Objective To evaluate cerebral vasomotor reactivity(CVR) in patients with different types of ischemic stroke and to provide evidence for adjusting optimal blood pressure level in secondary prevention of stroke. Methods We evaluated the breath-holding index(BHI) using the breath-holding index technique during bilateral Transcranial Doppler monitoring of flow velocity in the middle cerebral arteries(MCA) of 70 patients with symptomatic middle cerebral artery atherostenosis(MCAS) and30 patients with lacunar infarction and 36 sex-and age-matched healthy volunteers. Results BHI was significantly lower in patients with symptomatic MCAS in bilateral MCAs than that in the control subjects (0.91±0.43 vs 1.53±0.80; 1.24±0.42 vs 1.53±0.80,P0.01) and BHI in MCA with infarction focus was significantly lower than with no focus(0.91±0.43 vs 1.24±0.42). Compared with controls,BHI in patients with lacunar infarction was significantly lower(1.28±0.86 vs 1.53±0.80,P0.05). Moreover,BHI decreased progressively with changing of the severity of cerebrovascular stenosis(0.65±0.36 vs 1.41±0.59,0.65±0.36 vs 1.11±0.42,P0.05). Conclusion The cerebral vasomotor reactivity is impaired in patients with symptomatic MCAS and lacunar infarction. CVR assessment is helpful to adjust optimal blood pressure level in secondary prevention of stroke.


This study investigated the cost of living in 44 Asian countries in 2023. The data were collected from numbeo.com and analyzed using the Entropy method from the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods. The five criteria determined for this analysis were ranked according to the MOOSRA, MOORA, VIKOR and WASPAS methods. The results showed that the countries at the top of the cost of living ranking have similar rankings in other methods. This study is expected to contribute to the literature on the current cost of living analysis with MCDM methods.


Summary.  Background: Thrombin is a primary inducer of thrombus formation by activations of coagulation cascade and platelet aggregation. Hitherto, several types of thrombin inhibitors have been developed for therapeutic purpose. Objectives: We prepared modified thrombin (M‐thrombin) and modified anhydrothrombin (M‐anhydrothrombin) by chemical modification of carboxyl groups of thrombin and anhydrothrombin, respectively, to present a new strategy for a potent antiplatelet–anticoagulant agent and new tools for investigation of thrombin functions. Results: M‐anhydrothrombin retained high affinity for factor VIII (FVIII), but demonstrated lower affinity than anhydrothrombin for fibrinogen and factor V (FV). Both M‐anhydrothrombin and anhydrothrombin prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) without affecting prothrombin time, and M‐anhydrothrombin prolonged APTT much more than anhydrothrombin. M‐anhydrothrombin also retained affinity for the recombinant extracellular domain peptide of protease‐activated receptor 1 (PAR1). M‐thrombin exhibited marginal clotting activity (4% of thrombin), but induced platelet aggregation in platelet‐rich plasma without forming a fibrin clot, which was completely suppressed by anti‐PAR1 antibody (ATAP2) and by M‐anhydrothrombin, but not by anhydrothrombin. These results indicate that M‐thrombin induced platelet aggregation through the activation of PAR1, and M‐anhydrothrombin inhibited this process completely. In contrast, neither M‐anhydrothrombin nor anhydrothrombin apparently inhibited thrombin‐induced platelet aggregation. Only in the presence of the Gly‐Pro‐Arg‐Pro (GPRP) peptide that inhibits polymerization of fibrin, M‐anhydrothrombin completely inhibited thrombin‐induced platelet aggregation. Conclusion: M‐thrombin is PAR1‐specific and M‐anhydrothrombin is FVIII‐ and PAR1‐specific derivatives, and thereby, are new tools as specific agonist and antagonist, respectively, of PAR1. Furthermore, M‐anhydrothrombin may be an attractive model for development of a potent anticoagulant–antiplatelet agent.


Over the past decade, rapid advances in microfluidics have led to the creation of valves, pumps, mixers, multiplexers, along with a large variety of other devices. This technology has allowed for many fluidics applications to be performed on a chip that is approximately an inch square in area. Such applications include cell sorting, PCR on chip, crystal growth, combinatorial mixing and many others. Although the complexity of these devices may seem overwhelming, they are based on simple process called multilayer soft lithography, which uses a silicone-based elastomer to create these amazing devices. However, with the current state of technology, the applications are somewhat limited. New devices need to be created to further such fields as fluidic logic and biomimetics.

Another major issue that challenges true acceptance of microfluidics is the need for a typically large interrogation setup to determine what is actually happening in the flow cell. In general, a microfluidic chip is placed under a bench top optical microscope in order to perform either colorimetric, absorption, or luminescence spectroscopy. Through these methods everything from cells to chemicals can be identified; however, a true lab-on-a-chip must not rely on something as cumbersome as a microscope. Integrated sensors must be developed to truly make lab-on-a-chip reasonable.

Through this thesis, several approaches for realization of integrated optoelectronic microfluidic systems are presented. The systems are capable of performing optical interrogation of analyte, from both outside of the flow cell as well as directly inside a flow channel. Also, some novel microfluidic devices which should pave the way for greater advancement in the field of microfluidics are discussed. Through the technologies presented, true lab-on-a-chip systems should be even closer to realization.


When determining the acoustic characteristics of a single-layer sample of a honeycomb liner by experiments in interferometers with normal wave incidence, a significant effect of incomplete lateral cells of the sample on acoustic characteristics was revealed. The experiments were carried out on two interferometers with channel diameters of 30 and 50 mm in the frequency range 500-3500 Hz at sound pressure levels of 120-155 dB. Based on the results of the experiments, an assessment was made of the effect on the acoustic characteristics of the percentage of perforation, which is the same both for one honeycomb cell and for the entire SAS sample. Based on the results of the research, recommendations were made to improve the accuracy of obtaining the acoustic characteristics of samples of honeycomb liner when testing them in interferometers of normal wave incidence.


Relatively little is known about the feeding habit of the Royal Bengal Tiger of Sundarbans and the relative biomass of individual prey base species that the predator consumes during each kill. This is the first attempt to collect such data from the study area. Data sets of two phases have been used. Identification of undigested remains of 214 tiger scat samples was carried out. A comparison with Sundarbans tigers in zoo has been made. In its natural habitat, the tiger consumes more of spotted deer, followed by wild boar, rhesus monkey, and water monitor. Though the tiger consumes a relatively low proportion of small prey species to meet its dietary requirements, it gains importance in the present perspective. Significant increase is noted in the relative number of prey species consumed in the second phase, which correlates well with increased prey availability. Hypotheses formulated to find the difference in prey biomass and relative number of prey consumed have been tested statistically. A significant difference in terms of relative number of prey consumed only was derived which has been qualitatively correlated with the positive effect of increased vigilance, as revealed by secondary data, on conserving tiger habitat vis-a-vis the increased prey availability in Sundarbans.


No adequate measures to avoid the undesirable orange coloration frequently encountered in the skipjack canning industry' are known. Finding that the orange colored meat contains an intensely blue fluorescent substance, its properties were studied. The darker the orange coloration, the more intense is the fluorescence observed, thus suggesting that this phenomenon may be useful in measuring the degree of orange coloration. The fluorescent substances were stable on heating with strong mineral acid and caustic alkali, insoluble in chloroform and other organic solvents and nonprecipitable with trichloroacetic acid or ammonium sulfate. The fluorescence was most intense at pH 4.3. On paper chromatograms, the fluorescent substance appears to be a mixture of several homologues.


Surface integrity of four surface statuses(grinding 1,grinding 2,grinding 1+ shot peening and grinding 2+ shot peening) on TC4 titanium alloy was discussed.Surface roughness,residual stress,FWHM value(full wave at half maximum) and fatigue limit of four surface statuses were tested.The results indicate that FWHM value and rotating-bending fatigue limit are 2.1°,406 MPa and 2.5°,432 MPa,after two grinding parameter,respectively,which means that FWHM value and fatigue limit mainly depend on grinding parameter,and that however,after peening,fatigue limit is up to 585 MPa and 594 MPa,respectively,which eliminate the effect of grinding on surface integrity.


In this paper, we analyze the competition between regions, where regions have the opportunity to invest in infrastructure to attract firms. Here we take airports as an example for infrastructural investment. We will show that in a model with two regions and monopolistic competition, the regional competition will lead to inefficiencies and bad investments, even though investments in airports are in general an important and useful public investment opportunity. However, the regional competition leads to oversized investments.


Abstract : A company recently introduced a special mixing method for producing stronger porous portland cement concrete than that made using standard mixing techniques. The process, which includes no admixtures, relies on a patented high-speed mixer to achieve the claimed results. The material, as designed by the company, was evaluated under laboratory conditions to determine its suitability for use as an overlay on concrete runways in the cold regions. Evaluations included strength, permeability and freeze-thaw tests. Concrete strength was improved whenever the high-speed mixer was used. However, the improvements were erratic, ranging from 2 to 37% stronger than the same concrete mixed using the standard technique. The mix design used by the company was fairly permeable to water but was not resistant to freezing and thawing when water was ponded on it. Further improvements are need in both the consistency of strength and the resistance to frost of this material before it can be considered for cold regions applications. Keywords: Laboratory tests, Runway pavements.


