Ma DM, Pease WS, MacLean IC, Cassvan A, Johnson EW: Electrodiagnosis. I. Needle electromyog- raphy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 6&S-7-S-12, 1987. This self-directed learning module highlights advances in the needle electromyographic (EMG) examination. It is a section of the chapter on electrodiagnosis for the Self-Directed Medical Knowledge Program Study Guide for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. This section contains referenced information re- garding instrumentation and safety, spontaneous muscle activity, motor unit assessment in normal and pathologic states, single fiber EMG, and macro EMG. The electrical character of motor units is related to strength, age. fatigue, the histochemical type of the motor unit, and the particular muscle. Abnormal motor unit potentials can usually but not always be interpreted as neuropathic or myopathic, according to their distinguishing features, including satellite potentials. Myotonic potentials are distinguished from complex repetitive discharges, which single fiber EMG studies demonstrate as ephaptic transmission between muscle fibers. Myokymia and fasciculations are phenomena that can be clinically observed. Their EMG characteristics and pathophysiology are reviewed. Single fiber EMG study of neuromuscular junction disease and reinnervation states has improved understanding of these problems and can he used as an objective test of therapeutic response. Review herein of the proper use of filters and electrodes for best signal measurement emphasizes potential sources of error.


Many Greek moralists are eudaemonists; they assume that happiness (eudaimonia) is the ultimate end of rational human action. Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, and most of their successors treat this assumption as the basis of their ethical argument.1 But not all Greek moralists agree; and since the eudaemonist assumption may not seem as obviously correct to us as it seems to many Greek moralists, it is worth considering the views of those Greeks who dissent from it. The most radical dissenters we know of are the Cyrenaic school, descended (in some way) from Aristippus, a disciple of Socrates.2 Our sources, scanty though they are, report clearly that the Cyrenaics reject hap piness as the ultimate end:


This paper mainly describing how to control the quality during the process of collecting and compiling 1∶10 000 vector topographic map(DLG).It briefly discussed on how to improve the quality of products.


Abstract In mixed oak stands situated within two isolated forest reserves in NE Italy, we investigated how plant communities are modulated by local conditions, forest structure and landscape attributes. Species richness and functional dispersion increased towards canals, whereas soil salinity, canopy density or landscape heterogeneity were less relevant. Mean nutrient indicator values increased near canals and with higher proportions of agriculture around. Functional dispersion decreased at wet, nutrient rich sites. Also, the proportion of salt tolerant species increased towards canals, but was unrelated to measures of soil salinity. At sites with more modified landscapes around, widely distributed species were more prevalent, at cost of plants with restricted distributional ranges. Hence, biotic homogenization is fostered inside the reserves through landscape modification in their surroundings. In contrast to species richness, composition turned out to be markedly modulated by environmental variation, with local site factors, forest stand structure and landscape attributes contributing to roughly the same extent. Conservation practices should therefore not only focus on managing local conditions, but also take landscape structure into account. For coastal forests, dry and open, nutrient poor sites are of special conservation concern, which are believed to most closely resemble the original diverse vegetation of these Mediterranean habitats.


The yeast vacuole is functionally analogous to the mammalian lysosome, a dynamic organelle responsible for macromolecule degradation, receptor down regulation and stress survival. As with lysosomes, the vacuole also serves as the platform for Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (TORC1) signaling. TORC1 is the master regulator of cell growth and proliferation and its hyperactivity is associated with cancer and metabolic diseases. Inhibition of TORC1 signaling by rapamycin is associated with severe toxicities. Therefore, combination of drugs that can regulate TORC1 at lower, less toxic concentrations can be advantageous in treatments of TORC1 hyperactivity. A yeast genomic deletion strain screen in our lab uncovered deletion strains with hypersensitivity to hygromycin B (hhy mutants), all of which exhibited defects in vacuole trafficking, morphology and/or function. Recent findings in our lab indicate that hhy mutants also have compromised TORC1 signaling, and that intact lysosomal trafficking is a prerequisite for this signaling. Thus, drugs that affect lysosomal trafficking may have potential for use in combination with lower levels of rapamycin in TORC1 inhibition. We are currently testing hygromycin B and other vesicular trafficking inhibitory drugs in combination with sub‐inhibitory levels of rapamycin and assessing cumulative effects on growth. To date, we have established such a cumulative effect for hygromycin B and rapamycin drug combination. Additionally, our prior microscopic studies show that vacuolar Tor1‐GFP is mislocalized in hhy mutants especially in presence of hygromycin B. Biochemical localization assays of native Tor1 following drug treatments in wild type and hhy mutants are in progress.


| We investigated 102 samples (faecal swabs of live birds, spleen, caecum, liver and congested intestines of dead birds and uterine discharges, and diarrheal faeces of cattle, buffaloes and horses) for the presence of Salmonella organisms. Salmonella could be isolated from nine samples (7 from uterine fluid of aborted cows and 2 from fecal swabs of Emu birds). Identification of the isolates was done on the basis of cultural, staining and biochemical characteristics. All the 9 isolates were negative for oxidase and positive for catalase, motility indole lysine, and citrate utilization tests. The isolates were confirmed to be Salmonella by PCR using Salmonella genus specific oligonucleotide primers which yielded the desired amplicons of 496-bp. This indicates that Salmonella may also be associated with bacterial abortion and infertility in cattle. We found resistance to certain antibiotics among Salmonella and suggest here some of the most effective antibiotics for use in the field. The isolated organisms were found to be resistant to erythromycin and penicillin and sensitive to gatifloxacin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, doxycycline, cefoparazone, ceftaxime, and oxytetracycline. Salmonellosis being a zoonosis, the findings are of public health significance as well.


We propose a robust mesh-to-mesh collision detection algorithm using a ray tracing method. The algorithm checks all vertices of a geometrical object based on the proposed criteria, and then the colliding vertices are detected. In order to realize a real-time calculation, acceleration by spatial subdivision is performed. Since the proposed ray-traced collision detection method can directly calculate the reacting forces between the colliding objects, this method is apt for a real-time medical simulation dealing with deformable organs. Our method addresses the limitation of the previous ray-traced approach as it can detect collisions between all arbitrarily shaped objects, including non-convex or sharp objects. Moreover, deeply penetrated collisions can be detected effectively.


The article reviews the exhibition "The Walled City," featuring the work of artist Tom Knechtel at the Marc Selwyn gallery in Los Angeles, California in 2007.


Background: In this study, we investigated the clinical importance and possibility of mean platelet volume to be a predictive marker for acute mechanical valve thrombosis. Methods: Mean platelet volume was measured in 28 consecutive patients (mean age 47.3±12.8 years) with mechanical valve thrombosis and 91 control subjects (mean age 46.1±5.8 years). In the study group, blood samples were collected at the first admission (group 1, first measurement) and in the postoperative routine control after discharge (group 1, second measurement). The first control group (group 2) was defined by having a mechanical valve with no history of thrombosis of the mechanical valve. The second control group (group 3) was selected in a consecutive manner from the catheterized cardiac patients who proved to have normal coronary angiograms. Diagnosis of mechanical valve obstruction was based on clinical examination, echocardiography, and cinefluoroscopy. Results: Mean platelet volume was significantly higher in group 1 (first measurement) patients than in group 1 (second measurement), group 2 and group 3 patients (p 0.05). Conclusion: It was shown for the first time that patients with mechanical valve thrombosis have higher mean platelet volumes than control subjects. Therefore, mean platelet volume might be used as a follow-up marker of thrombosis in patients with mechanical valve thrombosis.


Background The quality of health services is determined on the basis of meeting customers' needs and expectations. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, health systems have faced high degrees of uncertainty as well as a variety of challenges. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between patient safety friendly hospital standards and customer orientation among Iranian nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 266 nurses working in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran selected via stratified sampling in 2020. The study data were collected using a questionnaire including demographic information, patient safety friendly hospital initiatives, and Kim's customer orientation scale. Then, the data were entered into the SPSS V.16 software and were analysed using descriptive statistics, dispersion indices and correlation tests. Results The mean age and mean duration of working as a nurse were 38.60+7.94 and 13.87+7.41 years, respectively. From the nurses' perspective, the means of patient safety friendly hospital standards and customer orientation were 97.35±16.59 and 16.40±2.62, respectively, both of which were at the moderate level. In addition, patient safety friendly hospital standards and all its dimensions were positively correlated to customer orientation (p<0.001). Conclusion From the nurses' viewpoint, the patient safety friendly hospital standards and customer orientation were both at the moderate level during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, patient safety friendly hospital standards and all its dimensions were significantly associated with customer orientation. In other words, increase in the patient safety friendly hospital standards was accompanied by an increase in the nurses' customer orientation. These results can provide the organisations delivering health services with the opportunity for management on the basis of multicriteria decision making so as to adapt with the patient safety friendly hospital standards and to internalise customer orientation among nurses.


