To investigate the effects of polysaccharides isolated from the seeds of Plantago asiatica L.(PL-PS) on the secretion activity of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells(DCs).Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells were induced by 5-day-culture in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum,recombinant mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4,and then CD11c+ cells isolated by MACS were cultured for 24 h in the presence of PL-PS at varying concentrations.The levels of IL-12p70,IL-10 and IL-1β in culture supernatant of DCs were detected by ELISA.Results showed that PL-PS up-regulated the secretion of IL-12p70 and IL-1β,down-regulated the secretion of IL-10 in a dose-dependent manner at 25-100μg/mL.The effects of PL-PS on the cytokine secretion of DCs suggested that PL-PS may play a role in inducing cellullar immunologic response.


modified. Fortunately, we have both the experienced personnel and the technological capacity to construct a Manpower System, exercise it, and train personnel by it. We do not have to accept partial fulfillment from the testing of one or another minuscule model when complete fulfillment from the testing of the entire Manpower System is available. We therefore propose that these two models of Illness and Health be accepted as a basis for the logical programing of a computer-based Manpower System; specifically, the Health Manpower Subsystem. Design of an appropriate system will require empirical research to tie down each proposition in the computer program. Programing will permit simulation of these two models within the comprehensive H e a 1 t h Manpower Subsystem. With simulation, we can modify parameters (e.g., Illness, Health, the Public, closure, ratios, and so forth) and determine their consequences; e.g., how Social Security or the Engineering Manpower Subsystem affects health manpower. Furthermore, the simulation will provide a vehicle by which to train personnel for functions appropriate to health which we cannot now predict or comprehend. In summary, because neither illness nor health respects the closure offered by artificial boundary lines, a computer-based system for health manpower simulation may very well become the entering wedge toward a comprehensive, world perspective on manpower.


e16216 Background: Clinical trials had confirmed the efficacy and safety of Huaier granules in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but real-world evidence is still lacking. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the real-world effectiveness and safety of Huaier granules for HCC recurrence after ablation. Methods: Post-ablation patients with no residual lesions confirmed by imaging were enrolled in this study and divided into the Huaier granule group and the control group based on receiving Huaier granules or not. Propensity-score matching was performed according to age, gender, TACE within 3 months before ablation, alpha-fetoprotein level, time interval between ablation and enrollment, and Child-Pugh Grade in 1-(up)-to-2 ratio. The primary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS), and the secondary outcomes were local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) and adverse events (AEs). Results: There were 340 patients in the Huaier granule group and 141 patients in the control group. After propensity score matching, 189 patients and 111 patients were selected for the Huaier granule group and the control group, respectively. There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics between two groups after matching. The median follow-up time of the Huaier granule group and the control group were 49.14 weeks and 73.29 weeks, respectively. The number of PFS events were 29 (15.34%) and 27 (24.32%) in the Huaier granule group and the control group, respectively. The 48, 72, and 96-week PFS rates were 87.4%, 79.4% and 75.2% in the Huaier granule group, and 79.9%, 70.1% and 66.5% in the control group, respectively ( P=0.1649). The number of LRFS events were 27 and 25 in the Huaier granule group and the control group, respectively. In the pre-matching Huaier granule cohort, the incidence of AEs, serious AEs, and grade ≥ 3 AEs were 54 (16.56%), 30 (9.20%) and 14 (4.30%), respectively. Conclusions: This study suggested potential benefit in PFS and RFS and favorable safety profile of Huaier granules in patients with HCC after ablation. Longer-term follow-up is needed to confirm this finding.[Table: see text]


The transformation of the narrative form of biblical theology into a dramatic theology that uses drama in reading, interpreting and presenting the message of the Scripture is discussed. The model of 'improvisation' used in dramatic theology enables improvisers to narrate the Scripture according to the circumstances, thereby teaching us to respond intuitively to others' needs and to communicate the teachings of Christ.


The effects of the digestible lysine level were assessed in feeds for Nile tilapia fingerlings (Oreochromis niloticus), based on the ideal protein concept. Four hundred and thirty two reverted fingerlings were used, average weight 1.12 ± 0.02 g, in a randomized complete design, consisting of 6 feeds, six replications and twelve fish per experimental unit. The diets consisted of a basal diet with 29.12% crude protein and 3,000 kcal/kg digestible energy, supplemented with synthetic amino acids, resulting in six diets with 0.95; 1.10; 1.25; 1.40; 1.55 and 1.70% digestible lysine and minimum ratios between methionine plus cystine, threonine, thryptophan, isoleucine, arginine with the lysine (66, 77, 23, 64 and 85%, respectively), based on digestible values. The fish were maintained in 130 liter aquaria equipped with individual water and controlled temperature and aeration. The fish were fed to apparent satiation, six times a day, for 30 days. Growth performance, body composition, body protein and fat deposition and nitrogen retention efficiency of the fish were evaluated. The increase in the dietary digestible lysine did not affect the survival rate and body fat level of the fishes. However, there was linear improvement in all the other parameters assessed, except lysine use efficiency and the body humidity, that showed quadratic and lineardecline, respectively. The levels of 1.80 (0.600% Mcal of DE) total lysine and 1.70% (0.567% Mcal of DE) digestible lysine, respectively, result in the best performance and carcass characteristics of Nile tilapia fingerlings, when the ideal protein concept is used to formulate the experimental diets.


The relation of alcoholism to epilepsy is a subject of such magnitude, so comprehensive and varied, that I shall confine myself briefly to but one part of one aspect of it, namely, the relation it bears in the moderate drinking parent to epilepsy in the child, leaving as the subject for a future paper the grosser and more palpable development of epilepsy in the drunkard himself, as a result of his excesses. There are illustrations, as you know; everybody knows of the extreme cases, where the victim of drink is not an epileptic and not commonly understood to be a drunkard, and yet as a result of his occasional convivial habit, or of his becoming slightly intoxicated almost every night, epilepsy or other neuroses manifest themselves in one or more of his children, just as fortunately there are cases where epilepsy in the parent as the result of drink, is


Nowadays, mobile communication is growing rapidly and become an everyday commodity. The vast deployment of real-time services in Long Term Evolution (LTE) network demands for the scheduling techniques that support the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. LTE is designed and implemented to fulfill the users' QoS. However, 3GPP does not define the specific scheduling technique for resource distribution which leads to vast research and development of the scheduling techniques. In this context, a review of the recent scheduling algorithm is reported in the literature. These schedulers in the literature cause high Packet Loss Rate (PLR), low fairness, and high delay. To cope with these disadvantages, we propose an enhanced EXPRULE (eEXPRULE) scheduler to improve the radio resource utilization in the LTE network. Extensive simulation works are carried out and the proposed scheduler provides a significant performance improvement for video application without sacrificing the VoIP performance. The eEXPRULE scheduler increases video throughput, spectrum efficiency, and fairness by 50%, 13%, and 11%, respectively, and reduces the video PLR by 11%.


Our challenge is to model plant species distributions in complex montane environments using disparate sources of data, including topography, geology, and hyperspectral data. From an ecologist's point of view, species distributions are determined by local environment and disturbance history, while spectral data are 'ancillary.' However, a remote sensor's perspective says that spectral data provide picture of what vegetation is there, topographic and geologic data are ancillary. In order to bridge the gap, all available data should be used to get the best possible prediction of species distributions using complex multivariate techniques implemented on a GIS. Vegetation reflects local climatic and nutrient conditions, both of which can be modeled, allowing predictive mapping of vegetation distributions. Geologic substrate strongly affects chemical, thermal, and physical properties of soils, while climatic conditions are determined by local topography. As elevation increases, precipitation increases and temperature decreases. Aspect, slope, and surrounding topography determine potential insolation, so that south-facing slopes are warmer and north-facing slopes cooler at a given elevation. Topographic position (ridge, slope, canyon, or meadow) and slope angle affect sediment accumulation and soil depth. These factors combine as complex environmental gradients, and underlie many features of plant distributions. Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data, digital elevation models, digitized geologic maps, and 378 ground control points were used to predictively map species distributions in the central and southern White Mountains, along the western boundary of the Basin and Range province. Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) bands were calculated from the visible and near-infrared AVIRIS bands, and combined with digitized geologic maps and topographic variables using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). CCA allows for modeling species 'envelopes' in multidimensional environmental space, which can then be projected across entire landscapes.


A simple, precise, and rapid HPTLC method has been established for quantitative determination of the bioactive marker compound mangiferin in Mangifera indica. Chromatography was performed on pre-activated silica gel 60F254 plates with ethyl acetate-methanol-water-formic acid 10:1.0:1.0:0.5 (v/v) as mobile phase. Detection and quantification were performed densitometrically at 270 nm with mangiferin as external standard. The method was validated for selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness. Optimization of a suitable solvent for extraction was also achieved. Intra-day and inter-day RSD were 0.67% and 0.95%, respectively. Instrumental precision and repeatability were 0.43 and 0.81, respectively. Accuracy was checked by studying recovery at three levels; average recovery was 92.5%. The method was used for estimation of mangiferin in the stem bark and leaves of Mangifera indica. This method for quantitative monitoring of mangiferin in Mangifera indica is rapid, simple, and accurate and can be used for routine quality testing.


Controlling the interfacial properties between the electrode and active layer in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) can significantly affect their contact properties, resulting in improvements in device performance. However, it is difficult to apply to top‐contact‐structured OFETs (one of the most useful device structures) because of serious damage to the organic active layer by exposing solvent. Here, a spontaneously controlled approach is explored for optimizing the interface between the top‐contacted source/drain electrode and the polymer active layer to improve the contact resistance (RC). To achieve this goal, a small amount of interface‐functionalizing species is blended with the p‐type polymer semiconductor and functionalized at the interface region at once through a thermal process. The RC values dramatically decrease after introduction of the interfacial functionalization to 15.9 kΩ cm, compared to the 113.4 kΩ cm for the pristine case. In addition, the average field‐effect mobilities of the OFET devices increase more than three times, to a maximum value of 0.25 cm2 V−1 s−1 compared to the pristine case (0.041 cm2 V−1 s−1), and the threshold voltages also converge to zero. This study overcomes all the shortcomings observed in the existing results related to controlling the interface of top‐contact OFETs by solving the discomfort of the interface optimization process.


