PurposeSince few studies have explored and advanced on the development of measures of knowledge waste, the purpose of this paper is to develop and validate a scale for measuring the waste of knowledge.Design/methodology/approachA research was carried out in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) divided into five distinct stages, three qualitative and two quantitative. For the quantitative steps, a sample of 223 responses was obtained for the exploratory part and another sample of 614 responses for the confirmatory part of the study. Data analysis procedures involved Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis to test and validate the proposed scale.FindingsA fifteen-item scale divided into four constructs was obtained after refinement of the proposed scale and validation procedures (convergent and discriminant validity). The scale also has satisfactory levels of reliability.Research limitations/implicationsThe resulting scale was validated in a single institutional culture environment (HEIs in Southern Brazil). So it still should be tested in different organizational contexts and cross-culturally in different countries. The scale may be useful for decision-making improvement about knowledge management and waste reduction.Practical implicationsA scale with a practical and quick application is provided. Additionally, a classification of the waste of knowledge level was developed and it could be easily applied in different sectors or organizations.Originality/valueThe literature on waste of knowledge is limited and often confused with knowledge loss. This study provides a clear distinction between these topics, and it advances on the explanation and definition of knowledge waste. Also, it is the first study to offer a scale to measure the elements of knowledge waste.


The new curriculum reform is spreading over the country so colorfully.Under this situation,a new theory———education of students(ES)arises.It is not only the result of the reform but meets the needs of the development of the times.English,as one of the key subjects in senior middle school education,is now at the front of the curriculum reform in basic education,and English teaching in senior middle schools is necessarily one of the key reform points in the education of students.Thus,as one important element,how to bridge up the two aspects skillfully has a strong impact on the development of students and the improvement of school education quality.


The five independent elastic constants of single crystals of hexagonal close‐packed rhenium have been determined by the ultrasonic pulse‐echo technique over the temperature range 4.2°–298°K. The values at 298°K in units of 1011 dyn/cm2 are C11=61.25, C33=68.27, C44=16.25, C12=27.0, and C13=20.6. The bulk modulus derived from these constants shows a temperature variation somewhat analogous to that which has been reported for other 4d–5d transition metals. The Debye temperature calculated from the elastic constants at 4.2°K is 416.2°K.


Fourth order boundary value problems arise in the study of the equilibrium of an elastaic beam under an external load. The author earlier investigated the exis- tence and uniqueness of the solutions of the nonlinear analogues of fourth order boundary value problems that arise in the equilibrium ofanelastic beam depending on how the ends of the beam are supported. This paper concerns the existence and uniqueness of solu- tions of the fourth order boundary value problems with periodic boundary conditions.


A ketoacidosis is extremely and uncontrollable form of ketosis is a normal reaction to long-term fasting. In embodiments of the present invention, by measuring ketone bodies exhalation concentrate, to test the ketone level of the patient. Some embodiments include an instrument for a medical examination including a hollow container, the hollow container comprises a liquid containing sodium nitration ferricyanide, powder mixtures of ammonium sulfate and silica, and ammonium hydroxide solution. .Field


Presentation of an exhibition of site-sensitive sculptures on the York University campus, which Kleyn discusses generally in terms of public art, urban planning and the shopping mall. Storr's personal letter on the role and relationships of art within the university is followed by artists' statements and photographic documentation of each piece. Biographical notes. 15 bibl. ref.


Industrial strategy is back on the government's agenda, with a promise to produce a 'match fit' economy that 'works for everyone' and is able to thrive after Brexit. As yet, however, there is little sign of the promised broadly-based and coherent industrial strategy emerging. In crafting it, explains Hugh Pemberton, its architects may profitably look back to the 1960s for some pointers.


One indicator of a country's quality of life can be determined by the Human Development Index (HDI) which is seen based on life expectancy, literacy, education, and living standards. This study aims to explain the risk factors that cause illiteracy in school children in Batang Bulu Village, South Barumun District. In this study using a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The method of collecting data is by interviewing and observing from several communities around Batang Baru Bulu. The findings that we got in this study were that there were 5 sources we interviewed about education and illiteracy, where from these interviews we got several factors why children have the possibility of being illiterate. These factors include: teacher factors, parental factors, child factors, heredity factors, economic factors, and environmental factors. There were 3 interviewees who said that the main factor for children to be illiterate was the teacher factor, while other respondents said that the main factor was the child's parents. From these data, it will be further explained in the results and discussion of this research


An effective system based on wireless video monitoring,audio and video decoding,GPS position and 3G network transmission is designed,thus to implement real-time location and monitoring of the long-distance bus.The vehicle wireless camera,pick-up device and other front-end equipments collect the video and audio information,store the information in the local disk or up-load through 3G wireless network.With auto-alert device,the alarming information is transferred to the monitoring center for real-time processing.With integrated terminal host and display device,the timely warning of driving security and the efficient saving of 3G flow could be realized.


The purpose of this research is to determine what effect weekly conferences and goal setting opportunities have on the motivation of kindergarten children, in a multi-age (3-6 year-old) Montessori early childhood classroom in the Midwest. The goal was for children to become selfmotivated to choose and practice independent work that is developmentally appropriate. Data was collected before, during, and after the project using an observational checklist to determine the effectiveness of implementing goal setting and conferences with students. The research showed that writing goals in a journal was helpful for the majority of students. The students involved in the study came into the classroom ready to choose the lessons that were written in their journal. Also witnessed was an increase in positive talk and encouragement throughout the classroom. The students were reassuring each other and checked on one another to see how close they were to meeting their goals. Future research could be done to determine if goal setting could be carried over into the home and further research into intrinsic motivation of children would be helpful.


Foods come to face to face with contaminations during production and processing areas. At this stage, the mostly wide-spread microorganism from the air are the moulds and yeasts. In the last years, a lot of studies were performed on moulds and mycotoxins which are their metabolites of them. Mycotoxins that are the secondary carcinogen metabolites of the moulds make way for contamination of 25% of products all of the world. Nowadays, fungal infections rapidly increase in various countries. Because of the leaving high level of residues during treatments of chemical disinfectants increase the researches about determination for to possible use of natural antifungal compounds. Some studies about antifungal materials related with plant extracts and the essential oils are researched for obtaining more safe food productions. In this study, it was aimed to give some informations about antifungal activities of researches about the some Allium vegetables (garlic, leek and onion) extracts which are using as a food, spice and medicine since the old ages.


We present a simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithm for a hand-held 3D sensor that uses both points and planes as primitives. We show that it is possible to register 3D data in two different coordinate systems using any combination of three point/plane primitives (3 planes, 2 planes and 1 point, 1 plane and 2 points, and 3 points). Our algorithm uses the minimal set of primitives in a RANSAC framework to robustly compute correspondences and estimate the sensor pose. As the number of planes is significantly smaller than the number of points in typical 3D data, our RANSAC algorithm prefers primitive combinations involving more planes than points. In contrast to existing approaches that mainly use points for registration, our algorithm has the following advantages: (1) it enables faster correspondence search and registration due to the smaller number of plane primitives; (2) it produces plane-based 3D models that are more compact than point-based ones; and (3) being a global registration algorithm, our approach does not suffer from local minima or any initialization problems. Our experiments demonstrate real-time, interactive 3D reconstruction of indoor spaces using a hand-held Kinect sensor.


A method of controlling Mold Temperature Control (MTC) solidification process by cooling threshold was presented based on Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation and experiments research. The outcome provides a basis for selecting MTC parameters. The 3D transient heat transfer analysis was done in various conditions which include the cooling threshold of 500, 20, 400, 440, and 300°C respectively. The study results indicated that the cooling thresholds influence the forming process greatly for directly controlling the opening of channels. If the threshold is big beyond the mold preheated temperature, all channels will be opened at the beginning of the process, and the workpiece will be solidified rapidly, but the forming quality is worsened because of the shrinkage cavity. Contrarily, when the threshold is small extremely, cooling channels can't be opened in time, the forming efficiency will be decreased.


As the developing of the English language teaching study,it draws people's much more attention to the influence that the culture brings to the English teaching.Then how to apply the case method into the cross-cultural communication with the modern teaching method becomes a new topic.This essay presents the cross-cultural communication's teaching through the way of the modern multimedia with the case method after the analysis of the situation in college English teaching,and indicates some views on the English teaching.


We propose a model for the stress softening of isotropic, incompressible rubberlike materials. The model is derived from a micromechanical scheme of a polymeric network reinforced with fine filler particles, idealized as rigid, and connected by two different types of chains: elastic and breakable. The fraction of breakable chains, assigned through an appropriate distribution function, is responsible for the network alteration. This prototypical system is then extended to a three-dimensional model with isotropic stress softening. In order to illustrate this model, we discuss two explicit examples: the homogeneous deformation of uniaxial extension and the inhomogeneous deformation of azimuthal shear.


According to Eurocode 7 (EC7), the strength of soil is not taken into account for hydraulic failure ULS verifications. For hydraulic heave, the established equilibrium of effective soil weight and seepage force considers the loss of effective stress in granular material but neglects the fact that in silt and clay, the failure mechanisms under hydraulic loading are considerably different whereby additional soil parameters play


Appearance of secondary sexual characteristics before 9 years of age in boys constitutes precocious puberty(l). There are three major types of sexual precocity: true or central, peripheral and combined peripheral and central. Precocious puberty may be isosexual or heterosexual in nature. In this communication we report a case of meningomyelocele who developed isosexual precocious puberty secondary to a cerebral arachnoid cyst.


