The present invention provides a method of forming a tapered hole 16 toward the outside in a fully assembled ink jet printhead 10. The main body portion 12 and cover plate 14 of the ink jet print head is mounted together so as to cover the ink carrying channels 22 axially extending through the cover plate, the main body portion. First and second light beam is generated which extends through the cover plate towards the outside to a back side (14a) from the front side (14b) of the cover plate taper to a flux of material used to form the cover plate 14 that the ink delivery channel 22 communicating with the hole is formed by irradiating the first and second light beams respectively to the first and second angles to the front side (14b) of the cover plate, so that the first and second light beam towards the outside to form a tapered hole (16).


Five teak trees in northem Thailand were selected for the study of vessels in terms of dendroclimatology. The tree rings were divided into earlywood and latewood, and fourparameters (average vessel area, average vessel diameter, average conductive area, and vessel density) were measured by automatie image analysis technique to obtain 50-year (1947-1996) time series. Two questions were addressed: 1) How strongly are the vessel characteristics related to climate and 2) are these relationships different from those of ring widths? All vessel parameters of the total ring and of the earlywood were negatively correlated with precipitation during the transitional period between the dry and the wet season. The latewood vessel parameters, however, are negatively correlated with J une temperature. The climatic signals of the vessel parameters and of the tree-ring width are different from each other.


Saliency detection as an active research direction in image understanding and analysis has been studied extensively. In this paper, to improve the accuracy of saliency detection, we propose an efficient unsupervised salient object detection method. The first step of our method is that we extract local low-level features of each superpixel after segmenting the image into different scale parts, which helps to locate the approximate locations of salient objects. Then, we use convolutional neural networks to extract high-level, semantically rich features as complementary features of each superpixel, and low-level features, as well as high-level features of each superpixel, are incorporated into a new feature vector to measure the distance between different superpixels. The last step is that we use a manifold space-ranking method to calculate the saliency of each superpixel. Extensive experiments over four challenging datasets indicate that the proposed method surpasses state-of-the-art methods and is closer to the ground truth.


According to random fuzzy probabilistic theory,randomfuzzy probability distribution of mechanical parameters of rock mass is discussed,analytical model of the degree of confidence of parameters is put forward and the degree of confidence of mechanical parameter selection is theoretically analyzed.The testing method for parameter reliability is given.The research shows that the method is more rational and more suitable for engineering practice.


The study investigated the influence of locus of control and job satisfaction on perceived nonteaching staffs` productivity in higher institutions in Ogun State of Nigeria. This is for the purpose of ascertaining the relative and combined contributions of locus of control and job satisfaction to perceived nonteaching staffs` productivity in higher institutions in Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. A total of 341 respondents were selected for the study, using proportionate stratified sampling technique. The instruments used for data collection are structured questionnaires titled "Locus of Control Scale (LCS), Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS) and Workers` Productivity Scales (PWPS). The hypotheses generated for the study were tested at 0.05 alpha levels using Regression Analysis and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Statistics. The findings of the study revealed that locus of control and job satisfaction were found to have jointly contributed to perceived nonteaching staffs` productivity in selected higher institutions in Ogun State of Nigeria. Also, job satisfaction was found to have significantly influenced perceived nonteaching staffs` productivity. Moreover, locus of control was not significantly related to perceived nonteaching staffs` productivity. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that nonteaching staffs` should be exposed to skill development programme on the job and on continuous basis in order to update their skills, knowledge, values, and receive proper orientation regarding the correlate of organizational productivity. This will enable them aware of the influence of the working environment on their productivity and aver the danger of attributing productivity to self efficacy and locus of control.


: This study aims to examine the implementation of the legislative functions of the Village Consultative Body (BPD) in the process of forming village regulations in Dasan Tapen Village, Gerung District, West Lombok Regency. Gerung, West Lombok Regency at present, and what are the obstacles faced by the BPD in implementing the legislative function in Dasan Tapen Village, Gerung District, West Lombok Regency? This research examines data and legal materials, both originating from primary data obtained from field observations and interviews as well as those derived from secondary data consisting of primary legal materials in the form of statutory regulations and other relevant regulations. From the results of this research, it can be concluded that Dasan Tapen Village, Geung District, West Lombok Regency, was carried out by the BPD and the Village Head through three stages, namely: First, the initiative or idea stage of forming Village Regulations; Second, the socio-political stage by holding discussion meetings aimed at perfecting the contents and materials of the Village Regulations; Third, in the juridical stage, the Village Head together with the BPD stipulate the Draft Village Regulations to become Village Regulations; Furthermore, the obstacles faced by the BPD in implementing the legislative function in Dasan Tapen Village, Geung District, and West Lombok Regency are: First, Internal Constraints (obstacles from within), namely low human resources. The low level of human resources (HR) in the field of law from BPD members; and Second, External Constraints (external constraints), namely external constraints that cause delays in the implementation of the legislative function by the BPD, including inadequate facilities, insufficient operational funds, and a lack of technical guidance from the Regional Government, especially in the field of legislation.


Whilst the case for mainstreaming human rights through development projects is clear in terms of improved transparency and accountability, the means by which it can be realized in practice appears less so. However, it is maintained that there are existing resources that can be utilized and adapted for the purpose without the need for developing complex new approaches, and that largely draw on existing data collections. This essay proposes practical methods for monitoring the MEDA development programmes and projects from an economic, social and cultural rights (ESCRs) perspective by combining the utilization of authoritative reports from international bodies with the innovative application of existing modalities, such as stakeholder analysis. In so doing, it seeks to demystify the notion that ESCRs are not capable of assessment or realization and therefore unable to ground claims for redress when violations occur. Ultimately, it maintains that only by fully understanding their normative content and how they impact upon both each other and civil and political rights can ESCRS move beyond being seen as desirable objectives to that of enforceable entitlements and be placed at the heart of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership.


occurrence of keratoacanthomatous proliferations in these cases may be analogous to the reports of keratoacanthomatous proliferations arising in other forms of lichenoid dermatitis such as verrucous lupus erythematosus or hypertrophic lichen planus, or in areas of trauma, in which the wound healing process is stereotypically associated with a lichenoid host response. It is possible that the lichenoid inflammatory milieu is conducive to the development KAs in certain predisposed individuals, and that increased immune system activation from PD1 inhibition may augment this response. Due to the large number of lesions, a nonsurgical approach, such as topical therapy, may be preferable for eruptive keratoacanthomatous proliferations. Treatment with other agents shown to have success with reactive KAs, such as oral retinoids, may also prove beneficial.


Diclofenac sodium ophthalmic inserts were prepared using methyl cellulose (MC), sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (SCMC) alone and with combination of the above two polymers. Medicated inserts were evaluated for their weight variation, thickness, drug content, ocular irritation and stability studies. Invitro study was carried out using a semipermeable dialysis membrane. The results revealed that 97% of the drug was released from the formulation containing 4% SCMC and 1% MC combination over a period of 12 hours. The release followed zero order kinetics. Medicated inserts were subjected to UV-irradiation and invivo drug release studies. No significant change in the drug content and physical features were observed during 30° and 40° storage for 2 months. From this study, it was concluded that ophthalmic inserts prepared with 4% SCMC and 1% MC combination showed sustained release and was found to be stable.


The polymers starch and chitosan can to result in biodegradable films from to reduce the plastic pollution. The addition of chitosan can to improve the properties the of starch films, already films used in the agriculture need of addition of the pigments form control the growth of the invasive plants. The aim of this work was to analyze the behavior of the mulch obtain of starch/chitosan films added of the inorganic pigments. The values of tensile strength at rupture changes not with the formulation, while films added with pigments were more flexibles. The addition of the chitosan reduced the solubility of films in twice in comparation films only of the starch. In contact with soil the films showed decrease in the properties, changes in the spectrum and micrographs, however the films no showed visible cracks by 45 days. The starch/chitosan films served as biodegradable mulch.


This study examined the implementation and results of designed conceptual, procedural, and metacognitive scaffolding delivered to an experimental group during the ERPsim Distribution Game. The goal of the scaffolds was to support student inquiry and team performance. The results of the study revealed that scaffolds designed for the ERPsim Distribution Game had a statistically significant effect on the experimental groups' simulation results. The teams that received the scaffolding had better overall simulation performance. The experimental groups' results revealed greater cumulative net incomes, net margin, and return on equity for all three quarters of the simulation. The results have implications for instructors who use the ERPsim games and for those who design and implement scaffolding in technology-enhanced learning environments (TELEs). The results of this study suggest that the scaffolding substantially increased the performance of the student teams and their understanding of the advanced ERP concepts and processes during the ERPsim. However, the study was based upon team performance. A more effective means of measuring student understanding of learning objectives and domain-specific knowledge should be explored. A planned future study that includes objective measures of individual student learning of ERP concepts will be presented and feedback from the audience will be requested.


In light of the rapid population growth, the rulers of independent India came to a conclusion that the masses should be made to accept a birth control without undertaking the task of remaking a derelict people. They also concluded that such a job of sterilizing people on a large scale be better handed over to the bureaucrats, who carried a long British heritage of imposing the will of the rulers on the hapless masses. Such forms of coercion of the people became a routine in the implementation of family planning in democratic India, amidst the commitment to upholding human rights of all the people. Masses of people of independent India became a target for sterilization of its own government. However, despite taking recourse to mass sterilization and use of more overt physical force to vasectomize more than nine million people during the Emergency period of 1975-76, the population of the country grew relentlessly.


A 74-year-old Caucasian woman was referred for the assessment of gradual hair loss and a receding hairline. She reported that she had noticed changes for about two years, and they were slowly progressing. Her only medical condition was hypertension, for which she took bisoprolol for some years. Her concerns were primarily of cosmetic nature and she felt well otherwise. Her only symptoms were occasional itching. She had not experienced any pain or hair loss elsewhere.