As property rights concerns grow along with budget pressures, government agencies charged with balancing resource policy objectives need to consider institutional alternatives to regulation and land purchase. This paper examines how public agencies participate in markets for partial interests in public and private land as a means of influencing resource use and conservation. The paper also reviews the application of real option theory to the valuation of conservation easements and considers potential extensions to other partial interests. Copyright 1997 Western Economic Association International.


conventional perspective of Western thinking, 'which places man over nature' so that, for example, Vitus Bering's expedition, which took more than a decade to prepare, is also 'a poignant precursor of the megalomania characteristic of those contemporary undertakings whose inevitable failure is inscribed beforehand in the hypertrophic nature of their ambitions' (pp. 35–6). But he then adds that Sebald's triptych shows that 'human evolution and history are governed by a calamitous predisposition that outweighs all resistance and allows for no remedy: an overmastering destructive tendency' (pp. 36–7). Consequently, its third poem is said to link Mancunian industry with the Holocaust by showing that 'factory and death factory ... are part of one continuum' (p. 39), and that the real focus of the observer-narrator's attention is Altdorfer's 'grandiose depiction of nature [as] an immense vista with an apocalyptic storm looming in the background' (p. 41) – a tragic Dionysiac insight, whose contemporary import is all too apparent despite the reassuring Apollonian veil that covers it. In Chapter 7 the Anglo-Saxon reader is offered a less than flattering explanation for Sebald's relative popularity in his/her world (p. 114), though there are other, more ideological reasons why bien-pensant liberals do not seem able to bear very much Sebaldian reality. So, equally importantly, Chapter 7's fascinating foray into reception theory makes the tacit but entirely convincing case that the time has now arrived for someone to undertake an exhaustive study of Sebald's reception in the English-speaking world where, in the view of some prophetic environmentalists, the last Trump is already audible.


Myopia is the most common ocular disorder worldwide and the leading cause of visual impairment in children. Its progression affects the normal retinal development, increasing the risk of suffering severe ocular pathologies that lead to irreversible blindness. Although the mechanism for myopia progression is not completely elucidated yet, it is suggested that the quality of the peripheral retinal images may play a role. This produced an enormous interest in using spectacle lenses with different focusing properties for foveal and peripheral vision as a treatment to slow myopia progression. In this work, we developed a novel instrument to optically characterise spectacle lenses designed for myopia control under realistic viewing conditions. First, the testing beam impinges the spectacle under test with different eccentricities. For each eccentricity, a steering mirror guides the beam towards a liquid crystal spatial light modulator (SLM). The SLM allows for reproducing several pupil sizes, shaping the pupil according to the eccentricity, reproducing ocular aberrations for different levels of myopia, and acquiring the through-focus point spread functions (PSFs). An electrically tunable liquid lens, conjugated to the SLM, compensates the base power of the tested lens and focuses the beam into a camera's sensor. Three spectacle lenses were tested, and different optical metrics were calculated from the PSF and the modulation transfer function.


With the globalization of service, organizations continuously produce large volumes of data that need to be analyzed over geodispersed locations. Traditionally central approach that moving all data to a single cluster is inefficient or infeasible due to the limitations such as the scarcity of wide-area bandwidth and the low latency requirement of data processing. Processing big data across geo-distributed datacenters continues to gain popularity in recent years. However, managing distributed Map Reduce computations across geo-distributed datacenters poses a number of technical challenges: how to allocate data among a selection of geo-distributed datacenters to reduce the communication cost, how to determine the Virtual Machine provisioning strategy that offers high performance and low cost, and what criteria should be used to select a datacenter as the final reducer for big data analytics jobs. In this paper, these challenges is addressed by balancing bandwidth cost, storage cost, computing cost, migration cost, and latency cost, between the two Map Reduce phases across datacenters. We formulate this complex cost optimization problem for data movement, resource provisioning and reducer selection into a joint stochastic integer nonlinear optimization problem by minimizing the five cost factors simultaneously. An efficient online algorithm that is able to minimize the long-term time-averaged operation cost is further designed.


China has the world's famous traditional culture,and accumulation of 5,000 years provided a valuable creative resource for animation art.With the development of economy and technology,we should rebuild animation art with Chinese characteristics.Amalgamation of traditional culture and animation art not only memory and carry forward the traditional culture,but also will elevate the animation art with ethical brilliance to new heights.


The two hundredth anniversaries of the British and U.S. abolition acts have coincided with a surge of new scholarship on the trans-Atlantic slave trade. This essay surveys recent work and considers the benefits and limitations of approaching the slave trade through several common frameworks: the Atlantic, Great Britain, and Western Africa. Historians of the Atlantic—including the editors of the newly revised Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database—emphasize the complexity of trade networks and their far-reaching ramifications, but they have differed sharply on which subjects to emphasize and how to conceptualize the system as a whole. Historians of the slave trade and Great Britain have focused largely on issues of politics and morality and only to a lesser extent on the economic consequences of the slave trade and colonial slavery. Historians of Africa have been more concerned with issues of demography and political economy, viewing the slave trade in terms of long-term dynamics of underdevelopment, capitalism, and colonialism, including the rise of slavery within Africa in the nineteenth century and the advent of European colonialism. A number of recent back-to-Africa travelogues offer a chance to reflect on these divergent perspectives and the limits of the narrative of abolition.


This research investigates Further Education (FE) governance and governors' role(s) in college improvement and related issues. Empirical data is derived from semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis of governors' meeting minutes. A total of 14 Standards committee (SC) governors and 6 principals from 6 FE colleges in the Midlands region of England agreed to be interviewed. Data from these individual interviews were supplemented by an analysis of SC governors' meeting minutes from each of the 6 colleges in order to obtain rich data on the role of governors in college improvement. Findings suggest that 'good' governors with a good skill base can contribute to college improvement through their monitoring and challenging role; their role in appointing the principal and senior management; setting the strategic direction of the college and by acting as a 'critical friend' to the principal. It emerged from this study that governors are a group of individuals with different family, educational and professional backgrounds who are seeking a new identity and they need help in their 'identity transformation'. This study, therefore, suggests the need for an induction and training programme for new governors, which includes 'coaching and mentoring' so that governors are continually supported in their 'governorship' journey.


Aims This paper is a report of a study of health-related quality of life and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in patients attending an Accident and Emergency department because of psychosocial crises. Background Psychosocial crises are commonplace globally, but there is little knowledge about patients attending Accident and Emergency departments because of psychosocial crises. Methods Data were collected at an Accident and Emergency department in Norway from September 2008 to June 2009. A total of 99 adults participated in the baseline study and 41 of these participated at 2 months follow-up. The Short Form-36 Health Survey and the Post Traumatic Symptom Scale were used to obtain data. Findings Participants reported significantly lower scores in all health-related quality of life domains at baseline compared with the general Norwegian population. The mental health score was two standard deviations below the norm. Health-related quality of life scores were improved and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms were reduced after 2 months. High levels of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms were reported by 78% of the participants at baseline and 59% at follow-up. Participants with high levels of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms at follow-up also reported low health-related quality of life scores. Conclusion This study suggests a need for an acute psychosocial intervention and an opportunity to receive follow-up support at Accident and Emergency departments.


An excellent organization demands agility and versatility, associated with change, innovation and coupled with robustness and resilience, implying stability, sustainable advantage and capabilities that may evolve over time. In the past decade, most companies adopted restructuring and re-engineering in response to environment challenges and demands, but nowadays the old approaches and solutions have lost their competency to deal with the organizational challenges and they are better to get replaced with new methods. The best and newest way of survival and success of the organizations is focusing on their organizational agility. The organizational agility is a wisely and complete response to the rapidly changing requirements in competitive markets and succeeding by the opportunities the organization gets.


This document is a lab report for the British Columbia Institute of Technology (BCIT) course ELEX 7660 detailing the steps taken to design, build and test a single phase variable frequency drive (VFD) using an Altera Cyclone IV DE0 Nano Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The lab took place over a period of five weeks, and was completed by a team of two 3 rd year electrical engineering students. The results of the lab were positive, with the VFD meeting most of the required specifications being successfully built, and both students gaining valuable insight into the design process.


In this article is described the actual problem of the experiment of educational and professional interests of the first year of studying students, their intensions and plans for future, with confidence in their future profession. The author insists that there no worked out ways of the sense of the self-determination psychologists and Future teachers for secondary education, the forming of their professional competence. Making psychological and pedagogical analysis of the literature must be noticed that educational and professional interests of the first year of studying students will help to understand the motto of their entering the educational establishment, determine «narrow places" in vocational guidance and in professional selection of the future psychologists and teachers; will help to see the perspectives of such work; do necessary things for their preparation. With the help of this experiment is established that the positive and emotional attitude of the psychologist's profession is not added by the real peculiarities and difficult problems, with which the practical psychologist connects every day. The interest and readiness to work with the people are not always added by the real experience of a such kind of work. In most cases is marked potency not as real activity. The most of the students connect their future profession with their own problems, but it can't be a strong motto in attitude to the psychologist's profession. As to such problems are developed some recommendations which can be used in the process of education in higher school. It is very important that at schools appear the optional lessons of pedagogic and psychology. At such lessons the pupils would have opportunities to learn practice in communication with people and connection between the establishments of higher and secondary schools.


The researches of Lin Shu in 2010 were very rich both in content and results.The researches on him have gone global,extending from the limited exploration of his translations to the directions of culture perspectives,and diversified integration,and are becoming more and more popular with all the countries and the scholars.


A semiconductor structure comprising: a substrate; graphene layer on the substrate; a source electrode on the graphene layer and the drain electrode, the source electrode and the drain electrode are separated a predetermined dimension; said graphite a nitride layer on the graphene layer, which is positioned between the source electrode and the drain electrode; and a gate electrode on the nitride layer, wherein the nitride layer for a gate electrode, the gate dielectric .


