ABSTRACT Sanya City, in China, is experiencing rapid urbanization and expansion of tourism, followed by various geological hazards. In this letter, 25 spotlight-mode TerraSAR-X images (acquired from March 2010 to November 2011) and Multi-temporal spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry were used for the wide-area instability monitoring of a tourist zone in Sanya, China. The Persistent Scatterers (PSs) were first extracted in the settlement region, and then the Distributed Scatterers (DSs) were identified in the suburban and mountain regions to increase the monitoring extent; this was followed by a temporal-spatial filtering to reduce the decorrelation noise. The Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) method was used for the deformation estimation and instability mapping. The results show that several mountain slopes and urban grounds were unstable and subsiding, and potential security risks existed. The main reasons were human activities such as construction, forest harvesting, farming, mining, and even tourism. The findings highlight the effectiveness of PS-DS integrated multi-temporal interferometry in the coastal city and facilitate the hazard prevention, tourism planning and management decisions.


afterwards, durin the absence of the nurse, the man tried to get out of bed and was found dead on her return. Mr. Mlorison thought that syncope was a common method of deatli in these cases. Dr. JAMES DRUMMOND related a case wiiclh had come under lis observation a year ago. A stableman, who did not know how he got the infectioin, but suggested foreign grain, developed a pustule on the dorsum of the hand the size of a split walnut. He was seen four days after the onset. The fluid in the vesicles contained bacilli. Treatment consisted in injecting carbolic acid all round the pustule. The whole mass sloughed away, leaving a healthy surface, which healed in three months. Dr. BEATTIE said tllat the period of incubation in Mr. Morison's case was four days, and a striking peculiarity was that bacilli were found in the blood during life. If the knife were used in the treatment of these cases, the resulting wound might be readily inoculated. He would suggest the actual cautery. Mr. WILLIAMSON related the history of a man who developed two pustules on upper eyelid. The fluid in the vesicles was examined for bacilli, but none were found. The man died. Dr. FIELDEN had come across three cases in his practice, all in butchers. These were all treated bv tlhe external applicaton of strong liquor ferri percliloridi and the internal administration of 30 minims of the same preparation. All recovered. GASTROENTErLOSTOMY. Mr. RUTHERFORD MORIsoN brought forward a patient wlho had noticed a mass in the abdomen for three years. Operation (gastroenterostomy) had been performed six weeks previously, with great benefit to the patient. Mr. Morison's method of operating consisted in severing the gut below the duodeno-jejunal flexure, attaching the distal part to the anterior surface of the stomach, and the proximal part to the gut below the anastomosis. In this way there was less liability for bile and pancreatic juice to regurgitate. Dr. CLAY discussed the diagnosis of the case. Mr. A. E. MoRisoN said that he had donie gastroenterostomy in 5 cases. In 2 of these death had occurred as a result of regurgitation of intestinal contents. Mr. MARTIN also made some remarks.


The process of Ni P SiC composite electroless plating has been developed on the aluminum alloy surface. With scanning electromicroscope, spectrometer and microhardometer,the authors analyze synthetically the surface condition , microscopic structure and properties of the composite electroless plating. The results show that with the increase in the quantity of SiC particles in bath, the SiC particles in the composite plating gradually increase and they are evenly distributed throughout the matrix of electroless Ni-P alloy.The authors find out the best SiC additive quantity by a series of experiments. At the same time, a contrastive study is given to the pre process of aluminium alloy. As a result, the pre process of composite electroless plating on the aluminium alloy surface is simplified.


The competitive automotive market drives automotive manufacturers to speed up the vehicle development cycles and reduce the lead‐time. Fast tooling development is one of the key areas to support fast and short vehicle development programs (VDP). In the past ten years, the stamping simulation has become the most effective validation tool in predicting and resolving all potential formability and quality problems before the dies are physically made. The stamping simulation and formability analysis has become an critical business segment in GM math‐based die engineering process. As the simulation becomes as one of the major production tools in engineering factory, the simulation speed and accuracy are the two of the most important measures for stamping simulation technology. The speed and time‐in‐system of forming analysis becomes an even more critical to support the fast VDP and tooling readiness. Since 1997, General Motors Die Center has been working jointly with our software vendor to develop and implement...


Abstract Background: In Japan, S1 + platinum (SP) is recommended for advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients as first-line setting, and S1 monotherapy is suggested for frail AGC patients or adjuvant setting. However, taxane or CPT-11 were often employed as second-line treatment for the patients who were resistant to S1-containing regimen. A retrospective analysis has reported that S1 combination chemotherapy extended overall survival as second-line treatment for AGC that was resistant to first-line S1-based chemotherapy. Methods: Patients with AGC who confirmed disease progression by imaging after the first-line therapy with S1 or SP were randomized in four groups. Treatment groups were divided as follows; CPT-11 alone (Group A), weekly paclitaxel (Group B), CPT-11 plus S1 (Group C1) and PTX plus S1 (Group C2). Primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), and secondary endpoints were progression free survival (PFS), response rate and safety. Sample size was set at 100 to 120 to achieve 2 months improvement of OS by using CPT-11 or by adding S1 with approximately 80% probability of the correct selection. Results: From July 2008 to March 2012, 127 patients were enrolled. The OS was 11.3/11.3/14.6/10.5 months(M) (Group A/B/C1/C2), 11.8M in Group A + C1 and 11.1M in Group B + C2 (p = 0.922, HR: 0.981 [0.679-1.419]), 11.3M in Group A + B and 11.1M in Group C1 + C2 (p = 0.808, HR: 0.952 [0.643-1.412]), respectively. The PFS was 3.0/4.4/3.8/3.5M (Group A/B/C1/C2), 3.6M in Group A + C1 and 4.1M in Group B + C2 (p = 0.035, HR:0.674 [0.468-0.972]) 3.7M in Group A + B and 3.7M in Group C1 + C2 (p = 0.931, HR: 1.017 [0.643-1.412]). Major Grade 3/4 toxicity (Group A/B/C1/C2, %), was leukopenia (12/7/5/0), neutropenia (29/16/24/24), nausea (7/2/10/5), diarrhea (5/0/10/0), and fatigue (5/2/10/5). There was one treatment-related death in Group A. Conclusions: From our results, we do not recommend consecutive use of S1 but CPT-11 or PTX monotherapy as second-line treatment in AGC patients who are refractory to S1 or SP.


Feature extraction plays a vital role in visual action recognition. Many existing gradient-based feature extractors, including histogram of oriented gradients, histogram of optical flow, motion boundary histograms, and histogram of motion gradients, build histograms for representing different actions over the spatio-temporal domain in a video. However, these methods require to set the number of bins for information aggregation in advance. Varying numbers of bins usually lead to inherent uncertainty within the process of pixel voting with regard to the bins in the histogram. This article proposes a novel method to handle such uncertainty by fuzzifying these feature extractors. The proposed approach has two advantages: it better represents the ambiguous boundaries between the bins and, thus, the fuzziness of the spatio-temporal visual information entailed in videos; and the contribution of each pixel is flexibly controlled by a fuzziness parameter for various scenarios. The proposed family of fuzzy descriptors and a combination of them are evaluated on two publicly available datasets, demonstrating that the proposed approach outperforms the original counterparts and other state-of-the-art methods.


Electrochemical corrosion tests were used to study the corrosion resistance with and without the anodizing process. The Nyquist plots were obtained in a three electrode confi guration. A saturated calom-el electrode (SCE) was used as the reference electrode and a platinum plate was used as the counter electrode. Curves were performed after 30 min of immersion in an aerated 3.5% NaCl solution. Impedance measurements (EIS) were used at frequency range from 55 kHz to 1.38 mHz, with a logarithmic sweeping frequency of 5 steps per decade and 10 mV excitation voltage amplitude.


This study focuses on spatial variability of throughfall water and chemistry and forest floor water content within a Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii, Franco L.) forest plot. Spatial patterns of water and chemistry (NH4, NO3, SO4, Cl, Mg, Ca, Na and K) were compared and tested for stability over time. The spatial coefficient of variation (CV) was between 18 and 26% for amounts of throughfall water and ions, and 17% for forest floor water content. Concentrations and amounts of all ions were correlated significantly. Ion concentrations were negatively correlated with throughfall water amounts, but, except for NH4, there was no such relation between throughfall water and ion amounts. Spatial patterns of throughfall water fluxes and forest floor water contents were consistent over time; patterns of ion fluxes were somewhat less stable. Because of the spatial variability of forest floor thickness and drainage, it was not possible to relate patterns in throughfall water directly to patterns in water content. The spatial variability of throughfall nitrogen and forest floor water contents can cause significant variability in NO3 production within the plot studied. with Geert P.J. Draaijers, Marcel G. Schaap, Albert Tietema, Jacobus M. Verstraten, 2002. Spatial variability of throughfall water and chemistry and forest floor water content in a Douglas fir forest stand. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 6(3): 363-374.


This review paper focuses on detection and quantification techniques of indicator organisms that can be used for water quality assessment. The environmental pathogens that are critical to understand and better evaluate water quality are also discussed in this paper. Several recent studies using culture‐independent methods such as microbial source tracking, pulsed field gel electrophoresis, mitochondrial DNA, and next generation sequencing to assess various environmental samples and water bodies have been reviewed.


