The present invention is to refine the common process that is applied in the conventional method relates to a method of aluminum wheel dry plating, and is excellent in surface gloss of the aluminum wheel by adding a step, and excellent corrosion resistance and acid resistance of the salt or salt water corresponding to keuromhwil manufactured as thin as well as on the sputtering wheel manufacturing method according to a polishing cleaning to improve the ecological value, Specific resolution related means of sputtering wheel manufacturing method according to the present inventors abrasive cleaning, "Remove foreign matter on an aluminum wheel surface and tangse to remove waste materials, such as preliminary steps to enhance the adhesion of the coating and the aluminum wheel debris, oil on the surface, pre-degreasing, the degreased, the first and second water washing, neutralization, third and fourth primary washed with water, the film, the 5,6 primary washed with water, three pure water, and the pre-treatment step of the process proceeds in sequence, such as the Fidelity drying, the primer coating step with a coating of a polyester resin, an aluminum wheel surface the glow discharge after the pre-treatment (pretreatment) for applying a scratch on the surface is sputtered by using a (glow discharge) into the argon (Ar) inert gas into the vacuum chamber of an aluminum, titanium, chromium, any of the material of the stainless steel the released walk a negative voltage to the target from the cathode (cathode) electrons are ionized argon gas and the collision of the argon atoms and aluminum wheel surface momentum exchange protruding from the Sputtering for forming a thin film on an aluminum wheel surface and a series of processing (Posttreatment) after which the thin film formed on an aluminum wheel surface coating sputtered thin films of silicon (SiO The primer coating step, 15 to 90% polyester resin and epoxy resin to a powdered mixture for the coating mix jet air pressure (Total Air Volume) 3-6㎏f / ㎠, the discharge amount (Power Output), generating a current of 10 to sikimyeo by applying a corona electrostatic coating to 50㎂ dried for 10 minutes at 230 ± 10 ℃ in a drying furnace, a polishing step of polishing between the primer coating step and the sputtering step, using a 400 room sand paper in order to improve the surface after the powder coating and , injecting hot water of 55 ± 10 ℃ that for removing the pollutants generated in the polishing step and the cleaning step of tangse injection pressure over 0.5kgf / ㎠, a surface active agent in water 5-10% diluent by mixing 55 ± 10 degreasing step, and the injection pressure 1.0 ~ 2.0kgf / ㎠, purity (specific resistance) by spraying on an aluminum wheel surface a liquid detergent of ℃ the injection pressure 1.0 ~ 2.0kgf / ㎠ to remove the contaminants of the aluminum wheel surface 0.5㏁ / ㎝ or more ion Those that contain an additional abrasive cleaning step consisting of the water remaining on the aluminum wheel and a pure three steps of using the number of exchanges and finally washed with an aluminum wheel surface, in a temperature 140 ± 10 ℃ to Fidelity drying step to completely remove, Using the acrylic powder in the top coat stage and corona electrostatic the acrylic powder to the air pressure 4.0 ~ 5.0kgf / ㎠, the discharge amount (Power Output) 35 ~ 70%, the electrostatic force 35 ~ 60kv, generated current (Output current) 30 ~ 60㎂ and the one which is applied to the paint drying oven at a drying temperature of 230 ± 10 ℃ "in that the constructive features. Sputtering wheel manufacturing method according to the present inventors abrasive cleaning constructed as described above is of course going to the manufacturer to the surface of the aluminum wheel gloss and excellent corrosion resistance and acid resistance of the salt or brine, the wear resistance is excellent in response to keuromhwil and improve the eco-value can. Pre-treatment step, the primer coating step, abrasive cleaning step, a sputtering step, the resolution step.


The Merrimac Free Ferry carries Wisconsin SR 113 traffic across the south end of Lake Wisconsin on the Wisconsin River at Merrimac, Wisconsin. The 80-ft (24.4-m) long three-lane ferry has been in operation since 1963. Recent inspections uncovered fatigue cracks at several locations in the hull. The Infrastructure Technology Institute of Northwestern University under contract to Wisconsin Department of Transportation installed strain gages and a remote monitoring system on the boat to allow data to be gathered on the effects of live traffic and wind loading. This paper describes the installation and operation of the remote monitoring system and the results of the data analysis to date.


As the country progresses from a developing country to a developed nation, the rate of construction will increase to improve infrastructure as well as the people's standard of living. However, as amount of projects increases and gets more complex, there are bound to be a certain degree of disputes between parties in the construction. Resolution of disputes can be as complex as the cause itself, costing the disputing parties even more time and money from the budgeted amount. The study presents a review and comparison on awareness and perception on Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) methods according to the Malaysian PAM form of contract. In lieu with this, the first objective of this research is to determine the level of awareness of Alternative Dispute Resolution of contractors utilising the PAM form of contract. The level of awareness and perception of contractors may not be linked to one another because contractor's perception may be influenced by other factors as well other than awareness alone. Therefore, the current research also aims to identify the perception of contractors towards ADR as the second objective. The sampling involves non-probability sampling technique and include triangulation of data for both research objectives. The first objective on perception utilises semi-structured interview with 6 respondents while the second objective on awareness uses a self-administered questionnaire for data collection. The data were analysed using descriptive analysis by coding and data entry into SPSS for tabulation of data and statistical scores. Results revealed that there is high awareness among contractors in the aspects identified as categories of awareness, namely deciding, planning and preventing. Despite the high level of awareness, contractors were found to have negative perception on ADR as it was seen as adversarial in nature that consumes a lot of time and money and more importantly it severely damages business relationship between disputing parties. It
x
was described as not a 'businessman point of view' in a company. These findings implied that the current low level of ADR proceedings was not related to the level of awareness; however the perception of ADR was the deciding factor for contractors involved in a dispute. The contractors are well aware of the process and enforceability of decisions but the main concern is to have a resolution method whereby both parties are willing to sacrifice to achieve a compromise instead of a method where winner takes all.


An efficient palladium/copper-catalyzed approach to the synthesis of highly substituted 3-formyl furans from the reactions of readily available α-bromoenaminones with terminal alkynes has been developed. This methodology was realized by the cascade reactions of Sonogashira coupling and the subsequent intramolecular cyclization.


