The aim of this article is the analytical evaluation of dependability and reliability indicators of vital facility supervision and control systems. Such indicators include: probability of no-failure, collective failure rate, wrong-side and right-side failure rate, average service life. The article considers systems with different redundancy rates (2-oo-2, 2-oo-3, 2-oo-2-by-2) ensuring recovery of failed equipment (channels) without interruption of operation. The paper covers such safety and reliability mechanisms as interchannel data comparison, mutual channel blocking and protection against negative failure development by mutual channel blocking. Methods . For the purpose of achieving the set goal, the article suggests a mathematical functional model based on absorbing homogenous Markovian continuous-time chains. The states of this chain reflect the number of good channels of the system, while state transition rates are identified based on the equipment failure rates of each channel and repair rates (subject to the mechanisms of interchannel data comparison and failed channel blocking). The absence of protection can be caused by such events as non-detection of failure by supervision facilities, disability of blocking mechanisms, protection tripping delay. In such case the failure of a channel (channels) causes the failure of the whole system and forces the Markovian chain into the absorbing state. The probabilities of transition into the absorbing state are divided into the probabilities of transition into state of right-side failure and state of wrong-side failure. As a failure occurrence in a situation of absent guaranteed protection against its possible negative consequences in a system that continues operating may cause undue inputs to the system's executive mechanisms and on the assumption of the worst case scenario we deem such failure to be a wrong-side one. The used methods allow finding the probabilities of each state of the chain by solving a system of Kolmogorov-Chapman differential equations. Based on the given probabilities, the collective failure rate and average service life are identified along with the right-side and wrong-side failure rates. In order to ensure the usability of the presented methods, the authors provide approximate formulas of failure rates and approximation errors. Results . A mathematical model of operation of a multichannel microprocessor system has been developed. Formulas for calculation of system state probabilities, average service life, wrong-side and right-side failure rates have been obtained that allow evaluating the safety and fault tolerance of various systems with hot standby and in-operation operability recovery capabilities. The given formulas for calculation of system state probabilities allow increasing the number of safety and reliability indicators, if needed. The article presents the feasibility of simplified calculation of failure rates. Conclusions. The formulas given in the article can be used for evaluation of reliability, safety and longevity indicators of microprocessor-based supervision and control circuits of vital facilities (ship-borne technical facilities, trackside equipment in railway stations and open lines, fixed power facilities, etc.). In the development process they allow finding the rational system organization by means of comparative evaluation of performance of structures with various degrees of redundancy. In the context of system adaptation for application in various facilities as well as its modernization the formulas in question enable analytical calculation of the above indicators.


Alkali vapor lasers show the promise of demonstrating diffraction limited high power in the near and mid IR. These lasers could be used for missile defense and for protection from Man Portable Air Defense Systems.


Abstract : The metamorphosis of the United States Army's tactical Military Intelligence (MI) organization and doctrine since 1976 has been remarkable. Transitioning from a conglomerate of capabilities borrowed from disparate organizations, MI units became holistic MI organizations. Equipped with increasingly robust collection capability MI became ever more capable of all-source intelligence production. Change continues through the provision of MI capability to lower echelons. As collection capability in the brigade combat team (BCT) increased collective MI experience and leadership in planning and direction of collection decreased. While intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) assets and soldiers transferred from the division echelon to the BCT, the MI collective experience and leadership did not. Additionally, a 30-year old inconsistency concerning staff authority in collection direction continues. With an increasing ISR capability, reduction in collective MI experience influencing BCT ISR, and an ongoing rift in collection direction authority, does the Army model for ISR meet the needs of the BCT commander of the future?


High‐dose ionizing radiation can lead to death from the unrecoverable damage of the gastrointestinal tract, especially the small intestine. Until now, the lack of predilection for the small intestine and rapid clearance by digestive fluids limit the effects of conventional radioprotective formulations. Herein, an innovative radioprotective strategy is developed for attenuating gastrointestinal syndrome by smart oral administration nanodrugs. The nanodrug is first engineered by encapsulating thalidomide into chitosan‐based nanoparticles, and then coated with polydopamine. The behaviors of gastric acid‐resistance, and pH‐switchable controlled release in the small intestine enhance the oral bioavailability of the pyroptosis inhibitor thalidomide. In a mouse model, nanodrugs demonstrate prolonged small intestinal residence time and accessibility to the crypt region deep in the mucus. Furthermore, the nanodrugs ameliorate survival rates of C57BL/6J mice irradiated by 14 Gy of subtotal body irradiation and also maintain their epithelial integrity. This work may provide a promising new approach for efficiently attenuating lethal radiation‐induced gastrointestinal syndrome and add insights into developing nanodrug‐based therapies with improved efficacy and minimum side effects.


A transmission line trip during a power swing may cause instability of a power system. It is necessary to recognize the power swing from fault. Based on stability boundary, the power swing blocking relays must be set. To do that, first power swing should be analyzed. Second a way of probability of occurrence of fault must be found. Third, the critical condition under which the stability of a power system not disturbed is recognized. Finally the settings of the power swing relays are calculated. In this paper, analysis of the power swing occurrence has been made. By defining transmissions and generators sensitivities coefficients, the way of making the line under consideration full load is found. The way of minimization of distance between load impedance and the last zone of distance protection is given and the settings of the power swing relays are calculated.


Recently, there are wide numbers of users that use the social network like Twitter, Facebook, MySpace to share various kinds of resources, express their opinions, thoughts, messages in real time. Thus, increase the amount of electronic content that generated by users. Sentiment analysis becomes a very interesting topic in research community. Thereby, we need to give more attention to Arabic sentiment analysis. This paper discusses the challenges and obstacles when analyze the sentiment analysis of informal Arabic, the social media. The most of recent research sentiment analysis conduct for English text. Also, when the research works in Arabic sentiment analysis, they focus in formal Arabic. However, most of social media network use the informal Arabic (colloquial) such as Twitter and YouTube website. This paper investigates the problems and the challenges to identify sentiment in informal Arabic language which is mostly used when users express their opinions and feelings in context of twitter and YouTube Arabic content.


PYMES are a business, commercial alternative that generate dynamism in the economy; technology and globalization, it is for the foregoing that SMEs require solid foundations that allow the consolidation, vision and support for the future of it. Sustainability of SMEs is only achieved if an innovative scheme is generated in instruments and trends at managerial level, planning of organizational methods and competitiveness, understanding that it must constantly evolve, due to social, political, cultural, financial and labor we face daily.


A recent meta‐analysis of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor outcome trials reported that SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with reduction in the risk of adverse composite kidney outcomes, with moderate heterogeneity across the trials; however, the endpoints were defined differently across the trials.


Data stored in memory or buffer needs Error Detection And Correction (EDAC). Errors occur due to supply voltage fluctuations and/or noise due to electromagnetic interference or external radiation. These errors could be either temporary or permanent. In this paper, a EDAC method is proposed to detect and correct errors based on 3D parity check. In the encoder, the data bits are arranged in a matrix format and then parity bits are calculated for each row, column and diagonal. Errors present in parity bits are detected and corrected using Hamming code. Regeneration of data bits and Syndrome calculation at the decoder helps in detecting and correcting the error bits in the data. The 3D Parity check code can correct up to 3 bits of any combination of errors in the data and the Hamming code can correct up to 3 bits in the parity, if they occur in specific combinations. Thus, this method can detect and correct errors in both data and parity bits. This method achieves higher reliability by having a slight tradeoff in area and power consumption compared to other similar methods.


Together with other molecular chaperones, small heat shock proteins are key components of the protein quality control system, which is comprised of several hundred proteins and acts to maintain proteome homeostasis in the cell. Small heat shock proteins bind unfolding proteins at an early stage, to prevent these from further unfolding and aggregating. Partially unfolded proteins are being held in a refolding competent state, to be refolded by other chaperones or degraded by the degradation machinery. In the stress response, small heat shock proteins are among the most highly upregulated, preparing the cell to absorb large quantities of partially unfolded proteins. In this way, they form the first line of defence against the threat of protein aggregation under stress conditions. The polydispersity and dynamics of the large small heat shock protein oligomers have complicated their structural and functional characterization. In particular, the molecular mechanism of substrate protein protection remains poorly understood.
The work described in this thesis aims to characterize the molecular interactions between the plant small heat shock protein Hsp21 and model substrate proteins by crosslinking mass spectrometry. The model substrate proteins citrate synthase and malate dehydrogenase, both especially vulnerable to temperature-induced aggregation, were protected from aggregation by Hsp21 and therefore used to investigate the Hsp21-substrate interactions that confer protection. To be able to study the transient Hsp21-substrate interaction by crosslinking mass spectrometry, a workflow was developed based on isotope-labelled lysine-specific crosslinking, nano-LC MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry, and data analysis with the specialized software FINDX. During the development of this workflow, interactions within Hsp21 itself were characterized as a way to evaluate the method and to learn more about the conformation of Hsp21 in absence of substrate. The interpretation of the identified Hsp21-Hsp21 crosslinks required structural information on the Hsp21 oligomer, which was obtained by single particle negative stain electron microscopy. The combination of these data with native mass spectrometry and homology modelling, led to a structure model of the Hsp21 dodecamer. The in-depth analysis of Hsp21-Hsp21 crosslinks provided a framework for further application of the crosslinking mass spectrometry workflow to the Hsp21-substrate interactions. Finally, Hsp21-substrate crosslinks were identified that support the view that unfolding substrate proteins interact with the intrinsically disordered N-terminal region of the small heat shock protein Hsp21.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze and understand the business logic of the for-profit social enterprises targeting the basic needs of the base of the pyramid (BoP) segment. A case study of an organization offering clean energy solutions to the BoP segment has been used to illustrate the socio-economic business model of the for-profit social enterprises, which can serve the underserved needs of the BoP segment using an inclusive approach.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper analyses Selco, a social enterprise offering energy solutions to the low-income population in rural India. The qualitative case-based research involves the secondary data inputs from the online sources and primary data inputs from the field interviews with the different stakeholders at Selco.