Recently, Carasso introduced an unconditionally A-stable finite-difference marching procedure which is second order correct in time and space and which applies to the time dependent coefficient case. Implementation of the procedure is straightforward in one space dimension, but the multi-dimensional case is difficult. We develop two iterative techniques which can use fast Poisson solvers to implement Carasso's procedure in the n-dimensional case and which have convergence rates that are independent of mesh size. We also develop a similar iterative technique for the well-known pure implicit procedure, and its convergence is likewise independent of mesh size.


The article examines the culture from various scientific grounds and approaches, shows its inextricable link with education, religion, morality, politics, law.


Introduction: In the marking of objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), checklist scoring and global rating are two commonly used scoring systems. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine correlations between checklist scores and global ratings for four OSCE stations of different station type. Method: Data for this study was obtained from the Final Year OSCE (n=185).  Each station's score sheet consisted of a detailed checklist of items examined.  A global rating scale was also included for the examiner to indicate the global assessment for the station.  Spearman's rho correlation coefficients between checklist scores and global ratings were computed for four stations of different station type.  For each station, correlations between checklist scores and global ratings were also checked across the three parallel circuits running concurrently and throughout the four rounds. Result: Spearman's rho correlation coefficients (ρ) between checklist scores and global ratings for the four stations ranged between 0.62 to 0.88, at p<0.01.  Correlation for communication skills station was the highest while correlation for procedural skills station was the lowest.  For all stations, ρ ranged between 0.50 to 0.92, at p<0.01 across the circuits and between 0.57 to 0.89, at p<0.01 throughout the rounds. Conclusion: Checklist scores and global ratings correlated well for the station as a whole, as well as across the circuits and also throughout the rounds.  Although findings of the study showed both checklist and global rating scale could be used as assessment tools in OSCE, it is suggested that for procedural skills station, checklist is preferred.


Recent high resolution (p, t) experiments have established the existence of a large number of low-lying excited 0+ levels in several deformed nuclei [1,2]. In order to account for such a large abundance and to gain a deep understanding of the properties of these states, we have adopted the quasiparticle-phonon model (QPM) using an interaction of general separable form [3,4]. We have computed the E0 and E2 transition strengths to probe the quadrupole collectivity, as well as the two-nucleon transfer spectroscopic factors. These latter quantities are directly extracted from the experiments and represent a unique probe for pairing correlations. The QPM analysis of the E2 and E0 transitions has lead to the conclusion that quadrupole collectivity is weak in all 0+ states of all nuclei. Almost all 0+ are one-phonon states built out of pairing correlated configurations. These, however, add coherently only in one 0+. Such a pairing collective state is the only one predicted to be strongly populated in (p, t) two-nucleon transfer reactions, in agreement with experiments. Experimentally, in fact, the (p, t) reaction populates mostly only one out of the many 0+ levels. 168Er represents an exception. In this nucleus, in fact, the (p, t) strength is almost evenly distributed among weakly excited states. Such a fragmentation is a pure anharmonic effect due to the mixing between different phonon configurations. The analysis of the QPM wave functions suggests that these 0+ arise from pairing vibrations associated to fluctuations of the pairing field in the ground state. The QPM has been adopted also for investigating the structure of the huge number of 2+ states detected in 168Er [5]. The calculation not only accounts for all the observed levels but reproduces well the magnitude and distribution of the (p, d) strength collected by these states. The results obtained has encouraged us to carry out a systematic study of the 0+ states throughout the whole rare earth region in parallel with experimental investigations. This analysis is in progress.


The reaction of HB(NCH2PPh2)2C6H4-1,2 with [MCl2(PPh3)3] (M = Ru, Os) affords the six-coordinate σ-borane complexes [MCl2(PPh3){σ-BH-κ2-P,P′-HB(NCH2PPh2)2-C6H4}], in which the B–H bond remains intact while coordinated to the metal center. Replacement of the unique phosphine by π-acceptor ligands, e.g., CO and CNC6H2Me3, induces B–H activation followed by spontaneous dehydrochlorination with the formation of the boryl pincer complexes [RuCl(CA)2{B(NCH2PPh2)2C6H4}] (A = O, NC6H2Me3-2,4,6).


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tools needed to improve the environmental and social sustainability of the clinical pathways that they encounter in their studies and practice. It is simple, easy to teach, and is fully integrated with established QI methodologies, enabling learners to meet required learning outcomes for QI. As explored in our article published in this journal earlier in the year (Spooner et al. 2022), integrating sustainability into quality improvement, has been shown to provide an effective way for students to learn, and then directly apply, theoretical knowledge around sustainability into practical examples relevant to their environment, and has been utilised successfully by several Universities. Increasingly, SusQI is also being utilised to deliver the sustainable improvements that NHS must achieve to meet its Net Zero commitments. Importantly, it is not just a way of meeting new sustainability curricular requirements within an existing framework, it is also an effective way of empowering students and health workers to take action on climate, and to support them in achieving the changes that as citizens, they can see need to be made.


The results reported in (2010 Class. Quantum Grav. 27 025002) are special cases of a general treatment of canonical variables for dilaton gravity models published in (2009 Class. Quantum Grav. 26 035018).


Meiosis Activating Sterols (MAS), especially FF-MAS from human follicular fluid and T-MAS from bull testis. are the substances which are recently found to induce oocyte resumption from meiotic arrest. MAS is likely an important physiological substance which involves in the progress of germ cell maturation mediated by gonadotropins. Hased on our research, the present article summarizes the progress of MAS on assisted reproduction including the MAS synthesis and distribution, effect on oocyte and sperm cell matutation, as well as the utilization in applied reproduction.


Almost all current therapeutic approaches to inhibit destructive immune responses in autoimmunity are based on antigen non-specific agents, such as cyclosporine A, which systemically suppress the function of virtually all immune effector cells. This indiscriminate immunosuppression, however, often causes serious and sometimes life-threatening sideeffects. Indeed, long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs leads to nephrotoxicity and metabolic disorders, as well as manifestations of hyperimmunosuppression such as opportunistic infections and cancer. It is evident, that treatment would be greatly improved by targeting the fundamental cause of pathogenic immune responses in autoimmunity, i.e. loss of tolerance to self-antigens. For this, manipulation of the immune system in autoimmune diseases should ideally arise in specific tolerance for the self-antigens that stimulate chronic activation of the immune system resulting in long term remissions. New – more antigen-specific and targeted therapies are intensively being investigated for the treatment of human diseases (Sabatos-Peyton et al., 2010; Dazzi et al., 2007; Miller et al., 2007). In this context, a variety of cellular therapies have been designed to elicit or amplify immune responses. These cell-based activation immunotherapies have proven to be effective for cancer and infectious diseases. Although still in its infancy, the use of well specified and functionally characterized cellular products as treatment modality for autoimmune disorders and in transplantation tolerance is gaining interest. Indeed, experiences with hematopoietic stem cells and cell types with regulatory properties support the concept of resetting immune tolerance and have made cell-based therapies for autoimmune diseases a realistic alternative. At this point however, it is not yet clear which cell type among a broad arsenal of different tolerogenic entities is best with regard to safety, efficacy and related costs. This review will explore the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying T cell tolerance and will focus on emerging cell-based therapies pertaining to reduce, suppress or redirect existing immune responses to self-antigens in human diseases.


The raw steroidal saponin,which was obtained from the powder of the selected rhizoma pardis,has been separated and purified by using AB8 macroporous resin with the help of near infrared(NIR) spectrometer.Based on the discriminant variable of the NIR spectra measured,the four stages were determined in the whole separating process.The eluant samples collected in every stage were colured and hydrolyzed,which were analyzed with UV and HPLC methods,respectively.It has been shown that all the steroidal saponin of rhizoma pardis after removing impurity can be separated partly as several active component groups by the elution with 70% ethyl hydroxide.


Pension fund assets have been accumulated rapidly during the past decades, and it is evident that this trend will continue. An immediate problem arising from the rapid accumulation of such a large volume of assets across countries is how to invest them. Pension funds differ from other institutional investors, e.g. mutual funds, in that their investment horizons are relatively long, typically 30-40 years. In addition, they are pooled assets to support people's retirement lives. The authorities have a policy concern about their investment performance, because otherwise, the shortfalls will have to be met by the nation state (Clark and Hu 2005a). In this paper, we seek to address this issue from the macro perspective. By using a unique dataset covering 39 countries (17 EMEs and 22 OECD) and based on the classic mean-variance optimisation approach, first we find a negative impact of international portfolio investment restrictions on pension fund returns and risk, and this issue is particularly serious for EMEs. Following a shift from the QAR to the PPR, the average risk is expected to fall by 27% for EMEs pension funds, while the figure is 10% for OECD pension funds. Second, there is evidence that if higher portfolio returns are wanted, higher proportion should be invested in equities and foreign assets. Third, our results show that pension funds should value the diversification benefit arising from property investment (Booth 2002).


TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS T2DM has increased in prevalence in the United States, mostly as a result of an increased rate of obesity. Obesity, therefore, is the main cause of T2DM, resulting in decreased insulin sensitivity (e.g., increased insulin resistance), because the insulin receptors do not recognize insulin. This causes a decrease in uptake of glucose into the cells, leading to hyperglycemia (high blood glucose concentrations), one of the symptoms of T2DM. T2DM can lead to cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, blindness, and nerve damage. Finding ways to help people more easily and more inexpensively manage this disease would greatly benefit those individuals.