Background: The present study was undertaken to assess the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa at a tertiary care hospital in Bihar, India. Due to significant changes in microbial genetic ecology, as a result of indiscriminate use of anti-microbials, the spread of anti-microbial resistance is now a global problem. Materials and Methods: Out of 267 culture positive samples, 59 samples of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were examined and 10 different types of specimen were collected. Microbial sensitivity testing was done using disk diffusion test with Pseudomonas species NCTC 10662, as per CLSI guidelines. Result: The highest number of Pseudomonas infections was found in urine, followed by pus and sputum. Pseudomonas species demonstrated marked resistance against monotherapy of penicillins, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines and macrolides. Only combination drugs like Ticarcillin + Clavulanic acid, Piperacillin + Tazobactum,


Generators with inductive energy storage units and semiconductor opening switches designed for laser excitation are described. Operation of the generators on gas-discharge load is considered and possible excitation modes are discussed. Longitudinal N2-laser with inductive energy storage unit and semiconductor opening switch is investigated. It is shown that pumping by inductive energy storage unit reduced the influence of the discharge circuit inductance and broadened the range of the operating pressures at which lasing was possible. Besides the laser output energy may be increased by means of peaking capacitors connected in parallel with a discharge tube. Transverse discharge non-chain HF-laser and C02-laser are developed basing on this pumping technique. Output energy of 0,6 J and 3,2 J and the laser efficiency of 5,5% and over 17% were demonstrated on H2-SF6 and He-CO2-N2 gas mixtures, respectively. High laser parameters obtained demonstrate considerable promise of such inductive generators for pumping different gas lasers.


Aim: To assess the effectiveness of groups counseling for smoking cessation among secondary school students. Methods: This study was conducted among secondary school students in two districts in Selangor Malaysia, during July 2005 until August 2006. Upon screening, 346 students were randomly assigned into intervention group (IG) (n=158) and non intervention group (NIG) (n=188). IG underwent structured group counseling regularly for four months, while no group counseling was given to the NIG but subjected to the regular smoking cessation activities organized by their respective schools. Knowledge and attitude towards smoking and quit rate were measured in both groups before intervention, and at 4, 8, and 12 months after intervention. Results: Revealed that students in IG had signifi cantly higher knowledge scores than those in NIG during follow-up visits (24.29+7.97 vs 23.58+8.44 on the fi rst visit), (29.10+8.52 vs 24.09+8.69 on the second visit) (26.59+8.26 vs 22.08+8.04 on the third visit) and (25.54+8.34 vs 21.26+9.60 on the fourth visit). Attitude scores were not signifi cantly different in both groups. Quit rate at four months after intervention was signifi cantly higher in IG as compared to the NIG (45%; 71/158 vs 32%; 60/188) (P=0.013). Conclusion: Group counseling is very effective in improving the respondents' knowledge and quite rate, but not their attitudes toward smoking. (Med J Indones 2010; 19:273-9)


This research aims to determine the social competence of teachers in learning geography at SMA Negeri 1 Sungai Raya during the COVID-19 pandemic. The type of research used in this research is descriptive using qualitative methods. The data sources for this study were the geography teachers, the principal, and three students in grades X, XI, XII IPS at SMA Negeri 1 Sungai Raya. This study's data collection techniques were through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data collection tools used were observation guidelines, interview guidelines, and documentation tools. The analysis in this study was presented in a qualitative descriptive manner using two key informants and four supporting informants. The results showed that 1) Teachers in the geography learning process used written communication methods more often during the COVID-19 pandemic. 2) Teachers' communication and information technology were laptops, smartphones, WhatsApp, and google classroom applications in the learning process. There are no obstacles for teachers in using the technology devices, only limited quotas for students and teachers. 3) The way teachers interact and socialize in the learning process is considered suitable for the students.


Agents o er the possibility of personalizing otherwise impersonal computational systems. The World-Wide Web is an information collection that presents the same appearance to every user regardless of that user's past activity. Web Browser Intelligence (WBI, pronounced \WEB-ee") is an implemented system that provides a loosely confederated group of agents on a user's workstation capable of observing user actions, proactively o ering assistance, modifying resulting web documents, and performing new functions. For example, WBI will annotate hyperlinks with network speed information, record pages viewed for later access, and provide shortcut links for common paths. WBI is an architecture in which small programs, or agents, connect to the information stream by registering their trigger conditions and then performing operations on the stream. This structure provides rich opportunities for personalizing the web experience by joining together personal and global information, as well as enabling collaboration among web users.


In this paper an advanced mesh-free method for electromagnetic transient simulation is presented. It is based on the so called smoothed particle hydrodynamics method; the method enables to simulate electromagnetic problems without using a regular grid as it is necessary in classic grid based numerical methods. The new method is a particular mesh-free method based on particles. It does not require an initial regular grid but only an arbitrary particles distribution. Thus the particles can be thickened only in little spots, where the electromagnetic field varies rapidly or in those regions in which particular objects have to be simulated. The proposed method has been applied to numerically solve Maxwell's equations with the assigned boundary and initial conditions in time domain. Comparison with classic finite difference time domain method is discussed. Applications to simple one and two dimensional case studies are reported to show the potentiality of the new method. Application to wave equation is also presented in order to show the capability and the flexibility of the proposed method.


Students experience challenges with persistence, retention, graduation, and overall academic success in colleges and universities, particularly when courses are taught by adjunct instructors. Using a sample of 21,274 student results in three different general education disciplines from 2010 to 2019, the authors found that there was a disparity between adjunct and full-time faculty members in those key outcomes. The purpose of this study is to analyze data about student persistence, retention, and academic skills and its relationships with type of instructor (adjunct or non-adjunct) to consider the means by which the results may help to respond effectively to negative indicators in those areas. In addition to including adjunct instructors in professional development and student engagement activities on campuses, strategically hiring full-time faculty may result in gains that offset the higher financial outlay for those instructors.


An in vivo study was conducted to investigate the feasibility, mechanical function, and chronic biocompatibility of a new light-activated surgical adhesive for achieving rapid hemostasis of the puncture site following diagnostic catheterization and interventional cardiac procedures. Porcine carotid arteries (nequals6) and femoral arteries (nequals6) were exposed, and an incision was made in the arterial walls using a 16G needle. The surgical adhesive, composed of a poly(L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) scaffold doped with the traditional protein solder mix of serum albumin and indocyanine green dye, was used to close the incisions in conjunction with an 805-nm diode laser. Blood flow was restored to the vessels immediately after the procedure and the incision sites were checked for patency. The strength and hemostatic abilities of the new surgical adhesive were evaluated in the context of arterial pressure, persistence of hemostatis and presence of any inflammatory reaction after 3 days. After this evaluation period, the surgical procedure was repeated on the carotid arteries (nequals6) and femoral arteries (nequals6) of three additional animals that had been heparinized prior to surgery to closer approximate the conditions seen in a typical vascular surgical setting.


"Opposed dies shearing process" is based on the idea of smooth surface formation by cutting mechanism and can be applied to brittle materials in principle. This feature is considered to be available for finishing of cast products and new demand for this process is expected. In this paper, precision shearing of cast materials by "Opposed dies shearing process" was studied. Four kinds of cast iron and cast aluminum under practical use were tested and unique characteristics in applying this process to brittle materials were cleared. Influences of working conditions on sheared surface were investigated and optimum conditions to obtain fracture-free sheared surface were given for each material. In comparison with other shearing processes, it was cleared that the sheared surface quality of this process was much better than that of conventional shearing process and almost equal to that of shaving process.


Introduced two Information fusion methods based on Rough Set and Neural Network. At the same time the advantage and disadvantage of each method are analyzed, the method of Information fusion based on integrating two methods is designed. The main idea of the method is to use the Rough Set pre- processing the information, which can optimize neural network architectures. Applica- tion is showed to prove that the algorithm is effective and stable.


Epilepsy has varied presentations leading to confusion in diagnosis [1]. Atypical features like episodic hallucinations, rage attacks, secondary enuresis, and episodic nervousness with sensory, autonomic, and motor symptoms are already present in the literature [2]. The limited understanding regarding clinical presentation leads to epilepsy having a huge burden of disease. This case demonstrates the identification of seizure disorder on basis of detailed history and electroencephalogram findings, despite having an atypical presentation and normal neurological examination.


Abstract Nuclear waste contains a significant amount of long-lived non-gamma-emitting nuclei such as 129I and 14C. A method of nondestructive detection for monitoring long-lived waste products is proposed as an application of the (γ,n) reaction. This method is useful for surveying long-lived "difficult-to-measure" nuclides, e.g., 129I. Iodine-128 produced from the reaction of 129I(γ,n)128I emits gamma rays that can easily be measured by a gamma-ray counter. We measured the inclusive photonuclear 129I(γ,n)128I reaction cross section induced by bremsstrahlung photons. The photons were produced at a Ta target bombarded by 30-MeV electrons from a linear accelerator. The intensity of the slow neutrons was considered in the reactions of 127I(n, γ)128I and 129I(n, γ)130I. The activity of 128I was measured by a high-purity germanium spectrometer. The gamma-ray flux and the neutron flux were calculated using the EGS and MCNP codes, respectively. The average activation cross section of the 129I(γ,n)128I reaction had a 12% deviation from the evaluated International Atomic Energy Agency photonuclear data.


Patients with vertigo and ataxia due to lesions of the peripheral labyrinth were treated with YC-93, a vasodilator of cerebral blood vessels. The patients included 15 with Meniere's disease and 3 with head trauma. The results obtained were as follows; (1) This drug was effective in relieving symptoms, particularly vertigo, nausea and vomiting. There were no demonstrable effects on deafness, stiffness of the neck and shoulders and dullness and pain of the head, although a fairly good result was found, with regard to tinnitus and fullness of the ear. (2) Improvement of vertigo tended to be parallel with reduction and/or disappearance of disequilibrium of the eyes and the body, which included spontaneous and positional nystagmus, impairment of the righting reflex and drift reactions of the upper and lower limbs. However, results from caloric nystagmus test showed no significant improvement despite a fairly long administration. Thus YC-93 appears to be an effective drug for treatment of aural vertigo.


