, even though the two disciplines are logically tightly linked to one another.
In this talk I'll explore why I think the disconnection occurred (I'll argue it was due to Fear, Uncertainty and Doubt), why I think it matters (we are each consumers of each other's work), and what (if anything) we can do to increase communications (no pun intended!) between the two disciplines.
While this may sound like the typical old fuddy-duddy talk, I'm going to give it a very technical spin. I will focus on key technical breakthroughs in data communications and distributed computing and examine how they have either not been communicated or have insufficiently communicated to the other field. My hope is that you'll feel you learned something by listening to me, even if you disagree with the thesis of my talk.


Proposed as a multifunctional additive for heavy, sour fuel oil use carbonate sludge formed during the preparation of feed water for power plants. Consider the properties of additives and its effect on the operational properties of fuel oil. Estimated preliminary cost-effectiveness of the proposed additives.


The anchorage structure is a complex bearing system with undetermined failure modes. According to component characteristics, the segmented diagram for the bearing characteristics and the bearing structure at the anchorage segment were established. In addition, we described the failure patterns of the subsystems of the anchorage structure and further established the series model for the reinforced system by bolts. Moreover, according to the total displacement and the time-dependent deformation characteristics of the bolt, a non-linear creep model to analyze the viscoplastic deformation characteristics of the M-C element was established. Furthermore, considering the shear strength of the anchored soil, it was assumed that the cohesion and the internal friction angle were random variables following the Weibull distribution. Using the modified first-order second-moment method (the JC method), the analytic expression of the time-dependent index of the anchorage system was obtained. An example showed that the variable coefficients of the cohesion and the internal friction angle were exponentially and linearly related to the reliability index, respectively. Simultaneously, the reliability index was exponentially related to time.


Energy poverty due to rising energy demand is a matter of global concern. Therefore, examination of the causes of energy poverty and development of effective solutions are urgent concerns. Using survey data on livelihood development in Tibetan farming and pastoral areas in 2019, this study applied logistic and ordinary least squares models to empirically investigate the factors that influence energy poverty in Tibet. We found that energy poverty is (1) unrelated to age, gender, education, marital status, political and village cadre experience, planting, or expenditures related to religious activities; (2) negatively correlated with migrant work, village status, household income, and traffic conditions; (3) positively correlated with employment, area, and breeding; and (4) both positively and negatively affected by family residence altitude. The results offer new insights and empirical evidence for the identification and elimination of energy poverty, improving livelihoods, and promoting rural revitalisation in Tibet.


Sensor networks are already being used in a wide range of application domains such as environment, medical, military and transportation etc. Along with the widespread use of sensor networks, the data management becomes important. This paper proposes a distributed data management system of heterogeneous sensor networks which integrates data processing, visualization and performance measurement. The system uses dynamic data collection and distributed data storage methods which can reduce the energy cost. And the protocol independent message communication mechanism enables developers to reuse the system to any other underlying routing protocols. Finally, the adoption of distributed and hierarchical architecture makes the system scalable and convenient to deploy.


As a method for web publication,SVG has the characteristic of expansibility and interaction. It is a new path to introduce SVG into web application of power system. This paper introduces basic method of applying SVG to Web application in power system, and describes the frame work..SVG technique can meet the requirement of web publication and it will get more extensive application in power system..


The diagnosis of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis has proved to be a dilemma in surgical and medical clinic and laboratory medicine. The correct diagnosis is critical because co-infection with Aspergillus in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia leads to Acute Respiratory Discomfort Syndrome (SDRA). As specific protocols have not yet been produced for COVID-19, those used for the diagnosis of influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis have been adapted with the criteria of the Consortium formed by European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) and Mycoses Study Group of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the United States (MSG) and the criteria for patients hospitalized in the ICU (AspICU). The establishment of definitions for the classification of patients with COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis to management and treatment represents an important challenge.


This paper presents a supplementary controller design for the state-of-the-art Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) facility in New York State (NYS) power grid from a completely measurement based perspective. We first carry out coherency analysis using measurements from multiple offline contingency simulations, and obtain coherent areas using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Thereafter, we choose all the buses containing Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) from each coherent zone, and use bus measurements to identify a highly reduced-order state space model of the grid using Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (ERA) such that it retains dominant inter-area modes and matches the input-output characteristics. We use this model to design a Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) based optimal controller for FACTS-based actuator. The closed-loop response is simulated using PSS/E model of the Eastern Interconnection (EI). Effectiveness of the control performance is verified by non-linear simulations under different contingency scenarios specified by New York Independent System Operator (NYISO).


Using the broaden-and-build theory as an organizing framework, we hypothesized and tested a model that provides evidence for the role of positivity in global leader competence. We found that positive psychological capital (PsyCap) mediates the relationship between global mindset and three relevant global leader competencies: nonjudgmentalness, inquisitiveness, and performance. PsyCap partially mediates the relationship between cognitive complexity and nonjudgmentalness and fully mediates the relationship between cosmopolitanism and inquisitiveness. Cognitive complexity and nonjudgmentalness both have direct relationships with performance. We include implications for global leadership selection, training, and development and future directions for PsyCap research in relation to global mindset.