The main purpose of this study was to compare the parameters of computed tomography (CT) and the corresponding patient doses undergoing chest CT scan examinations in different regions of Brazil, providing the current scenario of how these procedures are being carried out in the country as well as the patient dose distribution. Thirty institutions, across 17 states and the Federal District, participated in the survey. The evaluation included 30 multislice CTs of seven different models, manufactured by General Electric (GE) Healthcare. For each institution, data from 10 adult chest CT examinations, performed without contrast, were collected remotely. The analysis of the results showed a significant difference of the CTDIvol values, ranging from 1.1 mGy to 46.6 mGy in seven institutions. The mean value of CTDIvol was higher than values found in the literature and the UK Reference Levels. It was also observed that, regardless of the region of the country, for the same CT model, different scanning parameters were used, which resulted in CTDIvol up to 5 times higher in some institutions. Repetitions of CT acquisitions and scouts with radiation field dimensions larger than the region of interest were found in 25% of chest examinations, resulting in higher absorbed doses. The results of this work show a mapping of the chest CT procedures, which enables the establishment of strategic plans for the country. In addition, each institution will be able to implement an appropriate optimization program and establish institutional reference levels.


We present improvements of various forms of the Hermite-Hadamard inequality, namely that of Fejer, Lupas, Brenner-Alzer and Beesack-Pecaric. It is interesting that these improvements also imply the Hammer-Bullen inequality which deals with a comparison of the left-hand and the right-hand side of the Hermite-Hadamard inequality. These improvements are given in terms of positive linear functionals in the following way. Let E be a nonempty set and L a linear class of functions f:E→ℝ having the properties: (L1) (∀f, g∈L)(∀a, b∈ℝ) af+bg∈L ; (L2) 1∈L (that is if (∀t∈E)f(t)=1 then f∈L) ; (L3) (∀f, g∈L)(min{; ; ; f, g}; ; ; ∈L∧max{; ; ; f, g}; ; ; ∈L) (lattice property). We consider positive normalized linear functionals A:L→ℝ, that is, we assume: (A1) (∀f, g∈L)(∀a, b∈ℝ) A(af+bg)=aA(f)+bA(g) (linearity) ; (A2) (∀f∈L)(f→A(f)) (positivity) ; (A3) A(1)=1. Let L satisfy (L1), (L2) and (L3) on a nonempty set E and let A be a positive normalized linear functional. If f:I→ℝ is a continuous convex function and [a, b]⊆I then for all g∈L such that g(E)⊆[a, b] and f(g)∈L we have A(g)∈[a, b] and f(((pa+qb)/(p+q)))≤A(f(g))≤((pf(a)+qf(b))/(p+q))-A(g)δ_{; ; ; f}; ; ; , where p and q are any nonnegative real numbers such that A(g)=((pa+qb)/(p+q)) and g, δ_{; ; ; f}; ; ; are defined by g=(1/2)1-((|g-((a+b)/2)1|)/(b-a)), δ_{; ; ; f}; ; ; =f(a)+f(b)-2f(((a+b)/2)).


The utility model discloses an external framework type data glove and relates to the data glove for detecting the motion state of the fingers of one human hand. In order to solve the shortcomings of high price, complex system, difficulty in maintenance and the like of the existing data glove sensor, the external framework type data glove is designed to be attached outside the human hand for detecting the motion of joints, a low-price potential device is used for replacing a conventional data glove sensor, and a unique connection way and an ingenious joint measuring point layout are further adopted for reducing or eliminating the hindrance and the impacts of a detection mechanism on the motion of the fingers of an operator. When the operator uses the data glove, the motion of the five fingers can still keep the flexibility and the legerity to the maximum extent and the motion state of each joint can be precisely detected, thereby controlling the actions of a mechanical head or a virtual hand in a computer scene, enabling all the finger joints of a controlled slave hand to perform synergic and consistent actions with all the finger joints of the operator and enabling the complex control of the slave hand with multiple degrees of freedom to become intuitive, simple and convenient.


Tasmania conjures up images of an island, wild and mountainous, once the home of extinct marsupials, where crumbling sandstone ruins evoke memories of the convict past. Writers have always been inspired by the island state, beginning with the early narratives of Marcus Clarke's For the T e r m of His Natural Life and the publication of Australia's first novel by convict Henry Savery.


Widely utilizing the forest resources,speeding up the pace of renewing the forest chemical products,conducting a global survey in new production methods and processes,paying more attention to adjust the current industrial structure in forest zones throughout our province,improving the quality of the products,increasing the proportion in the domestic and foreign markets,all these will promote the economic development in the forest zones of Fujian province.


Carl Schmitt's controversial 1922 Political Theology: Four Chapters on the Concept of Sovereignty initiated a long-standing, lively, and oft misunderstood discourse at the intersections of religious studies, theology, and political theory. Political theology as a discourse has seen something of a revival in recent decades, which has raised genuine problems of interpretation. These include questions of what is at stake in political theology, how political theology can be applied to economic discourses, and how it can be understood in relation to secularity and post-secularity. This study takes Giorgio Agamben's The Kingdom and Glory as a conceptual bridge that helps to situate contemporary political theologies of neoliberalism historically and theoretically. A survey of four recent political theologies of neoliberalism yields a methodological reflection on the limits and potential of political theology as a discourse. A distinction is made between descriptive-genealogical political theologies and normative-prescriptive political theologies. The former is privileged in its philosophical potential, insofar as it reveals both the contingency and genuine variety of normative-prescriptive political theologies.


When gravimetric prospecting is concerned with a region featuring broken relief the calculation of topographical corrections becomes vitally important, for these rectify apparent anomalies completely. It is essential that they should be calculated as exactly as possible. By the classic method this takes an extremely long time and may in the long run involve an outlay actually higher than that expended on operations on the terrain.

It has thus been felt necessary to seek methods which would speed up calculation, and, bearing that in mind, the use of a polar integrator has been envisaged. With this the contour lines of a map can be followed between two fixed radii, the pole corresponding to the location of the position. Two integrator roulettes will give the values of the first two terms of the expansion in terms of the quotient of the height divided by the distance, the second of the terms resulting from the curvature of the earth. Unless there are escarpments very close to the position, the use of these two terms will be sufficient.

Polar integration will deal successively with different contour lines and a subsidiary graph will be plotted, giving the value of each of the integrals in terms of the height. By means of this subsidiary graph the values of the corrections will be obtained with a planimeter and a moment integrator. It is envisaged that the same operation could be repeated in the case of two maps with different scales, for instance, 1–20,000 and 1–200,000 the effect of the areas in the immediate neighbourhood of the position being taken into account by the observer. It is hoped that in this way the calculation of topographical corrections will be made quicker, more exact and less laborious.


A new bonding process has been developed for producing direct bonded aluminum (DBA) substrates using aluminum nitride (AlN). A transient eutectic liquid phase forms in aluminum-X (X = silicon, germanium, silver, or copper) systems at the interface between the aluminum foil and the AlN substrate. The aluminum-X liquid phase transiently contacts the AlN substrate prior to isothermal solidification by diffusion of the element X into the aluminum foil. We prepared DBA substrates using this process and demonstrated that they are highly stable after thermal cycling testing. Furthermore, we used this method to simultaneously bond and fabricate DBA substrates with an aluminum-alloy base plate. We confirmed that this new process for fabricating DBA substrates with an aluminum-alloy base plate has the potential to be cost-effective and to be applied to produce high-reliability, high-power modules used under conditions of severe thermal stress.


The structure and working principle of automatic plastic layer measuring instrument was introduced,and some problems were discussed so as to operate the measuring instrument correctly.


This assessment examines the marketing strategy of Krating Daeng, an energy drink developed in Thailand in 1962 by Bangkok-based TC Pharmaceutical Industry Company Ltd. Students are asked to propose a marketing strategy that examines the various branding, positioning, and distribution channel issues as well as possible cannibalisation effects. This assessment is suitable for use in both undergraduate and graduate courses in marketing.


It is shown that digital or smart transmitters can be multiplexed for both process control and maintenance operations. This can be accomplished with transmitters in either digital or simultaneous digital and analog mode. The transmitters can be integrated into an existing DCS (distributed control system) or other operator interfaces, such as a PC. The transmitters are wired to multiplexers throughout the plant. The multiplexer can be used to support a transmitter management terminal for maintenance use, independently of operations, as well as to provide the digital data to the DCS. The maintenance savings alone can in some instances justify the use of smart transmitters. Combined process and maintenance advantages can improve product quality and quantity and overall plant efficiency by reducing maintenance costs.<<ETX>>


High temperature corrosion problems in coal-fired ultra supercritical boiler and coal gasification combined cycle power plant were discussed. Most severe corrosion occurs in superheater and reheater area in the coal-fired ultra supercritical boilers. The corrosion called coal-ash corrosion is generated in molten alkali iron trisulfate formed in the deposit (ash) on tube surface. The corrosivity of the atmosphere strongly depends on S02 content in the combustion gas and alkali content in the deposit, which vary with the coal quality. Although the corrosion resistance of tube alloy generally increases with the chromium content, it should be individually evaluated for the composition (especially S, Na and K content) of each coal. Isocorrosion diagram indicating the corrosion rate as functions of S02 in gas and alkali in ash is useful to quantitatively evaluate the resistance of alloy against the coal quality. Tubes in heat exchanger (syngas cooler) of gasified and un-refined gas (syngas) are exposed in the most severe corrosion atmosphere in coal gasification combined cycle power plant. Since the syngas has low oxygen potential and high sulfur potential, sulfidation during high temperature operation is significant. Moreover, crevice corrosion also occurs during plant shut down due to chlorine containing solution formed in deposit on the tube. Therefore, the tube material must resist both of the sulfidation and crevice corrosion. Some high chromium containing alloys have been nominated as candidate materials for tube of the advanced plants mentioned here, based on results of laboratory tests obtained so far. Hereafter, it is desired that the practical performance of these alloys is confirmed in field tests.


