In the spring of 2015, a man fishing with his daughters saw what he thought was a crab floating in the water. The man decided to reel in the seemingly innocuous object, but what he discovered convinced him to immediately call the police. The crab turned out to be a human body--and the corpse was missing its head. The body was discovered in the waters of South Padre Island, a barrier island off the coast of the southern tip of Texas. If this body had been found in any other part of the United States, a boating accident would probably have been the detectives' first guess as to the cause of death. This body, however, was found in the waters along the US-Mexico border, where the detectives are all too familiar with the ways of the Mexican drug cartel, which they immediately suspected of the murder and decapitation of the victim. The county sheriff, Omar Lucio, summarized it best: "Mexican drug cartel payback often comes at the end of a fine, sharp cutting instrument." Authorities later discovered that the victim was an employee of a tire shop in Edinburg, Texas, a border city an hour away from the island. They eventually realized that the tire shop had ties to the large Mexican Gulf Cartel and was a front for drug trafficking. The victim was about to disclose information about the operation to the authorities, but was murdered before he had the chance, and his head was sent to Mexico to prove that the execution had been completed. The police arrested the three tire shop owners, who happened to be brothers; all of them were indicted for murder, plead not guilty, and now face a future trial by jury. So far, this has been a story of drug trafficking and cartel violence along the border--a story that many politicians, law enforcement officers, and local media are all too familiar with. Yet this case is different from the typical stories of cartel shootings or drug busts because it draws attention to a border issue that is often neglected. It turns out that one of the three brothers indicted for the murder, Joel Luna, was a US Border Patrol agent--an employee of the suborganization of the Department of Homeland Security that protects and secures the US border. This story that began with the mystery of a decapitated body is actually an example of the corruption that occurs on both sides of the border among the very people that have sworn to protect it. Corruption on the Mexican Side of the Border In Mexico, corruption within police departments is widespread, and is often blatant and unconcealed. In fact, according to the Global Corruption Barometer, published by the NGO Transparency International, Mexican citizens see the police as the most corrupt institution in the country. Police officers are especially susceptible to bribery by drug cartels and other organized crime groups; in some places, the local police are just another enforcement arm of the cartel, carrying out kidnappings and murders on behalf of the organizations. According to VICE News, "municipal agents in the city of Iguala, Guerrero, attacked and then abducted 43 students in September 2014" before turning them over to the drug cartel. The same article even cites cases of local police kidnapping and threatening federal police officials that had been sent to investigate these abductions. One resident of Reynosa, Mexico has stated that when he is stopped by an unidentified truck at night far from the city, he hopes that it is a cartel member stopping him and not the police. "A cartel member," he said, "often just wants to see what you are doing to make sure you aren't a member of a rival cartel. The police, however, could demand a bribe or worse." At the border on the Mexican side, the customs and border security officials comprise the corrupted. According to the GAN Business Anti-Corruption Portal's "Mexican Corruption Report," published by GAN Integrity, a Danish IT and security firm, burdensome and complicated import procedures, forms, and tariffs mean that those transporting legal products across the border often find it easier to simply bribe customs officials. …


This study investigates the concentration sudden rise in fine particle according to resuspended dust from paved roads after sudden heavy rain in Busan on August 25, 2015. The localized torrential rainfall in Busan area occurred as tropical airmass flow from the south and polar airmass flow from north merged. Orographic effect of Mt. Geumjeong enforced rainfall and it amounted to maximum 80 mm/hr at Dongrae and Geumjeong region in Busan. This heavy rain induced flood and landslide in Busan and the nearby areas. The sudden heavy rain moved soil and gravel from mountainous region, which deposited on paved roads and near roadside. These matters on road suspended by an automobile transit, and increased fine particle concentration of air. In addition outdoor fine particle of high concentration flowed in indoor by shoes, cloths and air circulation.


Commodity prices are known to be volatile in general. The volatility of the commodity prices brings up challenges for the producers that use such commodities in their production. One challenge is to determine what prices companies will pay via different hedging strategies for the needed commodities over the production period. This paper presents a systems dynamics model that incorporates various dynamics for commodity market. This model is then used for developing an algorithm to simulate hedging strategies. How the system dynamics model along with the hedging simulation algorithm can help the producers with their hedging decisions is discussed.


The aim of the present study was to formulate olanzapine fast dissolving tablets (FDT). Olanzapine is a poorly water soluble drug that undergoes first pass metabolism in liver resulted in low oral bioavailability. The water solubility is enhanced by formation of co-amorphous dispersion by solvent evaporation under vacuum method using a polycarboxylic acid (ascorbic acid) as a coformer in two different molar ratios (1:1 and 1:2). The prepared systems were evaluated using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), Fourier Transform Infra-Red analysis (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and saturated solubility. The co-amorphous dispersion system in a molar ratio 1:2 is higher in solubility than 1:1, so it was selected for incorporation into FDT formulation. Compatability study between olanzapine and different tablet excipients including DSC and FTIR showed that the drug is compatible with the selected tablet excipients. Direct compression method was used in FDT formulations using different types and concentrations of superdisintegrants. FDTs were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, friability, wetting time, drug content uniformity, invitro disintegration time and invitro dissolution study. All the prepared FDTs were complied with the compendia standards. F3 and F8 showed lower disintegration time and higher percent of drug dissolved, so they were selected for stability study. After storage for 3 months at 30oC at 65% relative humidity, both formulations were physically stable regarding color and integrity and had only minor increases in disintegration time, drug content and friability after three months' storage. The results indicate that olanzapine FDT tablets may serve as a successful strategy for enhancing the bioavailability of olanzapine.


PURPOSE: To provide a charge-mollified hydrophobic membrane material which has a coating containing fixed formal positive charged groups, by dissolving a charge-modifying agent, which consists of a specified organic polymer, in an alkali aqueous solution of an organic solvent, bringing the formed solution into contact with a hydrophobic material substrate to coat the substrate, and curing thereof. CONSTITUTION: A charge modifying agent, which consists of an organic polymer having a polymer containing a fixed formed positive charge groups and halohydrin groups, and a molecular weight of 1000 or more (e.g. polyamine epichlorhydrin resin), is dissolved in an alkaline aqueous solution of an organic solvent. Subsequently, the solution obtained is brought into contact with a hydrophobic material substrate (example; finepore membrane of polyvinylidene fluoride) to coat the hydrophobic substrate. Then, a hydrophobic membrane material provided with a coating containing formal positive charged groups with ion exchange function and having ionic and hydrophobic both surface function is provided by curing the coated hydrophobic substrate. COPYRIGHT: (C)1990,JPO


In this thesis, contemporary universities and their response to external pressure are studied. The term "the active university" is put forward as an analytical tool. The active university "acts" in ...


The oxidation of aluminium nanoparticles coupled with crystallisation of amorphous alumina shell is investigated through the thermogravimetric analyser and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC) and the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The thermogravimetric (TG) curves show stepwise shapes with temperature increase and could be divided into four stages. The reaction at the second stage is complex, including the simultaneous crystallisation of amorphous alumina (am-Al2O3) and Al oxidation. The crystallisation of am-Al2O3 promotes the reaction through generating fast diffusion channels, like micro-cracks and grain boundaries in the oxide shell to accelerate the ionic diffusion. An enhancement factor (freact), which follows a power-law formula with the crystallisation rate, is introduced to quantify the impact of crystallisation on reaction. With heating rate increase, the second stage of TG curves shifts to the high temperature regime and the total weight gain at the second stage decreases slowly. A crystallisation-reaction model is constructed to fit and predict the weight gain after derivation of diffusivities and crystallisation kinetics. Modelling indicates that with heating rate rise, the mass increment at the second stage of TG curves decreases owing to the reduced reaction time, although the reaction is accelerated. The shift of TG curve to higher temperature is due to the polymorphic phase transition. Actually the derived kinetics of the crystallisation of amorphous alumina indicates that the polymorphic phase transformation mechanism works mainly below the heating rate of 3 K s–1. At higher heating rate, the melting of Al takes place firstly and the crystallisation of am-Al2O3 follows to enhance the ionic diffusion. Therefore, when the heating rate is fast during ignition or combustion, the Al nanoparticles undergo both the melting of Al and the polymorphic phase transition of am-Al2O3 to accelerate the reaction.


In addition to the federally-mandated treatment performance and hazard identification criteria, several state regulatory agencies are placing restrictions and waste limitations on commercial TSD operations. The waste acceptance criteria associated with treatment, incineration, and land disposal services are becoming increasingly more stringent and restrictive, placing additional. burdens on generators as well as commer'cial facilities to quantify the degree of environmental concern by substantiating the properties and content of each wastestream.


Based on close relation between electric field around dust particles and their deposition on electric contact surface,which results in contact reliability decline and contact fault,the process and principle,which electric connector itself and external electric fields influence the motion of particles,were analyzed.The criterion and calculation method to evaluate connector attracting particles were proposed.Simulation test shows that the attracting ability is relative to two terminals voltage and distance of connector,and particles motion trend is relative to time when they enter electric field but not to their charge polarity.


Using interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (–). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the s onwards in Latin America.


Primaries lanceolate ; the costa enters the margin about the middle discal cell narrow and closed by a nearly straight discal nervure. The subcostal sends off a long curved branch from about its middle, and which attains the margin behind the end of the cell. From the end of the cell the subcostal bends somewhat obliquely upwards to the costal margin. The median is furcate from the end of the cell, both branches being short and bending somewhat suddenly downwards to the dorsal margin, the inner branch being straight and continuous with the discal vein.


