Theoretical issues of analysis of a separate group of financial risks, such as, commercial and marketing, are investigated. The systematic approach as one of the main methods of scientific research, the classical method of hypotheses and other general methods of scientific research are used and applied in this paper. The theoretical and conceptual principles of risk as one of the complex categories of the economy, which is inherent in all phases of the business life cycle and analysis of commercial and marketing risks on the basis of a separate group of indicators that most completely characterize them are investigated in this paper. The presented research problem, the need to test the hypotheses adopted in the investigation, the need to develop theoretical foundations determined the division of the research process into specific stages and the choice of appropriate methods in each of them. It is noted that profound general and professional knowledge prevail in risk management, and thus the ability to make independent decisions, rational use of time, economic and human potential. It is proved that in order to achieve the management goal, the knowledge acquisition is constant and continuous process in time, where human labor acquires the features of creative work. The peculiarities of risk as an economic category, classification features, its assessment, influencing factors, the purpose of control, identification and verification in the theory of decision making are investigated. Proposals for the calculation of its individual indicators of commercial and marketing risks and the decision-making matrix in terms of these risks are given. Risk consideration is important while making business decisions. The main results of the investigation are substantiation and development of theoretical principles of commercial and marketing risk, analysis of their indicators in the process of making management decisions. The practical value of theoretical results is in their production orientation.The implementation of these proposals in economic activity will significantly increase the level of management of commercial and marketing activities and will significantly reduce the negative impact of risk on financial results.


Review question(s)/objective(s) The objective of this systematic literature review is to identify whether there is an association between inflammatory markers and psychological disorders in veterans and military personnel.  The primary question to be examined is: Is there an association between increased inflammatory markers and psychological disorders in military personnel or veterans? Inclusion criteria Types of participants This review will consider studies that include currently serving military personnel, as well as individuals who have already left the military (veterans). Military populations of all countries and all ethnicities will be considered. Both females and males will be considered. No age restrictions will be applied.  This review will exclude studies that involve participants undergoing basic recruit or military training as this population is not considered to have met the definition of being a currently serving military member, or a military veteran in the sense of having had a period of service, or been deployed and involved in a period of active duty.  Phenomena of interest The phenomena of interest in this review are inflammatory markers and psychological disorders. Studies that seek to identify changes in inflammatory markers and the presence or absence of psychological disorders will be considered. Specific inflammatory markers are likely to include C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin-6, and Tumour Necrosis Factors. Psychological disorders of interest will include posttraumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety related conditions, adjustment disorder as well as somatic complaints; however, studies which have sought to identify other psychological disorders will also be considered.  Types of outcomes:  TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS


In CAE software, modeling time and efficiency has begun to become a significant focus because modeling takes significant time. Reducing modeling time and improving modeling efficiency can be achieved through various methods. The primary method is to customize the tool so that common tasks are automated. In the experience of the authors, automation can dramatically reduce the time and efficiency of modeling in CAE software. However, usually, creating such automation requires using the customization tools included in the CAE software. These tools are usually based on programming or scripting languages that have deep access to the capabilities of the CAE software. These tools can be extremely powerful, but they also require significant programming skills. Therefore, they do not get used as much as they could. Some programming tools for customization also allow the CAE software to access spreadsheets or other external applications or files. This capability also extends the potential power of the customization tools. But they require even more skill and more time to design the customizations. Our goal is to find a way to dramatically reduce the complexity of customization without reducing the customization power. Through this simplification of customization, we expect to dramatically improve the efficiency modeling in CAE software compared to customization directly through programming or scripting. Our method is a spreadsheet-based tool that retains most of the power of direct programming, but without requiring any programming from the user. We call our solution eTemplate. In eTemplate, the model data is first stored in a spreadsheet like a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet file. A parsing engine written using the programming tools for customization of the CAE software reads the data from the spreadsheet and uses it to build a model in the CAE environment. However, unlike other existing methods mentioned above, no programming is required from the user to enable to the CAE software to access the data contained in the spreadsheet. The parsing engine required to extract the data from the spreadsheet and create model data in the CAE software is already coded and does not require modification by the user. The data required to define a model in CAE software is usually rather simple. In multibody dynamics, for example, the data to define a model at a minimum consists of the definitions of a number of bodies, their masses, their positions in 3-dimensional space. Usually, it will also consist of a number of joints connecting those bodies and maybe a number of springs, for example, that apply forces between the bodies and regions of the bodies in which contact between the bodies can occur. eTemplate is designed to exploit this simplicity of data. For eTemplate, the data for each of these items is placed on a line in the spreadsheet in a format that is reasonable for the data that defines that object. Figure 1 shows an example of the data to define 2 bodies and a simple joint between them. Figure 1 : New Methodology for Automation and Customization of RecurDyn/eTemplate. The data to define a model is very simple in this format. It is obvious how the data can be extended and how eTemplate can be adapted to any particular CAE software through this method. Furthermore, the customization capabilities built into the spreadsheet applications dramatically extend the power of eTemplate. Spreadsheets themselves can be easily customized and tailored for a specific purpose. The methods of such customization of spreadsheets are well known to most engineers. Simple cell formulas, for example, such as the cell formulas "=a1+b1" or "=cos(c3)*d2+b5" dramatically extend the power of spreadsheets. Using these well-known customization capabilities already built into spreadsheets, a user can create a spreadsheet that has a small number of spreadsheet cells used to define key parameters of a model. From these key parameters, the spreadsheet can automatically generate the data required for the model in the format required for eTemplate, which eTemplate can then use to construct the data for a model in the target CAE software. In this manner, eTemplate offers tremendous customization power that is easy to use and easy to learn. This tool was originally created for the multibody dynamics simulation software RecurDyn, and RecurDyn and multibody dynamics software will be used as the primary example of the CAE tool in this paper. But it could be easily adapted for use with other software. As described above, the data to define a model in most CAE software is very similar in its structure. Therefore, eTemplate is a method that requires no programming skills, but offers a similar level of customizability to CAE software. eTemplate leverages the power already built into spreadsheet applications such as Microsoft Excel. These customization capabilities are generally well known to engineers. This gives eTemplate a huge potential to improve to dramatically reduce the modeling time and increase the efficiency of using CAE software. References [1] Seong Ho Yang, Jin Hwan Choi, "Integrated CAE Model Data Management and Work Environment System using RecurDyn and MS-Excel", The Journal of KSME, 2011. [2] Ji Hoon Kim, Seong Ho Yang, Jin Hwan Choi, "Simplify and Efficiently CAE Processes Automation Method using RecurDyn/eTemplate", The Journal of KSME, 2013. [3] RecurDyn Online Help Manual, 2014 http://www.functionbay.co.kr [4] Micro Excel Online Help. http://office.microsoft.com


[1] M. Mihaljevic and H. Imai, "An approach for stream ciphers design based on joint computing over random and secret data", Computing, vol. 85, no. 1-2, pp. 153-168, June 2009. [2] M. Mihaljevic, "A Framework for Stream Ciphers Based on Pseudorandomness, Randomness and Error-Correcting Coding", in Enhancing Cryptographic Primitives with Techniques from Error Correcting Codes, Vol. 23 in the NATO Science for Peace and Security Series D: Information and Communication Security, pp. 117-139, IOS Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, June 2009. [3] M. Mihaljevic and F. Oggier, "A Wire-tap Approach to Enhance Security in Communication Systems using the Encoding-Encryption Paradigm", IEEE ICT 2010 Int. Comm. Conf., Proceedings, pp. 484-489, April 2010. [4] M. Mihaljevic and H. Imai, "A Stream Cipher Design Based on Embedding of Random Bits", IEEE 2008 Int. Symp. on Inform. Theory and its Appl. ISITA2008, Proceedings, pp. 1497-1502, Dec. 2008 [5] M. Mihaljevic, H. Watanabe and H. Imai, "A Cellular Automata Based HB#-like Low Complexity Authentication Technique", IEEE 2008 Int. Symp. on Inform. Theory and its Appl. ISITA2008, Proceedings, pp. 1355-1360, Dec. 2008 Symmetric Key Cryptographic Primitives


Objective To provide anatomy data for reconstruction of the skull base . Methods10 adult cadaver heads (20 laterals) fixed with 10 % formalin were used in this study. They were all perfused with red latex through artery and blue latex through vein. They were dissected, measured and taken photos in this areas. Results There are skin, subcutaneous tissue, superficial temporal fascia, deep temporal fascia, temporal muscle and periosteoma from superficiality to depth. They have their own blood supply for the superficial deep fascia and temporal musule. Conclusion Different kinds of temporal fascia and temporal muscle flaps for reconstruction of the skull base may be made according to its blood supply.


THE RHAETIAN AND THE LIAS OF THE SOUTHERN PERIPHERY OF THE ŚWIĘTY KRZYŻ MOUNTAINS In the Świety Krzyz Mountains the sediments of the Rhaetian and the Lias have been thoroughly recognized in the northern and western Mesozoic periphery of this massif. On the basis of material found in bore-holes the author describes a new and hitherto unknown province of occurrence of the Lias in the southern part of the Świety Krzyz Mountains. In this area, the sediments of the Rhaetian and the Lias participate in the structure of two tectonic units - the Grabki syncline and a monoclinal structure extending east of the -Szydlow-Grabki dislocation. In the profile of bore-hole Poreba Wierzbicka presented by the author the thickness of the Rhaetian sediments is 55.3 m.; these sediments are clastic and coarse-clastic, of variegated type. The Lias sediments show a thickness of 124.5 m.; on the basis of the sporomorph Lycostrobus Scotti found here, they were assigned to the Lower Lias. A more complete profile of the Lias may be expected to be found in the axial part of the Grabki syncline, where preliminary palynological examinations already revealed the presence of Lias γ and e. These new data on the occurrence of the Lias in the southern part of the Świety Krzyz Mountains are of marked significance for the cognizance of the palaeogeography of the Rhaetian and the Lias and for the elucidation of the sub-Tertiary geological structure of the Świety Krzyz Mountains.