Scope and method of study. This work derives and demonstrates new and powerful features and measures for automatic speaker recognition and compares them with traditional ones. Automatic speaker recognition is the use of a machine to recognize a person from a spoken phrase. Speaker recognition systems can identify a particular person or verify a person's claimed identity. The scope of this study is limited to speech collected from cooperative users in office environments and without adverse microphone or channel impairments. The success of these systems depends directly upon the power of the features and measures used to discriminate among people. The focus of this research is to discover powerful features and measures for speaker verification. After a thorough literature review, concepts were synthesized from such diverse fields as signal processing, information theory, pattern recognition, physiology, and speech production and perception. The most promising innovations were then compared analytically and by computer simulation.
Findings and conclusions. New perceptually based features were found which, unfortunately, did not outperform traditional speech production features with respect to speaker identification errors. Powerful new production features and measures for speaker verification were discovered. The main contribution is a new information theoretic shape measure between line spectrum pair (LSP) frequency features. This new measure, the divergence shape, can be interpreted geometrically as the shape of an information theoretic measure called divergence. The LSPs were found to be very effective features in this divergence shape measure. The experimental results show this combination yields 0.05% speaker identification error, which is superior by over an order of magnitude to the performance of any other claim reported in the literature.


Open innovation has drawn significant attention over the years, and there is a growing body of literature that highlights the importance of considering this phenomenon at the national level. Less appreciated, however, is the radiative capability of national innovation systems (NIS) and the linking inbound and outbound processes. We provide a measurement of the dual innovation capability (DIC) of NISs based on process-oriented concepts by using a multi-indicator approach, which provides a more comprehensive picture of sectoral NISs compared to currently used metrics. To assess the DIC of NISs, a composite weighting method was used to obtain the score of our selection of 65 countries. The results show the spatio-temporal evolution of DIC from 2010 to 2018 and explore the interactions among sub-elements within the framework. The 65 countries were grouped into 4 categories based on the sub-dimension scores, and we provided 3 possible paths that can be chosen to improve DIC. The index provides a powerful tool to enrich research on innovation systems, guide national positioning, and optimize policies.


Simultaneous steady forced and free convective flow past a heated or cooled body in a semi-infinite porous medium subject to the Darcy–Boussinesq approximation is treated analytically and numerically. A correction term is derived in terms of the Rayleigh (Ra) and Péclet (Pe) numbers for the velocity and temperature fields far from the body; this is subsequently implemented in a numerical treatment, using finite-difference techniques in elliptical coordinates, for 1[les ]Pe[les ]100 and [mid ]Ra[mid ][les ]103. Flow separation is observed for both heating and cooling, perhaps surprisingly so for the former case since the flow near the plate is being accelerated by comparison with the forced convection case. A simple analogy with inviscid flow theory serves to illustrate the manner in which separation eddies are formed for both heating and cooling cases.


There are certain details in the management of obstetric cases which very seldom elicit articles in current medical literature; and yet it is not to be hastily concluded that on these details there exists full agreement and uniformity of practice. The scarcity of articles or their absence does not signify a lack of difference of opinion. This paradoxical state of affairs finds ready illustration in connection with the proper treatment to be followed when a portion of the membranes is


The steady state S3G/S4G reactor core thermal design calculation procedure is presented. This was programmed for the IBM-650 and all necessary coding is given for analysis of any liquid-cooled reactor core design. Sufficient fiexibility exists in the procedure to permit its use with amy fuel element geometry in which a one-phase liquid coolant flow is considered. An example was included to illustrate the necessary inputs and the actual form of answers from the machine. (auth)


The death of a spouse is one of the most profound and life-altering events adults will ever experience. One of the biggest problems reported by both widows and widowers is loneliness, which may last well beyond the usual period of mourning. Loneliness can be described as a gnawing chronic disease without redeeming features which has long been recognized as a strong correlate of depressive symptoms.The aim of the study is to investigate the psychosocial issues among widows and widowers. 30 widows and 30 widowers were selected from Hyderabad between the age groups of 40yrs-70yrs.UCLA Loneliness Scale by Russell, 1996 and Lubben Social Network Scale by Lubben, 1988 were used.The results show thatwidowers are experiencing significant loneliness than widows and no difference was found on social network and significant difference found based on age groups.


INTRODUCTION 'Privilege' has been defined by the Law Reform Committee as 'the right of a person to insist upon there being witheld from a judicial tribunal information which might assist it to ascertain facts relevant to an issue on which it is adjudicating'. 1 The claim of privilege of information received in the doctor/patient relationship must rest on the importance which the community attaches to the preservation of good health and the avoidance of disease and disability; and the risks which can be clearly shown to exist if confidential information passing between patient and doctor is not protected. The extent to which that information should be protected must depend upon the consequences of withholding it to the administration ofjustice.


Considering of the mixed stationary signal blind separation problem,a new blind source separation algorithm of cyclosta-tionarity is proposed.The received signal and extracting its cyclostationarity property,take the output entropy as the objective function according to the Infomax theory,this new algorithm applied circulation related functions and circulating frequency into the separation matrix optimization to achieve the optimum blind separation.Compared the new algorithm with the traditional Infomax separation algo-rithm,the simulation results shown that the new algorithm convergent faster and has better convergence precision.


In this paper, we have discussed the meaning, advantages and challenges of E- Learning. It also includes different ways through which E- Learning is being implemented. In this era of modernisation, digitalisation has become a necessity, education being no short of this. With the outbreak of E-Learning, a big reform can be seen in educational standards. Students are provided with a new option and are able to understand the things in a better way. They can access information from anywhere. Instructors and teachers also have a new media by virtue of which they can deliver in a better way. But every new method comes up with certain challenges. So, basically we have tried to figure out importance of E- Learning and challenges it is facing, so that it can become a boon to society rather than just becoming a curse.


A new species of Pinguicula from the state of Tamaulipas, northeastern México is described and illustrated: Pinguicula pilosa (subgen. Isoloba). This new species shows affinity with P. agnata Casper from the section Agnata, and differences in both floral and foliage features are discussed.


Developing and utilizing English curricula resource proved the fundamental condition ensuring execution of new courses.To exploit and utilize the curricula rest on the multifunctional exertion and integrate informative resource on the network and promote vigorous self-research mode to create and construct campus environment favorable for English learning by developing abundant linguistic practical activities.


Mould filling simulation in high pressure die casting has been an attractive area of research for many years. Several numerical methodologies have been attempted in the past to study the flow behaviour of the molten metal into the die cavities. However, many of these methods require a stationary mesh or grid which limits their ability in simulating highly dynamic and transient flows encountered in high pressure die casting processes. In recent years, the advent of meshfree methods have expanded the capabilities of numerical techniques. Hence, these methods have emerged as an attractive alternative for modelling mould filling simulation in pressure die casting processes. In the present work, a Lagrangian particle method called corrected smooth particle hydrodynamics (CSPH) is used to simulate fluid flow in the high pressure die casting cavity. This paper mainly focuses on deriving the fundamental governing equations based on a variational formulation and presents a number of mould filling examples to demonstrate the capabilities of the CSPH numerical model.


This contribution examines whether and how the age of transition into retirement influences mortality. Many factors can be important for he correlation between age at retirement and mortality: the degree of stress at the workplace, for instance, or individual behaviour after retirement that is either conducive or detrimental to health. An evaluation of Norwegian data shows that an early retirement age entails a higher mortality risk than is the case for later retirement. This means that later retirement does not only improve the ratio of the number of economically active to the inactive and hence reduce the burden of social insurance systems, it may also raise the life expectancy of the total population.


Background and definitions: Image content information (ICI) comprises the information that an external observer can extract solely from the image itself, i.e., without additional notifications (labels, classification, etc.). Image analysis is the procedure to extract meaningful information from the image. It is an important issue in digital pathology and the prerequisite to implement algorithms of diagnosis assistance. Meaningful information (IMI) comprises the information which the observer can understand or which is transformed into an information related reaction. It corresponds to regions of interest (ROI). Pixel and gray value create all information of a digitized image. The spatial distribution of pixel gray values is called texture. Objects are externally defined pixel clusters; their spatial distribution forms a structure.Living organisms are limited spatially circumscribed systems which are included in external environment and possess an unstable inner volume. Development and limited stability of these open thermodynamic systems are guaranteed by their environment and additional not overlapping inner equivalent systems, which build the so - called hierarchically order of structures. Interaction between objects might alter appearance, development, appearance of new or disappearance of existing objects. The interactions are commonly called functions. They are equivalent to communication and based upon different 'carriers' such as electromagnetic signals, macromolecules, salt concentrations, etc.Detection and description of structures depend upon the observer time. The application of visible macromolecules which bind to boundaries of structures might detect and forecast changes of the boundaries, i.e. structures. The intensity of the visibility and its distribution reflect to the thermodynamic affinity.  Detailed analysis of gray value intensities might allow an insight in thermodynamic properties of structures.Context is defined as information which can be derived from and added to object and structure related information, and, vice versa, might be applied to predefine the observer information capability which is needed to understand the 'meaning' of an image, or to select the most capable observer.Perspectives: The described algorithm is an appropriate tool to combine computerized image content information with its computerized 'observer' system. It will be able to measure, acquire, understand and to transfer image content information in an adequate reaction, i.e. diagnosis.
 Tuberculosis
Fibrosis


attitudes to life, etc., which is brought about by &dquo; disgrace,&dquo; which is in effect a measure of excommunication (h) the strength of the various incentives to accept an anti-social position, and (c) the danger on the one hand of conducting relationships to the patient on an entirely &dquo; official &dquo; and practical basis (which will be without any effect upon character) and, on the other hand, of fostering an affective dependence in the probationer and of the officer tacitly accepting and acting upon the position of superiority which circumstances force upon him. The objective of the treatment of delinquency must be to lead the patient to the experience and appreciation of good-fellowship, and the nonreciprocal relationship of tutelage interposes many subtle pitfalls in the path.