Abstract This paper investigates India's nationwide health reform to understand its various channels of effect. The reform entitled socio-economically backward mothers with cash transfer if they chose to give birth at public health institutions, and simultaneously employed ASHAs as a direct link between pregnant women and the public healthcare delivery system. Using variations in mothers' eligibility and differential implementation of ASHAs across states, birth-related outcomes are evaluated in a difference-in-difference framework. Results show that eligible mothers with both cash transfer and ASHA's guidance outperformed those receiving only cash transfer, in institutional birth rate and timely initiation of breastfeeding. An improved outcome in the ASHA's presence alongside the conditional cash transfer argues for the vitality of the former's role in spreading information on the importance of health and the uptake of public healthcare.


A grievance may be defined as any dispute that arises between an employer and employee, which relates to the implied or explicit terms of the employment agreement (Britton, 1982:12). The validity of a grievance depends upon whether or not there is "just cause" or reason for such complaint. Certain tests are used in determining whether a company had just cause for disciplining an employee (BNA Editorial Staff, 1959‐1987:1). Anyone having an affiliation with an organisation can file a grievance on behalf of or against that organisation. Some of the most common complaints by employees include unfair treatment by the employer, broken employment agreement, and employer communications and defamation. The most common employers' complaints are absenteeism, insubordination, misconduct, substance abuse, unsatisfactory performance, and safety and health violations. For grievance handling to be effective, the employer has to follow certain guidelines. In disciplining employees, management should mainly use penalties such as warnings, suspensions, and discharge (BNA Editorial Staff, 1959‐1987:11).


This paper deals with the patterns of Korean religions including Christianity and Buddhism in terms of the effort s for th e peaceful reunification of...


Introduction A diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia may be delayed or missed because early symptoms may develop gradually and can mimic symptoms of a variety of disorders or conditions. We aimed to write a report on a patient with frontotemporal dementia with bipolar disorder. Case report This is the case of a 63-year-old man with frontotemporal dementia whose presentation was consistent with bipolar affective disorder. With brain imaging and neurocognitive testing, frontotemporal dementia was diagnosed. Conclusion A differential diagnosis between bipolar disorder and frontotemporal dementia is difficult to establish. Frontotemporal dementia is a heterogeneous disease with a large variety of cognitive dysfunctions. Introduction Frontotemporal dementias (FTDs) are defined as the second most common cause for dementias under the age of 65 after Alzheimer's disease and the third most common cause for neurodegenerative dementias after Alzheimer's and Lewy body dementia1. FTD starts between the ages of 45–65 years and is seen equally in both genders2,3. The average life expectancy from onset of the disease ranges from 6–9 years2,3. FTD belongs to a group of heterogeneous diseases with different clinical and pathological findings4. FTD has three different subtypes including a behavioural variant, a semantic variant and a progressive, nonfluent aphasia5. In the behavioural variant, changes in eating habits6, loss of empathy, behavioural disinhibition, loss of social awareness, inappropriate affect, apathy and stereotypical behaviours, can be seen7. Brain imaging studies revealed—when the temporal region is affected—a significant decrease in emotional processing, disaffection in interpersonal relations, inappropriate social behaviours, jokes with sexual content, hypomanic-like behaviours and—when the frontal area is affected—apathy, reduction in social activity and tendency for criminal behaviours8,9. In FTD, mood, behaviour and speech disorders are seen before the memory impairment; thus, clinically heterogeneous symptoms may lead to misdiagnosis with psychiatric disorders. In this article, we have presented a case of a man who was misdiagnosed with late-onset bipolar disorder, but then diagnosed with FTD after neuropsychiatric examination, neuroimaging and neurocognitive testing.


This paper presents a recursive method for the computation of sequential competitive equilibria in dynamic models with heterogeneous agents and market frictions. This computational method builds on a convergent operator defined over an expanded set of state variables for which a Markovian equilibrium solution is shown to exist. We apply this method to a stochastic growth economy and two financial economies.


The objective of this paper has been the study of the possibility to enhance the properties of activated carbon (AC) for using it in respiratory protective devices for ammonia removal from the air. The commercial AC samples were oxidized with different amounts of 10% and 15% sulphuric acid solutions. The acid treated AC samples were the loaded with copper sulphate with twofold impregnation by the incipient wetness method. The impregnated AC was tested in a packed bed in the gas filter with a diameter of 105 mm and a bed depth ranging from 29 mm to 41 mm under the following test conditions inlet concentration of ammonia was 3,5 mg/dm3, flow rate of 30 dm3/min at 70% relative humidity and ambient temperature. The breakthrough was detected qualitatively by the phenolphtalein indicator paper. The new impregnated AC reached the breaktrough time of 108 min for a 29 mm bed depth, and 160 min for a bed depth of 41 mm.


BACKGROUND
Management of breech presentation is controversial, both in regard to manipulation of the position of the fetus and the method of delivery. External cephalic version may reduce the number of breech presentations and caesarean sections, but there also have been reports of increased perinatal mortality with the procedure.

OBJECTIVES
The objective of this review was to assess the effects of external cephalic version at term on measures of pregnancy outcome.

SEARCH STRATEGY
The Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth trials register was searched. Date of last search: October 1997.

SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised trials of external cephalic version at term (with or without tocolysis) compared with no attempt at external cephalic version in women with breech presentation.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Eligibility and trial quality were assessed by GJH and checked by RK.

MAIN RESULTS
Six studies were included. External cephalic version at term was associated with a significant reduction in non-cephalic births (relative risk 0.42, 95% confidence interval 0.35 to 0.50) and caesarean section (relative risk 0.52, 95% confidence interval 0.39 to 0.71). There was no significant effect on perinatal mortality (relative risk 0.44, 95% confidence interval 0.07 to 2.92).

REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS
Attempting cephalic version at term appears to reduce the chance of non-cephalic births and caesarean section. There is not enough evidence to assess any risks of external cephalic version at term.