Findings

The research findings recommend the following strategic choices for the social enterprises – focus on segmentation; field-based experimentation, innovation and prototyping; local skill-building and engagement; hybrid organizational setup; systemic behavior change orientation; customized value offerings; last-mile delivery and support; and collaboration with non-traditional stakeholders.

Practical implications

The lessons learnt through the analysis of Selco provide tools and strategies to enable the social enterprises to better understand their business model and make informed decisions resulting in the effective social interventions while remaining sustainable. The paper offers an actionable framework for creating an inclusive formal market ecosystem that is sustainable, scalable and socially relevant.

Originality/value

This study is an original contribution to the field of social entrepreneurship. It undertakes a field study of the social enterprise delivering inclusive energy solutions to the BoP segment in India. The study of Selco brings out the learnings regarding the key strategic actions, which can lead to sustainable business models for targeting the BoP segment in developing countries like India


Due to the fact that currently operating autonomous vehicles can observe only a limited area with their onboard sensors, safety regulations often dictate a very slow speed. However, as more and more sensors in the environment are available, we can fuse their information and provide extended information as a shared context model to support the autonomous vehicles. In this paper, we consider a scenario with a publicly accessible area that is populated with autonomous transport vehicles, human guided vehicles like trucks or bicycles, and pedestrians. We analyze requirements and challenges for highly dynamic context models in this scenario. Furthermore, we propose a comprehensive system architecture that can cope with these challenges, namely deterministic processing of multiple sensor updates with high throughput rates, prediction of moving objects, and on-line quality assessments, and demonstrate the feasibility of this approach by implementing the generic system architecture with laser scanners for object detection.


The latest strategies for learning vector space portrayals of words have prevailed with regard to catching fine-grained semantic and syntactic consistencies utilizing vector arithmetic. However, the sequence representation is not present in these methods. As a result, to consider the sequence, we are utilizing the sequence neural networks like RNN or statistical techniques like HMM. To represent the sequence through every state vector, we propose a new term or word representation technique called SeqVectorizer, which stands for sequence vectorizer. In SeqVectorizer every state represents a combined vector of two separate joined states, and these are the previous sequence state and the current state probability. Comparing with other representation systems, it shows a state-of-the-art performance on some testing data-sets.


The StrongARM latch topology finds wide usage as a sense amplifier, a comparator, or simply a robust latch with high sensitivity. The term "StrongARM" commemorates the use of this circuit in Digital Equipment Corporation's StrongARM microprocessor [1], but the basic structure was originally introduced by Toshiba's Kobayashi et al. [2]. The StrongARM latch has become popular for three reasons: 1) it consumes zero static power, 2) it directly produces rail-to-rail outputs, and 3) its input-referred offset arises from primarily one differential pair. In this column, we study the circuit and its properties.


A cloud mask program is available for masking out all clouds present on CoastWatch satellite imagery products. CoastWatch satellite imagery are operational NOAA polar-satellite 1 km Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data that are remapped for designated U.S. coastal regions. Sea surface temperature imagery is one of the current CoastWatch products; however, the product contains cloudy pixels. A cloud mask product is necessary to determine cloud free areas for sea surface temperature identification. The Clouds from AVHRR (CLAVR) cloud detection algorithm is being tested on both day and night AVHRR imagery. An explanation of the cloud masking tests and examples of their application to the analysis of sea surface temperature imagery for the coastal U.S. on a near-real time basis are presented.<<ETX>>


The second male patient with classical Sweet's syndrome (acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis) is reported and the 17 previously published cases are reviewed. All of the present patient's signs and symptoms were dramatically controlled with orally administered prednisone, but temporarily recurred when treatment was discontinued prematurely. Possibly coincidentally, he was found to have a testicular tumor (embryonal carcinoma with features of teratocarcinoma) only six weeks after the onset of his dermatosis.


The system of "smart" cable for a bridge with built-in sensors based on fiber gratings, comprising anchor cup (1), the plate (5) to separate wires, the connecting sleeve (4) built into the connecting sleeve (4) based on the sensor fiber diffraction lattices itself rope (11), wherein based on fiber gratings sensor includes a strain gauge with a fiber grating (9) and a temperature sensor (10) with a fiber grating, wherein t m, that the strain gauge (9) with a fiber grating and a temperature sensor (10) with a fiber grating is first packaged in the assembly, the free ends of the optical fibers are ejected, packed into an assembly strain gauge (9) is rigidly connected to the steel wire ( 3) an outer layer of a cable in the connecting coupling (4) packed in the temperature sensor assembly (10) with a fiber grating is suspended on the steel wire (3) into the connecting sleeve (4) in the plate to separate the wire punched holes (5-1), protecting the steel tube (7) recessed in a front portion of the connecting sleeve (4) and an anchor cup (1), the protective steel tube (7) is withdrawn outwardly through the openings (5-1) of the said plate separating wires (5), the free ends of optical fiber strain gauge (9) with a fiber grating (9) and a temperature sensor (10) with a fiber grating connected to the fiber optic cable (8), the free end of the optical fiber cable led out of the cable through the protective steel tr


The channel-forming component of anthrax toxin, (PA63)7, is a heptameric water-soluble protein at neutral pH, but under acidic conditions it spontaneously inserts into lipid bilayers to form a 14-stranded β-barrel ion-conducting channel. This channel plays a vital role in anthrax pathogenesis because it serves as a conduit for the membrane translocation of the two enzymatic components of anthrax toxin, lethal factor and edema factor. Anthrax channels open and close in response to changes in transmembrane voltage, a property shared by several other pore-forming toxins. We have discovered an unexpected phenomenon in cysteine-substituted channels that provides a window into this gating process: their normal voltage-dependent gating can be abolished by reaction with methanethiosulfonate (MTS) reagents or exposure to oxidizing conditions. Remarkably, this perturbation is seen with cysteines substituted at sites all along the ∼100 Å length of the channel's β-barrel. In contrast, reaction with N-ethylmaleimide, a thiol-reactive compound that does not form a mixed disulfide, does not affect gating at any of the sites tested. These findings, coupled with our biochemical detection of dimers, have led us to conclude that MTS reagents are catalyzing the formation of intersubunit disulfide bonds that lock channels in a conducting state, and that voltage gating requires a conformational change that involves the entire β-barrel.


The environmental impact of petroleum products has forced the industry to search for alternative bio-products. Vegetable oils can be considered as an alternative to these petroleum products due to the high viscosity index and excellent boundary lubrication properties. In this work, rice bran oil (RBO) is selected as a base-stock for developing bio-lubricants. The silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles were added to RBO in different proportions (0.01 to 0.05 wt. %). The tribological properties were evaluated for different samples using a standard four-ball tribo-tester. The weight percentage of SiC in RBO was optimised based on the tribological results. The optimum concentration of SiC nanoparticles in RBO was found to be 0.03 wt. %. The experimental study also evaluated the tribological properties of chemically modified RBO (MRBO) with 0.03% SiC nanoparticles. It was noted that the tribological properties are better for MRBO with 0.03% SiC nanoparticles.


A considerable amount of data on the electron density profile of Es layers has been accumulated starting with Seddon's1 experiments using his CW propagation technique. More recent data have been presented at this conference. The motivation for recent observations has resulted from the wind-shear theory. It should be pointed out that the determination of winds by the vapor-trail technique is at present limited to night and twilight observations. Now, Es in midlatitudes, where most of these observations are being taken, is primarily a daytime phenomenon, and the basic statistical information on Es has been derived from ground-based radio techniques. Thus the rocket data is unfortunately biased by the nighttime observations.


Triorganylsiloxy- and triorganylgermoxy-germatranes have been prepared by the interaction of the easily available 1-hydroxygermatrane with various hetaryl-silanes and -germanes. The compounds were of the general structure:

M = Si; X = S, CH = CH (viz. phenyl); n = 0,1,2

M = Ge; X = CH = CH (viz. phenyl); n = 0

All siloxy- and germoxy-germatranes obtained were subjected to psychotropic assays. Some of phenylsiloxygermatranes are effective for memory enhancement (inhibition of retrogradal amnesia by triphenylsiloxygermatrane was 80%).


China is currently experiencing stunning growth in outbound travel. This paper examines the determinants, trends and characteristics of ChinaAEs outbound travel. It finds that the recent booming economy and the resultant emergence of a middle-upper class make outbound travel financially accessible to larger sections of the population. The recent liberalization of policies and regulations from both China and its destination countries have also smoothed the way. Even so, the issuance of visas has been and still is the major barrier to ChinaAEs outbound travel. Business travel is an especially important market due to increasing international trade and investment activities between China and the rest of the world.