This report summarizes the drop tower testing of initially circular straight aluminum tubes that had been hydroformed to a square section with round corners. Drop tower test conditions and test setup were determined for the AlMg3.5Mn aluminum alloy circular (76.2 mm outside diameter) tubes of either 2.0 or 3.5 mm thickness, which had been hydroformed into a square tube with corner radii of 38.1 (unformed), 33, 30, 27 and 24 mm. To initiate test setup, theoretical equations were found to be reasonable indicators of displacement and load cell requirements. Four-lobe symmetric modes were found for the square tubes, and three-lobe asymmetric modes for the circular tubes. The number of folding half-waves of seven for 3.5 mm tubes, and thirteen for 2 mm tubes, was generally overpredicted by theory. Aluminum end plates that were welded onto the tube ends allowed for fast test setup, but may have resulted in some sliding and tipping of the drop tower. The tubes were found to have decreasing average crush force with smaller corner radii, esp. for the 3.5 mm thick tubes.Copyright © 2007 by General Motors


In the present study, Venlafaxine was chosen as a model drug which is a Anti-Depressant. Because of its short life (5-11hr) and its high water solubility it was chosen as a suitable candidate for sustain matrix tablet formulation. It was formulated in to matrix tablet using hydrophilic polymer such as HPMC, Eudragit RS100, and Ethyl cellulose as releases retardants. All the precompressional parameters were found to be within the standard limits. Tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, thickness, drug content, in-Vitro release, swelling and stability studies. The effect of polymer concentration binary polymer mixture and wet granulation method on drug release profile was studied. It was absorbed that the type of polymer and its concentration has influence the drug release from matrix tablet. Matrix tablet content a blend of HPMC and ethyl cellulose successfully sustained the release of Venlafaxine for a period of 17hr. Precompressional parameter indicated that granules used for preparing tablets with free flowing. Post-copmressional parameters were within the acceptable limit. The concentration of Venlafaxine was kept constant, lactose used as filler. The sustained release from ethyl cellulose and HPMC was due to interaction between ethylcellulose chain ionic polymer and HPMC chain, nonionic polymer, which resulted in favorable increase in the water uptake capacity and gel viscosity, leading to better control over the release of Venlafaxine F4 showed the sustained release of Venlafaxine as desired. The study revealed that the ethyl cellulose and HPMC can be used for the formulation of sustained release matrix tablet of Venlafaxine.


A simple high frequency characterization technique extended from DC disk erasure is presented to measure the write field degradation for frequencies up to 500 Mfc/s (250 MHz) on plated NiFe and sputtered laminated FeN heads. The results show that eddy currents appear to be the main cause for high frequency write field degradation. Overwrite recording measurements, which may be used to approximate the non-linear write effects, also indicate that FeN heads, despite low efficiency, may be adequate for writing up to 100 MHz on a disk with a coercivity of 2500 Oe. This disk is capable of supporting 5-10 Gb/in/sup 2/ densities.


processes which tend to weaken or damage the walls of the arteries, and moreover we have cardiac and kidney lesions which tend increase the tension of blood in the vessels and lead to cerebral htemorrhage. The infant brain has the advantages which an immunity from degenerative changes consequent on wear and tear bring, and the disadvantages of immaturity, for the vessels of pia mater are exceedingly delicate, and readily allow of oozing through their walls, while the brain substance is wanting in firmness and easily damaged. MIoreover, damage to a brain as yet partially developed is likely to effect greater mischief in


We report measurements of trigonometric parallaxes for six high-mass star-forming regions in the Scutum spiral arm of the Milky Way as part of the BeSSeL Survey. Combining our measurements with 10 previous measurements from the BeSSeL Survey yields a total sample of 16 sources in the Scutum arm with trigonometric parallaxes in the Galactic longitude range from 5° to 32°. Assuming a logarithmic spiral model, we estimate a pitch angle of 19.°8 ± 3.°1 for the Scutum arm, which is larger than pitch angles reported for other spiral arms. The high pitch angle of the arm may be due to the arm's proximity to the Galactic bar. The Scutum arm sources show an average peculiar motion of 4 km s−1 slower than the Galactic rotation and 8 km s−1 toward the Galactic center. While the direction of this non-circular motion has the same sign as determined for sources in other spiral arms, the motion toward the Galactic center is greater for the Scutum arm sources.


During fabrication of semiconductor devices, the stresses on a silicon substrate sometimes cause dislocations and worsen the electric characteristics of the device. Therefore, a dislocation-free fabrication process needs to be developed to improve reliability. In this paper, a process design method using stress singularity parameters (K and λ) is proposed. In order to prevent the dislocation generation, the process parameters, such as the device structure, materials and process temperatures, are set to keep the stress singularity parameters (K and λ) under the critical values of dislocation generation Kdc. These parameters are predicted using FEM method considering the internal stress of thin films. The process design was applied to a bipolar transistor and a MOS transistor and the experimental results agreed very well with the prediction. It was confirmed that this new process design method is effective in improving device reliabirity.


The problem of residual stresses due to arbitrary plastic regions located in an elastic, isotropic half-space is solved using a refined numerical method based on the mirror image solution of the inclusion problem. The algorithm strength consists in implementation of 3-dimensional multi-summation schemes based on the convolution / correlation theorems. The computational complexity of the newly proposed method is lower than existing 2-dimensional formulations, making it particularly interesting for integration in elastic-plastic contact solvers, where the problem of residual stresses, which has to be solved repeatedly in a multi-level iterative process, occupies most of the computational resources. Program validation is achieved against closed-form solutions for spherical uniform dilatational strains. An extension is attempted to the case of plastic strains symmetrically distributed in a thin elastic layer, based on recent results concerning a Boussinesqtype problem for the thin layer.


In the apparatus for manufacturing a cutting pattern blocks and the sheet-like aperture in the workpiece, the frame (12) having a support surface (4) mounted thereon, at least one layer for carrying the workpiece. Bracket (18) connected to the frame, in response to the controller (21) issues a command to the frame moves back and forth along a first coordinate direction. The cutting head (20) mounted to the bracket and moves in a second coordinate direction approximately perpendicular to the first coordinate direction along the stent. Rotary die (30) is connected to the cutting head, and at least one cutting tool is mounted to the rotary die. The cutting tool comprises a shape corresponding to the aperture on the workpiece to be shaped cut portions is formed. During operation, the rotatable die can be moved between a working position and the inoperative position, wherein the cutting tool in the work position engaging said workpiece, said die away from the workpiece rotation in a non-operative position.


A two-dimensional dispersion analysis of the recently proposed Chen finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm is presented and its properties evaluated. The dispersion properties of this scheme vary with respect to propagation angle, Courant stability factor, and the definition of numerical characteristic impedance. These dispersion characteristics can be used to identify parameters that make the Chen algorithm equivalent to the Yee FDTD algorithm.<<ETX>>


Introduction: Thermodynamic conditions prevailing on Mars favour clathrate formation from near subsurface to deep down in the cryosphere (until several kilometers deep) [5] and kinetics experiments [4] showed that their dissociation, initiated by a change in temperature, pressure or composition of the reservoir, is a feasible mechanism for near-surface methane release on Mars. The depth and thickness of clathrate stability zone (CSZ) in the subsurface depend on many factors such as thermal state and composition of the crust, heat flow, average surface temperature, confining pressure and salinity of the water involved in clathrate formation. Water diffusion from the regolith plays a role in clathrate destabilization. Indeed, loss of shallow ice eliminates overburden pressure and initiates clathrate dissociation and the release of the trapped gas. In addition, the presence of water ice in the pores affects gas diffusion through the regolith. In this work, the water vapour transport in the martian subsurface and near-surface ice evolution (ice redistribution and porosity changes) are investigated using a 1D diffusive model and the different subsurface properties that influence water ice and methane clathrate stability such as thermal inertia or local heat flow are discussed.


We have studied the variability of the CA repeats in HVIII region of mitochondrial DNA among 60 unrelated Muslims of Srirangapatna town, Karnataka state in South India. MtDNA HVIII region was amplified and sequenced by Sanger sequencing method. A total of four alleles [(CA) 4 to (CA) 7 ] were detected and (CA) 5 rCRS repeat was the most frequently defined repeat followed by (CA) 4 28%, (CA) 6 16%, (CA) 7 15%. A statistical estimate indicated a high genetic diversity of 0.7218 and a low random mach probability of 0.2903, and the discrimination power calculated was 0.7097. Compared with those obtained in other explored world populations our data support the significance application of HVIII CA repeat polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA in the genetic differentiation of human populations and forensic investigation casework. Keywords: Mitochondrial, HVIII, (CA) n repeats, Muslim, South India


The acid-catalyzed condensation of either 2-ethoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran or pentanedial (glutaraldehyde) with ammonium-15N chloride in the presence of methylene blue is a convenient one-step synthesis of pyridine-15N.


Abstract The latest military actions carried out at global level have highlighted, besides the number, the quality and diversity of the participants in the multinational operations and the differences, not at all negligible, regarding the capabilities of these actors to participate in military actions characterized by a high technical level and technologically, but not only. One of the areas that generated a real lack of standardization, with obvious impact on the operational compatibility of the various participants was that of communications and informatics and, implicitly, of the insurmountable differences between different information subsystems as parts of the information systems of the multinational operations. From this perspective, it became evident that the performance of each participant in the military actions of a multinational character was and we consider that it will be permanently conferred by their technical ability to cope with the information avalanche and to integrate into the information system of the mission.