A series of CeO2 based materials are analyzed using first-principles calculation. After geometry optimization, the calculated parameter of Ce32O64 is in good agreement with the experimental and theoretical results. The lattice constant of doped materials becomes increasingly smaller with the introduction of more Fe doping into the lattice owing to the small radii of impurity atoms. Other data relate to increase or decrease to some extent. As for electronic property, the energy band structure and partial density of states are explored and discussed. Due to the enhancement of the degree of hybridization between O atoms and metal atoms, there is a narrower band gap in Fe doped materials, indicating that lower energy can promote and achieve electronic transition from the valence band to the conduction band. Through the complex dielectric function composed of the real part and the imaginary part, the extinction coefficient, it is observed that they are responsive to light and electronic transition under visible light irradiation. On the other hand, we predict the photocatalytic behavior by discussing the extinction coefficient. Besides, the optical absorption spectrum and optical band gap are analyzed to further observe performance in photocatalysis. It is found that doping causes first the red shift of the absorption edge and then results in the red shift and enhancement of photocatalytic performance, which is consistent with our prediction. In addition, Eopt indicates that Fe is beneficial for the activity of CeO2. The atomic number ratio of 3:1 (Fe:Ce) shows superior behavior compared to other materials.


Defect management is an important part of the operation and maintenance management of power equipment,and strengthening standardization and normalization is essential to its improvement.This paper presents the models for standard system of power equipment defects,building static model of standard defects from the four aspects of defect phenomena,positions,causes and countermeasures,further building dynamic model of standard defects by correlating and dynamically combining the four static domains,thereby structuring the standard system of defects.The system plays an important role in the report,treatment,analysis and statistics of defects,promoting the standardization and normalization of defect management for power network apparatus.


Pairwise comparison matrices play a prominent role in multiple-criteria decision-making, particularly in the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Another form of preference modeling, called an incomplete pairwise comparison matrix, is considered when one or more elements are missing. In this paper, an algorithm is proposed for the optimal completion of an incomplete matrix. Our intention is to numerically minimize a maximum eigenvalue function, which is difficult to write explicitly in terms of variables, subject to interval constraints. Numerical simulations are carried out in order to examine the performance of the algorithm. The results of our simulations show that the proposed algorithm has the ability to solve the minimization of the constrained eigenvalue problem. We provided illustrative examples to show the simplex procedures obtained by the proposed algorithm, and how well it fills in the given incomplete matrices.


The struggle by indigenous people to protect their land from capitalist expansion is often reduced by scholars to two contrasting models: class politics and identity politics. This reduction has partially come from how scholars separate between the cultural/spiritual and the political-economic dimensions of these struggles, which are often more complex in reality. Based on an empirical study of the Sedulur Sikep movement in Pati, Central Java, the purpose of this article is to understand what the indigenous politics of justice looks like in practice as they defend their land and way of life against the cement mining industry. This study uses a qualitative approach combining four months of field observations with two Wong Sikep households and interviews with 20 Wong Sikep individuals from 15 households in Baturejo Sukolilo Village, Pati Regency, Central Java. This article discusses two findings from the study. First, the cultural/spiritual and political-economic dimensions are inseparable in the lives of Wong Sikep. Such inseparability is manifested through the agricultural system as the core of Wong Sikep life, derived from the teachings of their ancestors (culture/spirituality) as well as their practical needs (political economy). Second, this inseparability forms the basis of their adoption of both the politics of recognition and redistribution in their resistance to cement mining. The article concludes with recommendations for future studies about the Sedulur Sikep movement in particular and for indigenous justice movements more broadly.


Polymer poly (1-naphthyle acrylate) (PNA) dissolved in cyclohexane optical nonlinear properties are determined by the employment of thermal lens, diffraction rings and Z-scan techniques using visible 532 nm TTL modulated laser beam. Nonlinear refractive index, 2 n , and the thermo-optic coefficients, dn/dT, are obtained. The three techniques led to the values of W cm / 10 2 7  and 1 5 10   k respectively. It appears to us that nonlinear optical properties of PNA are governed by the solvent.


We demonstrate and investigate concurrent switching of twenty 10-Gbps channels using a silicon Mach-Zehnder interferometer switching structure with low on-state loss, low power, and microsecond-scale switching time.


This paper introduces a new space-born InSAR(synthetic aperture radar interferometry) data processing technique(GeoWatch technique) which has the following characteristics and advantages: 1.complete and continuous coverage to both urban and rural areas including not only persistent scatters but also distributed scatters including surface of road,airport runways,ground fields,and semi-vegetated natural areas;2.all results are truly ortho-rectified,supporting continuous monitoring in various customized scales and coverage sizes;3.support ERS-12,ENVISAT,ALOS PALSAR,JERS-1,RADARSAT-12,COSMO-SkyMed(CSK),TerraSAR and the future Chinese small SAR satellite constellation.We processed the ENVISAT data of Tianjin area using this technique,and got average subsidence rate images with coverage sizes(sampling spacing) of 100km x 100km(50m x 50m),Tianjin city area(20m x 20m),Langfang city area(15m x 15m) and Shengfang town area(7m x 7m) respectively,showing unique advantage and application potential of this technique in land subsidence monitoring.


Personality is one of the most important factors affecting the treatment course of patients with psychiatric disorders. The present study aimed to find the possible relationship between personality factors and response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors treatment for major depression.In the present prospective study, one hundred and seven patients with mild or moderate depression treated with citalopram, sertraline or fluoxetine for two months. Every patients were evaluated by Hamilton depression test (as pre-test and post-test) and Temperament and Character Inventory (as pre-test) and their response to treatment evaluated base on their Hamilton depression test. The collected data were analyzed using ANOVA, chi- square, Pearson's correlation coefficients tests and logistic regression.The mean age of the patients was 39.7 years and most of the population were female (71.9%). The results showed that decrease in RD (OR=0.85, P=0.05) and age (OR=0.93, P=0.003), and increase in CO score (OR=1.32, P<0.001) had a significant effect on the likelihood of being responsive to the treatment.The present study demonstrated that the cooperativeness could be considered as an appropriate predictor of treatment response among responders and non-responders. The investigation of four groups revealed that those with complete response had higher cooperativeness and lower novelty seeking while the non-responsive group had higher Persistence and self-transcendence.Temperament and character or at least some of their traits may predispose response to depression treatment.


A pumping system for water supply is considered. Monitoring processes in the pumping unit helps to avoid an emergency and automate operation. Modeling the unit allows you to visually consider the influence of the input signals and get acquainted with the methods of visualization and control.A pumping system for water supply is considered. Monitoring processes in the pumping unit helps to avoid an emergency and automate operation. Modeling the unit allows you to visually consider the influence of the input signals and get acquainted with the methods of visualization and control.


Abstract In this article, two powerful analytical methods called the variational iteration method (VIM) and the variational homotopy perturbation method (VHPM) are introduced to obtain the exact and the numerical solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers (KdVB) equation and the (1+1)-dimensional Sharma-Tasso-Olver equation. The main objective of the present article is to propose alternative methods of solutions, which avoid linearization and physical unrealistic assumptions. The results show that these methods are very efficient, convenient and can be applied to a large class of nonlinear problems.


An in-situ polymerizing and solution co-mixing approach was used in the formation of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix composites using hydroxyapatite (HA) nano-particles and short carbon fibers(C(subscript f)) as reinforcing materials. The microstructures and fracture surface morphologies of the composite were characterized using XRD, FT-IR, SEM and EDS analyses. The flexural properties were tested by a universal testing machine. Results show that the uniform dispersion of short carbon fibers and HA nano-particles in PMMA matrix is achieved. The stress-strain curves of as-prepared C(subscript (f))/HA-PMMA composites indicate that excellent flexural strength and modulus are achieved. The flexural strength will reach the maximum value of 97.41 MPa when fiber and HA mass content arrive to 4% and 2%.


Abstract Until recently, little attention has been paid to the problems of teaching about systems or creating a learning environment in which systems learning can take place. Recently, however, in the United Kingdom, three formal university groups devoted to teaching students about systems ideas and practice have emerged. This article discusses the problems of systems teaching. It then presents a development of a teaching strategy, from basic terms through development of systems skills and motivation and confidence building, and finally illustrates a systems library. An appendix describing the Open university systems courses is presented.


Introduction: The closing down of schools and universities due to the COVID-19 outbreak led to introducing virtual education. Considering the importance of virtual education during coronavirus pandemic, this study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the quality of virtual education from the viewpoint of professors and students of rehabilitation fields of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: The present descriptive-analytical study was carried out in the presence of 17 professors and 210 undergraduate and postgraduate students in the fields of rehabilitation. Data was collected using a questionnaire and its validity was confirmed by experienced professors in virtual education and its reliability was determined by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (97.0).
Result: The results showed that from the viewpoint of professors, all domains of the questionnaire were considered effective factors for the quality improvement of virtual education but students considered the domain of clarification of the learner's expectations as the most effective factor and the domain of minimizing the sense of isolation and creating the sense and motivation of being part of the learning community as the least effective factor.
Conclusion: Taking in to account these important factors affecting the efficacy of virtual education, it is necessary for policymakers in the field of education to organize the necessary programs and pay attention to providing the conditions essential in improving the quality of virtual education for learners.