This review examined the likely impact of climate change upon food-borne disease in the UK with a specific focus upon Campylobacter and Salmonella. Campylobacter is an important food-borne disease and an increasing public health threat. There is a reasonable evidence base that the environment and weather play a role in its transmission to humans. However, uncertainty as to the precise mechanisms through which weather affects disease, make it difficult to assess the likely impact of climate change. There are strong positive associations between Salmonella cases and ambient temperature and a clear understanding of the mechanisms behind this. However, because the incidence of Salmonella is declining in the UK any climate change increases are likely to be small. For both Salmonella and Campylobacter the burden of disease is greatest in older adults and young children. There are many pathways through which climate change may affect food but only a few of these have been rigorously examined. This provides a high degree of uncertainty as to what the impacts of climate change will be. Food is highly controlled at the National and EU level. This provides the UK with resilience to climate change as well as potential to adapt to its consequences. Introduction and Scope Climate change may have many impacts upon food [1]. In this review we focus upon two food-borne diseases, Campylobacter and Salmonella. These are chosen because, in addition to their public heath importance, there is much evidence that they are influenced by existing climate variability especially temperature [2]. Therefore, under a warmer climate, incidence of these infections may change. The purpose of this review is to consider what the likely impacts of climate change will be, as well as to consider the distributional impacts of any changes. In addition the review will also consider in less detail a number of potential impacts which are less well documented in the literature. Although the geographical focus of this review is the UK, international borders can be crossed by food-borne disease implying that changes in foodborne disease in one country may have consequences in others. For example, of the infectious intestinal disease recorded in the UK (of which food-borne disease is a subset) 8-12% are estimated to have been caught overseas [3]. Furthermore the food supply chain is global and so any impacts of the food supply chain in one country can have impacts elsewhere. Only 53% of the total food consumed in Britain is home grown [4]. Food and drink are also important export markets for the UK and so climate change induced food safety changes in the UK could have global consequences. Comment [g1]: Single author The Evidence; Campylobacter In developed countries, including the UK, Campylobacter is the most common bacterial cause of diarrhoeal disease. It can cause abdominal pain and severe diarrhoea. Clinical complications include Guillain-Barre syndrome which requires intensive care in some 20% of cases, and can be fatal [5]. Although poultry consumption is widely implicated as a source of Campylobacter many other factors are thought to play a role and many features of the disease are difficult to explain (e.g. spring peak). Consequently the epidemiology of Campylobacter is complicated [6] and the transmission pathways for a large proportion of cases are unknown [7]. In terms of UK health outcomes following Campylobacter infection a recent study [3] estimates that Campylobacter is the major bacterial Infectious Intestinal Disease agent in the UK, leading to over 500,000 cases and 80,000 consultations to general practice annually [8]. In 2008 the annual cost of acute Campylobacter infection was estimated to be £600 million for England and Wales [9].Reported Campylobacter disease also appears to be increasing [10-12]. These increases have been occurring in spite of biosecurity initiatives to exclude Campylobacter from poultry flocks [13]. Campylobacter shows a strong seasonal variability leading researchers to believe that it may be affected by climate change. This is coupled with numerous studies indicating that Campylobacter infections are associated with climate variability. The most commonly reported factor is a positive association with temperature [2, 14, 15]. However, our understanding of the reasons behind this are limited because unlike other bacteria Campylobacter does not multiple outside the gut. For example the response of Campylobacter cases to season and weather patterns has been attributed in the literature to several factors such as the cycling of the organisms in natural reservoirs, seasonality of countryside use, and changes in food consumption (e.g. barbecuing associated with warmer weather)[6]. Campylobacter transmission to humans is complex ecologically with multiple hosts and transmission pathways [14], and currently is poorly understood. In terms of where disease burden is highest, elevated incidence in rural areas is a common finding in many [16, 17] but not all studies [18]. In England and Wales the highest incidence is found in rural areas [6]. In Scotland this rural excess was only observed in the under 5s [19]. Strachan et al. [19] were able to attribute Campylobacter infections to different sources using Multilocus Sequence Typing. They argue that the major source of infection for young children in urban areas is chicken, whereas for rural children ruminant and other avian sources are of elevated importance. Comment [g2]: multiply Studies across the UK indicate that the burden of disease is higher in less deprived areas [6, 20], although because these studies are based upon reported cases of Campylobacter, some differences may be due to differential reporting [21]. Gillespie et al [22] found in England and Wales that Campylobacter incidence was slightly higher in individual's whose work was often done in an office or other professional environment in comparison to those whose jobs were more manual. However, incidence was highest in people working in semi-routine occupations [23]. This same study found that the burden of Campylobacter disease was greatest in the Pakistani population in comparison to the white population. Levels in other ethnic groups such as Indian, Black and Chinese were lower. Turning to gender, this study found that the burden of disease was slightly higher in males than in females, a result confirmed in Scotland [24]. In terms of the age distribution of reported cases the highest burden appears to fall on infants. Incidence then decreases for the ages 2-13 years but rises again until age 22. Incidence then remains relatively constant between ages 22 and 69 before falling from age 70 onwards [22]. Similar distributions are reported in Scotland [24] and Northern Ireland [12]. In terms of trends over time, as the UK population ages the number of reported Campylobacter cases has increased in older individuals. However, as well as the absolute number of reports increasing it has also been observed that Campylobacter incidence is increasing in older people [6]. The Evidence; Salmonella Infection with Salmonella leads to diarrhoea, fever and abdominal cramps, usually 1 – 3 days after the initial infection. Symptoms generally last for 4-6 days but in some individuals the patient may need to be hospitalised. Although there are a number of potential pathways of transmission for Salmonella, the consumption of raw or undercooked eggs or poultry are recognised to be of major importance. Several Over two thousand Salmonella species (sSerotypes) have been identified and these have differing routes of transmission. For example Salmonella Enteritidis is commonly associated with eggs whereas Salmonella Typhimurium is associated with a wider variety of foods [2]. A recent study in England estimates that there are just under 39,000 cases of Salmonella a year leading to just over 11,000 GP consultations [8]. This is a large reduction in cases in comparison to the early 1990's. In contrast to Campylobacter, Salmonella outbreaks are common and so as a disease it is likely to be prominent in public consciousness. Nonetheless Salmonella is not a priority pathogen identified by the Food Standards Agency for specific action [25]. Older research focusing upon England and Wales at a time when Salmonella incidence was higher, estimated that in 2000 it led to over 8,500 hospital admissions and 119 deaths [NB more estimated deaths than Campylobacter; 26]. It has been estimated that the average Comment [g3]: In recent years campylobacter outbreaks have been more common than Salmonella ones. These are mostly associated with chicken liver and weddings. The number of reported Salmonella infections continues toi decline and so does the number of outbreaks. However, whole genome sequencing (WHS) is allowing many small clusters of Salmonella to be detected, which can be difficult to follow up. Campylobacter, on the other hand has such large numbers that WGS typing is linked to certain key areas within a research project, because of cost criteria. cost of a Salmonella case is around £1,000 [27]. Multiplying this by the estimated community cases produces a total UK cost of £39million p/a (This assumes that the costs of reported and non-reported cases are s imilar and so is probably an overestimate). Salmonella is climate sensitive and infections are more frequent in summer. Stronger evidence emerges from studies indicating that in warm weather Salmonella infections are elevated [15, 28]. Furthermore, there is a clear biological understanding of the mechanisms involved as Salmonella can grow in food kept at ambient temperature [29]. Therefore in a warmer world, Salmonella infections could increase. Across Europe the numbers of cases are currently declining because intervention under the Zoonosis Directive has proved effective through flock testing, the vaccination of animals, increased biosecurity and slaughtering out. In terms of highlighting w


The aim of the article is to show the circumstances of birth and the development of research in the field of politology of religion in Poland. The presentation of this process includes information about researchers, research centers, publications, as well as scientific events - congresses and conferences, which formed the sub-discipline of religiology and political science to the greatest extent. Apart from factography, the article contains comments on the dominant trends and tendencies in research. In this context, the ways of explaining the politology of religion and its definitions are also presented.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a BOG-re-liquefying apparatus for an LNG storage tank, which can re-liquefy a BOG safely and stably and can reduce the power cost for the pressure transport of a BOG in LNG storage and pressure transport equipment and to provide a method for re-liquefying a BOG. SOLUTION: This apparatus is equipped with an LNG storage tank 11, an LNG pressure transport system 16 for pressurizing, evaporating, and transporting an LNG stored in the storage tank 11, a BOG compression system 18 for compressing the BOG in the tank 11 to a pressure high enough to liquefy the BOG in the tank 11, a BOG-re-liquefying apparatus 19 comprising a shell-and-coil heat exchanger and liquefying the BOG compressed with the BOG compression system 18 by the heat exchange of the BOG with the LNG in the LNG pressure transport system 16, a regenerated LNG return system 20 for returning the LNG regenerated at the BOG re-liquefying apparatus 19 to the tank 11, and a regenerated LNG pressure transport system 22 for pressurizing the regenerated LNG and leading it to the exist side of the BOG re-liquefying apparatus 19.


Abstract : This volume focuses on the effects of a range of traumatic events: a natural disaster Hurricane Andrew), working with the dead (dental identification of bodies following the Mt. Carmel conflagration) and the trauma attendant to the diagnosis of a life-threatening illness (breast cancer). In the first section, the direct and indirect impact of Hurricane Andrew on the Air Force community is illustrated through responses provided by service members and their families stationed at Homestead AFB as well as comparison communities at Shaw and MacDill Air Force Bases. This study allows examination of the ways in which unanticipated moves and resettlement differ from those which are planned. The section on the Waco Disaster contains information on the responses of dentists who performed forensic identifications on the bodies of the Branch Davidians killed in the man-made disaster. The final section focuses on a psychosocial intervention for husbands of women with breast cancer. Receiving a diagnosis of breast cancer is a traumatic event which profoundly affects the patient and her family. This volume includes a description of an intervention which has been designed to give husbands training on ways they can facilitate their wives' healthy adaptation to the major new stressor in their lives breast cancer.


Aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) transparent electrodes prepared by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering were investigated to elucidate effects of crystal growth orientations on durability of AZO films, evaluated by electrical resistivity. During the deposition, the flow of oxygen gas was 60 sccm, while argon gas was varied from 3 to 60 sccm. As the argon gas flow increased, a transition of crystal growth orientations from (110) to (002) was observed by X-ray diffractometry (XRD). Damp heat test was conducted at 85°C and 85% of relative humidity for 25 days. As a result, the AZO films prepared with higher argon (or total) gas flows having (002) main crystal growth orientation exhibited better durability.


Baby corn is obsessed with high nutritive value comparable to many vegetables. The production and consumption of baby corn is gaining momentum in the world in general and in India in particular. The immature green cob is used as vegetable and the stalk has better fodder value. Since, it is a new introductory crop, development of suitable agro techniques viz., optimum crop geometry, suitable intercrop and topping practices are important to improve the green cob yield and fodder quality of baby corn. Crop geometry is a non-monitory input that plays a major role upon introduction of new plant types. Space available in between the rows of baby corn has to be used effectively by raising suitable intercrop during initial stage to utilize the space, light, moisture and nutrients in soil. Such resources could be used effectively by introducing short duration intercrops like fenugreek and fodder cowpea which complete their life cycle within 5055 days and not having much effect on main crop are selected to grow with baby corn. Manchanda et al. (2006) revealed that higher yield attributes and yield of maize was recorded with maize intercropped with cowpea compared to sole maize. Topping refers to nipping or the removal of terminal portion from the uppermost node to improve the yield through greater functioning of remaining leaves by arresting unnecessary growth, decreasing mutual shading of leaves, enhancing light interception, increasing nutrient uptake, decreasing competition between the tassel and cob for available plant nutrients, diverting plant nutrients to the reproductive part which aids in better source-sink relationship and better cob development (Esechie and AlAlawi, 2002). In baby corn, research information on these aspects is seldom available, so the present study was undertaken. Abstract : A field experiments was conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore with an objective to study the effect of crop geometry, intercropping and topping practices on green cob yield and fodder quality of baby corn. Two levels of crop geometry (60 x 20 cm and 75 x 16 cm), two intercrops (baby corn alone, baby corn + fenugreek (greens), baby corn + fodder cowpea) and four topping practices (detasseling alone, topping beyond 9, 10th and 11 internode) were studied in split plot design. Results revealed that crop geometry at 75 x 16 cm produced higher green cob and fodder yield over 60 x 20 cm spacing. There was no significant variation in green cob and fodder yield of baby corn under the intercropping system. Among the topping treatments, topping beyond 10 internode registered higher green cob yield over others. However, the green fodder yield of baby corn was not varied significantly due to topping practices. Neither crop geometry nor intercropping systems did influence on fodder quality of baby corn. But topping beyond 10 internode recorded the highest fodder quality (crude protein, crude fibre and NFE) followed by topping beyond 9 internode.


The research paper aimed to define mechanisms for activating education in emergencies in epidemic outbreaks - Corona Virus as a model, reviewing the most prominent educational experiences of countries in dealing with Corona virus, and proposing recommendations for continuing education in epidemic outbreaks. The study used the descriptive approach, and reached a set of results, the most prominent of which are: weak state readiness for education in emergencies, the full transition to distance education and e-learning, and weak assessment methods. The study also recommended several recommendations, including: establishing a disaster management center, including materials from the post-crisis study plan to be taught in the form of distance education, training students in self-learning skills, training teachers to diversify assessment methods, and increasing tests based on critical thinking and analysis skills.


Recently, leukoplakia of the maxillary vestibule was described in patients with no traditional risk factors but who had used Viadent® products. We designed a case-control study to evaluate the hypothesis that Viadent® users were more likely to have lesions. One hundred and forty-eight cases and controls were identified through the Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. Cases and controls were administered a questionnaire about Viadent® use and other known risks. Results of crude, stratified, and logistic regression analyses showed that use of Viadent® products was a risk indicator for leukoplakia (adjusted OR = 9.7, 95% CI = 4.7–21.6), with a strong dose-response relation.


We present a novel serious game prototype for the purpose of job interview skills training. The serious game allows for a wide variety of realistic interview scenarios to be easily created and simulated.


The purpose of this calculation note is to provide the basis for In-Tank Fuel fire/Deflageration consequence for the Tank Farm Safety Analysis Report (FSAR). Tank Fuel Fire/Deflageration scenario is developed and details and description of the analysis methods are provided.


Circularly arced Koch fractal curve (CAKC) is originally proposed. Then, a novel wire dipole is formed with Ki-iterated CAKC. The dipole is experimentally studied for fractal electrical characteristics revealing. It manifests many unique properties, such as multiband resonance at odd times of half-wavelength. In particular, it unprecedentedly presents normal mode (0:5 ¢ ') and axial mode (1:5¢') simultaneously. Thus, K2 CAKC wire is conflgured into folded monopole with circular disc ground for omni-directional and directive radiation. Five matched bands (jS11j • i10dB) are obtained within 1GHz{10GHz, of which f1 = 1:31GHz, f2 = 3:14GHz, f3 = 3:63GHz, f4 = 4:65GHz, and f5 = 7:71GHz. Compared with straight wire monopole (0:25¢'), this fractal monopole shows 31% height reduction. It has dipole-like patterns at f1 and f2, endflre patterns at f3 and f4 with high gain (10dBi), and ofi-endflre patterns at f5. Moreover, the fractal antenna possesses compactness, lightweight, simplicity, and low cost. So, it is an attractive candidate for multiband and multifunction antennas, such as satellite antennas, of which omni- directional normal mode and directive axial mode are needed for beaconing and communication respectively.


Summary form only given. We present the design and implementation of an open and cost-effective vehicle information appliance (VIA) to enable the access to all car status information (e.g., engine temperature, engine condition, brakes, etc), as well as communicating with car passengers (e.g., multimedia video conferencing). The main objective of the vehicle Internet appliance is to effectively utilize the Internet technology and services to make each car accessible by both car manufacturers and consumers by just browsing the vehicle Web site in a similar way to browsing any other Web site on the Internet. In this project, a cost-effective and novel interface architecture that enables the existing car networks such as the can (controller area network) and the most (media oriented systems transport) to be integrated with Internet services through general packet radio service (gprs) is designed, constructed and tested. Furthermore, the VIA opens up a possibility for an integrated communication environment for car status information, Internet, cellular phone and entertainment rather than being provided using isolated technologies (e.g., cellular voice service, gps, Internet services, field test data acquisition, etc). The application of VIA is explained in three major categories: manufacturing, entertainment, and safety and protection.


Dry matter (DM) contents of 34 maize silage samples were determined by toluene distillation and oven drying at 100°C. The toluene distillation method gave values 3.5–18.9% higher than the oven drying method. A highly significant correlation was shown between toluene dry matter and oven dry matter and an equation toluene DM = 0.95 oven DM + 3.3 (r = 0.95) presented which allows toluene dry matter to be readily estimated on a routine basis for maize silage.


This article is based upon the audio recording taken on September 9th 2016 by my children. I thank Chee Hok Lim for writing the first transcript in the World Scientific format and Ling-Lie Chau for comments and footnotes.


Cow's milk (CM) allergy is the most common food allergy in young children, affecting 2-3% of infants.1 Most CM allergic patients are co-sensitized to casein and whey (alphalactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin) proteins.1 In formula-fed infants with CM allergy, extensively hydrolyzed, amino acid-based, or soy formulas are typically recommended.2 Here we report a case where assessment for allergy to specific CM proteins allowed for formula choice beyond the typical recommendations.


This paper aims to understand and determine the key factors in adopting of the internet-based solutions for business and operation management by both low and high internet sensibility level companies. Those groups were identified and researched with using of the net readiness methodology. We investigated 71 companies in Poland. The level of e-business reception acts as an indirect determinant for the level of competitiveness of a company. According to the analysis, it was found that the high internet sensibility level enterprises are better prepared to the internet solutions reception than the other group of enterprises.


As the application problems of computer science become more and more distributed, open and dynamic,the multi agent technology has become one of the hot topics of AI research In this paper, we briefly introduce the MAS Builder, an environment that can implement and integrate multi agent systems In addition, we give an example to explain the methods to implement multi agent systems based on the MAS Builder: problem decomposition, agent definition,task module generation


In order to solve the feet-wheeled inverted pendulum's stability control problem, a control system of a feet-wheeled inverted pendulum based on double closed-loop PID controller combined with particle swarm optimization is proposed. In addition, we designed a cost function related to the control effect to increase the stability of the control system. Under matlab simulation conditions, stable control of the feet-wheeled inverted pendulum was achieved. Experimental results showed that after tuning, the step response of the controller parameters was better than that of the original parameters with the rise time and the settling time was shorter than that of the non-tuning PID controller. This algorithm has been applied to a vertical intelligent search-identify-sampling system based on the area CCD, showing the availability of the PSO-PID controller.