&NA; A 31‐year‐old woman developed a disabling obturator neuropathy as a result of a difficult delivery. This was successfully diagnosed and treated by obturator nerve blocks with anesthetic and steroid at the obturator foramen. (Obstet Gynecol 64:47S, 1984)


Ultrashort pulsed laser photoinscription of Ti:Sapphire crystals may result in the self-organization of nanoscale material redistribution regions in regular patterns within the laser trace and stress-induced birefringence around the laser trace. We report on the formation of anisotropic optical waveguides in Ti:Sapphire by a procedure that involves femtosecond laser inscription of adjacent nonguiding birefringent traces with nanopatterned crosssections and the accumulation of stress birefringence in the region between. Double parallel line structures with a separation of 25µm with vertical and horizontal nanoscale arrangements were written with a choice of orthogonal polarizations. Due to anisotropic light scattering on periodic nanostructures and stress-induced birefringence in the central zone, remarkable polarization dependent guiding effects were observed as a function of the microscopic geometry of the structures. Building on this polarization sensitivity, several structure such as 3 × 3 waveguide arrays, diamond and hexagon patterns are also investigated. Optical waveguide fabrication in z-cut lithium niobate (LiNbO3) using femtosecond pulses in the low repetition rate regime, " Appl. Femtosecond laser-written quasi-phase-matched waveguides in lithium niobate, " Appl. Self-organized nanogratings in glass irradiated by ultrashort light pulses, " Phys. " Optically produced arrays of planar nanostructures inside fused silica, " Phys. Ultrafast laser photoinscription of polarization sensitive devices in bulk silica glass, " Opt. Applications of femtosecond laser induced self-organized planar nanocracks inside fused silica glass, " Laser Photon. Nanosize structural modifications with polarization functions in ultrafast laser irradiated bulk fused silica, " Opt.and nanostructures inside sapphire by fs-laser irradiation and selective etching, " Opt. Femtosecond-irradiation-induced refractive-index changes and channel waveguiding in bulk Ti 3+ :Sapphire, " Appl. Flipping the sign of refractive index changes in ultrafast and temporally shaped laser-irradiated borosilicate crown optical glass at high repetition rates, " Phys. Thermal and optical properties of the femtosecond-laser-structured and stress-induced birefringent regions in sapphire, " Opt. Laser-induced microexplosion confined in the bulk of a sapphire crystal: evidence of multimegabar pressures, " Phys. Filamentation and damage in fused silica induced by tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses, " Phys. Dependence of the femtosecond laser refractive index change thresholds on the chemical composition of doped-silica glasses, " Opt. Mater. Nano-modification inside transparent materials by femtosecond laser single beam, " Mod. Formation of amorphous sapphire by a femtosecond laser pulse induced micro-explosion, " Appl.


Livestock production has shifted to much larger farms over time. We fi rst describe those changes in size at the aggregate level, by comparing the hog, broiler, dairy, and fed-cattle industries. But each industry has also undergone important changes in how production is organized. Farms, while larger, are more likely to specialize in one stage of production and may be tied to other stages through complex contractual relationships. Size, specialization, and contractual relationships infl uence the technologies adopted by farm operators as well as the manner in which they are compensated. We describe those elements of structural change industry by industry.


Objective To analyze the clinical effect of endometriosis treated by combination of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. Methods Sixty patients with endometriosis who had been treated in our hospital from January 2006 to March 2013 were selected as the research objects and were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group. The patients of two groups were given Mifepristone oral treatment from the 5th of menstrual cycle. On the basis of this, the patients of the experimental group were added traditional Chinese medicine treatment. The therapeutic effect of two groups were observed after three months of treatment. Results The total effective rate of the experimental group was 73.3%, while that of the control group was 50.0%, the difference was statistically significance between two groups(P 0.05). The recurrence rate after one year in experimental group was 3.3%, while that in the control group was 16.7%, the difference was statistically significance between two groups(P 0.05). 15 patients were complicated with infertility before the treatment in the experimental group, of which 7 patients got pregnant within a year.While 14 patients were complicated with infertility before the treatment in the control group, of which 2 patients got pregnant within a year. The difference was statistically significance between two groups(P 0.05). Conclusion On the basis of mifepristone, using traditional Chinese medicine decoction to treat endometriosis has obvious curative effect. It is worthy of popularization and application in clinic.


Thermoplastic shape memory polyurethane is a "smart" material that is able to return to its original shape from a large strain deformed shape by exposing it to a thermal stimulus. This total reversibility is possible over several thermomechanical cycles. In order to explore this performance in a smart mechanical system, a finite strain thermo-viscoelastic model is proposed to describe the shape memory effect in large strain. The identification of the parameters of this model is carried out on the basis of thermomechanical tests (Dynamic Mechanical analysis DMA, tensile-relaxation in temperature, free and constrained recovery tests). The formulated constitutive model which decoupled the hyperelastic stress and the viscoelastic overstress is implemented in the numerical simulation software Comsol Multiphysics. The results of the simulation show a very good agreement with the experimental response of the material during several shape memory cycles.


Audio signal-coding scheme to a set of transform coefficients representing the frequency range, with a harmonic model to parameterize the relationship between the location of the areas of significant energy in the frequency domain.


A joint experimental/theoretical investigation on the characteristics of argon plasmas produced in GyM magnetic linear device has been carried out, comparing the measured electron energy distribution function (EEDF) with the distribution resulting from a self-consistent state-to-state kinetic model coupling the chemistry of inelastic and reactive collisional processes with the Boltzmann equation for free electrons. A preliminary comparison between the theoretically simulated and experimentally measured electron temperature shows a reasonable agreement.


SUMMARY Nine field experiments with sugar beet in 1968–70 tested eight amounts of nitrogen fertilizer (0–290 kg N/ha) on a shallow calcareous loam (Icknield Series), on a deep sandy loam (Newport Series) and on a heavy clay loam (Evesham Series). Top soils and subsoils, sampled during autumn, winter and spring before the experiments, were analysed by several methods for available and potentially-available nitrogen. The largest increases in potentially-available mineral-nitrogen shown by incubation occurred in the calcareous loams every year in both top soil and sub-soil, and the sandy loam, particularly the sub-soil, generally produced least. Attempts to forecast the optimum nitrogen fertilizer dressing from the soil analyses were moderately successful, the best technique being anaerobic incubation of air-dry soil; the date of sampling had little effect. The optimum dressings were always between 0 and 125 kgN/ha, the calcareous loams generally needing least nitrogen fertilizer and the loamy sands most.