A less sensitive high explosive is obtained by using a Dicyandiamide (DCDA), Ammonium Nitrate (AN), Guanidine Nitrate (GN), Ethylene Diamine Dinitrate (EDDN) eutectic melt binder in combination with Ammonium Perchlorate (AP) oxidizer, fine RDX (2-10 mm particle size) and aluminum metal. The eutectic binder offers a melt castable, energetic matrix similar to TNT but with improved thermal response. The fine RDX particles improve performance, boosterability and sensitivity. The inclusion of AP greatly improves air blast by adding oxygen to the reaction and aiding combustion of the ingredients. The aluminum extends the pressure pulse. The ratio of eutectic salts is formulated to obtain the lowest known processing temperature. The composition was formulated in hopes of meeting performance, cost and sensitivity goals related to the next generation of U.S. explosives.


We would like to congratulate Jianqing Fan for an excellent and well-written survey of some of the lit erature in this area. We will here focus on some of the issues which are at the research frontiers in finan cial econometrics but are not covered in the survey. Most importantly, we consider the estimation of actual volatility. Related to this is the realization that financial data is actually observed with error (typically called market microstructure), and that one needs to consider a hidden semimartingale model. This has implications for the Markov models discussed above. For reasons of space, we have not included refer ences to all the relevant work by the authors that are cited, but we have tried to include at least one refer ence to each of the main contributors to the realized volatility area.


Abstract : Loss of tactile discrimination and dexterity during critical phases of flight are common to arctic operations. The development of more efficient handwear


Ti-(3•`16)% V-(3•`11)% Cr-3Al beta type alloys are used to investigate the effects of beta stabilized elements on cold workability and aging characteristics. Compressive test and cold rolling test are examined to estimate cold workability of solution treated specimens. Hardness is measured and microstructures are observed to estimate aging characteristics of solution treated and cold rolled specimens. Hardness of solution condition depends mainly on chromium level. Vanadium equivalent is used for an index of beta phase stability. It is useful to distinguish the


Between June 1998 and January 2000, 83 patients underwent preoperative MRI and subsequent arthroscopy. Twenty-two patients were available for this study. They had undergone arthroscopical meniscectomy, and follow-up MRI was obtained three months after arthroscopy. Intensity change of the bone marrow was recognized in five patients (23%), which suggested osteonecrosis or edema of the subchondral bone. Lateral subluxation of the retained lateral menisci occurred in three patients. Since the frequency of abnormal findings is low and the cost of MRI is expensive, we recommend follow-up MRI after arthroscopic meniscectomy only when the patients have sustained symptoms.


Feed both in terms of quantity and quality is a major bottleneck for livestock production in Ethiopia. The use of feed from commercial sources is, however, very limited due to shortage of feed supply and inefficient marketing system. Feed prices are increasing from time to time and mainly exacerbated by the increasing trend in export market of agro-industrial by-products and double taxation in mixed rations. The supply of agro-industrial by-products that constitute more than half of the ingredients used in mixed rations has not been growing commensurate with the growth in demand. As a result, the price of ingredients and manufactured feeds has been increasing at a very fast rate. The problems facing the compound feed industry are multifaceted and thus require commensurate solution by the different actors. Provision of incentives, speeding up enforcement of feed legislation, accreditation of laboratories to increase chemical analysis, awards and recognition for consistent compliance to quality standards, rules and regulations, avoidance of multiple taxation, assure adequate feed supplies and reliable quality of raw materials and finished feeds at affordable prices. Therefore, assessing the conditions, challenges and opportunities of compound feed manufacturing is of paramount importance for effective and efficient utilization of the resources to enhance the productivity of the livestock sector in the country.


Abstract This work addresses the effect of palladium solution concentration on combinatorial plating characteristics of surfactant and sonication coupled electroless plating baths for the fabrication of dense palladium films on porous stainless steel substrates. All plating experiments were carried out using palladium solution concentration of 0·005 and 0·01M plating baths with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide surfactant at four critical micelle concentrations and loading ratio of 203 cm2 L−1. The evaluated combinatorial plating characteristics include selective conversion, plating efficiency, plating rate, Pd film thickness and per cent pore densification. The enhancement in palladium solution concentration was found to be insignificant to provide better combinatorial plating characteristics, and the plating bath consisting of 0·005M Pd solution concentration has provided 99·98% per cent pore densification with a Pd film thickness of 8·81 μm and plating efficiency of 80·69%.


A careful scrutiny of the literature shows that only about seventy-seven cases of multiple myeloma have been reported to date (January, 1922). Eight of these were reported from Maryland alone. The two reported from California were observed in this laboratory. I may add that I know of a third case which occurred in one of the hospitals for the insane in this state. That the total number of cases observed is still small is shown also by the fact that Kahn 1 estimated that only sixty-one cases had been reported in 1914. The rareness of this condition would seem to be further emphasized by the fact that Symmers and Vance 2 (1918) found only three cases among 2,000 necropsies at Bellevue Hospital. It should be mentioned that Vance 3 (1916) verified ninety-eight references on myeloma, but that does not imply that the articles concerned the same number of cases. It is true that a


Successful spread of introducted alien plant species in new territories might occur due to following features: rapid growth and reproduction, ability to colonize disturbed habitats, short life cycle, early flowering and seeding, production of large quantities of seeds and vegetative propagules, different phenology from native species, diseaseand pest-resistance. Moreover, recently ecological significance of secondary metabolites in ecosystem interactions is approved. Thus, this study is aimed on research of allelochemicals phytotoxicity which is likely to be involved in the invasion success of the invasive species. Assessment of the total phenolics content (TPC) of both Heracleum spp. and its germination suppression of perennial ryegrass (monocots) and winter rapeseed (dicots) seed was done ex situ.


The Source Physics Experiment (SPE) will involve a series of explosions in various geologic and emplacement conditions to validate numerical simulation methods to predict behavior of seismic wave excitation and propagation for nuclear test monitoring. The first SPE's currently underway involve explosions in the Climax Stock (granitic geology) at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS). Detailed geologic data and published material properties for the major lithologic units of the NNSS and surrounding region were used to build three-dimensional models for seismic wave propagation simulations. The geologic structure near the SPE shot point is quite varied including granitic, carbonate, tuff and alluvium lithologies. We performed preliminary ground motion simulations for a near-source domain covering 8 km x 8 km at the surface centered on the shot point to investigate various source and propagation effects using WPP, LLNL's anelastic seismic wave finite difference code. Simulations indicate that variations in wave propagation properties of the sub-surface will generate strongly path-dependent response once the energy has left the relatively small granitic geology of the near-surface Climax Stock near the SPE shot point. Rough topography to the north and west of SPE shot point causes additional complexity in the signals including energy on the transverse components. Waves propagate much faster through the granitic and carbonate formations and slower through the tuff and alluvium. Synthetic seismograms for a pure explosion source in a 3D geologic structure show large amplitudes on transverse component. For paths to the south sampling the granite, tuff and alluvium lithologies transverse component amplitudes are as high as 50% of that on the vertical and radial components.


This paper discusses issues of finite word-length effects in the block floating-point radix-8 FFT processor and presents a novel static model based on statistical analysis.When the input signal is white noise,the error caused by radix-8 unit and weight operation shows that the noise signal ratio(NSR) is proportional to r =log8N without the quantization error of input signal and coefficents,where N is the length of FFT.The paper also gives the error trend with the frequency point and transform stages.The simulation result from SPEED platform has a good consistent with the finite word-length effects analysis results.Consequently this scheme has better value in practice.


The reaction of dimethylzinc on Si(100)‐2×1 was studied using temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS). Dimethylzinc dissociated on this surface at temperatures less than 400 K producing zinc metal and surface methyl groups. During TPD experiments the zinc metal desorbed completely by 600 K, leaving only methyl groups on the surface at higher temperatures. The predominate decomposition pathway for the surface methyl species was complete dehydrogenation producing molecular hydrogen and depositing carbon on the surface. HREELS results indicated that methyl group dehydrogenation occurred at temperatures greater than 700 K. For high initial coverages of dimethylzinc, in addition to complete dehydrogenation products, methyl radicals and acetylene were also detected. The hydrogen desorption temperature was found to increase as a function of the amount of carbon deposited on the surface.


! are the modified Rayleigh number, Ra Prandtl number, Pr and axis ratio, Ar. The Ra is considered up to lo7 , the Pr is considered up to 10 while the axis ratio is varied from 0.05 (almost flat plate) to 0.998 ( almost circular cylinder). Results are presented for the local and average Nusselt numbers and local and mean surface temperatures. The study revealed that as Rayleigh number andlor Prandtl number increase the average Nusselt number increases, resulting in a decrease in mean surface temperature. On the other end, the study showed that the effect of axis ratio on the average Nusselt number is not significant with only smaller decrease in average Nusselt number as the axis ratio i increases. 5


The realization of the harmonious development of population,resources,environment,economy and the society in rural areas is the common goal of the whole society.This thesis,based on the field research in Xuetuan Village,has generalized the Xuetuan village model,characterizing by the convergence of people and land,the intensification of resources,and the people-oriented pattern.This model is of high reference value to the construction of other less developed rural areas.