This paper is devoted to the study of infinitesimal stability of linearly elastic periodic composites. A solution of the homogenization problem of infinitesimal stability with respect to Dirichlet's boundary conditions is found. Under some regularity assumptions, it is shown that in this case homogenization commutes with infinitesimal stability. The obtained results are derived in a sequence of steps involving analysis of mutual relations between H-measures, ellipticity, infinitesimal stability and the existence of modes of infinitesimal buckling.


Microflotation , hench scalc and pilo! planl tesls werc carried out for produeing high purity quartz whieh was eontaminated by particlcs originatcd from alumina balls during grinding. Direct alumina flotation was employed, using as collectors sodium sal! of sulfusuccinic acid, soy oil, diesel oil and cctyl stearyl sodium sulfate. Flotanol 014, a polypropylene glycol alcohol was used as a frother. Microflotation tests of alumina from grinding balls were first performed using a Hallimond lubc. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and chemical analysis through EnergyDispersive X-Ray Detection (EDS) were applied to examine the microllotation and bench scale results. Microllotation tests presented high alurnina lloalability, above 95%, in lhe presence of cetyl stearyl sodiurn sulfate and sodium salt of sulfosuccinic acid at pH 5.5. The optirnization of lhe prcliminary bcnch llotation test results lead to a spccific blending of thc collectors and lhe frothcr at pH 5.5 where lhe mass recovered to the tailings was 6.4% with a total alumina rejcction of 89.21%. The final conccnlrate showcd 95.2% of quartz rccovery. Pilot plant tests confirmcd the laboratory results enabling the alumina separation by llotation with adequate quartz mass recoveries.


The Energy Information Administration (EIA) was requested by the Economic Regulatory Administration to provide estimates of the domestic demand for the principal refined petroleum products in 1980, 1985, and 1990 in each region of the country. This information was to be used in DOE testimony before the US Senate Subcommittee on Energy Conservation and Regulation on July 10, 1978. Tables 1 to 4 of this Analysis Memorandum present the range of domestic demand estimates for 1979, 1985, and 1990 for gasoline, distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and jet fuel oil. The range was obtained by considering four macro-economic/geologic scenarios originally developed for the EIA Annual Report to Congress, Volume II, (AAR) published in April 1978. Descriptions of the pecise assumptions underlying these scenarios can be found in the AAR. Demands for 1979 were developed using the Short-Term Petroleum Product Demand (STPPDM) Model, while forecasts for 1985 and 1990 were developed by the EIA mid-range energy modeling system. All forecasts are consistent with those published in the AAR. Forecasts for 1980 are not presented because the short-term model has not been validated for that year using the scenario definitions contained in the AAR.


Outdoor lighting offers many benefits to its users and is often considered a necessity for an active lifestyle when living in modern society. Sustainable outdoor lighting should fulfil the functional needs of the users, be cost- and energy-efficient, and result in minimal environmental impact. So far, a limited number of studies have been able to present clear strategies on how to plan and use outdoor lighting to ensure that it contributes towards sustainable development. Therefore, this study aimed to answer the following questions: (1) How many of the previously established sustainability indicators are already used by municipalities in their lighting planning? (2) Which types of indicators are not used by municipalities? Another aim of the study was to further develop the framework of sustainability indicators by adding new indicators that were identified from lighting plans of Swedish municipalities and the existing literature. In this study, lighting master plans from 16 randomly chosen Swedish municipalities with varying population sizes were analyzed. The results show that few sustainable indicators are used by the municipalities' lighting plans, especially in the social dimension. The existing framework of sustainability indicators was developed by adding new indicators. Furthermore, 28 new indicators were identified, eight originated from new studies and the literature, and 20 originated from the municipalities' lighting master plans. This study shows that there is a need for guidelines and recommendations for working with outdoor lighting from a sustainability perspective, especially in the social dimension of sustainability, where most of the new indicators were identified.


Public transport should be available to all. Yet when travellers have additional needs, such as a wheelchair or a pram, prioritisation of passengers can be contentious. Richard Griffith explains


In the universal computerization era important aspect is the possibility of man partial replacement in the identification process of the disease cases occurring in the plantations cultivation. This is very important when it comes to the process of early response to the disease and at a later stage for early treatment to help stop the disease or its elimination, which has its economic justification. Presented in this paper system may be the answer to these issues in the production of sugar beet


This paper presents a method for image noise removal based on wavelet transform and 4th order partial differential equations ( PDE). Wavelet transform has better time-frequency localization properties and partial differential equation can retain image's edge and details,so the proposed method can remove noise by taking advantage of these characteristics. The traditional 2nd order linear diffusion equation has low computation efficiency and is apt to get into ladder effect. Therefore the authors propose a new 4th order PDE model,which adopts Laplacian-sharpening operator instead of Laplacian operator. The experimental results show that this method is an efficient algorithm which does well in removal of noise and keeping image's edge.


Objective To evaluate substructural dataes after types of pancreaticojejunostomy in vitodynamics and Pathology.Methods After resection of the pancreatic head,24 domestic dogs were divided into two groups according to the types of anastomosis:group A:tight sticking pancreaticojejunostomy;group B: end-to-end pancreaticojejunal invagination.(1)We measue enteric cavity,s physio-pressure after operation from 1to 10.(2)We detect Stomas with artificial high pressure by double、triple and quadruple above-mentioned average pressure.(3)We assess anastomotic strength invivo and histopathological findings on postoperative day 10.Results(1)The A group is the same as the B in enteric cavity,s physio-pressure after operation from 1to 10 from the curve chart.(2)The group A had noone Pancreatic fistula postoperative day from 1 to 10 by double、triple and quadruple pressure;but the B had 2 dogs which appeared in double pressure postoperative day 3 and day 5.(3)Bursting pressure was 282.17±24.41 mmHg in A group on day 10 after anastomosis,whereas 144±15.57 mmHg in group B.A significant difference was observed between group A and group B(t=9.95,P0.05);Breaking strength was 9.45±0.45 N and 6.9±0.32 N in group B on day 10 after anastomosis.A significant difference was found between the two types of anastomosis(t=9.81,P0.05).(4)Anastomotic site was well repaired by connective tissue and jejunal placenta percreta healed together with pancreatic peplos tightly.but the cut surface was incompletely repaired by granulation tissue and no regeneration of the epithelium was found in group B.Conclusion Anastomotic strengh of tight sticking pancreaticojejunostomy was stronger than end-to-end pancreaticojejunal invagination and the healing was more safer and rapid.


The present disclosure relates to compositions and methods for modifying or improving a wafer surface suitable for semiconductor fabrication. The composition includes a working fluid useful for modifying a wafer surface suitable for semiconductor device fabrication. In some embodiments, the working fluid is an aqueous solution of the initial components no free abrasive particles substantially, that component is at least one water, surfactant, and 7 than the pK a Contains the pH buffer indicated. In certain embodiments, the pH buffer includes a basic pH adjuster and an acid complexing agent, and the hydraulic fluid exhibits a pH of about 7 to about 12. In a further embodiment, the present disclosure provides a fixed abrasive article comprising a surfactant suitable for modifying a wafer surface, and a method for manufacturing a fixed abrasive article. Additional embodiments describe methods that may be used for wafer surface modification.


The aim of this paper is to study the effects of service quality in Jetstar Pacific Airlines towards customer's satisfaction under the perspective of Servqual and Gronroos service quality model and the relationship between functional quality, technical quality, internal and external environment influences mediated by Jetstar Pacific Airlines images and service quality using the main statistical methods such as factor analysis and multiple linear regression.


The research was done because there is a significant factor in supporting language learning and academic achievement. That factor was emotional intelligence. Additionally, in language learning process, social. and personal skills are. necessary. As a result, the researcher needed to find and to search about emotional intelligence of the. students. and their speaking achievement. This research was conducted in SMKN 1 Baso at the tenth grade in academic.years of 2019/2020. This research. was a correlational research .as its design. The instruments of this .research were questionnaire .for measuring emotional intelligence and documentation for collecting speaking score of the students. It was all of the tenth grade students of SMKN 1 Baso as the population which consists of 7 classes. The sample was 47 students taken by purposive sampling technique. After that, the researcher has .used Pearson .Product Moment Correlation .Coefficient to search and to find the correlation. between two variables. The researcher.has gotten that the coefficient .of relationship .between. Emotional intelligence of the students and their speaking achievement was 0.48. Based on the result of the research, it can be concluded that emotional intelligence has positive contribution in speaking achievement. The meaning of positive symbol was if the students were intelligent in emotional, they also became intelligent in speaking.