In two recent papers (Phys. Rev. A90 (2014), 062121 and Phys. Rev. A91 (2015), 052110) an interesting method of analyzing the breaking of Bell inequalities has been proposed which is based on the theory of finite group representations. We apply here this method to more complicated example of $S_4$ symmetry. We show how the Bell inequality can be related to the symmetries of regular tetrahedron. By choosing the orbits of threedimensional representation of $S_4$ determined by the geometry of tetrahedron we find that the Bell inequality under consideration is broken in quantum theory. The corresponding nonlocal game is analyzed.


A method for designing a lighting system includes: obtaining a selection of a color temperature (CT); obtaining, for the CT, a first spectral power distribution (SPD) corresponding to a low value color rendering index (CRI) and having a first plurality of peak wavelengths; obtaining, for the CT, a second SPD corresponding to a high value CRI and having a second plurality of peak wavelengths; and identifying a plurality of common peak wavelengths shared by the first SPD and the second SPD, wherein the lighting system includes a first plurality of light sources corresponding to the plurality of common peak wavelengths and a second plurality of light sources corresponding to a plurality of remaining peak wavelengths of the second plurality of peak wavelengths, and wherein the lighting system activates the second plurality of light sources in response to an event.


1. IntroductionMany studies have shown that emotional intelligence like other intelligences is important in life. And it is wildly used in the domain of language teaching and learning. Emotional intelligence is composed of two words, emotion and intelligence (Rokni, Hamidi, Gorgani, 2014). Emotional intelligence -based on the Gardner's work" is a section of multiple intelligences (Gardner, 1993). He believed that old IQ tests just measure language and logic while all human have not just a single intelligence (psychologists called -g" for general intelligence) rather equipped with a set of series intelligences. That is a unique feature of human. These intelligences are different in terms of composition and power. Furthermore, he asserted that instruction and drill can be effective in acquiring intelligences. And factors like experiment and environment enhance these intelligences. These intelligences include spatial/visual, naturalistic i, interpersonal and interpersonal, kinesthetic and musical intelligence (Gardner, 1983).Later emotional intelligence originated from interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligences (Rokni et al., 2014). Eventually, based upon Gardner's viewpoint a perfect model of emotional intelligence presented by Mayer and Salovey in 1990 )Bar-On,1997).2. Review of literatureMoafian and Ghanizadeh (2009) have conducted another study to examine the relat ionship between Iranian EFL teachers' emotional intelligence and their self-efficacy. The teachers' sense of efficacy scale and the emotional intelligence questionnaire was used. The findings reported a significant relationship between the teachers' EI and their sense of efficacy. Furthermore, Motallebzadeh (2009) aimed to investigate the emotional intelligence relation with reading comprehension and structural ability. To meet this end, he selected 250 Iranian EFL learners of Islamic Azad University. After performing language proficiency test 170 participants were selected as intermediate level. The findings showed that except for two categories of interpersonal skill, social responsibility and empathy there was significant relationship between emotional intelligence, reading comprehension and structural ability.Hadizadeh Moghadam, Tehrani and Amin (2011) sought to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and management decision making styles of managers in Iranian oil industry. Fifty five managers participated. In order to measure emotional intelligence and managers' decision making styles two questionnaire, emotional intelligence and Bruces decision making style were used. Based on Pearson product moment correlation, it was found that there are negative meaningful relationship between emotional intelligence and each of rational and avoidant decision making styles and there is a positive meaningful relationship between emotional intelligence and intuitive decision making style of managers.Alipour, Akhondy and Aerab-shybani (2011) studied the correlation between handedness and thinking styles in male and female students. They used Edinburgh handedness and Sternberg-Wagner thinking styles inventory questionnaires. The results of the study showed that was a significant relation between handedness and legislative, judicial, executive, hierarchical, monarchic, oligarchic, global, local, liberal, and conservative thinking styles. Those individuals who were left-handed used more legislative, judicial and hierarchical thinking styles while right-handed persons used more executive and local thinking styles.Another related study was conducted by Fouladi (2012) to investigate the effects of EI on the choice of language learning strategies of post-graduate Iranian students. The results showed that there is no correlation between high and low EQ with choice of language learning strategies.In another research Emamipour and Shams Esfandabad (2013) have done a study on the thinking styles of Students University with regard to their gender over a period of 10 years. …


(111) lead zirconate titanate PZT films of various thicknesses 700, 500 and 300 nm on Pt electrodes have been investigated by tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TMAFM). The PZT crystallites were found to partition into slabs of 90° domains in all cases with domain walls oriented along (110) planes. The polarization c-axis of the domains was inclined by 35° towards the surface and tilted to the surface normal alternately by +45° or -45° for a fully poled film. The grain size was found to be 200 nm, however, the domain width w scaled with the square root of the film thickness h (w = 19 nm for h = 700 nm, w = 16 nm for h = 500 nm, w = 12 nm for h = 300 nm). Furthermore, (111) PZT films (all 700 nm thickness) have been investigated on three different substrates: For (111) PZT on (111) Pt, an average domain width of 19 nm was measured (700 nm). A mean domain width of 20 nm was detected for (111) PZT on polycrystalline IrO 2 and 22 nm for (111) PZT on amorphous Al 2 O 3 (700 nm thickness). The calculated domain width is 16 nm for a film of 500 nm thickness according to the Speck-Romanov-Pompe-Streiffer theory of elastic relaxation in ferroelectric films.


Talking about the feeling of music, it's common that people has excited and happy feeling regarding fast tempo music, relatively, people has calm and peaceful cues based on slow tempo music. In the past research, customers under slow music would stay longer and spend more than under fast music in both supermarket and restaurant. Furthermore, compared to slow music, fast music has stronger effect on getting attention but provide more distraction on message recall. In addition, the level of familiarity, level of like and type of music would also significantly influence customers on both behavior and experience. Thus, there is no doubt that background music has significant influence on customers. In this research, the experimental design is used to investigate the shopping evaluation affected by music tempo (fast vs. slow), crowding (high vs. low), and shopping motivation (hedonic vs. utilitarian). Then, 2x2x2 factorial design is conducted, and 8 different scenarios are created in a restaurant. Questionnaire is set to find the consumption experience evaluation including satisfaction and intended loyalty. The results indicate that under low-crowding environment, slow music has better effect on consumption experience evaluation compared to fast music for both hedonic and utilitarian shoppers; differently, under high-crowding environment, fast music has better effect on consumption experience evaluation for hedonic shoppers, but slow music has better effect for utilitarian shoppers.


An improvement in torsional vibration monitors wherein a frequency shift is applied to the torsional vibration signal to achieve improved stability and increased confidence in the measurement. The torsional vibration signal is applied to parallel frequency shifters to produce a lower frequency measuring signal and a lower frequency reference signal. The two lower frequency signals are applied to parallel connected filters to obtain spectral content of the signals. Once the spectral content is obtained, each lower frequency measuring signal and each lower frequency reference signal is shifted back to the original frequency range to produce filtered reference signals and filtered measuring signals. These signals are then correspondingly summed to provide a set of torsional vibration signals segregated with respect to the frequency spectrum and meaningful with respect to a time base.


In this paper, computational modeling of wave generation and evaluation of results are given. The analysis of Computational Fluid Dynamics is performed in the ANSYS Fluent module. The model of numerical analysis is made time-dependent. The Numerical Wave Tank is an engineering research equipment for studying sea waves that requires the least amount of people and materials. The Numerical Wave Tank may be used to simulate the motion of the ocean and sea waves with a modeled moving wall as a wave-maker. To generate regular gravity waves, a Numerical Wave Tank based on Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes equations and the Volume of Fluid technique is modeled using Dynamic Mesh Technique. Wave heights, water depths, wavelength and wave periods are chosen variable parameters. Water volume fraction, velocities, turbulence kinetic energy and dynamic pressure are evaluated results. A brief explanation of how to generate waves influence is made.