This paper presents the application of a real-time electromagnetic target classifl- cation technique to recognize dispersive dielectric objects with varying loss characteristics. The suggested classifler design technique is operative at the resonance region and is based on the use of Singularity Expansion Method (SEM) to represent a given electromagnetic scatterer by its natural response. A multi-aspect database of wide band scattered signals are processed to extract target features with the ultimate aim of target characterization in an aspect invariant manner. The Wigner distribution (WD), a quadratic time-frequency transformation, is used to extract pole-related feature vectors from non-stationary scattered signals. The Principal Components Analysis (PCA) is further used to fuse multi-aspect feature vectors to obtain a single unifled feature vector for each library object. A suitable late-time design interval needs to be chosen to obtain fused features with minimized aspect sensitivity that is a vital requirement for improved classifler accuracy. Electromagnetic object recognition is a challenging problem due to the aspect and polarization dependent nature of scattered electromagnetic signals. The Singularity Expansion Method (SEM), originally established in 1970's by C.E. Baum, is a well-known modeling tool used to represent the late-time portion of the scattered electromagnetic response waveforms. These aspect and polariza- tion dependent late-time signals are basically composed of the superposition of damped sinusoidal signals oscillating at the complex natural resonance (CNR) frequencies of the object. The CNR frequencies are the poles of the object's system function in complex frequency domain (1). Collec- tion of these poles can describe the related flnite-size object uniquely in an aspect and polarization independent manner as they are determined by the size, shape and material properties of a given object. As the extraction of poles from measured late-time scattered data is highly susceptible to noise, use of alternative indirect feature extraction techniques is found more feasible. This paper is based on the recently suggested WD-PCA method (2,3) where the extracted object features describe the spectral content of natural response over a properly chosen late-time interval. This technique makes use of the Wigner-Ville Distribution (WD), a quadratic time-frequency transfor- mation, to extract pole-related object features at each available aspect/polarization combination. Then, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used for data reduction and feature fusion. In WD-PCA method, electromagnetic scattered data measured or simulated at only a few difierent aspects would be enough to design the classifler for a library of preselected objects. Each library object is represented in the classifler's feature database by a single fused feature vector with min- imized aspect variance. In the real-time object recognition phase, on the other hand, a scattered signal received at an arbitrary and unknown aspect would be su-cient to classify the test object. In literature, the WD-PCA technique has been successfully applied so far to recognize perfect conduc- tor, perfect dielectric or dielectric coated conducting objects (2{4). In this paper, this technique will be demonstrated for the flrst time in literature for objects made of dispersive and lossy dielectric materials.


The influence of chloride on the corrosion behaviour of steel in concrete and the service life prediction of reinforced concrete are discussed.


Abstract : The research summarized concerns the utilization of chromophore fluorescence in resolving (sorting out) binding sites of a protein, when more than one site is present on the protein. It showed that brilliant fluorescence of a compound, N-methyl-2-anilino-6 naphthaline sulfonic acid (2,6-MANS), is produced upon binding to a protein. (Author)


Objective To study the clinical characteristics of fungal species,therapy and prevention of fungal septicemia.in general surgery department.Methods A retrospective analysis of predisposing factors,distribution of fungi, treatment and outcome of 94 patients with fungal septicemia from March 2001 to December 2005 was done.Results The most frequent predisposing factors were the use of broad spectrum antibiotics,indwelling central intravenous catheter,total parenteral nutrition,admission to intensive care unit.94 strains of fungal isolated from 94 patients.Candida was the predominantly pathogenic organism.Non-Candida.albicans species were the most frequently isolated strains.Thirty-seven cases were dead among the 94 cases being treated with antifungal drugs.Conclusion Fungal septicemia usually occurred in severe intra abdominal infectious patients.Non Candida albicans species are the major pathogens.Removing predisposing factors,isolation of pathogens,antibiotic susceptibility testing and correct choice of antifungal agents and enteral nutrition in high risk patients are important measurements to reduce the incidence and mortality of fungal septicemia.


Lung cancer is one of the most dangerous cancer's type in the world. Early detection can save the life and survivability of the patients. In this paper we want to propose a solution in the direction of lung cancer symptom detection. In this paper we proposed a new algorithm that is support based ant colony optimization technique (SPACO). Our algorithm is broadly divided into three parts, in the first part we accept the data set of cancer symptoms which is a generalized way for creating the patterns for Lung Cancer Framework, and in the second part we find the relevant data from the patterns. We can choose the frequent symptoms only by using the support count value. According to the support value we decide the ants and pheromone value. We initialize the pheromone value which is the support of the pattern of cancer symptoms. It is updated in each trial. By updating the pheromone value in each step we can check the symptom quality which either increases the prediction or decreases the prediction. Finally by result analysis we can prove the effectiveness of our algorithm.


When the only available information is the true presence of a species at few locations of a study area we refer to the data as presence-only data. Presence-only data problem can be seen as a missing data problem with asymmetric and partial information on a presence-absence process. This problem often characterizes ecological studies requiring the prediction of potential spatial extent of a species in suitable areas. Here we propose a Bayesian logistic spatial model adapted to presence-only data with environmental covariates available over the entire area. The spatial dependence among the observations is modelled indirectly as a latent Gaussian Markov field over the landscape, through a data augmentation MCMC algorithm we are able to estimate regression parameters jointly with the prevalence.


Despite access to reliable information being essential for equal opportunities in our society, current school curricula only include some notions about media literacy in a limited context. Thus, it is necessary to create scenarios for reflection on and a well-founded analysis of misinformation. Video games may be an effective approach to foster these skills and can seamlessly integrate learning content into their design, enabling achieving multiple learning outcomes and building competencies that can transfer to real-life situations. We analyzed 24 video games about media literacy by studying their content, design, and characteristics that may affect their implementation in learning settings. Even though not all learning outcomes considered were equally addressed, the results show that media literacy video games currently on the market could be used as effective tools to achieve critical learning goals and may allow users to understand, practice, and implement skills to fight misinformation, regardless of their complexity in terms of game mechanics. However, we detected that certain characteristics of video games may affect their implementation in learning environments, such as their availability, estimated playing time, approach, or whether they include real or fictional worlds, variables that should be further considered by both developers and educators.