In these proceedings we explore the use of (non-linear) electroweak chiral Lagrangians for the description of possible beyond the Standard Model (BSM) strong dynamics in the electroweak (EW) sector. Experimentally one observes an approximate EW symmetry breaking pattern S U (2)L ×S U (2)R /S U (2)L+R . Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) shows a similar chiral structure [1] and, in spite of the differences (in the EW theory S U (2)L × U (1)Y is gauged), it has served for years as a guide for this type of studies [2–4]. Examples of one-loop computations in the low-energy effective theory and the theory including the first vector (V) and axial-vector (A) resonances are provided, yielding, respectively, predictions for γγ → Z L Z L , W L + W L − and the oblique parameters S and T .


The thin layers of homogeneously oriented NLC applied on the surfaces under investigation as a free film can be used as unusual recording media that permits to visualize the local defects of the display substrates with high optical resolution. The new applications of this nondestructive method to display technology are discussed.


The aim of this study was to examine the fetal hemodynamic effects of terbutaline treatment and premature labor. Image‐directed pulsed and continuous wave Doppler ultrasound studies, using 3.3‐MHz and 5‐MHz transducers (GE PASII and ATL echocardiographic machines), were used to assess fetal cardiac blood velocities in three groups of pregnancies matched for menstrual age (MA). Group 1: 13 normal pregnancies, mean MA 31 weeks. Group 2: 7 women in premature labor prior to tocolytic therapy, mean MA 32 weeks. Group 3: 8 women treated with terbutaline, average dose 18.8 mg daily, for previous premature labor, mean MA 31 weeks. Heart rate averaged 150 bpm, 135 bpm, and 127 bpm in the terbutaline, premature labor, and normal groups, respectively, and each were significantly different from each other. Products of time velocity interval and heart rate at the aortic valves were 1603 cm ± 140 cm, 1413 cm ± 190 cm and 1238 cm ± 200 cm, and at the mitral valves 1102 cm ± 170 cm, 812 cm ± 110 cm, and 878 cm ± 150 cm in the terbutaline, premature labor, and the normal groups, respectively. Aortic and mitral blood velocity products of time velocity integrals and heart rates were significantly higher (p = 0.01) in the terbutaline group relative to the normal group. In addition, the terbutaline group was significantly higher than the labor group at the mitral valve (p = 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in time velocity integrals (a measure of stroke volume) at either valve between the three groups.


: Soil organic carbon isotopes ( δ 13 C org ) can reflect the isotopic composition of growing vegetation and thus further reflect the vegetation type and the related climate. Previous studies have demonstrated that there are significant differences in the relationship between δ 13 C org and climate factors in different regions. Therefore, it is essential to analyze the correlation between soil δ 13 C org and climate factors in different regions for paleoclimate reconstruction. In our research, two transects of the Pamir Plateau and Qira County, located in the core of the arid region of Central Asia, are selected to analyze the carbon isotopic composition of surface soil and its relationship with climate factors to provide a scientific basis for paleoclimate reconstruction. In this paper, we first obtained 50 topsoil sediment samples and analyzed their organic carbon isotopic composition characteristics. Second, the relationship between soil organic carbon isotopes and climate factors was analyzed in detail. Finally, its potential driving mechanism was preliminarily explored. The results show that there are obvious differences in the relationship between surface soil δ 13 C org and climate factors in the Pamir Plateau and Qira County: In terms of temperature, the Pamir region is positively correlated with annual average temperature ( r =0.594, P <0.01), warm season temperature ( r =0.593, P <0.01), and cold season temperature ( r =0.598, P <0.01); the Qira County is negatively correlated with annual average temperature ( r =− 0.675, P <0.01), warm season temperature ( r =− 0.684, P <0.01), and cold season temperature ( r =− 0.646, P <0.01). In terms of precipitation, the correlation between the Pamir region and precipitation is insignificant; the Qira County has a weak negative correlation with the average annual precipitation ( r = − 0.485, P <0.05), a weak positive correlation with the warm season precipitation ( r =0.483, P <0.05), and a significant negative correlation with the cold season precipitation ( r =− 0.632, P <0.01). Further mechanism analysis shows that the change in surface soil δ 13 C org in the two regions is primarily controlled by temperature, but the correlation between surface soil δ 13 C org and temperature is different due to the influence of glacier meltwater and the difference in vegetation types in the two regions. The correlation between surface soil δ 13 C org and precipitation is insignificant due to glacial meltwater and very little precipitation. Our research shows that when reconstructing paleoclimate using organic carbon isotopes, more attention should be paid to the regional differences in the relationship between organic carbon isotopes and climate factors.


Usage Context-Based Design (UCBD) is an area of growing interest within the design community. Usage context is the set of scenarios in which a product (or service) is to be used, including the environments in which the product is used, the types of tasks the product performs, and the conditions under which the product is purchased and operates. It is proposed in this work that in choice modeling for usage context-based design, usage context should be a part of the primary descriptors in the definition of a customer profile, in addition to the socio-demographic attributes for modeling customers' heterogeneity. As customers become more technology-savvy and market-educated, current choice modeling methods in engineering design could greatly benefit from exploiting the rich contextual information existing in product usage. In this work, we propose a choice modeling framework for Usage Context-based Design (UCBD) to quantify the impact of usage context on customer choices. We start with defining a taxonomy for UCBD. By explicitly modeling usage context's influence on both product performances and customer preferences, a step-by-step choice modeling procedure is proposed to support UCBD. Two case studies, a jigsaw example with stated preference data and a hybrid electric vehicle example with revealed preference data, demonstrate the needs and benefits of incorporating usage context in choice modeling. He L., Chen W., Hoyle C., Yannou B., (2012), Choice modeling for usage context-based design. Journal of Mechanical Design, vol. 134(3), doi. DOI: 10.1115/1.4005860. 2 NOMENCLATURE A Customer-desired product attributes β Coefficients in customer's choice utility function CV Conventional vehicle DCA Discrete Choice Analysis DOE Design of experiment E Usage context attributes EW Preference-related usage context attributes EY Performance-related usage context attributes ni  Random disturbance of customer choice utility of product i by customer n HEV Hybrid electric vehicle k Cut points in ordered logit model M Exogenous variables (representing sources of uncertainty in market) MNL Multinomial logit Pni Choice probability for product i and customer n PHEV Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle R Subjective ratings S Customer profile attributes SW Preference-related customer profile attributes SY Performance-related customer profile attributes uni Customer choice utility of product i by customer n UCBCM Usage context-based choice modeling UCBD Usage context-based design Wni Observed (deterministic) part of the customer choice utility of product i by customer n X Engineering design options or variables Y Engineering performance Yr Performance of service results Yt Performance of transformation


The present invention provides a nonvolatile storage system, comprising: a substrate; is defined as a memory cell element above the substrate and the substrate is not a monolithic three dimensional memory array; a memory cell connected to the word line element; above the substrate and not a plurality of vertically oriented substrates of bit lines, the bit lines are connected to a vertically oriented memory cell element; a plurality of global bit lines; a plurality of the substrate above the substrate and not in the asymmetric vertically oriented selection device, the selection device vertically-oriented asymmetrically bit lines connected to the vertical orientation and the global bit lines, vertically-oriented asymmetrically selection device interfaces having a first gate and a second gate electrode interface; and a plurality of select lines coupled to the selection device, the selection device for each asymmetric vertically oriented so that select lines connected to a first gate for each asymmetric vertically-oriented interface to select the device, and the other selection line is connected to the second gate for each asymmetric vertically-oriented interface to the device selected.


Engineered Material Arresting Systems (EMAS) serve as a substitutional alternative/solution to airport runways when the Runway Safety Area (RSA) does not meet international Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) standards. The length of the runway can be shortened if an EMAS is installed on both ends of the runway. This paper provides experimental test results on foamcrete material used for such an important safety application. The objective of the paper is to present the required and measured properties of foamed concrete (density, compressive strength and water absorption) and results of an evaluation of a first phase of testing. In this study, a total of fourty eight mixes were conducted; yielding a range of densities, compressive strength(s) and water absorption characteristics that are: 554 to 1528 kg/m3, 1.1 to 21 MPa and 7.4 to 28.3 %, respectively. It is demonstrated herein – though the Analysis of Means statistical method – that foam volume is predominantly the main factor affecting the observed output characteristics. This is followed by Sand/Filler and Filler/Cement that yield marginal effect compare to the former foam volume ingredient.


Pollen, diatom, radiocarbon and lithostratigraphical data from isolation basins in northwest Scotland are used to quantify the reference water (tide) level, indicative range and age of differenty types of isolation and connection contacts. Tendencies of sea-level movement and relative sea-level changes from the mid-Lateglacial Interstadial (11.8 ka BP) to the late Holocene are constructed from these data.

Relative sea-level fell continuously from + 17.8 m OD at 11.8 ka BP to ca. + 5.2 m OD at 10.1 ka BP. From an unkown minimum between 10 ka and 9 ka BP relative sea-level then rose to +6.3 m OD at 8.3 ka BP. The maximum Holocene sea-level occurred within the range +6.6 m OD to +9.3 m OD between 6.6 ka BP and 4.0 ka BP before falling to present. Isobase, age-altitude and quantitative rebound models for northwest Scotland are tested using these sealevel data, but none of the published models shows close agreement with the new results.