Graphene films grown on the copper foils using chemical vapor deposition have been emphasized in the previous scientific studies and technical applications because of the high quality/cost ratio. However, no enough attention has been paid to the fundamentally important issue on the stability of graphene/copper interface compared with quality of the grown graphene films, though the properties of graphene/metal interface largely affect the Ohmic contacts in graphene‐based electronics (e.g. high‐frequency graphene transistors). Here, we investigated the electronic structure of graphene/copper interface which has been stored in the ambient conditions for different periods. Raman and photoelectron spectroscopic data indicated that the oxygen species do not prefer to adsorb on the graphene surface but insert into the graphene/copper interface. This results in the p‐doping of graphene, formation of the surface positive dipole, and energy upshift of the graphene's Dirac point. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


How does human brain structure mature during adolescence? We used MRI to measure cortical thickness and intracortical myelination in 297 population volunteers aged 14 – 24 y old. We found and replicated that association cortical areas were thicker and less myelinated than primary cortical areas at the internal layer of projection Adolescent cortical myelination and shrinkage coupled with a dorsoventrally patterned gene expression profile enriched for synaptic, oligodendroglial- and schizophrenia-related genes. efficient and biologically expensive hubs of the anatomical network of shrinkage/myelination associated with overexpression of the same transcriptional profile as cortical consolidation. We that normative maturation involves a genetically patterned process of consoli- anatomical network hubs. We that developmental of this consolidation process be relevant both to normal cognitive and behavioral changes and the high incidence of schizophrenia during human brain


AbstractWe analyse oscillations observed in the X-ray lightcurve of the late-type star AT Mic. The oscillations oc-curred during flare maximum. We interpret these oscilla-tions as density perturbations in the flare loop. Applyingvarious models derived for the Sun, the loop length andthe magnetic field of the flare can be estimated. We finda period of 740 s, and that the models give similar results(within a factor of 2) for the loop length (∼ 5.4 10 10 cm)and the magnetic field (∼ 100 G). For the first time, anoscillation of a stellar X-ray flare has been observed andresults thus obtained for otherwise unobservable physicalparameters.Key words:Stars:coronae– Stars: flare– Stars:individual:AT Mic – Stars: late-type – Stars: magnetic fields – Stars:oscillations – X-rays: stars1. IntroductionOscillations in the solar corona have been observed formany years. Wavelength regimes ranging from hard X-rayright down to radio have been investigated to search forevidence of waves. Periods have been found ranging from0.02 to 1000 s. Table 1 in Aschwanden et al. (1999) pro-vides an excellent summary of the different periods thathave been found, and an explanation for their existence.Most of these waves have been explained by MHD oscil-lations in coronal loops. Roberts (2000) has provided anexcellent review of waves and oscillations in the corona.Many of the observations of waves have been deter-mined from variations in intensity brightness. Recently,however, a huge step forward has been achieved in solarcoronal physics due to the high spatial resolution avail-able with the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer(TRACE). The first spatial displacement oscillations havebeen observed in coronal loops (Aschwanden et al. 1999).It was suggested that these oscillations were triggered bya disturbance from the core flare site. Various MHD waveswere investigated and it was found that a fast kink modewave provides the best agreement with the observed pe-riod of 280±30s.One of the most exciting aspects of observing wavesin this fashion is that it potentially provides us with thecapability of determining the magnetic field in the corona.It is notoriously difficult to measure the magnetic field inthe corona. Techniques using the near-infrared emissionlines have been successful, but have poor spatial resolu-tion. Most frequently, indirect methods are used such asthe extrapolations of the coronal magnetic field from thephotospheric magnetic field that can be measured usingZeeman splitting. Nakariakov & Ofman (2001) made useof the flare-related spatial oscillations sometimes observedwhen a flare occurs, to determine the magnetic field. Theyassume that the oscillation is due to a global standing kinkwave, and hence the magnetic field is related to the periodof the oscillation, the density of the loop, and the length ofthe loop. In the case of Nakariakov & Ofman (2001) theyfound the magnetic field to be 13±9G. The errors on thisare large due to errors on the determination of density,loop length and period. Schrijver & Brown (2000) suggestthat the oscillations are due to a sudden displacement ofthe magnetic field at the surface which causes an oscilla-toryrelaxationofthe field. RecentworkbyNakariakov et al. (2004)suggests that the oscillations are second standing harmon-ics of acoustic waves tied to the loop length. The modelgives a relationship between the oscillation period, theloop length and the average plasma temperature, all ofwhich can be independently observed on the Sun.Waves are observed across the electromagnetic spec-trum on the Sun. However, observations on other stars arerare. One reason for this is that on the Sun, we have thespatial resolution to zoom in on small regions. For exam-ple, the transverse TRACE loops that have been observedare away from the main flare site, and hence have loweremission measure. Analysing an X-ray light-curve, for ex-ample, would be unlikely to provide evidence of waves ifthe emission was averaged over the whole Sun. Oscilla-tions have been observed for optical stellar flares (e.g.,Mathioudakis et al. 2003andMullan et al. 1992). Mathioudakis etfound a period of 220 s in the decay phase of a white-lightflare on the RS CVn binary II Peg. Using this they de-termine a magnetic field of 1200 G. Mullan et al. (1992)again found oscillations in X-ray active red dwarfs. Theycompared their observations to the possibility that theywere observing p-modes. On the Sun p-modes give rise to5-minute oscillations on the surface. They concluded thatp-modes could not produce the amplitudes they observed


Dear sir, Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an hereditary autosomal dominant disease that inevitably leads to colorectal cancer when prophylactic surgery is not performed [1]. As in the procedure initiated by Parks & Nicholls [2] in the late seventies, there is still a lack of follow-up. Only three cases [3–5] of cancer after proctocolectomy with ileoanal anastomosis for FAP have been previously reported.


We study road supply by competing firms between a single origin and destination. In previous studies, firms simultaneously set their tolls and capacities while taking the actions of the others as given in a Nash fashion. Then, under some widely used technical assumptions, firms set the same volume/capacity ratio as a public operator would and thus have the same amount of congestion and travel time. We find that this result does not hold if capacity and toll setting are separate stages—as then firms want to limit the competition in the toll stage by setting lower capacities—or when firms set capacities one after the other in a Stackelberg fashion—as then firms want to limit their competitors' capacities by setting higher capacities. In our Stackelberg competition, the firms that act last have few if any capacity decisions to influence. Hence, they are more concerned with the toll competition substage, and set a higher volume/capacity ratio than the public operator. The firms that act first care more about their competitors' capacities they can influence: they set a lower ratio and have the largest capacities. The average volume/capacity ratio is below the public ratio, and hence the average private travel time is too short. Still, in our numerical model, for three or more firms, welfare is higher under Stackelberg competition than under Nash competition, because of the larger Stackelberg capacity expansion and lower tolls.


In this paper, we proposed a new secure communication scheme using analog TSHVSM (tailed shift hyperchaotic volume‐preserving smooth‐function maps) model for generating the complicated hyperchaotic signals and implemented the chaotic signal generation circuit on the board level. The proposed TS‐HVSM model is consists of three dimensional discrete‐time simultaneous difference equations and shows uniquely random chaotic attractors using nonlinear maps and shift modulus function. In the secure communication system, two hyperchaotic signals are coupled and driven for accomplishing to the chaotic synchronization systems. And the encrypted masking signal which is added speech or digital signal to chaotic signal is transmitted to a subsystem as modulating signal in spread spectrum communications. It is demonstrated that proposed encryption system have shown good performance at the secure chaotic communication by numerical and experimental results.


This paper describes highly efficient and high-throughput microparticle separation using gradient traveling wave dielectrophoresis (TwDEP) with a multilayered microelectrode design. Although cell separation based on dielectrophoresis is a very useful and versatile method, its throughput is less than that of a commercially available magnetic activated cell sorter (MACS). Further, in TwDEP-based cell sorters, the microdevices must have a large area to achieve high-throughput separation. However, increasing the TwDEP device area, which is critical for achieving throughput, has limitations: the resistance of microelectrodes also increases. In this study, we have successfully developed a novel gradient TwDEP chip with an extremely large area (31 × 25 mm2) using a unique multilayered bus bar design. The proposed bus bar design, which divides four ac input signals into two groups (0° and 270° phases and 90° and 180° phases), makes it possible to maintain low resistance in microelectrodes for TwDEP despite the increase in the device area. In addition, a microelectrode track design with gradually increasing gaps from 10 to 40 µm between the electrodes was introduced; as a result, the TwDEP force and negative DEP force that balance the gravitational force decrease gradually along the microelectrode track. Finally, the microparticles could be trapped at specific locations depending on their physical properties. We demonstrated the feasibility of our suggestion using latex microparticles (3 µm, 6 µm, 10 µm and 20 µm) and showed the potential of high-throughput separation with the TwDEP technique.


Saliva cortisol response was investigated from the motorcycling exposure for approximately 50 minutes between low and high noise-sensitive (Weinstein Noise Sensitivity Scale) young riders (19-25 years). The results showed significant difference (p < 0.05) in salivary cortisol concentrations in High-Noise Sensitive group (n=27). Significant gender differences were found (p < 0.05) among the Low-Noise sensitive group (n=30), after ride. Cross-analysis between groups was significant (p < 0.05) for before ride cortisol levels of Low-Noise sensitive group. This study suggests that subjective noise sensitivity plays a vital role in increased cortisol level among noise sensitive riders.Keywords: Noise; Salivary cortisol; Noise sensitivity; Motorcycle.eISSN 2398-4279 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ajqol.v3i13.168


The invention relates to a component, preferably for covering floors, walls and ceilings, with a core layer (2, 7), wherein at least the core layer (2, 7) is formed of an a plastic material and a lignocellulose-containing material comprising a mixture and wherein the core layer (2, 7) on at least two of said opposed side edges (4, 4 ', 9, 13) have corresponding connecting elements (3, 3', 6, 11, 14). To be able to propose a simple component to be produced, it is provided that the connecting elements (3, 3 ', 6, 11, 14) in one piece with the core layer (2, 7) are injection molded.