Compact neutron sources are good tools for neutron sci- entist. In this paper we will present the current situation of compact accelerator-driven neutron source and the status of the facility of Nagoya University. SNS,andISIS.Thesetwomethodshavegoodneutronemis- sion efficiency. Photonuclear reaction and low energy pro- ton (or deuteron) reaction are using at compact neutron sources. The other neutron emission methods are fusion reaction and radioisotope. These two methods are lower neutron flux than the other methods in the laboratory use. In CANS, neutron emission efficiency is not so high and neutron flux is lower than that of large facilities. In order to compensate the neutron flux, these reactions require the incident beam intensity. One solution is increase duty ratio by using cyclotron or electro static accelerator. However, it is not suitable for the case of pulse imaging method, which need neutron TOF(time of flight) information. In this case, we have to try to increase the peak current by using linear accelerator. In these way, we have to select the suitable ac- celeration beam properties. The incident beam energy is also important for CANS. High incident beam energy increasing the accelerator and radiationshieldsize,andalsoincreasetheconstructioncost. Ontheotherside, thelowenergybeamdecreasetheneutron emission efficiency. The relation between incident beam energy and neutron emission is written in elsewhere (1). The selection of beam energy and target should be carried out carefully. In less than 2 MeV region, the deuteron beam is only useful for CANS. But the moderation efficiency in eq. (1) is not so good because of the emitted neutron av- erage energy is more than one MeV. In 2 - 5MeV region, proton beam and Li target is suitable for CANS, however Li target is difficult to use, and second solution is Be target (2). In more than 5 MeV region, Be target is suitable (3).


Purpose Patients with Type 1 Boston KPRO require the use of a contact lens to avoid complications of drying of the corneal tissue surrounding the KPro. Additionally, these patients require chronic use of topical antibiotics to reduce the ever-present risk of endophthalmitis. This may promote the growth resistant organisms. The purpose of this study is to perform surveillance cultures of contact lenses of KPro patients to determine if organism growth may be detected prior to clinical presentation of infection.

Methods Cultures of contact lenses from Boston KPro type 1 patients were performed. All patients were maintained on a prophylactic antibiotic regimen including vancomycin. All contact lenses were removed 1 week to 1 month after insertion. Removal prior to 1 month was necessary when excessive protein deposits were noted on the lens. Lenses were removed cultured and analyzed under electron microscopy.

Results 45 patients with a KPro implanted in the last 18 months, the lenses of 15 patients were analyzed in the above manner. These 15 patients had various conditions including Stevens Johnson Syndrome, chemical burns, keratoconus, and multiple graft failures. Of the 15 lenses analyzed, one patient had cultures positive for streptococcus pneumonia, consistent with the patient's presentation of endophthalmitis. Three had cultures positive for coagulase negative staphylococcus although they did not present with any signs or symptoms of infection.

Conclusion Surveillance cultures appear to be an effective way to monitor the contact lenses of Boston KPro patients for possible organism growth. The detection of these organisms prior to the clinical presentation of infection could serve as a signal to change the patient's antibiotic regimen.


We introduce a new approach to named entity classification which we term a Priority Model. We also describe the construction of a semantic database called SemCat consisting of a large number of semantically categorized names relevant to biomedicine. We used SemCat as training data to investigate name classification techniques. We generated a statistical language model and probabilistic context-free grammars for gene and protein name classification, and compared the results with the new model. For all three methods, we used a variable order Markov model to predict the nature of strings not represented in the training data. The Priority Model achieves an F-measure of 0.958--0.960, consistently higher than the statistical language model and probabilistic context-free grammar.


Malignant mesothelioma occurred in 2 young men after exposure to asbestos. In one patient, pleural plaques were of diagnostic importance. The patient was incidentally exposed to asbestos from the clothing of his father, who was an asbestos worker. In the other patient, chrysotile asbestos was probably the carcinogen. The importance of clinical and radiographic observation of those in personal contact with workers in the asbestos industry and the important part played by all types of asbestos dust in the production of malignancy are stressed.


Single motor units of the cat's inferior oblique muscle were isolated by partial denervation of the muscle and threshold stimulation of split motor nerve filaments. With electrical tests singly innervated (SI) units, multiply innervated conducting (MIC) units and multiply innervated non-conducting (MIXC) units could be differentiated. SI units conducted impulse activity faster (2.93 m/s) than MIC units (1.72 m/s). Singly innervated units contracted faster than multiply innervated units. Fusion frequency was found the most useful parameter for a mechanical separation; most SI units fused above 200 pps, most MIC units between 100 and 200 pps and the MIXC units below 100 pps. Tetanic tension was higher in fast (SI) than in slow (MIC and MIXC) units, but there was a considerable overlap. The range for the whole material was 25–425 mg. In fast units fusion fequency and the rate of stimulation for maximal tetanic tension coincided. In slow units maximal tetanic tension was reached at stimulus rates of 150–200 pps irrespective of the fusion frequency of the unit. Resistance to fatigue was high in the slow units and in the majority of the fast units.

The contractile properties fit into the motor unit activity pattern determined through motoneuron recordings in alert animals.


Heavy metals usually distribute heterogeneously in the real environment. A controlled glasshouse experiment was conducted to explore the effects of heterogeneous Pb stress on root growth and biomass allocation of Pogonatherum crinitum, a Pb hyperaccumulator first found by our research group. There were 6 heterogeneous Pb stress treatments with 5 replicates. The root length, root volume, root surface area, average root diameter and plant biomass were examined. Root length, root volume and root surface area but not root diameter were significantly influenced by Pb stress. The root length, root volume and surface area of Pogonatherum crinitum increased gradually with Pb concentrations in both Pb stress and no Pb patches, with greater increases in the later than in the former. The root-shoot ratio initially increased and then decreased as Pb concentrations increased, indicating that Pogonatherum crinitum allocated more biomass to the roots under low Pb stress, but more to the shoots under high Pb stress.


The utility model relates to an LCD (liquid crystal display) with incoming light adjustable. The LCD comprises a backlight module, wherein the backlight module comprises a light guide plate and an LED module arranged on one side surface of the light guide plate; the LED module comprises LED lamps and lenses, the lenses are located between the LED lamps and the light guide plate, holes for accommodating the LED lamps are formed in one side, close to the LED lamps, of the light guide plate, one end surface of each hole dents inwards to form a concave curve surface, light emitted by the LED lamps is focused by the lenses to form parallel light, and the parallel light is diffused by the concave curve surfaces and emitted into the light guide plate. According to the LCD, the lenses and an adjustable condensation module are arranged, so that the light is homogenized in the light guide plate and is relatively focused when emitted into human eyes, the light utilization rate is high, light energy is saved, and the cost is reduced.


The study of the propagation of axially symmetric cross-spectral densities is of particular interest within the framework of Wolf's new theory of partial coherence [ J. Opt. Soc. Am.72, 343 ( 1982); J. Opt. Soc. Am. A3, 1920 ( 1986)]. We deal with a mathematical method of computing an axially symmetric cross-spectral density in a plane, at a distance z from the source plane, as a linear combination of a finite number of its values in the source plane. In previous applications to the propagation of optical disturbances, this method has already been proved to be accurate and suitable for computer implementation.


Since the late 1970s, technical communication scholars and teachers have largely agreed that technical communication's humanistic character can be found in the field's rhetorical nature and the social nature of discourse. Building on Patrick Moore's efforts to rehabilitate "instrumental discourse" in the face of such general consensus, this essay argues that such notions of technical communication's humanistic character, although unquestionably groundbreaking and crucial to the field's sense of self and mission, remain too deeply indebted to traditional academic humanities' and English studies' constructions of humanistic purview, which largely refuse to accommodate technology, especially physical technology artifacts. Considering alternatives that recast the technology-humanities relationship and situate technology within a humanistic framework can yield benefits for both technical communication and English studies broadly construed.


This essay tried to analyze the effects of the native language transfer in college English teaching.It illustrated that the native language transfer could give positive effects and negative effects in college English teaching,based on the author's teaching experience.It also explained how to use the effects to help students study English.


Abstract A detailed stratigraphical, palaeoecological and geomorphological reconstruction of a fjord head on South Georgia (Husvik, Stromness Bay) is presented. Six sites were chosen to reconstruct the lithostratigraphy of the area by means of coring. A maximum depth of 11 m was attained and the sediments encountered vary from coarse gravel over sands to fine silts with, in some cases, intercalated peat layers. Diatom analysis allowed determination of whether the sedimentological units were deposited in a marine or freshwater environment. Six radiocarbon dates constrain the chronology. Deglaciation of the area was completed in the early Holocene and the postglacial geomorphological evolution of Husdal (unofficial name) was controlled by fluvio-deltaic deposition and sea level changes. Relative sea level rise was faster than, or kept pace with the isostatic rebound of the land. Our results challenge the presence of Late Glacial and Holocene raised beach deposits in the area as reported in earlier geomorphological studies.


Background/purpose: Combination of dental titanium implants with other prosthetic metallic components may lead to metal ion release that increases the risk of adverse reactions in patients. The present study therefore aimed to determine in vitro metal ion dissolution from different alloy combinations. Materials and methods: Dental alloys were subjected to a lactic acid immersion test together with titanium implants and matched with controls. Between day 1 and 38, open direct current potentials (DCP) between the samples and the electrolyte were recorded and metal dissociation inside the electrolyte was assessed using ICP-MS. Results: Absolute DCPs of the different alloys increased significantly (p<0.001) from 100-150mV to 490-580 mV within the first two weeks of immersion, dropping to about 450mV later on largely independent of the material. Titanium showed highest dissociation rates (2.00-12.06µg/cm2 per day; p=0.0002); all other components demonstrated poor corrosive dissolution (<0.6µg/cm2 per day). After immersion of 38 days, titanium still yielded high dissociation (0.64-1.38µg/cm2 per day) for all test groups. Presence of fine gold inside the electrolyte significantly increased dissociation of titanium (p=0.027). Dissociation of iron indicated contamination from tool components used for implant production. Optical examination of non-precious metal surfaces showed no corrosive discoloration after 5 or 26 weeks of lactic acid immersion. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, there is no objection against the use of non-precious alloys for the fabrication of components and prostheses supported on titanium implants if gold is not present inside the same electrolyte.