In 2002, the authors of the editorial "Is it time to replace the Wada test?" indicated that "we are almost there" and that functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) will be ready to fully replace the intracarotid amobarbital procedure (IAP) when "a paradigm or battery of fMRI paradigms can be validated for identification of language regions that should be excluded from excision, and for prediction of postoperative memory function." An Epilepsy Currents commentary expressed similar hope in 2003. Unfortunately, almost 20 years later, we are not there yet . . . Substantial progress has been made since 2002 including several publications that have evaluated the concordance between fMRI activations and IAP deactivations and the fMRI's ability to predict the cognitive outcomes after temporal lobectomy for seizure control. However, before we discuss this research, we need to understand the potential advantages, disadvantages, and fallacies of IAP. For many decades, an invasive IAP provided information about hemispheric lateralization of language that neurologists and neurosurgeons learned to depend on when making surgical decisions. Later, methods were developed and added to utilize IAP for memory lateralization. However, IAP fails to provide any information about function localization within the temporal or frontal lobes which is of primary importance for tailored surgical resections. Further, its ability to predict post-surgical memory outcome has been questioned. Intracarotid amobarbital procedure's validity depends on demonstrating relatively symmetric and separate blood supplies to each hemisphere and patient compliance with the testing. In addition to its function lateralizing value, some have used IAP to provide information regarding seizure onset lateralization or to predict epilepsy surgery outcome. However, in patients with epilepsy, the angiographic procedure required for IAP and the injection of the anesthetic medication carry a combined complication rate of up to *11%. Intracarotid amobarbital procedure has also been reported to be falsely lateralizing and be subject to variable effects of anesthesia, rates of amobarbital or methohexital injection and distribution, patient cooperation, and significant variation in testing methods between centers. In recent years, a decline in the proportion of patients receiving IAP in Europe and some US epilepsy centers during the presurgical evaluation has been reported with the above and other factors frequently listed as the main reasons. The issues identified above combined with the developments in the neuroimaging field have resulted in advancement of other techniques for the presurgical evaluation of language and memory localization—single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), near infrared spectroscopy and imaging (NIRS), magnetoencephalography (MEG), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), intraoperative mapping, and fMRI. However, fMRI is of major clinical and practical importance because of its widespread availability, perceived safety, and a relatively low cost when used for clinical and research purposes. Further, the use of fMRI in presurgical evaluation of epilepsy patients has been popularized by initial reports of high correlation between the fMRI activation and IAP for language lateralization and the reports of its ability to predict naming memory deficits after temporal lobectomy. Later studies have shown that while fMRI of language and IAP were both predictive of postsurgical verbal memory decline, fMRI predicted additional variance in outcomes while IAP did not. In parallel, studies compared various fMRI tasks among each other and in combination for their ability to lateralize language functions and correlate them with IAP. These and other studies were recently included in a meta-analysis that derived pooled estimates of the positive and negative predictive values of the fMRI using IAP as the standard reference. However, considering the fallacies of IAP mentioned above, using it as a standard reference may be problematic in and by itself. Nevertheless, the meta-analysis has shown that 81% of patients were correctly classified as having left or right language dominance or mixed language representation; agreement was 94% for typical language lateralization and 51% for atypical language lateralization. Of further interest may be that the predictions were not significantly different between the receptive or expressive language fMRI tasks. However, questions of using fMRI in patients with atypical language lateralization remain. Epilepsy Currents 2020, Vol. 20(6S) 6S-8S a The Author(s) 2020 Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.com/journals-permissions DOI: 10.1177/1535759720948113 journals.sagepub.com/home/epi


About this Lesson This lesson provides students with a physical method to visualize 3-dimensional solids and a specific procedure to sketch a solid of revolution. Students determine the perimeter and area of two-dimensional figures created by graphing equations on a coordinate plane. In addition, students determine the volume and surface area of three-dimensional figures created by revolving a planar region about a horizontal or vertical line.


Bankruptcy proceedings are mainly aimed at recovering the assets of the debtor in order to satisfy the creditors. In recent years, some jurisdictions, such as the Netherlands, tried to make their insolvency frameworks more stakehold-er-friendly to promote sustainable liquidation. Usually, these changes give bankruptcy trustees the discretionary power to take into account the interests of all stakeholders involved. Based on empirical evidence from the Netherlands, this article shows that the mere obligation to take into account the interests of stakeholders other than creditors is insufficient to promote sustainable liquidation. In order to promote sustainable liquidation, this article suggests implementing a multistakeholder perspective in bankruptcy proceedings. In addition, the article explores whether the aim of bankruptcy proceedings should be changed because the creditor's primacy impedes bankruptcy trustees from promoting interests other than that of the creditors.


Conditions of selective disintegration of the crude ore through an electric discharge in water as well as a technological process of its processing, which allows for a considerable increase of recovery of precious metals, are presented. Dependences of pressure of a shock wave on the strength properties of ore, and also dependence on the capacity and distance from the channel of discharge are shown.


Hemoglobin (Hb) variability is a commonly used index of phylogenetic
differentiation and molecular adaptation in fish. In the current study, the
structural and functional characteristics of Hbs from two Sturgeon species of the Southern Caspian Sea Basin were investigated. After extraction and separation of hemoglobin from whole blood , the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDSPAGE), native-PAGE and isoelectric focusing (IEF) were used to confirm Hb variability in these fishes. Ion-exchange on CM-cellulose chromatography was used for purification of the dominant Hbs from these fishes. The accuracy of the methods was confirmed by IEF and SDS-PAGE. Spectral studies using fluorescence spectrophotometery, circular dichroism spectropolarimetry (CD) analysis and UV–vis spectrophotometery. Oxygen affinities of these Hbs were compared using Hb-oxygen dissociation curves. Also, the dominant Hbs from these blood fishes were utilized for further experiments. The behavior of Hbs during the denaturation process by n-dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) is investigated by UV–vis spectrophotometer and circular dichroism spectropolarimetry. The thermal denaturation properties of the Hbs wereinvestigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Hbs aggregation performed chemically in the presence of dithiotreitol (DTT) by UV–vis spectrophotometer and chemometric study. The results demonstrate a significant relationship between stability of fish hemoglobins and the ability of fish for entering to deeper depths. The UV–Vis absorption spectra identified species of hemoglobin and showed the concentration of oxyHb and metHb decreases and deoxyHb increases upon interaction with DTAB. Besides the UV–vis spectrophotometry, the interaction of DTAB with hemoglobins has been studied using circular dichroism spectropolarimetry analysis. This experiment was utilized to measure the unfolding mechanism and compared alpha-helix secondary structure under different conditions for Hbs. The results reveal that the Acipenser stellatus Hb in comparison with Acipenser persicus Hb has more stability and more structural compactness. Besides, the results confirm the hypothesis that there is a meaningful relation between average habitat depth, partial oxygen pressure, oxygen affinity, structural compactness of Hb, and its stability.


Purpose: The aim of this paper is to get a better understanding of organizations and their work environments. The idea is to find out why some organizations opt for highly flexible or even virtual office concepts, whereas others deliberately choose for more conventional models. Background: In the past decades, mobile and flexible office concepts received a lot of attention. Today, many of these concepts are part of general practice, but, at the same time, we see that these concepts are not yet as mainstream or wide spread as many expected or predicted them to be. This paper takes a closer look at this situation. Approach (Theory/Methodology): The paper starts with an overview of the main trends concerning office concepts. Then, it describes six contrasting cases: the offices of a law firm, a consultancy firm, a government agency, a so-called workhub, an architects firm and a small software firm. Results: The contrasts between the cases show that work environments can take many different shapes and that each shape can be relevant as long as it matches the culture and work processes of the organization. Practical Implications: The main recommendation to practitioners is that they should tailor the work environment to the particular circumstances and characteristics of organizations, looking at aspects like mobility, culture, collaboration, autonomy, size and vision/philosophy.


The paper researches the reasons for conical plate distortion and improves the design of limited form pressing jig to reduce the failure rate from 25% to 5% below.It is very prominent in economic and social benefit.


This project presents the design, construction and demonstration of an automatic light control system for streetlights. The automatic light control circuit requires no physical operation. The circuit was built around an IC CA3140 (Op-Amp), photo resistor (LDR) and other discrete components. When regulated from 12V to 6V which is supplied to the circuit. The circuit involves the following stages. The power supply (transformation, rectification, filtration,) comparative stage (OP-AMP), and switching stage (Transistor and relay). THE Principle involves a 6v sent across an op-amp(CA3140) which compares the voltage to the reference voltage which is 3v,if the voltage is higher than the reference voltage it triggers the transistor(BC548) on, which in turn triggers the 6v relay thereby turning on the (6v )light source but if the voltage is lower than the reference voltage, no output voltage is sent to the transistor and relay, thereby making the light source turned off, Basically, low light intensity at night causes high resistance which triggers the light bulb at night, while high light intensity causes low light intensity and this automatically turns off the streetlight off in the morning. The circuit is cheap and compact


Objective:To introduce a new method of total auricle primary reconstruction.Methods:The fasciocutaneous island flap and split -thickness skin graft was designed to cover a Medpor framew ork for auricle primary reconstruction.Results:12cases have been performed from Oct.1999to Sep.2001,the follow -up perio d was one to eighting monthes,all of t hem got satisfactory appearance of new ears.Conclusions:Clinical applications showed several advantages of this method.


The purpose of this research is to identify relationship between leisure life and Subjective happiness in non-delinquent and delinquent youth. In this pursuit, we carried out a research non-delinquent and delinquent youth in order to identify how they differ in leisure motive, leisure constraints, leisure satisfaction, and how these constructs are mutually affected. The results of the study are as followings. Firstly, leisure motive among youth can be categorized into four main causes; social, psychological, educational, physical factors; Leisure constraints among youth can be classified under three factors; personal, social and structural factors. Leisure satisfaction into five factors; social, psychological, educational, physical, and esthetic factors. Subjective happiness is classified into three different forms; satisfaction, positive?negative feeling. Secondly, Leisure motives, leisure constraint, educational and psychological satisfaction vary depending on type of student. Thirdly, In the effect relations analysis between leisure motives, leisure constraints, leisure satisfaction, positive feeling and negative feeling, it is found that these have significant influences on both non-delinquent and delinquent youth.


This study aims to identify the difference in the mobilisation degree of RAP asphalt binder under three mixing techniques and its influences on the performance of recycled hot-mix asphalt mixture (HMA). Glass beads were selected to replace parts of fresh coarse aggregates, and to analyze the transfer of RAP binder using Fourier Transformation Infrared (FTIR) spectroscope analysis. Superpave Gyratory Compactor (SGC) and Hamburg Wheel-Track Device (HWTD) were used to evaluate the compaction property and the high-temperature performance of recycled HMA. Results showed that the relative percentage of reclaimed asphalt recovered (Rp) varied with the mixing techniques. The workability of recycled HMA is related to the mixing technique. The softer fresh asphalt binder is more capable of facilitating the mineral aggregates to form a stable skeleton structure. In addition, the transfer of RAP binder in recycled HMA may be an important factor influencing the skeleton structure.