Rubber, a major plantation crop in Sri Lanka, provides multiple advantages to the growers and to the country. Although smallholder farmers tend to grow rubber within their different sets of priorities, rubber cultivations of the plantation companies are met for profit maximization. Some planters demand shorter rotational age for rubber instead of presently recommended 30 years without any compromise in overall income. Either increase in harvesting intensity or use of yield stimulants is to be advocated in such effort however there are practical limitations in doing so. With that background, the present study was aimed to assess the financial viability of reducing the rotational age of rubber under three principal ways of intensified harvesting systems. (1) intensified harvesting throughout the harvesting period (total period) to obtain a part or full amount of yield lost due to shortening the rotational age (IHTP), (2) intensified harvesting only during last 6 years on a standard basis (IH6y) and (3) intensified harvesting at last ¼ of harvesting period (IH¼P). Within IHTP, there were eight scenarios for different levels of intensified harvesting for higher yield, i.e. from 0% to a maximum of 50% of the expected yield loss due to shortening the lifespan is obtained throughout the tapping period in addition to the normal yield. Net Present Value, Benefit Cost Ratio and Internal Rate of Return were the assessment criteria used in financial analyses. The few intensified systems in reducing the rotational age were found to be financially worthwhile if biologically sustainable. Among the systems which require obtaining higher yields throughout the harvesting period (IHTP), 15% yield recovery (Y15%) could be effectively applied with 23 year rotational age and 25% yield recovery (Y25%) with even 18 year rotational age. The rotational age of 22 years appeared to be the best for either method of intensified harvesting towards the end of harvesting period (i.e. for IH6Y and IH1/4P). With different options, rubber growers could select a suitable system to match their requirement.


The advent of distributed computing and mobile clouds made it possible to transfer and distribute the heavy processes of complex workflows to the cloud. Managing and with the help of the mobile cloud, virtualization and shared resources managing the executing large-scale workflows is possible. Since virtual resources are used, scheduling and resource allocation are important and key research topics in public cloud environment and mobile clouds. The cloud model of mobile devices with public or virtual cloud, which consists of temporary mobile devices, is an interesting topic to be investigated. Workflow scheduling and availability of resources in mobile clouds by high mobility and Energy efficient, it is one of the challenges and problems that must be investigated one of the main challenges in this research area. The purpose of scheduling algorithms is to improve service quality criteria by observing the constraints. In this article, the main goal is to extensively review the scheduling algorithms for the complex scientific workflow in public and mobile clouds. Furthermore, a review of the use of heuristic and meta-heuristic techniques in dynamic and static states, with various constraints for task scheduling in cloud and mobile computing has been performed. This article accomplishes a review of using existing techniques for scheduling tasks in mobile clouds. We also present a comprehensive analysis and systematic comparison between these scheduling algorithms.


Plant architecture is established through the continuous activity of ingenious genetic networks, Although extensive progress has been made towards the elucidation of genetic mechanisms controlling plant development using Arabidopsis,a model plant, little is known about the development of grass species at molecular level, We


This paper will discuss an approach and solution to effective used software automation to improve productivity and product quality in all TI assembly plants. The project team include members from United States, Malaysia, Philippine, Republic of China, Mexico and Japan. As ONE IT team, project members developed this system and fan-out the software to their respective plant. With developers from many countries, a good project management is a must to execute the plan. The team used weekly teleconference and net-meeting to update the status and discuss any obstacles facing by each member, until the success of the project.


Is the Chilean municipality an agent of social development of its district? How is it organized to carry out this endeavor? What are the actual styles of Municipal management? What are the characteristics of local social planning? Fieldwork done between 1986 and 1987 in thirteen municipalities that concentrate the poorer areas of Santiago, aimed to find an answered to these and other similar questions. The article describes this research and highlights its main results emphasizing the weakness of Chilean local government as an agent of social development.


Please cite this paper as: Drummond and Tom (2011). How Can We Tell If Frogs Jump Further? Microcirculation 18(6), 512–515.


This article explores the efficacy of weekly psychodynamic group music therapy with those with chronic mental illness in a Therapeutic Community setting. An exploration of the author's general theoretical standpoint acts as the context for a discussion of the group in question and the specific approach that has evolved over four years' work. The group's use of the music therapy process is examined in the light of a single session, and its underlying processes are further explored in relation to Wilfred Bion's theory of K and minus K (Bion 1967). The music therapy is viewed essentially as providing a space for emotional communication and resonance to a group whose members are all severely isolated, silent and cut off.


The wake characteristics of a hill-top wind turbine are investigated by means of large-eddy simulations (LESs) of stably stratified atmospheric boundary-layer (ABL) flows. All simulations are conducted with synchronized turbulent inflow data retrieved from an LES of diurnal cycle-driven boundary-layer flow over homogeneous surface. An investigation of different (weak, moderate, strong) stably stratified flow regimes passing over various 3D hill configurations with heights up to 50 m reveals that the occurrence of flow separation not only depends on hill properties but also on the atmospheric stratification. The hill-top wake characteristics of all flow regimes are compared with wakes resulting from the same flow fields passing through the same wind turbine, however, sited on a homogeneous surface. For the same atmospheric stratification the flow over the hill impacts only the near-wake region. In contrast, the stratification impact on the hill-top wind-turbine wake is much more distinct, especially, in the far wake.


