In the 1970s, the EU Council authorized that the usage of antimicrobials as feed additives was permitted if the antibiotic did "not endanger animal or human health nor harm the consumer of livestock products" [2]. However, this precaution did not account for bacterial evolutionary paths that lead to antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in livestock and transfer of such bacteria to humans, e.g., through food consumption. Subsequently it was recognized that usage of the growth promotor avoparcin in food-producing animals via cross-resistance caused vancomycin resistance in enterococci in humans [3]. As early as 1994, using avoparcin as a growth promoter for food-producing animals was banned in Denmark because of the negative implications vancomycin-resistant enterococci could inflict on the health care system. The EU banned usage of avoparcin in 1997. Of note, by 2000, the agricultural industry in Denmark voluntarily banned usage of all AGPs in poultry and pig production [4]. The EU banned usage of AGPs for foodproducing animals beginning January 1, 2006 [5]. To curb the usage of antimicrobials, in 1994–1995 additional interventions were established in Denmark. Foremost, limitations on veterinarians' profits from sales of prescribed medicines were introduced: (1) practicing veterinarians were not permitted to own a company that distributed prescription medications; and (2) veterinarians could resell only legally bought medicines (from pharmacies) to farmers with a fixed profit. Furthermore, actions were taken to increase the awareness of the Cascade rule [6], which established the Maximum Residue Limit (EEC 2377/90) in food-producing animals limiting the excessive magisterial production of prescribed medicines occurring at the time. Finally, Veterinary Health Advisory Contracts between farmers and veterinarians were established. These were intended to support preventive measures with respect to the occurrence of diseases based on regular farm visits [2,8].


A technique for identification of system dynamics under the influence of measurement noise is presented. When output signal from sensor is corrupted by noise, identification of system parameters become an arduous task. Therefore, denoising methods can be employed in order to achieve a clean limit cycle under noisy environment. A Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method has been reported as an effective technique for the mitigation of noise by an appropriate thresholding. Generalized explicit expressions are examined to obtain unknown plant model parameters for stable and unstable First Order Plus Dead Time (FOPDT) processes. Examples are illustrated to show the effectiveness of method during parametric identification of process models. Subsequently, a comparison is drawn between estimated and actual system through simulation by step test and Nyquist plot.


An operating device for a construction machine (X) includes a plurality of operating elements (4) for adjusting operating parameters (5) of the construction machine, and a display unit which is configured to display technical data. The operating device further comprises a docking station (2) at which the display unit is attached so as to be removed without tools and which is provided for connecting the display unit (3) with at least one data line and/or power supply (17) of the construction machine (X).


A necessary and sufficient condition for the invertibility of a composition operator C^ on lp is reported in this paper. The adjoint of C^ is computed in the case p = 2. The necessary and sufficient conditions for unitary operators and co-isometries to be composition operators are also investigated. A study of invariant subspaces and reducing subspaces of C^, is also made. 1. Preliminaries. If (A', S,A) is a a-finite measure space and <p is a nonsingular measurable transformation on X into itself, then the composition transformation C^ on Lp (X) is defined by C<f = f°<t> for every/EL" (X). If Cq E BiLpiX)), the Banach algebra of all bounded linear operators on Lp (X), then it is called a composition operator induced by <¡>. In this paper we are interested in the study of composition operators when X is equal to N, the set of all natural numbers and X is the counting measure on N. In this case LP(X) is equal to lp. 2. In vertible composition operators on lp. Theorem 2.1. Let $ be a mapping on N into itself. Then C^ E Bilp) if and only if there exists an integer M > 0 such that X(<b"'({«})) < M for every n E N. In the case C^ E B(lp), ||C<j>f=inf{A/:\(<p-1({/i}))< M for all n EN}. Proof. The proof of the first conclusion follows from Theorem 1 of [6]. To prove the second conclusion take n E N. Then ^-,({«}))=ic^if<iic/n^ir=iic/, where e(n) is the sequence defined by e(n\m) = 8^, (the Kronecker delta). Since this is true for all n E N, we get inf { M: a(<j>'({«})) < M for all n EN) <||Cj'. For the reverse inequality, suppose X(<¡> ~ '({«})) < M for all n in TV. Then it is Received by the editors November 26, 1976 and, in revised form, May 25, 1977 and September 21, 1977. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 47B99; Secondary 47B99.


Side-notched arrowpoints, a knapping tool made of bone, perforated stone beads, Dentalium beads, a probable Olivella bead, and decorated and perforated mollusc shell pendants and scrap were found associated with a Late Precontact Period Native American skeleton. This individual, an adult male about 27–33 years old, had been interred in sand beneath a sandstone caprock near the top of a low ridge in a desiccated, open plains setting in Eastern Montana. The arrowpoints are of the Avonlea side-notched type. A detached 3rd maxillary molar from the weathered, fragmentary skeleton yielded an AMS radiocarbon age of 1,190 ± 40 B.P. The expertly crafted arrowpoints and knapping tool suggest that this individual's stone-tool production skills might have been highly valued by his compatriots. Contemporaneity among the arrowpoints is established by their association with this primary interment, and affords an opportunity to examine intra-assemblage morphology and variation among arrowpoints made by one or a few individuals, likely members of the same residential group.


OBJECTIVE
In order to determine the significance of proliferative activity (PA) in endometrial carcinomas, we analysed the expression of cell cycle-related antigens in routinely processed tissue.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Serial sections of 113 endometrial carcinoma specimens were immunostained with the monoclonal antibody DNA Topoisomerase II-alpha (Ki-S1). In addition to Topoisomerase II-alpha (Ki-S1) staining, histologic type, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage. FIMO grade, depth of myometrial invasion, tumor size, lymphovascular space invasion, serosal and/or adnexal involvement, lymph node metastasis, age and peritoneal cytology were evaluated as prognostic indicators. The median follow-up time was 23 (range, 1 to 126 ) months.

RESULTS
FIGO stage, FIGO grade, tumor size, lymphovascular space invasion, lymph node metastasis, peritoneal cytology and Topoisomerase II-alpha (Ki-S1) expression all significantly influenced survival in univariate analyses (p < or = 0.05). In the Cox regression analysis, Topoisomerase II-alpha (Ki-S1), serosal and/or adnexal involvement, and lymph node metastasis expression were the only variables with independent prognostic impact (p < or = 0.05), whereas FIGO stage, FIGO grade, histologic type FIGO grade, depth of invasion, tumor size, lymphovascular space invasion, age and peritoneal cytology had no independent influence (p > 0.05). Topoisomerase II-alpha (Ki-S1) staining was significantly elevated in advanced (Stage II, III, IV) as opposed to early (Stage I) carcinomas (p < or = 0.05).

CONCLUSION
The association with established prognosticators for endometrial carcinomas, and the results of uni- and multivariate analysis indicate that the additional evaluation of DNA Topoisomerase II-alpha (Ki-S1) peptide antibody (PA) is useful for classifying patients into subgroups with low and high risk of relapse which might help to individualize the therapeutic strategy in endometrial carcinomas.


Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) from its initial hiccups has picked up the pace, due to a host of factors. The primary factor being the initiative by Government of India through the Legal Framework i.e., Section 135 of Companies Bill and there are factors such increased social consciousness of Leadership, Corporate Citizenship Behaviour & Triple Bottom Line ( People Planet & Profit) approach adopted by leading organizations world-wide and more importantly the stakeholders of the organizations. This paper captures brings in a holistic perspective towards CSR in terms of History and Evolution of CSR, its progress of over years, Chronology of Initiatives taken up Government, current socio economic issues faced by India, CSR approach adopted by various organizations. The paper presents & suggests an integrated and comprehensive approach that could adopted/adapted by organizations in India and it will help them to have a structured approach towards designing & implementing a CSR strategy as a part of their environmental responsibility.


On the great night of August 4, 1789, the French National Assembly proclaimed the abolition of feudalism. This momentous revolutionary proclamation was not, however, self-executing: in the days that followed, it became clear that there was no definitive agreement about what "feudalism" was. After a week of uncertain debate, the gentlemen of the Assembly had not produced fully detailed abolition legislation. Politics having failed, the decision was made to turn the problem over to lawyers; on August 12, the Assembly constituted a Committee, made up principally of lawyers, and charged with the task of defining "feudalism." So it was that the lawyers stepped in, to take charge of the first great abolition of Western history. The special Committee on Feudal Rights worked away during six months of increasing revolutionary tension, as peasants rioted and chateaux burned in many parts of France. Finally, on


The distribution of soil organic matter (SOM) and nitrogen of Gongga Mountain were studied in this paper. The results showed that the contents of SOM and N of A horizon had an ascending trend with the increase of the elevation. The vegetation types distributed higher than the mixed broad-leaved conifer forest had the irregular trends. In the transitional communities such as mixed forest and treeline, the contents of SOM and N were higher than other vegetation types. The distribution of SOM and N of A horizon was determined by the mutual effect of climate and vegetation types. The vertical distribution of SOM and N in soil profile had the similar trends in all kinds of vegetation types, i.e., the content of A horizon was higher than that of the B and C horizons, which was the same to the distribution of dead animals and plants in soil. There were N accumulation peaks in A horizon of the transitional communities. The soil C:N is between 7 and 25, which is lower relative to the appropriate C:N of 25-30. The soil C:N increased with the increase of the elevation, but its vertical distribution in the soil profile varied with different vegetation types. The N in the SOM existed mainly in the form of organic nitrogen, and the soil C:N was significantly correlated with SOM.