Automated video understanding of dynamic scenes is a challenging problem, but is the key for the future smart vision systems. This thesis develops robust techniques for automated video understanding based on low-level motion primitives—i.e., automatically tracked feature points. The techniques proposed in this thesis can successfully address crowded environments and other operating challenges such as variations in ambient light or movements of sensor platforms. Our proposed approach take motivation from the innate biological capabilities for perceptual organisation demonstrated by the human vision system.
This thesis has four main techniques for automated video understanding. First, we propose an algorithm for detecting dominant motions in dense crowds based on low-level motion tracks. Accurately tracking individual objects in such scenes is difficult due to inter- and intra-object occlusions that cannot be easily resolved. We overcome the limitations posed by dense crowded scenes by automatically detecting and clustering low-level feature point tracks to identify dominant motion patterns in crowd movements. Second, we address the problem of motion segmentation to automatically identify motions generated by independent objects, articulated parts of the same object, or the camera itself using a new technique that can segment different motions from partial, incomplete and noisy motion data. We show that the proposed algorithm can be directly applied to video sequences generated by a variety of sources, from hand-held to airborne cameras. Third, we introduce a method for independent motion detection in dynamic scenes containing many similar moving objects. Our object detection system takes locations of tracked low-level feature points as input, and produces a set of independent coherent motion regions representing individual objects. The proposed approach is a trade-off between algorithms that require object specific models and algorithms that do not require any object specific information. We show that by applying spatial constraints to the statistical clustering, we can efficiently detect independently moving objects belonging to a single class. Finally, we extend this technique by combining low-level motion information with high-level spatial information to detect and track objects belonging to multiple classes in challenging video sequences. All of our algorithms are tested on several real video sequences, and results are compared with other recently published related work.


Sleep supports changes in the neuronal representation of emotional experiences to make those experiences less distressing when subsequently recalled. Wassing et al. show that individuals with insomnia disorder activate the anterior cingulate cortex during both new and relived emotional experiences. The findings suggest insufficient adaptation to emotional distress in people who are vulnerable to developing insomnia disorder.


The invention discloses a method for casting disappear mould of the cover of diesel engine and petrol engine that based on disappear mould technique, which can solve the problems of present sand casting technique with high material consumption, heavy cast, and environment pollution, etc. The invention slices matter into several mould plates to prepare the mould; than filling the material of disappear mould into mould to attain the mould plate of disappear mould which is the same with said matter; dipping disappear mould dope on the mould plate and arranging it into sand tank to be vibrated and poured to melt mould plate into carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide to be discharged to attain the cast of said matter. The invention has the advantages that save raw material, reduce labor intensity and improve property.


SUMMARY

Stunting, scarring and distortion of stems and leaves and death of flower buds has caused serious failures of Michaelmas daisies (Aster spp.) in recent years. This failure is here attributed to the presence of high populations of cyclamen mite (Steneotarsonemus pallidus (Banks)). Cultivars of A. novi-belgii are particularly susceptible to damage and although the mite also occurs on other species, these have some degree of tolerance or resistance.

Symptoms of mite damage on A. novi-belgii are described and illustrated and preliminary observations on the biology of the pest are reported.


Europe is one of the leading tourist destinations where tourism is one of the key economic sectors. The quality of bathing waters is a very important factor when choosing a vacation destination. Croatia recognized this early and was one of the first Mediterranean countries to start systematic monitoring of bathing waters. On the other hand, monitoring of inland bathing waters is relatively new and includes a much smaller number of sites (41) compared to coastal waters (894). The aim of this paper was to summarize and analyze the water quality of inland and coastal bathing sites of Croatia, closer regions (non-EU Member States) and in the EU for the last decade. The share of excellent water quality in EU Member States increased by 10.1% and 6.6% for inland and coastal waters, respectively (2011–2020). Germany recorded the highest proportion of excellent water quality for inland waters (92.2%) and Cyprus for coastal waters (99.3%). Looking at the 10-year average of the proportion of bathing waters with excellent quality, the proportion of coastal bathing sites exceeds that of inland waters by 7.1%. It is clear that additional efforts should be made to improve the management and monitoring of inland waters.


In the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors (NET), complete surgical removal of malignancy is generally desirable, as it offers curative results. Pre-operative guidance with radiolabeled somatostatin analogues, commonly used for NET diagnosis and pre-operative planning, is limited by its low resolution, with the risk that tumor margins and small metastases will be incompletely resected with subsequent recurrence. A single hybrid probe combining radiotracer and optical dye would enable high-resolution optical guidance, also during surgery. In the current study, the hybrid labeled somatostatin analogue Cy5-DTPA-Tyr3-octreotate was synthesized and evaluated for its ability to specifically trace NET cells in vitro and in an animal model. The performance of the hybrid tracer was compared to that of octreotate with only radiolabel or only optical label. Methods: The binding affinity and internalization capacity of Cy5-DTPA-Tyr3-octreotate were assessed in vitro. Biodistribution profiles and both nuclear and optical in vivo imaging of Cy5-111In -DTPA-Tyr3-octreotate were performed in NET-bearing mice and compared to the performance of 111In-DTPA-Tyr3-octreotate. Results: In vitro studies showed low receptor affinity and internalization rate for Cy5-DTPA-Tyr3-octreotate. The KD value was 387.7 ± 97.9 nM for Cy5-DTPATyr3-octreotate, while it was 120.5 ± 18.1 nM for DTPA-Tyr3-octreotate. Similarly, receptor-mediated internalization reduced from 33.76 ± 1.22% applied dose (AD) for DTPA-Tyr3-octreotate to 1.32± 0.02% AD for Cy5-DTPA-Tyr3-octreotate. In contrast, in vivo and ex vivo studies revealed similar tumor uptake values of Cy5-111In -DTPA-Tyr3-octreotate and 111In -DTPA-Tyr3-octreotate (6.93 ± 2.08 and 5.16 ± 1.27, respectively). All organs except the kidneys showed low background radioactivity, with especially low activities in the liver, and high tumor/tissue ratios were achieved—both favorable for the tracer's toxicity profile. Hybrid imaging in mice confirmed that the nuclear and fluorescence signals co-localized. Conclusion: The correlation between findings with the optical and the nuclear probes underlines the by on August 27, 2017. For personal use only. jnm.snmjournals.org Downloaded from


Each matrix A in GL_n(Z) naturally defines an automorphism f of the free r-step nilpotent Lie algebra on n generators. We study the relationship between the matrix A and the eigenvalues and rational invariant subspaces for f. We give applications to the study of Anosov automorphisms.


This paper describes an agent-based analysis approach to determine in which way a net zero house can be obtained. In particular, it addresses agent-based simulation to estimate annual energy usage for heating based on an air to water heat pump. Based on the introduced approach house owners will be able to decide on the specifications for further renewable energy production systems to be installed, for example, solar or wind energy production systems in order to obtain a net zero house in the present and in future years.


We propose a half-draining round robin matching (HDRRM) algorithm for scheduling of high performance input queued switches. HDRRM uses round robin arbiters to find a matching between the input ports and the output ports. Once an input- output pair is matched, HDRRM continuously services half number of the cells in its virtual output queue. The implementation of HDRRM is also discussed. Simulation results show that HDRRM with a single iteration achieves high throughput and low average delay and delay variation under both uniform and nonuniform traffic patterns.


In this paper,determination of center-focus at infinity for a class of eleven degree polynomial difierential systemis in vestigated.Firstly,infinityis transformed intoan elementary origin of a complex system by a homeomorphic transformation and a complex transformation.With the help of Mathematica,the first 15 singular point quantities at the origin ofthe transformed systemare deduced.Therefore,the conditions for infinity to be a center and highest order fine focus are obtained.


According to hard-distinguishing problems of concrete isolated cracks in basement reaction check,it introduces principles of basement reaction checking and features of isolated cracks,lists some concrete examples,discusses the concrete application of reaction checking,so as to spread this checking skill.


Isolates of the genera Monoraphidium Kom.‐Legn., Ankistrodesmus Corda and Raphidocelis Hindák emend. Marvan et al. were cultured from two areas in Minnesota and North Dakota, USA. These isolates were identified to species level (when possible), using light microscopy and standard monographs and then characterized by 18S rDNA sequence analysis. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that in some cases, 18S rDNA sequences from these isolates were very similar, but not identical to the sequences of other isolates of the same morphospecies from different parts of the world. However, some isolates that were identified as the same species actually belong to different lineages within the Selenastraceae, whereas other isolates with identical or nearly identical 18S rDNA sequences possessed rather different morphologies. Overall, our data suggest that the application of a broad morphospecies concept to the Selenastraceae has resulted in an underestimation of the species diversity of this family and probably erroneous conclusions about the distribution of species.


: Taiwan's information and electronics industry is a major player in global markets. Its traditional original equipment manufacturer (OEM) capability is one of its key competitive advantages. While previous studies have shown that brand building has a positive impact on performance, the government has recently encouraged the industry to conduct independent research and development and promote proprietary brands in the face of global competition and pressure for industrial upgrading. This study aimed to compare the performance of Taiwanese information and electronics firms that invest in brands with traditional OEMs, using counterfactual decomposition regression analysis to decompose firm performance into "return effects" and "covariate effects". The results showed that firms investing in brand strategies outperformed traditional OEMs, with the performance gap between firms widening as the degree of brand strategy increased. Furthermore, the difference in performance was mainly due to the "covariate effect", with companies with brand strategies being more willing to invest in resources such as research and development, technology acquisition and marketing in order to create a virtual circle of brand building and improve company performance. On the other hand, investing only in brand image building without developing a brand strategy has a diminishing effect on performance improvement as total output increases. In summary, this study found that investing in brand strategies is essential for Taiwanese information and electronics firms to outperform traditional OEMs. The government can use the results of this study to assess the need to promote brand strategy as a means of improving industrial performance during the process of industrial upgrading. In this way, the industry can maintain its competitive advantage and continue to play an influential role in global markets.