The Long Term Plan published in 2019 by National Health Service (NHS) England commits to better care, by urging the application of technology and digital solutions in the future of diabetes treatment (1). Digital self-management programmes are becoming increasingly popular as a supplement resource to face-to-face diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) programmes, showing the potential to improve biomedical outcomes such as HbA1c (2, 3). However, evidence on psychological outcomes remains limited (4).


Subject
 The outlook for Fiji ahead of a general election later this year.

 Significance
 Fiji's 2018 election (date yet to be announced) is the second since its last military coup in 2006. At the last polls, in 2014, military commander-turned-civilian prime minister Frank Bainimarama won an absolute majority, obtaining 32 of the 50 seats. This time, he will face a new opposition leader, Sitiveni Rabuka, who is also a former army chief, former prime minister and leader of an earlier coup. Despite the transition to democracy, Bainimarama's government has retained its authoritarian proclivities.

 Impacts
 Violent unrest is unlikely; Bainimarama's hold over the military is strong and the authorities would quickly quell any uprising.
 Australia has accepted Bainimarama's semi-authoritarian regime reluctantly, but now sees it as offering stability.
 Businesses support continuity in government, but are frustrated by frequent regulatory changes and some hostility to foreign-owned firms.
 The sugar industry's protracted decline will continue, accentuated by Brexit (the UK is a crucial market) and the end of subsidies.


R enal medulla carcinoma is a recently described rare, aggressive tumor of the kidney occurring in patients younger than those in whom renal cell carcinoma occurs. To our knowledge, renal medulla carcinoma has been reported only in individuals of African descent carrying the sickle cell trait or afflicted by hemoglobin SC disease [1, 2]. We report what is, to our knowledge, the first case of renal medulla carcinoma occurring in a white child without a history of sickle cell disease or trait.


The article reviews the book "Educational Equality," second edition, edited by Harry Brighouse, James Tooley, Kenneth Howe and Graham Haydon.


The combination of meprobamate and diphenhydramine increased tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the rat nucleus locus coeruleus after twice daily injections, whereas neither compound alone had an effect. Increased activity occurred using a variety of medication ratios and absolute doses.


The present study was conducted to evaluate the response of adenoidal T cells and B cells in the production of immunoglobulins. There appears to be a consistent inability of adenoidal T cells to turn on B cells to mature into immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells. This phenomenon did not appear to be due to suppressor activity of adenoidal T cells because T cells from other sources appeared to effectively result in adenoidal B cell maturation, even in the presence of adenoidal T cells. Both tonsils and adenoids appear to have defective IL-2 production, in response to both mitogens and specific antigens. It is hypothesized that a cytokine(s) may be released in adenoids that downregulate IL-2 production and result in immune suppression in the adenoids of children with recurrent otitis media and chronic sinusitis.


This thesis offers the first detailed assessment of an event that has hitherto been consigned to the margins of the literature on devolution and territorial reform in the United Kingdom, the Conference on Devolution, 1919-1920. Sitting between October 1919 and April 1920, the Conference on Devolution was arguably one of the two moments in the UK's constitutional history when the territorial constitution was approached in a holistic fashion by policy makers and political elites (the other occasion being the Royal Commission on the Constitution, 1969-1973).

The primary aim of this thesis is to provide the first detailed analysis of the Conference on Devolution, to develop a fuller understanding of why it was established, what it debated and why it failed. Secondary to that objective, this thesis will also assess what relevance the Conference has for students of territorial governance in the UK today, at a time when the UK's constitution is in flux. In pursuit of these objectives, the thesis utilises the ideas and insights on territorial governance of James Bulpitt and James Mitchell, alongside an extensive catalogue of archival evidence, including the previously unstudied (in the context of the Conference on Devolution) personal papers of the Conference's Secretary, Gilbert Campion.

Using this methodology and archival sources, the thesis offers a considerable revision to previous understandings of the Conference on Devolution. It demonstrates that the Conference's fatal disagreement on how the devolved legislatures should be composed, was not, as has been previously portrayed, just a disagreement at the latter stages of the Conference's work, but was instead a cleavage that undercut the entirety of the Conference on Devolution. Finally, the thesis highlights the clear resonance between the issues deliberated by the Conference and many of today's territorial governance debates.


The summer and fall 2010 conference seasons provide ample opportunities to attend conferences that feature topics relevant to antibody research and development (R&D). Meetings such as these serve critical informational and educational functions, and are key networking opportunities. Locations are spread throughout the world, reflecting the global nature of antibody R&D.


In order to solve the problems of traditional teaching cases,teaching courses in ASP.NET,takes the software product development work process as the guidance,chooses related professional situation,takes the project as the carrier teaching practice,manifests the project development and the implementation complete work process fully,realizes teaching based on the software product performance,makes the student to have the standardized software development ability and software serviceability,builds ASP.NET curriculum system based on the software product development process.