OF THESIS NITROGEN A V AILABLITY EFFECTS ON EXOTIC, INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES The invasion of ecosystems by exotic plant species is a serious concern for land managers and conservationists. One of the most universally recognized exacerbating factors of exotic species invasions is disturbance. Human alterations to the global nitrogen cycle have increased atmospheric nitrogen deposition to terrestrial ecosystems worldwide, a disturbance that may encourage the growth of exotic invasive species that are uniquely capable of growing quickly when excess nitrogen is available. I undertook three experiments, one field and two greenhouse, to test the hypothesis that exotic invasive species are specifically adapted to take advantage of high nitrogen conditions, and outcompete natives as nitrogen availability increases, and that native species are better adapted to low nitrogen conditions and outcompete exotics when this nutrient is low. The field experiment examined the response of a disturbed short grass steppe community dominated by exotics to the addition of humus precursors and a labile carbon source intended to reduce plant available nitrogen. I was hypothesized that decreasing nitrogen availability would disadvantage the dominant exotic species and provide and advantage for the native species, returning the community to a vegetative structure more characteristic of undisturbed sites. Results of the experiment showed that decreasing nitrogen availability had no effect on native or exotic species density, richness, or basal cover.


The invention provides a preparation method for iron protoxalate; in the method, oxalic acid and/or oxalate water solution carries out contact reaction together with ferrous salt water solution to obtain suspending liquid containing iron protoxalate; wherein, the contact reaction of the oxalic acid and/or the oxalate water solution and the ferrous salt water solution is carried out under the condition of supergravity rotation; the supergravity condition includes that relative centrifugal force is 1.01-3000 times gravity acceleration and compressed gas with the pressure being 2-10MPa is pumped in during the contact reaction. The average grain diameter of the iron protoxalate grain obtained by adopting the method is below 4 microns, and the grain has uniform size and good dispersivity.


Discovery of self-organized epitaxial quantum dots (QDs) resulted in multiple breakthroughs in the field of physics of zero-dimensional heterostructures and allowed the advancement of optoelectronic devices, most remarkably, lasers. The most advanced and well-understood results are obtained for lasers based on Stranski–Krastanow InGaAs–GaAs three-dimensional QDs; even significant progress in the understanding of basic lasing properties is also achieved for QDs made of II–VI materials and 'native' QDs formed by nanoscale alloy phase separation in the InGaN–AlGaN material system.


The DegP protein, functioning as both chaperone and protease, plays a critical role in degrading and removing denatured ordamaged proteins in the cellular envelope during heat shock and other stresses. So far, several proteins have been identified as itsnatural targets. A carboxyle-terminal peptide derived from the PapG pilus, one of the in vivo substrates for DegP, has been shown toactivate the protease. Nevertheless, neither the details nor the physiological implications of such activation have been studied. Theevidence that DegP undergoes conformational changes upon binding the peptide derived from C-terminal sequence of pilus subunitPapG has been presented. It demonstrated that upon binding this peptide, detectable changes can be observed for both secondary andtertiary structures of DegP, as examined by CD spectroscopy. Gel filtration and dynamic light scattering analysis also revealed that thesize of DegP becomes smaller to a minor extent. Moreover, both the hydrophobic surfaces and catalytic sites of DegP were found toexpose slightly in the presence of the peptide. Upon peptide binding, a less flexible and more rigid conformation of DegP was obtainedas analyzed by fluorescence anisotropy. The physiological implications of these observations for DegP are discussed.


Despite the variety of graph coloring models discussed in published papers of a theoretical nature, the classical model remains one of the most significant and widely applied in practice. The NP-hardness of the coloring problem gives rise to the necessity of using suboptimal methods in a wide range of practical applications. Moreover, the large range of problems solved by classical coloring, as well as the variety of graph families with practical significance in this field aids the evolution and development of new suboptimal algorithms. There exist several relatively simple methods, which are regarded as classical due to their date of creation or scope of practical application. As the implementation of a particular algorithmic solution requires the selection of at least one coloring method, it is essential to formulate criteria for the assessment of the suitability of coloring algorithms. Speed of operation, measured through computational complexity, is obviously one of the most important features which are taken into consideration when selecting a graph coloring approach. For suboptimal methods, the algorithm's performance guarantee is another characteristic feature, describing how accurate, or more precisely how inaccurate the obtained results may be. The analysis of the smallest hard to color graphs is yet another criterium, which in a certain sense complements the performance guarantee.


Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) are often used for analyzing cluster correlated data, including longitudinal data and repeated measurements. Full unrestricted maximum likelihood (ML) approaches for inference on both fixed‐and random‐effects parameters in GLMMs have been extensively studied in the literature. However, parameter orderings or constraints may occur naturally in practice, and in such cases, the efficiency of a statistical method is improved by incorporating the parameter constraints into the ML estimation and hypothesis testing. In this paper, inference for GLMMs under linear inequality constraints is considered. The asymptotic properties of the constrained ML estimators and constrained likelihood ratio tests for GLMMs have been studied. Simulations investigated the empirical properties of the constrained ML estimators, compared to their unrestricted counterparts. An application to a recent survey on Canadian youth smoking patterns is also presented. As these survey data exhibit natural parameter orderings, a constrained GLMM has been considered for data analysis. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 40: 243–258; 2012 © 2012 Crown in the right of Canada


The purpose of this study was to explore the conditions that how local psychologists established alliance, detected the variations and ruptures of alliance, and repaired alliance ruptures in the counseling and psychotherapeutic process. Further, researcher took a cross-cultural comparison between this research outcome and Western literature. This study invited 5 internal counseling psychologists and 5 internal clinical psychologists. The research method took semi-structured interview to collect psychologists' experiences in helping practical work. This study adopted categorical-content mode of narrative analysis to arrange and analyze the data. The results and findings were as follows: (1)Alliance was the foundation of counseling and psychotherapy. (2)There were individual differences in the establishment of alliance. (3)Alliance was dynamic, not constant. (4)Alliance ruptures were inevitable. (5)Although Solution-Focused Brief Counseling had less alliance ruptures, it still had some potential risks. (6)Alliance ruptures must be repaired through appropriate strategies. (7)The ability to repair alliance ruptures would promote according to the accumulation of practical experiences. (8)Alliance ruptures were tests to counseling and psychotherapy, but also might bring new turning points. (9)The findings of this study corresponded to foreign conditions approximately, but still had some differences. In local counseling and psychotherapeutic process, except for withdrawal ruptures and confrontation ruptures, there was still another type: overly ingratiation and praise. This might be relevant to the differences between Chinese and Western cultures. According to above-mentioned results and findings, this study proposed relevant suggestions: (1)Psychologists must regard the establishment of alliance as the first task in the initial stage and notice the variation of alliance continuously. (2)Psychologists must prepare for alliance ruptures and learn to confront and accept alliance ruptures. (3)Psychologists must respect individual differences and take the most appropriate way and pace. (4)Psychologists must keep self-examination and self-awareness and learn to take care of themselves. (5)In the professional training of beginners, it must strengthen the training of the concept of alliance and the relevant abilities.


Objective: To investigate chemical composition of oil from Myrica rubra kernel.Methods:The oil from the Myrica rubra kernel was defatted in a Soxhlet apparatus,and the physical and chemic value of the oil was analyzed by GC/MS.Results:Eleven kinds of fatty acids had been detected by GC-MS analysis,with main acids being linoleic acid(40.86%)and the total content of the unsaturated fatty acids was about 80%.Conclusion:The oil extracted from the Myrica rubra kernel has high nutritional value,and it is healthy oil.


Study of mutational signatures in cancers can reveal the history of mutagenic processes that cells were exposed to prior and during tumourigenesis. Although recent work has identified 65 distinct single nucleotide substitution signatures, we expect that as-yet-undiscovered mutational processes will be able to shed further light on mutagenesis leading to carcinogenesis. For this reason we analyzed mutational signatures in whole-exome sequencing data of 36 Asian oral squamous cell carcinomas. The mutational spectra of most of the carcinomas could be explained by known mutational signatures, but one sample showed a novel mutational signature. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that this mutational signature was characterized by a preponderance of thymine mutations, strong transcriptional strand bias, and a striking enrichment for adenines in the 4 base pairs 5′ of mutation sites. The enrichment was strongest 3 base pairs 5′ of mutated thymines, where 93.5% of bases were adenines. We also observed deletions of single thymines inside and outside of thymine repeats with similar 5′ enrichment for adenines. Examination of publicly available whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing data of 23,829 tumours revealed this signature in 23 tumours from sites including the bile-duct, bladder, pancreas and rectum. Although the aetiology of this mutational signature remains unknown, the transcriptional strand bias suggests adduct formation on adenines. We speculate that the signature may have been caused by duocarmycins, naturally occurring large DNA-crosslinking molecules, which were also used in the past in clinical trials. We call this novel mutational signature SBS_AnT.


INTRODUCTION
Although some smokers switch to exclusive use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), others become dual users of combustible cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Little is known about how the onset of vaping affects the use of and dependence on combustible cigarettes or total nicotine use and dependence, which may influence health-related and cessation outcomes. Using self-report data of current combustible and e-cigarette use and retrospective recall of pre-vaping smoking in a sample of dual users, the aims of this study were: 1) to compare pre- and post-vaping number of cigarettes per day and combustible cigarette dependence; 2) to compare pre- and post-vaping total nicotine use frequency (number of vaping sessions and cigarettes smoked per day), and total nicotine dependence; and 3) to examine predictors of nicotine dependence.