Objective
To evaluate the clinical efficacy of surgical resection of central hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) conforming to the Milan criteria.

Methods
Clinical data of 76 HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2010 to June 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 62 patients were male and 14 female,aged (57±11) years on average. The informed consents of all patients were obtained and the local ethical committee approval was received. According to the tumor location, all patients were divided into central type group (n=22) and peripheral type group (n=54). Intraoperative and postoperative conditions and survival were statistically compared between two groups. The recurrence rate between two groups was statistically compared by Chi-square test. The survival curve was delineated by Kaplan-Meier method. Survival analysis was performed by Log-rank test.

Results
The recurrence rate in central type group was 59%(13/22), including 11 cases of intrahepatic recurrence, 1 case of lung metastasis and 1 case of brain metastasis. The recurrence rate in peripheral type group was 46%(25/54), including 22 cases of intrahepatic recurrence, 2 cases of lung metastasis, 1 case of mediastinal metastasis and 1 case of bone metastasis. No significant difference was observed between two groups in tumor recurrence rate (χ2=1.024, P>0.05). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year disease-free survival rates in central type group were 68.2%, 45.5%, and 40.9%, which did not significantly differ from 79.5%, 67.8%, and 56.9% in peripheral type group (χ2=2.242, P>0.05). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates in central type group were 86.4%, 68.2%, and 50.9%, which did not significantly differ from 96.3%, 83.3%, and 71.6% in peripheral type group (χ2=1.276, P>0.05).

Conclusions
Patients with central HCC conforming to the Milan criteria can obtain similar long-term survival as the patients with peripheral HCC.

Key words:
Carcinoma, hepatocellular; Milan criteria; Hepatectomy; Neoplasm metastasis


' m Paris, in two different fields: the selection of the transplant donor, and the immunosuppression of the transplant recipient. These are the two types of approach that have brought us from the dark ages of the 1950s, when the transplantation of organs from one man to another was thought to be a hopeless task, to the present stage in which renal transplantation is successful in the . majority of cases. For example, in our series of 130 patients transplanted before July 1969 there were 99 cases of prolonged tolerance. Of these renal transplants, 77 have good function; 17 patients have now kept their allograft for five to more than ten years. This means, however, that there was a number of


The Council aims to promote and safeguard the interests of consumers and to campaign for the best possible standards of service and protection.
Sector: General
Address: 116 Holywood Road, Belfast, Antrim, BT4 1NY
Phone: +44 (0)28 9065 7701
Email: email@example.com


Virginia A. Moyer, MD, MPH, in March was named chair of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Albert L. Siu, MD, MSPH; and Michael L. LeFevre, MD, MSPH, will serve as co-vice chairs. The newly appointed leaders bring pediatric, geriatric and family medicine experience to the panel.


Optical image encryption technology has attracted a lot of attentions due to its large capacitance and fast speed. In conventional image encryption methods, the random phase masks are used as encryption keys to encode the images into white noise distribution. Therefore, this kind of methods requires interference technology to record complex amplitude and is vulnerable to attack techniques. The image hiding methods which employ the phase retrieve algorithm to encode the images into two or more phase masks are proposed, the hiding process is carried out within a computer using iterative algorithm. But the iterative algorithms are time consumed. All method mentioned above are based on the optical diffraction of the phase masks. In this presentation, a new optical image hiding method based on optical interference is proposed. The coherence lights which pass through two phase masks are combined by a beam splitter. Two beams interfere with each other and the desired image appears at the pre-designed plane. Two phase distribution masks are design analytically; therefore, the hiding speed can be obviously improved. Simulation results are carried out to demonstrate the novelty of the new proposed methods. This method can be expanded for double images hiding.


This article introduces the reader to the issue of verbal sequence in the poetry of the Hebrew Bible, a topic that was studied in depth as a doctoral dissertation. After noticing the peculiarities of the poetic discourse, it surveys the solutions offered to this crux interpretum to date, but concludes that these solutions are insufficient. Several limitations of such a study are assumed from the outset. We confine ourselves to the Psalter for various reasons given below. Terminologically, we resist the temptation of modern terminology by making use of terms that are as neutral as possible. Methodologically, we employ Systemic Functional Grammar to describe the grammatical incidents wherein verbs are included. Lastly, the paper concludes with an overview of the potential contributions of such a study.


In order to improve the informationization level and the simulated training ability of shipborne TTC equipment monitoring system,this paper designed a monitoring and training system of shipborne TTC equipment by using virtual instrument technology and HLA technology,and by taking Ethernet as the transmission medium,basing on in-depth research on principle and composition of shipborne TTC equipment.In view of the common characteristics between the equipment monitoring system and simulation training system,the monitoring system achieved the purpose of local monitoring terminal and data acquisition,by using SQL Server ADO functionality,Web publishing,XML technology and the LabWindows/CVI platform.And it accomplished data on Web publishing by using the Ajax technology architecture and VML voice.Finally,the system's reliability,access convenience and number flow control of network are the global optimization.


Recently electric and Fuel Cell ground transportation systems have been gaining importance in terms of improvement in environmental compatibility and of an increase in propulsion efficiency. There are several efforts to introduce battery and fuel cell to aviation, but the present propeller driven method has difficulty in weight and limited speed. In this paper, a newly proposed outer shell electromagnetic-driven fan is explained as an application to aero-engine use, and then for verification, the test result of fan motion mechanism and a realistic-size fan circuit analysis are presented.


It presents realization of genetic algorithm which solves the job shop scheduling problem, by using linked list, the needed time for the algorithm is decreased, the algorithm for computing the fitness values of the chromosome not only simplify the process of the genetic algorithm, but also express the result more clearly.


Although relationships biulding is at the core of direct practice in social work, the methodical instruction of relationship skills has done little to integrate the native expiernce of the social work student. In so far as the cardinal values of social work stress the uniqueness of persons and their inherent worth, much crucial personal experience is lost at the expense of learning by routinized methods. Utilization of personal experience is vital in developing relational skills relevant for practice. With this in mind, we have attempted to incorporate certain postmodern practice methods that emphasize the lived experience of clients in problem-solving into the instruction of clinical social work skills. Personal experience is used as a foundation for value and skill integration. A qualitative study was conducted using relational techniques as teaching tools. Results are offered suggesting fruitful application of such methods as preparation for practice. This work builds on published research by the secon...


As a chronic disease, asthma is relatively unusual in that many patients experience spontaneous remission of their symptoms. So, in this issue, Vonk et al have looked at genes associated with the remission of asthma rather than incidence. They looked at 790 participants with asthma of which 178 (23%) had a clinical remission and 55 (7%) had a complete remission with no ongoing bronchial hyper‐reactivity after 15 years median follow‐up. They also examined replication in two further independent cohorts. Significant hits were biologically plausible: FRS2, CCT, IL1RL1, IL18R1, and IL13. This opens up some potential avenues to investigate in animal models to understand how some people outgrow their asthma (Figure 1). We have previously heard that Asian children who are born in Australia have higher rates of eczema and nut allergy than those born in Asia. Wang et al have now extended this to look at eczema, asthma, food allergy using school entry health questionnaires. They found that children born in Australia to Asian‐born mothers were more likely to have food allergy and eczema but not asthma than non‐Asian children (Figure 2). In contrast, those born in the Asia who had moved to Australia had a much lower risk of food allergy, eczema, and asthma. So there seem to be different gene‐ environment interactions in food allergy and eczema compared to asthma. The obvious question is why? Reactions to foods can be very variable and we are only just starting to understand the reasons underlying this. Pettersson et al have looked at whether a high or low fat (23.9% vs 5.9%) content food matrix impacts on the level at which patients with peanut allergy react and the severity of their reactions. They made use of an observational data from over 200 double‐blind peanut challenges performed at the Beatrix's Children's Hospital in the University Medical Center Groningen. Importantly, the recipe used was based on the patient's preference. The high‐fat recipe was associated with significantly worse reactions but the eliciting dose was similar. Other studies have demonstrated a disassociated between severity and eliciting dose. Useful data to help our patients minimize their risk of suffering future severe allergic reactions. Finally, I hope that you enjoyed the BSACI annual meeting. I know that the meeting team has worked hard to organize an event with something for everyone. One of the highlights is perioperative anaphylaxis and Susana Marinho has written an excellent editorial in


Bazhenov abnormal sequences (BAS) are treated as result of protobazhenit plastic deformation by neocomian submarine slump on sedimentary slope. Protobazhenit mats had low bulk density (1.1-1.5 g/sm3) and positive buoyancy in silty-sandy mud of unconsolidated deposits (bulk density 1.7-1.8 g/sm3). Conceptual geomechanical model of BAS generation includes 6 studies: 1 - bedding (slipping) slide, breakage of under-achimovsky clay and protobazhenit, 2 - out-flow achimovsky sandy slump, 3 - slump pulp spreading under protobazhenit layer with its deformation and cracking, 4 - protobazhenit layer cracking due to local loading of growing sedimentary slope, 5 - secondary heaving sand injection through lateral protobazhenit brake side, 6 - burial stage. Up-floating of protobazhenit mats on semiliquid sedimentary slope occurred discretely with numerous subsidings, splittings and jumpings events. During sedimentary slope progradation mats had lack of Archimedes stability due to rising of sedimentary level, led to increment of hydraulic pressure on their side surfaces. The hydraulic fracturing conditions appeared when this pressure exceeded protobazhenit shear strength. Fracturing event was provoked by microseism or by hydraulic shock of gravity mass movement. Mat usually had splitted on two parts: lower part was fixed within sediments, upper one lifted to Archimedes equilibrium level. Splitting and up-lifting of mat produced debris flows, those were spreading on slope and enriched by protobazhenit'sinclasts. These outstanding debrit layers with bazhenitinclasts may be used as lithological markers of mats splitting events for achimovsky sequences. Theoretical model is illustrated by seismostratigraphic interpretation of achimovsky beds of Imilorskoe field of West Siberia. Two types of debrit layers with bazhenitinclasts was detected in well core. First type is generated byptotobazhenit layer's breakage by non-uniform load of sedimentary slope (fixed in one well). The second type is associated with on-slope splitting and up-lifting of protobazhenit mats (traced in core of three wells).