Dried specimen of Viola lutea Huds. (Violaceae).
Locality: Deer Forest of Canlochen, Forfar, Scotland.
Collection date: July, 1846.
Page in supplementary volume: 2
Page with description in main volume: 21.
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Dried specimen of Viola lutea var. amoena (Violaceae).
Current name: Viola lutea Huds.
Locality: Deer Forest of Canlochen, Forfar, Scotland.
Collection date: July, 1846.
Page in supplementary volume: 2
Page with description in main volume: 21.
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Dried specimen of Silene conica L. (Caryophyllaceae).
Locality: Montrose links, Forfar, Scotland.
Collection date: June, 1847.
Page in supplementary volume: 2.
Page with description in main volume: 27.
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Dried specimen of Cerastium semidecandrum L. (Caryophyllaceae).
Locality: Sands of Barrie, Forfar, Scotland.
Collection date: April, 1846.
Page in supplementary volume: 2. Page with description in main volume: 32.
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Two dried specimens of Parnassia palustris L. (Celastraceae).
Locality: Sands of Barrie, Forfar, Scotland.
Collection date: September, 1846.
Page in supplementary volume: 2. Page with description in main volume: 38-39.


Herein, DC magnetization measurements of high‐quality single crystals of optimally doped YBa2Cu3O7−δ(YBCO) superconductor are reported on. The temperature and orientation dependence of the magnetic penetration depth λ(T,θ) for single‐crystal YBCO is estimated from the slope of the linear M(lnH) dependence in the London regime. The penetration depth is strongly anisotropic. Also, the electrical resistivity as a function of temperature in YBCO thin film deposited by laser ablation on the SrTiO3 substrate face is investigated around the superconducting transition region under various values of the magnetic field up to 14 T. In this work, based on the resistivity measurements, the upper critical magnetic field for both directions B∥c‐axis and B⊥c‐axis is determined with a DC weak transport current density by using 90% criteria of the normal‐state resistivity value. According to the relations Bc2∥c=ϕ02πξ∥2 and Bc2⊥c=ϕ02πξ∥ξ⊥ , the coherence length ξ∥ (0) and ξ⊥ (0) is determined, where ϕ0 is the magnetic flux quantum. The anisotropy parameter is calculated and analyzed within the frame of Ginzburg–Landau theory. This result indicates that anisotropy is more evident in YBCO.


The trend of teaching contents and curriculum reform of 21st century is focused on the development of practice and application.In this paper,the necessity of introducing mathematic experiment into mathematical teaching was explored by combing the teaching practice.


Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an immunologically driven chronic inflammatory disease primarily involving the synovial l i g of joints but often associated with extra-articular manifestations, emphasizing that RA is a systemic disease. Crucial questions regarding the initiation and pathogenesis of RA remain as puzzling as ever [l]. However, recent research has yielded important insights into the natural history of RA and have suggested a different, more rational and timely approach to therapy which may well have opened up a new era in the treatment of RA.


Abstract
In this paper, we briefly approach the history of Middle Eastern Arabs in Latin America, emphasizing the importance and contribution of literary translation in the mutual knowledge between the Arab world and the American continent.We first shed light on the beginnings of such immigration in America and then we will quote some Latin authors of Arab origin and introduce some of the most outstanding literary translators who brought the Latin American reality closer to the Arab reader, and finally we highlight the Arab mark left on Latin American literature.
Abstract
In this paper, we briefly approach the history of Middle Eastern Arabs in Latin America, emphasizing the importance and contribution of literary translation in the mutual knowledge between the Arab world and the American continent.We first shed light on the beginnings of such immigration in America and then we will quote some Latin authors of Arab origin and introduce some of the most outstanding literary translators who brought the Latin American reality closer to the Arab reader, and finally we highlight the Arab mark left on Latin American literature.


Introduction: The Kashmir valley, which has experienced political instability since 1989, has witnessed a rise in amputations and a different aetiology compared to other parts of India. Limited data exists on the changing patterns of various causes of amputations before and after 1989 in the Kashmir valley, India. Aim: To analyse the demographic characteristics, amputation patterns, and different causes among amputees. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Artificial Limb Centre (ALC) of Bone and Joint Hospital Barzulla, Srinagar, India. The study included 504 patients whose medical records were reviewed from 2006 to 2018 to identify the aetiology, geographical distribution, and level of amputation. Descriptive analysis was performed to determine the frequencies of various causes and levels of amputation. Results: The study found that the most common traumatic causes of amputation were Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs), firearm injuries, and blasts. Non traumatic amputations (vascular disease and malignancies) accounted for 30% of cases. Lower limb amputations (91.5%) were more prevalent than upper limb amputations (8.5%). Conclusion: Prior to 1989, RTA accidents were the major cause of amputations, but there was a surge in amputations caused by firearm injuries and blasts. Additionally, there has been increase in amputations caused by malignancies and dysvascular ischaemia in non traumatic causes.


The recent emergence of object proposal algorithms in the computer vision community shows great promise to addressing difficult problems in robotic such as object discovery and salient object detection. However, it is difficult to determine how these algorithms actually perform for real-world robot vision applications, because the standard evaluation protocol uses datasets which do not adequately account for real-world noise (motion blur, occlusion, etc.). We evaluated several state-of-the-art object proposal algorithms using naturalistic datasets from the robotics community, and found a substantial performance drop across all algorithms. This suggests that many object proposal algorithms are not as generalizable as the computer vision literature purports, which can have a significant impact on how they are applied to robotics. We also conducted a study on how each algorithm is influenced by specific kinds of real-world robot vision challenges, including variable brightness, gamma correction, Gaussian blur, and Gaussian noise. Our results provide insight into certain weaknesses of object proposal algorithms, which can be used to gauge how they might be suitable for different robotics applications. It is our intent that this work will motivate future research about how to design more flexible and robust object proposal algorithms for the robotics community.