According to the discovery of archaeology,the earliest art of engraving characters is the engraver Jiahu in Wuyang Henan Province over 8600 years ago.From Shang Dynasty to Han and Wei Dynasties,the culture of engraving characters developed very fast.The materials used in engraving developed from tortoise-shell and stones to metals and so on.The art of engraving characters can be divided into five classifications:tablet,seal,couplet,plaque and modern engrave.


Brominated natural indoles are frequently reported metabolites of marine seaweeds. The bryozoan Flustra foliacea has been a rich source of brominated indole alkaloids bearing prenyl or isoprenyl substituents at various positions. Because interest in the chemistry of these marine alkaloids is steadily growing and shows unique promise in the discovery of new important medicinal drugs, the methods which have been employed towards their total synthesis are reviewed in detail.


Analyzing the reason of the divergence of traditional iterative method using in schedule design of strip cold rolling.It was indicated that max difference method could solve this puzzledom,the iterative algorithm will converge to the desired result.Using explicit formula to calculate the rolling force,the optimization schedule could be obtained accurately and quickly for all kinds of object functions.An example was also illustrated that the satisfied schedule could be got after 13 iterative calculations with a precision of 7% but only a precision of 20% could be obtained with simple FEM(finite element method).


A filter-diagonalization scheme based on the Lanczos tridiagonalization algorithm is proposed for the determination of highly excited eigenstates in a prespecified energy range. Filtered states localized in the energy domain can be generated during the Lanczos iteration by forward substitution which formally corresponds to a Green function filter. Eigenstates in the energy range of interest are then obtained by diagonalizing a small Hamiltonian matrix in a subspace spanned by the filtered states. It is shown that the accuracy of this approach is affected neither by the loss of orthogonality among the Lanczos states nor by the instability in the forward substitution. Since the filtered states are assembled while the Lanczos states are generated, no storage of the Lanczos states is needed. The computational savings can be significant in calculating high energy eigenstates of large systems. The proposed scheme is shown numerically to have comparable accuracy with the basic Lanczos method.


The essay is devoted to an analysis of the contributions gathered in this issue of JEMS . It begins with the scarcity (or total absence) of literary archives and autograph manuscripts for the English playwrights of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries (and among them Shakespeare). Such a diagnosis leads to stress the conditions ruling the composition and publication of plays: collaborative writing, reuse of the same stories and commonplaces, use of the author's name as a commodity, publication based on memorial reconstruction, prompt books, or corrupted copies, etc. The consequences of these practices (so different from the romantic textual ideology of the author's singularity, originality and propriety) are discussed in relation with the criticism of the traditional criteria of attribution studies and the operations necessary for writing the literary biography of an author without (literary) archives and (quite) any autograph remains (whence the discussion about Shakespeare's signatures, his holograph – or not – will, and his hand in the manuscript of Sir Thomas More ). Two perspectives could enrich these issues: on the one hand, a literary geography of Shakespeare's works mapping the publication and circulation of the performances, editions, and later translations of his plays; on the other hand, comparative approaches locating the specificity (or not) of English drama and Shakespeare's plays within the European context of Spanish comedias and Italian commedia dell'arte .


Motion tracking system can be an electric eye to detect the surface electromyography (EMG) and eye movement detection method for detecting a muscle movements using (EOG) detection method accurately capture the subtle facial and eye movements. Signal corresponding to the detected eye movement muscles, and are used to control the animated character to indicate that the same movement as that performed by the agent. Examples of animated motion tracking system comprises a plurality of pairs of EMG electrodes attached to the skin surface of the actor at a plurality of locations corresponding to the muscles, and the processor is coupled to a plurality of interlocking pairs of EMG electrodes. The processor includes programming instructions for performing the step of obtaining the EMG data from the plurality of EMG electrode pair. The EMG data, including the electrical signals corresponding to muscle movements of the actors for action. The programming instruction further comprises the step of mapping the digital model and the step of processing the EMG data to provide a digital model of a muscle movement in the animated character. In yet another embodiment, the plurality of EOG electrode pairs of the present invention is attached to the skin surface of the actors in the position adjacent to the eye of the actors. The processor is coupled to a plurality of interlocking EOG electrode pairs, further comprising the programming instructions for performing the step of obtaining data from a plurality of EOG EOG electrode pair. And EOG data comprises an electrical signal corresponding to the eye movement of the actor during the actions. And program instructions comprising the step of mapping the EOG data-processing the EOG data and processing in a more animated character. As a result, the animated character will exhibit the same muscle, and eye motion and the actors. EMG (electromyography; EMG) electrode, electric eye also (electrooculogram; EOG) electrode, a motion tracking processor (motion tracking processor), electrode interface,


In this paper, we propose efficient techniques and architectures for realizing spatial-downscaling transcoders in the DCT domain. We also present methods for re-sampling motion vectors and determining coding modes. We propose a novel drift-free architecture which simplifies the cascaded DCT-domain downscaling transcoder (CDDT) by integrating the downscaling process into the DCT-domain motion compensation (DCT-MC) operation for B frames, thus reducing the computation for DCT-MC and downscaling. We also propose another scheme to further reduce the computation which may introduce drift errors. Experimental results show that the two proposed schemes can achieve significant computation reduction compared with the original CDDT without any degradation or with introducing acceptable quality degradation, respectively.


With the development of smart grid, the intelligent low voltage apparatus also gradually accepted by people, as well as the higher request about the intelligent detection system for operating frequency of approach switch. The present conditions, a new key technology and the developmental prospects of the intelligent detection system for operating frequency of approach switch are discussed in this article.