Getting the books Exploring Leadership For College Students Who Want To Make A Difference Ebook now is not type of challenging means. You could not single-handedly going subsequently books gathering or library or borrowing from your friends to edit them. This is an definitely easy means to specifically get lead by on-line. This online declaration Exploring Leadership For College Students Who Want To Make A Difference Ebook can be one of the options to accompany you in the same way as having new time.


OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism of KCC1 regulates the invasion ability of endometrial cancer HEC-1B cells through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK) signaling pathway.METHODS:The expression of KCC1 and phosphorylated ERK1/2 proteins and invasion ability in the HEC-1B cells after pcDNA-KCC1 transfection were detected by western blot and cell invasion assay.After treatment with U0126,the quantity of p-ERK1/2 and the cell invasion ability were measured again.RESULTS:After pcDNA-KCC1 transfected to the HEC-1B cells,the expression of KCC1 and p-ERK1/2 increased dramatically(P0.05),and the number of cells penetrated filter membrane increased from 26.7±2.3 to 50.3±3.1(P0.05).In HEC-1B cells treated by pcDNA-KCC1 transfection,treatment of U0126 could inhibit phosphorylation of ERK1/2 protein(P0.05),and the number of cells penetrated filter membrane decreased from 50.3±3.1 to 30.8±5.9(P0.05).CONCLUSION:KCC1 gene may be participates in the invasion ability of HEC-1B cells through the ERK signaling pathway.


The preparation of osmium pentafluoride is described. Crystal of the solid are monoclinic, space group P21/c, a= 5·53, b= 9·91, c= 12·59 A, β= 99·5°. The structure was refined by three-dimensional least-squares methods, the final R being 0·106 for 642 independent reflections. The compound is isostructural with ruthenium pentafluoride. The structural unit is a tetramer with osmium atoms at the corners of a rhombus, non-linearly linked by bridging fluorine atoms. The fluorine atoms have been shown to form an approximately hexagonal closepacked lattice.


THE fundus of the stomach frequently casts an unusual shadow resembling a soft tissue tumor, when visualized in the supine position. The shadow appears as a dense ovoid, or well-rounded tumefaction, lying beneath the cusp of the diaphragm and adjacent to the eleventh and twelfth dorsal vertebrre. The configuration varies considerably with change in the level of the diaphragm and with alteration in the content of the fundus of the stomach. Figures 1, 2, and 3 are studies of three individual patients who showed this confusing shadow rather prominently. The finding was an incidental one in all three patients, in whom the examination was made for other purposes, namely, the urinary tract, lower costal structures, and the gastro-intestinal tract. In a fourth patient (Fig. 4), the gas-filled cardia was visualized in the prone position, and when studied in the supine position (Fig. 5) the cardia revealed itself as a similar solid shadow, as noted in Figures 1, 2, and 3. In order to corroborate this finding, the ...


Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDHs) are NAD(P)H‐dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) known for their exceptional stereo‐ and regioselectivity when acting on natural substrates, including neutral steroids, bile acids, and various steroid derivatives. Notably, in recent studies this specific subfamily of oxidoreductases has displayed intriguing substrate promiscuity, exhibiting the capacity to accommodate a diverse array of substrates, such as sterically hindered ketones and even α‐keto esters. Herein, we further explored the promiscuous nature of HSDHs by investigating their catalytic activity with representative 1,2‐diketones. This set encompasses symmetric aliphatic/aromatic diketones — namely, 3,4‐hexandione and benzil — as well as the asymmetric synthon 1‐phenyl‐1,2‐propanedione. In the case of 3,4‐hexandione, substrate conversion and selectivity closely resembled that previously observed with aliphatic α‐keto esters. On the contrary, a more heterogeneous behavior was observed in the case of aromatic substrates, with diverse performances in terms of conversions and stereo‐ or regioselectivity. Additionally, docking studies were carried out to get a deeper insight in the stereochemistry of 1,2‐diketones reduction catalyzed by the broad substrate scope and steroid‐active ketoreductase Is2‐SDR.


FIRST LET ME thank you for these magnificent momentoes you have given me, which will certainly remind me of you all. In addition to the skill and imagination displayed therein, I have been impressed by the literary skills exhibited today, particularly by our overseas colleagues. I regret that I am not responding in kind by verse or song, indeed I have a moderately serious paper which may not be altogether appropriate for this end-of-term occasion. It was King Charles II who apologised to his friends and colleagues for being an unconscionable time dying; I should likewise apologise for being an unconscionable time in retiring on more than one occasion over these last weeks. But Drs Bodin and Robinson have persuaded me to respond to the brilliant reviews of past progress we have heard today and I thought it would be better to talk about the future of our subject even though this may be considered presumptuous since I now have no further responsibility for the outcome of the work. Boris Kadomtsev should perhaps have reminded us of the undesirability of the cult ofthe personality: several of our achievements have today been quite wrongly credited to me instead of to others or to joint efforts by the Community.


The advantage of frequency-domain terahertz (THz) spectroscopy using frequency-tunable photomixers is a high spectral resolution, as high as 1 MHz when combined with fiber stretchers as previously reported. In this technique, however, data acquisition was sequentially made at each frequency, thus taking long acquisition time. To improve this drawback, a novel feedback-controlled rapid-scan technique was developed in this study. With this technique, we attained an acquisition rate of 18 points/s without degrading spectral resolution, which is more than two orders of magnitude faster than the previous rate.


The present paper deals with a mass transfer effect on MHD oscillatory flow for Carreau fluid through porous channel. The perturbation series was used in terms of the Weissenberg number () to solve the momentum equation. The effects of Peclet number, Grashof number, Darcy number and Hartmann number parameters on velocity and temperature has been discussed for variations in the governing parameters.


it was at onceo arranged that the volume should be included in the seiies known, under the editorship of Mr. Ogden, as the II istory of Civilization. The book appeared in 1926, anid has already achieved marked popularity and genieral suIecess. By it Cumston's name will undoubtedly be remiemnbered, and it is characteristic of the man. There have beeni, aiid are, many historians of medicine with greater technical equipment; there are others who are greater scholars, or who have made greater contributions to special depairtimients of historical knowledge; but Cumston's book is a wide and generous survey of the subject, made by a nmani who had practised long and successfully as physician and as surgeoin, and from whom niothing humani wais remonate or alien. In fact, just as it may be said that, one Df his most successful " occasional papers " was a. little essyl, written in Frei*h, concerninlg " notre sm1rpat1hique confrere Fran,.ois Rabelais," so there was much of Rabelais in C11nImston. Not that he was Rabelaisian in the sense in which the Englishman in the street uniderstanids thle term, but that, like Rabelais, an Hippocratic phyisician by niature anid by traiining, and, like him too, not witlhout experience in a speciality that reveals a great deal of whlat is weakest-and sometimes much of wvhat is stroingest-inI hluman nature, and with a wide knowledge of juen and things, he became a-great and kind-hearted obser-er and critic of life-imiipulsive and prejudiced, toleranit. an(d wivse, philosophical and genial, caustic and kind-lhearted,; anAd abov-e all sympathetic to everything but what is mean Paid despicable. And it is perhaps not altogether fanciful to trace some resemblance between two portraits nlow before the writer-one, a copy of the famous Genieva likeness of Rabelais; the other, a recenit crayoni drawing by a Genev-ese artist of " liotre sympathiqtte confrere," Chlarles Greene Cumston.


Data center networks provide critical bandwidth for the continuous growth of cloud computing, multimedia storage, data analysis and other businesses. The problem of low link bandwidth utilization in data center network is gradually addressed in more hot fields. However, the current scheduling strategies applied in data center network do not adapt to the real-time dynamic change of the traffic in the network. Thus, they fail to distribute resources due to the lack of intelligent management. In this paper, we present an improved adaptive traffic scheduling strategy utilizing the simulated annealing genetic algorithm (SAGA). Inspired by the idea of software defined network, when a flow arrives, our strategy changes the bandwidth demand dynamically to filter out the flow. Then, SAGA distributes the path for the flow by considering the scheduling of the different pods as well as the same pod. It is implemented through software defined network technology. Simulation results show that the bisection bandwidth of our strategy is higher than state-of-the-art mechanisms.


In this paper, an experiment of light bus SY6480 is carried out on a road according to the national criterion GB4970-85 called the testing method of automobile ride comfort with random input. The accelerations of seats, floor and axles are obtained. The result shows that the vertical accelerations of seat and floor increase with the increase in speed; and the vibration on the rough road is great than on the pavement road. Finally, an evaluation on the ride comfort of light bus SY6480 is conducted.


The excessive wastage of materials, improper management on site and low awareness of the need for waste reduction are common in the local construction sites in India. Today, in most European countries, it is economically feasible to recycle up to 80-90% of the total amount of construction waste and most demolition and recycling technologies are generally easy to implement and control (Lauritzen, 1998). Considering enormous increase in amount of waste generation owing to the growth in construction industry can lead to wastage of materials which has its economic value.Currently, existence of regional and national policies, laws and regulations governing reuse and recycle principles for C & D waste is minimal in India. Thus the paper aims to focus on the economic feasibility of waste minimisation of construction waste materials in terms of cost savings in India.


The inscription method of FBGs on large-mode-area double-clad fibers (LMA-DCFs) with phase mask technique was described. A pair of LMA FBGs was prepared and the center wavelengths of them were both around 1076nm with 3 dB bandwidths of about 0.5nm. The reflectivities of them are 99% and 10% in the fundamental mode, respectively. In order to be protected and to withstand high-power laser, the FBGs were metally packaged, and then applied to an Yb3+-doped LMA-DCF laser as the laser cavity. An output power of 314 W centered at 1075.71 nm with a slope efficiency of 60% was achieved.