MANY people are concerned about the conservation of metal, especially in these days when such things as tin cans, razor blades, etc., cause steel to disappear from the recovery cycle. The intelligent use of alloy steels may help in this conservation, provided that they are not
employed in a profligate manner and that alloy elements are not allowed to go to waste in slags. Manganese is one of the most useful elements in steel manufacture, and the
present consumption is said to average about 14 lb. Mn per ton of ingots'. When steel scrap is remade into ingots, much of this element is lost by oxidation, and already
there is anxiety about manganese conservation. Steel melting processes which would avoid the removal of most of the manganese from the charge are, therefore, to be wel-comed, and one attempt to operate a simple fusion process for fine grain castings has been described2. Where current is cheap, it is possible that this objective may be achi-eved in electric furnaces.


This history deals with the life and times of members of the Organ family who settled in the Illawarra region in 1839. The account is based on official government records and newspaper accounts. Unlike other such histories no core of personal memorabilia including letters, documents or artifacts survives, upon which a more personal account can be constructed. Some personal reminiscences dictated by members of the family in the 1920s and '30s have been used, however they are sketchy and were only used to indicate a line of research. This detailed study focuses on the circumstances of the Organ family during the period 1839-1869. Disciplines Arts and Humanities | Social and Behavioral Sciences Publication Details Organ, MK and Hardy, R, Pioneers of the Illawarra a history of the family of Elias Organ in Wollongong, 1839-1869, University of Wollongong Printery, 1984, 128p. Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 License. This book is available at Research Online: http://ro.uow.edu.au/asdpapers/128 Pioneers of the Illawarra A History of the Family of Elias Organ in Wollongong


We derive the solitonic solution of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation with cubic nonlinearity, complex potentials, and time-dependent coefficients using the Darboux transformation. We establish the integrability condition for the most general nonlinear Schrodinger equation with cubic nonlinearity and discuss the effect of the coefficients of the higher-order terms in the solitonic solution. We find that the third-order dispersion term can be used to control the soliton motion without the need for an external potential. We discuss the integrability conditions and find the solitonic solution of some of the well-known nonlinear Schrodinger equations with cubic nonlinearity and time-dependent coefficients. We also investigate the higher-order nonlinear Schrodinger equation with cubic and quintic nonlinearities.


Aiming at FPGA features in many fields such as audio and video signal transmission.Two serial mode synchronous transmission methods based on FPGA are presented in this paper.Their corresponding code and decode are programmed in ACEX1K,which is produced by Altera.Compared with the traditional PLL methods,these two methods are easy achievement,short set-up time,and low request to system clock.


This study aimed at determining the effect of entrepreneurial money management practices on competitive outcomes of small and medium enterprises. The specific objectives of the study were to; assess the entrepreneurial money management practices of small and medium enterprises, determine the competitive outcomes of small and medium enterprises and to determine the relationship between entrepreneurial money management practices and competitive outcomes of small and medium enterprises. The study used both descriptive, cross-sectional and correlation research designs. The target population was 324 SMEs trading in Trans Nzoia county out of which 179 were sampled to participate in this study. The sampling method used was stratified and simple random sampling. The research instruments reliability test had a Cronbach alpha value of 0.825 which was above the threshold. The study findings indicated that entrepreneurial money management practices among SMEs was moderately embraced affecting their competitive outcomes. The study results also indicated that competitive outcomes of SMEs were dismal affecting their graduation into large enterprises. It was also found that there existed a positive significant relationship between entrepreneurial money management practices and competitive outcomes of SMEs. The study concluded that for SMEs to realize their competitive outcomes of increasing their respective product portfolio and increased revenue, it's imperative that they apply entrepreneurial money management practices of prioritized financing, budgeting and adequate working capital to graduate SMEs to large enterprises. The study recommended that SMEs to allocate the realized financial resource prudently to exploit opportunities available to them to remain competitive. The study also recommended that SMEs should prioritize on innovations to differentiate themselves in the overcrowded market by expanding their bundle of product portfolio and also the government to formulate workable SME policies which impart entrepreneurial money management practices to improve SME performance.
Keywords: Entrepreneurial, Money Management Practices, Competitive Outcomes, Small  and Medium Enterprises.


At least 60% of stars appear to binary and about half of these are close enough to interact. Because of the enormous expansion on the AGB, many of these interactions involve an AGB star and a relatively compact companion, anything from a low-mass main-sequence star to a degenerate remnant. Mass loss plays the dominant role in determining the lifetime and the extent of nuclear processing of the AGB phase. In most cases binary interaction increases the mass loss from the AGB star and curtails its evolution, either through Rochelobe overflow, common-envelope evolution or the driving of an enhanced stellar wind but it can also expose parts of stars that would otherwise have remained deep within. Type Ia supernovae are exploding CO white dwarfs which formed as the cores of AGB stars. The source of the supernovas light is the radioactive decay of 56Ni created in the thermonuclear runaway and expelled in the explosion. Much of the core reaches nuclear statistical equilibrium so that the amount of 56Ni created falls off with increasing excess of neutrons at the onset of thermonuclear runaway. Neutron-rich 22Ne is a major contributor to this excess. AGB stars produce primary 22Ne by processing dredged-up carbon through hydrogen and then helium burning before depositing it in the CO core. So any variation in the AGB evolution of the progenitor star can ultimately lead to variation in the peak luminosity of the


As the prenatal detection rates of congenital heart defects (CHDs) increase, obstetricians are more frequently faced with pregnancies complicated by a fetal CHD. Congenital anomalies in general are associated with preterm birth and fetal demise. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the prevalence of preterm birth and fetal demise in singleton pregnancies with fetuses with isolated CHDs.


Motivated by recent experiments, we investigate the quantum spin Hall state in 2D topological insulator/ferromagnetic metal planar junctions by means of a tight-binding model and linear response theory. We demonstrate that whether the edge state Dirac cone is submerged into the ferromagnetic subbands and the direction of the magnetization dramatically affect (i) how the edge state percolates into the ferromagnet and (ii) the spin-momentum locking of the edge state. Laminar flows of room temperature persistent charge and spin currents near the interface are uncovered. In addition, the current-induced spin polarization at the edge of the 2D topological insulator is found to be dramatically enhanced near the impurities. The current-induced spin polarization in the ferromagnet is mainly polarized in the out-of-plane direction $\stackrel{\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{\mathbf{z}}$, rendering a current-induced spin torque that is predominantly fieldlike $\ensuremath{\propto}\mathbf{S}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\stackrel{\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{\mathbf{z}}$.


Resveratrol is a plant based dietary polyphenol that has attracted huge attention, due to its various biological activities. Industrial production of resveratrol from microorganisms requires extensive genetic engineering. Therefore, the aim of this study was to construct the producer of resveratrol of Yarrowia lipolytica strains. In present study, 2 resveratrol-biosynthesis genes 4-coumaryl-CoA ligase gene (4cl) from Arabidopsis thaliana and the stilbene synthase gene (sts) from Vitis Vinifera,were cloned and transformed into Y. lipolytica. The results showed that expression of 4CL and STS genes in Y. lipolytica produced resveratrol through the tyrosine synthesis pathway. Furthermore, the final output of resveratrol of transformed strain was up to 1604.7 μg/L in presence of p-coumaric acid under response surface optimization experiments. This study suggests that Y. lipolytica is an attractive model for the production of resveratrol.


Tympanic membrane thermometry is a cost-effective replacement for functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography to measure cerebral activation for the ipsilateral hemisphere [1]. Because the brain tissue is warmer than the blood flowing through it, decreases in tympanic membrane temperature (TMT) indicate an increase in blood flow to the brain, which is thought to be related to an increase in cerebral activation [2]. In addition to its role in standard husbandry, TMT has been used in a variety of experimental settings to assess the brain's response to environmental stimuli. Parr and Hopkins [3] used TMT to assess the hemispheric activation in response to positive, negative, and neutral emotional stimuli in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and found an increase in TMT in the right ear in response to videos with a negative emotional connotation. Other studies have shown bilateral increases in temperature associated with fearfulness and negative affectivity [4]. For example, marmosets (Callithrix penicillata) with more extensive histories of capture and restraint had lower right ear temperatures than marmosets with fewer captures [5]. This study examined whether restraint stress affected TMT in Garnett's bushbaby. We also assessed whether positive and negative reinforcement would affect the stress-related change in TMT.


Using matrix knowledeg,the sufficient condition of two exercises in Advanced Algebra give an establishment about ne cessary and sufficient,the conclusion of literature[3] give a further proof.