ABSTRACT Hydropower is essential for global electricity production, but it consumes water by evaporation from the reservoir surface. Here, a new approach is introduced in relation to modelling the water footprint of electricity (WFe) from hydropower. Two of the most important variables in calculating the WFe are volume of evaporation (EV) and electricity production (EP). In this study, the random forest (RF) model was used to predict both EV and EP. For analysing hybrid models, wavelet transform was used and wavelet RF (WRF) models were developed. After decomposing the input variables by wavelet transform, the relief algorithm (RA) was used to recognize important components and inserted into the RF model. The proposed approach was applied at Mahabad Hydropower in Iran. The results suggest that applying the wavelet transform on input data and using algorithms such as RA can be regarded as a good approach for modelling of EV and EP.


Introduction: Existing literature focuses on the risks that prostitutes pose to society rather than the occupational risks they face. Most of this work has been conducted with women who work on the streets, although estimates suggest that indoor prostitution (saunas and private flats) in particular is a growing area of commercial sex. This thesis aims to examine the social and economic organisation of commercial sex work in the UK across the three settings of street, sauna and private flats, paying particular attention to the health and safety implications for the women involved.

Results: Women in the study reported high levels of social disadvantage that influenced their entry into prostitution; almost half were first paid for sex before they were eighteen and a minority were first forced into prostitution. The working conditions and routines of the three workplaces are described, focusing on the key social and structural features of the workplace, women's autonomy and working rules, along with their potential impact upon general health, work related stress and safety. Few differences were found in the sexual and reproductive health of women working in different settings. However, as a group, prostitutes had far poorer sexual and reproductive health than non-prostitute women. High levels of violence were reported across the study, mainly from clients, but also pimps and other women. This was patterned by workplace, with street workers significantly more likely to experience violence than either sauna or flat workers.

Conclusion: Prostitutes do not represent a threat to the health and safety of their clients; rather, data from this study suggest that the reverse is true. Prostitute health (e.g. sexual and reproductive health, drug use) is poorer than that of non-prostitute women in the UK, and as such, prostitutes represent a group with specialist health and welfare needs. The illegality, stigma and organisation of prostitution further impede women's health and safety. The findings of this study can be used to tailor health services for prostitutes, as well as inform policy and future research


This article presents the design, optimization, and testing of a new rotating electromagnetic field generation system for actuating magnetic microrobots. Its unique feature lies in that the proposed six-coil electromagnetic actuation system produces a uniform rotating magnetic field with a large 3-D workspace, which is enabled by conducting an architectural optimization of the system in consideration of both electric issues and geometry constraints. To maintain a low working temperature, each coil is fabricated with silicone grease for filling the gap among the copper wires and integrated with a water cooling fan for reducing the effect of coil heating. An analytical model is established to determine the dominant structural parameters, which are optimally tuned by resorting to genetic algorithm (GA) to achieve the best actuation performance. A prototype magnetic field generation system is developed for experimental testing. Experimental studies are carried out by driving various magnetic microrobots, including helical microswimmers and microparticles. Results indicate that the developed system can effectively actuate the microrobots with precision motion tracking, validating the effectiveness of the developed rotating magnetic field generation system.


A large proportion of the human nervous system is devoted to receiving and processing visual information.' This means that the potential for CNS disease to produce visual disturbance of one sort or another is enormous. The great advantage to the clinician dealing with a visual disturbance is that the visual pathways are organised very precisely, with preservation of topographic relation from retina through optic nerves, chiasm, tracts, geniculate nuclei, radiations, and on into the visual cortex.2 Hence, careful attention to visual field disturbance is likely to give a fairly precise clue as to what part of the visual system is being affected. Because certain diseases are more likely to affect some parts of the visual system than others, it is often possible to narrow down a differential diagnosis simply on the basis of site of lesion. This process of restricting the differential is further enhanced by knowing the time course over which visual disturbance has developed. These two considerations make the investigation of such disturbances much more straightforward.


Details of the background, locations and artworks involved in the 1998 public project 'Kultural Kommuting Melbourne Berlin, 1998' are described, highlighting the blurring of traditional concepts of public and private art in the project. It is observed that the use of private spaces for a public art project, and collaborative artwork featuring installations in public sites in both cities emphasises a transformation and a challenge for art, artists and the public domain at the beginning of the twenty-first century.