Bioluminescence has been hypothesized as aposematic signalling, intersexual communication and a predatory strategy, but origins and relationships among bioluminescent beetles have been contentious. We reconstruct the phylogeny of the bioluminescent elateroid beetles (i.e. Elateridae, Lampyridae, Phengodidae and Rhagophthalmidae), analysing genomic data of Sinopyrophorus Bi & Li, and in light of our phylogenetic results, we erect Sinopyrophoridae Bi & Li, stat.n. as a clicking elaterid‐like sister group of the soft‐bodied bioluminescent elateroid beetles, that is, Lampyridae, Phengodidae and Rhagophthalmidae. We suggest a single origin of bioluminescence for these four families, designated as the 'lampyroid clade', and examine the origins of bioluminescence in the terminal lineages of click beetles (Elateridae). The soft‐bodied bioluminescent lineages originated from the fully sclerotized elateroids as a derived clade with clicking Sinopyrophorus and Elateridae as their serial sister groups. This relationship indicates that the bioluminescent soft‐bodied elateroids are modified click beetles. We assume that bioluminescence was not present in the most recent common ancestor of Elateridae and the lampyroid clade and it evolved among this group with some delay, at the latest in the mid‐Cretaceous period, presumably in eastern Laurasia. The delimitation and internal structure of the elaterid‐lampyroid clade provides a phylogenetic framework for further studies on the genomic variation underlying the evolution of bioluminescence.


The present invention discloses a high-voltage detecting station apparatus, comprising a disk base, said disk base is provided on the boss, the boss is provided with a stepping motor, the power output of the stepping motor is provided detection platform, the platform topside detecting a plurality of detection terminals provided in a circle arc length, etc., the intermediate platform is provided with the detection circuit resting column, the top of the column is provided with an antenna circuit resting box; further comprising temperature detecting heat source and an electric field intensity detector; communication antenna provided in the antenna box; the detector will also detect rotation, which can effectively ensure the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the probe, the heat source temperature sensor for detecting a temperature abnormality raised in order to prevent a fire hazard situation, the electric field strength detector for detecting a change in electric field intensity, the voltage caused by the temporary short circuit can be enhanced so that it is easier to detect, in addition, high electrical performance of the antenna, the detection accuracy of the present apparatus provides a strong guarantee.


In paying posthumous homage to Ladislao Reti, Bern Dibner made reference to the articles Reti published in this journal concerning the remarkable manuscript ofJuanelo Turriano preserved in the Madrid National Library.1 This manuscript, the Turriano Codex, owes its vital importance to the fact that it is the earliest known treatise on hydraulic engineering. It is, furthermore, of a high technical standard, to the extent that its author may be fairly described as a "rationalist." He bases his arguments, wherever possible, on his own experimental deductions, instead of on tradition; he thus applies to technology that philosophy of science which was born during the Renaissance.


Balance in the covariate distributions is crucial for an unconfounded descriptive or causal comparison between different groups. However, lack of overlap in the covariates is common in observational studies. This article focuses on weighting strategies for balancing covariates. We propose a general class of weights---the balancing weights---that balance the expectation of the covariates in the treatment and the control groups. The framework is closely related to propensity score and includes several existing weights, such as the inverse-probability weight, as special cases. In particular, we advocate a new type of weight---the overlap weight---that leads to a comparison for the target population with the most overlap in the covariates between two groups. We show that the overlap weight minimizes the asymptotic variances of the weighted average treatment effect among the class of balancing weights and also possesses desirable small-sample property. Simulated and real examples are presented to illustrate the method and compare with the existing approaches.


The nature of learners' interactions with the computer has received thus far relatively little attention in computer assisted language learning (CALL) research. In particular, few studies have investigated the role of metacognition, acknowledged in cognitive and constructivist learning theories as an important factor contributing to the learning outcome, in the processing of CALL tasks. This chapter reports on a qualitative study that examined the relationship between subjects' metacognition and their interactions with a German language CALL grammar exercise. The data collected seem to indicate that the effective use of interactive aids is dependent on the extent of learners' metacognitive knowledge. Conversely, it was observed that interactive aids had a positive effect on learners' metacognition by supporting their strategy use and helping them build new metacognitive knowledge. Excerpts from subjects' think-aloud reports and retrospective interviews will be presented to illustrate these insights. 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200, Hershey PA 17033, USA Tel: 717/533-8845; Fax 717/533-8661; URL-http://www.idea-group.com ITB12480 INFORMATION SCIENCE PUBLISHING This chapter appears in the book, User-Centered Computer Aided Language Learning edited by Panayiotis Zaphiris © 2006, Idea Group Inc.


To advance our log Hodge theory, we introduce log real analytic functions and log $C^{\infty}$ functions, define how to integrate them, and prove the log Poincar\'e lemma. We give better understandings of the degeneration of Hodge structure, including a geometric interpretation of the theory of $SL(2)$-orbits.


We describe a novel algorithm for an open-domain trending hashtag recommendation task using zero-shot hashtag prediction in an online learning paradigm. Our method utilizes joint representation learning of latent embeddings for features extracted from long-form videos and semantic embeddings of hashtags trending on social platforms. In particular, we apply graph convolutional networks to a link prediction task using videos and hashtags as nodes in a heterogeneous graph. Comparing it to the existing models for closely related tasks, we demonstrate state-of-the-art results in trending hashtag recommendations for videos. The architecture is designed to be modular in a plug-and-play fashion to enable quick and easy incorporation of the latest advances in natural language understanding and image and video processing, with a practical view to its implementation in a real-time, online setting.


Abstract Public health measures enacted to mitigate the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) have dampened economic activity by shuttering businesses that provide 'nonessential' goods and services. Not surprisingly, these actions directly impacted demand for nonessential goods and services, but the full impact of this shock on the broader economy will depend on the nature and strength of value chains. In a world where production chains are increasingly fragmented, a shock in one industry (or a group of industries) in one country will affect other domestic industries as well as international trade, leading to impacts on production in other countries. We employ the World Input–Output Database to depict the interdependencies among both industries and countries, which provides a full representation of global value chains. By assuming a homogeneous impact on demand for nonessential goods and services around the world, we demonstrate asymmetric effects on production by industry and international trade, leading to asymmetric relative impacts on national economies. Our results indicate that if demand for nonessential goods and services decreases by 50%, the global gross domestic product will decline by 23%, leading to relative impacts that are larger in China, Indonesia, and some European countries. Also, international trade declines by almost 30%, largely due to a reduction in economic activity associated with the production of raw materials and certain types of manufacturing. This work highlights the relevancy of going beyond measuring the direct effects of COVID‐19 and provides insights into how international trade linkages will induce broader economic impacts across the globe.