1 V5 Sn ^O^2IH-I + 2 / V 5 41oga (log a) ( ^ 2 ^ ^ + 2 ) ' and Almkvist [1] also gave an estimate of another series, i.e., 1 1 , 1 ' n '<+ ^ 0 4 " + 2 8 41oga ( loga) 2 (^ 2 ( l o g a r l -2) ' In this paper, we continue this work and obtain some new results of similar kinds. In Section 2, some identities related to Fibonacci and Lucas numbers, which may be compared with the ones of [2] and [3], are established. In Section 3, following Almkvist's method, we express the series J^=01 / (F2n+l -21V5) and E^=11 / {Lln 2) in terms of the theta functions and give their estimates. 2. MAIN RESULTS The following lemma will be used later. Lemma: Let q be a real number with \q\ > 1, s and a be positive integers, and h be a nonnegative integer. Then one has that f l = 1 y I m n=o<j + q -{q +q ) q -q n=o-q (b & as, 2a\{as-h)).


. We present new measurements of the diffuse radio halo emission from the Coma cluster of galaxies at 2.675 GHz and 4.85 GHz using the Effelsberg 100–m telescope. After correction for the contribution from point sources we derive the integrated flux densities for the halo source (Coma C), S 2 . 675 GHz = (107 ± 28) mJy and S 4 . 85 GHz = (26 ± 12) mJy. These values verify the strong steepening of the radio spectrum of Coma C at high frequencies. Its extent strongly depends on frequency, at 4.85 GHz it is only marginally visible. The measurement at 4.85 GHz is the first flux density determination for Coma C at this high frequency. In order to quantify the spectral steepening we compare the expectations for the spectrum of Coma C with the observations, resorting to basic models for radio halo formation. The in–situ acceleration model provides the best fit to the data. From equipartition assumptions we estimate a magnetic field strength B eq = 0 . 57 (1 + k ) 0 . 26 µ G in the intracluster medium of Coma, where k is the energy ratio of the positively and negatively charged particles. As a by–product of the 2.675 GHz observation we present a new flux density for the diffuse emission of the extended source 1253+275 ( S 2 . 675GHz = 112 ± 10). This measurement provides a smaller error range for the power–law fit to the spectrum ( α = 1 . 18 ± 0 . 02) compared to previous investigations and yields an equipartition magnetic field strength of B eq = 0 . 56 (1 + k ) 0 . 24 µ G.


Introduction: Studies examining educational interventions led by pharmacists to minimize negative outcomes associated with elevated and potentially harmful lithium levels in inpatient psychiatric f...


We show that the non-existence of elements in the p-stem πSp of Hopf invariant one implies that: there exists no smooth map f[ratio ]M→N with only fold singularities when M is a closed n-dimensional manifold with odd Euler characteristic and N is an almost parallelizable p-dimensional manifold (n[ges ]p), provided that p≠1, 3, 7. In fact, the result itself is originally due to Kikuchi and Saeki [25, 34]. Our proof clarifies the relationship between the two problems and gives a new insight to the problem of the global singularity theory. Furthermore we generalize the above result to maps with only Morin singularities of types Ak with k[les ]3 when p≠1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8.


In the academic forum, prostitution is not a new problem to research. From the early of 19 century, in western world, the modern socialists have already make a lot of researches about it. But the problem of prostitution has been introduced to China few. In order to study and resolve the problem of China's "Sex Industry" recently, the writer concluded the research achievements in western world into 10 categories and 29 theoretical explanations to help our study. And many of these opinions have not been mentioned in China yet. Furthermore, the writer also make a conclusion about some theories in China at present which are obviously different to western opinions. Most of these theories are tried to explain a basic problem: how did the prostitution problem come out?


Congestion in a transportation network is usually the result of either an increase in traffic demand, i.e. the desire of drivers to use the transportation network, or a decrease in traffic supply, i.e. the traffic capacity, which is affected by weather conditions, incidents, etc. In either case, congestion reduces the efficiency of the transportation network and increases the travel time of vehicles in the network. In this paper, we leverage the benefits that Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications provide in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), to optimize traffic assignment in transportation networks. In particular, we formulate a convex optimization problem for a transportation network and minimize network criticality, a new graph metric that measures centrality. The robustness of this solution is studied and compared to that of the System Optimal Equilibrium (SOE) Optimization. The results show that using network criticality provides robustness (lack of sensitivity) to both increases in traffic demand and decreases in traffic supply, thus reducing traffic congestion.


Tungsten (W) thin films were deposited using a modified chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, called pulsed CVD, and the film properties were characterized as nucleation layers for a W-plug fill process. In this study,the deposition stage is composed of four steps, resulting in one deposition cycle: (i) reaction of WF 6 with SiH 4 , (ii) inert gas purge, (iii) SiH 4 exposure, and (iv) inert gas purge. The W growth per cycle was extremely linear with a growth rate of ∼ 1.32 nm/cycle at 400°C. The growth rate was further enhanced to 1.5-1.9 nm/cycle by increasing the SiH 4 flow rate in the first step and/or by adding H 2 in the first and the third steps. The W film deposited by pulsed CVD showed a much lower roughness (∼0.7 nm) and a better conformality at the contact holes with an aspect ratio of 14, compared to W films deposited by conventional CVD using WF 6 and SiH 4 . The film resistivity was closely related with its phase (body-centered cubic α-W or primitive cubic β-W) and microstructure characterized by grain size as well as the film thickness (the "size effect"). Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that H 2 addition into the first and third steps increased the grain size from ∼7 to ∼13 nm and prevented the film from forming a β-W phase with high resistivity, resulting in a lower resistivity of 100 Ω-cm compared to that of the W film deposited without H 2 addition (210 μΩ-cm). H 2 addition was also effective in reducing the F and Si impurities in the films. Finally, the film resistivity was discussed on the basis of impurity, roughness, microstructure, and film phase.


Oil shale fields geology, the main characteristics of shale oil and its productive rocks are considered by materials of foreign publications. The classification of all types of shale deposits is given. The ways of shale oil products upgrading are shown.


Following the European sovereign debt crisis and the detrimental consequences this had for the European financial markets, Europe found itself at a crossroads, with an uncertain future ahead. As the choice was between fragmentation of the Member States or embarking on a journey almost as meaningful as a common currency, the 28 Member States decided on further integration, thereby establishing joint supervision for the euro area financial institutions and granting the ECB exclusive powers in its role as supervisor. The decision was supported by a unanimous decision of the European Council which pushed for fast action, and within only two years the mechanism began operating. Applying the theories of legal pluralism and globalization this research paper evaluates different arguments for and against a common banking supervision and tries to establish whether the relevant institutions and Member States are in fact ready for this rapid development. Using evaluation research as the methodological foundation for the scientific research a conclusion was reached based on interviews, media content analysis and statistics, providing an answer to the question of whether the mechanism is anachronistic or in fact a necessary step for the future of Europe.


This article is an introduction to the recent debate about whether rationality is normative – that is, very roughly, about whether we should have attitudes which fit together in a coherent way. I begin by explaining an initial problem – the 'detaching problem' – that arises on the assumption that we should have coherent attitudes. I then explain the prominent 'wide-scope' solution to this problem, and some of the central objections to it. I end by considering the options that arise if we reject the wide-scope solution.


PURPOSE
Dopamine (DA) is considered to be a neurotransmitter involved in light-adaptive responses in the retina and has been implicated in the control of the eye growth induced by form deprivation. Vitreal DOPAC was shown to be a good indicator of retinal dopaminergic activity.

METHODS/RESULTS
Dopaminergic activity was highest during the light; with vitreal DOPAC levels rising within 3 h of light exposure. Form deprivation attenuated dopaminergic activity, as the rise in vitreal DOPAC levels on light exposure was reduced in form-deprived eyes, compared with control eyes.

CONCLUSION
The lack of sustained activation of DA release may explain the role of DA in the control of eye-growth.


Politicaland Ideological Education,working on people's ideology education,needs human science of Marxism to provide theory basis because the human science of Marxism and its profound understanding to human nature is the supreme consideration about human from the philosophy angel.It will benefit out politicaland ideological education to point out the myths of traditional politicaland ideological education and put forward the correcting methods,and,even future,re-inspect its theory and practice.


The seal of the confessional was part of the canon law applied in England before the Reformation. It was also part of that law which was continued in force at the Reformation, as is confirmed by the proviso to canon 113 of the 1603 Canons. This proviso is still in force and proprio vigore binds the clergy of the Church of England. By the Act of Uniformity, 1662, the hearing of confessions was enjoined upon those clergy in certain circumstances; the law places no limit upon the frequency of their being heard. It is unsurprising that there are infrequent references to the seal of the confessional since the Reformation; such cases as there are are inconclusive. Nevertheless, although the seal of the confessional may be waived by the penitent, the refusal by an Anglican clergyman to disclose what was said within sacramental confession is based upon a duty imposed on him by the ecclesiastical law rather than upon an evidential privilege. An Anglican clergyman in breach of that duty would be in grave danger of censure by the ecclesiastical courts and such censure might well lead to his deprivation and possible deposition from Holy Orders. The ecclesiastical law is part of the general law of the land and must be applied in both the ecclesiastical and secular courts. Both courts must therefore enforce that clerical duty and uphold any refusal by an Anglican clergyman to answer questions in breach of the seal of the confessional.