Studies were conducted to assess the response of hot pepper cultivars for yield and quality in the local soil and climatic conditions of the US Virgin Islands. Seven cultivars namelyRing of Fire', `Compadre', `Camino Real', `Jalapeno M', `Caribbean Red', `Hungarian Yellow Hot Wax', andAguila Real' were tested in the field.Significant differences were observed in cultivars for marketable fruit weight, marketable yield, and number of fruits. `Hungarian Yellow Wax' was the first cultivar harvested (60days) andCaribbean Red' observed late maturity (80 days) among the seven cultivars tested. `Compadre' produced the highest total marketable yield (1215.83g/plant). `Caribbean Red' produced lowest marketable yield (129.53g/plant) in given number of harvests and time. `Camino Real' produced highest number of marketable fruits (230/plant) andHungarian Yellow Hot Wax' produced lowest number of marketable fruits (37/plant). `Compadre' fruits were biggest (43.62gm) andRing of Fire' was smallest (5.16gm) in fruit weight. Results of scoville heat unit test (pungency) of fresh peppers showed that `Caribbean Red' is hottest peppers (24,289 heat units) among all whileHungarian Yellow Hot Wax' (581 heat units) was mildestone. No serious pests and disease incidence was recorded during whole growing season. Overall results indicated that all varieties showed good adaptability and were rated as good or excellent in disease tolerance, yield and quality.


The mechanism responsible for the annual cycle of the flow through the straits of the Japan Sea is in- vestigated using a two-layer model. Observations show maximum throughflow from summer to fall and minimum in winter, occurring synchronously at the three major straits: Tsushima, Tsugaru, and Soya Straits. This study finds the subpolar winds located to the north of Japan as the leading forcing agent, which first affects the Soya Strait rather than the Tsushima or Tsugaru Straits. The subpolar winds generate baroclinic Kelvin waves along the coastlines of the subpolar gyre, affect the sea surface height at the Soya Strait, and modify the flow through the strait. This causes barotropic adjustment to occur inside the Japan Sea and thus affect the flow at the Tsugaru and Tsushima Straits almost synchronously. The barotropic adjustment mechanism explains well why the observations show a similar annual cycle at the three straits. The annual cycle at the Tsugaru Strait is further shown to be weaker than that in the other two straits based on frictional balance around islands, that is, frictional stresses exerted around an island integrate to zero. In the Tsugaru Strait, the flows induced by the frictional integrals around the northern (Hokkaido) and southern (Honshu) islands are in opposite directions and tend to cancel out. Frictional balance also suggests that the annual cycle at the Tsugaru Strait is likely in phase with that at the


Recent research by PwC estimates that there will be more than 76,000 drones in use across the UK skies by 2030. What role can this technology play in industrial maintenance? Adam Offord investigates


Landsteiner and Lampl 1 showed that new protein antigens could be formed through the chemical union between chemically simple drugs, such as anilin, and a protein. This is true for precipitin reactions in rabbits, as well as for shock experiments with guinea pigs (Landsteiner 2 ). The sensitized animals do not react to an injection of the simple compounds uncombined to protein. On the other hand, they may react to a protein other than the one used for the sensitizing injections, provided this new protein has linked to it the same chemical compound which had been added to the new antigen. It remained to be determined whether the results obtained by precipitin reactions and anaphylactic shock apply to isolated organs as well. For this purpose, experiments were performed with the isolated guinea pig uterus, according to the method of Schultz and Dale. Antipyrine was diazotized and coupled to protein, after the method of Landsteiner and Lampl. Two antigens were made. In one, the diazo-antipyrine was combined with rabbit serum proteins, and used for injections into rabbits. In another, the diazo-antipyrine was coupled to guinea pig serum proteins, and used for injections into guinea pigs. In this way the interfering presence of antigenic protein was eliminated. Positive precipitin reactions were obtained against rabbit serum which had been treated with antipyrinediazorabbit protein. Precipitation occurred when the sera were tested to diazoantipyrine-protein antigens of rabbit, guinea pig or egg white proteins. Pure antipyrine added to the precipitin tubes inhibited the precipitin reaction from these antigens. The uteri of virgin guinea pigs which had been "immunized" to antipyrine-diazo-guinea pig protein were suspended in vitro, after the technic of Dale. 3 Wherever it was possible, each uterus was cut into 4 sections, and each segment suspended individually. Each uterus could be subjected to the following procedures:


Understanding the demographics of a municipality and how it changes over time is crucial to the municipal development. This master's thesis aims to evaluate how interactive Information Visualizatio ...


The amazing growth in the usage of the broadband services has motivated a number of the services' providers to find drastic solutions. The percentage of broadband subscribers has increased from 5.3% of the world population in 2007 to 8.5% of the population in 2011. The increase in the number of subcarriers and a high bandwidth requirement are two motivations to demonstrate the broadband service provision. As a promised demonstration of the broadband provision, professionals use optical fiber to account for the present and the future broadband demand. Power consumption and bandwidth capacity, which the optical fiber has offered, are two main requirements for success of any communication system. In this thesis several implementations have been added to such Passive Optical Network (PON) systems in order to meet the future broadband demand by maintaining the Bit Error Rate (BER). The interaction between Radio Frequency (RF) and optical fiber can support both wired and wireless communication systems. The modulation of RF signals has been tried by using different types in order to study the BER performance when PON is used. Three different optical millimeter signals were analyzed, which are Single Side-Band (SSB), Double Side-Band (DSB), and Optical Carrier Suppression (OCS) and applied to Wavelength Division MultiplexingPassive Optical Network (WDM-PON) systems. The Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) multi-carrier has been realized as


A DCS-1800 offset-PLL upconversion modulation loop IC, which is fabricated in a 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS technology, is presented in this paper. This IC operates at 2.8 V supply voltage with a current consumption of 36 mA. The measured r.m.s. and peak phase errors of the GMSK transmission signal are 1.6 and 4 degree, respectively. It is shown that such circuit can be implemented in a CMOS process with current dissipation and performance comparable to BiCMOS commercial products. The advantages of an upconversion modulation loop and the design issues of IQ modulators are also described in this paper.


In the emergency activity, the ambulance officer collects injured person's information and transports injured person to medical institution. However, it is given priority to carry the injured person to the medical in- stitution promptly in the reality, and is disregarded the collection of information. In this paper, we aim to collect information efficiently without disturbing the work of the emergency activity of the ambulance officer. Information is registered beforehand as the method when not relating to the accident and the disaster,


FIELD: information technologies. SUBSTANCE: detachable information medium with higher speed of access comprises a unit of external interface, the first controller of direct access to memory, the first and second data storage units, a switchboard, the second controller of direct access to memory, a flash memory unit, a flash memory interface unit, a random-access memory of physical sectors, a microprocessor, a random-access memory of software, a permanent storage. EFFECT: invention provides for higher speed of access to memory and saving of energy of a source of supply of an external device due to organisation of direct access in a medium to memory and reduced efficiency of an inbuilt processor. 2 dwg


Increasingly, modern conflicts will be fought in information space as opposed to a classically physical battlefield environment. The purpose of the paper is to show the parallels between emerging Electromagnetic Maneuver Warfare (EMW) and cyber warfare (CW) concepts aligned with the US military Third Offset Strategy and introduce new concepts and measures defined as information power and information maneuverability. Specifically, the paper presents an extension of the Col. John Boyd Observe-Orient-Decide-Act (OODA) process and his "Destruction and Creation" thesis where he originated "Energy-Maneuverability" (EM) theory towards information power and information maneuverability. There is a need to transition from physical entropy and specific energy to proposed information equivalents. This paper sets forth formulae that introduce the concepts of "strong" and "weak" information positions as compared to an adversary or competitor - hence "information maneuverability". The paper asserts that the future force challenges of mitigating uncertainty and increasing the speed of command in complex environments cannot be won without superior agility and autonomy within the information domain.


A non dimensional variational statement is developed for a slightly curved beam, which may contain a delamination between the core and the face sheet. Non dimensional parameters are defined which involve initial curvature (or beam rise), core shear deformation, core/face sheet geometry and delamination length


Canter's proof of which real number set is not a countable aggregate is called the diagonal method. The present author discovers that this proof implies a premise that "all the infinite elements on diagonal can be checked in due order." Based on this premise, we can prove that the one to one correspondence between the elements of (A)=∪1iωA_iand the pairs of twin elements of[A]=∪1i≤ωA_i, i.e., ([A])=2((A)). Thus we have ((A))=_0=([A])=2~(_0), which is contrary to Cantor's results.