METHODS
We used baseline data from a smoking cessation trial with 2896 dual users. Nicotine use frequency and the Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI) were used as measures of nicotine use and dependence, respectively.

RESULTS
Participants decreased cigarettes/day from pre- (M=19.24, SD=9.01) to post-vaping (M=11.15, SD=8.02, p<.0001) and combustible cigarette dependence declined from pre- (M=3.55, SD=1.51) to post-vaping (M=2.11, SD=1.60, p<.0001). Total daily nicotine use frequency increased after initiating vaping (M=19.25, SD=9.01 vs. M=29.46, SD=8.61; p<.0001), as did total nicotine dependence (M=3.55, SD=1.51 vs. M=4.68, SD=1.38; p<.0001). Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that variables associated with greater overall nicotine dependence included: younger age, lower education, more years smoking, higher pre-vaping nicotine dependence, using e-cigarettes more days/month, more puffs/vaping session, higher e-liquid nicotine concentration, and longer vaping history.

CONCLUSIONS
Dual use leads to a reduction in the number of combustible cigarettes, but total nicotine use and dependence increases.

IMPLICATIONS
In dual users, a reduction in smoking following onset of vaping may offer some harm reduction via reduction in cigarette intake. However, the increase in total nicotine use and dependence could affect the ability to quit either or both products.


The United Nations has been committed to promoting Women, Peace and Security for almost 20 years. But how has this agenda been implemented around the world? Toni Haastrup looks at Women, Peace and Security across Africa and finds important strides for gender equality but also significant challenges ahead.


While a number of key signalling pathways (e.g. mTOR signalling) and biological processes (e.g. telomere attrition) affecting lifespan have been identified [1,2], other theories have argued that aging results mainly from accumulated molecular damage [1]. Most likely, aging is determined by a complex cross-talk between multiple biological effects. Molecular damage itself can take many forms, including somatic DNA mutations and copy-number changes. The advent of novel biotechnologies, allowing routine genome-wide quantitative measurement of epigenetic marks, specially DNA methylation, have recently demonstrated that age-associated changes in DNA methylation, a phenomenon now known as "epigenetic drift", may play an equally important role in contributing to the aging phenotype [3,4]. Indeed, like telomere attrition, epigenetic drift has been associated with stem cell dysfunction [5], disease risk factors and common age-related diseases, such as cancer and Alzheimer's [3]. Apart from extensive experimental work supporting a role for DNA methylation in aging, computational network biology approaches have recently shed further light into the potential role of epigenetic drift. For instance, one study has shown that drift appears to target WNT signalling, a key pathway in stem-cell differentiation and already known to be deregulated with age [3]. A more recent study mapped epigenetic drift occurring in gene promoters onto a human protein interactome and observed that most of the changes happen at genes which occupy peripheral network positions, i.e. those of relatively low connectivity [6]. Although developmental transcription factors make up a significant proportion of "drift genes", the observed topological effect was not entirely driven by this enrichment. Crucially, the topological properties of genes undergoing epigenetic drift were highly distinctive from those which have been associated with modulating longevity, those undergoing age-related changes in expression, or those somatically mutated in age-related diseases like cancer (Figure (Figure1).1). Moreover, essential housekeeping genes, many of which occupy highly central positions in the interactome, appear protected from epigenetic drift. Although the overall functional significance of epigenetic drift remains to be established, a few instances of epigenetic drift causing silencing of key transcription factors have already been reported [5]. Thus, it is plausible that epigenetic drift may gradually affect differentiation programs through functional deregulation of key lineage determining transcription factors, leading to well-known observations such as myeloid skewing of the aged hematopoietic system [5]. Epigenetic drift affecting key transcription factors may further increase predisposition to age-related diseases like cancer, by locking stem cells into states of self-renewal, and causing tissues to exhibit an increased cellular plasticity and diversity, a likely prerequisite for neoplastic formation [3]. The distinctive network topology of epigenetic drift is striking for another reason. A number of recent studies have observed that epigenetic drift kicks in straight after birth and appears to be particularly prominent during pre-puberty [3,7]. Thus, in stark contrast to age-related gene expression and cancer related mutational changes, which affect mainly genes of relatively high connectivity and which have been inferred from adult populations, epigenetic drift occurs throughout life. It is therefore plausible that if functional changes caused by epigenetic drift, occurring prior to and during reproductive age, were to affect essential, highly connected genes in the network that these would be weeded out by natural selection. If true, this could explain the enrichment of epigenetic drift at peripheral network positions and is reminiscent of the observation made by Goh et al that most non-essential heritable disease genes occupy peripheral network positions, since the associated heritable mutations are less likely to compromise viability [8]. In conclusion, given that a number of other studies have also indicated that the epigenome is particularly sensitive to environmental factors (e.g. nutrient deprivation) during early life, it could well be that epigenetic drift plays a key role, not only in determining the biological age of an individual, but also in evolution.

Figure 1

Epigenetic drift occurs throughout life, including pediatric populations and pre-puberty, targeting genes which occupy peripheral positions in the human interactome. Interactions have been suppressed and connectivity is approximated by the radial distance ...


The key technologies of identifying covert channel in source code,including data-flow analysis,alias analysis and information-flow-security analysis were discussed.By summarizing and optimizing various technologies,an improved approach composed of architecture analysis,alias analysis,information-flow analysis and security identification was presented.A prototype of the approach was implemented using abstract syntax tree and control flow graph which are generated by GCC.The experimental results show that the efficiency and precision of covert-channel identification are improved.


The processes of nucleation, growth and phase formation during electrodeposition from molten salts have been studied. Theoretical methods for the determination of nucleation and growth parameters, particularly exchange current densities at the melt/new phase cluster interface, are considered.


In field experiments sprays of chlorpyrifos and fenchlorphos were compared with standard recommendations for control of five pasture pests. Field experiments were done on Halotydeus destructor (Tucker) in New South Wales and Victoria in 1970, Sminthurus viridis (L.) in South Australia in 1970, Aphodius tasmaniae Hope in South Australia in 1970 and 1971 and Oncopera rufobrunnea Tindale and O. alboguttata Tindale in New South Wales in 1970. Against H. destructor, chlorphyrifos at 35 g ha-1 in one experiment, and at 70 g ha-1 in another, was as effective as the standard phosmet treatment. Fenchlorphos at 210 g ha-1 reduced H. destructor in both experiments less effectively than phosmet. Chlorpyrifos at 17.5 g ha-1 controlled S. viridis as effectively as phosmet. A. tasmaniae larvae were controlled by chlorpyrifos at 420 g ha-1 as effectively as the standard lindane treatment. Fenchlorphos at 630 g ha-1 did not reduce A. tasmaniae larvae numbers below that of the control. Chlorpyrifos at 21 0 g ha-1 and fenchlorphos at 140 g ha-1 controlled O. rufobrunnea and O. alboguttata larvae as effectively as the standard chlorfenvinphos treatment.


Word alignment for long distance language pairs is problematic in state-of-the-art phrasebased statistical machine translation. Linguistically motivated reordering models have been widely studied to conquer this challenge. One of the most popular and effective methods is called pre-reordering, where words in sentences from the source language are re-arranged with the objective to resemble the word order of the target language. There are mainly two ways to formulate re-arranging rules. One is to learn automatically from the data (Xia and McCord, 2004; Genzel, 2010); while another one is to handcraft reordering rules based on linguistic studies (Isozaki et al., 2010; Han et al., 2012; Han et al., 2013). In both methods, syntactic information are obtained by using automatic parsers. However, although these parsers produce parsing errors, current reordering methods do not include any parsing error identification or correction mechanism. In order to improve the robustness of pre-reordering method, it is useful to explore the relationship between parsing and reordering. In this work, we use both empirical and descriptive approaches to analyze the effects of parsing errors on pre-reordering performance for Chinese-to-Japanese statistical machine translation. We examine the impact of parsing errors that are produced by a dependency parser called Corbit1 (Hatori et al., 2011), on a pre-reordering framework called unlabeled dependency parsing


A small but growing number of papers have shown that landscape metrics can be useful for performance prediction, usually on classic unconstrained problems. In this paper, we consider the Curriculum-Based Course Timetabling problem, a heavily constrained problem known to have very neutral landscapes, and extract over 100 instance and landscape features to construct prediction models. An Iterated Local Search is used to sample the landscape, and the performance of both Simulated Annealing and a Hybrid Local Search algorithm are predicted using linear regression. Using as few as 4 features obtained via feature selection, our simple models are able to accurately predict the final fitness for either approach with an R-squared of approximately 0.95.


. Extending our recent work for the semilinear elliptic equation on Lipschitz domains, we study a general second-order Dirichlet problem Lu − F ( x,u ) = 0 in Ω. We improve our previous results by studying more gen- eral nonlinear terms F ( x,u ) with polynomial (and in some cases exponential) growth in the variable u . We also study the case of nonnegative solutions.


We present a combinatorial characterization of the Bethe entropy function of a factor graph, such a characterization being in contrast to the original, analytical, definition of this function. We achieve this combinatorial characterization by counting valid configurations in finite graph covers of the factor graph. Analogously, we give a combinatorial characterization of the Bethe partition function, whose original definition was also of an analytical nature. As we point out, our approach has similarities to the replica method, but also stark differences. The above findings are a natural backdrop for introducing a decoder for graph-based codes that we will call symbolwise graph-cover decoding, a decoder that extends our earlier work on blockwise graph-cover decoding. Both graph-cover decoders are theoretical tools that help toward a better understanding of message-passing iterative decoding, namely blockwise graph-cover decoding links max-product (min-sum) algorithm decoding with linear programming decoding, and symbolwise graph-cover decoding links sum-product algorithm decoding with Bethe free energy function minimization at temperature one. In contrast to the Gibbs entropy function, which is a concave function, the Bethe entropy function is in general not concave everywhere. In particular, we show that every code picked from an ensemble of regular low-density parity-check codes with minimum Hamming distance growing (with high probability) linearly with the block length has a Bethe entropy function that is convex in certain regions of its domain.