Introduction: Crystal size distributions (CSDs) are a quantitatively textural analysis that can provide valuable information about cooling regimes and crystallization histories of magmas. Previous studies have suggested that CSDs of olivine and plagioclase, can be used to determine if a sample is an impact melt or pristine mare basalt [1-3]. In addition, when combined with mineral and whole rock compositions, CSDs also appear to distinguish among different basalt types [2-5]. Apollo 15 (A-15) low-Ti mare basalts have traditionally been subdivided into olivineand quartz-normative basalt types, based on their different whole-rock compositions [6]. The A-15 olivine-normative basalts have abundant olivine crystals to be texturally analysed. In this study, 18 olivine-normative basalts (Fig. 1) from A15 were chosen for CSD analyses of olivine, in order to compare their cooling histories. These samples span the whole compositional range of A-15 olivinenormative basalts [7], and are texturally diverse (Fig. 1). Method: The method and principle of CSDs are described in detail in [1]. To summarize, each thin section was photographed using a 4x objective in both plain-polarized and cross-polarized light, and these images were stitched together using Microsoft Image Composite Editor to create a digital photomosaic (Fig. 1). Then using Corel Paintshop Pro, olivine and the whole sample were traced and filled in and exported as individual files. X-ray element mapping images were also used for some samples in order to identify olivine. Crystals touching the edge of the section were not included in the CSD analysis as they may have not been whole crystals. In cases where crystals are overlapping each other, multiple traceing layers are necessary, as a single layer would erroneously record these crystals as one. In order to get statistically reliable CSDs, at least 75 olivines are needed to be traced in each section [8]. The filled in layers (for crystals and the sample) were then imported into ImageJ. ImageJ does a pixel analysis to the imported layers, and applies a best-fit ellipse to each crystal determining the major and minor axis, roundness, and precise area of each crystal (and the whole sample), from which modal percentages of crystals can be determind. Crystals with minor axes <0.03 mm were not included in the final analysis; they are more likely to be a projection of the crystal due to the thickness of the section [8,9]. Major and minor axes of the remaining crystals are then exported to CSDSlice [8] and all data to CSDCorrections [9]. The former determines the approximate shape of the 2D traced crystals in three dimensions, and the latter sorts the crystals based on the length of the major axes and plots these in size bins (5 bins per decade) based on the number of crystals present versus the natural log (ln) of the population density. Olivine CSDs for all A-15 olivine-normative basalts are plotted in Fig. 2. Results: Olivine basalts in this study are diverse in textures and grain sizes (Fig. 1). They range from medium-grained (1-2 mm; Fig.1c) to very fine-grained (<0.2 mm; Fig. 1i), and most of them display large olivine phenocrysts (up to 2 mm) with melt/crystal inclusions (Figs. 1e-f,h). Small olivine and pyroxene crystals in the matrix are typically poikilitically enclosed by large plagioclase laths (up to 2 mm long; Figs.1b,e-f).


For multi-agent systems described by double integrators,this paper proposes a new nonsmooth consensus protocol.Firstly,based on the backstepping control method,the velocity is regarded as a virtual input and designed such that states consensus can be achieved asymptotically.Secondly,based on finite-time control technique,a finite-time control law is designed such that the virtual velocity can be tracked by the real velocity in a finite time.Under the proposed control law,it is proven that the states consensus can be achieved asymptotically in the absence of disturbances.In the presence of disturbances,the steady-state errors of any two agents can reach a small region around the origin.Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.


Solving the energy and climate challenges ahead will require introducing massive amounts of clean energy such as renewable energy (RE) sources, in particular, in urban areas as these dominate the energy use and emissions. Variable RE sources such as solar and wind are interesting mainstream energy options in this context. However, their use may cause major problems with the power system calling for more advanced strategies to enable optimal integration and bridging of the new and old energy system. Here, we demonstrate the usefulness of electricity‐to‐thermal conversion and RE linked to e‐mobility strategies to increase the RE share much beyond the traditional self‐use limit of power. For example, the Metropolitan Helsinki (Finland) region could in this way derive up to 60% of its electricity and 30% of its heat from wind power, without any major energy storage arrangements. In sunny climates, the use of photovoltaics could be increased by a factor of 2–3 over the self‐use limit of power through such strategies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Histological structure is observed by light microscopy and expression of Bax protein,c-Fos,TGF-β1 is examined by immunohistochemical methods in Chrysolophus amherstiae and Aquila rapax liver.Results show that liver of Chrysolophus amherstiae and Aquila rapax are similar to that most birds.The hepatocytes arrangement of Chrysolophus amherstiae is regular and hepatic cord is a double and multiple rows arrangenged radially around a central vein.Interlobular artery,interlobular vein and interlobular bile duct in portal area are observed easily.The hepatic lobule of Aquila rapax are irregular and unclear.Bax protiein,c-Fos and TGF-β1 are expressed in cell membrane,nuclueus,cytoplasm and hepatic cord of hepatocyte in Chrysolophus amherstiae and Aquila rapax liver,but their expression intensities are different.Bax protein,c-Fos and TGF-β1 may have different functions,and their cooperative expression may control the growth,development of cells in bird liver.


Extracellular vesicles (EVs) may mediate intercellular communication through the transfer of cargo molecules. Song et al. report that cyclin D1 is sorted into EVs during neuronal differentiation and that these EVs help to promote the neural induction of embryonic stem cells.


Two improved methods of accurate measurement of resonant devices' resonance characteristic are presented. One method is based on variable sampling rate and point number, the other is the system function of the resonance. Compared these two methods, the system function of the resonance completely eliminates the frequency spectrum leakage, and then proves the correctness of this method by theory and experiment. The results show that the method of the system function of the resonance greatly improves the measuring accuracy as the same as the good real-time and realizability.


That how to evaluate the problem of fire safety,especially to supermarket,correctly is always a concern for researcher engaging in fire-protect.As the incertitude and fuzziness of factors influencing the evaluation,the paper puts forward fuzzy synthetic evaluation based on fuzzy theory and have a test on some super market with a satisfying result.


We synthesized a new room temperature ionic liquid, [2PA-Hmim][Pf2N], and characterized the photochromic behavior by absorption spectroscopy. [2PA-Hmim][Pf2N] was found to be a photochromic liquid ...


A basic ORMAK neutral injection heating module has been developed which is capable of delivering 120 kW to the plasma with acceptable levels of impurities and streaming neutral gas. Independent variation of the energy, power, equivalent current, neutral species, time of injection and angle of injection will be possible. Significant increases in ion temperatures are expected when using these heaters. Plasma perturbations caused by injection of a neutral beam into a tokamak plasma are ' examined to determine if there are any limitations on this method of heating and replenishing the plasma. The use of feedback controlled neutral injection heating has been studied for stabilizing the operating temperature in a test fusion reactor design.