Cristales Templados La Torres is a company located at the South of Bogota which is dedicated to the manufacture of bath divisions and provides glass tempering services. Within its daily processes is founds the supply of raw material, production and distribution of glass, which had problems in its supply chain, beginning with a lack of control in the inventories that generated money losses due to extra costs originated by oversupply of raw glass sheets, it was created an Excel tool that controls the inventories movement and through an inventory policy, informs the company when and how much to buy, another of its problems was that they had not established a system of prioritization in the programming of the demand of its products, therefore generating delays in daily production, for which simulations were made in Flexsim, prioritizing the products with greater demand to later determine the order of these, finally the company did not have a routes distribution optimization system , for that cause an application was created which works under a nearest neighbor heuristic resulting in more optimal routes in its distribution.
As mentioned previously, before and after scenarios were generated, which were compared under indicators that measured the improvement in costs, production levels and times respectively. In order to avoid extra costs for supply, through the inventory policy it seemed to have an estimated cost reduction of 172 million, corresponding to less than 50% of the current cost. By using Flexsim, it was possible to determine that prioritizing 6mm glass products, generated a production increase of 26% and assuredly using the routing application, the travel times were reduced by up to 36% and the used trucks were reduced, thus avoiding transportation overcharges.


ABSTRACT Recent China-India relations have been marked by a puzzling mix of cooperation and rivalry across military, economic, institutional and normative dimensions. Yet despite a large empirical literature on this crucial relationship, existing scholarship has struggled to explain its countervailing trends. This is due in large part to a lack of rigorous theory, which is essential for explanation. This article illustrates the theoretical shortcomings of current scholarship on China-India relations, drawing on the methodological literature on causal inference. It then shows how the four articles that follow in the special issue serve as a much-needed corrective to this problem by developing and applying well-specified theories to explain variation in China-India cooperation and rivalry, and presents a synthesis of their causal claims.


According to geotechnical investigations in recent years,the laterite in Huangshi region is classified by the mother rock and its geotechnical properties.The paper analyses the geotechnical evaluation and summarizes its characteristics.


The paper researches the influence of earnings forecast deviation on earnings management behavior of listed companies. Starting from the contracted character of earnings forecast in our security market, the paper analyzes the relationship between the earnings management motivation and earnings forecast deviation and tests the earnings management behavior of the company with the negative earnings forecast deviation within 20%. The tests on companies which overestimate earnings but with the overestimated degree not more than 20% about their earnings management behavior will somewhat adjust its earnings by managing discretionary accruals and operation capital in the first year after IPO. The results show that in order to avoid punishment because of earnings forecast error, listed companies have motivation of managing profit.


To reduce the influences of the commutation torque ripples in Brushless DC(BLDC),an optimal PWM method is proposed to analyze the PWM influences on the commutation torque ripples.Based on the principle and the BLDC motor equations,the mathematical derivation of the commutation torque ripples is given.To the main problem of torque ripples in brushless DC motor,a new PWM method(PWM-on)is proposed and proved to be efficient in reducing the torque ripple in theory.Based on the efficient TMS320LF28016 DSP control system,the experiment results show that the proposed method is efficient in reducing the torque ripple.


In today's world we have so many well established emailing applications through which we can communicate with others. example gmail,outlook etc. In today's world every top companies uses software like gmail, yahoo mailand outlook etcIt becomes very cumbersome for employees of an organisation to remember the email ids of their fellow mates for communication related to their business. Hence there is a requirement of internet to access the emails of ther employees for communication related to business work. The content of this research paper will revolve arround the comparison and analysis of various emailing application and developing an application Emailing system using java with the most efficient technologies available. The comparison and analysis of various emailing application will be based on parameters like efficiency,server usage,latent time,other services provided. After analysis we can come to the conclusion that which application has extra edge over other in what domain. Emailing system using java is an application developed using java programming language and some concepts of networking. Through this application we can send the messages. This application will be using host server of Gmail.For that there will be two email addresses one will be source email and other will be destination email address. User can type the message in the text area provided and click on send button. On clicking the send button the message will be delivered to the destination. The paper is arranged as follows. Glance at available techniques are given in section II. The proposed Methodology is given under Section III. Section IV explains the Results and Discussion.Conclusions are given in Section V.


This paper reports the results of an experiment as part of a study assessing the impact of decision aid use on performance-based decision-making. We examine the effect of a singleuser decision support mechanism for multi-attribute preferential choice in the context of largeand small-screen systems, in terms of measures of decision maker performance. The study gauges the effect of screen size on decision performance, and the moderating impact of a decision aid, through a single task scenario implemented on large 17" PC computer screens and small PDA screens. Results indicate that the decision aid significantly increases performance. Also, the decision aid directly influences the decision strategy employed to reach a decision, and reduces the cognitive effort associated with strategies traditionally considered more effortful, leading to faster decisions. Ultimately, results indicate that a decision aid can moderate the effect of diminished screen size on decision performance.


The objective of this study is to spatially identify the pattern of Ganoderma disease under natural field
epidemic using three different spatial point pattern analyses, which are nearest neighbor analysis and refined
nearest neighbor analysis for first order spatial analysis, and Ripley's K function for second order spatial analysis.
Three commercial oil palm sites with three replicate areas per site were selected in this study with different age of
palm tree. The nearest neighbor analysis showed that the spatial distribution of the infected palms in all the
replicate areas at SKE0224 was clustered. Refined nearest neighbor analysis and Ripley's K function also showed
that the distribution of the infected palms in all the areas studied was clustered. But statistical test through Monte
Carlo simulation showed that the cluster distribution of the infected palms in most of the areas studied was not
statistically significant. Nevertheless, the study has proved that the spatial distribution of the infected palms under
natural epidemic is not random, disperse or uniform but it is more to cluster pattern. This suggests the spread of the
disease could be from tree to tree possibly through root contact as proved by many past studies.


While ginseng is reported to have a wide array of applications, there is growing evidence for its indications in diabetes and vascular disease. A clear connection, however, has not been established between ginseng's composition, dose and its targeted efficacy in humans. We therefore developed and initiated the Korean Red Ginseng Clinical Testing Program for diabetes and vascular function which is an efficacy and safety-based clinical screening model for ginseng. The most efficacious sources, ginsenoside profiles, doses, and modes of administration were examined in sequential, acute, followed by long term, random- acute, followed by long term, random-andomized-controlled trials to investigate the efficacy and safety profiles. This review discusses the current state of the clinical re- This review discusses the current state of the clinical re- research of Korean red ginseng program conducted in Toronto, paving the way for the use of clinically selected ginseng and its ginsenoside fractions in the management of diabetes and vascular diseases.


Porous polymer monoliths have been successfully prepared by photoinitiated polymerization of butyl methacrylate (BMA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) monomers in porogenic solvent of methanol. Mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscope are used to characterize the porous properties; nevertheless, the pore size obtained from both techniques is not comparable. The porous structure of the porous polymers is controlled by the phase separation during the polymerization and crosslinking. By varying the composition of the starting solution such as initiator fraction, BMA/EDMA ratio, porogen fraction, and UV intensity, porous polymers with median pore size from about 140 nm to 3 μm can be obtained, and the pore size distribution for majority of the porous polymers is also narrow. The results present a very positive prospect to microfluidic applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011


The dobsonflies (Megaloptera, Corydalidae) are an interesting group of insects, but among the New World dobsonflies, it is not known the effect of the Neartic-Neotropical transition zone on their biogeographic distribution. Here we studied at the species level, the records on the geographic range of the dobsonflies that occurred in and near the transition zone. We presented potential geographic distributions based on ecological niche models for several species of dobsonflies. Results suggested that the geographic range of dobsonflies in the transition zone is associated to mountainous formations and that most species favor warm climates with higher precipitation rates. Climate types tend to be important for species that show narrow geographic ranges, but precipitation tends to be the most important variable to explain species dispersion. Overall, our models support the dispersion of dobsonflies from the Neotropics to North America and explain the two endemic species in Mexico as the result of the formation of the transition zone.


The requirements for Web applications concerning workflow execution, interaction, aesthetics, federation and Web service integration are steadily increasing. Considering their complexity, the development of these "rich workflow-based Web applications" requires a systematic approach taking key factors like strong user involvement and clear business objectives into account. To this end, we present an approach for the model-driven construction and evolution of such Web applications on the basis of workflow models which is founded on Domain-specific Languages (DSLs) and a supporting technical framework. We describe our approach's core DSL for workflow modeling which supports various modeling notations like BPMN or Petri nets and outline a set of DSLs used for designing workflow activities like dialog construction, data presentation and Web service communication. In conclusion, rich workflow-based Web applications can be built by modeling workflows and activities and passing them to the associated technical framework. The resulting running prototype can then be configured in detail using the presented DSLs.


Lymphangiomas are rare tumors. When they occur at different locations, they are referred to as lymphangiomatosis. Here we describe a case of lymphangiomatosis presenting with chronic diarrhea and failure to thrive. Etiology, clinical presentations and treatment options will be discussed.


Cannabis is a popular recreational drug worldwide and recently has been approved by many countries and a few states within the USA for recreational purposes. It is composed of two basic components, the psychoactive part tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) that targets CB1 and CB2 receptors in the body and counteracts reactive oxygen species and the Cannabinoidiol (CBD) component is famous for its medicinal use that works without interacting with these receptors and is free of psychiatric side effects


Recent advances have made Virtual Reality (VR) more realistic than ever before. This improved realism is attributed to today's ability to increasingly appeal to human sensations, such as visual, auditory or tactile. While research also examines temperature sensation as an important aspect, the interdependency of visual and thermal perception in VR is still underexplored. In this paper, we propose Therminator, a thermal display concept that provides warm and cold on-body feedback in VR through heat conduction of flowing liquids with different temperatures. Further, we systematically evaluate the interdependency of different visual and thermal stimuli on the temperature perception of arm and abdomen with 25 participants. As part of the results, we found varying temperature perception depending on the stimuli, as well as increasing involvement of users during conditions with matching stimuli.