Having analysed the theoretical issues related to the accumulation of debt in the last chapter, in this chapter we analyse the profile of central government debt with special emphasis on domestic debt. The chapter has been divided into five sections. In section 3.1 various components of government debt, the measurement issues, structure and growth of debt are analysed. Three inter-linked issues, viz., the term structure of interest rates, the maturity pattern and the ownership of domestic debt are analysed in section 3.2. Section 3.3 compares the assets and liabilities position of the central government. In section 3.4 the intensity of debt burden on central government finance and its consequent impact on government budget are examined. The findings of the chapter are summed up in section 3.5.


The injury of anthracnose on peach seedling in the field was investigated,isolation,incubation,and biological characteristics observation of the pathogen were carried out to solve the serious occurrence problem of anthracnose on peach seedling,and provide basis for its prevention.The results showed that the pathogen was Colletotrichum gloeosporioides,which mainly infected one-year-old peach seedlings,and resulted damping-off or wilting.It broke out from April to July,reached peak in May,and with 10 days of latent period.Results of biological characteristics in lab indicated that the suitable temperature was 20~30℃,and humidity above 95% for the germination of the pathogen conidia.


Abstract The Burrell Lapilli was erupted in 1655 A.D. over the ESE sector of Mount Egmont. Contour maps of Mo values, and the percentages of lapilli grade sizes > 16 mm and 16–8 mm, show lobes to the NE, SE, and ESE. The SE and ESE lobes coincide with lapilli positions on the isopach map but the NE lobe is not reflected in the thickness contours. The lower part of the lapilli deposit was distributed by winds blowing SE, the middle part by stronger winds blowing ESE, and the upper part by winds blowing NE. With increasing distance elongation axes of lobes for the isornedian and isopach maps rotate northwards indicating that during the main phases of eruption low level winds were WNW, while higher level winds were S or SW.


This paper describes the control architecture, the main issues, and the features of the Teleoperationsystem TELOS, as well as the main future research areas. The TELOS Teleoperationsystem allows human supervisory of remote teleoperators even in a time delayed environment. The operation concept defines two main phases. The first phase is either an automatic or operator driven "preparation" phase. It includes off-line, model-based planning facilities as well as sensorsimulation tools to prepare telerobot activities in the fields of servicing or assembly. These facilities are developed and integrated for best operator support during telerobot activity preparation and for the prediction of sensor values, which are necessary to integrate control methods for the remote telerobot. The preparation phase integrates real-time simulation on 3D computer graphics for operatorbased telerobot programming and visual verification of the telerobot operation sequences. This leads to proved, robust operation sequences, too. The second main phase of the operation concept is the "execution" phase, with automatic robot action execution on a sensor-based telerobot, and if required, operator support during exception diagnosis and recovery. The semiautonomous telerobot execution is monitored by sensor conditions, which are parameterized and initialized during the preparation process.


Using the passive-source seismic data collected during November 2009 to March 2011 from a multidisciplinary transect in the mid-lower Yangtze metallogenic belt,we perfomed studies of receiver function imaging and others,and achieved seismic images of the crust and upper mantle structures in the study region with great clearance.First,the receiver function images show the Moho depth varies significantly along the profile in the study region,and a "mantle uplift" is seen just beneath the Yangtze metallogenic belt(to be more precisely,refers to the Nanjing-Wuhu ore district of the Yangtze metallogenic belt in all this paper).In the southeast section of the profile,the Moho topography is relatively stable with depths about 30 km beneath the northern margin of Yangtze craton;it is shown rugged up in the vicinity of the Jiangnan fault and the Maoshan fault;the Moho is shown uplift apparently to a depth of only about 28km beneath the centre part of the cross-section or the Nanjing-Wuhu ore district;it is seen deepened up to a depth of about 36 km below the Tan-Lu fault zone;the Moho depth is shown gradually restored to the average depth in the study region or about 32 km to further north beneath the southern margin of North China block.Secondly,we found the lower crust of the Yangtze metallogenic belt is different from that of its surrounding area in the structures from the receiver function results.The lower crust of the Yangtze metallogenic belt is seen apparently seismic azimuthal anisotropic.The lower crust of the northern margin of Yangtze craton is seen in a nearly layered structure of high velocity but lacks significant seismic anisotropy;Contrastly,the lower crust beneath the Yangtze metallogenic belt is,though in a sub-horizontal layered structure,seen to be of high velocity for seismic waves propagated approximately along the strike of the metallogenic belt,and to be of low velocity for waves propagated approximately normal to the strike,which implies that the lower crust of the metallogenic belt possess belt-parallel(or NE-SW) seismic anisotropy.We interprete this derived from melting,horizontal flow and mineral crystal orientation in the lower crust.Finally,we observed a converted structure extended from the shallow crust to the middle and lower crust on the western side of the TanLu fault in the southern margin of North China block,which dips to southeast and interpreted relevant to the crustal extension within the Hefei Basin.In addition,we found that the "mantle uplift structure" observed in the receiver function result corresponds well with a low velocity zone in the upper mantle at depths of about 150 km beneath the metallogenic belt on the teleseismic P wave tomogram(Jiang Guoming et al.,in another paper).We interpreted both of them to be a consequence of asthenosphere upwelling.Based on the images obtained from the receiver function studies and the teleseismic P wave tomography,as well as previous results on the magmatic rocks etc.,we suggest that the lower crust of the Yangtze metallogenic belt to be one site of the multilevel metallogenic magma system(Chang et al.,1991),and the formation of the metallogenic belt to be a result of MASH process.First,the upwelling asthenosphere led to an extensional environment in the the Yangtze metallogenic belt and its surrounding regions,and resulted in a series of extensional structures in the upper to middle crust;then,upwelling asthenospheric materials underplated into the lower crust of the Yangtze metallogenic belt,and occurred assimilation when mixed with the lower crustal material in situ,resulted in the formation of adakitic-like magma;Then adakitic-like magma rised up along the extensional and the decollemental structures in the shallow crust as intrusive bodies,and reacted with country rocks to form mineral deposits.


Forensic psychiatry occupies a special place among the forensic sciences. It has not always been recognized as a forensic science, and, even today, is not always integrated in forensic medicine centres in all countries. This may be because forensic psychiatry has not always demonstrated the rigour and robustness expected of a discipline that must be legally useful, and has thus faced criticism in the context of criminal trials. Psychiatry originated as a medical discipline in the 18th century from alienism, which was primarily forensic medicine practice. Through physicians' efforts to distinguish mentally ill people from delinquents within asylums, a branch of medicine called neuropsychiatry gradually emerged, followed by psychiatry. Forensic psychiatry has therefore existed for more than 200 years, but has long maintained an unclear identity that falls somewhere between psychiatry and forensic medicine. One reason for this ambiguity is the fact that forensic psychiatry has long combined, and often still combines, prison psychiatry. It is time to resolve this uncertainty, for both ethical and methodological reasons. From an ethical standpoint, prison psychiatry meets the classic criteria of medicine, as described by Beauchamp and Childress [1]; specifically, these include respect for patients' autonomy, benevolence, non-malfeasance and fairness in the allocation of resources. Forensic psychiatry has a different ethical stance, in that it primarily aims for "the greatest good for the greatest number". This is a consequentialist ethic, the central principle of which is impartiality [2]. Based on this clear ethical orientation, forensic psychiatry involves a methodology that is not one of individual care, but rather of service to the community. As such, forensic psychiatry must develop working methods and evaluation instruments that meet the rigorous standards of 21st century science. This special issue of Forensic Sciences Research represents the new willingness of forensic psychiatry to move in this direction and to be fully recognized within the forensic sciences. The psychiatric evaluation of sexual assault statements made by minors is a good example of the ethics of neutrality that must prevail in all forensic psychiatry work. The value placed on children's statements has varied greatly over time, ranging from total rejection, as in the Middle Ages, to total acceptance during the second half of the 20th century. The scientific analysis of such statements must extract itself from these a priori militants and focus on the search for objective credibility or non-credibility factors. Whilst computerized analysis of facial micro-expressions has made rapid progress, at present, the systematic study of the content of children's statements remains the surest means of distinguishing between true and false declarations. An article by Niveau [3], which begins this special issue, reports the possibility that sensory information given by children during their court hearing could help to improve the precision of credibility evaluations. The consequences of adverse childhood experiences represent an important area of forensic psychiatry. Whilst it has long been proposed that childhood trauma may be at the origin of multiple psychiatric and somatic illnesses during adulthood, recent research into epigenetic mechanisms has clarified the link between adverse childhood experiences and adult pathologies. In their systematic review, Neves et al. [4] examined studies on the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and DNA methylation. The authors found 19 studies that established a link between adverse childhood experiences and a predisposition to mental disturbances. From a scientific perspective, these results are of great importance for understanding the relationship between adult dyssocial behaviour and childhood traumatic experiences. In the years to come, epigenetics may be a factor to consider when assessing criminal responsibility. Radicalization is a phenomenon of great interest in forensic science, mainly because of the consequences of terrorist acts. In forensic psychiatry, questions that arise concern not only the evaluation and care of survivors of terrorist acts, but also the evaluation of radicalized individuals who must be judged in a court of law. General psychiatry is unprepared to confront this very unique phenomenon of radicalization. Garcet [5] has reported his direct experience with individuals in pre-trial detention who are suspected of terrorism. From these encounters, he developed a psychopathological model that provides a fuller understanding of the mechanisms of psychic functioning modification that are engaged during the radicalization process.