And moreover, thisjournal serving the physician for a map of the various uniformity of the operations of nature, and these even by his own survey drawn from the life, the serious and frequent view thereof (by giving him more solid, full and bright ideas of diseases and their cures) only begets that so much talked of (but rarely found) experimental knowledge, which in proportion to its solidity will surefy direct the steady steering of his course in after practice. And that the solid experience in medicine (though after never so much practice) can noways so fully and exactly be produced as by such an exact historiography, is altogether clear from the multiplicity, complexity, inveiglement, and variety medical cases are always circumstanced with.'2 Thanks to the penetration of an excellent philosopher of this age, it has been discovered that the living body is nothing but a machine. Men have applied their minds to discover its springs. In this Harvey and Pecquet have been successful.... Their example has animated all anatomists. They found they had made small progress in the knowledge of this machine. They were persuaded that they needed but to search to make discoveries. In effect the Bartolins, the Whartons, the Stenos, the Willises, the Lowers, the de Graafs etc. and above all the Malpighis have searched very deep into the structure of the living body. The discoveries which they have made do give us an idea of an animal altogether different from what the ancients had of it.14 the secretion through the renal glands, or by causing a diarrhoea through the glands of the liver, of the pancreas, or the intestine. Next we observe, that there are no secreting vessels, and no glands in our bodies serving for secretion, which cannot be increased to such a bulk, as to be able to receive and separate every fluid, even that which is naturally apt to be secreted in other glands. For we have noticed that in jaundice the gross liquor which is naturally secreted in the glands of the liver, is then secreted in the cuticular ones, and that the too great influx of saliva through its [proper] glands is stopped by causing the patient to sweat, and drawing off the salivary liquor by the cuticular glands; we see that a diarrhoea is stopped by turning the fluid into the passages of transpiration opened by sudorifics, and that a spitting cures a looseness....40


This paper deals with a perception system for intelligent robots. Recently, subsumption architectures, behavior-based artificial intelligence, and behavior engineering for robotic systems have been discussed as new technologies for intelligent robotic systems. We also have proposed robotic systems with structured intelligence. This paper discusses a sensory network as a perception mechanism for a mobile robot. Simulation results show that the mobile robot can reach a target point without colliding with obstacles. Furthermore, we apply the sensory network to the fuzzy controller for a real mobile robot and show an experimental result of collision avoidance behaviors.


: With the acceleration of the depletion of international energy resources and the increasing deterioration of the environment, renewable development has grown to become a typical understanding of the idealistic strategy for human long - term development. In recent years, green building has been the hot test key word in building industry. As urban building progresses rapidly, urgent demand has been placed on green building. Over the past few years, green buildings have become a component that is very important to achieve greater durability through much more use that will be effective from natural sources. As a general result of helping develop green building basic concepts, several countries have set up their green building councils and guidelines.Therefore, the present study is to be carried out in terms of the assessment of green buildings and the common materials used in it. First, the essence of green building is defined Some developing countries need to create a platform for more effective use of green building guidelines. Therefore, these developing countries certainly need to create a use platform to speed up the use of these green building guidelines. Environmental issues, including climate change, fresh water supply and global warming, have recently become an issue that is certainly essential. Nevertheless, it remains for humanity to damage nature and waste natural resources. Considerable amounts of water use and energy consumption worldwide are a consequence of buildings and in addition a large component of human life time is actually invested in buildings. All of these reasons lead to the world of green buildings that are environmentally friendly, comfortable, sustainable, energy - efficient and low consumption structures. Developed countries have complete knowledge of green building and sustainability concepts, as well as working with this awareness for over two decades. They founded various environmental assessment systems. The essence of green building is to serve people, stressing sustainable building development. In addition, the nature, development and difference in building energy saving and smart building. Modern green buildings have the virtues of conserving energy and protecting the environment.They tend to be contemporary building's growth. The current work presents green building characteristics.


In order to set up a queuing theory model and propose an improved method of capacity calculation, the existing equipment of loading station, railway line situation and technological processes were analyzed, then each operation time was determined in this paper. And queuing system of Nanping Station was taken for example. Based on the system structure and operations of the loading station analysis, a survey of the event flows of the arrivals and services in subsystems to derive the queue parameters of queuing subsystem was made. At last, the system capacity of the loading station was calculated out.


The theoretical approach the paper is based on is cognitive lexical semantics and its view that a word's conventional meaning is a just a prompt for the process of meaning construction.

The paper looks at the problem of deciding on the right interpretation of semantic relations found within nominal compounds in the process of translation. It focuses on nominal compounds that are problematic for reason of their lack of syntactic and semantic clues, i.e. their semantic ambiguity. The added difficulty is that the extra-linguistic information that could help solve the problem is not always available.

The corpus is composed of various documents considered as typical examples of the so called institutional language, which is rich in pre-packaged concepts often expressed by nominal compounds.
While the analysis does not strive to offer a set of rules for disambiguation of nominal compounds, the author hopes that by pointing to examples of underspecified syntactic or semantic representations students of translation may be cautioned about such obstacles in their own translation.


Racing for the City: The Recognition Heuristic and Compensatory Alternatives Katja Mehlhorn (email@example.com) Dept. of Artificial Intelligence and Dept. of Psychology, University of Groningen, the Netherlands Julian N. Marewski (email@example.com) Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany, and MIT Sloan School of Management, Cambridge, MA Abstract evaluate alternatives by using knowledge about their attributes as cues. The common idea behind such compensatory models is that an alternative's value on one cue can be traded off against its value on another cue. A large amount of evidence has been gathered for as well as against both positions - for support of the recognition heuristic see for example: Gigerenzer, Hoffrage, and Goldstein, 2008; Pachur, 2010; and Volz, et al., 2006; for challenges of the heuristic see for example: Beaman, Smith, Frosch, and McCloy, 2010; Dougherty, Franco-Watkins, amd Thomas, 2008; and Oppenheimer, 2003. However, non-compensatory and compensatory decision strategies themselves are broad categories that subsume a number of different models. For instance, compensatory strategies propose that knowledge about the alternatives is used in some way; however they do not agree on how this is done. Constraint satisfaction models, for example, assume that all available information is integrated at once, in a parallel, automatic fashion (Glockner & Betsch, 2008). Evidence accumulation models, in contrast, assume that evidence for the alternatives is accumulated sequentially until a decision boundary is reached (e.g., Lee & Cummins, 2004). In testing different decision strategies against each other, research has encountered various problems. First, theories are often specified at varying levels of detail, making it difficult to directly compare them. Second, many theories have been formulated at a verbal qualitative level and are therefore underspecified relative to the empirical data against which they are tested. Consider the city size example again. Based on different theories, one might generate predictions about decision times; the time participants need to decide which of the two cities is larger. Figure 1 illustrates the paradigm that is typically used to assess these times. Presented with the names of two alternatives (like the cities York and Stockport), the participant is asked to infer which of the two has a larger value on a criterion (e.g., which of the two cities is larger). All information the person wants to use for this decision has to be retrieved from memory. Using this paradigm for testing different strategies, one could for example assume that decision time increases with the amount of knowledge that is used in the decision making process (Broder & Gaissmaier, 2007). However, participants' decision times will not only depend on the decision strategy itself, but also on other factors, like the time it takes to read the names of the cities, to retrieve information from memory, and to enter a response. Consequently, the contribution of the decision strategies themselves might be drowned out by these In the last decade a debate in the decision making literature has centered on the question whether decisions can be better described by simple non-compensatory heuristics or by more complex compensatory strategies. We argue that this debate should be led at a higher level of precision Theories about decision strategies are implemented at different levels of description and they often only make verbal, qualitative predictions. This makes it difficult to compare between them and to test them against quantitative process data. A way to make theories comparable and improve the precision of their predictions is to model them within one computational framework. Using the example of the recognition heuristic, we show how simplifying dichotomies such as the one between non-compensatory and compensatory decision strategies can dissolve when using detailed quantitative models. Keywords: recognition heuristic, compensatory strategies, cognitive model, ACT-R Introduction Imagine you are asked which of two cities is larger, York or Stockport. You do not know the correct answer but remember that you recently read an article about York in the newspaper. You recall that it had some mentionable industry, but no international airport and also no premier league soccer team. Of the city of Stockport you have never heard before. Which city will you answer to be the larger one? To respond, you could employ the recognition heuristic (Goldstein & Gigerenzer, 2002). According to it, if you recognize one of the alternatives, but not the other, you may infer the recognized one to be larger. Your answer would be York. As an alternative to the recognition heuristic, you may rely on a strategy that uses your knowledge about the city's attributes as cues. Following corresponding compensatory models of decision-making, (e.g., unit-weight linear strategy), you might conclude that the absence of an airport and a premier league soccer team speak against York being a large city. Consequently, you might infer Stockport to be larger. The example illustrates a debate that has received much attention in the decision-making literature (for an overview see Marewski, Pohl, & Vitouch, 2010). Are decisions better to be described by simple non-compensatory heuristics, or by complex compensatory decision strategies? The recognition heuristic is a non-compensatory model for memory-based decisions: Even if further knowledge beyond recognizing an alternative is retrieved, this knowledge is ignored when the heuristic is used. In contrast to this assumption, many other decision models posit that people


Applying Wall tapping and roof sounding for coal blasting mining, excavation face to determine whether the status of roadway roof separation occurs. Firstly through beating the different parts of rock layers and record the received voice signal, which do the DTW feature extraction of the voice signal. Secondly based on the model database of constructed roof separated layer, determining the state of the roof combining with BP neural network recognition algorithm, after the extraction of DTW feature and the sequence data generated. Finally simulation and experiments show that identification method based on DTW, determining the state of the roof characteristic. Whether the roof separation of roadway occurs, to avoid the misjudgment problems of lack of experience in practical works.