Hot and dry weather in the European part of Russia during summer 2010 resulted from persistent high pressure area which blocked westerly flow, creating favourble conditions for severe wildfires. The fire-induced particulate matter concentrations were high during July and August, 2010. The SILAM model is used for simulating dispersion of the smoke aerosol for this case. SILAM output is compared to MACC IFS re-analysis. Moreover, comparison of model output to in situ and remote sensing measurements is performed, paying particular attention to August 7 – 9, when the plume reached Baltic countries and Finland. The model results are consistent with AOD observed by MODIS and in situ PM2.5 measured in six monitoring stations in Estonia. However, SILAM tends to underestimate the AOD in respect to MACC IFS re-analysis. The further aim of this study is online coupled modelling based of SILAM and NWP model HARMONIE. Aimed at validation of the HARMONIE aerosol and radiation schemes, the MACC IFS re-analysis aerosol output was applied. The modelling results show significant reduction of shortwave radiation fluxes and thus, surface temperature.


Mass media advertising is an important component of the drink-driving countermeasure program in New South Wales. Campaign objectives and target groups are based on analysis of crash statistics and market research on drivers. Advertising research includes pre-testing of draft material, using group discussion to ensure that the intended messages are being communicated and that the objectives of the advertising are being met. A semi-quantitative research method incorporating individual interview has also been used on completed advertisements to assess communicative effectiveness of the final product. Subjects for the research are selected from the target group for the campaign, using a screening questionnaire developed from survey research. A range of drink-driving themes has been addressed in advertising, including graphic depictions of crashes and consequences. Research results are discussed in terms of the relevance of different themes to different target groups; and the positive and negative aspects of different styles of presentation. (a) For the record of the covering entry of this conference, please see IRRD abstract no 868581.


Ausonius's Epigram 20, addressed to his wife, opens with a declaration of allegiance to the Latin erotic tradition (uxor, vivamus recalls the opening of Catullus 5 (vivamus, mea Lesbia), and goes on to incorporate verbal and thematic reminiscences from love elegy. At the same time, it departs radically from the most basic premise of that tradition, since the addressee of a Latin amatory poem is presumptively not the speaker's own spouse. Thus, within its brief compass, the poem succeeds in reorienting the language of Latin amatory poetry by appropriating its specially coded vocabulary for a matrimonial context.


This study explores an interlingual re-instantiation of attitude as a language appraisal strategy employed by Indonesia's newspapers in reporting news on attacking incidents. The study aims, firstly, to reveal the types of attitude system employed by Indonesia's newspapers in reporting news on attacking incidents and, secondly, to investigate the potential meanings constructed by the re-instantiation of the attitude system. This study follows interpretative descriptive approach to data collection and analysis. The data were taken from Pikiran Rakyat and The Jakarta Post to give an equal representation of Indonesia's newspapers and analyzed with reference to Martin and White's, Appraisal System focusing on attitude sub-system. The analysis reveals that three sub-systems of attitude (affect, judgment, and appreciation) are employed to deliver positive and negative assessments to different addressees. This strategy is combined with certain organizations of discourse to amplify the intensity of the message that results in modified interpretation and potential meanings from the readers. This approach also works as a tool of stance-taking for the news reporters in viewing the attacking incidents. It is concluded that Indonesia's newspapers employ evaluations towards attacking incidents to modify meanings as their politics of reporting. Keywords—attacking incidents; appraisal system; attitude; reinstantiation


The turbidimetrically obtained curves of ADP-induced platelet aggregation in plateletrich plasma at 37° C. can be mathematically characterized by a logarithmically normal frequency distribution suggesting that the phase of aggregation and the subsequent disaggregation are governed by the same mechanism. Every curve can be described with reference to three parameters, viz.: the maximum change in optical density (ODmax), the time at which this occurs (tmax and the standard deviation of the logarithms of the time variable (s).

Aggregation curves of 21 normal subjects, 17 uraemic patients and 11 patients with Von Willebrands disease were studied.

Parameter ODmax although dependent on the platelet concentration was significantly diminished in a proportion of the uraemic patients.

Neither group of patients differed significantly from the normals in parameter tmax. A significant number of uraemic patients and Von Willebrand patients showed lower s values than those found in normal subjects. The abnormality thus indicated entails abnormally rapid disaggregation.

The new parameter (s) proved to be a better reproducible and more sensitive measure of the aggregation process than the hitherto usual parameters ODmax and tmax.


Abstract : Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are now under going the most significant change in control technology in the past 100 years. This change is the introduction of direct digital control (DDC) to HVAC systems. Computer control has been introduced to many things over the past few years, from automobile engines to home appliances to most industrial processes, but only recently have small computer control systems been introduced into the space conditioning industry. To understand the implications of this new HVAC control technology, it is necessary to consider several questions: What is DDC and what are its capabilities? Under what conditions is DDC a cost effective alternative to conventional control? What constitutes good system design and installation practice? This report addresses these questions by presenting information which describes DDC, presents its advantages and disadvantages, and gives applications guidance. Direct digital control uses a programmable digital computer to process information for the purpose of determining the correct control action. The input information for the computer comes from analog sensors (such as temperature sensors) and digital sensors (such as switches). This information is used as variable data in a predetermined set of instructions called the control program.


Discrete dislocation plasticity was used to analyse plane-strain indentation of a single-crystal elastic–plastic semi-infinite medium by a rigid surface exhibiting multi-scale roughness, characterised by self-affine (fractal) behaviour. Constitutive rules of dislocation emission, glide and annihilation were used to model short-range dislocation interactions. Dislocation multiplication and the development of subsurface shear stresses due to asperity microcontacts forming between a single-crystal medium and a rough surface were examined in terms of surface roughness and topography (fractal) parameters, slip-plane direction and spacing, dislocation source density, and contact load (surface interference). The effect of multi-scale interactions between asperity microcontacts on plasticity is elucidated in light of results showing the evolution of dislocation structures. Numerical solutions yield insight into plastic flow of crystalline materials in normal contact with surfaces exhibiting multi-scale roughness.


Introduction Difficulties in mentalizing (i.e., the ability to reflect on self and others' internal mental states, operationalized as reflective functioning [RF]; Fonagy et al., 2012) have been associated with psychological symptoms (Luyten et al., 2020), including somatic symptoms (Bizzi et al., 2019). Therefore, the assessment of its dimensions may be clinically relevant for young patients with somatic symptoms, as with Primary Headache (PH), representing one of the most common somatic complaints in children and adolescents. Objectives This study aimed to assess RF with a multi-method approach, exploring its relation with somatic symptoms. Methods 48 adolescents diagnosed with PH (Mage=14.83, SD=2.81; 67% females) were recruited from an Italian Child Neuropsychiatry Clinic. RF was measured both through the Child and Adolescent Reflective Functioning (CRFS) applied to the Child Attachment Interview transcripts and the self-report Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ), while the Children's Somatization Inventory (CSI-24) was used to measure the perceived severity of somatic symptoms. Results Different relations with somatic symptoms depended on the method used to evaluate RF: no significant correlations were found with the CRFS subscales (General, Other, Self ), while a negative significant correlation was found with the RFQ subscale Certainty about mental states (RFQ_C) (r=-.46, p=.016). All subscales of CRFS were negatively correlated with RFQ_C (p=.05), but not with the other RFQ subscale (Uncertainty about mental states; RFQ_U). Conclusions This suggests that two measures may lead to different dimensions of the same construct, thus a multi-method assessment of RF would be advisable in clinical practice. Disclosure No significant relationships.


The current research is inserted in the quarrel of gender and income in the Brazilian reality. The main objective of this work was to have a previous scenario of how factors such: marital status, age, and education affect the income of both genders (masculine and feminine) in each Brazilian State (UF). Expanding the comprehension of the gender subject within the context of inequalities among regions can be understood as a second goal. In order to achieve the targets proposed, this article used data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) of 2010 and multiple linear regressions. Followed by its statistical validations and discussions about the limitations of the model. For the year studied the gender inequality between education, income, and age was verified. The results are in agreement the previous quarrel within the same area and highlighted the impact of marital state in inequality.


Objective To discuss and evaluate the role of risk management in the drugs management of obstetric care.Methods Drug adverse events and drug hazard events and its causes in the drugs management of obstetric care before and after risk management was brought in from January 2010 to December 2013 were compared and analyzed by retrospective analysis. Results Through the introduction of risk management for obstetric care, medication adverse events decreased from 4.67% before the implementation of risk management to 1.33%; medication risks decreased from17.33% to 3.00%. Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the nursing safe medication management and risk awareness, strengthen safety prevention and management intervention, strengthen the patient's medication safety education.


Proposal from NHS Rotherham on improving partnership working to address health inequalities in Rotherham. This document was used at the Public Health England transition event held in Leeds on 27 October 2011.


This paper summarizes the current 12 national or professional standards on tea safety in China, discusses the problems about these standards and puts forward some suggestions.