Analyzing human pupillary behavior is a non-invasive method for assessing neurological activity. Changes in this behavior correlate to various health conditions, such as: Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, autism and diabetes. In comparison to other methods of neurological evaluation, analyzing pupillary behavior is a simple and low-cost method that can be used as a complementary diagnosis. Therefore, the goal of this work is to develop a system to evaluate pupillary behavior in an automated way. The system consists of a portable recording device, called a pupilometer, and a software based on computer vision. The system is capable of stimulating, recording, measuring and extracting important features of the human pupillary behavior. The results demonstrate that the system is a fast and accurate solution, with 97.25% of accuracy in the segmentation and pupil measurement on the images.
Keywords:
Pupillary Behavior, Automated Pupillometry System, Computer


making the ex ante price offers that they would like to make. Ex ante prices cannot be analyzed using any natural extension of the analytical and conceptual techniques that have been developed to deal with ex post pricing. The reason is that ex ante price offers are made specifically to affect the probability with which the trader making the offer will match with some other trader. This means that the matching process must be made at least partly endogenous. It is clear that if a seller offers to trade at a price that is lower than that attainable in the rest of the market, then his probability of matching should increase. It is precisely the way that the probability increases that will determine when there is an incentive to ex ante price. Hence arbitrarily specified matching processes seem inappropriate. On the other hand the standard matching environment is not well suited to more complete strategic analysis because the number of buyers and sellers is required to be large enough that no external effects can be associated with the actions of any individual trader. In this paper a technique is proposed for endogenizing the response of the trading probability to any ex ante price offer. This approach is to consider a sequence of finite approximations to the atomless decentralized market. In each finite market, unilateral deviations from the price offered by other sellers in the market generates a payoff that is conceptually straightforward but computationally cumbersome. The limiting value of this payoff, on the other hand, is both reasonable and analytically tractable. The market payoffs to various pricing strategies are defined to be equal to the limits of these payoffs in a sequence of finite approximations. The market equilibrium is constructed by looking for pricing strategies having the property that no seller can increase the limit value of his payoff by deviating. The market equilibrium is a pricing rule in which no seller has an incentive to deviate. Ex post trading rules that generate pricing rules that do not correspond with this market equilibrium rule leave incentives for sellers to make ex ante price offers. A complete characterization of the equilibrium path for the ex ante price offer is made for a nonstationary market that clears slowly over time. A nonstationary market is chosen so that aggregate demand and supply will be well enough defined that the corresponding Walrasian price will be well defined.4 The techniques presented are readily adapted to stationary environments. This equilibrium path is contrasted with the price path that will prevail when prices are determined ex post according to cooperative Nash bargaining. The cooperative Nash price is above (below) the equilibrium ex ante price offer when the level of excess demand is large (small). This comparison also illustrates that the cooperative Nash solution, and the various noncooperative bargaining games that generate the same solution, are not stable against the possibility that sellers might make ex ante offers.


Concentration level of chromium (Cr) and gallium (Ga) were measured in the total suspended solid (TSS) and surface sediments to investigate its distribution and anthropogenic inputs along Sungai Kelantan. The in-situ water quality parameters, surface sediment and surface water were collected using calibrated portable YSI water quality meter, ponar grab and water sampler, respectively. The concentration range of chromium and gallium in TSS were from 19-111 μg/g and 153-3762 μg/g, respectively, along the river. While in surface sediment, the concentrations ranged from 16-172 μg/g for Cr and 25-82 μg/g for Ga. The high concentration of Ga in TSS and Cr in sediment would suggest that the anthropogenic inputs takes place in the river channel, which is due to human activities such as sand exploration along Sungai Kelantan. In mobilization towards the estuary, Ga was more easily transported in the TSS from upstream to downstream especially during the wet season. Cr was dominant in sediment due to its affinity towards inorganic minerals and easily being scavenged in the water column during burial onto the riverbed sediment. Spatial distribution was prominent as several factors affecting the distribution along the river channel addresses the lighter gallium and dissolution of chromium towards surface sediment while being mobilize further for overall distribution before sinking in the estuarine region.


This thesis examines the regulation of peripheral and renal blood flow during human and rat pregnancy. In healthy pregnancy, hand blood flow increases in order to release heat generated by metabolic activity. Using venous occlusion plethysmography, inhibition o f nitric oxide (NO) synthase with intra-arterial A^-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) caused a greater reduction o f hand blood flow in pregnant compared with non-pregnant subjects. This suggests that increased NO synthase contributes to the gestational increase in peripheral blood flow. A rise in local temperature also causes an increase in hand blood flow, which was attenuated by inhibition o f NO synthase with intra arterial L-NMMA. Furthermore, the sensitivity o f hand vasculature to noradrenaline and L-NMMA was temperature-dependent. Noradrenaline was more potent at low compared with high local temperatures and LNMMA was more potent than noradrenaline at high temperatures. Pre-eclampsia is a vasoconstricted state, unique to human pregnancy. Using high performance liquid chromotography (HPLC), plasma levels o f the endogenous inhibitor o f NO synthase, asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine (ADMA), were higher in pre-eclamptic compared with normotensive pregnant women. ADMA excreted by fetal kidney contributed to rising ADMA levels in amniotic fluid as pregnancy progressed. The isolated-perfused rat kidney (IPRK) was used to investigate the role of perivascular nerves in the gestational increase in renal blood flow. The vasoconstrictor response to electrical field stimulation (EPS) o f perivascular nerves was attenuated in IPRK of late pregnant compared with virgin rats and was associated with a large fall in renal cortical neuropeptide Y levels. EPS o f sensory-motor nerves and capsaicin caused renal vasodilatation, but desensitization o f the responses to sensory-motor nerve stimulation did not augment the vasoconstrictor response to EPS. The vasodilator response to exogenous calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) was greater in kidneys from late pregnant compared with virgin rats. CGRP was identified by immuno-histochemistry in nerve fibres supplying arterioles in both pregnant and virgin rat kidneys. Increased NOS-III was noted in the coronary arteries o f pregnant compared with non-pregnant rats. Increased NOS-I was identified in the macula densa o f the kidney and may play a role in altered auto-regulation o f renal blood flow during pregnancy. In conclusion, this thesis provides evidence that diverse vasoactive pathways in the peripheral and renal vasculature adapt to pregnancy and changes in temperature.


The notion of stealthy predation often invokes images of a predator hiding and waiting to ambush its unsuspecting prey. In this issue of PNAS, Manicom et al. (1) offer an alternative reason why predators hide that involves an important tradeoff between capturing prey and seeking refuge to avoid their own demise from other predator species. Such tradeoff behavior is routinely demonstrated by prey species (2, 3), but Manicom et al. present experimental evidence that predators victimized by other predators may also engage in antipredator tactics.


A 29-year-old man presented with facial scars one and half years after an external injury. A physical examination revealed a slightly depressed linear scar with bluish brown pigments from traumatic tattoos on the nasal root. He was treated with a 1,064-nm picosecond neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser combined with a fractional picosecond mode by integrating a holographic beam splitter handpiece. After five sessions of this simple combined treatment modality, the patient achieved significant clinical improvement with no downtime period. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of the effective treatment of facial scars after a skin injury using a 1,064-nm picosecond Nd:YAG laser together with a simple combination of a fractional beam splitter handpiece, successfully targeting both the traumatic tattoos and depressed scars.


Abstract : In the years preceding his 1925 courts martial for insubordination, Brigadier General 'Billy' Mitchell espoused that future wars will be won from the air and that the military must bring airpower, through the procurement of purpose-built aircraft, to the forefront. He was a visionary strategist before his time. His predictions, many of which came true, played out nowhere more clearly than the Japanese air component build up and subsequent attack on Pearl Harbor. As a result, the United States rapidly built and sustains, still to this day, the strongest multi-service air power in the world. In the war years, the industrial base of the United States was changed from automobiles and washing machines to tanks, ships, and airplanes. Depots responsible for repairing these aircraft and their many inclusive complex and maintenance-intensive parts sprung up around the country. In many cases though, aircraft that were deemed too costly to repair or were too damaged were stripped of parts and other aircraft were built to replace them, an easy decision when the industrial base is manufacturing one every fifteen minutes and the aircraft are relatively simple by design. Over the past 60 years, the depots to support these aircraft have virtually disappeared; meanwhile, the aircraft have grown extremely complex. Manufacturers have dried up as well, and the time to manufacture an aircraft has gone from one week to multiple years with many vendors in this global economy. Hindered by limited resources, the Services have been buying smaller and smaller numbers of the highest priority aircraft. Few in numbers, these aircraft are costly and maintenance intensive. While not currently involved in a high-intensity conflict with aircraft loss rates comparable to Vietnam or Korea, the United States could lose the next mid-to high-intensity conflict due to its inability to repair and manufacture these complex aircraft, given the current state of the aviation industry.


California state is among the leading producers of strawberries in the world. The value of the California strawberry crop is approximately $2.6 billion, which makes it one of the most valuable fruit crops for the state and nation's economy. California's weather provides ideal conditions for strawberry production and changes in weather pattern could have a significant impact on strawberry fruit production. Evaluating relationships between meteorological parameters and strawberry yield can provide valuable information and early indications of yield forecasts that growers can utilize to their advantage. Objectives of this paper were to evaluate correlations of meteorological parameters on strawberry yield for Santa Maria region and to develop meteorology based empirical yield forecasting models for strawberries. Results showed significant correlation between meteorological parameters and strawberry yield and provided a basis for yield forecasting with lead time. Results from empirical models showed that cross-validated yields were closely associated with observed yield with lead time of 2 to 5 months. Overall, this study showed great potential in developing meteorology based yield forecast using principal components. This study only looked at meteorology based yield forecasts. Skills of these models can be further improved by adding physiological parameters of strawberry to existing models for strawberry.