Effects on the physioligical functionality, such as tyrosinase(concerned with beauty and whitening), xanthine oxidase(concerned with gout), angiotensin converting enzyme(concerned with hypertension), electron donating ability and superoxid desmutase(concerned with free radical), and Nitrite scanveng...


Preface. About the Authors. Standards. I. FOUNDATIONS OF TEACHING METHODS. 1. The Teacher as a Decision Maker. Effective Teaching Decisions about Basic Teaching Functions Essential Teacher Characteristics Expectations for Effectiveness Standards and Professional Development INTASC Standards Principles of Learning and Teaching A Framework for Teaching National Board for Professional Teaching Standards The Teacher As A Reflective Decision Maker Reflective Practice Aspects of Instructional Decision Making Reflection and a Constructivist Approach to Teaching Reflective Practice and Your Continuous Learning II. PLANNING INSTRUCTION. 2. The Fundamentals of Planning. What is Planning? Reasons for Planning Planning Phases Factors Considered in Planning Planning and the Standards Movement Approaches to Planning The Linear-Rational Model The Mental-Image Approach Additional Planning Considerations Resources for Planning Teacher--Student Planning Team Planning Preparing a Syllabus Planning to Motivate Students Planning to Use Academic Time Wisely How Teachers Really Plan 3. Types of Teacher Planning. Types of Teacher Plans Course Planning Term Planning Unit Planning Weekly Planning Daily Planning Components of a Daily Lesson Plan Identifying Course Information Objectives for the Lesson Procedures Materials Evaluation of Students Other Possible Items 4. Differentiating Instruction for Diverse Learners. Implications for Diverse Classrooms Sources of Student Diversity Cognitive Area Affective Area Physical Area Learning Styles Creative Potential Gender Language Cultural Diversity Disabilities Students at Risk Socioeconomic Status Creating an Inclusive, Multicultural Classroom Create a Supportive, Caring Environment Offer a Responsive Curriculum Vary Your Instruction Provide Assistance When Needed Differentiating Your Instruction Elements of the Curriculum that Can be Differentiated Students Characteristics for Which Teachers Can Differentiate Instructional Strategies that Facilitate Instruction Motivating Diverse Students for Instruction III. SELECTING INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES 5. Direct Instructional Strategies. Deductive and Inductive Strategies Direct Instructional Approaches Direct Instruction Presentations Demonstrations Questions Recitations Practice and Drills Reviews Guided Practice and Homework 6. Indirect Instructional Strategies. Inductive Approaches Concept Attainment Approaches Inquiry Lessons Projects, Reports, and Problems Social Approaches Discussions Cooperative Learning Panels and Debates Role Playing, Simulations, and Games Independent Approaches Learning Centers or Stations Contracts and Independent Work 7. Strategies that Promote Student Understanding Identifying Similarities and Differences Summarizing and Note Taking Summarizing Note Taking Reinforcing Effort and Providing Recognition Reinforcing Effort Providing Recognition Homework and Practice Homework Practice Nonlinguistic Representations Setting Objectives and Providing Feedback Setting Objectives Providing Feedback Generating and Testing Hypotheses Cues, Questions, and Advance Organizers Cues and Questions Advance Organizers IV. MANAGING INSTRUCTION AND THE CLASSROOM. 8. Managing Lesson Delivery. Issues Affecting Lesson Delivery The Degree of Structure in Lessons Grouping Students for Instruction Holding Students Academically Accountable Managing Parts of the Lesson The Beginning of a Lesson The Middle of a Lesson The Ending of a Lesson Managing Student Work Managing Seatwork Effectively Collecting Assignments and Monitoring Their Completion Maintaining Records of Student Work Managing Paperwork Giving Students Feedback Managing Whole-Group Instruction Preventing Misbehavior Managing Movement Through the Lesson Maintaining a Group Focus Maintaining Student Attention and Involvement 9. Classroom Management. Classroom Management Order in the Classroom Areas of Responsibility Principles for Working with Students and Preventing Misbehavior What Effective Behavior Management Accomplishes Preparing for the School Year Making Management Preparations Making Instructional Preparations Managing Assessments, Record Keeping, and Reporting Establishing a Plan to Deal with Misbehavior Planning for the First Day Conducting the First Day Organizing Your Classroom and Materials Floor Space Storage Space Bulletin Boards and Wall Space Selecting and Teaching Rules and Procedures Rules Procedures Maintaining Appropriate Student Behavior Having a Mental Set for Management Building Positive Teacher-Student Relationships Helping Students Assume Responsibility for Their Behavior Reinforcing Desired Behaviors 10. Classroom Discipline. Misbehavior Misbehavior in Context Causes of Misbehavior Types of Misbehavior Degrees of Severity Interventions The Principle of Least Intervention Some Practices to Avoid Cautions and Guidelines for Punishment A Three-Step Response Plan Situational Assistance Mild Responses Moderate Responses Dealing with Chronic Misbehaviors V. ASSESSING AND REPORTING STUDENT PERFORMANCE. 11. Assessing Student Performance. Evaluation Types of Evaluation Measurement, Assessment, and Evaluation Norm-referenced and Criterion-referenced Evaluation Characteristics of Good Assessment Instruments Establishing a Framework for Evaluation Performance-Based Assessments Product Assessments Performance Assessments Ways to Rate Student Products or Performances Teacher-Made Tests Planning the Classroom Test Selecting and Preparing Test Questions Assembling the Test Administering the Test Scoring the Test Motivational Strategies Concerning Evaluation and Feedback 12. Grading Systems, Marking, and Reporting. Purposes of Grading Functions of Grades Confounding the Achievement Grade Grading Systems Percentage Grades Letter Grades Descriptive Evaluations Parent--Teacher Conferences Pass--Fail Grading Checklists of Objectives Assigning Letter Grades Determining What to Include in a Grade Creating a Composite Score Selecting a Frame of Reference for Grading Determining the Distribution of Grades Calculating Semester and Annual Grades Nonachievement Outcomes Rating Scales Checklists Special Reports Designing a Gradebook Daily Record Achievement Scores Summary Charts Reporting Grades and Communicating to Parents Report Cards Cumulative Record Files Newsletters to All Parents Open House Parent--Teacher Conferences Contacts with Individual Parents General Principles in Grading and Reporting VI. WORKING WITH OTHERS. 13. Working with Colleagues and Parents. Working with Colleagues Working with Parents Reasons for Working with Parents Why Some Parents Resist Involvement Building a Parental Support System Contacting and Communicating with Parents Ways to Communicate with Parents Parent--Teacher Conferences References. Name Index. Subject Index.


The author rehearses, with much pleasure, the origins, physical circumstances, personalities, exhibits and papers of the Joint and National Computer Conferences, from December 1951 to the present meeting.


Some results obtained in working with a chloride-of-silver battery 1080 cells in connexion with vacuum-tubes appear to be of sufficient interest to induce us to communicate them to the Society, in anticipating of the more detailed account of an investigation which is now being prosecuted, and which it is intended to continue, shortly, with a battery 5000 cells, and possibly with a far greater number. The battery used up till now consists of 1080 cells, each being formed a glass tube 6 inches (15·23 centims.) long and ¾ of an inch (1·9 centims) internal diameter; these are closed with a vulcanized rubber stopp (cork), perforated eccentrically to permit the insertion of a zinc rod, carefully amalgamated, 3/16 (0·48 centim.) of an inch in diameter and 4·5 inch (11·43 centims.) long. The other element consists of a flattened silver wire passing by the side of the cork to the bottom of the tube a covered, at the upper part above the chloride of silver and until it pass the stopper, with thin sheet gutta percha for insulation, and to protect from the action of the sulphur in the vulcanized corks; these wires a 1/16 of an inch (0·16 centim.) broad and 8 inches (20·32 centims.) long. the bottom of the tube is placed 225·25 grains (14·59 grms.) chloride silver in powder; this constitutes the electrolyte: above the chloride silver is poured a solution of common salt containing 25 grammes chloride of sodium to 1 litre (1752 grains to 1 gallon) of water, to with about 1 inch (2·54 centims.) of the cork.


Introduction: The Cayratiaauriculata has been used as a folk medicine to treat various pathophysiological conditions. Aim: In the present study, we evaluated the presence of major phytochemicals, cytotoxicity and acute toxicity effect of ethanolic extract of Cayratiaauriculata leaves. Methodology: The phytochemical screening was carried out using chemical methods; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed to identify the individual phytoconstituents present in it; cytotoxicity assay was performed in A549 cells and acute toxicity test was performed in the zebrafish model. Results: The results of the qualitative analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, coumarin, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, steroids and glycosides. C. auriculatawas found to contain a significant amount of total flavonoid and phenol contents in quantitative analysis. Fifteen different phytoconstituents were expressed in GCMS analysis. In the acute toxicity test, the methanolic extract of C.auriculatadid does not cause mortality or any clinical signs of toxicity in zebrafish to the maximum concentration of 100 mg/L.Therefore the LC50 value of extract was found to be ˃100 mg/L. Hence it can be considered safe. Conclusion: This paper will help in considering C. auriculate or further pharmacological studies in future.


Great Britain has made a most valuable contribution to the data relative to the value of good lighting in industry through an investigation (reported jointly by the Industrial Fatigue Research Board and the Illumination Research Committee) on The Relation Between Illumination and Efficiency in Fine Work (Type setting by hand)∗ The report is issued by the Medical Research Council and Department of Scientific and Industrial Research.