Dynamical examination of contents of the observed natural radionuclides in prime foodstuffs demonstrated their relative stability. Generally, Pb and Ra specific activities in foodstuffs depend upon the food type and options of agriculture management. Many-year researches show that average specific activities of Pb and Ra for different foodstuffs vary over the range 0.04-0.15 Bq/kg and 0.02-0.08 Bq/kg. Soil dependence of Pb and Ra contents in foodstuffs has not been revealed. Taking into account the food patterns of the Russian population, the highest intake of Pb and Ra is due to ingestion of bread, meat and drinking water. Annual effective internal doses are about 50 μSv/a.


UNLABELLED
We divided the experimental animals into two groups.

CONTROL GROUP
ACI rat PTG was transplanted into the renal subcapsulae of F344 rats. Experimental group: ACI rat PTG was transplanted into the ventriculus lateralis of F344 rats. The results show that a statistically significant difference in mean allograft survival times existed between the two groups.


The development of L-band (∼1.2GHz) frequency EPR spectrometers has made feasible many in vivo studies in laboratory animals and, recently, in human volunteers. The lower dielectric and eddy current losses that occur at L-band balance the lower Zeeman splitting so useful measurements can be made in conductive aqueous samples. We describe typical resonators used in such studies and provide details on the construction of the spectrometer, including the bridge, the automatic frequency control subsystem, the low-noise high-stability tunable L-band frequency source, as well as the low-frequency components—the signal receiver and the modulation unit. The application of EPR spectroscopy to larger subjects requires special care in the design of an appropriate magnet with sufficient homogeneity and stability, yet with dimensions that allow operation with a wide range of subject sizes. We describe our solution, which involves a permanent magnet, air-core scan coils to provide the field sweep and offset, and field s...


The technology of biological nitrogen removal by nitrosification denitrification(ND),which has been developing a few years,is the combination between the oxidation of ammonia and the deoxidation of nitrite.In terms of ecological factors,the development of ecological factors(biological factors and abiological factors) for the ND system was summarized.Moreover,the future application prospect and further study trend of aerobic denitrification were proposed.


Ultraluminous and luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs and LIRGs) are the most extreme star-forming galaxies in the universe and dominate the total star formation rate density at z > 1. In the local universe (z < 0.3), the majority of ULIRGs and a significant portion of LIRGs are triggered by interactions between gas-rich spiral galaxies, yet it is unclear if this is still the case at high z. To investigate the relative importance of galaxy interactions in infrared luminous galaxies, we carry out a comparison of optical morphological properties between local (U)LIRGs and (U)LIRGs at z = 0.5–1.5 based on the same sample selection, morphology classification scheme, and optical morphology at similar rest-frame wavelengths. In addition, we quantify the systematics in comparing local and high-z data sets by constructing a redshifted data set from local (U)LIRGs, in which its data quality mimics the high-z data set. Based on the Gini–M20 classification scheme, we find that the fraction of interacting systems decreases by ∼8% from local to z ≲ 1, and it is consistent with the reduction between local and redshifted data sets (). Based on visual classifications, the merger fraction of local ULIRGs is found to be ∼20% lower compared to published results, and the reduction due to redshifting is . Consequently, the differences of merger fractions between local and z ≲ 1 (U)LIRGs is only ∼17%. These results demonstrate that there is no strong evolution in the fraction of (U)LIRGs classified as mergers at least out to z ∼ 1. At z > 1, the morphology types of ∼30% of (U)LIRGs cannot be determined due to their faintness in the F814W band; thus, the merger fraction measured at z > 1 suffers from large uncertainties.


The general objective was to determine the potential of amorphous metallic thin films as a means of improving the stability of metallic contacts to a silicon substrate. The specific objective pursued was to determine the role of nitrogen in the formation and the resulting properties of amorphous thin-film diffusion barriers. Amorphous metallic films are attractive as diffusion barriers because of the low atomic diffusivity in these materials. Previous investigations revealed that in meeting this condition alone, good diffusion barriers are not necessarily obtained, because amorphous films can react with an adjacent medium (e.g., Si, Al) before they recrystallize. In the case of a silicon single-crystalline substrate, correlation exists between the temperature at which an amorphous metallic binary thin film reacts and the temperatures at which the films made of the same two metallic elements react individually. Amorphous binary films made of Zr and W were investigated. Both react with Si individually only at elevated temperatures. It was confirmed that such films react with Si only above 700 C when annealed in vacuum for 30 min. Amorphous W-N films were also investigated. They are more stable as barriers between Al and Si than polycrystalline W. Nitrogen effectively prevents the W-Al reaction that sets in at 500 C with polycrystalline W.


Two potentially treatable disorders, paraneoplastic catatonia and paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis, may be hidden within th e presentation of end stage cancer patients, because catatonia and limbic encephalitis usually feature severely altered mental status, confusion, anorexia, and minimal responsiveness that are also common with people dying of cancer. If catatonia and limbic encephalitis are correctly diagnosed and treated, there should be definite and dramatic improvement that would translate into better quality of life and perhaps even resumption of cancer therapy. This editorial reviews basic features of catatonia and limbic encephalitis, and then presents a strategy to systematically screen for these in end stage cancer patients w ho are about to ente r Abstract Two potentially treatable disorders, paraneoplastic catatonia and paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis, may be hidden within th e presentation of end stage cancer patients, because catatonia and limbic encephalitis usually feature severely altered mental status, confusion, anorexia, and minimal responsiveness that are also common with people dying of cancer. If catatonia and limbic encephalitis are correctly diagnosed and treated, there should be definite and dramatic improvement that would translate into better quality of life and perhaps even resumption of cancer therapy. This editorial reviews basic features of catatonia and limbic encephalitis, and then presents a strategy to systematically screen for these in end stage cancer patients w ho are about to ente r Abstract Two potentially treatable disorders, paraneoplastic catatonia and paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis, may be hidden within th e presentation of end stage cancer patients, because catatonia and limbic encephalitis usually feature severely altered mental status, confusion, anorexia, and minimal responsiveness that are also common with people dying of cancer. If catatonia and limbic encephalitis are correctly diagnosed and treated, there should be definite and dramatic improvement that would translate into better quality of life and perhaps even resumption of cancer therapy. This editorial reviews basic features of catatonia and limbic encephalitis, and then presents a strategy to systematically screen for these in end stage cancer patients w ho are about to ente r


Foreign body impaction in the esophagus is an important emergency that carries significant morbidity and potential mortality. Essential steps in the management include: immediate assessment of the airway, assessment of the urgency of removal, radiological evaluation to localize the object, endoscopic or surgical retrieval, and subsequent monitoring for complications. We present a retrospective analysis of 17 patients with esophageal impaction of foreign body in a single-institution. Dysphagia was the most common presentation occurring in 13 out of the 17 patients (76.4%), followed by throat and neck pain. Rigid esophagoscopy was used in 6 cases (35%) and the rest of the foreign bodies were retrieved using the flexible endoscopy. Overall, flexible endoscopy is an adequate technique for retrieval of impacted foreign objects in the esophagus. However; upfront rigid esophagoscope should be considered from the start to avoid failed and repeated attempts using flexible scope. Predictors for using rigid esophagoscope include: days the object has been in the esophagus, size of the foreign body, sharp objects, and evidence of perforation in CT scan like gas bubbles and esophageal wall thickening.


Recent researches on autonomous driving of vehicles are becoming very active, and it is a trend to assist safe driving and improve driver's convenience. Autonomous vehicles are required to combine artificial intelligence, image recognition capability, and Internet communication between objects. Because mobile telecommunication networks have limitations in their processing, they can be easily implemented and scale using an easily expandable Wi-Fi network. We propose a wireless design method to construct such a vehicle control network. We propose the arrangement of AP and the software configuration method to minimize loss of data transmission / reception of mobile terminal. Through the design of the proposed network system, the communication performance of the moving vehicle can be dramatically increased. We also verify the packet structure of GPS, video, voice, and data communication that can be used for the vehicle through experiments on the movement of various terminal devices. This wireless design technology can be extended to various general purpose wireless networks such as 2.4GHz, 5GHz and 10GHz Wi-Fi. It is also possible to link wireless intelligent road network with autonomous driving.