The importance of system design products has recently been recognised, [1], p.46, their maintainability, reusability and testability having been identified as being at least as important as that of the corresponding implemented code. Hence, investigation of complexity of software development products at architectural design (A.D.) and detailed design (D.D.) may be viewed as important because of the relationship between complexity and maintainability see [2], [3], [4] and [1]. This paper demonstrates that, in general, there exists a highly significant positive correlation between the complexity of MASCOT 3 [5] modules (as measured by a suitable complexity metric) at architectural design (A.D.) and the complexity of the corresponding MASCOT 3 modules at detailed design (D.D.) (also measured by a suitable complexity metric). It follows that, to a large extent, the complexity of a MASCOT 3 module, at D.D. and implementation, can be determined from A.D.. Hence, armed with such knowledge it becomes possible to control complexity of MASCOT 3 modules and hence to assist in ensuring the maintainability of the implemented software, in addition to other quality factors dependent on module complexity. Transactions on Information and Communications Technologies vol 11, © 1995 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3517 182 Software Quality Management


In the context of the ongoing refugee crisis in Europe, contemporary documentary
theatre still has a potential to serve as a sophisticated political agon for an in-depth
analysis of structural injustice and its causalities. Through the comparative analysis
of the performance 6 by the Slovenian director Žiga Divjak and the cult film by Lars von
Trier, Dogville, I examine the motive of a refugee in two different media by juxtaposing
emotions of fear and solidarity. Both phenomena are ideologically highly potent: the
first contributes to the rise of racism, xenophobia and restrictive politics, the latter
however, if not precisely conceptualized, can further reinforce the neoliberal spectacle
of suffering. The aim of this research paper was to provide theoretical framework for
the use of solidarity and reflexivity when staging and dramatizing political narratives.


ABSTRACT The paper focuses on how technology impacts on irregular conflicts, i.e. conflicts fought by non-state actors. The ability to inflict destruction and produce casualties is no longer directly related to the ability to organize large numbers of people and manage vast stores of resources that has been typical of large, organized state armies, and consequently smaller groups can now inflict more serious and extensive damage than their predecessors. It follows that the relationship between irregular fighters and technology is one of the most crucial elements in understanding contemporary conflicts. The paper is divided into five sections. The first is a brief paragraph focused on the definition problem, explaining why and how we use the term 'irregular fighters', and the second is a historical overview on how the relationship between 'irregular fighters' and technology has changed in the last two centuries. The third section is a study of current trends in the relationship between modern technology and current irregular warfare. The fourth section is intended to study current impacts of technology on irregular warfare, looking at ISIS's operations in 2016–2017 and its use of drones. Finally, the conclusions section presents both lessons learned and findings.


New Re/Os iso to pic data for mo lyb de nite from the Szklarska Porêba Huta Quarry pro vide ages of 307 ± 2 Ma and 309 ± 2 Ma, re spec tively. The quarry is dom i nated by the por phy ritic ("cen tral") and equigranular ("ridge") va ri et ies of the Karkonosze gran ite. Ore min er ali sa tion hosted in aplogranite in cludes an as sem blage of sulphides, sulphosalts, ox ides and var i ous rare phases. The mo lyb de nite ages ob tained are con sis tent with a pre vi ously pub lished iso to pic age of leucogranite (aplogranite?) from the same quarry and are only slightly older than a re cently pub lished, re fined Pb/U age of un treated zir cons from the Szklarska Porêba Huta por phy ritic gran ite. The age of the mo lyb de nite cor re sponds mod er ately well to the youn ger stage of post-mag matic, pneumatolitic/hy dro ther mal ac tiv ity of the Karkonosze gran ite (about 312 Ma).


This paper presents a novel mechanism to analyze and summarize the statistical correlations among the attributes of a data cube. To perform the analysis and summarization, this paper proposes a new...


Stopping compensatory releases of salmon in the Baltic Sea. Good or bad for Baltic salmon gene pools? : Report from the Baltic Salmon 2012 symposium and workshop, Stockholm university February 9-10


According to the challenging antenna performance requirements for the reception of the Satellite Digital Audio Radio Services (SDARS), environmental influences are playing an important role for the practical design and application of such an antenna. This paper will report about remarkable influences on the performance of SDARS – Antennas with respect to ground plane conditions for measurements in anechoic chambers, as well as for vehicle mounting conditions. Results of field tests will show, what this means for reception.


Knowledge of the magnitude of differential stress and strain rate during the formation of mylonitic shear zones in metamorphic core complexes provides constraints on the mechanical behavior of the middle continental crust during extension. We analyzed the differential flow stress during the mylonitization of quartzofeldspathic rocks in the Whipple Mountains, California, using grain-size piezometers and kinetic laws for grain growth. Mylonitic gneisses collected from two widely separated transects have grain sizes that cluster in a range from 32 to 61 µm. Analysis of grain growth kinetics indicates that mylonitization of the gneisses continued during cooling to temperatures ≤500°C, compatible with estimates from two-feldspar thermometry. Quartz grain-size piezometers suggest that the mylonitization occurred under differential stresses (σ1–σ3) of ∼40–150 MPa, or maximum shear stresses of 20–75 MPa. Extrapolation of quartzite flow laws to 500°C indicates that the mylonitization occurred at strain rates faster than 10−14 s−1. These estimates suggest that the mylonitic zone within the Whipple Mountains had an effective viscosity of the order of 1018±4−1020±4 Pa s. These low viscosities and rapid strain rates, combined with seismic reflection data showing that continental crust is layered, suggest that more realistic physical models of extension of the continental lithosphere should treat the lithosphere as a heterogeneous distribution of high-viscosity regions separated by low-viscosity zones.


This paper presents productivity measurement results for hospital services using panel data for Ontario hospitals between 2003 and 2006. The study uses the Malmquist Productivity index (MPI) obtained through the application of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) which is decomposed into efficiency change (ECH), i.e., movement towards the best practice frontier and technological change (TCH), i.e., movement of the frontier itself (Fare et al. [12]). The study also uses kernel density estimation techniques for analysis of efficiency distributions of the productivity scores and their components across different types of hospitals (e.g. small /large and rural /urban) and over time. Our results suggest that in addition to average productivity it is important to examine distributions of productivity and of its components which we find differs by hospital type and over time. We find that productivity growth occurred mostly through improvement in technology and in spite of declining efficiency. The results provide useful insight into the underlying mechanisms of observed changes in overall productivity, in technological change and in technical efficiency change in this vital sector of the health care market.


The NHS cannot afford to divert more and more money to litigation, and we need to tackle the problem at source. Tim Draycott and colleagues set out four principles to reduce avoidable harm


pH has an important effect on the physiological activity of eosinophilic microorganisms. Therefore, this study used excess sludge produced by the mixed treatment of leachate and municipal sewage to explore the impact of different sludge initial pH on microbial biochemical reactions associated with the performance of excess sludge dehydration. Shake-flask tests were performed using inoculated microorganisms and fresh excess sludge in 500 mL Erlenmeyer flasks at a ratio of 1:4, with the addition of 2 g/L S0 and 6 g/L FeS2 as energy sources. Erlenmeyer flasks were shaken for 72 h at 180 rpm and 28 °C, in a reciprocating constant homeothermic oscillating water-bath. Results show that the specific resistance to filtration (SRF) of the bioleached excess sludge decreased from (1.45~6.68) × 1012 m/kg to (1.21~14.30) × 1011 m/kg and the sedimentation rate increased from 69.00~73.00% to 81.70~85.50%. The SRF decreased from 1.45 × 1012 m/kg to 1.21 × 1011 m/kg and the sedimentation rate increased from 69.00% to 85.00%, which both reached the highest level when the initial pH of the excess sludge was 5 and the bioleaching duration was 48 h. At this time, the rates of pH reduction and oxidative redox potential (ORP) reached the highest values (69.67% and 515 mV, respectively). Illumina HiSeq PE250 sequencing results show that the dominate microbial community members were Thiomonas (relative abundance 4.59~5.44%), which oxidize sulfur and ferrous iron, and Halothiobacillus (2.56~3.41%), which oxidizes sulfur. Thus, the acidic environment can promote microbial acidification and oxidation, which can help sludge dewatering. The presence of dominant sulfur oxidation bacteria is the essential reason for the deep dehydration of the bioleached sludge.


This paper takes a microeconomic approach to compare prospective pension benefits in the 30 OECD countries. It shows entitlements gross and net of taxes and social security contributions for male and female single workers based on 2002 pension rules and parameters. The models cover all public and private mandatory sources of retirement income for full-career private-sector workers across a broad earnings range. The paper shows that average earners in OECD countries can expect a post-tax pension of about 70 per cent of their earnings after tax. The average minimum retirement benefit is just under 29 per cent of national average earnings.


The term service component is derived from SCA (service component architecture) for event based distributed system design. Although service component pattern offers composite application development and support application reusability functionality. However, security in event based communication in components interaction model mostly discussed on upper layer in SCA while developing service oriented component application logic. This layer is called application business process logic layer, which produces the application's rendering logic, having being authenticated from ACL.The need for such a comprehensive security review is required in this field that could possibly elaborate the issues in composite application and Event based attack in service component architecture model. The paper achieves this target by analysing, reviewing the security issues, modelling techniques in service component application functionality, while application components, that produces, consume, and processing events.