Based on experimental study for boosting pressure performance of a supersonic steamwater twophase flow pressure booster with variable crosssection conduit, the key factors affecting the mixingchamber resistance of a pressure booster have been analysed and calculated, the calculating formula of mixingchamber resistance and every affecting factor being obtained, and the relative error between calculated result and experimental result being less than 15%. This can basically satisfy the requirements of industrial use.


We study repeated two-player games where one of the players, the learner, employs a no-regret learning strategy, while the other, the optimizer, is a rational utility maximizer. We consider general Bayesian games, where the payoffs of both the optimizer and the learner could depend on the type, which is drawn from a publicly known distribution, but revealed privately to the learner. We address the following questions: (a) what is the bare minimum that the optimizer can guarantee to obtain regardless of the no-regret learning algorithm employed by the learner? (b) are there learning algorithms that cap the optimizer payoff at this minimum? (c) can these algorithms be implemented efficiently? While building this theory of optimizer-learner interactions, we define a new combinatorial notion of regret called polytope swap regret, that could be of independent interest in other settings.


Design/Methods: After delivery, 1154 mothers intending to breastfeed and their 1169 newborns ≥34 weeks gestation were randomly assigned to either the HNV or OBC group. HNVs were scheduled ≤2 days after discharge; OBC timing was physician-determined. Mothers completed phone surveys at 2 weeks, 2 months, and 6 months. The primary study outcome was healthcare utilization for mothers and newborns (readmission, ED, outpatient) in the first 2 weeks after delivery. Other newborn outcomes were proportion seen ≤2 days after discharge and breastfeeding duration. Maternal outcomes also included depression, anxiety, satisfaction with care, perceived social support, and parenting sense of competence. Analyses were conducted using an intent to treat paradigm.


We study numerically the 6D (2,0) superconformal bootstrap using the soft-Actor-Critic (SAC) algorithm as a stochastic optimizer. We focus on the four-point functions of scalar superconformal primaries in the energy-momentum multiplet. Starting from the supergravity limit, we perform searches for adiabatically varied central charges and derive two curves for a collection of 80 CFT data (70 of these data correspond to unprotected long multiplets and 10 to protected short multiplets). We conjecture that the two curves capture the A and D -series (2,0) theories. Our results are competitive when compared to the existing bounds coming from standard numerical bootstrap methods, and data obtained using the OPE inversion formula. With this paper we are also releasing our Python implementation of the SAC algorithm, BootSTOP. The paper discusses the main functionality features of this package.


A multi-color coherent terahertz (THz) Smith-Purcell radiation based on compound grating is introduced in this paper. The periodically modulated depth in the compound grating is beneficial to decreasing the coupling strength of adj acent grooves and constructing a series of spoof surface plasmon (SPP) cavities. Owing to the weak coupling between two adjacent cavities, the multi-color coherent Smith-Purcell radiation in specific directions is induced by the excitation of free electron beam. This kind of Smith-Purcell radiation is promising for the development of THz radiation sources and THz communication.


Title of Thesis: PROGRAM VS. CONTEXT: UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS IN THE CITY Satya N. Pancham, Master of Architecture, 2004 Thesis Directed By: Professor Thomas L. Schumacher School of Architecture Institutional buildings are necessary in any community whether it is an urban or suburban setting. Typically, these are large program driven buildings that do not relate very well to their surrounding communities because they are often envisaged as large object buildings that create vast undefined spaces. In order to positively promote buildings that are beneficial to the urban fabric, institutional buildings must be studied as a contextual and space defining type instead of being an isolated object in an amorphous field. The institutional building type to be studied is the hospital because these are often large program driven buildings. The area of interest is southeast Washington DC and the site is located at the end of Massachusetts Avenue and 19 Street. This site is significant because of its accessibility and its larger impact on the healthcare network of the city. PROGRAM VS. CONTEXT: UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS IN THE CITY


HighlightsRecent research and development efforts center around developing smaller, portable robotic weeding systems.Deep learning methods have resulted in accurate, fast, and robust weed detection and identification.Additional key technologies under development include precision actuation and multi-vehicle planning. Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Automated systems, Automated weeding, Weed control.


A procedure is described by which ray‐acoustic intensity due to a point source in a horizontally uniform medium can be calculated with a digital computer. The process includes a curve‐fitting technique applied to velocity‐of‐sound data, the numerical integration of two sets of two simultaneous ordinary differential equations, the imposition of boundary conditions at reflecting surfaces, and the application of recurrence relationships relating partial derivatives within the first ray path cycle to those at ranges beyond the first cycle. For media with horizontal boundaries it is shown how the required numerical integration can be reduced greatly through use of the symmetries of the ray path. It is shown that significant errors can be introduced to the numerical process through discontinuities in derivatives of the sound‐velocity profile. Consideration is given to the propagation of such errors. The error‐propagating characteristics of recurrence relationships for intensity are considered also. A curve‐fitting technique is described which ensures continuity of the third derivative of the sound velocity and which produces profiles without the extraneous undulations so often introduced by other procedures. It is demonstrated how intensity can be affected greatly by small changes in the sound‐velocity profile.


© 2012 Nakamoto and Kezdy, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Cumulative Specificity: A Universal Mechanism for the Initiation of Protein Synthesis


The invention the central unit (CO, OLT), a distribution network (AN), and a subscriber-side network access units (ONT) is connected or connectable a plurality of network-side network termination unit of a telecommunication having the (DPD) access network the subscriber side (CPE) relates to a method for performing the network function of the network access unit (ONT), two-way communication path (1) which the central unit (CO) and are considering the subscriber-side network access unit in the network on (ONT) between the network-side network termination unit (DPD) is present between, and the subscriber side are taken into account to perform the network functions network access unit (ONT) and the corresponding said network-side network termination unit (DPD), which is connected in between the other two-way communication path (2), wherein the central unit (CO, OLT) and the network-side network termination unit (DPD), the bi-directional Is used in relation to the communication route (1), the present invention also provides an access network (Fig. 1), the central unit of a telecommunication (CO, OLT), the network-side network termination unit (DPD), and the subscriber-side network access unit (ONT ) it relates to.


Renewable energy is becoming a widely discussed topic in the European Union (EU), due to a desire to reduce the negative effects of fossil fuels on climate change and biodiversity. About 60% of the total renewable energy produced in the EU is derived from biomass. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an important pathway to convert biomass into biogas and then into bioenergy. Helianthus salicifolius is a perennial plant, whose biomass can serve as a co-substrate in biogas plants. Biomass composition, in addition to the biomethane and biogas potential, were investigated in raw green biomass and silage obtained from Helianthus salicifolius plants grown under different types (mineral and organic) and doses (0, 85, 170 kg N ha−1) of nitrogen fertilization. The biomethane production efficiency from Helianthus salicifolius was recorded for 25 days and found to range on average between 169.4 NL kg−1 VS for raw biomass and 193.2 NL kg−1 VS for silage. It follows from the current study that ensiling increases substrate digestibility and has a positive impact on methane concentration, but the biomethane and biogas production outputs from those substrates did not differ significantly at the end of the process.


Measuring trust in different Blockchain application contexts is challenging. There is a gap between building an accountable system with Blockchain and measuring the actual trust enhancement. This paper reviews trust factors in different Blockchain application contexts. We propose a trust assessment model for accountable trust factor collection while accounting for both quantitative and qualitative aspects of trust assessment. Our goal is to help users determine the trustworthiness of an entity by analyzing trust factors collected from intermediaries during business transactions. We use security and incentive assumptions to enhance the reliability of trust assessment data on Blockchain.


Retinoic acid (RA) is a vitamin A (retinol)-derived, small
lipophilic molecule, involved in cell proliferation,
differentiation or histogenesis, with important clinical
applications, e.g. in leukemia treatment. In this work, we have
analyzed retinoic acid by Laser Desorption Ionization (LDI),
Surface Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (SALDI) or Matrix
Assisted Laser Desorption Time Of Flight Mass spectrometry
(MALDI TOF MS). A formation of cation radical RA•+ using LDI or
the protonated form RA.H+ in MALDI was observed. In addition,
we developed and optimized SALDI of RA using various forms of
gold nano-particles.[1] Applying SALDI or combination of
nano-particles and common matrices (SALDI-MALDI) allowed a
highly sensitive determination of RA. In summary, analysis and
determination of RA by MS was optimized, allowing for
subsequent studies in cells or tissues.