Precise systematic studies on the surface diffuseness parameter of the nuclear potential for the heavyion reactions involving the systems have been achieved by using large-angle quasi-elastic scattering at deep sub-barrier energies close to the Coulomb barrier height. The single-channel (SC) and coupled-channels (CC) calculations have been carried out to elicit the diffuseness parameter of the nuclear potential. The chi square method χ2 has been used with a view to find the best fitted value of the diffuseness parameter in comparison with the experimental data. The surface diffuseness parameters have been elicited from the coupled-channels calculations with inert projectile and vibrational target are in complete agreement with the standard value which is (0.63 fm) while the single-channel calculations give to a certain extent larger values in the range from 0.64 fm to 0.65 fm.


Mean maximum soil temperature under mulching with transparent polyethylene was recorded 56.4°C at surface, 53.6°C at 5 cm, 44.3°C at 10 cm and 39.4°C at 15 cm soil depth which were higher than non-solarized plots by 10.2, 9.4, 5.1 and 3.4°C, respectively. Soil solarization for five weeks reduced the emergence of all the weeds in wheat except Convolvulus arvensis. Solarization for five weeks gave 68.8 and 70.8% reduction in weed population and weed dry weight, respectively. The highest grain yield of wheat (5038 kg ha−1) was recorded with solarization for five weeks which was 27% higher over non-solarized control. Weeding at 20 days stage and isoproturon application was equally effective on weeds in wheat.


The Guillain-Barré syndrome is often preceded by a herpes virus infection. Herpes simplex virus, however, has rarely been observed as the causative agent. A patient is described with a herpes simplex virus infection followed by a Guillain-Barré syndrome. Immunoblotting was used to detect herpes simplex virus-specific antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid.


from the countryside of a high proportion of agricultural production, usually at the price of reducing the food situation of the peasants or maintaining it at a low level" (338-39). Kondrashin also argues that the imperialists pursued their policies for economic profit, whereas Soviet policies were in part a response to the danger of foreign attack and had the merit that, unlike imperialist policies, they sought to educate the peasants and promote agricultural development. These aspects of Stalinist policy also lead Kondrashin to reject Danilov's view that the famine was "social genocide" (379) directed against the peasants as a whole. But he condemns both the imperialists and the Stalinists for their shared belief in their own superiority to the lazy, ignorant, and backward peasants. Kondrashin—and this book—have played a major role in the bitter dispute between the Ukrainian and Russian governments, and some of their historians, about the general significance of the famine in Ukraine. The Ukrainians claim that the famine was "an act of genocide against the Ukrainian people," whereas Kondrashin argues that "it is scientifically more accurate and politically more far-sighted to characterize the famine of 1932-33 as occurring in the Soviet countryside, not exclusively in Ukraine" (248). His final words in this illuminating book reprove the dominant Ukrainian view in the context of rejection of Stalinism: "Stalinist golodomor [death by hunger] is a sad demonstration of what political decisions can lead to when they have not been properly thought out and rely only on the strength of state power, not on the support of the majority of the people. . . . The tragedy of 1932-1933 should not divide but unify the peoples" (380).


A detailed modelling approach to represent masonry at the meso-scale is proposed, based on the discrete element method, considering the nonlinear behavior of the joints and the units. The fracture of units is represented by the bonded-block concept, in which a random network of potential cracks is created, allowing the progressive development of failure mechanisms. For simplicity, only the 2D case is presented, but the extension to 3D is straightforward. A key component of the proposed model is a framework for a joint or interface constitutive model, including the post-peak softening range, taking into account the experimental fracture energies. In this model, the softening curves in tension or shear are defined by piecewise linear segments, calibrated to reproduce the most common masonry constitutive models. The essential issues involved in the application of bonded-block models to masonry are examined, namely the block shape, either Voronoi polygons or triangles; size; deformability; and the influence of the main constitutive parameters. Uniaxial compression tests are analyzed in detail. The simulation of a well-known experiment of a brick panel under shear shows the good performance of the proposed approach. The investigation results demonstrate the model's capabilities and provide guidelines for its application.


■ The fast-growing metropolitan areas of the 1990s became some of the slowest-growing in the first half of the 2000s, reflecting shifts in regional employment and housing dynamics since the late 1990s. San Jose, San Francisco, and Boston moved onto the list of slowest-growing metropolitan areas from 2000 to 2004, likely propelled by the post-2000 decline of technology industries and still-rising housing costs. Meanwhile, non-coastal, more affordable areas like Riverside, Stockton, and Sacramento climbed to rank among the fastest-growing metros, while increased growth in Albany, Hartford, and Providence perhaps reflects their "release valve" function in the New York and Boston housing markets.


To determine the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the energy consumption of Australian ambulance operations, and to identify the predominant energy sources that contribute to those emissions.


The book addresses the role of the Russian Federation within the post-Cold War European security architecture. It assesses the Russian foreign and security policy discourse as well as foreign and security policy making. Rather than confronting "Western" and "Russian" positions, the book provides a forum of debate among Russians, reflecting the authentic character of the internal security dialogue. Ukrainian and Belarussian perspectives are included for additional insight into the CIS dimension of Russian foreign and security policy. The book contains contributions by well-known analysts of Russian foreign and security policy such as Yevgeniy Bazhanov, Aleksey Filitov, Andrey Kortunov, Igor Maximychev, Tatyana Parkhalina, Sergey Rogov, Anatoliy Rozanov, Dmitriy Trenin and others. The contributions are introduced and commented by the editors.


For James Watson, 'A structure this pretty just had to exist'.1 For Maurice Wilkins, 'The structure was too perfect to be wrong'.2 Horace Judson, in his magisterial history of molecular biology The Eighth Day of Creation, described it as 'flawlessly beautiful … truly for the first time at the ultimate biological level structure had become one with function'.3 And, ever since Watson and Crick's letter to Nature of April 25 1953 – with its famous throwaway line 'it has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material' – science has been seduced by the elegant simplicity of the double helix into supposing that if we could only decode its genetic instructions, we would understand the programme that makes an organism.4


Abstract In Australia, fluoridation was first endorsed as an effective, safe and equitable means of improving population oral health over fifty years ago. However, recent opposition to attempts to introduce the measure in several regional Victorian towns has demonstrated that it remains a highly controversial health policy. This paper investigates the history of the Victorian fluoridation debate within a national and international context. It finds that although the evidence concerning fluoridation has advanced considerably, the essential arguments put forward by proponents and opponents have remained largely unchanged over that time. Protagonists incorporate the same scientific evidence yet come to polarised and unshakeable conclusions. I argue that the concept of deep structure ideation is a useful means to understand how this occurs. Furthermore, analysis of the ideas and social processes that determine a partisan position in the fluoridation debate makes this an important case study for approaching other durable scientific controversies.


In this paper, we propose a new cooperative spectrum sensing scheme for cooperative energy detection, named multi-selective scheme. The proposed cooperative sensing scheme is based on order statistics of the reporting links between the cooperative nodes and fusion center where the links with high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) are selected as reliable reporting links. The performance of the proposed scheme is compared to other existing schemes in terms of the probability of detection and probability of false alarm over independent identical distributed (i.i.d.) Rayleigh fading channels. These reliable reporting links send their hard/local decisions to the fusion center where final decision is made using N-out-of-K rule. The performance of our proposed spectrum sensing scheme is evaluated using both analytical and simulation results where it shows a significant performance improvement in-terms of the probability of detection and false alarm compared with some other existing schemes.


Governments in all continents are regulating and limiting the emissions generated by the transportation system. In this scenario, diesel engines will be out of all major markets between 2030 and 2040. In Brazil, the most prominent automotive market in South America, the introduction of the PL-8 regulations imposes the auto manufacturers to introduce new propulsion technologies starting in 2025. This paper studies the architecture selection and component sizing of an electric propulsion system for a light-commercial vehicle transformation from an internal diesel combustion (IC) engine to a full battery electric vehicle (BEV). The paper investigates four different driveline architectures and compares the results with the original IC vehicle regarding longitudinal performances (e.g., acceleration, maximum speed, and gradeability), energy consumption efficiency, CO2 emissions, and the total cost of ownership. In the end, the electric vehicle is evaluated as an investment by calculating its internal rate of return (IRR), payback (PB), and return on investment (ROI). The longitudinal performances and energy consumption efficiency are estimated using a one-dimensional (1D) model developed using Matlab/Simulink. The total cost of ownership and the projected vehicle retail price are determined based on the system sizing defined in this study and cost models from the literature review.