Reactive plasmas are highly valued for their ability to produce large amounts of reactive radicals and of energetic ions bombarding surrounding surfaces. The non-equilibrium electron driven plasma chemistry is utilized in many applications such as anisotropic etching or deposition of thin films of high-quality materials with unique properties. However, the non-equilibrium character and the high power densities make plasmas very complex and hard to understand. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a very versatile diagnostic method, which has, therefore, a prominent role in the characterization of reactive plasmas. It can access almost all plasma generated species: stable gas-phase products, reactive radicals, positive and negative ions or even internally excited species such as metastables. It can provide absolute densities of neutral particles or energy distribution functions of energetic ions. In particular, plasmas with a rich chemistry, such as hydrocarbon plasmas, could not be understood without MS. This review focuses on quadrupole MS with an electron impact ionization ion source as the most common MS technique applied in plasma analysis. Necessary information for the understanding of this diagnostic and its application and for the proper design and calibration procedure of an MS diagnostic system for quantitative plasma analysis is provided. Important differences between measurements of neutral particles and energetic ions and between the analysis of low pressure and atmospheric pressure plasmas are described and discussed in detail. Moreover, MS-measured ion energy distribution functions in different discharges are discussed and the ability of MS to analyse these distribution functions with time resolution of several microseconds is presented.


The study examines the factors inhibiting sport performance in Adekunle Ajasin university, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo state Nigeria. A total of two hundred students were selected from four Faculties in the University, Faculties of Education, Law, Science and Agricultural Science. The Faculties where selected using fish bowl without replacement. Questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection. The data were analysed; the results revealed that Availability of standard facilities, and Parental influence, was an inhibiting factor in participating in sport among Adekunle Ajasin University student.


The traditional consultation is a dinosaur; to be fit for purpose it must adapt to an ever changing world. But until now our hands have been tied because the doctor-patient relationship is unequal. Patients can blithely lie to our faces while we are expected to be honest and truthful; it's like a medical dhimmitude. Well, I'm mad as hell, and I'm not gonna take it anymore.⇑

"Honestly, doc," said Joe smugly, unaware of my new arrangements. "I don't smoke." …


When nine different specialty teams are called in to help diagnose a perplexing condition in an ICU patient, chaos and inaction result, with all participants assuming passive roles, expecting another physician to bear the burden of authority and responsibility.


In this paper,the characteristics of the fetal DNA and RNA in maternal plasma were introduced as well as the progress of prenatal diagnosis techniques through fetal plasma DNA and fetal plasma RNA respectively in the past several years.Three prenatal diagnosis techniques(multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification(MLPA),single allele base extension reaction (SABER)-MS analy- sis and RNA-SNP allelic ratio determination) were emphasized.The clinical applications of using fetal plasma nucleic acids as prenatal diagnosis techniques were also summarized in the paper.


Although similar in mode of action, 1,2-dihydroxybenzene (catechol) and 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′bipyridinium ion (paraquat) at different levels were required to kill plants. Both chemicals were fast-acting, they both required light to be active, and herbicides that inhibit photosynthesis protected the plants temporarily against the action of both compounds. Paraquat and catechol had additive effects on black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) but not on redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.). Catechol protected redroot pigweed against the action of paraquat.


A man with cardiac disease developed abdominal pain, vomiting, and then acute pulmonary œdema after inhalation of trichlorethylene and subsequent ingestion of alcohol. It is suggested that alcohol was the precipitating factor in the production of these symptoms, and as such represents a potential hazard for workers exposed to trichlorethylene.


Objective To investigate the damage mechanism of fluetuant high glucose on the INS-1 cells (pancreatic β-cell lines).Methods The cells were divided into five groups:the control groups (A group:5.5 mmol/L of glucose),the continuing high glucose group (B group:16.7 mmoL/L of glucose),the fluctuant glucose group ( C group:16.7 mmol/L of glucose for cultivation for 2 h,then the concentration changed to 5.5 mmol/L for cultivation for 3 h,which was repeated 3 times per day;the ceils were kept in the medium containing 5.5 mmol/L of glucose during night time for 9 h),the continuing high glucose plus NAC ( 1.0 mmo/L) group ( D group),the fluctuant glucose plus NAC group ( E group).The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed by the flow cytometry.The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) was estimated by the tetrazolium linked cytochemical method.Results 72 h after intervention,the levels of ROSwere 37.77±2.31,86.97±7.97,124.27±10.04,60.92±2.61 and 51.47±3.36,respectively,in A~E group;the activities of G6PD were 1.25±0.03,1.09±0.02,1.03±0.01,1.12±0.02 and 1.21±0.01,respectively;the levels of NADPH were (0.123±0.003) mmol/mg prot,(0.112±0.004) mmoL/mg prot,(0.099±0.002 ) mmol/mg prot,( 0.116±0.005 ) mmol/mg prot and ( 0.120±0.002) mmol/mg prot,respectively.The level of ROS in the cells of the fluctuant glucose group were significantly higher than that in the continuing high glucose group ( P < 0.01 ).The G6PD activity and NADPH was significantly lower in fluctuant high glucose group than those in the continuing high glucose group (P <0.01 ).NAC co-cultivation decreased the extent of cell's change.Conclusions Exposure of INS-1 to high glucose lead to increased oxidative stress, possible mechanism included decreased G6PD activity and subsequent imbalance between oxidation and reduction.

Key words:
Insulin-secreting cells;  Reactive oxygen species;  Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; Fluctuanting high glucose


Focal Points.  Literature review suggested that Piperine enhances the oral bioavailability of several pharmaceutical compounds.  In-vitro transdermal diffusion studies were undertaken to determine the influence of Piperine and Cosmoperine® as transdermal drug delivery promoters.  Lidocaine was used as the model drug.  Amphiphilogels were assessed for their suitability as drug delivery systems.  Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) technique was employed to aid in the preparation of biological samples (rat skin with the retained drug) for subsequent HPLC analysis.


elderly age. In barreling toward an oversimplified, predefined asser-tion of "no harm associated in the elderly," the author's conclusionsare reckless, and if taken as actual truth, could result in many elderlybeing seriously injured in trials of toxic agents. A blanket statementabout "no associated harm" seems invalid at best and callous at worst,when the analysis is hopelessly confounded and the only measure fortreatment intolerance is death.


A city's ―smartness‖ depends greatly on citizens' participation in smart city services. Furthermore, citizens are becoming technology-oriented in every aspect concerning their convenience, comfort and safety. Thus, they become sensing nodes—or citizen sensors—within smart-cities with both static information and a constantly emitting activity system. This paper presents a novel approach to perform visual sentiment analysis of big visual data shared on social networks (such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Pinterest) using transfer learning. The proposed approach aims at contributing to smart citizens sensing area of smart cities. This work explores deep features of photos shared by users in Twitter via convolutional neural networks and transfer learning to predict sentiments. Moreover, we propose big data architecture to extract, save and transform raw Twitter image posts into useful insights. We obtained an overall prediction accuracy of 83.35%, which indicates that neural networks are indeed capable of predicting sentiments. Therefore, revealing interesting research opportunities and applications in the domain of smart sensing.


This talk is a summary of the experimental topics covered in this conference on hadron spectroscopy. Contrary to the beginnings of hadron spectroscopy when attention was on baryon excited states, current interest has shifted to meson spectroscopy. This conference has been a reflection of this current emphasis.


Described is the formation of crystallized alkaline earth oxide-containing glass adsorbents for radioactive carbon dioxide (14CO2) sequestering and mineralization under mild operating conditions; thus enabling the long-term geological disposal of...


The thrust bearing with balacing plates support can be used in large rotated machine that support thrust loads.Performance of the thrust bearing with balacing plate support was researched by theory calculation and test research.It's shown that the structure design is reasonable.Based on analysis of the test result,key factors for influence on bearing performance were summarized.A new bearing test device was designed,thus enriching the methods for researching thrust bearing.


The direct and indirect effects of high-speed rail on urban growth at the regional, urban, and station area levels are discussed in this study. Also, the impact of high-speed rail on urban growth is discussed. Reconstruction of the urban spatial system, urban regeneration, agglomeration and diffusion effect, economic efficiency impact, and tourism behaviour influence are covered in the literature evaluation. Short journey times would have a direct impact. Factors such as regional, urban, and station growth, would have an indirect effect on urban development.


In this paper we study the Steklov-Dirichlet eigenvalues λk(Ω,ΓS), where Ω ⊂ R d is a domain and ΓS ⊂ ∂Ω is the subset of the boundary in which we impose the Steklov conditions. After a first discussion about the regularity properties of the Steklov-Dirichlet eigenfunctions we obtain a stability result for the eigenvalues. We study the optimization problem under a measure constraint on the set ΓS , we prove the existence of a minimizer and the non-existence of a maximizer. In the plane we prove a continuity result for the eigenvalues imposing a bound on the number of connected components of the sequence ΓS,n, obtaining in this way a version of the famous result of V. Šverák ([22]) for the Steklov-Dirichlet eigenvalues. Using this result we prove the existence of a maximizer under the same topological constraint and the measure constraint.


Product branching ratios and thermal rate coefficients for the dissociative recombination of CO2+ have been measured in the cryogenic ion source ring ion storage ring. The rate constants were found to be 4.2×10−7(Te∕300)−0.75cm3s−1. The 300-K result is in agreement with previous flowing afterglow values and is somewhat smaller than a recent determination made at the Aarhas storage ring in Denmark (ASTRID) storage ring. The electron temperature dependence is, however, in good agreement with the ASTRID result of T−0.8. The present results show that only CO plus O are formed, other product branching ratios are zero within experimental error. This is in contradiction to the ASTRID results which show that 9% of the reactivity goes to C+O2. The new results show that the C+O2 channel does not need to be included in the models of the ionospheres of Venus and Mars.