AbstractCorrugated shell structures are widely used in civil, naval, automotive, and aerospace engineering because of their superior properties. In this paper, the nonlinear dynamic deformation of a class of longitudinally corrugated shell with a second-order differentiable wave under a uniform load was investigated. On the basis of their previous research result—that the corrugated shell undergoes large deformation but small strains—the authors proposed an assumption that the dynamic configuration of the corrugated shell is the same as the static configuration with a different load. Then the governing equations of the dynamic deformation of the corrugated shell were derived using Lagrange's equation, and an efficient numerical method without element discretization to solve those nonlinear differential equations was formulated. The accuracy of the present simplification was proved by comparing it with results obtained from a widely used nonlinear finite-element program, and the assumption on the dynamic c...


The invention discloses an economical thermal-insulation flame-retardant thermal insulation glazed hollow bead mortar. The surface of a glazed hollow bead is coated with a molten dammar resin layer, and a macromolecular resin layer with enhancement and hydrophobic characteristics is formed, so that surface defects, which are generated by various reasons, of the glazed hollow bead are sealed, the glazed hollow bead is prevented from adsorbing and absorbing water, and thus the water absorption rate is reduced. Furthermore, a modified polypropylene fiber powder layer covers the glazed hollow bead, and then is covered with other effective accessory ingredients, so that the percentage of damage, which is caused by compression and collision during doping, of the glazed hollow bead is obviously reduced, the excellent performances of the glazed hollow bead are improved, the prepared thermal mortar is economical and environmentally friendly, and has a favorable thermal-insulation flame-retardant effect; and after the thermal mortar is used for plastering, phenomena such as hollowing, cracking, checking and falling are avoided.


Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and subsequent pulmonary embolism as an adverse effect of antipsychotic medications has come under attention. We report two cases of DVT associated with the use of antipsychotic agents. Deep venous thrombosis is partial or complete obstruction of leg veins by thrombus causing edema, distention, and pain in one leg. The most critical complication of DVT is pulmonary thromboembolism. Approximately 50% of untreated DVT is said to cause pulmonary thromboembolism, the direct mortality rate of which is 10%. 1 Annually, approximately 500 000– 600 000 cases of pulmonary thromboembolism occur in the USA. 1 In Japan, the cases are on the rise. 2


Using the data of manufacturing enterprises listed in the year from 2007 to 2008,this paper examines the relation between quality of internal audit and earnings management in China.Our results suggest that quality of internal audit is inversely related with the extent of earnings management.It provides new evidence that corporate governance affects financial reporting effectively.


Reports results of PIBIC CNPq/UFF funded research developed from August/2004 to July/2005, which aims to identify Web services offered by Brazilian university libraries. 209 web sites of university libraries from all regions were evaluated, chosen from the first seven universities of each region with greater number of Master and Phd programs, according to CAPES. The web sites of those libraries were visited and surveyed in order to identify which services were offered via Web. We concluded that Brazilian university libraries offer few of this kind of services.


The ontology is one of the best methods of defining the semantic model of the data combined with the associated domain knowledge. It can be used in formulating some data searching strategies. Ontologies can also define links between different types of semantic knowledge. However, ontology building is a time-consuming and complicated task that needs expert participation. Therefore, the automatic generation of ontology is a crucial topic among researchers. Furthermore, to take the maximum output of the semantic systems needs a dynamic update of not only the data but relationships accordingly. This paper proposes a method of automatic generation of the dynamic ontology using a relational database and expanding dynamically when a new concept is needed to add. As per the knowledge, this is the first approach to updating the ontology by dynamically using the updated relational schema. The proposed method shows higher accuracy in the evaluation when generating and updating all ontology components dynamically.


In 1985 Leland suggested an approach to price contingent claims under proportional transaction costs. Its main idea is to use the classical Black{Scholes formula with a suitably adjusted volatility for a periodical revision of the portfolio whose terminal value approximates the pay-o. Unfortunately, if the transaction costs rate does not depend on the number of revisions, the approximation error does not converge to zero as the frequency of revisions tends to innity. In the present paper, we suggest a modication of Leland's strategy ensuring that the


The competition between interface barrier in the Schottky–Mott limit and polarization driven mechanism is established during gradual formation of metal (Au) – ferroelectric (BaTiO3) interface. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy provides core level energies and valence band positions in the contact region, to monitor the band alignment from the very first stages of metal deposition on BaTiO3. The band bending at metal/ferroelectric (FE) interface is extracted from the shift of core levels (Ba 3d, Ti 2p) as a function of the metal thickness. It is shown that the interface band alignment mechanism involves a well‐defined polarization orientation washing out the bending expected from the work function difference. The sudden modification of the binding energies within ferroelectric at the first 2 Å Au indicates that the ferroelectric compensation mechanism triggered by the metal overlayer initiates already at ultrathin top layer, while subsequent growth contributes only at a gradual correction of the potential in the FE. The emerging picture is confirmed in first‐principle calculation indicating the preferences of Au to grow preferentially to different terminated regions and to stabilize distinct ferroelectric polarization.


Abstract In recent years, there have been dramatic changes in geographies of production, as the pace of industrial restructuring has accelerated and taken new forms. In response to this, human geographers have developed new conceptual and theoretical frameworks in order better to understand these changes. Different geographies of production have been identified with particular forms of organizing production. These are reviewed, some links between them are explored, and the issue of whether the changes of the 1980s herald the dawning of a new era of accumulation or the transformation of existing ones is considered.


(Leaf anatomy of Panicum L., section Parvifolia (Poaceae, Paniceae) in Venezuela) A characterization of the leaf anatomy using herbarium specimens from the south and center of Venezuela, was carried out on 10 species of Panicum section Parvifolia which are difficult to be distinguished using morphological characters: P. arctum, P.fonticola, P. granuliferum, P. micranthum, P. pandum, P. petrense, P. polycomum, P. pyrularium, P. rivale and P. yavitaense. Characters such as the number of cells of the extensions of the vascular sheath, translucent cells in contact with the parenchymatous sheath, and characteristics of silica bodies, proved useful for delimitating some species. Additionally, significant differences in epidermal microhair size were found between studied species.


There is a large role for moves by women at the time of marriage in explaining migration in developing countries, in particular in rural areas. We explore the relations between this mobility and risk diversification and consumption smoothing strategies among poor Mexican families.


The melting of aluminum scrap and dross provides many challenges to the secondary aluminum industry. Control of organic emissions and optimizing salt-flux use are two examples. Scrap raw materials contain organic components such as lacquer and oils. These generate emissions that may negatively affect productivity and the environment. This has limited the amount of organic components that can be allowed in the charge. The new Wastox, process uses controlled oxygen lancing and oxy-fuel burner management for combustion of emissions in the rotary furnace. Flue-gas composition is used for on-line process control. Use of the Wastox process has shown that the process allows the use of scrap with higher levels of organic contamination and that process economy and productivity is improved. By reducing or eliminating the amount of salt fluxes in the rotary furnace melting process, productivity, efficiency and environmental performance is improved. The new Universal Rotary Tiltable Furnace (URTF) is designed using the latest know-how from low-salt and salt-free melting of secondary aluminum.


The article is devoted to the consideration of the image of a frontiersman on the example of the nonresident peasantry of the Don. On the Don (Don Cossack Region), the formation of the social structure had one important feature: as a result of colonization, two separate categories of the population were formed – indigenous and nonresident, whose rights and status differed. The purpose of the study is to determine to what extent the factor of frontier influenced the formation and functioning of the social space and its communities in their development, focusing the research on a nonresident peasant. In the course of the work, the place and role of the nonresident peasantry in the development and burgeoning of the region are determined, behavioral models are characterized, which were largely conditioned by the traditions laid down during the of frontier period, relations with the indigenous population are considered. The result of the work was picturing of the image of the nonresident peasantry as a type of a "frontiersmen" who actively explore the external space in various aspects of social and industrial life. It is concluded that the frontier was a factor in the formation of a special way of social life; it influenced the formation and development of local communities and the choice of behavioral models. The research materials can be used in the study of micro-and macro-history of Russia; the article is intended for scientists and a broader reading public.


The characteristic of 10 kV feeder lines are emphatically analyzed.The main function of dividing load switch,the matching problems between this equipment and relay protection device,and some problems that should be noticed in operation and maintenance is focused on.Based on the characteristic of 10kV feeder lines,the adoption of dividing load switch in 10kV feed over-head transmission line is suggested,which can reduce the joint power cut accident of without fault line,shrink the outage time and area,and raise the reliability of power supply system.


The effect of Cu dissolution during pulse electrodeposition process on the generation of high density nanoscale twin structure was investigated. During off-time, the density of nuclei was reduced by acidity of electrolytes. The reduction in the density of nuclei could suppress the formation of nanocrystalline structure, which is commonly observed at pulse electrodeposition, and the twin structure was generated to reduce the accumulated strain energy during on-time in grains. We confirmed the effect of the dissolution of Cu on the twin generation by measuring the mechanical strength and electrical resistivity of Cu deposits obtained at different pH, with which, the dissolution rate of Cu was controlled.