Gene structure of the pulmonary surfactant proteins SP-A, SP-B and SP-C, J.A.Whitsett pulmonary surfactant-associated proteins - their role in surface tension reduction, F.Possmayer et al mesenchymal-epithelial interactions during late fetal lung development, I.Caniggia and M.Post effects of cortico steroids on fetal lung maturation, M.M.Anceschi et al biological approaches to the prevention of RDS, B.T.Smith disorders of surfactant in infants and vitamin D deficiency, E.M.Lukyanova the relevance of surfactant intactivation by anti-surfactant antibodies to the evaluation of therapies for neo-natal RDS, D.S.Strayer risk factors for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm newborns, M.Luerti et al development, indication and present status of "late" amniocentesis in pregnancy, W.Schmidt et al comparison of one-dimensional L/S ratio, enzymatic lecithin determination and surfactant/albumin-ratio using flourescence polarization by the determination of fetal lung maturity, V.Ragosch et al antenatal glucocorticoids treatment in the prevention of neonatal RDS, V.Ragosh et al induction of fetal pulmonary maturity with ambroxol - side effects and therapeutic effectiveness, A.Revelli et al the combination of betamethasone and ambroxol for the prophylaxis of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, F.Zullo et al prevention of HMD and survival in low-birth-weight infants, A.Scarcella et al RDS and the use of corticosteroids, J.G.Koppe and H.Smolders-de Haas surfactant function - is it influenced by artificial ventilation?, J.Bos and B.Lachmann experiences with curosurf in Europe, B.Robertson further experiences with curosurf in Europe, H.L.Halliday and T.R.J.Tubman curosurf for therapy in neonatal RDS - an Italian randomized clinical trial, G.Bevilacqua early experiences with curosurf therapy for severe neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, G.Devai and B.Buky preliminary results in the use of a natural surfactant in four infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome, B.Foresti and G.Marraro incidence and outcome of persistant ductus arteriosus in premature babies treated with surfactant for severe respiratory distress syndrome, T.Troester et al the effect of natural porcine surfactant on phagocytosis-associated functions of human neutrophils, C.P.Speer et al surfactant replacement in severe respiratory distress syndrome - effects of perinatal acidosis on the theraupetic response, E.Herting et al surfactant therapy and IG E levels in the neonatal period, M.Amato et al pulmonary function in mechanicallyt ventilated surfactant-treated preterm infants, F.Mosca et al. Part Contents.


A ccording to the American Society of Plastic Surgery Procedural Statistics for 2007, liposuction was the second most commonly performed cosmetic procedure after breast augmentation. Over the past decade or so, many methods have been introduced to facilitate the procedure, improve the results, and shorten the recovery of liposuction. Among these modalities most recently introduced into the armamentarium of cosmetic surgeons are internal ultrasound, external ultrasound, and power-assisted cannulas. The use of a laser in an attempt to improve on the results of standard negative-pressure frictional aspiration of fat was first described by Apfelberg.'>' Goldman," using 1064 nm, 6 W power, 40 Hz, and 150 mJ of energy (Deka, Florence, Italy) on 82 submental laser lipolysis patients, showed histological evidence of rupture of the adipocyte membrane with collagen coagulation along channels within the adipose tissue as well as small-blood-vessel coagulation. In January 2008, Cooltouch received clearance from the US Food and Drug Administration for the use of a 1320-nm wavelength for laser-assisted lipolysis. The 1320-nm wavelength, with a higher affinity for water, is thought to directly ?eat the collagen of the skin and aid in skin tightemng. The Sciton ProLipo PLUS platform combines the I064-nm and 13I9-nm wavelengths into a seamless application for laser lipolysis that can adjust the percentage of each wavelength to best take advantage of the selective photothermalytic propertie~ of eac? wavelen?th. This article describes my expenence using the Sciton device for laser-assisted lipolysis in 81 patients from February to September 2008.


In a New York Times op-ed, physicist Richard A. Muller reports a "total turnaround" of his scientific judgment In a New York Times op-ed, physicist Richard A. Muller reports a "total turnaround" of his scientific judgment


The article developed a nonlinear mathematical model and an effective numerical algorithm for monitoring and forecasting the process of spreading industrial emissions in the atmosphere, taking into account the orography of the area and the speed of movement of fine substances. Multidimensional partial differential equations describe the model with corresponding initial, internal, and boundary conditions of the third kind to consider mass transfer across the interface. In the work, to prove the adequacy of the developed mathematical apparatus, the calculated data are compared with field data taken from a specific object, in which the computational algorithm provides sufficient accuracy of the solution, based on which it can be concluded that the developed mathematical model and the numerical algorithm have a certain advantage over others numerical methods.


Although large quantities of hearths and fireplaces are usually found in archaeological excavations, this class of installations is still poorly and rarely studied. However, their analysis can provide interesting information about the living habits of the ancient populations, as demonstrated by the example of the numerous firing installations discovered during the excavations carried out in 2013-2016 in the site of Aradetis Orgora in Georgia by the Georgian Italian Shida Kartli Archaeological Project. Specifically, two types of hearth are considered in this article: the type provided with inner projections (lobes) and the hearth consisting of a clayey surface overlying a bedding of pebbles and potsherds. Their contexts of discovery, chronological and geographical distribution are discussed and some hypotheses about their meaning for the communities that produced them are advanced.