The effect of Electro-convulsive Shock (ECS) therapy on the retarded shock-escape acquisition following pretreatment with inescapable underwater exposure was examined. Three groups of 20 rats each served as subjects. The experimental animals (IW) were placed in a restraining device and given 40, 10 second, submersion trials of inescapable underwater exposure. A second group of animals (R) was simply restrained for the same time period as the IW group, but were not submerged. A third group of animals (N) was given no pretreatment. Twenty-four hours later (day 1) all animals were tested for shock escape in a two-way shuttle box for 25 trials. Immediately following test, half of the animals in each group received a single ECS treatment (ECS group) of 40 mA. for one second. The other half received no ECS treatment (NECS group). Twenty-four hours after treatment (day 2), the six groups (IW-ECS, IW-NECS, R-ECS, R-HECS, N-ECS, and N-NECS) were again tested for shock escape in the two-way shuttle box. On day 1, the IW group was significantly slower


THE fifth annual meeting of this Society was held at Limmer's Hotel, Conduit Street, on October 218t, Mr. G. H. BAILEY, President, in the chair. The reports of the Council and Treasurer described the condition of the Society as prosperous. The following officers for the coming year were elected:-President: Dr. Dudley W. Buxton. Treasurer: Mr. Joseph White. Members of Council: Mr. C. Carter Braine, Mr. Theodore G. Burns, Mr. Alexander Wilson (Manchester). Secretaries: Mr. E. A. Starling (Tunbridge Wells), Mr. R. Turle (Bakewell). Auditors: Mr. Edgar Willett; Mr. Sydney Rumboll (Leeds). The new PRESIDENT, thereupon, took the chair, and proposed a vote of thanks to the outgoing President, who had held office for two years. Dr. SILK beconded the resolution, which was carried unanimously; and Mr. BAILEY returned thanks. Another cordial vote of thanks was voted to the exSecretary, Mr. C. Carter Braine, who duly responded. A dinner, well attended by members and their guests, afterwards took place, under the chairmanship of Dr. DUDLEY BUXTON. Letters had been received from the Presidents of the Royal Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons, regretting their inability to be present. Mr. CHRISTOPHER HEATH, in proposing the toast of the evening, "The Society of Anesthetists," said that in the present day surgeons were so accustomed to anesthesia that they could hardly imagine the condition of things in the operating theatre before anasthetics existed. But sixty years ago the only preparation made for an operation was to administer a stiff glass of brandy and water to the patient, whilst the surgeon often had a similar glass, for the patient had to screw his courage up, and the surgeon also. Nor was any operation done unless it was quite necessary in order to save life. Robert Liston invented the flap operation because it could be done rapidly, and the patient thus be saved some suffering. All testimony showed that the shrieks from the operation theatre, especially when an operation had to be done at night, were dreadful; and the surgeons brought up in this rough school were also rough. Now surgeons were refined, and ladies could attend operations, as there were no shrieks nor pains. Ansesthetics had lulled all such. It had lately been stated that anmesthetics were used in the Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1842, and the evidence seemed fairly conclusive. But as far as was known here Morton was the real introducer of ether in I846, and in December of that year Liston used it in London. Mr. Heath remembered Snow, who was probably the first anaesthetist in this country. He worked out the subject from a scientific point of view, and constantly administered anaesthetics for Sir William Fergusson, and kept calm and cool under all emergencies. He had never seen a fatality occur under his administration. The surgical part of the profession owed a deep debt of gratitude to ansesthetists. The surgeon could do his work all the better if quite at ease as to the anaesthetic. A few times in the country it had occurred to him that a practitioner not accustomed to anEesthetics had offered to give chloroform to the patient. This was apt to mean that the surgeon gave the anesthetic and did the operation too, a double duty which should not be imposed on anyone. The skilled anaesthetist attended to the anaesthesia, and not to the operation nor the surgeon; but left the surgeon to proceed in peace. He was glad to hear the Society numbered 50 members. Surgery was advancing, and he supposed anaesthetists were also progressing in numbers. The CHAIRMAN, in reply, said that that Society was not superfluous; its members filled a niche which would otherwise be vacant. He hoped their numbers, however, were not more numerous than the wants of society required. Each anaesthetist must keep himself abreast of the day in science, otherwise he would inevitably lose his position. He must, in fact, be a master in his calling. Speaking of the coming conversazione on November i8th, he said that in November, I847, Simpsdn introduced chloroform into practice in Great Britain, and that-without reference to what had passed before then in America-was the date on which they would be celebrating the jubilee next month. It was better for the'm not to have a rival demonstration to that in America last year, which celebrated the introduction of ether into that continent. Mr. JOSEPH WHITE proposed " The Visitors." Mr. PEARCE GOULD, in replying, said that there was every sympathy between surgeons and anmesthetists ; each was incomplete without the other. They were working together every day of their lives; and surgeons owed much to the skill of the anesthetists. It should be their endeavour to raise the standard of education of every student, so that everyone should leave his hospital more or less a skilled anmesthetist. The health of " The President " was proposed by Mr. G. H. BAILEY; that of Mr. 0. 0. Braine (" The Secretary" to the dinner) by Mr. S. RUMBOLL of Leeds. Some humorous songs were rendered by Mr. H. Schartau; Miss L. Johnstone also sang, and Mr. and Mrs. F. Upton gave short scenes and recitations.


The ethical education of citizens is a problem of worldwide importance.Considering the major problems existing in the ethical reconstruction of Chinese people,such as the twist of personal moral integrity,the unconcerned attitude toward society,the lose of social morality,the auther lists a few points in the ethical education of Chinese citizen as follows:foster the consciousness of citizenship (including consciousness of equality,of master,of rights and responsibilities),foster public moral attitude of respecting other people,respecting rights and respecting the rules of social life,foster the sense of responsibilities of citizens,strengthen the education of traditional national morality,and then puts forward forms and ways of ethical education of Chinese citizens. [


Background: The risk of acquiring nosocomial infections is high among hospitalised patients in developing countries. Exposure to hospital workers and medical students also renders them susceptible to these infections. Knowledge of control measures by these students is thus pertinent for both self-protection and limitation of infection spread. Aim: The study was aimed to assess the knowledge of medical students in a Nigerian tertiary hospital of the control measures for nosocomial infections. Methods: A cross- sectional study was conducted among medical students in Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (FETHA), south-east; Nigeria between January and June 2016. A 20-item structured, infection-control standardised questionnaires were administered to 221 students selected by systematic random sampling. The collected data were analysed for descriptive statistics using SPSS software package version 20 (IBM SPSS). The differences in proportions were tested for statistical significance using the Chi-square test. Statistical significance was based on p-value <0.05. Results: Of the 221 medical students who participated in the study, the majority (62.9%) were males with a male: female ratio of 1.7: 1. The age range of the participants was between 19 and 50 years with a mean age of 24.98 ± 3.46. Approximately 96.0% and 68.3% of the study respondents had adequate knowledge of nosocomial infections and adequate knowledge of control measures respectively. The knowledge of these infections and their control measures as well as the practice of these measures were significantly influenced by the age and the academic level of the respondents (p= 0.001). Conclusion: Higher-level medical students appear to be more conversant with the concept of nosocomial infections and their control measures. There is a need to initiate the subject early enough in the school curriculum as well as institute formal training. Establishment of strict rules is also necessary which will guide implementation of nosocomial infection control measures.


Recent years have seen considerable increase in activities related to 5G definition and associated research. While a number of novel use cases and services are being contemplated, there is consensus that data demand will continue to grow, putting further pressure on already congested spectrum. Millimeter-wave bands have been cited as having the potential to alleviate some of this pressure. This talk will cover the opportunities and challenges with mobile communications in the millimeter wave band for the deployments and use cases of interest. Specifically, the talk will first cover material and channel propagation measurements highlighting the contrast with sub-6GHz propagation. With those observations, a number of system design principles and associated device/component level requirements will be outlined and, where appropriate, 3GPP 5G NR support for these designs will be highlighted. Taking some of the design principles and component level considerations into account, coverage and capacity modeling results will be presented. Finally, some over-the-air test results from our prototype system at 28GHz will also be presented.


The repairing coating of scratched optical resins was prepared with methyl triethoxysilane(MTEOS)and tetraethyl orthosilicate(TEOS)as rawmaterials. The preferable repairing coating was prepared when nMTEOS∶nTEOS=1,the proportion of mixed solvents affected repairing perfomance of the coating greatly,and the best mass proportion of methanol/ethanol/1,3-propanediol was 3∶6∶4. Thesolidify of the coating was accelerated with organic tin 379,and the best content of which was 0.05%(mass ratio). The surface of scratched optical resins can tbe repaired with organosilicon coating effectively.


We compared Minke whale behaviour in the presence and absence of whalewatching boats in Faxaflói Bay, Iceland, a feeding ground for the North Atlantic population. Individual focal follows were conducted from land (control) and from commercial whalewatching boats (impact). Minke whale activity states were inferred from movement metric data (inter-breath interval and directness index) and Linear Mixed Effects (LME) models were used to investigate the effect of whalewatching boats on the activity state of Minke whales. We identified three distinct activity states: surface feeding (conspicuous events of feeding observed at the surface), foraging (long dives and sinuous movement) and travelling (short dives and straight movement). The presence of boats influenced the interaction between dive interval and directness index. Minke whales avoided whalewatching boats by decreasing their inter-breath intervals (performing shorter dives) and decreasing their directness index (increasing circular movement). An increase in respiration rate in the presence of whalewatching boats could reflect an increase in metabolic rate caused by avoidance behaviour. This could lead to an increase in energy expenditure of Minke whale during interactions with whalewatching boats. In addition, the long and relatively sinuous dives observed during foraging behaviour were absent during interactions with whalewatching boats. This indicates that whalewatching boats disrupt the foraging behaviour of Minke whales. Foraging is a biologically important activity for Minke whales in the feeding grounds, as the energy acquired in the feeding ground will set the limit to the amount of energy available for reproduction and lactation in the breeding ground. Thus the foraging disruption observed in this study could be of biological importance.


According to the test problem of fire control computer calculation performance,put forward that using support vector machine regression model to fit shooting parameters curve. And by calculating the cross-correlation between the curve fitted by SVR and actual shooting parameters calculated by fire control computer to make their time-sequential relation same in order to be easy to get the deviation between them ,the correctness of calculation of fire control computer could be detected.Computer emulation is used for verifying feasibility of the fitting approach by SVR,and which result is compared with the fitting results by other approaches,such as BP networks and so on.