Abstract : Previous visual search experiments have shown that training to consistently respond to a stimulus results in substantial improvements in performance. The current research examines whether the total processing, from stimulus to response, must be consistent for this improvement to occur. The experiment factorially combined consistent versus inconsistent attending and responding. In a multiple frame target detection paradigm, subjects detected single character targets in rapidly presented frames of four characters. Results showed inconsistent motor responding slowed detection improvement and reaction time. However, after extended training, no differences in detection accuracy existed between consistent and inconsistent motor responding if attending was consistent. The present research indicates that the notion of consistency need not relate to the entire task. Even if some stages of processing are inconsistent, consistency within a stage can lead to development of automatic processing. Implications for the development of automatic component processes are discussed. (Author)


We investigate the long-time dynamics of a competition-selection model in the case of a continuously distributed initial population. We introduce an epidemic model of pathogen species competing for a single resource, whose efficiency is encoded by a continuous variable (the "trait variable") living in a Euclidean space. The differential equation is solved in a space of measures to allow the observation of the natural concentration of the distribution on specific traits. We show the concentration of the distribution on the maximizing set of the fitness function in the sense of the Kantorovitch-Rubinstein metric. When the initial mass of the maximal fitness set is positive, we give a precise description of the convergence of the orbit, including a formula for the asymptotic distribution. We also investigate precisely the case of a finite number of regular global maxima and show that the initial distribution may have an influence on the support of the eventual distribution. In particular, the natural process of competition is not always selecting a unique species, but several species may coexist as long as they maximize the fitness function. In many cases it is possible to compute the eventual distribution of the surviving competitors. In some configurations, species that maximize the fitness may still get extinct depending on the shape of the initial distribution and some other parameter of the model, and we provide a way to characterize when this unexpected extinction happens.


BACKGROUND Food Handlers play a major role in transmitting pathogens passively from the contaminated source of hands and fingers to food to be eaten. They may also shed food borne pathogens such as E-coli and Non-Typhoidal salmonella during diarrhea. The Anganwadi workers have an important role in supervising the Anganwadi helper who cooks and serves food for children attending the ICDS centers. So, an Anganwadi worker should have the right knowledge regarding food safety to reduce the morbidity and mortality due to food poisoning and food borne illness. OBJECTIVE To determine the knowledge and practice of food safety among Anganwadi workers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cross sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 117 Anganwadi Workers belonging to the selected project area in Chennai. RESULTS Out of the total 117 Anganwadi workers, 70 percentage of them were in the age group of 20-40 years, majority were studied 10th standard. Nearly 74 percentage of them had the correct knowledge regarding food safety and 89 percentage of them were practicing the correct methods in assuring food safety to the beneficiaries. CONCLUSION The study subjects had an overall better awareness regarding food safety. Keyword :Anganwadi Workers, Food Safety INTRODUCTION The children are future citizen of our country. They constitute the greatest resource of the nation. They are also vulnerable to malnutrition and diarrhea. Therefore government of India adopted a resolution on" national policy for children" on 22nd Aug 1974 for the welfare of the children. In pursuance of the national policy for children Government of India launched a scheme called Integrated Child Development Service on 2nd Oct 1975. It is not only for children but also for mothers. The beneficiaries under this scheme are children of 0-6 yrs of age group, expectant mothers, lactating mothers during first 6 month and women of reproductive age group (15-45yrs). The services given by ICDS scheme are supplementary nutrition, growth monitoring, immunization, health checkup, medical referral services and non-formal preschool education between the ages of 3-6 years. UNICEF measures, under-5 mortality is the best single indicator of social development and wellbeing. Reduction in under-5 mortality combined with fertility rate in many regions and countries have decreased the burden of under 5 death from 12 million in 1990 to an estimated 6.9 million in 2011. Mortality rates among under-5 children fell globally by 41% between 1990 (Base year for millennium developmental goal) and 2011. In 2011 there were 6.9 million deaths in children under 5 years of age group. Almost 2/3 (64%) of these deaths were caused by infectious disease and the conditions such as pneumonia diarrhea, malaria, meningitis, tetanus, HIV and measles. Around forty percentage of all under 5 deaths are occurred in neonatal period. Globally more than half of the under 5 deaths can be attributed to under nutrition. The leading cause of death globally among children under 5 includes diarrhea which is 9% among other cause of death. Anganwadi Centers can be focal point for imparting food safety. Food safety means assurance that food is acceptable for human consumption according to intended use. Care in handling of food and water is prerequisite to prevent food borne illnesses. There is need to improve access to portable water, sanitation and cooking fuel and spreading awareness about checking of food labels and reporting to health authorities in case of labeling defect and food poisoning. Every year millions of people die and many are hospitalized due to food borne disease as a result of food stored, prepared, served and consumedin unhygienic environment without sufficient knowledge and training in hygiene and sanitation. They are using unclear water, inefficient storage, and lack of cleaning and mixing of chemical with food stuff. Food can be mishandled at many places during storage, preparation and distribution. Several studies indicate that food producers and consumers do not have adequate knowledge about prevention and control of food borne illness. This involves both local preparation and storage. Anganwadi Workers should have basic knowledge on food safety, hygiene and sanitation as they have very important role in serving for the children in Anganwadi Centers and also they are very close and continuous contact with the community. In Chennai there are 1440 ICDScenters and more than 1 lakhs children are attending ICDS. The Anganwadi Centers are maintained by Anganwadi workers and helpers. The beneficiaries are 0-6 yearschildren and among them the 3-6 years old children are provided supplementary nutrition in the centre itself. Anganwadi workers impart hygiene practices in preparationand handling of food to the helper and the mothers. The children are also taught basic hygiene practices. There are not many studies that are available in India on the knowledge and practices being adopted by Anganwadi workers. Hence, this study was taken up to assess the knowledge and practice on food safety among the Anganwadi workers. The awareness and attitude were 80 % respectively.


A laboratory experiment was conducted to study the adsorption-desorption behaviour of lead in sandy loam Typic Haplustept and sandy Typic Ustipsamment amended with different organic materials.The results indicated that the Pb adsorption was concentration-dependent in both the soils. Relatively higher amounts of added Pb were adsorbed (4.70–4.75 mg 100g−1) in sandy loam than in sandy soil (3.65–4.05 mg 100g−1), amended with different organic materials at lower concentration of the former in the equilibrium solution. The highest amount of 4.75 mg Pb 100g−1 was adsorbed in the FYM-amended soil. The desorption of Pb increased with increased concentration of Pb in equilibrium solution. Higher amount of Pb was desorbed by CaCl2 from the samples where more Pb was retained in soil. More desorption was observed from sandy soil than that from sandy loam soil. However, complete desorption did not take place by 0.002 M CaCl2 in any case. Thus amendment of a soil with any type of organic material reduces the desorbability of Pb from the soil which suggests less Pb availability.


The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating role of management accounting systems that influence management style on managerial performance in hospitals. The theory use in this study is the contingency theory. The population of the study is all managers or leaders in hospitals in Palembang both private and public hospitals. The respondent of this research is financial managers, human resources managers, operational managers, and chief financial officers. The result of this study indicates that the management style has a positive and significant effect on management accounting systems. This is also for management accounting systems that have a positive and significant effect on managerial performance. However, management style on managerial performance shows an insignificant result. It shows that the direct impact between management style and managerial performance is not related, but the indirect impacts are related. Management accounting systems have mediation role.


Over the past decade the United Kingdom has seen a significant increase in the number of marine-based construction projects led principally by the offshorerenewables sector. The construction and operation of an offshore development is likely to involve tasks that generate underwater noise. Such tasks may include hammering foundation piles into the subsea sediments, drilling foundation sockets into the basement rock, increased shipping for support activities and, of course, the noise generated by each and all of the turbines. As a result of these activities, there has been an increasing awareness that the man-made noise thus generated has the potential to produce acoustic impacts on marine life found in and around the vicinity of the development.


Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Just-in-time procurement strategy on organization performance of food and beverage manufacturing firms in Nairobi County.
Methodology: The study adopted a causal research design. To collect primary data the respondents answered questions administered to them through questionnaires. The unit of observation consisted of the Heads of Procurement, Production, Sales and Finance of the food and beverage manufacturing firms located in Nairobi County as listed by Kenya Association of Manufacturers in 2019. The sample size was 83 heads of department. Face validity was used to determine the accuracy of the study instrument while test re-test method was used to determine the reliability. The completed questionnaires were analysed with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques.
Findings: From the study findings Just-in-time (JIT) procurement strategy (β=0.689, t=3.469, p=0.001) had a positive effect on organization performance of food and beverage manufacturing firms. The value of adjusted R2 was 0.167 indicating that there was variation of 16.7 percent on organization performance due to changes in JIT procurement at 95 percent confidence interval.
Conclusion: The study concluded that JIT Procurement strategy has a positive effect on organization performance of food and beverage manufacturing firms in Nairobi County. The overall effect of JIT Procurement strategy on organization performance was 68.9%. The study therefore accepted the alternative hypothesis that JIT procurement strategy has significant effect on organization performance of food and beverages manufacturers in Nairobi County.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Food and beverge manufacturing firms in developing countries should consider implementing JIT Procurement strategy. This will ensure that they purchase the optimal level of items when needed to avoid keeping unnecessary inventory which ties up money and at the same time ensure that there is no shortage so that the customers have to wait. Policy makers in the food and beverage manufacturing sector should consider developing policies to promote JIT Procurement strategy in this industry. Further research should be conducted focusing on the service sector to investigate the effect of JIT Procurement strategy on organization performance for comparison.