In some applicable scenarios, such as community patrolling, mobile nodes are restricted to move only in their own communities. Exploiting the meetings of the nodes within the same community and the nodes within the neighboring communities, a delay tolerant network (DTN) can provide communication between any two nodes. In this paper, two analytical models based on stochastic reward nets (SRNs) are proposed to evaluate the performance of the epidemic content retrieval in such multi-community DTNs. Performance measures computed by the proposed models are the average retrieval delay and the average number of transmissions. The monolithic SRN model proposed in the first step is not scalable, in terms of the number of communities and nodes, due to the state space explosion in the underlying Markov chain. In order to solve the scalability problem of the monolithic model, an approximate model based on the folding technique is presented which allows us to evaluate the performance of large-scale DTNs. In order to cross-validate the results obtained from the proposed models, we extend the ONE simulator to support our network model. The analytic-numeric results indicate that both models have good accuracy, and the folded model reduces the state space highly, achieving good scalability without any significant loss of accuracy.


Human hearts lack regenerative capacity and form scars after myocardial infarction. While teleost fish and urodele amphibians are able replace lost or damaged cardiomyocytes even as adults, mice are only able do so as neonates. Whether regenerative capacity exists in other vertebrate clades (reptiles and birds) has not yet been described. In order to determine if reptile hearts have regenerative potential following tissue damage, we developed injury models similar to those used in zebrafish and mice—ventricular resection and cryoinjury—and tested them in a non‐traditional animal model, the American alligator.


The article explores the formatiomt and development of investment cooperation between Kazakhstan and the countries of the European Union. The dynamics, species structure and industry priorities of the accumulated and annual mutual investments between Kazakhstan and the EU countries are analyzed, and the main problems of reducing the investment flow from the European Union are identified. The purpose of the study is to identify the problematic aspects of cooperation between Kazakhstan and the EU countries, to consider methods to improve the investment attractiveness of Kazakhstan for foreign investors, which contributes to the further development of investment relations. The article used methods for describing and analyzing special scientific books, reports of state bodies, legal acts and other sources on investment relations. The method of SWOT analysis was used, on the basis of which it is possible to identify the strengths and weaknesses of Kazakhstan for investors. The result and conclusions of the study. The scale of investment cooperation between Kazakhstan and the EU countries, carried out on a developing institutional basis, however, the investment flow has an uneven trend. The EU is a key Kazakhstan partner in investment import processes. For the countries of the united Europe, the mining industry of Kazakhstan is of particular interest and changes in raw material prices lead to a decrease in investment flow. To avoid dependence on energy prices, Kazakhstan needs to develop separate investment projects with priority countries of the European Union, and eliminate factors such as bureaucracy, corruption, etc. It is proposed to increase motivation to create individual preferences for foreign investors from EU countries. In addition to cooperation with the European Commission, pay attention to cooperation with a direct investor.


The purpose of this thesis is to investigate changes in the landscape of Almeria in southeastern Spain, particularly in relation to the emergence of the 80,000-acre greenhouse sector. This thesis examines how the province of Almeria has become the site of the greatest concentration of greenhouses in the world and identifies the processes that have led to this industry. The research focuses on local-global scale interactions and environmental history analysis within a political ecology framework. The methods for data collection included an analysis of secondary sources, interviews, and four months of fieldwork in Almeria. Expanding on the geographer David Tout's 1980s research on Almeria greenhouses, this thesis assesses historic and contemporary local-global exchanges, resource control, economic development, and technologies within the greenhouse sector. Located in Europe's driest desert, the greenhouses of Almeria produce millions of tons of produce for European markets. Initially fueled by abundant aquifer water, the greenhouse sector is attempting to adapt to water scarcity through innovative methods of water conservation and the use of desalination. Moreover, the complex hydropolitics associated with the control and distribution of water highlight the importance of the greenhouse sector to various levels of government. This case study of the Almeria greenhouse industry demonstrates the most recent iteration of an ongoing and profound trend of climate and landscape modifications by human actions in this part of the Mediterranean region.


Flower-like tellurium (Te) nanocrystals with uniform branches were successfully prepared in large quantities by a surfactant-assisted method. The product was characterised with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electronic diffraction (SAED) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The characterisation results revealed that the branch of flower-like Te was grown along [001] direction. Furthermore, the Raman spectrum of the flower-like Te with uniform branches was studied. The result shows that the flower-like Te exhibits three typical vibration peaks. This study provides a simple method to prepare three-dimensional Te nanostructures in large scale, which broadens their practical applications.


Report regarding a rapid water immersion test on a SNAP 10A/2 reactor core. It includes the radiological results of the tests and the reactor behavior that influenced these results.


This document describes the process of making complex architectural decisions for intelligent lighting systems. Making an architectural decision requires certain steps. The first step is obtaining the decision making elements from a list of requirements. This is done for OpenAIS through a specific process as described in this document. The document also justifies the process by explaining our choices and the differences with the other state of the art approaches. Subsequently, decision making elements must be detailed in order to leave no room for any miss-interpretation among participants of the project. Detailing process for intelligent lighting systems domain and the detailed decision elements are provided in this document. Finally, decision making process can be initiated by using the decision making elements. The decision making process should be performed whenever an architectural choice is to be made. This document gives a brief overview about this process and possible approaches to evaluating the result of the process.


For some years it has been suspected that polyarteritis nodosa is by no means uncommon. The disease manifests itself in many forms, and an excellent review of the clinical features is provided by Miller and Daley (1946). As these authors infer, in many cases the condition presents in a manner extremely difficult of diagnosis, and, though suspected, it most frequently remains unproved. They estimate the mortality rate to be well below 50%, but, even so, it must still be accounted


In the last years, a great interest in nonequilibrium systems has been witnessed. Although the Master Equations are one of the most common methods used to describe these systems, the literature about these equations is not straightforward due to the mathematical framework used in their derivations. The goals of this work are to present the physical concepts behind the Master Equations development and to discuss their basic proprieties via a matrix approach. It is also shown how the Master Equations can be used to model typical nonequilibrium processes like multi-wells chemical reactions and radiation absorption processes.


We studied the structural and photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of InAs quantum dots (QDs) grown on nitrogen (N) δ-doped GaAs(001). The emission wavelength for low-density N-δ doping exhibited a blueshift with respect to that for undoped GaAs and was redshifted with increasing N-sheet density. This behavior corresponded to the variation in the In composition of the QDs. N-δ doping has two opposite and competing effects on the incorporation of Ga atoms from the underlying layer into the QDs during the QD growth. One is the enhancement of Ga incorporation induced by the lattice strain, which is due to the smaller radius of N atoms. The other is an effect blocking for Ga incorporation, which is due to the large bonding energy of Ga-N or In-N. At a low N-sheet density, the lattice-strain effect was dominant, while the blocking effect became larger with increasing N-sheet density. Therefore, the incorporation of Ga from the underlying layer depended on the N-sheet density. Since the In-Ga intermixing betw...


Objective\ To explore the imagic characteristics, classification and clinical significance of vascular structural abnormalities of patients with vertebrobasilar ischemia. \ Methods\ DSA or MRA was conducted on patients with vertebrobasilar ischemia, 33 cases found with vascular structural abnormalities were collected for systematic analysis and a classification was attempted .\ Results\ The structural abnormalities of vertebrobasilar arteries were classified into 4 types, namely, subclavian artery , vertebral artery, basilar artery and posterior cerebral artery; each type was reclassified into 2-5 subtypes. The vertebral artery type was the main type of structural abnormality of patients with vertebrobasilar ischemia, accounting for 60.53%. Next to this type was basilar artery, subclavian aretery and posterior cerebral artery. \ Conclusion\ There were vascular structural abnormalities as a pathogenetic basis for vertebrobasilar ischemia. The abnormalities of vertebral artery were the most common cause of vertebrobasilar ischemia. The abnormalities presented various types depended on the cause of development and the age of the patient . The classification of the abnormal vessels is helpful to clinical diagnosis and the selection of therapy.


Eleven species of tardigrades in South Georgia, of which two are new to science, were found in samples collected at fifteen localities. The highest number of species was found in moss from a scree field. Twenty species of tardigrades are presently known from South Georgia, but the island remains insufficiently investigated. The species composition is similar to that of southern South America. The high number of cosmopolitan species makes the geographical distribution pattern of the South Georgian tardigrades more similar to that of macrolichens than to that of insects and vascular plants.


This paper discusses the reasons why well foundations are preferred to pile foundations in India. The conditions in India which favour well foundations are presented. The use of pile foundations in India is presented and the arguments put forward by the authorities for not using them are discussed. The unreasonably harsh specifications given for pile foundations are listed, and a case made for lifting such restrictions. For the covering abstract see IRRD 860938.