To reveal the dynamics of phosphate behavior in a calcareous paddy soil chronosequence (after 0, 3, 8, 30, and 70 yr of rice [Oryza sativa L.] cropping), P adsorption–desorption isotherms, chemical fractions, and loss risks were investigated. The contents of P adsorbents (i.e., Fe and Al oxides and Ca salts) in the paddy soils increased with cultivation age, mainly through accelerated primary mineral destruction and weathering in an Alfisol, along with a small portion from irrigation waters. The Langmuir equation gave increasing P adsorption capacities (Qₘᵃᵈ) of 520.67, 545.67, 662.78, 860.79, and 834.45 mg kg⁻¹ for 0, 3, 8, 30, and 70 yr. The Qₘᵃᵈ was closely correlated with free Fe and Al oxides, amorphous Al oxides, and HCl-replaceable Ca contents. The fraction of Ca–P was 52.04 to 63.64% without P inputs, indicating that Ca salts primarily determined P availability. The preferential forms of P retained by paddy soils were in the following order: Ca–P > Al–P > Fe–P > loosely sorbed P. The contents of Olsen-P in 3- and 8-yr paddy soils were 42.1 and 28.1 mg kg⁻¹, respectively, much higher than for the two older paddy soils and the upland soil (11.6–24.8 mg kg⁻¹). The highest degree of P saturation and equilibrium P concentration were in the two younger paddy soils, indicating the increasing potential environmental risk of P loss in paddy soils in the first few years. Hence, more attention should be given to P loss in newly reclaimed paddy soils.


Indonesian regions are very rich with a variety of oral tradition. One is Batutir tradition from Sumbawa. Batutir is a relaxed story-telling tradition which tells while drink coffee. The story that's still told today is Tongtonge, a humorous story. Indonesian regions are very rich with a variety of oral tradition. One is Batutir tradition from Sumbawa. Batutir is a relaxed story-telling tradition which tells while drink coffee. The story that's still told today is Tongtonge, a humorous story. Tongtonge tale has a typical narrative structure which is chanted in the form of poetry. The chant is similar to to the structure of the children's song "Makan Apa" which in one sentence to another sentence continue to connect. In addition, Tongtone as a humorous story in Sumbawa story is called Gesah. The concerns i expressed in this research are 1) how is the narrative structure of the "Tongtonge" story, and 2) what values contained in the folk story? The purpose of this study is to investigate the narrative structure of the story "Tongtonge" as a way to make sense of the story so that the moral values and education into local wisdom in the story can be revealed. The method used is qualitative method. The theory used in this research is the theory of Axel Olrix. The expected result is the course of a study in which talking about the value of local knowledge of Sumbawa.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the roles of risk managers' psychological and social capital in risk-management capabilities (technical, business processes, and external resources) and the relationship between risk-management capabilities and management performance. This study treated organizational culture as a moderating variable. The research subjects (n = 1000) included top managers, general managers, and managers in various industries. This study found that risk managers' positive psychological and social capital play important roles in corporate risk-management capabilities. The investigation of the moderating effect of organizational culture also provides important guidelines for future studies. This study found that components of psychological capital (e.g., hope, resilience, optimism, and self-efficacy) had a positive effect on substitute-risk-management capabilities (e.g., technology, business, and external management). Moreover, components of social capital (e.g., managerial tie utilization, trust, and solidarity) had a positive effect on substitute-risk-management capabilities (e.g., technology, business, and external management). The social and psychological capital of a company's top management and managers are essential elements for strengthening the company's capabilities for business and risk management. This study also found that the strength of the moderating effects on the relationship between psychological and social capital and risk-management capabilities differs according to the organizational culture. The implications of the study and limitations are discussed.


The standard model is healthy is all respects except for the non-zero neutrino masses which require an extension of the minimal version


An efficient and simple method for the regioselective synthesis of β-hydroxy sulfides via Rongalite-promoted reaction of epoxides with diaryl disulfides under ultrasound irradiation is developed.


OBJECTIVE To study the anti-tumor effect of Glycyrrhiza flavonoids(GF) on sarcoma 180 and hepatoma H22 in vivo,and to evaluate the synergetic effect and attenuated toxic effect of GF in combination with cyclophosphamide(CTX).METHODS Kunming mice were injected subcutaneously with S180 and injected abdominally with H22 cancer cells to investigate the anti-tumor effects of different concentration of GF(0.075,0.150,0.300 g·kg-1·d-1).The effects of GF alone and with combination of CTX on tumor weight were estimated,the effects of the drug combination on TI,SI,WBC and lymphocyte of mice were also tested.RESULTS The inhibitory ratio of high-dose GF in mice implanted S180 cancer cells was 41.4%.After combination with CTX,the ratio was 73.8%,and the ratio of prolonged survival time on mice implanted H22 cancer cells was 67.6%,which were significantly increased compared with the CTX group.In combination with GF and CTX,q values were all from 0.85 to 1.25.TI,SI and the blood leukocyte and lymphocyte count,which were decreased by CTX,were ameliorated remarkably.CONCLUSION GF has a potent inhibitory effect on the growth of implanted S180 and H22 in mice and has synergetic effect and attenuated toxic effect in combination with CTX.


The possibilities to obtain 5-port networks using two multiports are analysed. The scattering matrix of a 5-port resulted by interconnecting a 3-port and a 4-port is computed in terms of the 3-port's and of the 4-port's scattering parameters. The necessary properties of the 3-port's and of the 4-port's scattering matrices for obtaining some properties of the 5-port are analysed. The cases of the reciprocal 5-port and of the ideal 5-port circulator are presented. The possibilities of obtaining 5-port networks using three multiports are also analysed. The scattering matrix of a 5-port resulted by interconnecting three 3-ports is computed in terms of the 3-ports' scattering parameters.


We have experienced a dramatic disinflation—a slowing in the growth rate of inflation—over the past couple of years, with the 12-month growth rates of several measures of underlying inflation trends falling from around 3.0 percent in mid-2008 to lows not seen in nearly five decades. In fact, over the past year, measures of underlying inflation produced by the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland—the median CPI and 16 percent trimmed-mean CPI—are up just 0.6 percent and 0.9 percent, respectively. With measured inflation rates that low, speculation abounds that disinflation will eventually give way to deflation. A quick glance at the most recent report on consumer prices might splash some cold water on that discussion. But then, a deeper dig through the report reveals details that might support continued low rates of inflation.


Various messages have been sent out to potentially existing intelligent extra-terrestrial life since the 1960s. Considering the significance of such messages as a medium of first contact and representation of humankind, it is surprising that they have received no attention from sociology. What is their purpose? Who speaks for earth? What is their content and has it changed over time? This work seeks to answer these questions by analyzing all relevant messages (N = 14) sent to outer space as well as related press coverage and official statements from the period 1962–2018. Analyses find a striking shift in purpose, authorship, and content, from political and scientific elites celebrating nation, science and (high) culture to, more recently, for-profits and science facilitating commercial exploitation but also individual agency and planetary awareness. However, such plurality makes global consensus and oversight on whether and what kind of messages should be sent even more difficult.


Pieces of the Musical World: Sounds and Cultures is a fieldwork-based ethnomusicology textbook that introduces a series of musical worlds each through a single "piece." It focuses on a musical sound or object that provides a springboard from which to tell a story about a particular geographic region, introducing key aspects of the cultures in which it is embedded, contexts of performance, the musicians who create or perform it, the journeys it has travelled, and its changing meanings.


Efficient and reliable map-matching algorithms are essential for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems. While most existing solutions fail to provide trustworthy outputs when the situation is ambiguous (such as at road intersections, at roundabouts, or when roads are parallel), we present a new map-matching method that overcomes this limitation. It is based on multihypothesis road-tracking that takes advantage of the geographical database road connectivity to provide a reliable road-matching solution with a confidence indicator that can be used for integrity-monitoring purposes. The presented multihypothesis road-tracking method combines proprioceptive sensors (odometers and gyrometers) with global positioning system and map information. While usually the algorithmic complexity of a multihypothesis method is exponential, because each hypothesis can generate new hypotheses at each sampling step, we propose using road connectivity information to overcome this drawback, so that new hypotheses are created only when they are really necessary. The proposed decision rule of the integrity monitoring strategy takes account of the estimated location with the map, as well as the respective probabilities of the different hypotheses to handle ambiguity zones. The performance of the method presented in this article is illustrated by tests that were carried out in real-world road conditions.


This paper is an empirical study on A-shares IPO initial returns after the re-start of IPO in the May of 2006.The findings are that the IPO initial returns in Shanghai and Shenzhen A-shares markets are still at a high level.While IPO initial returns in Shanghai A-shares market correlate closely to demand-to-offer ratio and market change direction,those in Shenzhen A-shares market correlate to demand-to-offer ratio,growth rate of the corporate net profit and IPO P/E.It shows that the speculative behavior of investors is propably the primary cause of the high IPO initial returns.


Based on the local water scarcity situation, the essay has told its influence to Beijing - Tianjin - North - China Plain Regions and demonstrated the transfer project is an optimal way to solve water problems at the mentioned areas.


Acknowledgements Note on translation and transliteration Introduction: an anatomy of comedy in the Bible Part I. The Genesis of Comedy - The Comedy of Genesis: 1. The comedy of creation 2. Domestic comedy in the household of faith: Israel's fathers and mothers as comic figures Part II. Generating Comedy: Biblical texts and the drive to comic regeneration: 3. Liberation and laughter: Exodus and Esther as two comedies of deliverance 4. Jonah as joke: a comedy of contradiction, caricature and compassion 5. The comedy of Job: creation, chaos and carnival 6. Paradox and parody in the Song of Soloman: towards a comic reading of the Song of Songs Conclusion: towards a comprehensive view of biblical comedy Bibliography Indexes.