Through the establishment of water environment management information system of Supa River basin, an improved BP neural network model made for the comprehensive assessment on the water quality of the basin concerned is presented in accordance with the condition with better water quality and without any principal economic industries therein. Furthermore, the distribution of the water quality in the basin is simulated with an one-dimensional model, which is applied to the water environment management of the cascade hydro-power stations in Supa River basin. The simulation result from the one-dimensional model shows a good coincidence with that from the actual observation in site, and then the result is demonstrated dynamically in combined with the graphic function of GIS(Geography Information System), with which the effective and economic decision-making information is obtained for the administration of water conservancy and environment concerned.


The authors describe important trade-offs that arise in dealing with these questions. For example, if a given amount of state aid to local school districts produces more equalization of expenditures per pupil, then it will provide less local tax relief, assuming that low-spending districts are to be "leveled up." If, instead, high-spending districts were "leveled down," then wealthier residents might have to resort to private schools to obtain the quality of education they want for their children. While one desideratum for state and federal aid to public schools is to avoid driving high-income groups into private schools, a frequently stated objective of aid to private schools is to avoid forcing their students into public schools. But the authors conclude that public subsidies of realistic magnitude would not have much effect on stemming the decline of enrollment in parochial schools. The only argument for aid to parochial schools in which they see much merit is that expanding private schools in general might provide more choice among educational styles and philosophies. This is really an argument for a fullfledged voucher system, which would let parents use tax revenues to pay for their children's education in any approved school, public or private. A voucher plan might also be the most effective way to equalize resources available for schooling among familities of varying means, because any other scheme to redistribute resources could be undermined by high-income families sending their children to private schools. It is doubtful, however, that a voucher plan would be constitutional if it included parochial schools.


Undivided roadways have consistently exhibited low safety performance, particularly in urban or suburban areas where roadside development is relatively intense. Changing a four-lane undivided road to a divided roadway by either building a boulevard cross-section or installing a physical barrier is a desirable option to improve safety performance of an undivided roadway, but it requires significant resources. This article introduces a crash countermeasure successfully implemented on two different segments of undivided roadways in Louisiana. This crash countermeasure is to change an undivided four-lane roadway to a five-lane roadway with a center lane for left turns by restriping pavement markings without increasing pavement width. Although the five-lane roadway is no longer an acceptable roadway type in Louisiana, the impressive crash reductions on both roadway segments demonstrate it is a feasible solution under constrained conditions. Based on the statistical analysis with 6 years of crash data (3 years before and 3 years after excluding the implementation year), the crash modification factors for both roadways are estimated to be less than 0.5 with a standard deviation less than 0.07. Although it is not surprising to see the biggest crash reduction comes from the rear-end collisions, the other types of collision are also reduced.


Factors related to the qualities of projects and thes is for undergraduate diploma were presented.Raised were many measures for colleges to improve the qualities,such as paying more attentions and managements to the unde rgraduate projects,setting up and perfect its normalized specifications,sharing all resources including experimental instruments,getting a good finance support, exerting teachers' dominant and students' body functions,making project selectio ns appropriate,strengthening the teaching of students' scientific-technical mor ality and hard-labor spirits,laying a solid foundation,trying to set a perfect curriculum,enriching students' basic theories,training students' innovation cons ciousness,and enhancing students' synthesis capabilities.


The western nations is surrounded by the crisis of humanity and scientism because of their pursuit of reason and wealth. Facing with these crisis. modern western philosophers not only expose them. but also explore ways to solve them. Though their work can not resolve them completely, it has positive significances in resolving west social problems.


ABSTRACT.
 Wind-pollinated dioecious plants often exhibit spatial segregation of the sexes. This partial niche separation has most often been explored using abiotic niche axes. However, if the sexes are truly separated in space, then they are apt to encounter different plant species that may heavily affect growth and reproduction. Also, to the extent that their niches differ, the sexes may respond differently to the same co-occurring species. Here we examine interspecific interactions that influence male and female reproductive potential in Atriplex bonnevillensis. Using Emlen's interaction assessment, a technique which assesses species interactions based on cover classes, we show that Salsola species compete significantly with females but not males, while Halogeton glomeratus competes with males but not females. The effect of competition only became apparent when we corrected for site-specific fertility. These results imply that differential competition must be considered when studying dioecious plants that display spatial segregation of the sexes.


One common factor across many economies around the world is their high dependency on petroleum. The chemical sector is no exception and considering the paramount role that solvents play within this industry they make an ideal focus for investigating green transition potential. This work attempts to shed some light on the scarce literature regarding the quantitative assessment of substitution capacity in target markets, by examining a case study of toluene use as an industrial cleaning agent and its replacement by limonene, a widely established citrus‐peel‐derived alternative in a number of applications. The systematic approach presented here compares market demand against potential supply by evaluating current and projected scenarios based on citrus fruit and juice production both at global and regional level. The results clearly show that the potential for complete substitution of toluene by limonene at global level is certainly out of reach, but encouraging results were obtained in specific regional substitution case studies, considering both citrus‐producing and citrus‐importing countries. In these cases, there is a clear potential for limonene to substitute toluene as a solvent within and beyond the cleaning sector, leaving space for future work in this area to investigate the transition potential for other important bio‐based chemicals. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd


A major cause of errors in speech recognition is the inaccurate detection of word bound-ary.Conventional methods can not work well in the condition of low SNR and variable background noise level.This paper uses refined time-frequency parameter and zero crossing rate of speech signal to train neuro-fuzzy classifier to detect word boundary.The experiments in different noise background show that the algorithm can adapt to the variation of the background noise level and reach high accu-racy rates.[


The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities marked the change in political, as well as social attitude towards people with disabilities. This foundation of reaffirmation is in need of educational and cultural structures to allow self-realization. Public spaces like the local library offer room for intersocial education. This is possible through the common interest in human knowledge, which breaks through borders of gender, age, or possible disabilities. In this case, libraries act as central places, which not only produce cultural and social exchange, but additionally strengthen the appeal of libraries.


We investigate the optical property of bent ZnO nanowires (NWs) obtained by low energy argon ion milling. At room temperature, the bent NWs demonstrates an enhanced near band edge ultraviolet emission, while the deep level green emission is totally suppressed. Temperature dependent photoluminescence measurements were carried out between 10 and 300 K for both the as-grown and the bent ZnO NWs. It is found that the emission peak energy of the bent NWs systematically shifts to lower energy compared to the as-grown NWs in the whole measured temperature range. Our results indicate that the redshift in the emission peak is related to the uniaxial tensile strain and the enhanced exciton–phonon coupling strength in the bent ZnO NWs.


Dissipative solitons (DSs) can be generated in microresonators featuring Kerr nonlinearities via continuous wave (CW) pumping, forming a frequency comb in the spectral domain [1] . While single cavity DSs have been thoroughly investigated in the last years, recent efforts have moved towards photonic molecules (linearly coupled cavities). These arrangements give rise to exotic physical phenomena [2] , [3] and practical improvements in terms of conversion efficiency and tuneable comb dynamics [4] , [5] . In a recent study of normal dispersion photonic molecules [3] , we found that DSs can be generated in absence of intracavity CW bistability. Here, we show that this feature enables the CW initiation of DSs, tuning the laser into resonance either from the blue side or the red side. While DS initation from the red side has been demonstrated with the photorefractive effect [6] , this is the first demonstration of bidirectional initiation that only requires a Kerr nonlinear medium.


Received : June 15, 2018 Revised : July 10, 2018 Accepted : August 01, 2018 1Adnan Menderes University, Department of Child Health and Diseases, Neonatology Department, Aydın, Turkey 2Adnan Menderes University, Department of Child Health and Diseases, Aydın, Turkey 3Adnan Menderes University, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Aydın, Turkey 4Adnan Menderes University, Department of Pathology, Aydın, Turkey 5Adnan Menderes University, Department of Radiology, Aydın, Turkey


As an important national industrial bases of"Made in China",Dongguan's manufacturing industry has greatly contributed to China's economic growth.However,with the fast development of global technology,it is hindered from unrational industrial structure and underdeveloped technology.The paper,based on analyses of Dongguan's status quo and features of local economy as well as constraints on its manufacturing industry,discusses its current advantages together with proposals for restructuring its manufacturing industry.


ABSTRACT Higher build rates in Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) process in combination with Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) have been proposed to reduce the cost-per-part of additive manufacturing. However, inert gas trapped in the pores could cause healed pores to re-grow after elevated temperature exposure. Therefore, understanding the possible effects of this pore re-opening phenomenon is crucial in maintaining quality of parts subjected to elevated temperatures during service. The aim of the present study was to investigate pore re-opening after HIP in Ti–6Al–4V parts by exposing samples to different elevated temperatures for varying times. The changes in the pore content were studied using microscopy and micro X-ray computed tomography in combination with gas content analysis. Based on the results, it was concluded that for typical service temperatures of Ti–6Al–4V, pore re-opening was minimal.


In late 1965 the Pennsylvania Air Pollution Commission appointed a Council of Technical Advisors to develop air quality criteria. Recently, this Council set forth its recommendations for ten pollutants. The philosophy of the Council is expressed. The major difficulties and rational are mentioned. The recommendations are given and the potential use of the criterion is also explained.


This paper addresses the transparent and realistic optimum day-ahead (DA) scheduling for a hybrid power system by explicitly considering the uncertainties. The basic components of the hybrid power system include conventional thermal generators, wind farm, and solar photovoltaic (PV) modules. A set of batteries is available for energy storage and/or discharge. The most critical problem in operating a wind farm or solar PV module is that these renewable energy resources cannot be dispatched in the same manner as conventional plants, because they involve climatic factors such as wind velocity and solar irradiation. This paper proposes the optimal scheduling strategy taking into account the impact of uncertainties in wind, solar PV, and load forecasts, and provides the best-fit DA schedule by minimizing both DA and real-time adjustment costs including the revenue from renewable energy certificates. This strategy consists of a genetic algorithm (GA)-based scheduling and a two-point estimate-based probabilistic real-time optimal power flow. The simulation for the IEEE 30-bus system with the GA and two-point estimate method, and the GA and Monte Carlo simulation have been obtained to test the effectiveness of the proposed scheduling strategy.