search for evidence of infection, especially leptospirosis, was negative. Clinical findings and laboratory data were normal by day 25, and are still normal 3 months later. This course is consistent with mild HFRS, a diagnosis confirmed by serological tests (table i). This new case, 500 km from the earlier ones, confirms that HFRS virus could be widespread in France. This patient was in close contact with wild rodents-but was virus transmission airborne, as is usually thought, or through the bite? Contamination from the bite is consistent with the demonstration of virus in saliva of infected rodents,12 and HFRS should be considered when infection, even in mild form, develops 2-4 weeks after a rodent bite. Desmyter et all' described three cases of HFRS in Belgium in staff


Background: Parenting is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood. Parenting is a complex activity that includes much specific behavior that works individually or together to influence child's outcomes.Methods: It is prospective observational study carried out in the Department of Pediatrics, Shyam Shah Medical College and associated Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India during the period from July 2008 to June 2010. Parents were interviewed with predesigned proforma. Parenting was graded in to three grades (1, 2 and 3) according to the performance of parents in various aspects of parenting.Results: In this study, 60 parents had 155 children constituting 2.5 children per family and male to female ratio was 1.18:1. We observed that literate parents performed well in all aspects of parenting (i.e. behavioral, physical, emotional, mental, spiritual, nutritional), but illiterate parents could not score on these points especially in spiritual and nutritional aspects. 33% graduate parents fulfilled the criteria for grade 3 parenting in nutritional aspects, 55% intermediate passed parents in nutritional aspects were in grade 3, whereas there were more than 50% parents in behavioral, physical and emotional aspects who had education level up to primary class.Conclusions: Educational status of parents has a positive impact on almost all aspects of parenting and the educational status of mothers appeared to be even more influential. Socioeconomic status of parents and residential area have a great influence on all aspects of parenting.


Abstract : This report describes an experimental study to measure the pressure caused by fluid acceleration beneath a floating parallelepiped block. Dynamic fluid pressure was measured at discrete points beneath the block for several flow velocities, flow depths, block angles of attack and block-thickness-to-depth ratios. The measured pressures were used to calculate block underturning moments, and a hydrostatic analysis was used to calculate a block righting moment. From this, a densimetric Froude undertuming criterion is presented. The measured hydrodynamic pressure distribution on the bottom of a single model ice floe is used to estimate the dynamic stability at three thickness-to-depth ratios. The energy-based analysis details the conditions required for instability, metastability and stability. At three thickness-to-depth ratios, block rotational inertia has the effect of reducing the Froude stability number by 5 to 10% over a completely static stability criterion. (MM)


Methods: Th is case examined treatment with mesalamine granules of a patient who had discontinued biologic therapy because of fl ares. Results: A 59-year-old male with long-standing UC (initially diagnosed in 1987 with maximum extent of pancolitis) was referred for evaluation in 2007. Th e patient presented with moderate-to-severe ulcerative pancolitis and had symptoms of a fl are, including weight loss, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, for the preceding 2 years. Th e patient failed to respond to long-term treatment (~2 years) with biologic therapy, and colonoscopy suggested severe ulcerative pancolitis with areas of pseudopolyps (partial Mayo score of 5). Treatment was initiated with mesalamine granules 1.5 g/d (to test tolerance based on a previous rash reaction to another mesalamine product) and prednisone 40 mg/d, with a quick taper off of steroids within 1 month. Signifi cant improvement was noted aft er 1 week of therapy (eg, decrease in stool frequency from 12 to 3 per day), at which time the dosage of mesalamine granules was increased to 3.0 g/d. Th e patient did not experience a fl are during the next 6 months and currently remains in clinical remission. Repeat colonoscopy demonstrated marked endoscopic improvement. Th e patient decreased the dosage of mesalamine granules to 2.25 g/d for maintenance of remission and has not required any additional UC therapy. Conclusion: Although originally considered a surgical candidate, this patient achieved remission with evidence of mucosal healing aft er transition from biologic therapy to mesalamine granules. Th is case suggests that mesalamine granules may provide a therapeutic benefi t in patients with active ulcerative colitis failing biologic therapy, warranting further investigation. Disclosure: Dr Gordon Other fi nancial benefi t, Speaking, Consulting and Grant/ Research Support: Salix Pharmaceuticals, Inc.


Bearing unit (1; 2; 3) having at least two adjacent wheel bearings (8; 9; 11; 13) in a hub (4; 10) and on a journal (5; 6; 7), each of said wheel bearing (8; 9; 11) of at least one outer ring (17; 29) and from a number (from the outer ring 17; Covered 29) tapered rollers (15) is formed, and wherein the outer rings (17; 29) in the wheel hub (4; 10) are against each other and at least partly axially biased towards each other, characterized in that each of the outer rings (17; 29) can sit and the wheel bearings (13 8; 9;; 11) has a radially inwardly toward the rotational axis of the wheel bearing unit (1; 2; 3) directed support board (27; 36), wherein at each of the support rims (27; 36) starts one of the rows axially.


Bulk superconducting MgB2 samples, 20 mm in diameter, were prepared by hot-pressing of ball-milled Mg and B powders using fine-grained boron powders. High maximum trapped fields of B0 = 5.4 T were obtained at 12 K in one of the investigated trapped field magnets (height 8 mm) at the centre of the bulk surface. Investigating the temperature dependence of the trapped field for short MgB2 samples (height ≤1.6 mm), trapped fields of up to B0 = 3.2 T at 15 K were achieved. These high trapped fields are related to extremely high critical current densities of up to 106 A cm−2 at 15 K, indicating strong pinning due to nanocrystalline MgB2 grains. Expected trapped field data for long trapped field magnets prepared from the available MgB2 material are estimated.