Co-founders Anita Gale, Dick Edwards, and Rob Kolstad originated the International Space Settlement Design Competition to provide high school students with the opportunity to present space-related design proposals in a professional setting. The competition uses the standard business RFP (request for proposal) format for competitors to present their designs for future human settlements in space. The competition draws on professional volunteers, from aerospace engineers to business executives, who mentor the student teams through the design proposal process. Using mentors from such diverse fields introduces topics to the students that they are often unfamiliar with, such as ergonomics and human factors, functionality during construction, and budgeting of resources. By using this format, the students not only gain experience in design and engineering for extraterrestrial environments, they also gain experience in real world business proposals, time management, team work, budgeting and cost benefit analysis. This paper reviews the procedures of this international competition and presents guidelines for fostering this same type of educational program at the local level. International High School Space Settlement Design Competition: A Model for Secondary School Education in Space Research The future of research and design in space-related disciplines rests in the hands of today's high school students. Encouraging bright students to develop an interest in the fields of study needed to conduct space research is an important goal. Many organizations, such as NASA, provide considerable support to this goal. One independent program which has been very successful in motivating students to delve deeply into space research is the International High School Space Settlement Design Competition. The competition is an exercise of creativity, technical competence, management skills, environmental knowledge, teamwork, and presentation techniques. Each year the competition organizers develop a new design challenge, so that participating teams of students can experience working on an industry proposal team (Gale & Edwards, 2001). In this paper, we discuss the advantages of this competition and suggest how it may be used as a model to encourage high school students to consider careers in aerospace-related fields. After providing some background about similar education support programs, we will describe how the competition works and discuss the advantages of this model for inspiring high school age students. Finally, we will provide suggestions for introducing similar models into local secondary school programs.


From a two-level model for nonlinear Landau-Zener tunnelling between two energy bands of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a periodic potential we obtain unequal tunnelling rates for the two directions of tunnelling. With increasing nonlinearity, tunnelling from the ground state to the excited state is enhanced, whereas in the opposite direction it is suppressed. These findings are confirmed by numerical simulations of the condensate dynamics. Measuring the tunnelling rates for a condensate of rubidium atoms in an optical lattice, we have found experimental evidence for this asymmetry. We discuss the limitations of our approach and possible future experiments.


By means of the model based fuzzy control strategy, an active controller for vibration control of thin plate systems is designed. Firstly, the fuzzy modelling is carried out. Different from the conventional parameter identification methods, the parameter  l is identified using the recursive ARMAX approach with PEM. Then, an adaptive controller is synthesized by adjusting the elements of the coefficient matrix Θ(α) on line and objective function optimization. Experiments are carried out. The numerical simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness and robustness of the presented method.


In previous research it has been shown that a semantically familiar problem context can be detrimental to knowledge acquisition. The aim of this study was to test two competing explanations for this effect: goal adoption versus assumptions. Participants were asked to learn about the causal structure of a linear system presented on a computer through goal free exploration. Across four conditions the level of context familiarity was experimentally varied. Results lend no evidence for goal adoption as an explanation for poor knowledge acquisition under familiar conditions. Rather, it appears that a high number of a priori assumptions that tend not to be tested systematically are the main barrier to the acquisition of new knowledge. Implications for research in problem solving,
knowledge acquisition and the design of computer-based learning environments are discussed.


Fuel oil is an important derivative of crude oil used mainly in marine transport and power generation. The environmental impact of this important energy vector continues to be a major challenge due to its high sulphur and carbon content. In this work, we analyse the impact of sulphur cap and CO price on the inter‐competition between fuel oil and alternative low‐sulphur low‐carbon fuels. It was found that the increase in crude oil prices enhances the cost‐effectiveness of using middle distillates compared to using fuel oil with scrubbing systems. In addition, we found that imposing a CO price between $50–150/TonCO leads to reducing the emissions from fuel oil combustion by up to 87 per cent by 2040. In comparison with previous literature, we show that fuel oil will represent at least 56 per cent by 2030, under the low oil price scenario, if scrubbing systems are implemented in the shipping industry.


The miner lamp's intelligence monitoring system is the one of entire process dynamic management,which is based on the principles of miner lamp control and the present situation of colliery-s checking attendance system,integrates with the collection and management of information,meets the need of miner lamp management-s modernization,intelligence,informationization and safety.It realizes the process from its unloading,charging,filling and utilizing the lamp to its automated statistics,reporting and checking attendance,so the system supplies the quick,accurate and all-sided information basis to management and decision-makers.Firstly,the thesis introduces the research background and meaning of the system,then describes its constitution and functions respectively,and finally refers to its technical traits and the prospect of popularization and application.


Caloosia n.g. is erected to contain Hemicycliophora longicaudata Loos, 1948 (type) and C. paralongicaudata nom. nov., syn. H. longicaudata of Siddiqi, 1961. Hemicriconemoides strictathecatus Esser, 1960 has anteriorly-concave spear knobs and thus Hemicriconemoides together with Criconema and Criconemoides constitutes the Criconematinae. Paratylenchidae is not recognised as a family and Gracilacus Raski, 1962 is reduced to synonymy with Paratylenchus, a group in which the basal knobs of the spear are spheroid and slope backwards. Hemicycliophora and Caloosia are placed in Hemicycliophorinae Skarbilovich, 1959. The male of Iota squamosum Cobb, 1913 seems to belong to Hemicriconemoides, with H. mangiferae Siddiqi, 1961 and H. strictathecatus Esser, 1960 as synonyms. Criconema is probably a genus without males. Macroposthonia seems to be most closely related to Criconemoides. Fergusobia is removed from the Allantonematidae and is placed within the Fergusobidae n. fam. close to the Criconematidae.


Simple Summary It is not known if an energetically demanding process, such as egg laying, can affect corticosterone measured in turkey feathers and blood plasma, or if there are differences between feather types and genetic lines. The objective of this study was to compare hormone levels from feathers and plasma taken before and during egg laying. We found that the corticosterone in the feathers were higher during egg laying, but only for one genetic line. This genetic line produces more eggs and, so, the elevated corticosterone may reflect the higher metabolic investment in producing eggs. Increases in corticosterone levels were found in different feather types; however, the overall hormone level differed between feather types. Unlike the feathers, we found a decrease in plasma hormone measures between the two periods which might reflect the influence of gonadal development or suppression of acute hormone production during lay. From this study, we conclude that feathers can be used to detect increases in corticosterone during periods of high energy demand, but the genetic line needs to be considered, and the results may not correspond with plasma measures. This study also reinforces the requirement for consistent feather sampling when using corticosterone levels in feathers as non-invasive biomarkers. Abstract Phenological differences in energy demand (i.e., reproductive status) might influence the measurement of corticosterone. The objective of this study was to compare corticosterone concentrations in feathers (FCORT) and plasma (PCORT) for turkey hens before and during egg laying. Secondary feathers 1 and 3, and a plasma sample were collected from 50 hens at 30 weeks (before egg laying) from two purebred lines. The hens were reexamined during lay (45 weeks) to collect regrown feathers and plasma samples. Corticosterone concentrations were measured using an ELISA. Linear mixed models were used to assess the effect of genetic line (A vs. B) and period (pre-lay vs. lay) on FCORT and PCORT levels. An increase in FCORT during lay was detected for line B (p < 0.0001), but not line A (p = 0.3076). An increase in FCORT during lay was detectable in both feather types, but there was a difference between secondary 1 and 3 in FCORT concentration within each line studied. Conversely, PCORT decreased between the pre-lay and lay periods for both lines, although the decrease was more substantial for line A (p < 0.0001). Differences in metabolic investment in egg production between the two genetic lines may explain the different FCORT response during lay. The results from this study provide insight into how periods of high energy demand may influence corticosterone which should be considered when interpreting results.


Twenty patients comprising 10 with equinocavus and 2 with equinocavovarus deformities of foot were subjected to JAPAS' tarsal v-osteotomy operation. During a 3 to 4 year follow-up the results were excellent in 9 cases (75 per cent), good in 2 cases (16.7 per cent) and fair in one case (8.3 per cent) only. This procedure is the ideal one to correct unilateral forefoot or midfoot cavus deformities of moderate degree in adult patient.


【Objective】 To study the effect of medical sodium hyaluronate preoperative endothelial coverage, lesions after isolation method in preventing the adhesion after operation. 【Methods】 Select 540 patients who would carry on abdominal gynecology operation between January 2011 and January 2013. They would be half randomly divided into study group and control group, the patients in study group employed HA preoperative and postoperative joint prevention method, while the patients in control group employed nothing. 【Results】 The physical examination and B ultrasound examination of patients of study group were significantly better than the control group, and the blood routine examination on third day after operation of two groups had no obviously difference. 【Conclusion】 HA preoperative endothelial coverage, lesions after isolation is a reliable method for the prevention of adhesion in gynecology and obstetrics abdominal operation, it is worth to promote in clinical practice.


Achieving the ambitious targets set by Europe in its 2050 roadmap, moving away from fossil fuels towards renewable energy sources, while reducing carbon emissions, will require a radical change in Europe's energy system. Much of the action that will enable this energy transition to be realised in a democratic way is at the local level. It is at this level that many of the decisions regarding the energy transition desired by European citizens will have to be taken. The methodology used in this study is based on data collection, literature review, data validation and analysis. A part of this analysis will also be taken by the mPower project as a diagnostic baseline. The first finding of this research work is that energy transition data availability at the local level is quite low. Second, the local authorities are experiencing difficulties in decarbonising their energy consumption. Finally, the factor with highest positive relationships with other energy transition variables is the number of people employed in the field of energy transition. The results suggest that in order to lead a participatory energy transition, the workforce specifically dedicated to energy transition is a key factor, clearly differentiating it from staff working on the general energy field.