We readwith great interest the report by Hu et al. on ventricular septal defect repair in Eisenmenger syndrome after pretreatment with Bosentan. The authors should be commended for their excellent clinical outcome. We would like to discuss this approach of ''treat-and-repair'' to Eisenmenger syndrome, which we reviewed recently. Eisenmenger syndrome has been synonymous with inoperability, as remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature is considered irreversible, placing these patients at high perioperative risk and high risk of postoperative right ventricular failure. With an improvement in pulmonary vasodilators and their more widespread use, it has been possible to reduce pulmonary vascular resistance and symptoms in a subset of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and make these patients amenable to surgery, as reported in Hu et al.'s case. However, we do not know how many patients underwent similar ''treat-and-repair'' strategy and had a negative outcome, as they are seldom reported. Patients with Eisenmenger syndrome and simple cardiac defects overall have the best survival (93% at five years), much better than any other group of PAH patients and particularly better than those with PAH after surgical repair of congenital heart disease, even though their quality of life remains poor. Long-term outcomes are the key question. No data are available on the long-term response of the right ventricle to closure of intracardiac communications. Once the defect is closed, a pathophysiologic situation more similar to idiopathic PAH is obtained, which is associated with much worse long-term outcomes and is never cured. Patients with Eisenmenger syndrome in adulthood seem to fare far better than patientswith all other forms of PAH. The key to the relative longevity of these complex patients lies in the unique adaptation of the right ventricle. We commend the authors on their excellent outcome in a very challenging patient,whowas doomed to a poor quality of life without their intervention. However, closure of intracardiac defects after a positive response to advanced PAH therapies cannot be generally recommended until evidence of its safety, efficacy, and durability becomes available. We would recommend that an international registry of patients with PAH managed with ''treat-and-repair'' and a ''repair-andtreat'' be created to better define this patient population and reliably report long-term outcomes. Defining subgroups of patients with high PVR who could benefit from surgical repair and/or targeted therapies would represent an important progress.


Antidotaria, or collections of antidotes, provide valuable evidence of the evolution of medieval medicine, which is marked at the turn of the 11th and 12th centuries by a change that took place under the influence of Salerno. Mostly unpublished, these sources must be studied by way of manuscripts, with difficulties arising from the imprecision of library catalogues and the small number of specialized indexes. The collection in the National Library of France is rich in medical manuscripts containing antidotaria. The type of collection where they are found and their potential readers or owners give indications about their place in medical practice during the Middle Ages. Four antidotaria will be studied here, all of which show Salerno's influence: the Antidotarium Magnus, the Liber Iste ascribed to Platearius, the Antidotarium Nicolai , and a very different document, the Pomum Ambre.


I would like to thank Paul Layer, Dean of College of Natural Science and Mathematics, for funding, Dr. Denis Kind from Biology and Wildlife department for access to microscope, Dr. Christopher Iceman and Jacy Pietsch from Chemistry Department for helping UV reflectance measurement and access to spectrometer, and Honors Program for help. Hypothesis •Food restriction during neonatal development impairs feather and wing development and will result in:


This article is an extended version of the talk given by the author in the seminar Th\'eorie Spectrale et G\'eom\'etrie at the Institut Fourier in March 2022. We present some results from the author's doctoral thesis, extended by several results from other papers. We give a parametrization of the space of maximal framed representations of the fundamental group of a punctured surface into a Hermitian Lie group of tube type that can be seen as $\mathrm{Sp}_2(A,\sigma)$ for a Hermitian algebra $(A,\sigma)$. Using this parametrization, we count connected components of the space of maximal framed representations as well as the space of maximal (non-framed) representations.


This paper presents a numerical method for analyzing the electromagnetic transients in three phase transformer circuits, and shows numerical and experimental results of two type three phase circuits. The one circuit consists of the E-type wound core, and the other consists of three C-type wound cores. Both circuits are driven in the star-star connection. Inrush current, induced voltage and neutral voltage of transformers are investigated numerically and experimentally under the condition of zero make on phase. Observed transients are predicited by numerical simulations using this method, and the results are compared with the experimental results showing satisfactory agreement.


Cation retention by soil colloid adsorptive surfaces is believed to inhibit the movement of heavy metal cations in soils. This research was to investigate the movement of Cu and Zn in cultivated field-plots 3 years after treatment with an industrial waste containing considerable Cu and Zn, lime, and organic compost. Three levels of industrial waste (0, 15, and 60 ton ha-1) were mixed with field topsoils of 0-15 cm one week after treatment with lime and organic compost. Extracted Cu and Zn were measured in soil samples collected depth-wise from 0 to 75 cm in field-plots 3 years after treatments. Copper and Zn only from high-level waste-treatments were observed to have significantly moved from topsoils to subsoils of 30 – 75 cm. Unlike that of Zn, the movement of Cu was also shown to be significantly lowered by topsoil treatment with lime and/or compost, suggesting that the increase in soil adsorption capacity inhibited the movement of Cu cations. Most Cu and Zn were retained in topsoils.


Introduction Pancreatic cancer has one of the lowest 5-year survival rates of all cancers. Median survival postdiagnosis is 6 months and so early and accurate diagnosis is vital to improve chance of survival. EUS-FNA has the benefit of being a minimally invasive, well-tolerated procedure although results are operator dependent. The aim of this study is to determine the diagnostic accuracy of EUS-FNA for pancreatic cancer via a meta-analysis of published studies. Methods Relevant studies were identified via MEDLINE and included if they used a reference standard of definitive surgical histology or clinical follow-up of at least 6 months. Study quality was assessed using the STARD (STAndards for the Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy) initiative criteria with a 25-point STARD checklist. Data was analysed by dichotomous classification; where cytology was considered suspicious or atypical this was considered negative for malignancy (Classification #1) or positive for malignancy (Classification #2). Heterogeneity was explored via the I2 statistic and subgroup analysis was performed using the following variables: publication year, study location, number of patients, number of centres involved, study design (retrospective/prospective) and length. Results 33 studies published between 1997 and 2009 were included. 12 were retrospective studies and 21 prospective. The median number of patients included in each study was 151 (range 27–557) and the median study length was 44 months (range 11–119). Based on classification #1, the pooled sensitivity was 0.85 (95% CI 0.84 to 0.86) and pooled specificity was 0.98 (95% CI 0.97 to 0.99). When suspicious/atypical cytology was evaluated as positive for malignancy, it had an improved sensitivity of 0.91 and decreased specificity of 0.94. Specificity was also higher in prospective and multicentred studies. The area under the ROC curve was 0.95. Heterogeneity was decreased in subgroups considering only high quality studies. Table 1 PTH-002 Sensitivity Specificity Subgroup Studies (N) Pooled I-Sq Pooled I-Sq AUC All studies (#1) 33 0.85 82.1 0.98 53.2 0.95 All studies (#2) 33 0.91 72.6 0.94 59.4 0.96 Study design  Retrospective 12 0.8 82.8 0.99 0 0.94  Prospective 22 0.87 78.3 0.98 65.3 0.94 STARD  >13<19 27 0.86 83 0.97 58.5 0.94  ≥19 7 0.82 73.8 0.99 0 0.97 Number of centres  Single 29 0.84 82.4 0.97 51 0.95  Multi 5 0.99 47.9 0.87 79.7 0.98 Conclusion The meta-analysis shows that EUS-FNA is an excellent diagnostic test for solid neoplasms of the pancreas with a sensitivity of 0.85 (95% CI 0.84 to 0.86) and a specificity of 0.98 (95% CI 0.97 to 0.99), with an area under the ROC curve of 0.95. EUS-FNA is a suitable first investigation to perform once a solid lesion is detected.


With the rising fuel cost, increasing demand of power and the concerns for global climate change, the use of clean energy make the connection of power electronics building bloc in the heart of the current research. The high output current applications make the parallel connection of modular inverters to be a solution for the use of low power building block inverters where the output power cannot be handled by a single inverter configuration. In this context, average-modeling using average phase–leg technique allows the n -parallel connected inverters to be analyzed accurately and rapidly without requiring the complexity of the full switched inverter topology. The obtained analytical solution along with the equivalent circuit model makes easier the design of the control loop. The analytical solution of the n -parallel connected inverters shows the impact of the line and grid impedance on the performance of the overall system. The impact of this coupling has to be investigated such that the main feature of paralleling inverters is guaranteed and that the inverter mode of operation will not be compromised. The main advantage of paralleling inverters can be lost for a certain coupling impedance considerations.


Abstractypical Fe–Si sheets were cut using various techniques, reducing the material to ribbons having their grains oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis. The magnetic and magnetoelastic properties in this direction reveal differences in the effects produced by conventional mechanical cutting in comparison with laser cutting. In particular, the latter technique results in both the highest saturation magnetisation level and the lowest values of coercive field, hysteresis loss, and saturation magnetostriction. It can be inferred from the results that laser cutting is effective in decreasing both induced stresses and defects on the cut edges.MST/1446


A comparative study of cells synthesizing immunoglobulins IgA and IgM in intestinal mucosa and various lymphoid tissues of unweaned piglets has been made by immunofluorescence.

The lamina propria of the small intestine contained as many cells synthesizing IgM as those producing IgA. In all other lymphoid organs examined, including Peyer's patches, the number of IgM cells was significantly higher.

The largest population of intestinal immunocytes occurred in the lamina propria of the duodenum where the counts were ten times greater than in the jejunum or ileum.

The relevance of these findings to the earliest stages of development of secretory immunity in the young pig are considered.


651 pregnant women at 26 to 36 weeks gestation were tested 1 hour with 50 g oral load of glucose (Test 50 g). They are passing the threshold of greater than or equal 130 mg / dl in plasma were suspicious of Gestational Diabetes (SDG). You're were subsequently tested oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) stop the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (BG) according to the criteria of the National Diabetes Data Group. The age of pregnant women was 26.3 ± 6.4 years (mean ± SD), range 16-45 years. 310 pregnant women (47.6%) did not have any risk factors for diabetes mellitus. 57 pregnant women (8.7%) were SDG. 32 (4.9%) underwent OGTT, resulting DG 24 patients (3.7%). There was no significant difference in the incidence of BG in people with risk factors and those that had not. The sensitivity of the test was 50 g of 88.9% and specificity of 95.2%. There were 3 DG not detected by the test; so the overall incidence of DG in the study population was 4.1%. The importance of the 50 g test as a screening method in large surveys and their importance in identifying patients by DG greater risk obstetric and perinatal they have on the general population is demonstrated.