We report a new measurement o f R b using data obtained during the 1996 SLD run. This measurement uses a double tag technique, where the selection of a b hemisphere is based on the reconstructed mass of the B hadron decay v ertex. The method utilizes the 3D vertexing capabilities of SLD's new CCD vertex detector and the small and stable SLC beams to obtain a high b tagging eeciency and purity of 47:9% and 97:6%, respectively. We obtain a preliminary result of R b


Multilayer composite structures have been widely used in industrial manufacturing, and nondestructive testing of these multilayer structures is to ensure their reliable quality and performance. Currently, ultrasonic total focusing method (TFM) imaging using full-matrix capture (FMC) technology has been proven to sense small defects in a single homogeneous medium and improve the imaging signal-to-noise ratio. However, these algorithms cannot be accurately applied to imaging of multilayer composite structures, due to the acoustic impedance variation and because reflection and refraction occur at the interface between the layers, which makes it very difficult to calculate the ultrasonic propagation path and time. To solve this problem, a root-mean-square (RMS) velocity algorithm for total focusing imaging of multilayer structures is proposed in the article. Based on the theory of RMS velocity for processing of seismic data, the approximated delays can be easily and quickly calculated by a hyperbolic time-distance relationship under circumstances of short lateral distance and horizontal layers. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by total focusing imaging of a two-layer medium with drilled holes and conducted by the finite element simulation. To further improve imaging efficiency, the partial data in the full-matrix data were used for imaging which is the simplified matrix focusing method (SFM). The results verify that the proposed methods are capable of total focusing imaging of two-layered structures. However, the imaging performance and efficiency of these algorithms are different.


HPLC Separation of Various α-Substituted γ-Lactones and 1,3-Dioxolan-4-ones on ChiraSpher

Various α-substituted 1,3-dioxolan-4-ones and α-substituted γ-lactones are resolved by analytical HPLC on the chiral phase ChiraSpher®, the enhanced range of application of which should be useful for the separation of similar compounds.


This article describes the methods used by the Treasury and other government departments for making forecasts of the public finances. A highly detailed approach is required because of the Treasury's budgetary role, but the aggregated results are subjected to careful 'top-down' checks. Forecasts have a necessary role in fiscal policy. But they are subject to large margins of error, and should be presented and used with caution.


Our green tea is produced mainly in the hand processing, and the flavor and aroma of tea are excellent, which can be a standard for differentiation in blending. First of all, tea in Boseong is distinguished from other tea producing countries because of the geographical and environmental factors char...


Taking Brownian motion absorded at the origin and reflected Brownian motion of the infinitesimal generator as the basis,using the theory of excursion,come,for any drift coefficient d,existing diffusion process,and for arbitrary f G C_0~2((0,∞)),The infinitesimal generator of / is(1/2)f"(x).


Unprecedented outbreaks of the H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus raise concern Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIv) have recently been detected on the East coast of Canada (December 2021) and the United States (January 2022) and have been found in both wild birds and poultry (1). This comes after the same strain (known as H5N1) swept through Asia, Africa, and Europe in late 2021, replacing the previous HPAIv and causing widespread outbreaks and millions of deaths in poultry and wild birds. These HPAIv are of concern not only to birds but also to humans because they pose a potential pandemic risk. How has this virus emerged and spread so rapidly, and what does it mean for poultry, wild birds, and humans? Description


ABSTRACT The susceptibility of most Bacillus anthracis strains to β-lactam antibiotics is intriguing considering that the closely related species Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis typically produce β-lactamases and the B. anthracis genome harbors two β-lactamase genes, bla1 and bla2. We show that β-lactamase activity associated with B. anthracis is affected by two genes, sigP (BA2502) and rsiP (BA2503), predicted to encode an extracytoplasmic function sigma factor and an anti-sigma factor, respectively. Deletion of the sigP-rsiP locus abolished β-lactamase activity in a naturally occurring penicillin-resistant strain and had no effect on β-lactamase activity in a prototypical penicillin-susceptible strain. Complementation with sigP and rsiP from the penicillin-resistant strain, but not with sigP and rsiP from the penicillin-susceptible strain, conferred constitutive β-lactamase activity in both mutants. These results are attributed to a nucleotide deletion near the 5′ end of rsiP in the penicillin-resistant strain that is predicted to result in a nonfunctional protein. B. cereus and B. thuringiensis sigP and rsiP homologues are required for inducible penicillin resistance in these species. Expression of the B. cereus or B. thuringiensis sigP and rsiP genes in a B. anthracis sigP-rsiP-null mutant confers inducible production of β-lactamase activity, suggesting that while B. anthracis contains the genes necessary for sensing β-lactam antibiotics, the B. anthracis sigP and rsiP gene products are not sufficient for bla induction.


Since risky positions in multivariate portfolios can be offset by various choices of capital requirements that depend on the exchange rules and related transaction costs, it is natural to assume that the risk measures of random vectors are set‐valued. Furthermore, it is reasonable to include the exchange rules in the argument of the risk measure and so consider risk measures of set‐valued portfolios. This situation includes the classical Kabanov's transaction costs model, where the set‐valued portfolio is given by the sum of a random vector and an exchange cone, but also a number of further cases of additional liquidity constraints. We suggest a definition of the risk measure based on calling a set‐valued portfolio acceptable if it possesses a selection with all individually acceptable marginals. The obtained selection risk measure is coherent (or convex), law invariant, and has values being upper convex closed sets. We describe the dual representation of the selection risk measure and suggest efficient ways of approximating it from below and from above. In the case of Kabanov's exchange cone model, it is shown how the selection risk measure relates to the set‐valued risk measures considered by Kulikov (2008, Theory Probab. Appl. 52, 614–635), Hamel and Heyde (2010, SIAM J. Financ. Math. 1, 66–95), and Hamel, Heyde, and Rudloff (2013, Math. Financ. Econ. 5, 1–28).


Elliptic differential equation is an important sort of partial differential equations ,which is widely applied.lts main research task is to discuss the existence,uniqueness and asymptotic behavior of the solution. This paper constructs the alternative theorem of a class of elliptic operators. Using this theorem, we prove this class of elliptic equations has only one solution in space.


Soil properties checks and classification are an important part of any engineering project as they directly affect buildings as well as agriculture and others. The research aims to create an integrated database for soil properties in the study area, which is the western side of the city of Kut, to know its relationship to groundwater in the region. Laboratory tests were conducted for five soil samples from the Bar Drilling sites to monitor the movement of groundwater in the area. Soil samples were taken when drilling and upon reaching the groundwater level, which was approximately 6 meters sieve analysis, hydrometer, specific gravity, and hydraulic conductivity were also conducted, as well as the content of chlorides and sulfates in the soil was calculated.  For classifying testure of the soil, the triangle of US agriculture department was utilized, soil can be divided into groups by this triangle based on clay, silt and sand proportion.  Results of examination of soil texture  showed that the soil in the first was Clay loam and the second point was Silty Clay loam and in the third point, it was sandy clay loam, while in the fourth point it was silty clay loam and it was in the fifth point silt loam As shown in Table 1. The specific gravity was measured in the field, and the lowest value was 2.65 in the third well, while the highest value was 2.70 in the fifth well. The hydraulic conductivity of the five well points was calculated and was close to each other and considered as an average value of hydraulic conductivity equal to 0.013522. The content of chlorides and sulfates in the soil was calculated due to its importance in knowing the chemical properties. The results showed that the value of the chlorides ranged between (0.154 - 1.72) %, while the values of the sulfate content in the soil ranged between (0.930 - 3.11) %.


Cost optimality and nearly-zero energy buildings are two fundamental concepts within the current European Union policy related to the energy performance of buildings and consequently related to climate change mitigation and non-renewable resources consumption. While cost optimality is mainly focused on costs, nearly-zero energy buildings are focused on low energy consumption levels and on-site renewables harvesting.Using a residential building from a social housing neighbourhood, this study investigates the most cost-effective packages of renovation measures to achieve a zero energy balance building and compares these packages with those resulting from the calculation of cost-optimal levels. The investigation on the trade-offs between both approaches is relevant to achieve a smooth transition from cost-optimal levels to nearly-zero energy buildings.The results show that the measures that lead to the cost-optimal levels are very similar to the ones needed to achieve the zero energy balance and the results ...


The distorting effects of oil price shocks on oil rich economies are also significant depending on the level of their vulnerability to external shocks. The paper assesses the impact of these shocks on macroeconomic variablesStructural VAR AnalysisThe results show that oil prices have considerable impact on output, inflation, money supply and exchange rate


In classical energy detection-based spectrum sensing, primary subbands are classified into either vacant or occupied according to the measured energy over a specific subband. Then, cognitive radio (CR) signal transmission is performed over subbands labeled as vacant. As an alternative methodology, here, we first exploit our recently-proposed probabilistic spectrum access approach, where a probability is assigned to the availability of each primary subband for opportunistic access of CR devices, by using a specific function of the measured energy over that subband. Second, based on the probabilistic spectrum access approach, we perform joint spectrum sensing and power allocation in a multiband CR scenario. The considered optimization problem is formulated with the aim of maximizing the average opportunistic CR data rate under interference and power budget constraints. The formulated optimization problem is converted into a convex problem and then, the optimal spectrum access function is derived. Finally, we provide several numerical results to confirm the superiority of the proposed spectrum sensing methodology over classical energy detection, in terms of average achievable CR data rates.


Autonomous systems for satellites planning usually utilize a knowledge base to generate flight operations plans. This knowledge base contains information that can be obtained via contributions from several experts. In a satellite control system, the knowledge base includes information about: components of the satellite, environment where the satellite operates, actions that the satellite can execute, and the effects of these actions. In planning, it is expected that the scheduling of routine actions is executed so that the satellite is operated in the best possible way. Satellite operations planning may benefit from simulators built specifically to simulate operational actions and situations before execution. This ensures that errors in planning are detected and corrected, preventing onboard failures. The objective of this paper is to show the strategies that are being applied at INPE (Brazilian National Institute for Space Research) for implementation of an automated planning system for future missions. These strategies range from the creation of a knowledge base for storage the history of all flight operations plans, up to the creation of a simulator to validate these plans, so that the satellites health is not compromised.