A novel two step procedure for the synthesis of hexagonal mesoporous silica has been developed. The first non-aqueous step involves the use of ethylene glycol both as solvent and chelating alkoxide. In this step a cetyltrimethylammonium glycosilicate(IV), CTA
 2
[Si
 2
(OCH
 2
CH
 2
)
 5
], building-block is synthesized under non-aqueous conditions by solubilizing SiO
 2
 with NaOH in ethylene glycol in the presence of CTACl. Alternatively, CTA
 2
[Si
 2
(OCH
 2
CH
 2
)
 5
] can be formed by reacting sodium glycosilicate(IV), Na
 2
[Si
 2
(OCH
 2
CH
 2
)
 5
], with CTACl under non-aqueous conditions in ethylene glycol. The glycosilicate(IV) is a structurally well defined dimeric anion based on trigonal-bipyramidal silicon(IV) containing two bidentate and one bridging monodentate glycolate ligand. In ethylene glycol the glycosilicate(IV) surfactant CTA
 2
[Si
 2
(OCH
 2
CH
 2
)
 5
] self-assembles into a lamellar mesophase containing bilayers of cationic CTA
 +
 that are charge-balanced by [Si
 2
(OCH
 2
CH
 2
)
 5
]
 2–
 counter-anions. In the second step of the preparation, controlled hydrolysis of the lamellar glycosilicate(IV) phase with water leads to a well ordered hexagonal mesoporous silica in which the extent of condensation-polymerization of the silica is insufficient to sustain the integrity of the structure when the CTA
 +
 cation is removed from the channels. Structure re-enforcement can however be achieved by various post-treatments of the vacuum dehydrated mesoporous silica that enable the creation of stable silica-based mesoporous materials with a wide range of elemental compositions. In this paper a post-treatment with Si
 2
H
 6
 at 100 °C was employed to produce extensively polymerized hexagonal mesoporous silica that is stable to removal of the surfactant. The method described in this paper is a novel approach to the synthesis of stable and structurally well defined mesoporous silica-based materials with a wide range of elemental compositions.


This study explores the variability of tropical cyclone (TC) intensification rates (IRs) in the postmonsoon Bay of Bengal (BoB) for the satellite period of 1980–2015. It is found that both number of rapid intensification (RI) events and magnitude of IRs show a robust increase, with a northeastward shift of intensification events. Analyses show that the temporal variability of sea surface temperature dominated the IR variability during 1980–1997. However, the thick barrier layer in the northern BoB was considerably responsible for IR variability during 1998–2015, which significantly contributed to the IR increase. Due to more intensification events occurring over the northeastern region in two recent decades, the thick barrier layer with strong salinity stratification in the northern BoB limits TC-induced sea surface cooling and in turn favors TC intensification. This study has an important implication that air–sea coupled climate model need to realistically simulate upper ocean salinity variability on projecting TC intensity change over the BoB.


It designs a CAPP system of the rotational parts for application status based on Solid Edge.This system may input and extract the parts information directly,and also retrieve the information of different engine bed and product craft step automatically and so on.It realizes the CAD/CAM integration.


Utilization of soy waste as a ruminant feed is low due to storage problems and transportation costs.An experiment was carried out with fifteen goats to assess the feeding value of Napier grass(Pennisetum purpureum) ensiled with or without soy waste. Grass ensiled without soy waste wastermed as NM silage, while grass ensiled 30% soy waste (w/w) was termed as NMS silage. In bothsilages, 1.0% molasses (w/w) were incorporated to enhance the fermentation process. After 2months of ensiling, three diets were formulated and assigned to one of three groups: (i) Napier grassad libitum plus 1% pellet of body weight (BW) on a dry matter (DM) basis (T1), (ii) NM silage adlibitum plus 1% soy waste of BW on a DM basis (T2), and (iii) NMS silage ad libitum (T3). TheNMS silage showed a lower pH (4.04 vs. 4.64) than NM silage. The NMS silage exhibited higherproportions of DM, organic matter (OM), and crude protein (CP) compared to NM silage. Animalsreceived T1 diet showed higher (p<0.05) DM, OM and neutral detergent fibre intake compared tothe animals received T2 and T3 diets. However, animals received T2 diet showed higher CP intakethan the animals received T1 and T3 diets. Similarly, animals received T2 diet showed higher(p<0.05) BW gain (49.4 vs. 16.5 g/d) than the goats fed T3 diet. In conclusion, the T3 diet mayhave limited goat performance, which needs further study to improve the quality of silage.


The cells in the hippocampal formation of rat, cat, rhesus monkey and human have been counted. The results show that there is a continuous increase both in granule and pyramidal cell numbers from rat to human. However, in human there is a disproportionate increase in the number of pyramidal cells of the regio superior. In the dentate gyrus the hilar region accumulates higher number of cells than it might have been expected from the average increase.


This paper studies the problem of stabilization criteria for systems with two additive time‐varying delays. First, the delay‐dependent stability condition for the systems is established through computing the more general Lyapunov functional. The Lyapunov functional is constructed by making full use of the property and the information of the systems, and the condition has advantages over the existing ones in the skillful combination of the delay decomposition and the reciprocal convex approach. Second, considered to be more flexible for the controller design with the introduced positive scalar, a new controller method is presented. Finally, two examples are provided to demonstrate the advantage of the results in this paper.


Abstract The assessment of sustainability practices in the supply chain involves not only defining the measures or indicators, but also implementing, using and updating them according to driving elements that motivate companies to opt for sustainability. The aims in this study are to investigate if, how and why firms in different stages of the food supply chain assess their sustainability, and the alignment of the supply chain sustainability (SCS) assessment with the SCS practices and drivers. This paper studies the case of Grana Padano cheese, one of the major Italian PDO (protected designation of origin) products. The case comprises eight companies in the main three supply chain stages; plus, the Consortium that manages the PDO label. The Grana Padano supply chain opts mainly for a loose-coupled approach in their SCS performance management. The study contributes to the SCS literature by providing a typology of assessment approaches, in terms of alignment among drivers, practices and measures, and provides insights for understanding the reasons why companies adopt a certain approach.


In order to dynamically detect vehicle motion stability during operation, as a new method of detecting vehicle motion stability, the time-varying damping ratio, is presented on the basis of the analysis of the dynamic response feature and the non-stationary characteristics of the response signals. The lateral vibration accelerations are decomposed by the IEMD(improved empirical mode decomposition) into a finite and often small number of IMF(intrinsic mode functions). The instantaneous frequency and the instantaneous amplitude of the intrinsic mode components are drawn through normalized Hilbert transform, respectively. The time-varying damping ratios under different intrinsic modes are computed by applying instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous frequency to judge the running stability of the vehicle. The zero or negative damping ratio indicates that the vehicle is unstable, the positive damping ratio shows that the vehicle keeps stable, the absolute value of the negative ratio means the severity of vehicle instability. Through the theoretical and experimental verification applying simulation and the measured signals, the results show the method can accurately and efficiently dynamically capture the time-varying characteristics of the system stability, with a powerful method for transit monitoring of vehicle running stability.


We have derived a multi-model approach to calculate time-dependent earthquake hazard resulting from earthquake clustering. This open-file report explains the theoretical background behind the approach, the specific details that are used in applying the method to California, as well as the statistical testing to validate the technique. We have implemented our algorithm as a real-time tool that has been automatically generating short-term hazard maps for California since May of 2002, at http://step.wr.usgs.gov


The effects of arsenate (As(V)) on the growth and arsenic uptake in Microcystis aeruginosa were determined at different growth phases ( lag phaseꎬ exponential growth phase and stable phase) and phosphorus (phosphateꎬP) (0.02 mg􀅰L-1ꎬ 0.1 mg􀅰L-1 and 0.5 mg􀅰L-1) levels. Results show that at lag phaseꎬ As(V) addition significantly promoted the growth of M. aeruginosaꎬ the average growth rate (μ2d) increased by 21.49%~32.23% at three phosphorus levels as compared with the control. howeverꎬ no significant difference was found among the different levels of As(V) treatments. In additionꎬ no effect was seen for phosphorus levels on the growth of M. aeruginosa when As(V) was added in a fixed level. During the exponential growth phase and stable phaseꎬ As(V) significantly inhibited the growth of M. aeruginosaꎬ and the inhibitory effect was the highest under the condition of exponential growth phase at 0.02 mg􀅰L-1 P levelꎬ μ2d linearly decreased with the additions of As(V)ꎬ with 42.35%~106.30% decreasing as compared with the controlꎬ while no effect was observed for As(V) addition on the growth of M. aeruginosa when P was at 0.1 mg􀅰L-1 and 0.5 mg􀅰L-1 levels. 环    境    科    学    学    报 37 卷 During the stable phaseꎬ the growth of M. aeruginosa gradually decreased with the addition of As(V)ꎬ the inhibitory effect of As(V) was seen as the pronounced at 0.1 mg􀅰L-1ꎬ and the least at 0.5 mg􀅰L-1ꎬ P levelsꎬ the corresponding μ2d decreased by 1387% ~ 3181% and 15.53% ~ 378.00% as compared with the controlꎬ at the former and latter two conditionsꎬ respectively. Addition of As(V) significantly promoted the uptake of arsenic in M. aeruginosa cells at different growth phases and at low level phosphorus of 0.02 mg􀅰L-1ꎬ the content of arsenic in cell increased linearly with the addition of As (V). Howeverꎬ such effect became weaken when P was at higher levels as 0.1 mg􀅰L-1 and 0.5 mg􀅰L-1ꎬ and completely disappeared at the exponential growth phaseꎬ suggesting an inhibitory effect of P on As uptake by the algae. At 0.1 mg􀅰L-1 and 0.5 mg􀅰L-1 Pꎬ arsenic contents in the cell at lag phase was higher than that in the exponential growth phaseꎬ indicating a rapid efflux of arsenic with the process of metabolism during the algae bloom. This study has furthered the understanding of the interaction between arsenic pollution and lake eutrophication.