In an attempt to analyze the assumption that a multidisciplinary team approach is necessary for identification and evaluation of LD students, this study was designed to a) examine the type of judgments on LD characteristics rendered by different team members, and b) explore which of the groups typically represented on a staffing team was most homogeneous in making decisions on LD students. A sample of 420 professionals and 30 parents were asked to complete a component disability instrument developed for the purpose of obtaining subjective judgments from each of the professional groups and the parents. The consistency of judgment among groups found in this study indicated that the judgments of the groups were comparable when making judgments on LD and non-LD characteristics. Thus, the findings were supportive of the multidisciplinary approach to identification and evaluation of LD children and youth.


Objective To analyze the condition of allocation and utilization of health resources in Hunan province from 1997 to 2008 so as to offer some references for the health administrators to plan the proposal structure of regional health resource scientifically and reasonably.Methods The descriptive analysis was taken to dynamically analyze the utilization and allocation of the health resources including the numbers of health institutions,sickbeds,and the professionals in recent 12 years from 1997 to 2008.Results In recent years,the major indexes like the numbers of health professionals,sickbeds,and hospitals had showed an increased tendency in Hunan,however,the average numbers of health technical members,doctors,and nurses per thousand capita were lower than those of the whole country and there still exists the unreasonable phenomena in the structure of health resources allocation.Conclusion It is necessary to raise the doctor-nurse ratio,increase the quantity of health personnel,optimize the structure and the quality of health resources,and focus on developing community health service.


This paper provides an overview of the major techniques (or tools) for conducting workstation analyses for the purpose of assessing risk for musculoskeletal disorders. No attempt is made to discuss the superiority of one identification tool over another but, rather, to provide information about the relevancy of each in different workstation design scenarios. In addition, the overall process for conducting workstation analyses is discussed with an emphasis on prioritization, solution development, implementation and follow-up strategies. The "trade-off" between extensive evaluations and solution implementation is also discussed.


With the growth in research output of many countries and the increasing focus on use-oriented research, many academic institutions are actively seeking collaborations with industry. At the same time, companies have come together to set up consortia where they discuss technology challenges relevant to their business goals and simultaneously try to encourage and support related education and outreach activities. This helps both the students and other academics as well as industry. The students and the faculty members are able to learn about the industry?s view and the technological challenges faced by it. It is not always possible for people from academia to get involved in faceto-face discussions with people in industry. Education and outreach activities by industry provides them this chance. At the same time, industry gets to have a voice, even if indirect, in the training and the learning process of students. This way, industry hopes to contribute to a bettertrained student population that will join the workforce in the future.


Background: Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent lymphoma generally considered incurable with current standard therapies. Recent advances have resulted in prolongation of overall survival (OS) for patients with FL such that death from competing causes may now limit the mortality impact of FL in some patient groups. Identification of patients for whom FL related mortality is expected to be minimal, or conversely those at high risk of disease related mortality, is highly clinically relevant. We recently reported (Maurer et al, JCO 2014;32:1066-73) that event-free survival (EFS) at 24 months from diagnosis is a robust endpoint for disease related outcome in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Here we use the same approach to assess if landmark timepoints of EFS can stratify subsequent OS in FL. Methods: All newly diagnosed grade 1-3a FL patients enrolled on the University of Iowa/Mayo Clinic Lymphoma SPORE Molecular Epidemiology Resource (MER) from 2002-2011 were eligible. Patients with grade 3b FL, transformation, or presence of DLBCL at diagnosis were excluded. EFS was defined as time from diagnosis to progression, relapse, re-treatment, or death due to any cause. EFS12 was defined based on EFS status 12 months after date of diagnosis; we also assessed EFS at 24 months. OS was defined as time from a specific timepoint (diagnosis, event, or EFS12) until death due to any cause. OS was compared to age and sex matched survival in the general US population using an expected survival approach and standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Outcomes were examined in all patients as well as selected subsets defined by initial treatment. Replication was performed using a Lyon, France hospital registry of newly diagnosed grade 1-3a FL patients enrolled from 2002-2010 with survival compared to French population data. Results: 936 patients with grade 1-3a FL were eligible from the MER. The median age at diagnosis was 60 years (range 19-91) and 53% were male. 86% had grade 1-2 disease and 14% grade 3a disease. 23% had high-risk disease (FLIPI score ≥3). 347 (37%) were initially treated with alkylator or anthracyline based immunochemotherapy (IC), 113 (12%) rituximab monotherapy (RM), and 318 (34%) were initially observed; the remaining patients received radiation for limited stage disease (8%), chemotherapy without rituximab (4%), or other therapy (5%). At a median follow-up of 59 months (range 1-131), 403 patients (43%) had an event and 120 patients (13%) had died; 155 patients (17%) failed to achieve EFS12. From diagnosis, patients with FL had inferior OS compared to the general population (SMR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.03-1.48, p=0.018); results were similar for patients with grade 1-2 (SMR=1.23) and grade 3a (SMR=1.29) disease. The survival deficit was eliminated in patients who achieved EFS12 (SMR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.66-1.09, p=0.20, Fig 1a), and so we did not pursue modeling EFS24. In contrast, patients with a non-death event (relapse, retreatment, or progression) within 12 months of diagnosis had inferior subsequent OS (SMR=3.90, 95% CI: 2.89-5.25, p=4.8x10-19, Fig 1b). These results were replicated in 153 FL patients from the Lyon registry: patients who achieved EFS12 had equivalent subsequent OS to the general French population (SMR=0.82, 95% CI: 0.39-1.72, p=0.60, Fig 1c), while patients who failed to achieve EFS12 had poor subsequent OS (SMR=4.16, 95% CI: 1.34-12.91, p=0.013, Fig 1d). In subset analysis of the MER, patients achieving EFS12 initially treated with IC (SMR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.63-1.54, p=0.93), RM (SMR=0.66, 95% CI: 0.31-1.38, p=0.27), or observation (SMR=0.73, 95% CI: 0.47-1.15, p=0.18) had equivalent OS to the population. In contrast, for patients not achieving EFS12, OS after event was inferior for those treated with IC (SMR=15.0, 95% CI: 10.22-22.05, p=2.0x10-43) or RM (SMR=4.96, 95% CI: 1.24-19.84, p=0.023), while trending towards inferior for those initially observed (SMR=1.55, 95% CI: 0.81-2.99, p=0.19). Summary: Events within the first 12 months of diagnosis are associated with poor OS in FL, especially in patients treated with IC, while patients achieving EFS12 have excellent subsequent survival, overall and in the main treatment subsets. Prognosis for FL patients should be recalibrated at 12 months from diagnosis. EFS12 will be useful in counseling and should be considered as an endpoint in studies of newly diagnosed FL. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The angle‐of‐attack (AOA) three‐loop feedback autopilot is an improved three‐loop autopilot that has been widely employed in missile control systems. For spinning missiles, however, unstable coning motion can be induced by the cross‐couple effect. For spinning missiles with an AOA feedback autopilot, this paper analyzes the coning motion stability with the consideration of the augmentation loop and the position of the accelerometer and compares the performance of three decoupling methods. First, a novel double‐channel actuator AOA three‐loop autopilot is established, and the sufficient and necessary condition of coning motion stability is proposed analytically on account of the complex system equations. The stability condition shows that the stable region of the design parameters for the autopilot shrinks as a result of the spinning condition. Moreover, methods associated with actuator dynamics, control coupling, static stability, and the decoupling method of setting the lead angle to the control system are presented to improve the stability of spinning missiles. Numerical simulations are implemented to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed methods, whose results illustrate that the stability conditions can guide AOA autopilot design for the flight stabilization of spinning missiles.


tract: ost of the metropolitan city centres, the life quality is often evaluated by parameters such as the sity of crime per population. Leaving the sociological aspects of the subject aside, this article aims xplore the possible relationship between the notion of crime and the urban topology. The research a is set to be two historically and physically similar downtown districts of Beyoglu (Pera) in Istanbul. analytical discussion of the parameters mentioned above is based on the space syntax and the inal file analyses. The results of these give hints that there is a relationship between crime uencies and street patterns.