In this paper, we report a passive harmonic mode-locking of an Yb-doped fiber laser operating both in normal an anomalous dispersion regime. The fiber laser setup is a stretched-pulse Yb-doped double-clad fiber ring cavity. The laser output obtained from the zeroth diffraction order of the first grating can be adjusted by rotation of a simple half wave plate. The repetition rate is thus 102 MHz. The supermodes suppression is more than 60 dB. After extra-cavity compression the pulse duration is reduced to about 120 fs. Pulse energy is about 1.7 nJ


The invention mobile IP (Mobile IP) in the environment, the mobile station (Mobile Node) to the home agent relates to a mobile IP network system according to the method and the method for registering the (home agent), mobile IP according to an embodiment of the present invention the mobile station registration method in accordance with the environment the mobile station is currently own the step (a) with the mobile station to collect the care-of address information of the destination agent that belongs to the subnet neighboring the first subnet is neighboring in the first subnet that belong (b) the step of broadcasting the message to go to the second subnet, including the collected care-of address information, to the destination agent belonging to the second subnet, receiving the broadcast message to extract a care-of address information (c) phase and the extracted care-of address information belongs to a second subnet, Destination if the agent is equal to the assigned care-of address information, (d) registering the mobile station in the home agent to the destination agent belonging to the second subnet, transmitting the extracted care-of address information to the home agent of the mobile station and a step. The mobile station (Mobile Node), mobile IP (Mobile IP), the home agent (home agent), destination agent (foreign agent)


Significance Electronic phase separation (EPS) is one of the most intriguing properties in complex materials. Great efforts have been made to understand or manipulate EPS, but how these phases are created and grow during percolation, let alone artificial control/fabrication of these phases, is still mysterious. In this work, we use a conceptual approach, i.e., fabricating antidots in manganites, and use their ferromagnetic metallic edge states to control the nucleation and growth of EPS domains. Consequently, we are able to tune the physical properties of the system without using external fields or changing doping concentration. The interesting transport and magnetic properties in manganites depend sensitively on the nucleation and growth of electronic phase-separated domains. By fabricating antidot arrays in La0.325Pr0.3Ca0.375MnO3 (LPCMO) epitaxial thin films, we create ordered arrays of micrometer-sized ferromagnetic metallic (FMM) rings in the LPCMO films that lead to dramatically increased metal–insulator transition temperatures and reduced resistances. The FMM rings emerge from the edges of the antidots where the lattice symmetry is broken. Based on our Monte Carlo simulation, these FMM rings assist the nucleation and growth of FMM phase domains increasing the metal–insulator transition with decreasing temperature or increasing magnetic field. This study points to a way in which electronic phase separation in manganites can be artificially controlled without changing chemical composition or applying external field.


It should be the endeavor of every surgeon to perfect his technique so that each step of an operation is done simply, efficiently, and purposefully. In other words, every move should produce a definitely planned result. There should be no "puttering," no hesitation, no useless motions. And yet, he should not get into the habit, as many have, of doing a stereotyped operation. Each case calls for individual study. Before a surgeon begins an operation, he should see that he has the proper instruments ready and that all cutting edges are sharp. For many years I have given demonstrations on the care of instruments, and I have found that anyone who learns to use an instrument can learn to sharpen it. Curettes, chisels, knives, and scissors can be made shipshape in a few minutes (Fig. 1 A , B , C , and D ). As I watched other men work and especially during


This article is a review of Levy processes, stochastic integration and existence results for stochastic differential equations and stochastic partial differential equations driven by Levy noise. An abstract PDE of the typical type encountered in fluid mechanics is considered in a stochastic setting driven by a general Levy noise. Existence and uniqueness of a local pathwise solution is established as a demonstration of general techniques in the area.


Graft copolymerization of methylacrynitrile monomer onto bleached sulfonated jute-cotton blended fabric was carried out in an aqueous medium using potassium permanganate as an initiator under the catalytic influence of sulfuric acid in a nitrogen atmosphere. The effect of concentrations of monomer, permanganate, sulfuric acid, reaction time, and reaction temperature on the percent graft yield was studied. The polymerization reaction was studied with the respect of graft yield and graft efficiency. Optimization of various parameter of grafting viz time, temp., monomer, initiator and sulfuric acid concentration was carried out. As evidence of polymer grafting, some instrumental analyses, such as thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffractometry were carried out. Grafting improved the thermal stability, protected from photo-oxidative degradation, affected dyeability, and had a positive impact on color fastness.


In December 1976, with an August 1977 deadline, I was asked to do something very hard-to give fellow president-watchers useful information that would "up-date our lecture notes" on the institutional presidency, carrying forward from Ford to Carter, from Republicans to Democrats, an outline of Executive Office organization, White House included. What made this task hard was the qualification useful. The ostensible staffing pattern of a new regime in its seventh month (when this analysis was due) is an uncertain guide for the years to follow, especially when viewed from the outside. The Truman pattern of late 1945-more crazy-quilt than patterngave no hint to outsiders (or insiders for that matter) of the stabilized relationships to come, built up by personalities not yet in place, among others, Clark Clifford and James Webb. The Nixon pattern of mid-1969 had seeming "openness," even competitiveness in domestic policy. Daniel Patrick Moynihan balanced Arthur Burns, while Henry Kissinger struggled for acceptance by the Nixon loyalists, a struggle then in doubt. At that point Bryce Harlow, the congressional liaison man from Eisenhower's time, had far higher status in the new regime than, say, John Ehrlichman. But six months later Haldeman and Ehrlichman were "in," Kissinger entrenched, the others gone or going. Therefore in August 1977 one cannot write with confidence of Hamilton Jordan and company, to say nothing of Bertram Lance!


A
thesis submitted in total fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy to the Discipline of Podiatry, School of Allied Health,
Human Services and Sport, College of Science Health and Engineering, La Trobe
University, Victoria, Australia.


"Out of Zebulun they that handle the pen of the writer" (Judges V, 14) Gleanings From the Commonplace Book of a Medical Reader During the course of this year we have been celebrating the 400th anniversary of the birth of William Shakespeare who, according to tradition, was born at Stratford-upon-Avon, the Warwickshire market-town, on April 23, 1564. These celebrations have involved most of the world, for they commemorate the birth of a genius who belongs not merely to Britain but to humanity. It is fitting, therefore, that some mention of the occasion should be made in the pages of a journal of medicine. Leslie Stephen once wrote that there ought to be a rule "that no one should write about Shakespeare without a special license." "Only heaven-born critics or thorough antiquaries alone," he adds, "should add to the pile under which his 'honored bones' are but too effectively hidden." We


Abstract This triennial report from Comm. 14 covers the topics Atomic Spectra and Wave-length Standards, Atomic Transition Probabilities, Collision Processes, and Line Broadening.


The fermentation conditions of alkaline protease with high deamidation activity by B.licheniformis 2709 were studied.Using the degree of deamidation and amide hydrolysis of soybean by the alkaline protease as indicators,the condition of enzyme production was optimized,and the basic enzyme properties of the alkaline protease were also studied.It was determined that the optimal carbon source and nitrogen source was corn meal and soybean meal powder,respectively,the maximum degree of deamidation could be obtained when the ratio of carbon to nitrogen at the range of 1∶2 to 1∶1.The optimal fermentation conditions were as follows:culture age 18h,inoculation 2%,medium volume 30mL/100mL,rotation speed 140r/min,pH 7.0,35℃,fermentation time 50h.The optimal conditions of alkaline protease were as follows:pH 10.0,50℃.After incubation at 60℃ for 2h,the residual activity of the enzyme was only 5.9%,and the enzyme was relatively stable at pH 8~11.


With each new ICT emerging in the developed world, new hope arises as to how it can transform the fortunes of the poor in developing countries. Currently, with their small size, relative ease of deployment, relative low cost and easy usability, mobile phones have become the latest champions of poverty reduction. This research project investigated uses of mobile phones by subscribers in Ghana, and concludes that the link between ICTs and poverty reduction can be found in how poor people use communication technologies to connect to those resources they consider useful in their daily activities. Mobile phones play an important role in helping people gain some level of economic and social sustainability in their livelihoods, this role being largely that of connectivity and accessibility to others, which provides users with a sense of well being, the ability to take advantage of opportunities when they arise, and a lifeline to help in times of special need. On the other hand, direct use of the mobile phone for income generation, such as providing payphone services, is a tenuous proposition for poor people because as micro-entrepreneurs they are vulnerable to shocks from changes taking place in the volatile ICT industry. Introduction: ICTs and Poverty Reduction Despite the close linking of information and communication technologies with socio-economic development in general and poverty reduction in particular, the basis for this association remains unclear. Projects continue to reveal much about the potential of ICTs to improve poor people's lives, but little about how this potential can be translated into widespread reality. Examinations of the use of ICTs in poverty reduction programs (generally referred to as ICT for Development – ICT4D) have recorded a range of benefits that can accrue to users of these technologies – e.g., income generation, savings in


This work presents affinities existing between the phenomenological view of schizophrenia and recent cognitive research on this disorder. We postulate that the core abnormality in schizophrenia is a particular kind of disturbance of the sense of self, which has two main aspects, an enhanced sense of awareness or hyperreflexivity, and diminished self-affection. Noticeable parallels are shown between "hyperreflexivity" and some cognitive models and research that concentrate on attentional processes in schizophrenia patients. It is also argued that "diminished self-affection" may be related to certain factors recently dealt with in cognitive research, such as "beliefs about superstition and responsibility related to one's own thoughts" and "dissociation." Furthermore, certain points which, in our opinion, could be of mutual enrichment to both viewpoints are briefly analyzed. Finally, several limitations and problems that such mutual sharing may have are also described, and some possible lines of future research are suggested.