Sinus patients, both humans and animals, are increasing day by day in the world. That's why today signal analysis has been the need to know the diseases in the patient. Biomedical signal processing (BSP) has great importance in the life of every human and animal. Without BSP signals cannot be analysed, resulting in failure of disease acknowledgment. In this paper respiratory signals of Sinus and Normal Person has been analysed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Auto-Regressive Time-Frequency Analysis (ARTFA). PCA is used where dimension reduction is required. It has found many applications in BSP. ARTFA allows us to follow the changes in frequencies involved in the signal through time. For this, frequency changes in time are required to be observed. FFT examines the signal in frequency domain and calculates the spectral function (SF). In this paper, the variance of First Principal Component and Second Principal Component have been calculated for Sinus and Normal Person and these values are 86.94%, 13.05% and 92.733%, 7.266% respectively.


This paper proposes a comparative study on the predictive accuracy of some classical system identification techniques with respect to recent learning-based approaches. The comparison is made on three case studies in the paradigm of Cyber-Physical Systems: a bilinear model whose parameters are derived from a real building experimental setup; an F-16 aircraft benchmark based on ground vibration experimental test data (with unknown model); a climate control experimental setup in a real building of the University of L'Aquila (with unknown model). For each case study, we compare diverse approaches producing predictive models of heterogeneous classes, whose accuracy is tested over a fixed time horizon. A discussion on the trade-off between predictive accuracy and model complexity is proposed with control applications in mind.


Human dental enamel has a porous mesostructure at the nanometre to micrometre scales that affects its thermal and mechanical properties relevant to laser treatment. We exploit finite-element models to investigate the response of this mesostructured enamel to mid-infrared lasers (CO2 at 10.6 µm and Er:YAG at 2.94 µm). Our models might easily be adapted to investigate ablation of other brittle composite materials. The studies clarify the role of pore water in ablation, and lead to an understanding of the different responses of enamel to CO2 and Er:YAG lasers, even though enamel has very similar average properties at the two wavelengths. We are able to suggest effective operating parameters for dental laser ablation, which should aid the introduction of minimally-invasive laser dentistry. In particular, our results indicate that, if pulses of ≈10 µs are used, the CO2 laser can ablate dental enamel without melting, and with minimal damage to the pulp of the tooth. Our results also suggest that pulses with 0.1–1 µs duration can induce high stress transients which may cause unwanted cracking.


The calculating models of mass action concentration for electrolyte aqueous chloride solutions KBr-H2O,NH4Br-H2O,and ZnBr2-H2O were founded at 298.15 K to calculate the molalities before saturation according to the ion and molecule coexistence theory and the mass action law.The calculated mass action concentration is based on pure species as the standard state and mole fraction as the concentration unit,and the reported activities are usually based on infinite dilution as the standard state and molality as the concentration unit.Hence,the calculated mass action concentration must be transformed to the same standard state and concentration unit.The transformation coefficients between calculated mass action concentrations and the reported activities of the same component fluctuate in a very narrow range.Thus,the transformed mass action concentrations not only agree well with the reported activities,but also strictly obey the mass action law.It is indicated that the new developed models can embody the intrinsic structure of the investigated three electrolyte aqueous solutions.Electrolyte aqueous solutions have characters of ideal solution under the assumed condition.The results also show that the mass action law has its widespread applicability to electrolyte binary aqueous solutions.


1 This is the written version of the Cattedra Galileana lectures, Scuola Normale Supe-riore, in Pisa, 2002, made possible through the wonderful organizational work of Maurizio Pratelli, to whom I am most grateful. I am also grateful for support for the course offered by the Associazione Amici della Scuola Normale Superiore, who were generously represented by Mr. Carlo Gulminelli.


The purpose of this study is to examine preschool teachers attitude how a tablet can be used to arouse children's interests and curiosity when it comes to science and technology. To examine this, interviews with six preschool teachers from five different preschools in three municipalities implemented. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were chosen to find out their personal views and thereby increase the possibilities to get as detailed and complete answers as possible. The results of this study show that preschool teachers have a positive attitude about the tablet in preschool. According to all interviewed preschool teachers, the tablet device is used to search for information and documentation within subjects such as science and technology. The result of this study also shows that the preschool teacher's competence has been a significant factor in how the tablet is used in preschool. Preschool teacher who have worked the shortest time in preschool and have a further education sees more opportunities and have a higher competence around how the tablet can be used as an educational tool in their education.


A mobile random network (MANET) is a self-organizing cordless network composed of mobile nodes and requires no set system. Routing is a crucial task in MANET as the nodes are moving. So, the principal goal of your ad hoc routing standard protocol is to determine the correct and reliable way between any couple of nodes with minimal overhead. Routing overhead is an essential metric. In the event the control overhead of any ggested method is high, that method cannot work very well then in MANET. In this particular newspaper a view is offered by us of theoretical evaluation of the routing over head involved and the many approaches that are used to reduce the control overhead incurred by various routing protocols.


Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems require integration of non-destructive technologies into structural design and operational processes. Modeling and simulation of complex NDE inspection processes are important aspects in the development and deployment of SHM technologies. Ray tracing techniques are vital simulation tools to visualize the wave path inside a material. These techniques also help in optimizing the location of transducers and their orientation with respect to the zone of interrogation. It helps in increasing the chances of detection and identification of a flaw in that zone. While current state-of-the-art techniques such as ray tracing based on geometric principle help in such visualization, other information such as signal losses due to spherical or cylindrical shape of wave front are rarely taken into consideration. The problem becomes a little more complicated in the case of dispersive guided wave propagation and near-field defect scattering. We review the existing models and tools to perform ultrasonic NDE simulation in structural components. As an initial step, we develop a ray-tracing approach, where phase and spectral information are preserved. This enables one to study wave scattering beyond simple time of flight calculation of rays. Challenges in terms of theory and modelling of defects of various kinds are discussed. Various additional considerations such as signal decay and physics of scattering are reviewed and challenges involved in realistic computational implementation are discussed. Potential application of this approach to SHM system design is highlighted and by applying this to complex structural components such as airframe structures, SHM is demonstrated to provide additional value in terms of lighter weight and/or longevity enhancement resulting from an extension of the damage tolerance design principle not compromising safety and reliability.


Considering wide use of Twitter as the source of information, reaching an interesting tweet for a user among a bunch of tweets is challenging. In this work we propose a Named Entity Recognition (NER) based user profile modeling for Twitter users and employ this model to generate personalized tweet recommendations. E↵ectiveness of the proposed method is shown through a set of experiments.


A shaped spring plate (1) made of plastic reinforced with fiber, comprising a unit positive orientation with at least a layer of positive guidance (21) and a unit of negative orientation with at least one layer of negative orientation (22 ) having the spring (1) a laminated structure (20) in which are arranged alternately unit positive orientation and unit negative orientation oriented in the layer positively oriented fibers (21) being in an orientation angle (θ1) positive direction relative to the longitudinal direction of the plate spring, and located in the layer of negatively oriented fibers (22) oriented at an orientation angle (θ2) negative direction with respect to the longitudinal direction of being plate spring, wherein an absolute value of the yaw angle (θ1) of the positive orientation layer (21) and orientation angle (θ2) of the layer negative orientation (22) are configured so that they are respectively between 20 and 30 degrees.


The steerability of shopping cart varies with loading weight or position, affecting comfort and safety. The proposed active steering caster offers constant steerability of a cart. This caster consists of an electromagnetic clutch and a motor. The steering shaft is driven by the motor, and the transmission of that drive can be switched by the clutch. These casters are mounted at two diagonal points on the cart. By controlling the steering shaft of these casters according to the user's pushing force on the cart, constant steerability can be provided without being affected by the loading weight or position. In this paper, we propose the active steering caster with passive function and its arrangement on the cart with mixing the conventional casters.


SCIENCE AND COMMERCE. IN commenting on the report of the National Physical Laboratory for I915-i6, Nature recalls the serious anxiety caused to those responsible for the supply of optical munitions by the shortage of suitable glass at the beginning of the war, for the industr-y of optical glass productionhad tended more and more to become a German monopoly. With the aid of a grant from the Privy Council Committee for Scientific and Industrial Research, a number of inquiries were instituted. So far the main work has been directed to the production of satisfactory pots, since one of the principal difficulties in the manufacture of optical' glass lies in the choice of suitable material for the pots in wvhich it is made. Similar work on heatresisting materials, and generally on the behaviour of


The paper introduces case study to analyze and sums up two on-site inspection skills on transporting timber so as to protect forest resources effectively.


Abstract : Overpressure time history data from warhead blast experiments yield peak overpressure P as a function of spatial position. Dr. Owen Litt has proposed a model for P based on the peak overpressure characteristics of a bare spherical charge. The direction independent peak overpressure function for a bare spherical charge is modified to have nonspherical level surface structure by specifying surfaces of constant peak overpressure. This introduces a directional component into the model. In this report, the original formulation is refined and generalized and a mathematical model and computer code are presented to evaluate the function. Such a computational device is required for model parameter estimation and experiment design.


In our comments on Pontecorvo and Fasulo's (1999) paper we propose that contact with an object of investigation sets in motion a dynamic network of meanings which structures and canalizes a complex set or repertoire of possible interpretations available to the researcher/commentator. Some of those meanings might be collective, such as those produced over long historical or prospective time. Others derive from personal experiences and expectations obtained throughout life. The main influences come from the roles and counter-roles reciprocally attributed to and assumed by each person in a here-and-now situation. Thus, simultaneously similar and diverse scientific discourses are produced. A more detailed description of the production conditions of the verbal transcripts of the family's meal, by allowing a finer analysis of the interplay of factors that together constrain and canalize the 'discourse game' under investigation, could help to improve the agreement between researcher and commentators.