Through safety assessment on various possible unsafe factors existing in commissioning of flare gas recycling of natural gas treatment and production enterprise through many safety assessment methods including analysis and screening,the result shows that rational application of multiple safety assessment methods into the one newly- built project could enhance the efficiency and reliability of safety assessment.


This work is an attempt to analyze some of the conditions and activities that surround improvisation. I will argue that the process of improvisation and even the attempt at improvisation can offer the curriculum scholar an important pedagogical model. Importantly, this model will offer no direct solutions which might improve one's pedagogical stance. Instead, these models are best interpreted as a provocation, or an invitation to think of a better relationship, for example, of teacher and student. I interrogate jazz improvisation, theatrical improvisation, and popular culture. I also examine a version of performativity that could provide a degree of agency to those who wish to challenge the status quo or the taken for granted. INDEX WORDS: improvisation, performativity, theatre games, jazz, education, curriculum


In this fast pace of life it is difficult for people to be constantly available for their near ones who might need them while they are suffering from any disease or physical disorder. So also constant monitoring of the patients body parameters such as temperature, pulse rate, sugar level etc. becomes difficult. Also in intensive care units it is necessary to monitor continuously the patient's health parameters and keep their record. But there is a possibility of human errors. Hence to remove human errors and to lessen excessive burden of continuously monitoring patient's health from doctor's head, we are proposing patient monitoring system using GSM. A patient monitoring system which provides continuous monitoring of a patient includes a data acquisition & processing module which receives physiological data from the patient and GSM module to transmit acquired data to doctor's mobile. This unit may be inserted in a bedside display unit to display the physiological condition of the patient. Patient monitoring systems measure physiological characteristics either continuously or at regular intervals over time.


We investigate the existence of $\frac18$-BPS black hole microstates in Type IIB string theory on $\mathrm{AdS}_5 \times \mathrm{S}^5$. As will be explained, these states are in one-to-one correspondence with the Schur operators comprising the chiral algebra of $\mathcal{N}=4$ super-Yang-Mills, and a conjecture of Beem et al. implies that the Schur sector only contains graviton operators and hence $\frac18$-BPS black holes do not exist. We scrutinize this conjecture from multiple angles. Concerning the macroscopic counting, we rigorously prove that the flavored Schur index cannot exhibit black hole entropy growth, and provide numerical evidence that the flavored MacDonald index also does not exhibit such growth. Next, we go beyond counting to examine the algebraic structure, beginning by presenting evidence for the well-definedness of the super-$\mathcal{W}$ algebra of Beem et al., then using modular differential equations to argue for an upper bound on the lightest non-graviton operator if existent, and finally performing a systematic construction of cohomologies to recover only gravitons. Along the way, we clarify key aspects of the 4d/2d correspondence using the formalism of the holomorphic topological twist.


The article discusses ways to increase the performance of a carding machine during the processing of cotton fiber, depending on the increase in the speed modes of the main combing organs (receiving drum and main drums), in order to improve the quality of carding surfaces, increase the area of the combing. Tables are given about the intervals that are installed on the technological equipment of the carding machine. In particular, two combing segments were used, and three combing segments and a waste cleaning device were used for the final softening of the products in the central aspiration zone of the cards. The segments installed on the machine are made by Rieter.


The absorption spectrum for OH was obtained in the 115–183 nm region. The OH radicals were produced by a pulse discharge of trace H2O in few Torr of Ar. Absorption cross sections were obtained by calibration with absorption of the OH (A 2Σ+←X 2Π) transition. The features in the absorption spectrum are correlated with the excited states 1 2Σ−, D 2Σ−, 1 2Δ, B 2Σ+ and possibly others calculated by van Dishoeck, Langhoff, and Dalgarno. The measured cross sections are comparable with the calculated values.


Gi-Fi means gigabit wireless. The Gi-Fi is the world's first transceiver integrated on a single chip that operates at 60GHz on the CMOS process. It allows wireless transfer of video and audio data up to 5GB/ second , at one-tenth the cost, 10 times the current maximum wireless transfer rate. It transfer data within an indoor environment usually within a range of 10ms. NICTA researchers have chosen to develop this technology in the 57-64GHz unlicensed frequency band as the millimeterwave range of the spectrum makes possible high component on-chip integration as well as allowing for the integration of very small high gain arrays. The 7GHz of spectrum results in a very high data rates, up to 5 gigabits per second to users within an indoor environment, usually within a range of 10 meters. The gi-fi satisfies the standards of IEEE 802.15.3C


To understand why the general situation of young Hispanic Americans is critical it is necessary to consider some demographic characteristics of the Hispanic population and examine the need for reform in their educational experiences. The impact of some current initiatives in the Mid-Atlantic region are discussed, and some alternative reforms are suggested. Hispanics are the youngest and fastest growing segment of the U.S. population and in the Mid-Atlantic region in particular. A number of factors contribute to low academic achievement among Hispanic-American youth, and a high dropout rate is a further indication that Hispanics are not faring well in school. Limited English proficiency is only one aspect of the situation, which is compounded by a number of social factors. A survey of education reforms in the Mid-Atlantic region suggests that many reforms have been fashioned as if the nation were homogeneously white and middle class. A look at proposed alternative reforms indicates that these may also ignore the special needs of at-risk students. Fine tuning reform efforts will be necessary if the needs of Hispanic-American youth are to be met. Three tables summarize reform efforts. (Contains 21 references.) (SLD) *************************************************A********************* Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** THE EDUCATION REFORM MOVEMENT: IMPACT ON HISPANIC YOUTH IN THE MID-ATLANTIC REGION Rafael Valdivieso Hispanic Policy Development Project Washington, DC U.5 DEPARTMENT Of EDUCATION °dice Educaudnat ReestcA and impfctionent EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER IERICI 1<rhfs eocument has been ,eofoduced es *Calved from the perSOn Or (Ablfh lialfon Oro:PAWN ft CI Minot chanpeS have been made to 0%0001 reproductfon ousIfty Poants of view Of odoOAS fn this PDC tr. men' do not heceSSanty represent 0111c141 OERI Dosa,00 or poucT "PERMISSION To REPRODUCE THIS MAT R/AL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


Mom stop commenting on my Instagram – you are ruining my image

This qualitative study aims to increase the understanding of how individuals construct their identity through social media. An identity is constructed in interaction with other people. With the development of social media new platforms constantly emerge where individuals can communicate with others and express their identities. Previous research mainly focuses on Facebook and the issues regarding individuals' online identities. The aim of this study is to contribute to the existing field of research through investigating Facebook and Instagram in the same con-text and through research regarding Snapchat – a newer social media platform. This aim is achieved by examining individuals' perceptions of their communication on these platforms and how this relates to their identities offline. The empirical data consists of four focus groups with 16 participants between the ages of 22-27. Through our analysis we are able to distinguish two main results of when individuals' communicate on Facebook, Instagram and Snapchat at the same time. Primarily, it is made clear that individuals use strategic communication tools in order to convey the best version of themselves to the receiver of the message. Further, we argue that individuals tend to escape to more private social media platforms like Snapchat, as the pressure of constant performance is too great on Facebook and Instagram. Finally, the human need of expressing numerous sides of their identity is distinguished as the reason of Snapchat's existence as the back-stage region of social media.


In this paper, we investigate the performance of a micro-wind turbine in a complex through the power output prediction. The purpose is to show that due to long time period and very subtle onsite measurements the ideal position for the wind turbine can be determined considering experimental data under real conditions. More precisely, from well measured data (wind speed), the power output at one particular location can be approximated by the Weibull function. The considered model is tested and validated at an urban landscape location in Metz city, France, where anemometry is positioned at adjacent to the turbine and the instrumentation is specific to its surrounding location including record wind turbine data thanks to real time wireless communications. Technical data including wind speed and output power were analyzed and reported allowing to provide a reliable estimation of the wind energy potential in an urban location upon five years experimental data.


Objective To discuss the change and significance of heart rate variability(HRV) before and after transcatheter closure in patients with atrial septal defect(ASD).Methods 24h record of Holter was taken at 1d before and 4d after transcatheter closure.HRV was automatically analyzed by computer and then corrected by professional electrocardiogram technician.Results RR interval,SDNN,SDANN increased significantly after transcatheter closure compared to before transcatheter closure(P(0.01)).In the group B of occluder diameter larger than 70 % of the longest diameter of ASD,RR interval,SDNN,SDANN increased more significantly than group A after transcatheter closure.Conclusion It indicates that RR interval,SDNN and SDANN significantly increase after transcather closure.ASD transcatheter closure can result in HRV improvement.