Recent f e m i n i s t l i t e r a t u r e has c e l e b r a t e d women's c a p a c i t i e s f o r g r o w t h f a c i l i t a t i n g r e l a t i o n s h i p s (Bernard, 1976; Chodorow, 1978; D i n n e r s t e i n , 1976; G i l l i g a n , 1982; M i l l e r , 1976; Smith-Rosenberg, 1975). M i l l e r (1976) has regarded a f f i l i a t i o n as c o n s i s t e n t with a r e d e f i n e d , enhanced and enlarged conception of autonomy. She p o s i t e d that autonomy and a f f i l i a t i o n have been d e f i n e d i n c o n t r a s t to each other only because the former i s a term d e r i v e d from male experience, with masculine emphasis on independence and c o m p e t i t i o n . M i l l e r has maintained that women w i l l d e f i n e a u t o n o m y i n r e l a t i o n s h i p as interdependence rather than independence. This study i s a beginning toward v a l i d a t i n g t h i s theory and d e s c r i b i n g the nature of these g r o w t h f a c i l i t a t i n g bonds, as w e l l as examining the impact of the negative aspects of women's same-sex r e l a t i o n s h i p s , as p o s i t e d by Rawlings and Ca r t e r (1977) and Caplan (1981). I t provi d e s some resea r c h support f o r the r e d e f i n i t i o n of Maslow's (1954) concept of s e l f a c t u a l i z a t i o n based on t h i s female p e r s p e c t i v e . Twenty-three women p s y c h o l o g i s t s , aged 35 to 68, were interv i e w e d . A l l had scored as s e l f a c t u a l i z i n g on the Personal O r i e n t a t i o n Inventory (Shostrom, 1963). The i n t e r v i e w s employed the c r i t i c a l i n c i d e n t technique (Flanagan, 1954) to e l i c i t i n f o r m a t i o n on the s u b j e c t s ' r e l a t i o n s h i p s with other women that had f a c i l i t a t e d or hindered t h e i r progress toward s e l f a c t u a l i z a t i o n , as they d e f i n e d that concept. Most of the women intervi e w e d experienced t h e i r r e l a t i o n s h i p s with other women as f a c i l i t a t i n g t h e i r s e l f a c t u a l i z a t i o n . The data they p r o v i d e d i n d i c a t e d that the cumulative impact of r e l a t i o n s h i p s was more s i g n i f i c a n t than that of p a r t i c u l a r i n c i d e n t s . T h e r e f o r e the 133 f a c i l i t a t i v e r e l a t i o n s h i p s they d e s c r i b e d were c a t e g o r i z e d i n t o four basic types: 1. I n s p i r a t ion . The subject i s i n s p i r e d by a model who she p e r c e i v e s to be more s e l f a c t u a l i z e d than h e r s e l f in some aspect, o f t e n r e l a t e d to the competency t r a i t s . 2. A f f i r m a t i o n . The subject f e e l s a p p r e c i a t e d , a f f i r m e d , accepted, respected, t r u s t e d , or loved, u s u a l l y by an a u t h o r i t y f i g u r e . 3. Challenge . The f a c i l i t a t o r guides, a d v i s e s , pushes, q u e s t i o n s , c o n f r o n t s , c o r r e c t s , or reproaches the sub j e c t , thereby prompting her to re-examine and change her behaviour in a d i r e c t i o n that proves to be s e l f a c t u a l i z i n g . 4. M u t u a l i t y . The subject p a r t i c i p a t e s i n a mutual r e l a t i o n s h i p c h a r a c t e r i z e d by s i m i l a r i t y , involvement, openness, empathy, interdependence, c a r i n g , p l e a s u r e , growth, noncomp e t i t i v e n e s s , acceptance of c o n f l i c t , and endurance over t ime. It was suggested that these four dimensions of f a c i l i t a t i v e r e l a t i o n s h i p s r e f l e c t a developmental p r o g r e s s i o n with readiness f o r the l a t t e r (Challenge and M u t u a l i t y ) being based on previous experience with the former ( I n s p i r a t i o n and A f f i r m a t i o n ) . About one-quarter of the women, however, s t a t e d that r e l a t i o n s h i p s with women a c t u a l i z a t i o n and that s p i r i t u a l i t y , or t h e i r own s i g n i f i c a n t f a c t o r s . The i m p l i c a t i o n s of women are d i s c u s s e d . i v had not f a c i l i t a t e d t h e i r s e l f r e l a t i o n s h i p s with men, t h e i r independent e f f o r t s had been the the f i n d i n g s f o r the c o u n s e l l i n g of


The term, Artificial Intelligence (AI), has changed since it was first coined by John MacCarthy in 1956. AI, believed to have been created with Kurt Gödel's unprovable computational statements in 1931, is now called deep learning or machine learning. AI is defined as a computer machine with the ability to make predictions about the future and solve complex tasks, using algorithms. The AI algorithms are enhanced and become effective with big data capturing the present and the past while still necessarily reflecting human biases into models and equations. AI is also capable of making choices like humans, mirroring human reasoning. AI can help robots to efficiently repeat the same labor intensive procedures in factories and can analyze historic and present data efficiently through deep learning, natural language processing, and anomaly detection. Thus, AI covers a spectrum of augmented intelligence relating to prediction, autonomous intelligence relating to decision making, automated intelligence for labor robots, and assisted intelligence for data analysis.


The analysis of groundwater quality of important town areas of Thrissur district was carried out during the pre-monsoon period of 2014. The Physicochemical and biological parameters such as temperature, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid, pH, alkalinity, chloride, salinity, total harness, calcium, magnesium, iron, phosphate, sulphate, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total coliform count and E. coli were determined. Most of the physicochemical parameters were observed above the desirable limit but below the permissible limit of drinking water standards of World Health Organization (WHO). Total coliform bacteria count values of different samples are within the permissible limit. The studies reveal that samples from Thrissur town (T), Guruvayoor (G) and Laloor (L) shows the presence of E.coli bacteria. All other samples were negative for E.coli bacteria. Dumping of wastes near road sides, flood due to heavy rains, improper waste management in hospitals, markets, flats etc increases the pollution of ground water. The results were compared with WHO guidelines, 2006 and Bureau of Indian Standards (IS: 10500, 1991) desirable limits for drinking water. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i2.12636 International Journal of Environment Vol.4(2) 2015: 182-192


Objective Study the change and influence of assessment and treatment to stable patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2011.Methods Two hundred and sixty-nine stable COPD patients' data were collected including symptom,lung function,acute exacerbation.Analyzing the staging and group according to GOLD 2006 and GOLD 2011.Compare the influence of treatment strategies with the old and new initiative.Results Evaluate patients' symptoms with COPD assessment test (CAT) and modified british medical research council (mMRC).The number of more symptoms patients (B group and D group) was increased by CAT and the total number of patients in C group and D group is similar.Comparing GOLD 2006 with GOLD 2011,44 patients (16.4 %) in stage Ⅱ needed to change the initial treatment.Risk classification of acute exacerbation is the main factor affecting the group and treatment.FEV1 has positive correlation with the clinical symptoms and the frequency of acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD)(P <0.01),is also an important objective index of symptom evaluation and risk prognosis.Conclusions Assessing the stable COPD patients with GOLD 2011 is more comprehensive in clinical operation.The results mainly influence the group and treatment of patients in stage Ⅱ and to prognose AECOPD.Though FEV1 is related with the symptom and frequency of AECOPD,but FEV1 is not a sensitive indicator to assess of COPD.The frequency of AECOPD has large impact on COPD risk classification.

Key words:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Symptom score; Assessment; Treatment


The objective of this invited commentary is to increase health care provider awareness of pharmabiotics, living microbes, as a therapeutic modality that is poised to enter the market. As understanding of the link between the microbiome and health grows stronger, so does the potential to improve human health by utilizing live microbes as therapeutics. In recent years, data on the potential therapeutic use of microbes has expanded considerably, along with associated nomenclature including "probiotics," "prebiotics," "synbiotics," "psychobiotics," and "pharmabiotics."


OBJECTIVE To understand anti-bacteria effect about Meizhiying underpants by added medicinal herbs,and provide reference for the clinical application.METHODS Totally 100 underpants were given to 50 females of different profession,2 underpants for each female.To check anti-bacteria effect of it after washed 50 times every underpant.RESULTS A total of 74 qualified samples were collected,their anti-bacteria rates were differently 98.79% to Staphylococcus aureus,96.83% to Escherichia coli,79.59% to Candida albicans.no obvious side-effects was observed.CONCLUSION It′s obviously effective and safe for Meizhiying underpants by adding medicinal herbs to inhibit non-conditional bacteria in females.


The health care consultation process may often achieve a number of identifiable outcomes; the question remains if there are additional benefits to this process. Are there intangible benefits that the patient believes they receive when attending a health care practitioner that extend beyond the symptomological relief of pain and disability of their presenting complaint? Is it valuable, in the paradigm of patient centred care, for practitioners to be aware of their patient's perception of these extended or broader benefits of care? In a consumer driven society, does the patient's expectation of the consultation require practitioners to take a closer look at their needs and address these in a way that ensures improved patient compliance and satisfaction. It is the intention of this paper to examine a number of issues that may have a bearing on the patient's perceptions of the broader benefits of care beyond the relief of pan and disability. Patient centred care, the consultation models, expectations of care and previous work detailing perceived benefits of care in the Complementary and Alternative medicine (CAM) model will be reviewed thereby hopefully opening the doors for further discussion and research in this important area.


More on Calcineurin's Role Protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation plays a dominant role in controlling many cellular processes. In endothelial cells (ECs), cytoskeletal rearrangement evoked by thrombin results in stress fiber formation which correlates with the elevated phosphorylation state of EC myosin light chain. Attenuated thrombin-induced stress fiber formation can be detected in ECs transfected by a constitutively active form of the calcineurin (Cn) catalytic subunit, while inhibition of calcineurin by cyclosporin A or FK506 caused prolonged contraction of the cells. Calcineurin is involved in the recovery of ECs from thrombin-induced dysfunction. Immunofluorescent detection of EC transfection with Cn catalytic subunit isoforms and Texas red-phalloidin staining was visualized on paraformaldehyde-fixed bovine pulmonary artery EC. The role of calcineurin in EC contraction induced by inflammatory mediators has special significance since Cn inhibitors are used as immunosuppressive drugs and their side effect is reported to induce endothelial dysfunction.


Conceptualization ing her or him to function in less comfortable modes. The movement around this circle is a natural learn ing progression. Humans sense and feel, they experience, then they watch, they reflect, then they think, they develop theories, then they try out theories, they experiment. Fi nally, they evaluate and synthesize what they have learned in order to apply it to their next similar experi ence. They get smarter. They apply experience to experiences.


Efficient antimicrobials are urgently needed for the treatment of bacterial biofilms due to their resistance to traditional drugs. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new strategy that has been used to combat bacteria and biofilms. Cationic photosensitizers, particularly cationic photodynamic nanoagents, are usually chosen to enhance photodynamic antimicrobial activity. However, positively charged nanoparticles (NPs) are beneficial to cellular internalization, which causes increased cell cytotoxicity. Herein, a pH‐sensitive photodynamic nanosystem is designed. Rose Bengal (RB) polydopamine (PDA) NPs are decorated in a layer‐by‐layer fashion with polymyxin B (PMB) and gluconic acid (GA) to generate functionally adaptive NPs (RB@PMB@GA NPs). RB@PMB@GA NPs remain negative at physiological pH and exhibit good biocompatibility. When RB@PMB@GA NPs are exposed to an acidic infectious environment, the surface charge of the NPs is, in turn, positively charged as a result of pH‐sensitive electrostatic interactions. This surface charge conversion allows the RB@PMB@GA to effectively bind to the surfaces of bacteria and enhance photoinactivation efficiency against gram‐negative bacteria. Most importantly, RB@PMB@GA NPs exhibit good biofilm penetration and eradication under acidic conditions. Furthermore, RB@PMB@GA NPs efficiently eliminate biofilm infections in vivo. This study provides a promising strategy for safely treating biofilm‐associated infections in vivo.