The article presents an overview and analysis of the policies and infrastructural activities in the sphere of Arctic research undertaken by the Arctic Council member states and other European and Asian countries. It dwells on the basic principles and approaches to resourcing of the Arctic research as well as on key similarities and differences between the countries in realization of their national Arctic plans for science. The paper shows that in the Arctic, research infrastructures provide geopolitical presence in this region and give certain states strategic advantages.


Erythrocyte membrane and kidney microsomal Na, K-ATPases have been shown to be elevated in children suffering from kwashiorkor and in protein energy malnourished (PEM) rats. Kinetic properties of kidney microsomal Na, K-ATPase were studied in PEM rats to understand further the mechanism of this elevated activity. From the Arrhenius plots no significant differences were seen in the critical temperature and energy of activation of Na, K-ATPase between the control (C), energy-restricted (ER), and protein-restricted (PR) rats. Changes in the apparent K0.5 values of Na+, K+, and ATP were of much smaller magnitude, and increased Vmax was found to be mainly responsible for the observed increase in Na, K-ATPase activity in PEM rats. The Hill coefficient with ATP as substrate was found to be 1.62 in all three groups. Vmax/Km: a broad index of physiological efficiency, remained unaltered with K+ as a substrate in the ER rats, but was higher by 60% in PR rats as compared with the control value. In the Na+-activated component, the physiological efficiency in protein restriction was higher by 60% in relation to energy restriction. These results lead to the conclusion that the increased Na, K-ATPase activity in kidney microsomal preparations, from PR rats is attributable to modifications in the enzyme site and that energy restriction, in fact, results in a lowering of the physiological efficiency of Na, K-ATPase by affecting the Na+-site. Altered lipid microenvironment if any, does not appear to contribute to changes in Na, K-ATPase activity in PEM since neither Arrhenius plots nor Hill coefficients (ATP) showed any modification.


This report documents the human factors activities conducted as part of the Capstone 3 Electronic Flight Bag (EFB) – Airport Moving Map operational evaluation. The purpose of that operational evaluation was to understand the safety implications of an airport moving map on a Class 2 or Class 3 EFB and/or an approved aural runway safety alerting system. Three airlines (Atlas Air, Shuttle America, and US Airways) established an EFB program for the Capstone 3 operational evaluation. This report describes (1) the status of the EFB programs at these three airlines in September 2012 when the program ended, (2) the considerations in the development of the surveys designed to gather human factors information from this operational evaluation, and (3) the human factors findings on the usability of the EFB and airport moving map. The information in this report is intended to be of use to the Federal Aviation Administration in developing guidance material for EFBs and airport moving maps.


The title Fujiwara—Moritani oxidative Heck reaction proceeds with highly chemo-, regio-, and stereoselective control, leading to the formation of (E)-cinnamyl acetates and a carbonate.


High recurrence rates after surgical management of complicated anal fistulae and concerns over postoperative incontinence encourage surgeons to look for new surgical solutions. Fistulas with high purulent reservoirs in diagnostic imaging are particularly challenging. Surgical opening of high branches and purulent reservoirs is a key therapeutic element in the management of complex fistulas. Access to these reservoirs should be established via the simplest route, hence for example, the deep postanal space should be reached from the outside by separating the external sphincter fibers, while the shortest access to high intersphincteric reservoirs is through the anal canal. The paper discusses two surgical approaches: a historical method proposed many years ago by Hanley and involving a wide opening of the deep postanal space, and TROPIS, which is a new, recently published method for accessing high intersphincteric fistulas. We describe the techniques, indications and contraindications for these two approaches. We concluded that proper patient qualification for the above therapeutic approaches is crucial. Pre-operative MRI or transrectal ultrasound imaging of the fistulous tract and determining the shortest drainage route are important.


The calculation of income at different levels of the income vertical includes an analysis of the distribution of the population by (simple) income and the calculation of income that has undergone transformation in the implementation of a particular social policy and a particular direction (stage) of it. At the same time, it is necessary to formalize the task of finding the family structure of the population in order to build a curve of income distribution.


We present a detailed study of strain behavior associated with martensitic transition in polycrystalline Ni45Co5Mn37In13 Heusler alloy. A spontaneous phase transition strain with the value of about 0.4% in this alloy can be acquired by applying and removing magnetic field, exhibiting a large two-way metamagnetic shape memory effect (MSME) with nonprestrain. This effect is originated from magnetoelastic coupling due to a large difference in Zeeman energy between austenitic and martensitic phases. In addition, it was also found that even after three magnetic field cycles at 320 K, the two-way MSME is still reproducible. Such characteristic could be ascribed to a random orientation of martensite variants in present alloy.


Rising life expectancy results in an increase of degenerative and neoplastic diseases. Population-based observational studies report that 1% to 2% of patients older than 65 years have moderate-to-severe aortic stenosis (AS) (Nkomo et al., 2006). Surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) dates back to 1960 and is currently the only treatment option for severe AS that has been shown to improve survival, regardless of age (Kvidal et al., 2000). In the ideal candidate, surgical AVR has an estimated operative mortality of 4% (Kvidal et al., 2000). Unfortunately, up to one-third of patients with severe AS are ineligible for corrective valve surgery, either because of advanced age or the presence of multiple comorbidities (Iung et al., 2005). Current treatment options for those patients not offered surgery include medical treatment or percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty, although neither has been


Hydrogel material was synthesized by copolymerization of NVP, HEMA and AAm. The influence of temperature, pH and ionic intensity was investigated in detail. The result showed that the swelling ratio of the hydrogels decreased with the temperature and ionic intensity increasing. In acid medium, the swelling ratio of the copolymer hydrogels was more than that of in alkaline medium.


The invention relates to a medicament, namely a medicament for treating prosopoplegia. The medicament is prepared from the following raw material medicaments in part by weight: 8 to 12 parts of antelope, 12 to 25 parts of giant typhonium rhizome, 2 to 8 parts of cicada slough, 12 to 18 parts of gambir plant, 8 to 12 parts of snake slough, 4 to 8 parts of stiff silkworm, 18 to 22 parts of divaricate saposhnikovia root, 18 to 25 parts of tall gastrodia tuber and 40 to 60 parts of liquorice root. The medicament has the advantages that the medicament has remarkable treatment effect on prosopoplegia, no toxic or side effect, readily available raw material, simple preparation, low cost, convenient use, high using value, good market prospect and the like.


A flock of Merino ewes was divided at random into three groups which were mated to the one lot of Merino rams for periods of two months at intervals of four months. The mating periods were April to June, August to October, and December to February. Observations were made on the occurrence and distribution of mating throughout each mating period, on attainment of advanced pregnancy, and on lambs born. There was a high incidence of mating from the start of the first and second mating periods, but a high incidence of mating did not occur until the third week of the third period. Most of the ewes mated on one occasion only during the first and third periods and most of them eventually lambed. Many ewes returned to service on one or two occasions during the second period and many failed to bear lambs. A high proportion of the pregnancies from the first mating period and a moderate proportion of those from the second were multiple, but all pregnancies from the third mating period were single. As measured by the ratio of lambs born alive to ewes mated, the first mating was accompanied by the highest level of fertility and the second by the lowest.


This paper studies al-Tadamun partnership, and clarifies its legal nature, after identifying its major characteristics. The first one is the unlimited personal liability, which means that all partners are responsible for the debt of the company or partnership: all partners must have this obligation. The second characteristic is a partners' share in the company which is not able for circulation or transaction, which means a partner cannot sell his shares outside the company: If the partner wishes to do so, the consent of other partners is required. The third characteristic is that all partners share the distribution of profit and endure the loss as well. The distribution depends upon the agreement between partners. If there is no such agreement, the profit and loss is distributed among them depending on their share in the capital. This study shows that al-Tadamun partnership is an overlap between al-Anan partnership and al-Mufawadah partnership in all its characteristics except the distribution of loss. Regarding this matter, the Muslim jurists agree that losses should be equally borne by partners depending on one's share in the capital.


1. Antarctic resources policy: an introduction Francisco Orrego Vicuna Part I. The State of Antarctic Knowledge and Experience: 2. Antarctica: its history and development V. E. Fuchs 3. The living resources of the Southern Ocean: a scientific overview George A. Knox 4. The mineral resources of Antarctica: progress in their identification Tore Gjelsvik 5. Environmental factors in the development of Antarctica M. W. Holdgate 6. Cooperation in the Antarctic: a quarter of a century's experience J. A. Heap Part II. The Policy for the Conservation of the Living Resources of Antarctica: 7. Scientific and economic considerations relating to the conservation of marine living resources in Antarctica D. L. Powell 8. The implementation of the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources: needs and problems Takesi Nagata 9. The regime for the conservation of Antarctica's living resources Josyane Couratier 10. The Canberra Convention: objectives and political aspects of its negotiation Fernando Zegers Part III. The Policy for the Exploration and Exploitation of the Mineral Resources of Antarctica: 11. Geologic data and its impact on the discussion on a regime for mineral resources Oscar Gonzalez-Ferran 12. Basic conditions for the exploration and exploitation of mineral resources in Antarctica: options and experiences Egil Bergsager 13. Oil as a special resource: problems and experiences Gilbert Guillaume 14. An overview of the problems which should be addressed in the preparation of a regime governing the mineral resources of Antarctica C. D. Beeby 15. The definition of a regime on Antarctic mineral resources: basic options Francisco Orrego Vicuna 16. Criteria for access to the resources of Antarctica: alternatives, procedure and experience applicable Keith Brennan Part IV. Issues on Antarctica and the Law of the Sea: 17. The application of the law of the sea to the Antarctic continent Alfred Van der Essen 18. The application of the law of the sea and the exclusive economic zone to the Antarctic continent Francisco Orrego Vicuna 19. The continental shelf of Antarctica: legal implications for a regime on mineral resources Maria Teresa Infante Part V. The Policy for Antarctic Cooperation: 20. Antarctica's role in international relations Roberto E. Guyer 21. Alternatives for cooperation and institutionalisation in Antarctica: outlook for the 1990s R. Tucker Scully 22. Resource development in polar regions: comments on technology E. F. Roots 23. Jurisdictional problems in relation to Antarctic mineral resources in political perspective Finn Sollie.