The association constants for Hg2+-complexes involving monomeric (TM) and dimeric (TD) forms of thymine are determined by pH-titration measurements made over a wide pH range 2 < pH < 11. In both systems, the experimental data have been analyzed by a pit-mapping method and the concentration distribution of the various complex species is plotted versus a pH gradient.Because of the tendency of Hg2+ to form two bonds in a linear configuration, non-chelate complexes [Hg(TM)+] (log β101 = 10.65) and [Hg(TM)2] (log β102 = 20.70) are formed with the monomer thymine.Photodimers, obtained after irradiation of monomer thymine at 260 nm in frozen water (−10 °C), are the (meso)-cis, syn forms and can be complexed by the Hg2+ ions in [Hg(TD)] (log β101 = 13.55), [HgH−1 (TD)]− (log β1−11 = 6.73), and [HgH−2 (TD)]2− (log β1−21 = 1.69) species. [Hg(TD)] complex shows an absorption spectrum shifting towards 280 nm, whereas the free dimer ligand absorbs lower than 240 nm only. An irradiation at 280 nm provides the formation...


By analyzing some key problems (such as precise slideway,etc.)that influenced the machine performance during the study of the motor armature commutator finishing,the author obtained the success that made up the highly active and high-reliability finishing machine in the end.


'Revelation' has not appeared at all frequently in the titles of contributions to this journal (nor, from memory, has it at all often been their unannounced subject matter). On the other hand, neither does it seem to have been formally banished. The term is occasionally used, still, without any obvious sign of unease. Perhaps the majority of contributors have tacitly abandoned it, as incompatible with a broadly phenomenological approach to religions. It is possible to describe expressions of religion (including claims to 'revelation') and analyse their doctrinal statements (including assertions that they contain a given knowledge of deity); but to use the term in description or analysis might seem to concede too much. If there is a revealed religion, the others might hardly seem worth describing or dissecting.


The author derives a simple expression for the average polarisation P induced by an optic phonon within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. The calculation for P requires a knowledge of the electronic wavefunctions and energies in both the undistorted crystal and the distorted crystal with a 'frozen-in' optic phonon. The expression is correctly boundary-insensitive and is the proper starting point for the calculation of both linear and non-linear contributions to the polarisation, i.e. effective charges. Specifying a pseudopotential formalism and taking the small displacement limit the author recovers the formula of Vogl (1978) for ZT*. Finally a simple model of a diatomic chain of atoms is discussed to show explicity that anharmonic effects are important if ZT* is large.


The existence of cellular exhaustion and senescence have been well-documented in T cells, but not yet in CIK cells. The exposure of CIK cells to HubCCA1 cholangiocarcinoma cells resulted in sustaining the proportion of CD3 + CD56 + subset at the expense of that of the pure T cell (CD3 + CD56 - ) subset. All major subsets (CD3 + CD56 + , T cell subsets, and NK cell (CD3 - CD56 + subset) of the survived CIK cells were inflicted with increasing senescence markers (KLRG1, CTLA4, and CD57) upon the exposure length. However, CD28, a T cell activation marker, was up-regulated in CD3 + CD56 + and NK cell subsets upon tumor exposure, but was suppressed in T cell subset. The co-culture of CIK cells with dendritic cells (DCs) could alleviate CD57, but not KLRG1 nor CTLA4. For exhaustion, the co-culture with DCs could lower the level of PD-1 in CD3 + CD56 + and T cell subset, but was unable to withstand the massive up-regulation of PD-1 and Tim-3 in all 3 major subsets upon the tumor exposure. The co-culture with DCs raised the proportion of Treg (CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + ) subset in CIK cells, but surprisingly reversed by the eventual exposure to tumor cells. In summary, the exposure of CIK cells to tumor cells rendered the development of senescence and exhaustion to the CIK cells. The co-culture of CIK cells with DCs had limited role in preventing these opposing effects. Citation Format: Adisak Wongkajornsilp, Nathawadee Sawatpiboon, Sunisa Duangsa-ard, Kanda Kasetsinsombat, Kittipong Maneechotesuwan, Suradej Hongeng. Cholangiocarcinoma-exposed cytokine-induced killer cells developed senescence and exhaustion. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2016 Oct 20-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2017;5(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A39.


Location information gathered from a variety of sources in the form of sensor data, video streams, human observations, and so on, is often imprecise and uncertain and needs to be represented approximately. To represent such uncertain location information, the use of a probabilistic model that captures the imprecise location as a probability density function (pdf) has been recently proposed. The pdfs can be arbitrarily complex depending on the type of application and the source of imprecision. Hence, efficiently representing, storing and querying pdfs is a very challenging task. While the current state of the art indexing approaches treat the representation and storage of pdfs as a black box, in this paper, we take the challenge of representing and storing any complex pdf in an efficient way. We further develop techniques to index such pdfs to support the efficient processing of location queries. Our extensive experiments demonstrate that our indexing techniques significantly outperform the best existing solutions.


New classes of Gθ -correspondences and Gθ -majorized mappings without open lower sections are introduced in G -convex spaces. Some existence theorems of maximal elements for Gθ -correspondences and Gθ -majorized mappings are obtained under nonparacompact setting of G -convex spaces. As applications. some new equilibrium existence theorems for qualitative games and generalized games with infinite set of players and Gθ -majorized preference correspondences are established under nonparacompact setting of G -convex spaces.


THE starting point for this paper was a two-week study tour of medical care agencies in the Ukranian Republic ofthe Union of Soviet Socialist Republics which took place in September 1974. During our stay in the cities ofKiev and Kharkov we visited polyclinics, hospitals, an emergency-service station and various research and training institutes. Rather than merely describe what we observed during these visits and record information supplied by our hosts we have chosen to set our experience in a wider frame¬ work of policy analysis using data obtained from published sources. The literature in question consists of text books, journals, and newspapers produced by Soviet printing houses in the Russian language. These are an essential prerequisite for any systematic analysis since Soviet documents issued in Western languages normally offer only the briefest and most flattering accounts of Soviet medical care. At the outset it is necessary to make clear that the Ukraine is one ofthe 15 republics which together make up the Soviet Union. Though dwarfed by the Russian republic, the Ukraine comes second in population, and numbered almost 48 million at the beginning of 1972. With an area of 604,000 sq.km., it has a density of 79 persons per sq.km. Despite the fact that urbanisation and industrialisation are proceeding rapidly, as many as 44 per cent of Ukrainians are officially classified as living in rural areas. Roughly three quarters of the population are recorded as having Ukranian nationality, which makes them an ethnically distinct group different from the Russians (although they are all Slavs) in sociocultural traditions and language.


Aiming to examine the realization of positive and negative politeness strategies, this thesis has surveyed the transcripts of the speeches of teachers and learners in the Korean language classes. The positive and negative politeness strategies are based on the face and politeness theories. Face may be defined as 'one's public image asserted about oneself'. Face as such can be divided into positive and negative face. Positive face refers to the speaker's desire to see his or her wishes respected by the interlocutors, and negative face refers to an individual's right to behave freely lest the speaker's wishes not be deterred by others and the desire not to be coerced by others. The theory developed into the strategy to avoid face-threatening acts by Brown and Levinson (1987). This study, which focuses on the positive and negative politeness strategies, has examined how they show in the Korean language classes through the transcripts of the speeches of teachers and learners. The analysis of the Korean language classes showed that the positive politeness strategy registered a higher level of frequency than the negative politeness strategy. This showed that the three classes involved less face-threatening acts between the learners and the teachers. The study is significant, in that the how the positive and negative politeness strategies were realized enables it to guess at the class atmosphere and the relationship between the learner and the teacher, depending on which strategies were used more frequently. It is because a positive classroom atmosphere in which participants trust one another will use mainly the positive politeness strategies, whereas a tense classroom atmosphere in which participants cannot cooperate will use the greatly face-threatening negative politeness strategies. The analysis will enable the teacher to examine the aspects of the strategies which the teacher frequently uses and find help in improving the class later. However, this study has limitations, in that it failed to distinguish the teachers' speeches from the learners' and closely examine the differences according to levels. As the positive and negative politeness strategies have not been researched through the speeches in the Korean classes, a lot of research topics remain to be carried out, including how the frequently used strategies vary with the levels of the learners, how female and male teachers differ, and what differences the learners' nationality and sex make in how the strategies are realized. Looking ahead, these studies need to continue.


Subject matter experts from the Federal Interagency Healthy People Workgroup reviewed each search query for accuracy and relevancy. Each finished SEQ retrieves a manageable number of citations to the most current and relevant research evidence. Healthy People 2020 Structured Evidence Queries: Facilitating access to published research for public health planning and policy development E. Hatheway Simpson, MPH1; Lisa A. Sedlar, MLS2; Lisa A. Lang, MPP2 1National Network of Libraries of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School; 2National Information Center on Health Services Research and Health Care Technology, National Library of Medicine


Cost-effectiveness in the e-grocery supply chain, especially in last mile operations from the distribution centre or store to the customer location, has become a major challenge. The existing e-grocers have developed different kinds of logistical improvements to maintain better customer service and lower costs in the supply chain. However, in spite of the promising development of the e-grocery business, there are only a few e-grocers who have made improvements successfully leading to profitable operations. If e-grocers want to reach a significant market share, they have to achieve lower supply chain costs as well as a wider customer base. To do this, operations in the supply chain have to be improved radically and linked together successfully. In addition, strong supplier and customer relationships are needed. This paper identifies existing operational models and presents suggestions as to how e-grocers can develop more effective operations for the supply chain. The effects of different receiving alternatives, home delivery solutions, services, supplier and customer relationships, demand variation and operations in the distribution centre are studied. Based on benchmarks from existing e-grocers, results from our research and experiences from an e-grocery pilot operation in the Helsinki metropolitan area, we study the best logistical practices for the e-grocery supply chain. In addition, we present one pathway to improve e-grocery efficiency.