Hyperspectral remote sensing image is easily contaminated by noise, which will affect the application of hyperspectral image, such as target detection, classification and segmentation, etc. Therefore, a denoising method of hyperspectral remote sensing image based on multiple linear regression (MLR) and wavelet shrinkage (WS) is proposed. Firstly, the residual image and the predicted image are obtained via MLR. Secondly, WS is performed on the residual image to remove the noise in the spatial domain. Lastly, a final denoised image is obtained by the predicted image and the corrected residual image. The experimental results show that the proposed method can improve signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) of the hyperspectral image efficiently.


Marketing efficiency acquires ever-increasing importance, both for the scientific community, and in the practice. At the corporate level there have - in theoretical plan - been developed and are applied a multitude of metrics for its assessment. The question whether these metrics are applicable and whether they are used in the activity of companies possessing scarce resources, has not yet been studied thoroughly. The main aim of this article is to ascertain within a particular market whether or not small businesses apply in their practice the developed metrics for assessment of the marketing efficiency of their investments.


The objective of the present work was the morphometric characterization of the fruit and seed in four species of the genus Vanilla for Vanilla planifolia G. Jackson, Vanilla insignis Ames, Vanilla Inodora Schiede and Vanilla pompona Schiede, within V. planifolia G. Jackson is considered eight clones. The biological material used was taken from the genebank of vainilla from the Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico. For the analysis of results were used for correlation analysis, principal component analysis and clustering. The morphometric characters more discriminants of seed were: Perimeter, Feret diameter, radial axis, and the length of the hilum and compaction index ( rst principal component). Placental zone area of the fruit, thickness of the fruit, and relationship length /thickness of the fruit (second principal component). Upper Corner of seed, relationship area of placental zone/area of the mesocarp of the fruit, relationship angle lower/upper corner of seed (third principal component). The three main components accumulated 80 % of the total variation. The separation between the di erent species of vanilla and clones in four well-de ned groups, indicating that there is variability morphometrics in fruit and seed between species and clones that can be useful for discrimination and di erentiation of the germplasm of vanilla.


This paper of action research discusses the emergent progress of multimodality in the classroom interaction. Despite the pivotal role of multimodality in interaction in the foreign language classroom, little attention has been paid to how embodied behaviours are used as a resource by students in relation to Classroom Interactional Competence (CIC). The study, therefore, aims to assess how multimodality influences learning from learner's perspectives. The data for this study ADDIN EN.CITE
 <Cite ExcludeAuth="1"
ExcludeYear="1"> Applebaum 1979 354 354 <key
app="EN" db-id="005prawx9rwerqesdtox5psgv0eaw5pppxx0"
timestamp="1418219491">354 <ref-type
name="Journal
Article">17 Applebaum,
E. Egel, A. L. Koegel,
R. L. Imhoff, B. Measuring
musical abilities of autistic children Journal
of Autism and Developmental
Disorders Journal
of Autism and Developmental
Disorders 279-285 9 1979 is based on the video-recording of an English grammar lesson for adult learners. Drawing on a Conversation Analysis (CA) approach to look into the interactional unfolding of multimodal behaviours, this study uncovered the potential impact of multimodality on interaction in a foreign language classroom. The findings have significant implications for research on CIC and language teacher education .


a projected to sizes ofthe corneal wound in sq mm. Thus for each animal a healing curve, represented by the decrease in size of the denuded area was determined by plotting the serial wound area against the time the Kodachrome photographs were taken. Slopes were calculated for all the healing rates individually and the results were averaged for all animals within each ofthe three experimental and the one control groups. The data was expressed in rate of decrease of size ofcorneal wound area (sq mm/hr).


The welfare reform debate is proceeding against a background of high unemployment and rising inequality. In Australia, the blueprint for reform of the social security system developed by the McClure Report is built around the notion of mutual obligation — the idea that those who receive support from government should be required to 'give something back'. Public opinion is supportive of requiring mutual obligation of some groups of the unemployed, but it also supports the view that solving unemployment generally is the government's responsibility. Although welfare reforms introduced in the US and UK have reduced the welfare rolls, their impact on wages and the labour market must also be considered. If welfare reform in Australia is to avoid the low wages and extreme poverty that are features of the US, welfare reform will need to be accompanied by reform of the labour market.


This communication inserts in the scope of the increasing planning concerns with the economic evaluation of public investments, within a regional perspective in order to fukfill efficiency criteria.The research reported here settles, on the one hand, in a revision of recent literature about this issue and, on the other, in a case study applied to the Portuguese Northern Region.The study develops through the following steps: (i) ex-post analysis of the aggregated impact of public investments in infrastructures and public works, (ii) evaluation of the degree of attainment of the ex-ante settled goals of efficiency, economic growth and inter-regional fairness, (iii) development of an integrated set of decision-support tools concerning the aggregated ex-post evaluation of these kinds of investments.It is expected that this assessment of the impact of past public investments allows to take implications for the future, in order to improve regional policies of integrated, balanced and efficient development through: (i) the definition of transparency and efficiency criteria in the application of the public money, (ii) the redesign of future policies for public investments, and (iii) the support to a more balanced inter-regional development.


The authors' objective is to investigate the purchase timing behavior of households in two product categories for which the decision of a household to make a purchase in one category at a given point in time influences purchase in the other category. Interdependence in purchase timing between the two categories is modeled using a bivariate hazard function approach that accounts for unobserved heterogeneity. The authors provide empirical results from five durable and nondurable goods product category pairs—pasta and pasta sauce, liquid and powder detergents, clothes washers and dryers, soup and yogurt, and room air conditioners and dishwashers. The latter two categories are included in the analysis to ensure that the model can distinguish between true and spurious dependence caused by categories being purchased together. The authors find that the estimated cross-category correlation parameter obtained from the bivariate hazard model is consistent with prior expectations in each of the product categories. As in the literature on univariate hazard models, the authors find the bivariate hazard functions to be nonmonotonic in nature. Using the proposed model, the impact of price reductions in one category on the purchase probabilities in both categories is examined using the pasta/pasta sauce product pair. Given the positive relationship in the purchasing in these two categories, the authors find that a price cut in one category increases the purchase probabilities of both pasta and pasta sauce.


SRD(Switched Reluctance Drive) is a new kind of speed-regulated system which was developed in the mid of 80's.In this paper,the development,the construction and the featuses of Switched Reluctance Drive are introduced. The research trend and key technique of SRD are analyzed.Some research accomplishments at home and abroad are introduced. The development trend and application foreground of SRD are prospected.


Various challenges one after another will confront the prospective Hafidz Al Qur'an. Parents expect their children to be able to memorize the Qur'an. The purpose of this study is to find out genuinely about the problems of non-resident Islamic elementary students who attend the Tahfizdul Qur'an program. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods with in-depth analysis while extracting data using data triangulation, namely: interviews, observation, and documentation. From the results of the study, the problems were found that several causes prevented them from memorizing the Qur'an; including learning problems that quickly disappeared; having difficulty in remembering; still unable to be disciplined in following the memorizing Qur'an program; feeling lazy and comfortable; and more time to play gaged than memorizing. The solution given is calling not to leave new memorization for too long; it is a system of rote repeating; may listen to from others; including tapes, recordings, and others;  give understanding to children to understand the meaning of memorized material and try to reflect on it.


Objective: To analyze the relationship between the resistance and outer membrane proteins of 35 Acinetobacter baumannii islolates.Methods:Outer membrane proteins(OMP) were extracted by ultrasound physical method and analyzed by SDS-PAGE.Accumulation of ciprofloxacin by A.baumannii was determined by direct Fluorescence method.Results:There have 10 mian OMP tapes in 35 isolates.The analysis of outer menbrane proteins showed that a protein of 29 ku disappeared and 26 ku protein enhanced in resistant isolates.The accumulation of ciprofloxacin in resistant isolates decreased.After treatment with NaN 3,the drug uptake increased to the normal level.Conclusion:Active drug efflux and outer membrane protein permeability decreasement were the factors contributing to the resistance of A.baumannii .


Submitted for the MAR15 Meeting of The American Physical Society Control of multi-qubit nodes for diamond quantum networks JULIA CRAMER, M. ADRIAAN ROL, NORBERT KALB, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, VIATCHESLAV V. DOBROVITSKI, Ames Laboratory and Iowa State University, RONALD HANSON, TIM H. TAMINIAU, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft — Quantum networks consisting of multiple connected nodes enable distributed quantum computation and secure quantum communication. Such networks require multi-qubit quantum registers that can be remotely linked. In this work we demonstrate initialization and control of multiple qubits in a nitrogenvacancy (NV) node in diamond. We use the NV electron spin as an ancillary qubit to detect individual weakly coupled nuclear carbon-13 spins and construct high-fidelity quantum gates [1]. With these gates we show initialization, control and entanglement of multiple nuclear spins. Combined with projective measurements of the NV electron spin [2] and long-range entanglement through optical channels [3] at cryogenic temperatures, this work paves the way for communication between distant quantum nodes via ancillary qubits while preserving complex entangled states in quantum memories within the nodes. [1] T.H. Taminiau et al., Nature Nanotech. 9, 171 (2014) [2] L. Robledo et al., Nature 477, 547 (2011) [3] W. Pfaff et al., Science 345, 532-535 (2014) Julia Cramer Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft Date submitted: 14 Nov 2014 Electronic form version 1.4