Pingxiang mining area belongs to a group of coal production base in China earlier,with the continuous time the development of science and technology,more and more old industrial buildings,and lost a lot of production function. But if allowed to use,it will cause the waste of resources and space. So,the old mining area of Pingxiang construction survey and comprehensive study,strive for to improve its function by advanced science and technology,which can efficiently and not waste energy production.


Theorem 1. Let p(x,θ) be a strictly positive, continuous probability distribution over continuous or discrete states xn and continuous parameters θ = (θ1, . . . , θM ), twice continuously differentiable with respect to θ. Let b(θ) be a strictly positive, twice continuously differentiable function. Then the set of stochastic differential equations (S1) leaves the distribution p∗(θ) invariant. Furthermore, p∗(θ) is the unique stationary distribution of the sampling dynamics.


Purpose of review Cannabis use is the most commonly abused illicit substance. Its relation with psychosis remains a topic of debate. Epidemiological studies suggest that cannabis is a component cause accounting for approximately 10% of cases. An increasing number of studies have been published on neurobiological effects of cannabis and vulnerability of psychosis. Recent findings Acute cannabis administration can induce memory impairments, sometimes persisting months following abstinence. There is no evidence that residual effects on cognition remain after years of abstinence. The scarce literature on neuro-imaging mainly done in nonpsychotic populations, show little evidence that cannabis has effects on brain anatomy. Acute effects of cannabis include increases of cerebral blood flow, whereas long-term effects of cannabis include attenuation of cerebral blood flow. In animals Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol enhances dopaminergic neurotransmission in brain regions known to be implicated in psychosis. Studies in humans show that genetic vulnerability may add to increased risk of developing psychosis and cognitive impairments following cannabis consumption. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol induces psychotic like states and memory impairments in healthy volunteers. Summary Simultaneously with increasing understanding of neurobiological cannabis effects, there is a lack of studies in people with psychosis. There are plausible mechanisms that might explain the psychotogenic effects of cannabis.


This handbook covers design of solar heating systems for commercial and laboratory buildings at Department of Energy Facilities. It includes discussions of solar energy fundamentals, solar heating and cooling technology, systems, and components, as well as a discussion of solar system economics. Quantitative analysis, with generalized design and sizing curves, is presented for solar heating so that collector and other system parameters can be cost-economically sized without a computer simulation. Solar system design considerations and guidelines, as well as guidelines for developing subsystem specifications, are presented. Thus this handbook is both a primer for the solar novice and a reference manual for the solar system designer.


Lacunarity is related to the spatial distribution of gap or hole sizes. For low lacunarity, all gap sizes are the same and geometric objects are deemed homogeneous; conversely, for high lacunarity, gap sizes are variable and objects are therefore heterogeneous. Textures that are homogeneous at small scales can be quite heterogeneous at large scales and vice versa, and hence, lacunarity can be considered a scale-dependent measure of heterogeneity or texture. In this article, we use a lacunarity method based on a differential box counting approach to identify urban land-use and land-cover classes from satellite sensor data. Our methodology focuses on two different gliding box methods to compute lacunarity values and demonstrate a mirror extension approach for a local moving window. The extension approach overcomes, or at least minimizes, the boundary problem. The results from our study suggest that the overlapping box approach is more effective than the skipping box approach, but that there is no significant difference between window sizes. Our work represents a contribution to not only advances in textural and spatial metrics as used in remote-sensing pattern interpretation but also for broadening understanding of the computational geometry of nonlinear shape models of which lacunarity is the reciprocal of fractal theory.


1. This submission is by David MacKenzie, Trading Standards Manager at the Highland Council and lead officer on this topic for the Society of Chief Officers of Trading Standards in Scotland (SCOTSS). The Highland Council is committed to protecting Highland consumers and businesses against unfair trading practices and recognises the key importance of e-Commerce to the people of the Highlands. SCOTSS is the professional body representing the lead officers for trading standards services in Scottish local authorities and is also committed to fostering fair online trading. The submission is on behalf of both the Highland Council and SCOTSS.


The problems of cervical spine osteochondrosis with hypermobility are of great medical and social significance. Physical rehabilitation methods can improve effectiveness of basic drug therapy. These include isometric exercises, postisometric muscle relaxation, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, postural exercises and special massage.


This article traces the evolution of critical pedagogy and its central tenets, and how these have moved through language teaching into the realm of English for Academic Purposes (EAP) and are manifest in current debates in the field. Tracing these debates opens the discussion to the applicability of critical pedagogy to EAP and consideration of the critiques that have been directed at these teaching practices. These include critiques of the metaphor of voice, the notion of empowerment, the relational positioning of subjects within EAP critical pedagogy practices, among others. In the final part of the paper, the author considers the possibilities for a Foucauldian 'counter‐practice' or resistance that will be relevant to the current precarious and tenuous positions of both EAP students and teachers. Specifically, De Certeau's observations about strategies and tactics provide the opening for conceptualizing a set of resistance practices for both EAP students and teachers who are vulnerable because of their location within the institutional context.


Diplomacy has changed so greatly since the beginning of the twentieth century that the diplomatic historian is driven to wonder whether his subject has any relevance to the contemporary world.* Then and now—let us set them against each other. Then Europe was the center of diplomatic action; now the diplomat's mind must compass the globe. Then he need take account of a few powers, all with settled traditions of policy. Now he must try to estimate the direction of policy in states with no settled traditions, like Indonesia, while even in older states like Italy and Germany tradition is not a safe guide. Then the diplomat was, for the most part, concerned with narrowly political subjects; now he must study and report on many and diverse subjects. Then information was easy to come by; now, over much of the earth's surface, heroic efforts are made to conceal essential facts and figures. Then there was intimacy and confidence within the group concerned with diplomacy in any country; now discussion is carefully kept within the scope of the lowest security clearance in the room. Then diplomacy was a leisurely business—Bismarck buried in the country for months on end, Salisbury deep in chemical experiments at Hatfield House, Grey feeding his beloved ducks. Today incessant activity is the mark of the statesman. "I spent 350 of my 562 days as Secretary of State at international conferences," boasts Governor Byrnes. Secretary Dulles' air mileage over the last three years surely exceeds that of any traveling salesman.


: A case of infantile hemangioendothelioma presenting as abdominal distension and scalp hemangioma in infant which was managed successfully with oral prednisolone and propronolol resulting in improvement of symptoms and regression of tumor within 6 months. natal and postnatal history. There was no significant family history of liver disease. The child had attained age appropriate milestones. On general examination the child had pallor and soft boggy swelling 2 x 2 x 0.3 cm in right frontoparietal region of scalp which was soft & compressible without ulcer or discharge. Anthropometry and vitals were normal. Systemic examination of abdomen revealed upper abdominal distension, dilated veins and pushed down umbilicus and liver was palpable 6 cm below right costal margin which was firm, with well defined margin, and non tender with span of 8cm .There was no free fluid in abdomen. Other system examination were normal. Investigation revealed that the child had anemia which was normochromic and normocytic. Total count, differential count and platelets were normal. Liver function test , thyroid function tests and serum alpha fetoprotein were normal. USG abdomen revealed multiple hypoechoic lesion present in both lobes of liver. MRI abdomen revealed hepatomegaly and the entire liver parenchyma replaced by T2 hyperintense lesion of various size involving both lobes of liver, largest measuring 3 cm in diameter in IVC segment. Cardiac evaluation revealed ASD OS 4-5 mm and normal ventricular function. Pediatric surgery opinion sought. Surgery was deferred as there was extensive involvement of both lobes of liver and was suggested to start on conservative management. Child was started on oral prednisolone (2mg/kg), T.propranolol (2mg/kg) daily. Follow up was done once in 2 weeks. MRI should regression of size of hepatic lesion after 1 month. After 6 months MRI showed significant reduction in size of lesion and scalp hemangioma became unpalpable.


Synopsis : Steels are produced in large quantities and being recycled at high rate in Japan. However, recycling of steel scraps would lead to the enhancement of contamination of undesirable tramp metals in steel scraps. So, the limitation of recycling of the steel scarps would be expected in the near future. This may increase in the production of virgin steels and environmental impacts associated with total steel production in Japan . The authors have developed a dynamic model to assess the maximum recyclable ratio of steel scraps and the total environmental impacts caused by the steel production in Japan. The model is based on population balance model (PBM) , material pinch technology in corporate with LCA. The amount of steel scraps generated in Japan and their concentration of tramp metal during 1990-2030 were estimated by PBM . The maximum recyclable ratio of steel scraps in each year was calculated by material pinch technology , in which assessed were optimal balance between the amount and quality of steel scraps and those of steel products. The total CO2 emissions caused by steel production in Japan during 1990-2030 were estimated by LCA.


In this procedure, the fundamental electromagnetic equations and fluid equations in a cylindrical coordinate system for a new drift plasma configuration have been analyzed. The system is a long nonhomogeneous drift plasma column, which is imbedded in a uniform transverse magnetic field rotating about the symmetric axis of the system. The elements of the dielectric permittivity tensor are obtained for a pattern propagating in an arbitrary direction, and coupling equations of fields will be derived. It will be observed that the time variable dielectric tensor can be written as non-operational Hermitian and pure spatial operational parts which satisfy the limiting special cases.