The crack and pore morphologies in the needle cokes from petroleum and coal tar pitches were studied, relying on the montage pictures of two perpendicular sections in the coke by the aid of microscopes. The macrocracks developed on the boundary of different textures and on the U-type disclination of the fibrous texture even in the green coke. The microcracks and medium cracks appeared in the straight fibrous and mosaic textures and in the domein texture, respectively, of the calcined coke. The crack development is schematically described based on the thermal shrinkages of the coke, assuming that the extent is essentially determined by the degree of orientation which reflects the optical anisotropy.


Dr Daniel Pipes, director and founder of the Middle Eastern Forum, an American thinktank, is one of the world's foremost experts on the Middle East and Islam, most specifically on Islamism, and Islamist terrorism. The son of the renowned historian and Sovietologist Professor Richard Pipes, who served as President Reagan's top adviser on the Soviet Union, Daniel Pipes was appointed last year by President Bush to the board of directors of the US Institute of Peace, which is dedicated to 'the prevention, management and peaceful resolution of international conflicts'.


The fields of Software Engineering and System Engineering has for a long time been considered two independent research areas. Recently, attempts have been made to overlap the gap. I plan to contribute to that effort by developing a tool for translating code from the Architecture Definition Language AADL to the Abstract State Machine Language TASM.


Theoretical model of the excitonic spectra in hexagonal 2D structures of two components (donors (D) and acceptors (A) respectively) has been explored. The A molecules occupy the nodes of a hexagonal lattice and D molecules are located in the centers of hexagons and create a trigonal lattice. 2D compounds of similar structure DA2 have been realized in MXenes – transition metal carbides, nitrides, or carbonitrides. Two types of molecular excitons and their coupling have been treated: (a) Charge Transfer Excitons (CTEs) of ionized DA pair of neighbor molecules (six branches of CTEs); (b) Frenkel excitons with the origin of electronic excitations of neutral excited D or A molecule. The symmetry analysis and Green functions methods are the basis of calculations of the excitonic spectra and of the levels of linear absorption in polarizations perpendicular and parallel to the molecular layer. PACS codes: 71.35Aa, 71.35.Cc, 73.35Pq


SNMPv3 introduces a security subsystem into the management framework and defines a User-based Security Model(USM), which enhances the security of SNMP?Through MAC?encryption and timestamp,USM protects management messages from communication threats?The paper describes the elements ?implementation of USM,tests the efficiency?performance and analyzes the impact on the whole system's performance?


The paper deals with scrutinizing the vibration and dynamic pull-in behaviours of carbon nanotubes with different dimensions and boundary conditions. The strain gradient theory as a nonclassical elasticity theorem is applied in this research to compensate the limitations of the classical theories in predicting the mechanical behaviours of the micro- and nanostructures in general and carbon nanotubes, in particular under electrostatic actuation. The results reveal that the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube (CNTs) computed using the strain gradient theory differ significantly with those obtained from the classical theory. The strain gradient theory leads to higher stiffness and pull-in voltages for CNTs.


In this paper, the problem of interval controlling between arriving flights is researched. According to character of arriving flights dynamic process, bring forward reasonable assumption, and convert problem of arriving flights' interval controlling, whose attribute is discrete event dynamic system, into problem of generalized dynamic system controlling. Through analyzing actual measuring data, establish model of arriving flights dynamic process by identification technology, and design arriving flights interval control system with method of model reference adaptive control (MRAC). Adopting MATLAB to carry out simulation, result shows that arriving flights' intervals variance obviously reduces and process of arriving flights becomes smooth. This supplies new way to research and develop air traffic control (ATC) assistant decision system, and realize ATC automation.


The hot stamping processes of B-bearing steel sheet after hot rolling were simulated at Gleeble 1500,the microstructure and mechanical properties were analyzed at different heat treatment conditions,and the segregation of boron and precipitation of boron phase were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis and particulate tracking autoradiograph(PTA) technology.It can be found that the boron segregation and austenization of martensite steel were accelerated with the increasing of heating temperature and holding time.The suitable content of boron can provided enough hardenability so that martensitic transformation can be completed thoroughly in the tested steel.The deformation during hot stamping process was able to break austenite and accelerate the phase transformation in order to obtain fine martensite.If cooling rate is not enough high after heating,the boron phase easily precipitates at grain boundary continuously,which leads to the decreasing of hardenability.


This study sought to investigate the work-related stress among high school teachers in the Hhohho region of Swaziland. It followed the descriptive-correlation research design and adopted the Person-Environment Fit theory. The target population of this study was all qualified teachers teaching in high schools in the Hhohho region of Swaziland. The sampling procedure that was employed to select the schools and the teachers to participate in this investigation was simple random sampling. A pilot testing was conducted. Validity and reliability of instruments were attended to. Required permissions were obtained from relevant authorities and the sample gave informed consent. Questionnaire response rate was 82%. Quantitative data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 10.0. The findings of the study showed that high school teachers in the Hhohho region of Swaziland are moderately stressed. Relevant recommendations are given. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n15p575


ZnO can be made into many nanostructures that have unique properties for advanced applications. This Letter reports a process to synthesize ZnO nanorods in a counterflow diffusion flame reactor. Unlike the previous work on flame syntheses, our work shows that pure ZnO nanorods can be made in a freestanding form. It was demonstrated that ZnO nanorods with different aspect ratios can be obtained by adjusting the synthetic conditions of the reactor. Further, we showed that the nanorods have a unique crystalline orientation. INTRODUCTION ZnO is a II-VI semiconductor with a large bandgap (3.37 eV) that can be excited using short wavelength emissions such as UV radiation at room temperature. ZnO has a wurtzite structure and belongs to the non-centrosymmetric point group 6mm. 1 This property makes ZnO a highly suitable material for piezoelectric and pyroelectric applications. 1 ZnO has also been demonstrated to be a promising anode material in dye-sensitized solar cells. 1 Based on the applications for which it is being used, ZnO can be made into various nanostrucutures such as nanoparticles, nanorods, nanobelts, nanocombs, and nanocages. 1 Due to its high photon emission efficiency ZnO can be considered as a substitute material for TiO2 which is used in most of the photocatalytic applications. 2,3 Also, by addition of suitable dopants to ZnO the band gap can be changed and hence its photonic properties can be altered. 4,5 ZnO and ZnO composites have been used for gas sensing applications. 6 In addition to the above discussed applications, ZnO also finds it use as field emission transistors (FET), chemical and biological sensors, nanoresonators, and nanocantilevers. 1 ZnO nanorods have been produced in various gas-phase processes such as flame spray pyrolysis (FSP), laser ablation plume, metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE), chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and counterflow diffusion flames (CDF). 7,8,9,10,11 Apart from the above mentioned gas-phase processes, ZnO have also been synthesized using thermal plasma techniques with and without substrates. 12,13 The ZnO nanorods that were grown in the various gas-phase synthesis routes such as FSP, laser ablation plume, MOVPE and CVD used a reactor furnace for depositing ZnO on the surface of a substrate. These processes are batch type, and hence cannot be used for large-scale production. FSP and CDF processes are continuous and hence, they are pretty easy for scale-up. Initial work done by Akhtar et al. 14 and Tani et al. 15 showed that ZnO could be synthesized using FSP. But, they could not get controlled formation of the product. Hence to rectify this drawback Height et al. 7 added dopants like In and Sn to promote the growth of ZnO nanorods in a specific direction in the absence of a substrate. Addition of dopants makes the resultant product impure and as discussed earlier, purity of ZnO is an important factor for its usability in the semiconductor industry. 16 Peng et al. 13 synthesized ZnO nanorods in large quantities without substrate by using a radio frequency thermal plasma system. By varying the powder-feeding rate, they have produced ZnO nanorods with aspect ratios of 2-14. The diameter of the nanorods produced was 50 nm. Xu et.al 11 used the CDF to synthesize various nanostructures of ZnO. But, a Zn-plated metal substrate was used for the preferential growth of ZnO nanorods. Use of a substrate limits the large-scale production of ZnO nanorods. 13 The current work proposes a substrate-free and catalyst-free continuous production of ZnO nanorods. It has also been shown that by varying the flow rate of the precursor and the gas flow rates, ZnO nanorods of various aspect ratios can be obtained. Unlike the previous work done on ZnO nanarods, the current work proposes that the diameter and the length of the nanorods can be controlled easily by just varying the process parameters. EXPERIMENTAL The CDF reactor developed by Katz et al. 17 was used to study the nucleation of refractory compounds. The CDF reactor was further developed by Xing et al. 18 to produce nanoparticles of different morphologies. The CDF reactor shown in Fig.1 has a unique configuration, which consists of two vertical channels of rectangular cross sections that are positioned opposite to each other. The rectangular channels have a high aspect ratio, which makes the dimension of one of the sides negligible, and nanoparticles evolve along the third direction. In one of the channels hydrogen diluted with nitrogen and in the other channel oxygen diluted with nitrogen are introduced. Adjusting the flow rates of the gases can control the flame location. The flame established using the combustion gases produces a temperature gradient between the mouth of the burner and the flame. Particle morphology can be easily controlled using the CDF reactor because of the different chemical environment present on either sides of the flame. The important point that needs to be considered is that the flame should be nearly flat for producing nanoparticles of uniform size and shape. This flat flame can be obtained by using a honeycomb mesh on the rectangular cross sections. The setup is connected to a vacuum pump, which helps in collecting the nanoparticles. To produce ZnO, Diethyl Zinc (DEZ) was used as the precursor. DEZ is highly volatile and burns in air. Hence, DEZ was diluted with hexane in a glove box in the ratio of 1:1 to eliminate the chances of burning DEZ. The solution is then filled in gas tight syringe and then introduced into the reactor using a syringe pump. This setup helps in adjusting the flow rate with precision. The ZnO powder produced was collected using a vacuum pump. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were carried out using the Philips X'Pert x-ray diffractometer with a 2 varying from 6 to 90 O at a scan rate of 0.025 deg s -1 using a Cu K- radiation. The operating conditions for the diffractometer are 45kV and 40 mA. The experimental conditions used to produce ZnO are shown in Table 1. Table 1: Experimental conditions used to produce ZnO powder Precursor flow rate (ml/hr) H2 gas flow rate (l/min) N2 in H2 gas flow rate (l/min) O2 gas flow rate (l/min) N2 in O2 gas flow rate (l/min)