Strategies Clinic Managers Use to Reduce Missed Medical Appointments by Sophea Ey Skym MBA, University of Phoenix, 2011 MSN, University of Phoenix, 2011 BSN, Medical College of Virginia, 1998 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Business Administration Walden University July 2017 Abstract Patients who miss their medical appointments increase health care costs for themselves and for clinics. The purpose of this qualitative, single exploratory case study was to explore strategies health care clinic managers use to reduce medical no-shows for patientscheduled appointments. Change management theory guided the scope and analysis. The data collection included a single clinical operations manager who have strategies to mitigate no-shows for patient-scheduled appointments participated in a semistructured interview in southeastern Virginia, the direct observation of 2 office workers in their natural setting of scheduling appointments, and for methodological triangulation, a review of organizational archival documents about missed medical appointments. Member checking was used to strengthen the credibility and trustworthiness of analyses, which were carried out using Yin's 5-step analysis process. Major themes were forgetfulness and high deductible plan; minor themes were lead-time and inclement weather that lead to no-shows. This study explored the strategies necessary to reduce costs and increase revenues; it could free funds to provide services to patients, such as education and counseling support. The findings from this study could contribute to social change by adding new knowledge or informing the strategies to reduce medical noshows. These findings may also benefit organizational worth and increase community health.Patients who miss their medical appointments increase health care costs for themselves and for clinics. The purpose of this qualitative, single exploratory case study was to explore strategies health care clinic managers use to reduce medical no-shows for patientscheduled appointments. Change management theory guided the scope and analysis. The data collection included a single clinical operations manager who have strategies to mitigate no-shows for patient-scheduled appointments participated in a semistructured interview in southeastern Virginia, the direct observation of 2 office workers in their natural setting of scheduling appointments, and for methodological triangulation, a review of organizational archival documents about missed medical appointments. Member checking was used to strengthen the credibility and trustworthiness of analyses, which were carried out using Yin's 5-step analysis process. Major themes were forgetfulness and high deductible plan; minor themes were lead-time and inclement weather that lead to no-shows. This study explored the strategies necessary to reduce costs and increase revenues; it could free funds to provide services to patients, such as education and counseling support. The findings from this study could contribute to social change by adding new knowledge or informing the strategies to reduce medical noshows. These findings may also benefit organizational worth and increase community health. Strategies Clinic Managers Use to Reduce Missed Medical Appointments by Sophea Ey Skym MBA, University of Phoenix, 2011 MSN, University of Phoenix, 2011 BSN, Medical College of Virginia, 1998 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Business Administration Walden University July 2017 Dedication This is dedicated to Carl, my husband, who encouraged me to reach my terminal goal and to my parents, Phally and Khosar, who instilled the love of education. Acknowledgments A hearty thank-you to "Abby" and all the amazing people at the research site participated in the research study. Heartfelt thanks to all the faculty members: Dr. Gene Fusch, Dr. Freda Turner, Dr. Janet Booker, Dr. Carol-Anne Faint, librarians, and peers who have helped on this doctoral journey with kind words encouragement, and advices. You all made it all possible! I am especially indebted to Dr. Patricia Fusch. You have incorporated your knowledge, aptitudes, and support to me; for that, I am eternally grateful!


In insects, sexual communication by pheromones generally occurs within defined iel and seasonal periodicities; imilarly, olfactory host location by phytophagous and parasitic species tends to be restricted to particular daily and seasonal intervals. Freeland (1980) has proposed that volatiles released by plants occur in atmospheric concentrations sufficient tointerfere with location by olfactory cues of plant hosts and mates. This general hypothesis was based upon (1) the well-documented occurrence of plant-emitted hydrocarbons (e.g., OL-pinene, pinene, limonene, etc.) in the atmosphere; and (2) the assumption that these plant volatiles at natural concentrations interfere with host and pheromone-location behaviors. Freeland suggested that insect flight times (for these behaviors) might be tailored to those daily or seasonal atmospheric conditions, such as following rain, that maximize these "blinding effects" and that this constraint would be most important in the tropics where concentrations ofatmospheric hydrocarbons may be elevated perhaps 50-fold over concentrations intemperate regions. Other environmental conditions, including temperature, humidity, wind velocity, etc., also were recognized as important factors. Validation of this hypothesis, as Freeland noted, awaits experiments designed to simulate natural concentrations and blends of plant volatiles and to determine their effects upon olfactory location of hosts or mates. However, the currently available evidence does not suggest hat insects experience "difficulty" inperception and orientation totheir pheromones. By reviewing the evidence presented by Freeland I will consider his hypothesis as it relates to two distinct cases, those of pheromones and host plant volatiles interfering with insect orientation. Tahvanainen and Root's (1972) study on the effects of vegetational diversity upon a specialized chrysomelid herbivore of collards did not conclude that volatiles produced by nonhost (tomato and ragweed) plants were "blocking insect perception" of the host plant, in contrast o Freeland's citation (p. 738) of this study. Rather they suggested that reduced feeding on collards was the result of "repulsion" and possibly "feeding inhibition." The distinction between blocking perception and a repellent effect caused by nonhost volatiles is an important one, because blocking and repellency imply very different sensory reception and behavioral mechanisms. Presumably, repulsion is related to the nonhost and host volatiles together yielding the incorrect sensory coding patterns for attraction (Stddler 1980). Tahvanainen and Root (1972) suggest hat behavioral antagonism of host stimuli by nonhost stimuli may be widespread and that "neutral or repellent stimuli may dilute the potency of specific, host-finding cues" (p. 337). The general conclusion that nonhost volatiles may interfere with olfactory host location (Tahvanainen and Root 1972; Freeland 1980; Stadler 1980) is a reasonable hypothesis.


Significant benefits can be produced by a freeway traffic management system coupled with an effective incident response program. Some measures can be introduced without major increases in capital or operating budgets. Many of the more sophisticated measures will require a major ongoing budget commitment. It is noted that interagency cooperation, an openness to innovation, and a conviction that it is worthwhile to reduce motorist delay, are key ingredients to successful incident management. The article describes COMPASS, greater Toronto's freeway traffic management system. The system consists of 3 strategies: detection and confirmation; incident management; and motorist advisory. The details of each of these areas are described.


The Ecuadorian political system, on several occasions, has been the object of study due to its particularities, so after the variations it has suffered, it has been necessary to study and reevaluate it. The most recent variation has occurred after the Electoral Reform, through the creation of the Organic Electoral Law and Political Organizations of the Republic of Ecuador, Democracy Code. As its name indicates, the law was created in order to regulate the Ecuadorian political system. This academic work aims to perform an analysis and evaluation of changes within the electoral system and the Ecuadorian party system, following the creation of the so-called Code of Democracy. Additionally, through the theoretical application, determine if the electoral systems are the ones who define the party system (Duverger's law) or, on the contrary, the party system is what determines the electoral system (Colomer) in Ecuador. The importance of this research, lies in determining if the motivation for the creation of the aforementioned law has been met, which allows evaluating the effectiveness of the changes made and if these contributes to greater stability in the electoral system and the party system. To carry out the evaluation, it will be necessary to use mathematical formulas, such as the Effective Number of Political Parties, Vote Fragmentation, Vote Concentration and Volatility, that sustain the analysis of the theory. In this way the analysis will not be reduced to the theory, but on the contrary it will have a quantitative evaluation of the results after the reform.