The isotope mass scaling of the energy confinement time in tokamak plasmas differs from gyro-Bohm estimates, with implications for the extrapolation from current experiments to D-T reactors. Differences in mass scaling in L-mode and various H-mode regimes suggest that the isotope effect may originate from the pedestal. In the pedestal, sharp gradients render local diffusive estimates invalid, and global effects due to orbit-width scale profile variations have to be taken into account. We calculate neoclassical cross-field fluxes from a radially global drift-kinetic equation using the PERFECT code [Landreman et al. (2014) PPCF 56, 045005], to study isotope composition effects in density pedestals. The relative reduction to the peak heat flux due to global effects as a function of the density scale length is found to saturate at an isotope-dependent value that is larger for heavier ions. We also consider D-T and H-D mixtures with a focus on isotope separation. The ability to reproduce the mixture results via single-species simulations with artificial "DT" and "HD" species has been considered. These computationally convenient single ion simulations give a good estimate of the total ion heat flux in corresponding mixtures.


OBJECTIVE
We investigated oral disorders and compared the findings with the occurrence of neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

STUDY DESIGN
Mucosal diseases, tooth loss, and temporomandibular joint dysfunction were examined in 45 patients with long-term type 2 diabetes mellitus and in 77 control subjects. The occurrence of neuropathy was evaluated by neurophysiologic tests.

RESULTS
Of patients with diabetes, 56% suffered from dry mouth and 18% from glossodynia; of controls, correspondingly, 36% and 7% (P <.05); 2 or more mucosal lesions were detected in 42% and 20%, respectively (P =. 008). Temporomandibular joint dysfunction was found in 27% of subjects with diabetes and in 16% of control subjects. Peripheral neuropathy was present in 42% of patients with diabetes and in none of the controls (P <.01), and autonomic parasympathetic neuropathy in 54% and 31%, respectively (P =.02). Peripheral and autonomic parasympathetic neuropathies were independent risk factors for tooth loss and temporomandibular dysfunction.

CONCLUSIONS
Diabetic neuropathy was found to be associated with tooth loss and temporomandibular joint dysfunction.


During adolescence, individuals begin to form ideas about human rights as part of the development of a sense of self. The outcomes of these processes are influential in the stability and peace in postconflict societies. However, there remain many questions about how these youth construct ideas about human rights and how they become oriented toward promoting these in society through a developed human rights consciousness. This study investigates how adolescents in an underexplored area of postconflict societies—where past violence was not intimately experienced—understand human rights. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 25 fifteen-year-olds across five schools in Tacna, Peru. These adolescents understand human rights as related to respect, protection, and needing personal advocacy, but they do not integrate ideas about human rights into concrete practice—the foundation of human rights consciousness. While the majority of respondents assert that human rights must be understood and enacted in order to become reality, they do not connect these ideas to concrete issues in Peruvian society. This gap may have emerged from postconflict political developments in the Peruvian education system. For a group of female respondents, human rights are about identity, which may demonstrate the ways that local gender contexts and developmentally salient concerns shape these understandings. These findings could provide important empirical support for policies and programs fostering human rights consciousness in postconflict youth.


This paper' reviews the progress-to-date on the application of Design-Quality Metrics analysis to large-scale legacy software products. Basic design-quality metrics are outlined followed by the procedures followed to assess the metrics on a large software product. The unique problems of assessing design-quality metrics on legacy software are outlined. Preliminary results are given relating defect data to the metrics.


Many membrane proteins are responsible for signaling and ionic transport necessary to maintain biological func- tions in vivo. Recently, not only conformational changes but also oligomerization have been proposed to regulate pro- tein activation. Thus, the study of membrane protein oligomerization is crucial for new drug development. The existing destructive methodologies such as immunoprecipitation, however, are not suitable to determine oligomeric states pre- cisely because of the articial aggregation of proteins after detergent solubilization. In the present study, the coiled-coil tag-probe labeling method and spectral imaging wererst combined to establish a new methodology based on ‰uores- cence resonance energy transfer (FRET) for stoichiometric analysis of the oligomeric states of membrane proteins on living cells. After validating the method for mono-, di-, and tetrameric standard membrane proteins, the oligomeric state of b2-adrenergic receptors (b2ARs) was examined to clarify its functional signicance. It was found that b2ARs could transduce cyclic adenosine 5' -monophosphate (cAMP) signals and internalize them upon treatment with ligands without showing any FRET signals. Thus, b2ARs do not form constitutive homooligomers, and homooligomerization is not necessary for the receptor function of b2ARs. Finally, the oligomeric state of full-length M2 proton-selective chan- nels of in‰uenza A virus was investigated. Although the results of X-ray crystallography and NMR studies using frag- ment peptides suggested that M2 stably forms a tetrameric channel, the full-length M2 proteins formed proton-conduct- ing dimers at neutral pH and these dimers were converted to tetramers at acidic pH, indicating that the minimal func- tional unit of the M2 channel is a dimer.


A very high resolution multispectral television camera system has been developed for NASA for use on the Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS) program. There are three cameras in the system, each viewing the same area but operating in the blue-green, red, and near-infrared spectral bands. In the laboratory the cameras' limiting resolution is 4500 TV lines over the 25 x 25-mm image format of the Return Beam Vidicon (RBV). Analysis of typical ERTS scenes shows that actual contrast ratios will be much lower than those of laboratory test targets. A model was developed to predict the resolving power performance of the RBV camera under realistic conditions. To verify the model, tests were conducted using the RBV camera, a laser-beam image reproducer and a series of AF tribar test patterns of known values of contrast. As a more graphic demonstration, simulated multispectral images were generated using color-IR photographs from Apollo 9. The measured signal-to-noise, resolution, and spectral characteristics of the ERTS Flight A and Flight B three-camera systems are presented in conclusion.


This article presents the process of construction a nd the search for evidence of validity of the Highe r Education Self- Efficacy Scale which evaluates the studentsbelief s of their capability to cope with the demands in h igher education. 535 participants answered the instrument. The Factorial analysis, with the extraction of main factors and varimax rotation, revealed 34 items and five dimensions: Academic Self-efficacy (capacity to learn and apply knowledge), Higher Education Regulation Self-Efficacy (capacity to sel f-regulate ones actions), Social Interaction Self- efficacy (capacity to have relationship with colleagues and professors), Proactive Self-efficacy (capacity to enjoy and prom ote educational opportunities) Academic Management Self-efficacy (capacity to get involved and meet deadlines). The in ternal consistency of the scale is 0,94, ranging from 0,80 to 0,81 in its dimensions. The explained total var iance was 56,68%. These data support the appropriateness of the instr ument. Results can contribute to institutional mana gement and teaching


Callimachus' Anth.Pal. 7.522, by withholding from the passer-by any effective information about the dead, is consistent with the bleak sequence 517-525, whose theme is the vacuity of any afterlife.


When testing aero-engine,the general way to get the total static pressure of cross section and air flow rate in the entry of engine is putting a measurement rake between intake outlet and the entry of engine.Based on the consideration of the boundary layer impact,a new type of boundary layer pressure combination rake was employed to measure the airflow.Meanwhile not only the methods of measuring flow field pressure of the cross section from different ways were researched,but also the measurement errors by different mea suring method were analyzed in combination with test data.The results show that more accurate airflow rate value can be obtained by using this combination measuring rake and the differential pressure sensors could significantly reduce the airflow of engine entry and the measuring errors of the boundary layer.


This paper defines rural cultural resources,and explores innovative approaches for their development through internet. The sustainable development of rural cultural resources should take into account innovation in technology,resources,products,methods and perspectives.


Background 18F-FDG-positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) is a standard for initial staging in patients with locally advanced stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We evaluated a PET/CT staging score to characterize disease extension and patient outcome in this disease. Methods Ninety-nine consecutive patients with NSCLC stage IIIA–B (UICC 7th edition), who underwent 18F-FDG-PET/CT before the start of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) were analyzed. Maximum standardized uptake value of primary tumor (SUVmax_PT) and range between two most distant PET-positive (SUV ≥2.5) lymph nodes in two directions were analyzed for their correlation with patient outcome. The vertical distance was defined as A- and the horizontal as a B-line. Results According to the results of univariate analysis, score included the SUVmax_PT and horizontal B-line, patients were divided into three risk subgroups: low, intermediate and high-risk subgroups. Subgroups were defined as SUVmax_PT <8 and B-line <3.7 cm, SUVmax_PT >8 or B-line >3.7 cm and SUVmax_PT >8 plus B-line >3.7 cm, respectively. Twenty-eight (28%), 45 (46%) and 26 (26%) patients were assigned to the low, intermediate and high-risk subgroup, respectively. Median event-free survival (EFS) in low, intermediate and high-risk subgroups was 16 (95% CI: 7–25), 13 (95% CI: 12–15) and 10 (95% CI: 7–13) months (P=0.002, log-rank test). Median OS in the low, intermediate and high-risk subgroups was 40 (95% CI: 11–69), 23 (95% CI: 15–31) and 14 (95% CI: 13–14) months (P=0.0001, log-rank test). In the multivariate analysis, SUV, B-line and PET/CT score were significantly associated with EFS [harard ratio (HR) 2.12 (95% CI: 1.27–3.55) and intermediate risk HR 2.01 (95% CI: 1.13–3.59), P=0.003] and OS [high-risk HR 2.79 (95% CI: 1.16–4.55) and intermediate risk HR 2.30 (95% CI: 1.58–4.94), P=0.001]. Conclusions A PET/CT score was developed for inoperable stage III NSCLC patients treated with CRT and was an independent predictor of patient outcome in the single-center cohort.