Summary . The paper presents a design concept for a stand t o record electromagnetic and mechanical opening/closing time of injectors used in fueling systems of I.C. engines. The device makes it possible to precisely determine the inject or needle opening and closing time due to the application of an oscilloscope of the 100 MHz sampl ing rate and an IR sensor to record the realtime needle position. Results of testing gas injecto r opening lag for various values of supply voltage and injected gas pressure have been presented.


Canary Islands form a volcanic archipelago with 7 major islands with a long-standing history of volcanic activity that began more than 40 million years ago More than a dozen eruptions have occurred on the islands of Tenerife, Lanzarote, and La Palma since the 16 th century. We used several geodetic techniques in order to achieve ground deformation on those islands. We propose that the measured
deformation is directly related to gravitational sinking of the intrusive core the island into a weak lithosphere.
We favour this thesis, relative to that of spreading, because neither the published data on the geology of Tenerife show evidence of compressional structures around the base of the island nor the GPS data indicate significant
radial displacements, which would have been present in the case of spreading.
In adition, given that the crust has been inflected under the mass of Tenerife, following Borgia (1994), we propose that the volcanic edifice is in a state of compression, which, in some volcanoes, has in the past been associated with hazardous explosive eruptions.


In this work, we carried out direct numerical simulations in large channel domains and studied the kinematics and dynamics of fully localised turbulent bands at Reynolds number $Re=750$. Our results show that the downstream end of the band features fast streak generation and travels into the adjacent laminar flow, whereas streaks at the upstream end decay continually and more slowly. This asymmetry is responsible for the transverse growth of the band. We particularly investigated the mechanism of streak generation at the downstream end, which drives the growth of the band. We identified a spanwise inflectional instability associated with the local mean flow near the downstream end, and our results strongly suggest that this instability is responsible for the streak generation and ultimately for the growth of the band. Based on our study, we propose a possible self-sustaining mechanism of fully localised turbulent bands at low Reynolds numbers in channel flow.


A new lead(II) borate, (Pb4O)Pb2B6O14, has been synthesized by low-temperature hydrothermal method. It crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetric polar space group P1 and structurally features a three-dimensional framework composed of paralleled spiral B6O14 chains connected by the Pb cations and isolated oxygen-centered Pb4O tetrahedra. It exhibits a phase-matching powder second harmonic generation (SHG) effect of about 3.5 times that of KH2PO4 (KDP) at the 1064 nm fundamental wavelength. It also has optical band gap of 3.3 eV and high thermal stability up to 480 °C, which make it a promising candidate for nonlinear optical (NLO) material. In addition, electronic structure and NLO property are studied by the first-principles method, and the calculated NLO coefficients are consistent with the experimental observations. The important contributions of Pb4O tetrahedra and the borate groups to the SHG response have been identified by the SHG-density method.


A weight-losing face-beautifying sour milk tablet (or powder) for losing human weight, beautifying skin, and preventing and treating hypertension, hyperlipemia, hyperglycemia, cardiovascular disease, fatty liver, apoplexy and cancer is prepared from defatted sour milk powder, conjugated linoleic acid, L-carnitine, apple polyhenol, chitosan, chrysanthemum flower powder, perilla oil, vitamins and minerals through cleaning fresh milk, defatting, mixing with others, homogenizing, sterilizing, concentrating, fermenting, spray drying, die pressing, examining and packing.


The author attended many construction supervision of the drulled pile, analyzed construction quality control of the drilled pile, pointed out some key process in construction quality control of the drilled pile, put forward corresponding elimination method for the malfunction which happened in construction.


In this paper,the elastic continuation and plastic flow theory of axialcompression Concrete Filled Steel Tubular (CFST) memberss applied to creep analysis of the CFST arch bridges through finite element analysis program.The corresponding analysis result indicates that the effect of creep of the CFST arch bridge can influence its deformation behavior and force state remarkably and the result gotten with this method is reasonable.


Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) growth is promoted by the androgen receptor (AR). Castration-resistant PCa is associated with activated signaling pathways. Results: LCoR represses human PCa growth in vivo. Src kinase inactivates the corepressive function of LCoR in vivo. Conclusion: LCoR, a novel corepressor for AR, inhibits PCa cell growth in vivo. LCoR is inactivated by Src kinase in castration-resistant PCa. Significance: As a ligand-dependent CoR, LCoR is able to inhibit AR activity in the presence of agonists in comparison to SMRT, Alien, or NCoR and thus could offer new therapies without applying antagonists, which result in androgen-independent growth. For this, the target could be the here-described Src pathway. The activated androgen receptor (AR) promotes prostate cancer (PCa) growth. AR antagonists repress the AR by recruitment of corepressors. Not much is known about the inactivation of AR by corepressors in the presence of agonists (androgens). Here we show that the corepressor LCoR acts as an androgen-dependent corepressor that represses human PCa growth in vivo. In line with this, progressive decrease of ligand-dependent corepressor expression was observed in the PCa TRAMP mouse model with increasing age. LCoR interacts with AR and is recruited to chromatin in an androgen-induced manner. Unexpectedly, the LXXLL motif of LCoR is dispensable for interaction with the AR. Rather, the data indicate that LCoR interacts with the AR DNA binding domain on DNA. Interestingly, the interaction of LCoR with AR is inhibited by signaling pathways that are associated with androgen-independent PCa. Here we also show that the Src kinase inactivates the corepressive function of LCoR. Interfering with endogenous Src function by a dominant negative Src mutant, the growth inhibitory activity of LCoR is enhanced in vivo in a xenograft mouse model system. Thus, our studies indicate a role of LCoR as an AR corepressor and a tumor suppressor. Further, the decreased expression or inactivation of LCoR is as an important step toward PCa carcinogenesis in vivo.


With the maturity of chaos theory and the rapid development of artificial intelligence, the establishment of chaotic time series prediction model based on neural network has become a hot issue. In order to further improve the prediction accuracy of neural network and solve the shortcomings of traditional BP neural network in convergence speed and stability, the chaotic time series prediction method based on the optimization of sparrow algorithm is proposed. The threshold and weight of neural network topology are optimized by using a new Sparrow Search Algorithm to improve the robustness of network prediction, so as to solve the prediction problem of chaotic time series. The experimental results show that the proposed optimization method has been significantly improved in prediction accuracy.


In contrast to other countries in Asia, little is known concerning the possible occurrence of undescribed Hominoidea (i.e., wildmen) in Myanmar (Burma). We here present six accounts from Myanmar describing wildmen or their sign published between 1910 and 1972; three of these reports antedate popularization of wildmen (e.g., yeti and sasquatch) in the global media. Most reports emanate from mountainous regions of northern Myanmar (primarily Kachin State) where wildmen appear to inhabit montane forests. Wildman tracks are described as superficially similar to human (Homo sapiens) footprints, and about the same size to almost twice the size of human tracks. Presumptive pressure ridges were described in one set of wildman tracks. Accounts suggest wildmen are bipedal, 120-245 cm in height, and covered in longish pale to orange-red hair with a head-neck ruff. Wildmen are said to utter distinctive vocalizations, emit strong odors, and sometimes behave aggressively towards humans. Published accounts of wildmen in Myanmar are largely based on narratives provided by indigenous informants. We found nothing to indicate informants were attempting to beguile investigators, and consider it unlikely that wildmen might be confused with other large mammals native to the region. Supernatural status for wildmen seems precluded by the lack of mythical elements in indigenous narratives. Collectively this evidence suggests that a scientifically undescribed bipedal primate may occur in the mountains of northern Myanmar and warrants further investigation. An interview survey of indigenous people in this region would go far towards establishing a basis for future field


The TRIADO project (2016-2019) is a cooperation between Netwerk Oorlogsbronnen (coordinator), NIOD Institute for War, Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Huygens ING/KNAW Humanities Cluster and the National Archives of the Netherlands (Nationaal Archief). TRIADO explores technological strategies to transform analogue text-based archival collections into digital data that can be used for research. The first part of the project is about trying out new techniques to open up collections, the second part is a 'reality check' to explore the research potential of the data created. Increasingly, archives, libraries and museums (ALMs) digitize their analogue historical collections. Yet, in 2017 it was estimated that only approximately one tenth of all heritage collections in Europe have been digitized so far. There is still a large gap between the specific needs of the digital humanities-community and the digital 'raw materials' supplied by the ALMs. Text-based historical collections are potentially interesting to a wide range of different scientific disciplines, but so far - in case of the Netherlands - only a few digitized archives are equipped to be used for digital research. The main aim of TRIADO is to bridge this gap by performing a 'laboratory to reality'-check with the most frequently consulted WWII archive in the Netherlands: the Central Archive of Special Jurisdiction (CABR). The CABR held by the Nationaal Archief (National Archives of the Netherlands) consists of the legal case files of some 300,000 persons accused of collaborating with the German occupier. The CABR contains approximately 4 kilometers of analogue documents (shelf space), ranging from minutes and verdicts to membership cards, forms and summons. Most documents are typed or hybrid (typed/handwritten). The experimental pilot project TRIADO focuses on two complementary research questions: 1. Which digital methods are best suited (in terms of quality, efficiency, etc) to make large corpora of unstructured, imperfect data, based on analogue collections, usable as a research facility? 2. Is it possible to answer specific, mainly quantitative statistical research questions on the basis of the digital data created under 1? A sample of 13.8 meters from the CABR was digitized to test technologies and perform experiments. Also, a workflow for mass digitization was devised and a demonstrator was built to showcase the results of the experiments. In this paper we discuss the main findings of the research done in part 1. This paper reports on processes for mass digitization, OCR quality and improvement, auto-classification of document types, named entity recognition, date extraction and matching of existing name lists to OCR'd data.


Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 1962, Vol 7(8), 296–297. Reviews the books, Adult et infant Devant Dieu: Etudes de Psychologie Religieuse by S. J. A. Godin (Ed.); and Child and Adult before God: Thought and Research by S. J. A. Godin (Ed.)(1961). The book is uneven in pace as it shifts from theory to case illustrations. Students of psychotherapy and their teachers may find this a very useful didactic volume. It is a pity that the title is misleading and that many people who are not interested in social work but who are interested in psychotherapy will miss it. The book will surely be appreciated by anyone with a serious concern for the understanding of the psychotherapeutic process. It will be read with profit by those who search for a model fitting the intense and complex human relationship so skillfully and tenderly nurtured in psychotherapy and so little understood in terms of the means by which it is nurtured. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the performance measurement in the UK NHS ambulance service documenting various unintended consequences of the current performance framework and to suggest a future research agenda.Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews the literature on ambulance performance targets and documents several unintended consequences of the current performance system through an in‐depth case study analysis based on interviews with Trust staff and policy experts along with observation of performance review meetings in the chosen Trust. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from a local NHS research ethics committee.Findings – Significant unintended consequences of the ambulance performance targets based on response times have been systematically documented, which are likely to put the target under spotlight, especially that of the eight‐minute response. The current policy focus to reform the eight‐minute target by making it more stringent has the potential of jeopa...


Software-defined radio concept offers high flexibility through the modulation/demodulation functionality implemented in software. HackRF one is an open mid-range SDR hardware platform which is available in the market. Proposed method was designed and experimentally carried out to transmit and receive digital data source through GFSK scheme. Four scenarios were designed which were scenario I, II, III and IV by placing the transmitter and receiver in frour different positions and conditions. The digital data source was in form of wav music. The results show that the digital data was successfully transmitted in all scenarios. Each scenario produced different signal power where it was 12dB, 10dB, 9 dB and 5dB for scenario I, II, III and IV respectively. It can be concluded that HackRF one as a mid-range hardware platform has been successed to perform SDR transmission. Keyword: SDR, GFSK, HackRF one, receiver  *Corresponding author Email: firstname.lastname@example.com 1148 Abdulgader Elamin Elsaghier, et al


John Aage Gjestrum was born in the village of Boverbru in Toten municipality, close to the lake Mjosa in Southeast Norway. In his early teens he was deeply influenced by Johannes Sivesind, who was then director of Toten Museum and over the years came to serve as John Aage's inspiring mentor. Sivesind left Toten in 1967. Ten years later, after having completed his studies, John Aage returned to Toten to become museum director. He was only 24 years old, which was in those days sensational for a museum director in Norway.


Gender issues are among the most sizzling and debated concerns in the current scenario of modernity. The history is witness that women almost in all societies have never dominated men and have compulsorily lived the oppressed and deprived lives. Besides, the societies that are running under the centuries old customary law and traditionalism have very less space for women empowerment and emancipation. Equilibrium in gender roles and parity in men-women statuses has become a social monster and is a matter of concern. In this context, this study is an attempt to illuminate the gender issue emphasizing over the gendered decision-making process among one of the oldest civilization named as Pakhtun. The study was conducted in a typical and traditional Pakhtun society namely Batkhela where all the socio-economic and political activities are predominantly governed by the Pakhtun Code of life renowned as Pakhtunwali. This research study is optimistically an elegant addition to the field of knowledge and particularly it would be a source of inspiration for those who are interested in gender related issues.


Full scale static investigations were conducted on the Quiet Short Haul Research Aircraft (QSRA) to determine the thrust deflecting capabilities of the circulation control wing/upper surface blowing (CCW/USB) concept. This scheme, which combines favorable characteristics of both the A-6/CCW and QSRA, employs the flow entrainment properties of CCW to pneumatically deflect engine thrust in lieu of the mechanical USB flap system. Results show that the no moving parts blown system produced static thrust deflections in the range of 40 deg to 97 deg (depending on thrust level) with a CCW pressure of 208,900 Pa (30.3 psig). In addition, the ability to vary horizontal forces from thrust to drag while maintaining a constant vertical (or lift) value was demonstrated by varying the blowing pressure. The versatility of the CCW/USB system, if applied to a STOL aircraft, was confirmed, where rapid conversion from a high drag approach mode to a thrust recovering waveoff or takeoff configuration could be achieved by nearly instantaneous blowing pressure variation.


In this paper, two implementations of a digital loudspeaker crossover that utilize two different types of magnitude complementary filter pairs are investigated. Influences that these types of crossovers have on the subjective experience of the reproduced sound are compared. The first type of magnitude complementary filter pairs comprises IIR filters. These filters are constructed as a tapped cascaded interconnection of two all-pass filters. The all-pass subfilters can be of a very low order so that changing of the crossover frequency is very simple. The disadvantage is that these filters have nonlinear phase characteristic. The second type of magnitude complementary filter pairs comprises linear phase FIR filters. The disadvantage of these filters is high implementation complexity


Presented are results of theoretical investigation of field formation with given intensity distribution for a resonator with back deformable mirror. Herewith the preassigned intensity distribution is fundamental mode; selectivity (with respect to losses for transverse modes) of a resonator with deformable mirror is comparable with selectivity of reference cavity.


he predominant psychosocial approach to the care of patients with dementia has been Reality Orientation (RO).'-3 Most proponents of RO T advocate a 24-hour system, whereby staff actively provide reorientation and reality cues whenever interacting with a patient. As an adjunct or alternative to the 24-hour method, RO has also been developed as more formal didactic group therapy (Class RO). A staff member presents information such as the date, day of the week, time of day, and current location in an organized, intensive cognitive retraining group for about 30 minutes each day. Despite the widespread use of RO in long-term care facilities, controversy surrounds its actual therapeutic When RO was first developed in the late 1950~,~,' staff were enthusiastic about its use. Not only did cognitive orientation improve, but positive behavioral changes were noted. In the past 20 years numerous researchers have analyzed the efficacy of RO. A review of the literature by Woods and grittons concludes that RO produces some improvement in verbal orientation, but changes are minimal in other areas of functioning. Hanley, McGuire, and Boyd5 and Citrin and Dixon' have found that while Class RO does improve cognitive function somewhat, it has no effect on other behaviors, such as Activity of Daily Living skills. Woods and Brittons speculate that the benefits of RO depend upon the change in the interactional process between staff and patients. In fact, one of the original purposes of RO was to give staff a sense of "doing something" with patients that have bleak futures. Accordingly, the success of RO in any particular treatment setting may depend upon the staffs belief in and enthusiasm for the technique. In our experience, nursing home staff are cynical


The author investigates comparisons of the corruption prevalence in countries with different economic systems based on the regularly calculated corruption perception index. The essence of corruption interactions in an economy is revealed through relations of power and dependence, property distribution and related economic actors behavior. The article shows a role of the institutional environment in corruption expanding or reducing, its connection with the development of civil society and the processes of economy socialization. The influence of corruption on certain aspects of economy socialization is specified: social differentiation, innovative orientation of production development, macroeconomic stability, development of the institutional environment, efficiency of the public administration system, property allocation efficiency, general humanization of activities and the human capital quality associated with these processes. The author shows how corruption relations affect individual aspects of socialization of the economy, considers the potential and prospects of noonomy and the NIS's new economy in the processes of reducing corruption and strengthening the foundations of socialization. Micro- and macroaspects of the formation of a new human with his needs structure and new production corresponding to these needs are separately noted.


A presentation in two parts of some of the work in progress in the Sistine Chapel. The first part (linked with a slide sequence, for which not all the illustrations are reproduced) discusses the techniques used by Michelangelo, the consequences of past interventions and the methods employed for the current restoration. The use of the solvent AB 57 is being carefully controlled by time of application so that there will not be inconsistencies in the restoration over 12 years. The second part considers the temperature fluctuations in the chapel throughout the day, and the precautions that will be taken to level out RH changes in the future. The clarity of colours now being revealed in the cleaning will allow lower lighting intensity in the future. Photographs, plans.


The part of chemist has been varying over the past two decades. The chemist is no longer a broker of medicine and concocter of medicinal products, but also group participant involved in the providing of healthcare. Pharmaceutical care is growing importance with the challenges of self-care. The importance of pharmacist is increasing and for them, their greater involvement in self-care means greater responsibility towards their customers and an increased need for accountability.


BACKGROUND
Concern about the lack of activities on mental health inpatient wards is long-standing with reports consistently finding that service users receive insufficient access to a range of activities and report high levels of boredom. There is recognition that little is known about what services users want when admitted to inpatient wards.

AIM
This review seeks to understand service users' experiences and views in relation to the provision and availability of activities, and to explore the perceived benefits and barriers to service users.

METHODS
We searched multiple databases (Scopus, Medline, CINHAL, PsychINFO, and Embase) for studies that evaluated activities on acute adult inpatient mental health wards. We identified 12 papers across a range of methodological designs from which the narrative synthesis has been analysed.

RESULTS
Findings show that the provision of activities is unsatisfactory for many service users which in turn is relates to increased boredom that has a negative impact on service users' wellbeing. We explore the benefits and barriers to engagement, providing an insight into the aspects that make an activity important.

CONCLUSION
There are few studies exploring the needs of service users regarding activity provision, therefore there is limited knowledge about what is meaningful for individuals.