A new method of correcting apparent velocities of leaky surface acoustic waves (LSAWs), measured by line-focus-beam acoustic microscopy, for thin specimens having elastic inhomogeneities is proposed to eliminate serious errors due to back reflection. This method estimates and removes the apparent measurement errors using the frequency dependence of LSAW velocities measured at a reference position on the specimen with a certain thickness, and also using the relationship between two LSAW velocity values measured at two frequencies and apparent velocity changes included in those values. This correction method is more efficient for a number of measurement positions than the previously developed method of moving-average processing. Measurements of LSAW velocities along the crystal pulling-axis (Z-axis) direction of a Y-cut, X-axis propagating 5-mol% MgO-doped LiNbO3 substrate, with a thickness of about 0.5 mm, are demonstrated.


DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION MOTOR VEHICLE DIVISION 1. Title and its heading: 17, Transportation Chapter and its heading: 4, Department of Transportation Motor Vehicle Division Articles and their headings: 7, Miscellaneous Rules Section numbers: R17-4-707 2. The public information relating to the listed Sections: The previously published Notice of Proposed Rulemaking omitted information concerning public record closure. The public record in this rulemaking will close at 4:30 p.m., on Friday, September 22, 2000.


At present,nursing of TCM is at its early development phase.The main researching contents should include the following several items:(1) to develop and perfect academic theoretic system of nursing of TCM continuously,(2) to establish a best education-course system,(3) to improve and develop clinic technologies of modem nursing and nursing of TCM,(4) to establish a scientific and high-efficiency administration system.As far as researching methods is concerned,it is very necessary to use the development experiences of advanced countries for reference.


th century. We studied the population development and demographic parameters in Finland during recent decades. According to winter counts, the population has been the lowest in 1980–1990s before the recent population increase. Both breeding success (study years 1991–2010) and the number of migrants (1979–2010) arriving from the east, have recently increased significantly. The sex ratio of migrants was female biased. The probability of detected occupancy of breeding pairs, other pairs and occupied territories (at least one individual observed) increased strongly during 1991– 2010 especially in the eastern part of the country. Thus, the ca. 300–400% increase in numbers observed is not solely due to the increased number of monitored sites. The proportion of detected occupancy was also higher on territories considered as high-quality habitat. Number of autumn migrants positively affected the territory occupancy in the following spring, but not the occupancy of pairs or confirmed breeders. Nevertheless, despite the positive trend in the intensity of irruptions, there was a strong additional positive trend in occupancy that was independent from the effect of immigration.


As teachers we accept responsibility for teaching children read or facilitating the process for those who need little teaching. In doing so we should not underestimate the importance of the home or the part played by close cooperation between home and school in helping children along the road to literacy, and in developing positive attitudes and life-long habits of reading.


The relation of malocclusion to the incidence of dental caries has received the attention of numerous investigators. That faulty arrangement or relation of the teeth plays an important part in the production of dental decay is the opinion of many students of the problem, who maintain that normal occlusion is the important factor in immunity to caries. Such for instance is the view of Weston (1), deputy school medical officer of Shropshire. In reporting on a group of children "who were naturally free from caries," the point is emphasized that over 97.8 per cent disclosed good dental occlusion. Radeliffe (2), school dentist of Keighley, England, presented an interesting summary on 30 children she has studied. Fifteen of those under her observation had perfectly sound teeth; the other 15 showed caries in nearly every tooth. Most of the children in whom caries was most severe had narrowed arches and enlarged tonsils. In those immune to the disease occlusion was normal. The findings of Ferguson (3) substantiate Weston's and Radeliffe's contentions. A low total of 26 cases of malocclusion was noted among the 2,257 pupils he examined in the public schools of American Samoa (18 in the male and 8 in the female). Ninety per cent of those studied were free from caries. Yet Sampson (4), in Tristan da Cunha, found that most of these islanders had perfect teeth. Nevertheless, edge to edge bite was present in a large proportion of them and one case of open bite was also reported. McRae (5), who examined a mixed group of 3,188 white and negro children, found that although the white children had better occlusion than the negroes, the latter showed a lower incidence of caries. In his studies Staz (6) noted that those of his subjects with "medium arches" seemed to have fewer cavities than those with "well-formed" arches. Thus it would appear that the shape of the dental arches, although probably involved in the promotion of caries, is not the only factor conducive to dental disorders. Gilmour (7) inferred that impaired health of the mother during pregnancy may be responsible for the narrowed arches so often encountered in children. In his opinion, a tendency to malocclusion may be congenital or inherited. A similar view was held by Mashankar (8) whose observations are based on a study of 4,365 children of Akola, India. Lubowitz (9) and Nord (10) related experiences to show that open bite may be hereditary. Munblatt's (11) studies add weight to the contention that heredity plays an important role in facial growth as well as in the production of malocclusion.


GMPLS-controlled all-optical networks are the promise to handle the increasing volume of IP traffic. The GMPLS routing and signaling protocols, mainly OSPF and RSVP, work in such a way that the route calculation for optical circuits does not take into account the label (lambda) availability. This is not optimal in terms of network usage and blocking probability of new circuits. To deal with this scenario, more efficient RWA algorithms could be used to calculate the route and the wavelength assignment at one time. These RWA engines need to know the optical topology in a way that is not described by the current OSPF standards. This paper proposes Traffic Engineering extensions to the OSPF protocol to enable the GMPLS control plane to take advantage of the most effective RWA classes. A prototype was developed and deployed in an optical-simulated copper-based network to verify its feasibility based on the bandwidth overhead generated in the control plane.


Simultaneous optical observations at the Antarctic station Mirny (Φ′= −77.4° Corrected geomagnetic latitude (CGL)) and Ultraviolet Imager images of the northern auroral oval from the POLAR satellite were used to determine the displacement of nightside aurorae in the Northern Hemisphere relative to those in the Southern Hemisphere during 10 (1.5 to 3 hour long) time intervals including auroral substorms. Displacements of the poleward edge of the auroral bulge can be significant, up to 50 in CGL. The sense and magnitude of displacements are not related to the dipole tilt angle or differing ionospheric conductivity in the two hemispheres but rather to interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientations in the ecliptic plane. Aurorae reach higher latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere when Bx 0 but occur at higher latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere when Bx>0 and By<0. Perturbations in conjugate ground magnetometers display a similar asymmetry. By contrast, displacements of the aurora are small when the IMF strength is weak, the IMF orientation fluctuates, or the IMF has an orthospiral orientation. Even when the latitudes are similar, local bright auroral forms and transient intensifications often occur in only one hemisphere. Our results testify to the effective penetration of the equatorial component of the IMF into the magnetosphere.


Abstract : Brief summaries are given of the 18 technical reports which describes the work accomplished. These reports are divided into groups containing the following phases of research: the moving loads on beams, the bilinear restoring force system, hydrodynamics of cylindrical containers, and the phase-plane methods. Two additional reports concern steady forced vibrations of a nonconservative system with variable mass, and a comparative study of pulse and step-type loads on a simple vibratory system.


The coupling and control of the web tension and lateral displacement is the key problem in flexible high-precision roll-to-roll manufacturing process. The web tension and lateral displacement are modeling independently with distributed control in current research, which is hard to solve the coupling between the web tension, velocity and lateral displacement for the reason of the model uncertainties, such as time varying radius of the unwinding roll, velocity variations, and so on. To solve the above problems, this paper establishes a three inputs and three outputs coupling model of an extended unwinding system with three axes. A state feedback decoupling control method with pole placement is presented to decouple of the web tension, velocity, and lateral displacement. The transient response of the decoupled system is achieved with pole placement method based on integral of time multiplied by absolute error (ITAE) optimal principles. This approach achieves dynamic decoupling of the web tension, velocity and lateral displacement of the unwinding system. The simulation results show well performance of the decoupled system.


There is a widespread impression that General Relativity, unlike Quantum Mechanics, is in no need of an interpretation. I present two reasons for thinking that this is a mistake. The first is the familiar hole argument. I argue that certain skeptical responses to this argument are too hasty in dismissing it as being irrelevant to the interpretative enterprise. My second reason is that interpretative questions about General Relativity are central to the search for a quantum theory of gravity. I illustrate this claim by examining the interpretative consequences of a particular technical move in canonical quantum gravity.