The effects of 14.1-Mev neutrons from the T(d,n) reaction (330 to 600 rads) and x radiation (190 to 760 rads) on the survival rate and the weight loss of mice were compared. The largest numbers of deaths occurred about 15 days after the treatment in the x-irradiated group and 10 days after exposure in the neutron-treated group. The body weight of both groups of irradiated mice decreased; the neutrontreated animals showed a more pronounced decrease 5 days after exposure, but a secondary decrease in the body weight of the x-irradiated jice occurred 10 days after the treatment; this secondary weight loss was not noticed in the neutron-treated group. The relative biological effectiveness for neutrons based on LD/sub 50/ for 30 days was 1.0 to 1.5. (TTT)


Conditions of medical practice in some developing countries particularly in Francophone Africa are not favorable for contraceptive prescription or patient surveillance. However regular practice of family planning would facilitate screening and early treatment of such conditions as infertility and genital cancers. Paramedical teams should be instructed in the indications and use of methods suitable to their cultural contexts. Variations in the female life cycle in tropical Africa which may have a bearing on contraceptive use include the early and permissive sexual experience that may favor spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) the development of infertility due to STDs or more generally attributable to poor hygiene multiple pregnancies heavy workloads and parasite infestations that may occur in the years from adolescence to age 35; the increased incidence of luteal insufficiency after age 35; the premenopause in which hormonal therapy may be more appropriate than contraception; and the postabortal and postpartum state which require special measures to guard against infection and too early pregnancy. Contraceptive methods relevant to Africa include natural family planning methods which may be helpful in diagnosing infertility; barrier and spermicide methods which may be suitable for adolescents and persons with a satisfactory level of hygiene; chemical and hormonal methods including oral contraceptives (OCs) which should be limited to women who can use them correctly micro pills which may be unacceptable because of their effects on menstruation; the "morning after pill" of high estrogen doses which should only be used in exceptional circumstances; the trimonthly injection of slow-acting progestagens which are appropriate for postpartum use and IUDs which are useful if contraindications are carefully respected. Indications for choice of method depend on a physical examination and careful patient history including a search for risk factors and genital infection. Spermicides and condoms are preferable for adolescents and pills should not be prescribed until several menstrual cycles have been observed. All methods are good for women under 35 except long-acting progesterone injections. After 35 IUDs aggravate the normal physiological changes and should be avoided unless a hormonal correction is given in the 2nd part of the cycle. Injectable progesterone is perferable for postpartum and postabortal use.


Using fluoroquinolone prophylaxis in pediatric neutropenic patients is a controversial issue due to the concern about emergence of resistant strains in addition to the lack of pediatric studies. This study was performed to assess the effectiveness of levofloxacin prophylaxis in pediatric patients during autologous stem cell transplantation.


Emotional design is one of the most important methods in modern product design. It was highlighted after Donald A. Norman published his book Emotional design: why we love (or hate) everyday things. Emotional design addresses people's needs and hopes which is in the center of the development of product design and product technology. Due to the lack of strong theoretical basis and quantitative analysis, many products can't reach the goal of their designers with Emotional feelings, nor can consumer's emotional understandings be similar to the designers' emotional expectations. This paper analyzes the concept of emotional design and some difficulties which designers must to be faced in their emotional designing works, discusses on product shape design according to emotional design. On this basis, the Kansei engineering and emotional design methods are described in details.


Software defined radio is increasingly important due to its flexibility to integrate a variety of communication standards and efficiency to develop or verify system architectures and algorithms. Here we provide a general platform with hardware acceleration IPs in FPGA to speed up the routine computing jobs like filters or FFT. Meanwhile, different frequency bands need different RF modules in the past, now we can use an ultra-highspeed ADC to sample RF data and down convert them by digital RF technology. Also, we develop the acquisition-tracking method to overcome the timing and frequency offset by software to replace lots of analog hardware components and IC works.


Starting from 2, 7-diacetyl-9, 10-dihydrophenanthrene, 2, 7-dichloromethyl-9, 10-dihydrophenanthrene was synthesized through a serie of a new compounds. By a modified Wurtz reaction the dichloromethyl compound led to hexahydro-[23] (2,7) phenanthrenophane and decahydro-[25] (2,7) phenanthrenophane. [23] (2,7) phenanthrenophane was obtained by dehydrogena tion of hexahydro-[23] (2,7) phenanthrenophane with Pd/C. The structure of these new ring systems was confirmed by UV.-, NMR.- and mass spectroscopy.


Dielectric properties of four methacrylate polymers (methyl, ethyl, n-butyl and n-octyl) were studied in the frequency range 0.0001 cps–300 kcps at temperatures above and below the glass transition temperature and at various pressures up to 2500 atm. At temperatures well above Tg a single relaxation peak (α′ peak) was observed in the case of the higher n-alkyl methacrylates. However, this peak was split into two peaks, α and β, with decrease in temperature or increase in pressure. The molecular motions corresponding to the α and the β relaxation processes are the micro-Brownian motions of amorphous main chains and of flexible side chains, respectively. From the temperature and the pressure dependence of the average dielectric relaxation time of these polymers the single relaxation process (the α′ process) was attributed to the micro-Brownian motion of the main chain coupled with that of the side chain. The effects of temperature and pressure on the d.c. conductivity of these polymers were also studied.


Syon Abbey, the only house of the Bridgettine order in England, was founded in 1415. The celebrated literary activities of the bretheren were supported by a magnificent library, one of the best attested of late medieval England thanks to the intricate catalogue prepared around 1500 by Brother Thomas Betson, and kept up until around 1523. This volume presents the full edition of the catalogue, and it both reconstructs entries for the many books know to have been deaccessioned and it identifies many printed books by secundo folio, so offering a complete picture of the changing collection. Also published in this volume are eight short book-lists from English Carthusian houses edited by Ian Doyle.


Covering letter to copies of draft leases from US State Department for proposed bases on Bermuda, Jamaica, Antigua, St. Lucia and British Guiana.


This study reports the electrochemical properties for NOx reduction of a ceria-based mixed ionic electronic conducting porous electrode promoted by Pt nanoparticles, as efficient catalyst for NO oxidation, and BaO, as sorbent to store NOx. This catalytic layer was deposited by screen-printing on a dense membrane of gadolinia-doped ceria, an O2− ionic conductor. The targeted Ba and Pt loadings were 150 and 5 μg/cm2, respectively. The NOx selective electrochemical reduction was performed between 400 °C and 500 °C with and without oxygen in the feed. Variations of the open-circuit voltage with time were found to be a good sensor of the NOx storage process on the ceria-based catalyst-electrode. However, no N2 production was observed in the presence of O2 phase in spite of nitrates formation.


Objective Bioscaffolds for treating soft tissue defects have limitations. As a bioscaffold, allograft adipose matrix (AAM) is a promising approach to treat soft tissue defects. Previously, we revealed that combining superficial adipose fascia matrix with AAM, components of the hypodermis layer of adipose tissue, improved volume retention, adipogenesis, and angiogenesis in rats 8 weeks after it was implanted compared with AAM alone. Here, we modified the fascia matrix and AAM preparation, examined the tissue over 18 weeks, and conducted a deeper molecular investigation. We hypothesized that the combined matrices created a better scaffold by triggering angiogenesis and proregenerative signals. Methods Human AAM and fascia matrix were implanted (4 [1 mL] implants/animal) into the dorsum of male Fischer rats (6–8 weeks old; ~140 g) randomly as follows: AAM, fascia, 75/25 (AAM/fascia), 50/50, and 50/50 + hyaluronic acid (HA; to improve extrudability) (n = 4/group/time point). After 72 hours, as well as 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 weeks, graft retention was assessed by a gas pycnometer. Adipogenesis (HE), angiogenesis (CD31), and macrophage infiltration (CD80 and CD163) were evaluated histologically at all time points. The adipose area and M1/M2 macrophage ratio were determined using ImageJ. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and bioinformatics were conducted to evaluate pathway enrichments. Results By 18 weeks, the adipose area was 2365% greater for 50/50 HA (281.6 ± 21.6) than AAM (11.4 ± 0.9) (P < 0.001). The M1/M2 macrophage ratio was significantly lower for 50/50 HA (0.8 ± 0.1) than AAM (0.9 ± 0.1) at 6 weeks (16%; P < 0.05). This inversely correlated with adipose area (r = −0.6; P > 0.05). The RNA-seq data revealed that upregulated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, and macrophage-induced tissue regeneration genes were temporally different between the groups. Conclusions Combining the fascia matrix with AAM creates a bioscaffold with an improved retention volume that supports M2 macrophage-mediated angiogenesis and adipogenesis. This bioscaffold is worthy of further investigation.


Niger is a landlocked West African country located between parallels 11° 37 and 23° 33 Northern latitudes, meridians 16 °East longitudes and 0 °10 West longitude. The country covers 1,267,000 kilometers square and is divided into eight main regions; Agadez, Diffa, Dosso, Maradi, Tahoua, Zinder, Tillabery, and Niamey. From a climate point of view, the country has three different zones; Northern Saharan arid zone with total annual rainfall average of 20-75 mm, Saharan-tropical zone 75-160 mm and the Sahelian zone with 250-800 mm. Therefore, the rainfall patterns vary from one region to another and within the same region. This article analyzed regional climate variability in the regions of Niamey and Maradi during 1979-2013s. To do this, intra-regional and inter-regional variability of monthly temperature, total annual rainfall, monthly solar radiation, monthly wind speed, and monthly relative humidity have been evaluated by Buishand's Test in the series analysis.  The findings a time lag in climate variability among these two regions; all climate variables' variability firstly occurs in Niamey and then Maradi except for wind speed and solar radiation.  Accordingly, the region of Niamey is more fragile than the region of Maradi. Lastly, Niger faces climate variability which could compromise its rural small-scale farmers' rainfed agriculture and livestock's activities.


This article presents a fully integrated low-intermediate frequency (IF) receiver, Dhruva, for global navigation satellite system (GNSS). The compact receiver uniquely features a fully programmable IP with no external components and no change in the on- chip hardware for various GNSS signals (civilian and precise positioning). The receiver bandwidth is programmable from 2 to 24 MHz for signals around <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L2$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L5$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S$ </tex-math></inline-formula> frequency bands from Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC), global positioning system (GPS), Galileo, and BeiDou. A single-to-differential wideband input-matched noise-canceling low-noise amplifier (LNA) is proposed to avoid the external balun and matching components. An on- chip fractional-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> phase-locked loop (PLL) with a single voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) generates the required local oscillator (LO) frequencies. A dc offset correction circuit is proposed in the variable gain amplifier (VGA) to avoid signal saturation. Fabricated in 65-nm CMOS technology, the receiver draws a current of 38.35 mA from a 1.2-V supply while providing a maximum gain of 101.72 dB with a programmable gain of 53.53 dB and a minimum noise figure (NF) of 3.8 dB. The receiver occupies an active die area of 1.96 mm2, including the I/O padring with ESD protection.