The invention relates to a preparation method of an alkaline-earth metal compound and belongs to the technical field of chemical industry. The invention aims to remove impurity elements at a high efficiency and a low cost through an extraction separation method by adopting commonly-used alkaline-earth metal elements as raw materials and utilizing the difference in the ability of an extract formed by different elements and an extracting agent, so that the alkaline-earth metal compound with low impurity and high content is prepared. The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of being simple in process, low in energy consumption, green and environment-friendly, friendly in environment, good in product activity and the like.


AbstractAn adaptive hybrid genetic algorithm (GA) and cellular automata (CA) method is proposed for solving implicit stochastic optimization of reservoir operation problems. The method is based on ...


Objective By the cormparision of the rapamycin combined with cisplatin with the rapamycin or cisplatin alone towards osteosarcoma' s proliferation and apoptosis,to provide new method in treating osteosarcoma in the clinical.Methods Bone sarcoma cell line were randomly divided into 4 groups:The blank group,positive medicine group 1,positive medicine group 2 and the treatment group.to add 20 mg/L rapamycin in the positive medicine group 1,to add 10 mg/L cisplatin In the positive medicine group 2,to add 20 mg/L rapamycin and 10 mg/L cisplatin in the treatment group,and to add the equal amount of normal saline in the blank group.Then detect the Inhibition rate of every group with MMT,andthe apoptosis rate with flow evtometrv.Results to mean ± standard deviation ((x) ±(s)) said.Results The inhibition rate and apoptosis rate of combination towards osteosareoma enhances obviously compared to the separate application,and the difference is statistically significant(P < 0.05).The blank group:0.33 ± 0.02,positive medicine group 1:0.56 ± 0.05,positive medicine group 2:0.55 ± 0.03,The treatment group:0.95 ±0.01.The apoptosis rate of combination towards osteosarcoma enhances obviously compared to the separate application,and the difference is statistically significant(P < 0.05).Conclusion The combination of rapamycin and cisplatin can Inhibit osteosarcoma cell proliferation and induce its apoptosis obviously,better than the separate application.then can trear the osteosarcoma better.

Key words:
Rapamycin;  Cisplatin;  Bone sarcoma cells;  Treatment


Human rights organisations have accused the Israeli authorities of detaining Palestinian patients from the Gaza Strip, or their escorts, to try to obtain intelligence information in return for an exit permit to enable them to receive medical treatment.

An investigation by the Al Mezan Centre for Human Rights in Gaza and Physicians for Human Rights—Israel says that the latest reported case was that of Rawhy Fouad Qarqaz, 43, who needed treatment on a meniscus of the knee at a hospital in East Jerusalem. Qarqaz was summoned for …


This paper presents a class of routing protocols for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) called the Optimized link state routing protocol (OLSR). OLSR protocol performs well in networks having changing topology of nodes, as it can adapt in such environments easily and updated routing table is maintained by all nodes all the time. Wide range of improvement is possible by changing only the configuration parameters of OLSR protocol. Modification to the OLSR protocol is needed to increase the performance of the OLSR protocol in a VANET scenario. This can be done by implementing Genetic Algorithm on OLSR protocol and this result in fine auto-tuned OLSR configuration. Performance gets improved in terms of increased PDR and Throughput and reduced End to End Delay with optimized-OLSR (OLSR-GA) protocol.


Creation of high-quality $p\ensuremath{-}n$ junctions in graphene monolayer is vital in studying many exotic phenomena of massless Dirac fermions. However, even with the fast progress of graphene technology for more than ten years, it remains conspicuously difficult to generate nanoscale and atomically sharp $p\ensuremath{-}n$ junctions in graphene. Here, we realized nanoscale $p\ensuremath{-}n$ junctions with atomically sharp boundaries in graphene monolayer by using monolayer vacancy island of Cu surface. The generated sharp $p\ensuremath{-}n$ junctions with the height as high as 660 meV isolate the graphene above the Cu monolayer vacancy island as nanoscale graphene quantum dots (GQDs) in a continuous graphene sheet. Massless Dirac fermions are confined by the $p\ensuremath{-}n$ junctions for a finite time to form quasibound states in the GQDs. By using scanning tunneling microscopy, we observe resonances of quasibound states in the GQDs with various sizes and directly visualize effects of geometries of the GQDs on the quantum interference patterns of the quasibound states, which allow us to test the quantum electron optics based on graphene in atomic scale.


The increase in the usage of various computing and mobile devices has resulted in implementing large scale ad hoc networks as the user demand is on the rise and companies' find it difficult to invest more in the IT infrastructure to meet the surging demand. The traditional model of networking enables the mobile devices to face various issues like lower bandwidth, mobility, security and storage et. Hence, in order to meet the overall service requirement and to enhance the overall efficiency of the network, cloud computing was introduced. The implementation of these devices tends to support in every node, it enhances better communication in a better range towards another nodes. There is a critical administration and support devices from everywhere in an effective manner. Hence the new paradigm of implementing cloud computing support the computing and medical devices in the neighbouring network. The ad hoc network supports in covering larger area base and hence cloud computing supports them in enhancing the effectiveness of operations. This study covers in addressing the critical determinants of analysing the overall opportunities and potential in implementing cloud computing for ad hoc networks. The major factors considered are enhancing the processing capabilities using cloud computing, scalability of network and autonomous and independent networking support. These aspects promote enhanced ad hoc networking for enhancing communication between the devices, enable the organisation to spend less on the IT infrastructure


THE RELATIONSHIP OF METABOLIC CONTROL TO HARDINESS, SELFEFFICACY, AND PERCEIVED MEDICATION ADHERENCE IN ADULTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS By Ok Chon Pyon Allison, Ph.D., APRN, BC, ANP A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2003. Major Director: Janet B. Younger, Ph.D., R.N., P.N.P., Professor and Associate Dean, School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University Diabetes mellitus, a serious and costly disease, is a public health challenge. Diabetes is controllable, yet non-adherence to prescribed medications causes diabetesrelated complications resulting in hospital admissions and readmissions that may be prevented. A cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational study was conducted to investigate the relationship of metabolic control (A1C) to hardiness, self-efficacy, and perceived medication adherence. Health-Related Hardiness Scale (Pollock, 1990); Long-Term Medication Behavior Self-Efficacy Scale (De Geest et al., 1994); and Perceived Medication Adherence Scale (Allison, 2000) were administered to 215 participants. Data analyses of correlation and multiple linear regression using SPSS 10.0 statistical software were performed. Metabolic control was not significantly predicted by hardiness, self-efficacy, and perceived medication adherence. However, Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 42% (n = 88) had A1C level < 7%. The Perceived Medication Adherence Scale was found to be of one factor structure and reliable. The findings indicate that physiological phenomena were not predicted by self-reported behavioral phenomena. Further research using an intervention study, such as patient education and/or telephone followup intervention in conjunction with diet and medication therapy needs to be conducted to determine whether metabolic control will be improved in adults with diabetes


A crucial element of the quest of curbing carbon dioxide emissions is deemed to rely on a biobased economy, which will rely on the development of financially sustainable biorefining systems enabling a full exploitation of lignocellulosic biomass (and its macrocomponents, i.e. cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) for the co-production of biofuels and bioderived platform chemicals. In this work, a general modelling framework conceived to steer decision-making regarding the strategic design and systematic planning of advanced biorefining supply networks is presented. The design task is formulated as a mixed integer linear program (MILP) which accounts for the maximisation of the supply chain profit, considering multi-echelon, multi-period, multi-feedstock and multiproduct aspects as well as spatially explicit features. The applicability of the proposed model, along with the use of a bi-level decomposition approach, are demonstrated with a case study of lignocellulose-based biorefining production systems in the South-West of Hungary. Results show the effectiveness of the tool in the decision-making regarding the systematic design of advanced biorefining SC networks. An economic analysis 1 of different design configurations (i.e. centralised and distributed scenarios) through a holistic evaluation of the entire biobased SC, integrating technology superstructure, shows that both instances generate profitable investment decisions that could be equally trusted by the decision-maker unless regional restrictions are applied.


It is well known that an Earth-like planet has four stationary solutions, two stable and the other two unstable in the linear sense, which can be checked by computing the eigenvalues of the linearized system of equations of motion. Determining the orbital stability (or Liapunov stability) is rather more involved, and it requires firstly, the computing of the normal form around the equilibrium; secondly the expression of this normal form in action-and-angle variables in order to apply the so called Arnold's theorem of stability. For some specific values, higher order normal forms are required. However, Arnold's theorem is useless in the presence of resonances, and a new technique (related again with normal forms) must be applied in order to determine orbital stability. In this work, we proceed symbolically, taking the harmonic coefficients as parameters. We find the Liapunov stability diagram in the parametric plane for the stationary points. Resonances 2:1 and 3:1 are also studied, as well as the case at which a higher order normalization is required. The advantage of the symbolic analysis is that it is enough to replace the actual values of a planet or celestial body to have the orbital stability of the stationary points.


The descriptive approach based on diagnostic criteria that characterizes the ICD-10 and the DSM-IV has led to marked improvement around the world in the identification and treatment of mental disorders. However, even those who developed these systems recognize that their primary accomplishment has been the improved reliability of diagnosis. These benefits are most apparent in the research milieu, where explicit diagnostic criteria can be applied in the course of lengthy, complex, and costly standardized diagnostic interviews. There is no evidence of a parallel improvement in the reliability of diagnosis in daily clinical practice. The WHO is looking upon the current revision of the ICD as an opportunity to address several major issues with the present classifications of mental disorders, but it is placing greater importance on making them more clinically useful for healthcare professionals. Four decades of research have failed to demonstrate that the current nosology for mental disorders is based on valid disease entities. The hope was that improved reliability, possibly through a symptom-based descriptive classification,