Dedication Preface to the Third Edition Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition Contributors The genus Listeria and Listeria monocytogenes: Phylogenetic Position, Taxonomy, and Identification, J. Rocourt and C. Buchrieser Ecology of Listeria species and L. monocytogenes in the Natural Environment, B. D. Sauders and M. Wiedmann Listeriosis in Animals, I. V. Wesley Listeriosis in Human, J. Painter and L. Slutsker Molecular Virulence Determinants of Listeria monocytogenes, M. Kuhn and W. Goebel Characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes Important to Food Processors, B. H. Lado and A. E. Yousef Conventional Methods to Detect and Isolate Listeria monocytogenes, C. W. Donnelly and D. G. Nyachuba Rapid Methods for Detection of Listeria, B. F. Brehm-Stecher and E.A. Johnson Subtyping Listeria monocytogenes, L. M. Graves, B. Swaminanathan and S. B. Hunter Incidence and Behavior of Listeria monocytogenes in Unfermented Dairy Products, E. T. Ryser Incidence and Behavior of Listeria monocytogenes in Cheese and Other Fermented Dairy Products, E. T. Ryser Incidence and Behavior of Listeria monocytogenes in Meat Products, J.M. Farber, F. Pagotto, and C. Scherf Incidence and Behavior of Listeria monocytogenes in Poultry and Egg Products, E. T. Ryser Incidence and Behavior of Listeria monocytogenes in Fish and Seafood, K. C. Jinneman, M. M. Wekell, and M. W. Eklund Incidence and Behavior of Listeria monocytogenes in Products of Plant Origin, R. E. Brackett Incidence and Control of Listeria in Food-Processing Facilities, J. Kornacki and J. Gurtler Listeria: Risk Assessment, Regulatory Control and Economic Impact, E. C. D. Todd Perspectives on Research Needs, E. H. Marth, R. E. Brackett, R. B. Tompkin, S. Kathariou, and E. C.D. Todd Foodborne Listeriosis, D. Norton


By John J. Weaver, House Surgeon, Southport Infirmary. B-Avixr? spent almost the whole of the last four years in intimate association with the working of two provincial hospitals, I venture to give my experience of what is now rapidly becoming the burning question of the hospital World?viz., the abuse of hospitals. I regret to state at once that, personally, I have not a shadow of a doubt that our


Objective: To study priliminarily the advantage of mini-incision for total hip arthroplasty (THA).Method:Compared a mini-incision technique and traditional posterior approach for THA.Nine patients who undergone a mini-incision THA were matched by 9 patients with similar conditions.The contrastive items included incision length,blood lose in operation,the postoperative drainage,operative time,postoperative pain,hospitalized days,expenses,early activity,complication and Harris scores.Result:In the similar conditions,it is found that blood lose in operative,the postoperative drainage,operative time,postoperative pain,hospitalized days and expenses were reduced significantly.There were no any influence to the operation success.Conclusion:Mini-incision technique is practicable.


A novel machine-learning-based framework to evaluate the effect of design parameters affected by epistemic uncertainty on the performance of textile antennas is presented in this letter. In particular, epistemic variations are characterized in the framework of possibility theory, which is combined with Bayesian optimization to accurately and efficiently perform uncertainty quantification. A suitable application example validates the proposed method.


This article uses the methods of document material,and data statistics to compare and analyze five basic parameters of 75 male tennis players,who took part in Beijing Olympic Games.The result shows that the players in group A with a better mark do not have significant differentiations with the players in group B with a worse mark on average height,but they have significant differentions with the others on average weight,Quetelet Index,age,personel best mark(p0.01),which proves that the famous world male tennis player always have a high and strong body,it will last a long time for them to become a talent,keep their career of being a player.Their four basic indexes:Height,weight,Quetelet Index,age have a positive distribution.The result shows that the form of bodies and the age of match,of the players who take part in tennis are relatively stable,which gives a scientific reference to select and train male tennis players.


The present invention provides a method of depositing a material, the method comprising: forming on a substrate during a first material, a first layer is formed on the surface of the deposition chamber, a first layer comprising a first material and having a protrusion; forming section after adjusting a material deposition chamber, said second adjusting layer is formed over the first material and the protrusion, the second layer comprising a second material, a second material different from the first material, wherein the second layer prevents protrusion detached from the first layer; forming a third layer on the second layer, the third layer comprising a third material; and adjusting the deposition chamber after the formation of the third layer, the step of adjusting the deposition chamber after a third layer formed on the first three material layers is formed above the fourth, the fourth layer comprising a fourth material, the third material different from the fourth material.


In stationary magnetic fields up to 18 T alongside with the investigation of Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations in monocrystal blocks we studied oscillations of the galvanomagnetic phenomena due to peculiarities of the electron spectrum in the transition layer, and also due to the interaction of the charge carriers with the bicrystal boundary of n-type Bi 1-x Sb x (0.06 ≤ x ≤ 0.15 alloys. In a magnetic field B applied parallel to the boundary surface we have found a new low-frequency oscillation (almost five times less than that from the large cross-sectional area of electron quasiellipsoids) connected with a rotation of the Fermi surface (FS) (about 74°) on the bicrystal boundary.


The Spanish Costa del Sol is one of the most important paradigms of sun-and-beach aged tourism in the world.
This area has suffered intense and violent changes in recent years, and today faces an obsolescence process that
requires a serious reflection to respond and redirect the present and future actions.
This is a specifically contemporary region, with complex and dynamic nature, which is hardly recognized by
traditional mechanisms of knowledge. From AL>tour research group, the Costa del Sol has been understood as
a working laboratory where to observe, analyze and depict this reality is possible. With different maps, the Atlas
of tourism in the Costa del Sol project tries to make visible some of the specific realities from this region and its
landscape.


Data mining practices are utilized to find out hidden information from large databases. Among several data mining techniques, association rule mining is receiving more focus on the experts to discover correlations between items or items sets efficiently. In distributed database atmosphere, the way the information is distributed plays a crucial part in the issue definition. The information could be distributed horizontally or vertically or in hybrid mode among different websites. There is an increasing demand for computing global association rules for the sources goes to different internet sites in ways that individual data isn't unmasked and site manager knows the global studies and their individual data only. In this paper a model is suggested which assumes a sign based safe total cryptography technique to find worldwide association rules with trusted party by protecting the privacy of the individual's data if the data is distributed horizontally among different websites.


The aims of this survey of 4,939 clients of the Utah State Library for the Blind and Disabled were to determine who would use assistive technology (AT) in their public libraries, to profile factors influencing its use, and to evaluate the level of awareness of available services. Less than a quarter of the participants reported that AT was available in their public libraries, and a higher proportion of younger than older people would use it if it were available.


Abstract : Electrically heated handwear is presented as a solution to the hand- protection problem for equipment operators and other military personnel who must use their hands in extremely cold conditions for prolonged periods. The problem of hand cold injury, the inadequacy of conventional solutions and existing handwear, and various experimental approaches are discussed. The U.S. Army Natick Laboratories has assembled an auxiliary electrical handwear system and is continuing research efforts to improve electrically heated handwear. It is concluded that because of the demonstrated need for such handwear and the current feasibility of manufacturing it, electrically heated handwear should be supplied to the appropriate personnel.


ABSTRACT
The present study was carried out to screen and evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of bark extracts of Oroxylum indicum (L.) Hepatoprotective activities of petroleum ether, chloroform, Methanolic and aqueous extracts of.O .indicum were examined against carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage in mice using silymarin as control. The extracts were screened for alkaloids, steroids, proteins, flavanoids, saponins, mucilage, carbohydrates, tannins, glycoside. Enzyme activities of Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT), Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) were analyzed. Results indicate that alcoholi bark extracts of O .indicum had activity over carbon tetrachloride treatment as compared to control. Results of the present investigation confirm the traditional uses of this plant as a potential hepatoprotective agent. The statistical analysis was carried out using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnet's t-test. P-values <0.05 were considered as significant.


On the basis of the two-dimensional analogy of the method of McMillan and Mayer, the van der Waals constant A0 for monolayers of rigid rod-like molecules is calculated theoretically for the cases in which all molecules are (1) vertical to the interface; (2) lying flat upon the interface; (3) inclined by a constant angle θ0; and (4) orienting freely.The theoretical equations thus obtained are used to discuss the orientation of molecules in gaseous films of myristic acid, tridecylic acid and lauric acid. As the results, it is concluded that the molecules of myristic acid and tridecylic acid are lying flat upon the interface in the gaseous film until the phase transition to a condensed film occurs. On the other hand, molecules of lauric acid are freely orienting when the area per one molecule is large, and the orientation becomes the more vertical, the more the monolayer is compresssed. The molecular orientations during this compression process were described quantitatively.


This article describes the complementary roles of Registered Occupational Therapists and Certified Occupational Therapy Assistants working in an inpatient child psychiatry unit. Collaborative functions include assessment, treatment, program development and evaluation, and supervision. Supervisory strategies are also described.


An ontology based search engine helps in identifying the most efficient and useful result for the input query. The result produced by the ontology based search engines are purely based on the literal meaning of the word in the given sentence. It does not take the keyword in the given sentence; instead it takes the meaning of the query submitted. There are many kind of techniques followed in implementing the ontology based search engines. Here, in this paper we identify the some of the techniques to be used in developing the search engine. All of the techniques are different from one other and that the efficiency is also different. These techniques form a special pattern of accuracy and they are disused in the paper. The difference in the working of the keyword based search engines and the ontology based search engines are shown with examples. Also the ontology based search engine that is build up using the fuzzy logic ontology is considered here. An ontology based search engine that is developed in many steps with the help of multi crawlers is also taken into cconsideration.


Flyash of low and high carbon contents have been used for the removal of two basic dyes, methylene blue and malachite green from waste water. About 100% removal has been observed for both the dyes at the initial concentration below 20 mg/L for flyash having higher carbon content. Effects of initial dye concentration, contact time, pH, particle size, speed of agitation and temperature are studied. Removal of dyes has been found to increase with increase in dye concentration. Higher removal has been observed with increasing pH and speed of agitation for both the dyes. Kinetics of removal has been found to follow the first order rate expression. The adsorption equilibrium data fitted both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms equally well. The column tests for the removal of methylene blue in fixed beds of fly ash have shown the applicability of BDST model. The breakthrough time had been found to increase with increase in bed height and decrease in flow rate.