As a new business mode,virtual management has brought many advantages for the market competitions of enterprises.On basis of the concrete problems and challenges of the construction enterprises,the article,by incorporating virtual management with the construction enterprises,presents the great necessity and significance of improving the present under-developed management mode.Beginning with the effect of the virtual management on the enterprises, the article presents the modes of the virtual management and analyzes on the risks and strategies of virtual management.Virtual management has great theoretical and practical significance for the construction enterprises to renovate their regulations and rules,improve their competition ability and meet the requirements of the domestic and foreign markets.


Abstract Hybrid plants where a fuel cell and a gas turbine are combined have attracted the attention of the power system community. In this paper, a model is provided of a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell stack and of the thermo-hydraulic equipment in which it is embedded. The model is worked out from basic physical considerations; however, it is also simple enough for simulation and control purposes. Besides, it has been validated against experimental data.


More than 4500 wildcat wells were drilled from 1980 to 1990 in South America. Approximately 355 of these resulted in hydrocarbon discoveries. An estimated 12% of the discoveries contain reserves greater than 100 MMBO. Several of the larger finds (>500 MMBO), such as Cusiana (Colombia), Furrial-Musipan (Venezuela), Cano Limon (Colombia), and Marlim (Brazil), are important among the giant fields found worldwide since 1980. Most of the larger discoveries were made by national oil companies in Venezuela, Mexico, and Brazil. The probability of finding large oil fields (>500 MMBO) is greatest in the Campos, Llanos, Reforma-Campeche, Maracaibo, and Maturin basins. Smaller, but still significant fields (50-250 MMBO) may still be found in the Neuquen, San Jorge, Austral, Tarija, Maranon-Napo-Putumayo, Magdalena, and Tampico-Misantla basins. More than 170 BBO of proven reserves have been found in the highest potential Latin American basins. Undiscovered oil resources of 40-80 BBO are estimated to remain in the same group based on historical field size data and current geologic knowledge. Frontier and emerging basins may also contain significant resources, but limited data makes it difficult to estimate their undiscovered potential.


Spatial multiplexing and space-time block codes are promising techniques that effectively exploit multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission to achieve a higher data rate and more reliable communication, respectively. On the other hand, the use of dual-polarized antennas in MIMO systems has emerged as a cost- and space-effective alternative, where two spatially separated uni-polarized antennas can be replaced by a single antenna element employing orthogonal polarizations. In this paper, we investigate the use of dual-polarized antennas in a combined spatial multiplexing and space-time block coded system. We present a hybrid transmission scheme that employs transmit diversity over the same polarization of the two transmit dual-polarized antennas and transmits the co-channel space-time coded signals on the orthogonal polarizations. We evaluate the system performance for both the Rayleigh fading channel and the suburban environment of a personal communication system (PCS) at 1800 MHz. It is shown that the performance of PM-STBC approaches that of STBC in the correlated Ricean fading environment and it saves one receive antenna.


Test flights to remotely measure nonurban carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations by gas filter correlation radiometry are discussed. The inferred CO concentrations obtained through use of the Gas Filter Correlation Radiometer (GFCR) agreed with independent measurements obtained by gas chromatography air sample bottle analysis to within 20 percent. The equipment flown on board the aircraft, the flight test procedure, the gas chromatograph direct air sampling procedure, and the GFCR data analysis procedure are reported.


Objective To construct an eukaryotic vector expressing short hairpin RNA(shRNA) of HIF-1α,and to observe its effects on location and metastasis of HeLa cells under hypoxic condition.Methods shRNA templates was developed based on HIF-1α gene sequence and then cloned into pSilencer2.1-U6-neo vector.The resultant plasmid was transfected into HeLa cells with Lipofectamine 2000.The cells were incubated in hypoxic condition.The HIF-1α protein and mRNA were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR.The colony formation assay and Transwell cabin assay were performed to measure the colony formation and metastasis.Results The plasmid pSilencer2.1-U6-neo-HIF-1α was successfully constructed and transfected into HeLa cells.The expression of HIF-1α in HeLa cells decreased,and the number of colony formation in soft agar and cells penetrating matrigel also decreased under hypoxic condition.Conclusion The shRNA expressing plasmid targeting at HIF-1α may suppress the location and metastasis of cervical carcinoma cells under hypoxic condition.


Since the outbreak of war, a number of enemy aircraft have fallen into German hands, either shot down, forced to land, or captured in occupied territory. Thus, in addition to the aircraft, their armament and equipment, various types of engines of the enemy Powers—English, French and American — have become available for examination. Research on the materials has been carried out on behalf of the Reich Air Ministry by various German engine builders, and makers of components, and by the D.V.L.—the German Aeronautical Research Institute. The present report summarizes the principal results of this research; in view of the magnitude of the collected material, only the more important features of the engines will be dealt with.


The utility model discloses a miniature photovoltaic controller based on a super-capacitor energy accumulator. The miniature photovoltaic controller comprises a photovoltaic battery pack, a sampling major loop, a charging major loop, a super-capacitor group for connecting with a load, a current and voltage sampling module which is connected with the sampling major loop, an optical-coupler isolation module which is connected with the charging major loop, and an MCU master controller which is connected with the current and voltage sampling module and the optical-coupler isolation module, wherein the photovoltaic battery pack, the sampling major loop, the charging major loop and the super-capacitor group are connected cooperately in sequence. The miniature photovoltaic controller based on the super-capacitor energy accumulator is capable of overcoming the defects of large power loss, bad economic benefit and the like in the prior art so as to achieve the advantages of small power loss and good economic benefit.


In order to effectively reduce muzzle disturbance of a type of wheeled self-propelled gun,initial study was performed, and dynamic model of overall gun system based on complex factors such as barrel elastic deformation, movement and impact of automatic mechanism main parts etc. was set up. According to structural composition and fire principle of a type of gun, weapon system was simplified into multi-body system consisted of 24 bodies such as barrel, feed arm, projectile, cradle, turret, chassis and so on. Based on sensitivity analysis of structural parameters that have effect on muzzle vertical disturbance, overall structural parameters of weapon system were optimized by means of random direction optimization algorithm. Optimization result is good, and it can provide theoretical guide for system overall design and structural design of weapon system.


At time of early contact with the Europeans, natives of eastern Asia and western North America possessed similar culture traits. These cultural similarities seem too numerous and specific to be attributable solely to independent invention; rather they suggest some kind of contact between the two coasts prior to European arrival in the north Pacific. One possible way in which this contact could have been made is by drift voyages from eastern Siberia to the Americas. Japanese drifts to America are known to have occurred a number of times in the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries. Moreover, these drifts can be causally related to Pacific wind and current systems. Recent archaeological evidence also indicates that they could have been occurring since neolithic times. Their probable impact on the natives of North America is difficult to judge. However certain American Indians are known to have been receptive to castaways. It is therefore concluded that drift voyages may explain some of the cultural correspondences between east Asia and the Americas.


A communications system (30') may include a transmitting device (31') for transmitting a modulated signal therefrom based upon input data, and a receiving device (32') for receiving the modulated signal from the transmitting device. The transmitting device (31') may include a modulator (35'), a baseband injected pilot carrier (BPIC) generator (33') for generating BPIC data, and a framer (48') for interleaving BPIC data with the input data to define data frames input to the modulator. The receiving device (32') may include a demodulator (41'), a frame recoverer (49'), and a BPIC detector (40') cooperating with the demodulator for demodulating the modulated signal from the transmitting device (31') based upon the BPIC data and cooperating with the frame recoverer for recovering the data frames also based upon the BPIC data. ® KIPO & WIPO 2009


Concentrations of glycolysis and Krebs (citric acid) cycle metabolites were measured in the tail tissues of mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki, Girard 1859) in response to exposure to 0.86 mg/L Hg (as HgCl2) for 28 h. Substrate and product concentrations were compared between allozyme genotypes at two loci (glucosephosphate isomerase-2 and malate dehydrogenase-1) to determine whether allozyme genotypes in mosquitofish were differentially inhibited by mercury. Mercury treatment, regardless of allozyme genotype, caused decreased concentrations of glucose-6-phosphate (-27%) and lactate (-27%). Mercury treatment led to increased concentrations of malate (+33%) and oxaloacetate (+28%). Increased Krebs cycle activity could have been a response to greater energy needs associated with maintaining homeostasis under stressful conditions. There was no evidence of differential inhibition of allozymes at either locus. Fish of genotype Gpi-238/38 exhibited an overall increase in glycolytic activity in response to mercury treatment.


An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing the inclusion of proso millet on the growth performance of growing and finishing pigs. Using a randomized complete block design, 36 crossbred barrows, with an average initial weight of 22.2 kg, were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments (9 pens/treatment; 1 pig/pen). Diet 1 was corn-soybean meal-based (control) and Diets 2, 3, and 4 had proso millet replacing 33%, 67%, and 100%, respectively, of corn in the control diet. The diets were formulated according to 4 growth phases (P1, 25 to 50 kg BW; P2, 50 to 75 kg BW; P3, 75 to 100 kg BW; and P4, 100 to 135 kg BW) with nutrient contents formulated according to NRC (2012) recommendations. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS, using pig as the experimental unit. In P1 and P2, no differences in average daily gain (ADG) or average daily feed intake (ADFI) were observed among treatments (P > 0.3). In P3, pigs consuming the proso millet diets had greater ADFI than pigs consuming the basal diet, especially pigs fed Diet 4 compared to pigs fed Diet 1 (3.66 vs. 3.29 kg; P < 0.01). The ADG:ADFI ratio was not affected (P > 0.1) by treatments during this period. In P4, although there was a difference in ADFI between pigs fed Diet 3 and Diet 1 (3.8 vs. 3.47 kg; P = 0.04), no decreases in ADG:ADFI ratio were observed among the four dietary treatments (P > 0.5). Average daily gain was not affected (P > 0.3) by treatments during the growing-finishing period, suggesting that the level of corn replacement up to 100% by proso millet did not affect pig growth. In conclusion, proso millet was shown to effectively replace corn in corn-soybean meal-based diet for growing-finishing pigs without compromising growth performance.