Used clothing is not good for use because it does not know the history of previous users so that there is a possibility for contracting a very large infectious disease from bacteria on the clothing. Previous research found that the most commonly isolated bacteria are Staphylococcus Aureus, Staphylococcus Aureus can survive on clothing. Indonesia is one of the developing countries in the world which is a destination for used clothing exports. This type of research is quantitative to identify the presence of Staphylococcus Aureus bacteria in imported used clothing that is sold in several markets in Makassar City. The population in this study were traders and used clothing sold in the Makassar City market in South Sulawesi Province consisting of 5 traders in the eggplant market and 5 traders and Gor Sudiang. The sampling technique used is random sampling. The results showed that the merchant's knowledge related to the problem of cleaning used imported clothing so that it is safe when used by consumers is quite good. The attitude of traders has a positive attitude related to the problem of cleanliness of imported used clothing so that it is safe when used by consumers. The actions of traders regarding the problem of cleaning imported second-hand clothing to be safe when used by consumers are quite good. Whereas the results of laboratory tests stated that there were no Staphylococcus Aureus bacteriafound in imported used clothing at the Terong and Gor Sudiang Markets. However, in this laboratory test found another bacterium in imported used clothing, the Bacillus Sp.


INTRODUCTION: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a partially irreversible narrowing of the respiratory tract that hinders air flow through the lungs. Airflow impairment in patients with COPD causes fatigue. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The aim of the study was to determine the sense of fatigue in patients diagnosed with COPD on the basis of sociodemographic and biomedical factors. The study was conducted in 2016 in a group of 120 patients with COPD. The method of a diagnostic survey using the Brief Fatigue Inventory scale was used. RESULTS: According to the Brief Fatigue Inventory scale, 1.67% of respondents experienced mild fatigue, while 98.33% moderate. Statistical analysis of the study results indicates that the fatigue intensity was significant in the group of women (p < 0.001), people over 60 and 50 to 60 years old (p < 0.001), overweight and underweight (p < 0.001), patients with secondary and primary education (p < 0,001), living in a city (p < 0.001), in a single-family house or block of flats (p < 0.001), smokers (p < 0.001) or passive smokers (p < 0.001), physical workers (p < 0.001), suffering for 3–5 years (p < 0.001). The reasons for the presence of ailments such as coughing or shortness of breath exacerbating fatigue were physical activity (61.67%), respiratory infections (58.33%), contact with chemical agents (55.83%), and rarely


We study a particular class of supersymmetric M-theory eight-dimensional non-geometric compactification backgrounds to three-dimensional Minkowski space-time, proving that the global space of the non-geometric compactification is still a differentiable manifold, although with very different geometric and topological properties with respect to the corresponding standard M-theory compactification background: it is a compact complex manifold admitting a K\"ahler covering with deck transformations acting by holomorphic homotheties with respect to the K\"ahler metric. We show that this class of non-geometric compactifications evade the Maldacena-Nu\~nez no-go theorem and thus do not require $\alpha^{\prime}$-corrections to allow for a non-trivial warp factor or four-form flux. We obtain an explicit compactification background on a complex Hopf four-fold that solves all the equations of motion of the theory. We also show that this class of non-geometric compactification backgrounds is equipped with a holomorphic principal torus fibration over a projective K\"ahler base as well as a codimension-one foliation with nearly-parallel $G_{2}$-leaves, making thus contact with the work of M. Babalic and C. Lazaroiu on the foliation structure of the most general M-theory supersymmetric compactifications.


Time, cost and quality are the most important control objects of project management. On the basis of analyzing the relations among the three objects, this paper discusses some theories and methods about the comprehensive optimization of the objects. And it gives a practical example on construction project calculation. It is indicated that a strategic decision on comprehensive optimization of the time, cost and quality can be made by applying optimization models of these three objects. Thus the efficiency and benefit of construction project are raised.


The invention relates to a core node discovery method based on frequent itemset mining. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, itemset generating stage: (a), obtaining network snapshots for a plurality of time points; (b), performing operation aiming at the network snapshots for each time point: i, obtaining an association graph between nodes corresponding to the network snapshots; ii, extracting all gamma groups in the association graph; and iii, collecting the nodes corresponding to all the association groups as one itemset to be added in an itemset aggregate; and secondly, core node discovery stage: (a), taking the generated itemset aggregate as the initial aggregate for the maximum frequent itemset mining; (b), expressing the itemset aggregate in a bitmap vector form; (c), generating maximum frequent itemset; and (d) ending. The invention combines the subgraph discovery and the frequent itemset mining for core node discovery. The gamma group discovery algorithm is adopted in the subgraph discovery, therefore, the interior of the subgraph has controllable compactness, and the generation of the maximum frequent itemset is quickened since the graph-based maximum frequent itemset mining algorithm is adotped for the frequent itemset mining.


Reinforcement corrosion is a common cause of deterioration in reinforced concrete.
The corrosion mechanism involved and the consequent structural behaviour of
deteriorated reinforced concrete members have been studied by several researchers.
Nevertheless, the knowledge obtained is primarily based on experimental investigations
of artificially corroded specimens whereas natural corrosion may affect structural
behaviour differently. This thesis aims to deepen the understanding of the structural
effects of natural corrosion deterioration with a focus on the remaining anchorage
capacity between deformed bars and concrete, as well as the investigation of possible
links between visual inspection data and structural damage.

Tests on the anchorage capacity of naturally corroded reinforcement were carried out.
The specimens were taken from the concrete edge beams of a 32-year old bridge that
had been exposed to the outdoor environment. The tests were carried out using an
indirectly supported four-point bending test. The overall structural behaviour of the
specimens was examined through measurements of loads, vertical deflections and endslip
of the tensile rebars. The failure mode consisted of a splitting-induced pull-out
failure in all tests. It was observed that the specimens with cracking and cover spalling
had an average of 6 and 9 %, respectively, lower load-carrying capacity compared with
the un-cracked ones.

Two methods were used to quantify the corrosion level: gravimetric measurements and
advanced 3D optical scanning. The correlations between the measured corrosion levels,
splitting crack widths and the anchorage capacity of the corroded specimens were
investigated, and the results were compared with artificial corrosion tests from
literature. For the same crack widths, the specimens in this study had much less
corrosion level and slightly higher bond capacity compared to other studies found in
literature with artificially induced corrosion. Furthermore, it was also investigated how
well analyses on different levels can describe the structural behaviour - from advanced
modelling to a simplified approach that can be used in practice. In the most advanced
approach, three-dimensional non-linear finite element (3D NLFE) analyses employing
previously developed bond and corrosion models were carried out. This approach
yielded results that were most consistent with the experimental observations; however,
the analyses were computationally expensive. In the most simplified approach, a
constant bond stress was assumed together with the available anchorage length
measured, which underestimated the capacities. Thus, the simplified method applied
was the most efficient analysis with results on the safe side.

Ultimately, this study contributes to the knowledge on how the structural effects of
reinforcement corrosion in existing structures can be assessed. The results indicate that
using the available knowledge of artificial corrosion to formulate a damage indicator in
the form of crack widths would yield estimations of the structural capacity on the safe
side. The present study was based on a limited amount of experiments. Thus, more
experiments on real structures are needed.


The Royal Children's Hospital Speech Pathology Department (RCH SPD) provides services to children with Cleft Palate (CP) and velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) in a geographical region that is more than twice the size of Texas, with 30% of the children residing in regional areas. The geographical distribution of the population means that many families are unable to access local speech therapy. To address this problem, the RCH SPD and Music Therapy departments (MTD) collaborated to create a clinical resource for regional children and families. The package is intended to facilitate an increase in children's consonant inventory, frequency of vocalizations, vocabulary, and communicative opportunity and increase oral airflow during speech. It is also intended to facilitate family-centered care and increase the parent and child's motivation to participate in speech therapy activities within the home environment. The clinical resource has now been distributed to 70 children with cleft palate in Queensland. This pa...


To compare balanced turbo field echo (bTFE) with multiple overlapping thin slice acquisition (MOTSA) and contrast‐enhanced MR angiography (CE‐MRA) in depicting carotid artery stenosis.


Objective:To perform epidemiological study on helicobacter pylori infection in Chongqing city residents undergoing physical examination.Methods:3254 persons from different working units were examined between Jan.2008 and Jun.2008.Blood samples were obtained for serological analysis by dot immunochromatographic assay.Results:The infection rate of H.pylori in Chongqing city residents was 37.12%,the male rate was 39.26%,and the female rate was 32.97%(P0.05),with the significant difference among which;The in-fection rate was increasing with age(excluding the age group older than 60).The highest infection rate was in the age group of 50~ 59 years;The infection rates of first season and the second season of the year were 34.76%,38.44%,respectively.The difference was not significant.Conclusion:The infection rate of H.pylori is related with the age.


There were two Yanzhang Bells of king of Chu found in Anlu, Hubei area in Northern Song Dynasty(960-1127),and their chronicle of inscriptions were same with those on Yanzhang Bo of king of Chu unearthed from the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng in the early Warring States period found in Suizhou, Hubei area in 1978, one of them inscribed three Chinese characters "Shang Shang Mu" on both of positive and profile sides of the bell. The Yanzhang Bells of king of Chu should be decorated with decorative pattern on positive side but without buttons, their shapes were the same as the bells with button unearthed from the first Chu tomb of Tian Xing Guan in Jianglin, Hubei area. Two characters of "Shang" should be repeated inscribed, both characters of "Shang" and "Mu" was the scale name, which probably was minor third interval relations. "Mu"was equivalent to the traditional scale name of Qingjiao, its meaning could be explain each other with "He", and both of them belongs to the fourth in new of diatonic scale.