There is no doubt that networks are becoming increasingly heterogeneous and future internetworks will likely interconnect different types of networks including wired, infrastructure-based wireless as well as infrastructure-less wireless networks, a.k.a., multi-hop mobile ad-hoc networks (or MANETs). Integrating MANETs to infrastructure-based networks (wired or wireless) allows network coverage to be extended to regions where infrastructure deployment is sparse or nonexistent as well as a way to cope with intermittent connectivity. However, to date there are no comprehensive solutions that integrate MANETs to infrastructure-based networks. In this paper, we introduce a message delivery framework, MeDeHa++ that is able to bridge together infrastructure-based and infrastructure-less networks. Through extensive simulations, we demonstrate the benefits of MeDeHa++, especially in terms of the extended coverage it provides as well as its ability to cope with arbitrarily long-lived connectivity disruptions. Another important contribution of this work is to deploy and evaluate our message delivery framework on a real network testbed as well as conduct experiments in "hybrid" scenarios running partly on simulation and partly on real nodes.


Background: India has a high prevalence of anemia in pregnant females, resulting greater risk of blood transfusion and its associated complications during the peripartum period. Administration of intravenous iron sucrose may reduce such a risk. Due to a greater prevalence in western arid region of India, this study was planned to compare efficacy and safety of intravenous iron sucrose and oral ferrous ascorbate in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia of pregnancy in a community health center of rural Jodhpur.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in Community Health Center of Jodhpur to review the heamoglobin values of pregnant females in 28 to 37 weeks of gestation, treated with either intravenous iron sucrose or oral iron ascorbate. Cohorts were matched based on parity and age, and the hemoglobin values after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of start of therapy were compared using independent t-test.  Results: Of the 152 pregnant females' records included in the study, 82 were provided intravenous therapy and 70 were given oral iron therapy. Both the modes of administration showed marked increase in heamoglobin values, with statistically more significant rise through parenteral route at each point of measurement. Overall change in mean heamoglobin was 2.43 g/dl through iv route and 0.61 g/dl through oral route (p<0.001). Adverse events following therapy were reported by 9 females from intravenous group and 31 women from oral group.Conclusions: The study provided evidence that parenterally administered iron sucrose elevated hemoglobin and restored iron stores better than oral ferrous ascorbate with lesser adverse reactions.


The chemical structure of an organic molecule has a direct influence on its three-dimensional conformation. One way to obtain information on this conformation is to use ion mobility spectrometry. This technique allows the separation of different isomers according to their collision cross section (CCS) with an inert gas. Smaller or more compact molecules will have lower collision cross section values than larger molecules. The CCS is an intrinsic ion parameter for a specific gas and is thus predictable. Today, calculations of rigid molecules are commonly performed to obtain additional structural information on an ion. However, calculations are more complex with very flexible molecules. In particular, molecules presenting long alkyl chains can yield a high number of conformers. Each conformer is then associated with a CCS value that is specific to it. We report, here, a methodology to predict CCS of flexible molecules. The used approach is based on automatic conformers research followed by geometry optimization and CCS calculations. Determination of theoretical and experimental CCS values for a rigid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) standard was used to calibrate the Mobcal software. Then, 13 standard molecules ranging from 4 to 19 carbon alkyl chains, including three long alkyl chain isomers of C22H38, were analyzed on a TWIMS-ToF and calculated using our methodology. CCS deviations between experimental and theoretical values were found to be less than 1.5% over the whole studied CCS range. This method was finally applied for structural analysis of petroleum compounds refractory to the hydro-denitrogenation process.


One of the important functions of higher education is to train applied talents for their own region.Social economy develops relatively slow and students' theoretical quality is relatively low in ethnic minority regions.According to these features,economic management talents in ethnic minority regions local colleges should be trained as applied talents.The paper explores the applied talents cultivation model from various aspects such as teaching model,teaching contents,course structure, teaching faculty and teaching results test.


Based on any two orthogonal matrixes with the number of rows of one matrix equal to the number of columns of another matrix, a novel set of complementary sequences is proposed. The constructed complementary sequences with each sequence including a flock of element sequences have ideal auto-correlation and cross-correlation properties, where the correlation function of a complementary sequence is equal to the sum of correlation functions of its element sequences. Different from previous construction methods on the basis of orthogonal matrixes which limit the element sequence length and flock size, the presented method in this paper can obtain the element sequence length and flock size of any integer, which ensures a more flexible choice of sequence parameters for the systems employing complementary sequence sets.


Abstract : Snow greatly reduces the effectiveness of impact-fuzed projectiles. In order to obtain maximum effectiveness in a winter battlefield environment, design of new fuzes and evaluation of current equipment requires detailed knowledge of the snow penetration event. Fuze performance data under various impact conditions can be obtained by both direct and reverse ballistic test procedures. In the direct test the fuzed projectile is subjected to realistic launch accelerations, but the test presents problem in accurately locating the point of impact and requires telemetry to obtain data from onboard transducers. The reverse ballistic technique, where the target is fired into a stationary projectile, has the advantage of allowing instrumentation in the projectile to be directly wired to recording equipment. However, this technique is difficult to utilize with snow since this material cannot sustain the high acceleration loads involved. (Author)


Background: Waardenburg-Shah syndrome type 4 is an association of Waardenburg syndrome with Hirsch sprung disease. Three disease-causing genes have been identified so far: Endothelin receptor type B encoding the endothelia-B receptor, EDN3 encoding an endothelia receptor ligand and Sry-like HMG bOX10 (SOX10) encoding the SOX10 transcription factor. Case Report: This is a review of 2 cases with variable onset of presentation and extent of aganglionic segment. Intervention/Outcome: In case 1, primary pull-through, as definitive surgical correction was done as a single procedure, whereas in case 2, required ileostomy with a plan of definitive surgery later on. Message: Mutation studies are helpful in characterization of the syndrome and counseling to the family. Furthermore, prognosis depends on the length of the ganglionic segment.


Covid-19 is a pandemic disease. It has spread throughout the world. Kerala is a state in the southernmost part of India. Kerala state had started preparing for this new infectious disease as early as the end of January 2020. With the disease spreading further internationally and with increase in the number of persons coming to Kerala from foreign countries and other states of India, Kerala is now one of the most affected states. Kerala has registered the highest recovery rate of 27.17% as against a global rate of 22.2%; thus, successfully tackling the problem. This has bought to light some of the emerging trends of Covid-19 patients in Kerala and its impact. Migration is the main reason for increasing trend of Covid-19 patients in Kerala. The model of Kerala development highlights the remarkable achievements in the field of health and education, infant mortality, social and human development etc. The Covid-19 pandemic disease has highly affected each and every segment of the economy. The infections of the novel corona virus have adversely affected Kerala, as well as posing challenges to the state in the near future.


This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of ginger and nettle powders and their mixture in comparison with antibiotic growth promoter in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 4 replicates and 8 chicks per replicate in commercial broilers. The experimental treatments were:1) control (with no additive); 2) basal diet with 0.04% tetracycline antibiotic growth promoter (50% mixed in feed); 3, 4 and 5): basal diet with 1% ginger powder, 1% nettle powder and 1% of mixed ginger powder and nettle powder, respectively. The results showed that the highest weekly weight gain in the period of 21-35 days was related to the treatment group of 0.04% antibiotic growth promoter followed by the treatment group containing 1% nettle powder, which was statistically significant when compared with other dietary treatments (P< 0.05). In conjunction with the increased feed consumption in the period of 1-7 days of age, treatment groups with 1% ginger powder showed the highest value with statistically significant difference among other experimental groups (P< 0.05). In the sixth week of trial, treatment containing 1% ginger powder resulted in significant reduction in blood cholesterol levels compared to other experimental groups (P< 0.05). With regard to carcass characteristics, feed conversion ratio and other blood parameters no significant changes was noticed among all treatments in different week intervals (P>0.05). According to the archived results, ginger powder and nettle powder and their mixture can be considered as a relatively suitable alternative to antibiotic growth promoters for improvement of broiler performance.


Abstract The first ERS‐1 SAR image was acquired over the Waddensea on the 27th July 1991, ten days after launch. On basis of information on tidal situation and meteo information, a first appraisal has been made on the influence of wind and current actions on the radar backscatter signal over the shallow water surfaces. High tide occurred at time of acquisition over the eastern part of the image resulting in a uniform grey tone of the water surface. The outgoing tide was present at the western part where ebb currents influenced the variability in radar response in the tidal channels. The long ship wakes present off‐shore in the shipping lanes, indicate that surface currents are of little influence on the radar patterns visible. Wind action is low. Bottom configuration and water pollutants present may have influenced the surface capillary waves resulting in a complicated pattern in the radar backscatter. From this first image it is clear that the complicated interaction of bottom configuration, currents, wa...


An integration-type full-automatic oil separation lifting integrated device is disclosed by the invention, and comprises a miscellany separating tank, a sludge separating tank, an oil-water separating tank and a sewage lifting tank which are communicated with each other, and an equipment room, a operating room and the like; wherein the miscellany separating tank is connected with a waste-water inlet pipe, and a machinery grid, which can automatically reject a solid miscellany, is disposed at the water inlet in the miscellany separating tank; a sludge pump is disposed in the sludge separating tank for automatic discharging of sludge; and an automatic oil wiper, which is communicated with an oil collecting bucket, is disposed at the top end of the oil-water separating tank. The integration-type full-automatic oil separation lifting integrated device has advantages of being compact in structure, integrated in configuration, intelligent in operation and small in occupied space, and environment-friendly, healthy, energy-saving and intelligent, and has functions of efficient oil separating, automatic oil discharging, automatic miscellany removing, efficient sludge discharging, automatic sewage lifting and the like.