The presence of the stenothermic cold-water planarian Crenobia alpina (Dana) has been evidenced in Sardinia for the first time. Identification of
the freshwater species was made on the basis of its physio1ogical and morpho-anatomical characteristics.Furthermore the cytological data demonstrated that this population
presents a polyploid karyotype with a marked tendency to aneuploidy.
The specimens were collected from three sites in the Gennargentu mountains as well as from a fourth at «Funtana Bona» near Orgosolo.
The finding of Crenobia alpina in Sardinia shows that the distribution of this species extends further south within the Mediterranean area than previous reports would suggest.


Most universities in Uganda encourage memorization as the predominant method of learning. This has been partly linked to limited practical pedagogical skills among educators, to effectively engage students to develop Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). Consequently, students are not well prepared for the world after university. WhatsApp Enabled Learning (WAEL) has been found to support approaches to learning that promote development of HOTS, like inquiry, creativity, critical reflection and dialogue. Although many universities in Uganda have been using LMSs, there is little evidence that use of an LMS has enhanced development of HOTS. While the Ugandan society is catching on fast with use of WhatsApp due to increased access to mobile technology devices and Internet connectivity, use of WhatsApp in education is still limited. Additionally, there is limited research on the benefits of WAEL to development of HOTS in African countries. This paper examines how WAEL can facilitate development of HOTS through a general literature analysis and using the Activity Theory (AT) framework. The results show that WhatsApp has a great potential to support development of HOTS due to its affordances such as ubiquity, and AT provides a systematic and practical way to demonstrate this potential and how it can be applied.


Studies were made to determine whether chickens and pigeons could serve as paratenic hosts of Toxocara canis. It was found that both types of hosts harbored living infective-stage larvae for at least 142 days after inoculation. At this time, of the number of larvae inoculated, it was possible to recover approximately 30% from chickens and 18% from pigeons. Human infections with larvae of Toxocara canis are known to occur throughout the United States and in Mexico, Europe, Australia, the Philippines, and South Africa (Beaver, 1962). In the majority of cases, the infected individual is a 1to 3-year-old child who acquired the infection by ingesting infective eggs in contaminated soil (Beaver et al., 1952). In some cases, however, especially those in which the eye is invaded, the infected individual is an older child or young adult (Beaver, 1962). Although in such instances the invading larvae possibly have persisted elsewhere in the body since early childhood, it is also possible that they were acquired by eating raw or poorly cooked parts of infected meat animals. T. canis larvae persist for months or years in a wide range of mammalian laboratory hosts (Beaver, 1962), and it is presumed that they are transferred from animal to animal through paratenic hosts in nature (Sprent, 1954). It has been suspected that the eosinophilia observed in persons eating raw liver for the control of pernicious anemia was caused by infection with nematode larvae, possibly Toxocara, harbored in the liver (Beaver, 1956). Done et al. (1960) found that in the experimentally infected pig, many infective-stage Received for publication 21 August 1963. * Supported by grants EF-, EPD-14573, and AI04919 from the National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service. t Present address: Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, College Station. larvae of T. canis could be recovered from the liver, brain, lungs, and muscles more than 2 months after inoculation. In a similar study on T. canis in sheep and lambs, Schaeffler (1960) recovered the larvae from liver, muscle, and other tissues 3 months after inoculation. Studies on poultry have been brief and inconclusive. Sprent (1956) recovered six larvae of T. cati from the carcass of an experimentally infected chick at 10 days but none could be found in others at 15, 20, or 25 days. Beaver (1956) found that larvae of T. canis persisted for at least 3 months in the liver of chickens and pigeons. The present study was undertaken to get further information on the persistence and distribution of T. canis larvae in the tissues of chickens and pigeons. MATERIALS AND METHODS T. canis eggs obtained by sedimentation of feces from naturally infected dogs were incubated in 1% formalin at room temperature for 4 to 6 weeks before use. Estimated numbers of infective eggs were injected by pipette directly into the crop of young chickens and pigeons. Recovery of larvae was accomplished by two procedures: by one, the tissues were ground in saline with a Waring blendor and digested in 1% pepsin (pH 1.5) in saline (0.83%) at 37 C for 3 to 4 hr; suitable aliquots were then washed and concentrated by centrifugation in saline and the sediment was examined microscopically for larvae. By the other, tissues were chopped and finely minced with scissors and scalpel, placed in a Baermann apparatus in which the suspending medium was pepsin digest fluid, allowed to stand at 37 C for 3 to 4 hr, after which the sediment was collected and examined in the usual manner. This method, though


The hitherto unknown male of Orthozona quadrilineata is described and figured. Male generic characters for the genus Orthozona Hampson 1895) are clarified. Sexual dimorphism is evident in the structure of the palpi which has diagnostic value at generic level.


Abstract : This thesis analyzes the effect of commissioning source on the retention and promotion outcomes of Naval officers to the 0-4 promotion point. In particular this thesis analyzes difference in the joint probabilities of retention and promotion for officers from each commissioning program. This study identifies improved measures of Navy officer performance and the relative cost-effectiveness of each commissioning program. A database of the career milestones and productivity indicators for Navy officers from year groups 1983-1990 has been created from NODC information and annual promotion board results through the career milestone point 0-4. Multinomial logit models of retention and promotion are specified to estimate the independent effect of accession sources on URL and RL officer retention and promotion outcomes. Using an assumed steady-state flow of officers differences in promotion and retention outcomes at various grades are used to estimate the number of accessions associated with producing a single 0-4 from each commissioning program. Total lifecycle costs required to retain and promote these officers to the 0-4 point are calculated and used as the basis for the cost-effectiveness analysis. The results suggest that for URL officers USNA is generally the most cost-effective commissioning program, but that the ROTC-Contact may be underutilized.


The information of wave meteorological communication data of daily or maximum wind speed average condition on the ground. T based on the group of wind speed able to provide more specific results obtained from wave forecasting showed empirical and significant relationship between U wind speed and wave forecast term of wave height.


Background:
 Hospitals can contribute to the success of the American Heart Association's 2020 Impact Goals through community stroke risk screenings and educational awareness events.

 Purpose:
 The purpose of this quality project was to evaluate the effectiveness of strategies used to conduct community stroke risk and education events.

 Method:
 Marketing strategies were utilized to promote free community stroke risk screenings and awareness events at nine sites. Stroke nurses used standardized risk screening and FAST teaching tools. Participant data was aggregated into a dashboard and analyzed. A survey was developed and distributed to participants in order to evaluate satisfaction and responses to recommendations from the screening events.

 Results:
 423 participants attended the stroke events. The average age of participants was 51 years and the majority of participants were Caucasian (82%) and female (73%). Two or more risk factors were identified in 67% of participants. Nearly half (48%) of participants were classified as pre-hypertensive, with 12% of participants presenting with stage I hypertension, and 3% with stage II hypertension. Over half (53%) of participants made appointments with a PCP after the screening, and 5% of participants without a PCP at the time of the event found a provider. After the stroke events, 47% of participants began an exercise program, 47% implemented a change in diet, and 23% implemented strategies to decrease stress. Overall, 75% of participants agreed that their stroke risk factors were fully explained, 75% agreed recommendations were informative, and 80% would recommend the screening events to family and friends.

 Conclusions:
 Hospital-based stroke programs with a commitment to the communities they serve should provide free risk screening and educational stroke awareness events. Events should be evaluated for effectiveness. Goals should focus on the quality of the screenings rather than quantity of participants. Effective strategies for community outreach include the utilization of marketing departments, offering year round events, and engaging with local employers to expand screening locations.


In fasted rats, a single oral dose of zinc, equivalent to the total daily zinc intake, caused plasma zinc levels to rise about five-fold 1.5 h after treatment. Higher values were obtained following higher dose levels. At maternal plasma zinc levels approximately 10-fold above normal, fetal viability was disturbed and incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA became impaired in fetal (20-d) rat brain and liver tissue.


Abstract This paper presents the results of a comparative study with the objective of studying the spatio-temporal variation in the abundance and richness of scarab beetles in two oak biotopes (cork oak – Quercus suber and zeen oak – Q. canariensis) of the Ouled Bechih Forest in the Souk-Ahras region of north-eastern Algeria during 2017. Two sampling techniques were used: pitfall traps and bidirectional glass traps. During the study period 6022 individuals were collected and 17 species of the family Scarabaeidae were identified. The results of nonparametric tests (Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis H-test) show that there is a significant difference in abundance and richness between the two biotopes and from March to August. These two biodiversity parameters were greater in the cork oak than in the zeen oak forests. The activity of the scarab beetles was much higher in the dry season, but lower in the rainy season. The phytophagous species were most influenced by seasonality, especially in the cork oak biotopes, whereas the coprophagous ones remained relatively constant in both habitats.


The invention relates to a preparation method for a core-shell structure nanofiber membrane with a cyclodextrinpolypseudortaxane molecule channel on the surface. A core portion and a shell portion are automatically formed in membrane fibers by utilizing the phase separation characteristic of two substances with different polarities in a homogeneous solution compounded in the electrospinning process, polymers with higher molecular weight such as polyacrylonitrile and polyoxyethylene are located in the core layer and play a supporting role, cyclodextrinpolypseudortaxane prone to moving to the surface forms the functional molecule channel in a self-assembly mode, and the molecule channel is beneficial for the fiber surface to adsorb small organic molecules, loading bioactive substances and the like. By taking an example of taking phenolphthalein as a small molecular adsorption substance model, when the load amount of the cyclodextrinpolypseudortaxane is half of the total weight of the membrane and adsorption balance is finally achieved, the concentration of the phenolphthalein is reduced by 93 percent. Cyclodextrin is loaded on the surface of the fiber membrane in the mode of polypseudortaxane, and therefore the obvious strengthening effect is achieved for the cyclodextrin to play the enveloping effect. The membrane materials can be applied to the fields such as medicine control and load, water treatment and biomedical materials.