Metaphor is conceived as understanding and experiencing one kind of thing in terms of another. Metaphor is pervasive not just in language, but also in our thoughts and actions. The conceptual system is metaphoric in nature. Previous studies on metaphor are done through linguistic researchers' intuitive analysis. Few quantitative studies have been done to metaphor from corpus and the perspective of learners in second or foreign language learning. This paper, based on CLEC corpus, attempts to explore the relationship between spatial metaphor and second language acquisition and learning. Using 'HIGH' as a spatial measurement adjective, the paper hopes to understand different types of metaphorical collocations of HIGH in CLEC—a Chinese EFL learners' corpus, and to indicate the relationship of metaphor output ability with learners' language proficiency. The studies have demonstrated eight types of HIGH collocations from Chinese EFL learners and the metaphor output ability is directly related to the learners' language proficiency.


In LCOS light engine,illuminant module is a important components.Three_chiped LCOS light engine of ColorQuad structure is chosen as an example in this artice.Composition of the illuminant module in light engine is introduced,the working principle,function and material choice of its component is analyzed in detail.


The spectral test provides a reliable measure for lattice assessment and can be computed very efficiently. It has extensively been applied to find good lattices for several MC and QMC applications. In order to enable comparisons across dimensions, a normalized spectral test is widely used. We empirically demonstrate significant shortcomings of this normalization in high dimensions, discuss the empirical distribution of the normalized spectral test values, and propose a new normalization strategy. The new normalization is shown to give more reliable results, especially concerning the comparability of the values accross dimensions.


The four-dimensional (4D) atmospheric guidance depict another point of view into the modern autopilot design. This type of guidance assures the tracking, with a pre-specified error, of a desired 4D trajectory. In this paper the 4D kinematics is analyzed, for the case of classical atmospheric vehicles control, in order to develop powerful guidance controllers. The solution of the inverse kinematics problem assures the conversion of the reference 4D primary trajectory in a sequence of required attitudes and speed magnitudes defined as functions of time. The control task was simplified by using the forced singular perturbation theory, the overall system dynamics being separated into reduced-order systems and independently controlled. The algorithm performance was evaluated for the case of a conventional transport aircraft that tracks a 4D trajectory defined by flight levels, waypoints and an estimated time of arrival. The test evolution was a final approach and landing. A version of a global guidance algorithm was implemented.


The intraperitoneal infusion of male bone marrow cells to the "op" female Rat reverses the course of the lethal disease and initiates a repopulation of the thymus, spleen and bone marrow. The weight of the atrophic "op" thymus increases before any sign of recovery becomes apparent.


Tidal generation power is investigated in deregulated power market. The operation scheme of tidal generation power may affect the market clearing price. The performance of power market with tidal generation is analyzed and numerical examples are included for illustration of change of LMP in the zones. In addition, test results show that the operation of tidal generation can increase social welfare and improve the congestion of the transmission line capacity.


TRANSCAP-1D is a numerical model that simulates the vertical migration of dissolved contaminants through a subaqueous capping layer. The model was developed for the prediction of the long-term effectiveness of a sediment cap. It considers advection, diffusion, chemical reactions, and the effect of the burrowing activity of the benthic fauna. The sediment is represented as a dual porosity medium composed of sediment pores and biologically formed tubes. The numerical model was calibrated with the concentration profiles of dissolved arsenic measured in the sediments at two sampling stations in the Saguenay Fjord, in Quebec, Canada, where a major flood event caused the natural capping of contaminated sediments. Thereafter several numerical simulations with variable bio-irrigation depth and variable thickness of the capping layer were performed to test the effect of the uncertainty and variability of the input values on the model response. These simulations indicate that the depth of bio-irrigation in the sedi...


Chlamydia trachomatis infection is a worldwide-distributed sexually transmitted infection. Rapid detection of Chlamydial infections in the medical laboratory is very important. The aim of the presence study is to detect IgG and IgM in serum of pregnant women, and to detect the presence of C .trachomatis antibodies in women with ectopic pregnancy. Three hundred blood samples were collected from pregnant women with a gestational age between 25 and 36 weeks. Anti- Chlamydia IgG and anti- Chlamydia IgM were detected using ELISA technique. The result revealed that the rate of anti Chlamydia IgG among pregnant women was 17 (5.6%) and 4 (1.3%) were positive for both anti- Chlamydia IgM and IgG. This study showed a correlation between C. trachomatis positivity and ectopic pregnancy. Screening program of C.trachomatis is very importance in the prevention of long term problems.


The effect of urea on plaque formation by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV‐2) was examined in two systems at concentrations within or approximating the range found in human urine. Approximately 7‐10 mg urea/ml, added 2, 4, or 8 hours after infection, reduced plaque formation by 50% in African green monkey kidney cells. The growth of this system was affected slightly by continuous treatment with urea at 7–10 mg/ml. Plaque formation was reduced in the monkey kidney system, albeit diminishingly, even after addition of urea 12 hours after infection. In the human lung fibroblast system, urea at 10 mg/ml reduced plaque numbers by 50% but depressed the growth of cells completely.


This study investigates the pros and cons of flocking in long-range "migration" of mobile robot swarms under the influence of different factors. We present a flocking behavior consisting of three simple behaviors: heading alignment, proximal control, and alignment to the desired homing direction. The behavior drives a flock of robots from one location to another by sensing the magnetic field of the Earth. We propose that four factors influence the accuracy of reaching a particular location with the proposed behavior; namely, averaging through the heading alignment behavior, the noise in sensing the homing direction, the differences in the characteristics of the individuals, and the disturbances caused by proximal control behavior. In a series of systematic experiments conducted with both physical and simulated robots, we evaluate the effects of these factors in the accuracy of long-range "migrations" of flocks.


Our previous survey revealed a poor microbial quality of, and the presence of Salmonella on leafy green vegetables grown/sold in Accra, Ghana.  This study validated the efficacy of some cleaning/sanitation methods commonly used by Ghanaian households (tap water, salt solution, lemon juice, and vinegar), by comparing them with the performance of several sanitation approaches used by the U.S. fresh produce industry (chlorine, peracetic acid, and ozonated water) in reducing Salmonella populations on leafy green vegetables.  Cabbage and lettuce leaves inoculated with each of three Salmonella cocktails were treated with sterile water and the above 6 sanitizers.  The efficacies of the treatments were evaluated using the standard plate count assay.   The effect of the treatments on the sensory quality of treated vegetables was evaluated by a 97-member consumer panel in the U.S .   Treatments with citric and acetic acid were as effective as chlorine and peracetic acid in reducing Salmonella counts on vegetable leaves.  Ozonated water was less effective than the two organic acids, but equally as effective as treatment with the salt solution.  Rinsing vegetables with water did not significantly reduce Salmonella counts ( P > 0.05).  Citric acid-, vinegar-, and water-treated cabbage leaves were more preferred ( P ≤ 0.05) by the consumer panel, while chlorine-treated cabbage leaves were the least preferred.  Lettuce samples treated with citric acid and water were more preferred, and salt-treated samples were least preferred .  Among the vegetable sanitation methods used by Ghanaian households, treatments with citric and acetic acid are effective in inactivating Salmonella without adversely affecting the sensory quality of treated vegetables.


Summary

1
A short history of the development of cerebral angiography and a resume of its uses is given.

2
Angiographic technique is described in general terms, together with pre-injection precautions and the possible complications which can follow injection.

3
Normal arteriograms and phlebograms are illustrated and described.

4
The method of interpretation of angiograms by vessel shift, alteration in vascular pattern and obliteration of arteries is explained.

5
A series of angiographic appearances in the commoner types of cerebral tumour is reproduced with descriptive paragraphs on each. These include meningiomata, gliomata, haemangiomata and the metastatic tumours.


Automatic dialect identification is a more challenging task than language identification, as it requires the ability to discriminate between varieties of one language. In this paper, we propose an ensemble based system, which combines traditional machine learning models trained on bag of n-gram fetures, with deep learning models trained on word embeddings, to solve the Discriminating between Mainland and Taiwan Variation of Mandarin Chinese (DMT) shared task at VarDial 2019. Our experiments show that a character bigramtrigram combination based Naive Bayes is a very strong model for identifying varieties of Mandarin Chinense. Through further ensemble of Navie Bayes and BiLSTM, our system (team: itsalexyang) achived an macroaveraged F1 score of 0.8530 and 0.8687 in two tracks.