This paper examines the implications of international returns to scale and globalization of production for commercial policy. Though national returns justify subsidization for small countries, the first-best policy for small countries acting on their own under international returns is free trade. However, a coalition of such small countries can justify an active, interventionist commercial policy, even when it is unable to manipulate world prices. In general, optimal subsidy rates for increasing returns sectors are greater for a coalition than for its members when acting on their own when terms-of-trade effects are controlled for.


Protein–protein interactions are notoriously difficult to target with small molecules as large, discontinuous surfaces are often involved1, 2 that can adopt different conformations to interact with diverse binding partners.3–5 In addition, protein surfaces are inherently flexible, exemplified by reports of hits from high-throughput screens that were found to bind in previously unidentified pockets resulting from surface flexibility.6 These factors significantly complicate structure-based drug discovery in the context of protein–protein interfaces.7 The ability to understand the flexibility of the protein surface and predict its adaptive changes conditioned by molecular recognition of a ligand would open up new avenues for targeting protein–protein interactions. However, despite significant interest there are few systematic methods to accomplish this.8, 9


"I take as my starting point the idea of stories as vehicles for meaning that is decoded
through the interaction of performer and audience . Stories reveal our negotiated and multiple identities and how we see ourselves. I will discuss why we tell certain stories, how meaning is negotiated and how we might decode and derive meaning from the process of storytelling, rather than simply the story itself."


The utility model discloses a substation, in particular to an intelligent box-type substation, which is characterized in that the substation comprises a voltage reactive power compensation device, a long-range metering system, a load monitoring control management system and a low-voltage power distribution monitoring failure alarm system, a combination switch adopted by the substation realizes the reactive power quick dynamic compensation and the adjustment of the voltage, the wireless communication network fiber network and other communication networks are communicated with a computer to establish the long-rang metering, monitoring, failure alarm, control and management systems, which realizes the long-range automatic metering, the control, analysis, statistics and load monitoring control manage of the electric energy quality of the power distribution network, and the online monitoring control failure alarm of the failure of the power distribution equipment. The intelligent box-type substation adopts the intercommunication between the wireless communication network fiber network and other communication networks and the computer to establish the communication link, which realizes the state of the long-range monitoring power distribution equipment, the online monitoring control failure alarm and other main functions.


Organic and inorganic clusteroluminescence have attracted great attention while the underlying mechanisms is still not well understood. Here, we employed a series of ancient inorganic complexes platinocyanides with aggregation‐induced emission property to elucidate the mechanism of clusteroluminescence including how does the chromophore form and how does the solid structures influence the luminescence behaviors. The results indicate that the isolated platinocyanide cannot work as a chromophore to emit visible light, while their clusterization at aggregate state can trigger the d‐orbitals coupling of the platinum atoms to facilitate the electron exchange and delocalization to form a new chromophore to emit visible light. Furthermore, the counter ions and H2O ligands help to rigidify the three‐dimensional network structure of the platinocyanides to suppress the excited state nonradiative decay, resulting in the high quantum yield of up to 96%. This work fundamentally helps understanding both the organic and inorganic clusteroluminescence phenomenon.


Fats (triacylglycerols) can crystallize in different forms each with its own unique packing of the molecules. This influences the density, melting point, the way the crystals grow, and the way they respond to cooling and shearing etc. In this work we have studied several different ice cream fats in healthier ice creams containing less saturated fatty acids (SFA). Where the amount of SFA has been greatly reduced it is necessary to design ice cream fats that crystallize and grow crystals in a specific way. The fat systems form crystals within the emulsion drops during cooling and freezing of the mix. In this part of the process we also see a destabilization of droplets creating an opportunity for the fat crystals to continue to grow and form a network in the bulk phase and lock the ice crystals. This is important since ice melts as the temperature fluctuates even at temperatures well below zero degrees because of sugars and salts from milk solids. By having a system where the crystals grow more as plates the crystals span a much greater volume. This facilitates the formation of agglomerated fat that encompasses small ice crystals giving ice creams with greater form stability and storage stability. Furthermore designing fat mixtures that crystallize in the beta form gives a higher melting point. This, together with the fact that these crystals have lower solubility than beta prime crystals gives a higher solid fat content which is beneficial when working with low SFA systems. In AAK's new generation of low SFA fats we have used this knowledge and this is why our Akomix LS range performs so well in application.


This project uses information and communication technologies (ICT ) which includes wikis, blog and email to facilitate knowledge exchange between pre/in-service teachers in New York City and Taipei to increase their awareness of globalization.


ABSTRACT Introduction The explosive power of the lower limbs is an indispensable index in soccer. Having a good level of explosive power establishes a solid foundation for the performance and the competitive level of soccer players. Objective Promote the conditions to improve the explosive level of soccer players and improve their performance and competitive level. Methods This paper presents the influence of compound strength training on the explosive power of the lower limbs of soccer athletes. Based on 27 young 9-year-old soccer players from Zai Ming Football Club of a sports college as experimental material, the composite training was carried out. Results The growth rates of these rates in the experimental group were 3.3%, 2.3%, 5.0%, 3.6%, 9.2%, 12.1%, 20.5%, 5.7%, 11.9%, 16.9% and 19.5% respectively, while those in the control group were 1.2%, 0.7%, 4.2%, 3.1%, 6.8%, 7.8%, 5.1%, 4.2%, 4.8%, 12.5% and 19.2% respectively. The growth rate of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group and the blank control group. Conclusion Compared with the control group and the neutral control group, the experimental group with compound training has a better training effect on improving the lower limb explosiveness of youth soccer players. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.


Bicistronic (and polycistronic) mRNA translation is commonplace in eubacteria, although translation of the downstream cistrons may not invariably involve coupled termination-reinitiation events. In contrast, efficient translation of the downstream cistron of a bicistronic mRNA is exceedingly rare in eukaryotes, unless there is an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) or unless the upstream cistron is very short. In this chapter, we first review the eubacterial mechanism of coupled termination-reinitiation and then discuss the reasons that similar events do not generally occur in eukaryotes. We then review the mechanism underlying one of the few exceptional cases of reinitiation on a eukaryotic bicistronic mRNA with a long upstream open reading frame (ORF), and we conclude by examining what it is that is so very different when the ORF is short that it results in reinitiation being the normal (default) outcome. TRANSLATIONAL COUPLING AND TERMINATION-REINITIATION IN PROKARYOTES Each cistron of a eubacterial polycistronic mRNA usually has its own Shine-Dalgarno (SD) motif, which should, in principle, allow it to be translated independently. However, in a great many polycistronic mRNAs, there is translational coupling: Initiation of translation of a downstream cistron (cistron n + 1) is quite strictly dependent on translation of an upstream cistron, generally the immediate upstream cistron (cistro n n ). The usual explanation is that the initiation site of cistron n + 1 is occluded by secondary structure base-pairing with the coding region of cistron n (often the far upstream coding region), and so it requires translation of cistron n to unwind this secondary...


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In this paper we explored the relationship between metacognitive statements and learning gains with students' typed and spoken interactions with an intelligent tutoring system, called AutoTutor. Analyses revealed that students who entered their contributions via speech showed a significantly higher proportion of metacognitive statements (e.g., I'm not following, I understand). There was a significant negative correlation between metacognitive statements and posttest scores on both typed and spoken interactions. Students with low prior knowledge expressed more metacognitive statements than did students with high prior knowledge. Therefore, metacognitive expressions reflect the learners' knowledge deficits as opposed to improved knowledge monitoring from greater subject matter knowledge.


Localized urban food systems are gaining attention from policy makers, planners, and advocates for benefits that go well beyond food production and consumption. Recognizing that agriculture, and food systems more broadly, provide multiple, integrated services, this study measures the social, educational, civic, and nutritional impacts of four common types of local food system activity in an urban setting. Specifically, we examine the outcomes of two common types of urban agricultural production (home gardens and community gardens) and two common types of direct markets (farmers' markets and Community Supported Agriculture programs or CSAs) through a survey of 424 gardeners and 450 direct market shoppers in California's San Francisco Bay Area. Our comparative analysis focuses on four commonly discussed functions of agricultural production and direct marketing in urban areas: access to high-quality, fresh produce; food and agriculture education; social connections; and civic engagement. While impacts on nutrition were consistently high, some of the largest differences between types of local food system activity were in social interaction and civic engagement. For example, gardeners had a mean score of 3.77 on the social interaction scale compared to direct market participants, who had a mean score of 3.03. These findings confirm that different types of local production and direct marketing have distinct impacts on participants. Generally, gardens, which involve more sustained engagement with other people and the natural world, were sites of greater learning, connection, and civic participation than either type of direct marketing.