This review presents natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic bioactive macrolactams and their structure-activity relationships when available. For macrolactams in clinical use the advantages and disadvantages in relation to other drugs are presented, and for synthetic macrolactams the method used in the cyclization is showed. Regarding macrocyclic synthesis by the tri-n-butyltin hydride-mediated radicalar carbocyclization reaction the precursor, the reaction conditions, products and yields, mechanism and cyclization mode are discussed.


The purpose of the study is to develop an online measurement scale for diagnosing self-directed learning ability for students in Korea. In order to achieve the goal, literature review, case analyses, and experts interview were carried out and finalized the blended-learning based SMMIS model. A total of 1,626 elementary, middle and high school students participated in the scale survey to validate the credibility and validity. Based on these results, an online measurement tool for self-directed learning was developed. The tool can be used in blended-learning environment to maximize its effectiveness. In conclusion, we discussed about implications and strategies for the blended-learning based on self-directed learning program model for young students, and suggested future vision and further research.


Ultrasound examination demonstrated fetal defects in two pregnant women. The first was a 22 year old and gestation, calculated from her last menstrual period, was 17 weeks. There was a molar placenta, and the fetus was growth-retarded with cerebral ventriculomegaly, nuchal oedema, hyperechogenic kidneys and exomphalos. The second woman was 35 years old and of 19 weeks gestation calculated from her last menstrual period. The fetus had asymmetrical growth retardation, atrio-ventricular septa1 defect, syndactyly and talipes. The mothers gave informed consent to cordocentesis and fetal blood (1.5 ml) was collected for karyotyping, full blood count and DNA quantification. A single cell suspension of nucleated cells was prepared and the DNA was stained with propidium iodide (Ormerod 1990). Flow cytometric analysis was carried out (FACScan and Cellfit software, Becton Dickinson, Oxford, UK), and a minimum of 10000 cells were acquired to calculate the DNA index. Since there is a linear relationship between propidium iodide fluorescence and the amount of DNA in the cell nucleus, in triploid cells the mean fluorescence is 1-5 times the normal.


Attribute sampling is a powerful quality inspection tool. The Lot Acceptance Sampling Plans (LASPs) for sampling by attributes represent a valuable method of quality inspection. Significant LASPs such as the c=0, Dodge-Romig, Philips as well as ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 which replaced MIL-STD 105E have comprehensive procedures and statistical base. A single LASP can be implemented efficiently if inspection of incoming lots is unpractical and expensive due to the destructive and/or time-consuming procedure. The implementation of LASPs is useful when a large number of purchased items is inspected daily in any complex industrial branch, such as electric-power or gas, but even in large medical laboratories. The significant issues of a complex attribute acceptance sampling statistical frame are considered in the paper. It is demonstrated how the lot size differs over different double sampling plans. Key-Words: Attribute acceptance sampling, Attribute case, Quality inspection


The term of mild cognitive impairment(MCI)refers to the transitional state between normal aging and early dementia.The aim of researching mild cognitive impairment is to identify individuals at high risk of dementia,who are at the best time for intervention,and to explore effective intervention methods to delay or prevent the occurrence of dementia.However,the pathogenesis of mild cognitive impairment is extremely complicated,which relates to many factors.This review looks into influential factors for mild cognitive impairment(MCI)in elderly,such as socio-demographic factors(including age,gender,educational level,etc),disease(including hypertension,diabetes,etc),genetic factors(including ApoE genotype,APP gene,presenilin 1,presenilin 2,etc),psychological factors(including depression and personality features)and lifestyle factors(including physics,Mediterranean-type diet,smoking and alcohol intake).


In this work, we study how hydrothermal treatment of aqueous suspensions of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} + SiO{sub 2} powder mixtures with different compositions affects the pore structure and phase composition of the porous xerogels obtained.


Abstract The amount of various, state-level legislation allowing the denial of counseling services to individuals with values that conflict with those of the professional counselor continues to increase. Such laws are in direct conflict with the values, principles, and ethical standards of the counseling profession. These "conscience clause" legislations are of concern due to the ability of the counseling profession to safeguard and protect the welfare of clients seeking counseling services. Potently, however, much of the focus of conscience clause legislation centers around the legal sanctioning of bias and refusal to provide services to affectional and gender minority clients, and the intersection of sexual/affectional orientation to spiritual and religious values. Provided is a review of these laws and the way they clash with the counseling profession. To assist profession counselors in navigating appropriate ethical behavior, specific counseling-appropriate and lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer affirming recommendations are provided. Each layer of professional counseling, direct work with clients, supervision, and counselor education, is addressed.


Along with the development of image processing and network technology, more and more art works were digitalized and exhibited on the internet. In this paper, we proposed two artistic style classification schemes based on the SIFT features: the topic model and the pyramid match model. The pyramid match model extracts SIFT features of the painting, and let these low level features represent the style and learns a codebook of the visual style, and use sparse coding to finding succinct representations for artistic style. It uses pyramid matching as a way of measurement of the style similarity between art works and trains a linear Multi-class SVM model to predict which artistic style the art work belongs to. Different from the discriminative model, in order to complete the classification task, the topic model use the images' topic distribution getting from the topic learning procedure as the input to train the classifier.


In recent years, a radical increase of photovoltaic (PV) power generators installation took place because of increased efficiency of solar cells, as well as the growth of manufacturing technology of solar panels. This paper shows the operation and modeling of photovoltaic systems, particularly designing neural controller to control the system. Neural controller is optimized using particle swarm optimization (PSO)   leads to getting the best performance of the designed PV system. Using neural network the maximum overshoot and rise time obtained become 0.00001% and 0.1798 seconds, respectively also this paper introduce a comparison between some kind of controller for PV system. In recent years, a radical increase of photovoltaic (PV) power generators installation took place because of increased efficiency of solar cells, as well as the growth of manufacturing technology of solar panels. This paper shows the operation and modeling of photovoltaic systems, particularly designing neural controller to control the system. Neural controller is optimized using particle swarm optimization (PSO)   leads to getting the best performance of the designed PV system. Using neural network the maximum overshoot and rise time obtained become 0.00001 % and 0.1798 seconds, respectively also this paper introduce a comparison between some kind of controller for PV system.


The aim of this study is to assess the impact of KVK training programmes on knowledge and adoption of rural women about home science technologies. The present study was carried out with the sample size of 254 rural women. These rural women were categorized into two groups, i.e. trained and untrained having 127 women in each. The overall knowledge level of trained group was high in washing powder and phenyl making, maize products, mango products and bakery products. The respondents from untrained group possessed medium level of knowledge in maize products and low level in washing powder and phenyl making, mango products and bakery products. With respect to adoption, majority of trained women belonged to high level of adoption in washing powder and phenyl making, maize products, bakery products and medium level in mango products. Out of total variables cosmopoliteness in trained group exhibited significant but negative relationship with knowledge level and family income had shown positive and significant relationship with knowledge level as regard to home science technologies. Size of land holding exhibited significant but negative relationship with respect to adoption level of home science technologies. More than forty five per cent of rural women (47.24%) stated that lack of adequate time as their main constraint in adoption of home science technologies.


Management of cardiac trauma begins in crime scene as soon as first aid workers reach the victim. Approach to the patient with suspected cardiac injury does not vary from standard Advanced Trauma Life Support protocols. Primarily adequate oxygenation and intravenous access should be established to ensure airway patency and circulation. If patient is hypotensive, crystalloid and/or blood products and if hypoxic, O2 sould be administrated.


The hole lifetime /spl tau//sub p/ in the n-base of 4H-SiC diodes with 5.5 kV blocking voltage has been measured in the temperature range 300-550 K. The /spl tau//sub p/ increases monotonically in this temperature range from 0.6 to 3.8 /spl mu/s. Forward current-voltage characteristics demonstrate a very high level of base modulation by minority carriers.


The question of how to detect carcinogens using short-term tests has been with us for the last ten years. Our understanding of the mechanisms of the chemical induction of cancer is poor and therefore the definitions of carcinogenicity are pragmatic and operational. Hence our ability to select short-term tests for detecting carcinogens is equally pragmatic and depends on validation studies which assess the performance of short-term tests. It has been known since the early validation studies in the 1970s that the performance of a short-term test depends on the test system itself, the type of chemical which is tested, and the prevalence of carcinogens in the sample of chemicals tested. In the early validation of short-term tests, high accuracy figures were achieved from the various studies reported in the literature. More recently, much lower values have been reported in spite of the fact that the same test systems are being used. The reason for this is that new chemical classes are now being tested and there is a much lower prevalence of carcinogens in the samples being tested. One response to these apparently low accuracy values, derived from validation studies, is the regulatory requirement that a battery of tests is necessary in order to assess the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of chemicals. Statistical analysis of the performance of a battery of short-term tests shows clearly that, as the sensitivity (or ability to detect carcinogens) increases with the increasing number of short-term tests, so does the number of noncarcinogens showing positive results. A recent example of this problem arises from the testing of noncarcinogens using a battery of four short-term tests.' Of the noncarcinogens tested by them, only 24 percent were negative in all four test systems. This result is predictable if it is assumed that the tests are only 70 percent accurate, in which case it is to be expected that only about one-quarter of the noncarcinogens will be negative in all test systems. Finally, I would like to point out a form of faulty logic which has frequently been used in the consideration of extrapolation of results from short-term tests or animal carcinogenicity studies to the assessment of human carcinogenicity. It is clear that virtually all human carcinogens are animal carcinogens. It has been concluded by some that it is therefore reasonable to assume that all animal carcinogens pose a hazard to human health. The logic used in this conclusion is faulty and can be illustrated by the following analogy. We know that all trees have leaves. Is it then reasonable to assume that if you find a leaf, it comes from a tree?