The Tornado field lies in the northern area of the Judd Basin, West of Shetlands UKCS at approximately 1000m water depth. It is primarily a stratigraphic trap, defined by an amplitude anomaly on seismic data at Palaeocene Lamba level. As many amplitude anomalies previously drilled in the area proved to be unsuccessful the prospect was viewed as high risk. An extensive work programme was carried out to address these risks, including an analysis of the amplitude anomaly, a CSEM survey and the development of a geological model. The CSEM results and the seismic analysis predicted the presence of hydrocarbons in the prospect. This was supported by the geological work, which provided a basis for the key petroleum system requirements, particularly migration, reservoir and seal. Based on the results, a well was drilled in 2009 on the structure, proving the presence of both gas and oil. These results came in mostly as expected showing the value of the detailed analysis that had preceded the well. The Tornado discovery shows the importance of combining good geophysical work with a good geological model.


The Community-based VEGA Grid Operating System(VEGA GOS) is an environment and platform that support development and running of the grid applications.Combining with community that centralize the user and resource locally,we form a cross domain authorization model in subject,resource and operating space to solve the issues of versatile,autonomous control and easy-to-use in grid environment.This paper introduces the design and implementation of the community-based multi-grained authorization and access control mechanism,and take a measurement and analysis to the performance penalty due to the use of security mechanism.


Objective To ascertain the prevalence and clinical significance of small hyperechogenic foci detected in the fetal left ventricle in routine ultrasound screening of pregnant women attending our hospital.


The present invention discloses a melon corn cryogenic lyophilized powder is prepared from the following raw materials by weight: 160-180 melon, corn 20-30, hawthorn 3-4, 1-2 lily, broom 2 -3, dogwood 2-3, 1-2 Astragalus, mulberry 2-3, 1-2 kudzu root, chestnut leaf 2-3, paniculata 1-2, 2-3 Angelica, Chuanxiong 3-4, Guizhi 1-2, 7-8 barley flour, milk powder 4-5, konjac gum 0.4-0.6, salt and sea buckthorn oil amount; conveniently prepared by the invention melon corn flour edible, digestible and absorbed, unique scent having melon , long shelf life, easy to store and carry, with good rehydration powder can be reconstituted with water direct long-term consumption, with Yin lungs, stomach and digestion, detoxification, lipid-lowering diet, swelling of the diuretic effect.


An experiment was conducted at the screen house of the Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana during 2018–19 and 2019–20 to assess the impact of 5 different salinity levels [0.07 (control), 2.5, 4.0, 5.5, and 7.0 dS/m] on the seed germination and biomass of 9 citrus (Citrus spp.) rootstock seedlings (Rough lemon, Pectinifera, Cleopatra mandarin, Rangpur lime, Alemow, Volkamer lemon, NRCC-4, NRCC-3 and CRH-12). Experiment consisted of 45 treatment combinations and 3 replications in a completely randomized design (CRD). Under the influence of soil salinity, the number of days taken for seed germination, seed germination percentage, fresh and dry root and shoot biomass were adversely affected across all rootstocks compared to the control treatment (0.07 dS/m). Among the tested rootstocks, Volkamer lemon exhibited the highest seed germination rate (57%), followed by Rangpur lime (53%) and CRH-12 (50%). Conversely, Pectinifera showed the lowest seed germination percentage (37%), followed by Alemow (43%) at 7 dS/m. The minimum reduction at 7 dS/m over control in fresh shoot and root and dry shoot and root biomass was observed in Rangpur lime (37.7, 16.2, 27.8 and 27.3%, respectively), followed by Volkamer lemon (38.0, 16.2, 28.3 and 28.5%, respectively). On the other hand, Pectinifera exhibited the highest reduction in biomass (51.9, 40.5, 47.0 and 43.9%, respectively), followed by Alemow (45.7, 30.9, 46.5 and 39.9%, respectively). Among all the rootstocks, Rangpur lime, Volkamer lemon and Cleopatra mandarin displayed better tolerance to salinity, exhibiting relatively lower reduction in biomass at the highest salinity level (7 dS/m) compared to the control. Cleopatra mandarin, Rough lemon and NRCC-3 showed a moderate response, while Pectinifera, NRCC-4, and Alemow were found to be less tolerant, exhibiting higher reduction in terms of count of seed germination days, seed germination percentage, fresh and dry root biomass, and shoot biomass at 7 dS/m compared to the control treatment.


In this article, by making use of the Borel distributions series, we introduce a new family of normalized holomorphic functions in the open unit disk and investigate necessary and sufficient conditions for functions f to be in this new class. Furthermore, results on the modified Hadamard product, Hölder inequalities, and closure properties under integral transforms and subordination results are discussed in detail.


Capaurimine (2) was synthesised by a Mannich reaction of 8-benzyloxy-1-(4-benzyloxy-3-hydroxybenzyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline (16), followed by methylation of the Mannich base (6) and debenzylation of the resulting compound (9). The intramolecular Mannich reaction occurred preferentially at the position ortho to the hydroxy-group.The isolation of (±)-capaurimine together with (±)-kikemanine (4) and (±)-tetrahydropalmatine (5) from a quaternary basic fraction of Corydalis pallida var. tenuis(Yatabe) is also described.


T he events that have driven the gradual and progressive evolution of special education serve as a backdrop to understanding the foundation of the field and its ever-changing nature. Knowledge of this history is critical if we intend to make further progress. The philosophy of excluding students with disabilities from public school education can be traced back in legal history to 1893, when the Massachusetts Supreme Court upheld the expulsion of a student solely due to poor academic ability Wisconsin Supreme Court denied education to a student with cerebral palsy because he " produce[d] a depressing and nauseating effect upon the teachers and school children " (Smith, 2004). This is just one example of the widely accepted belief around the turn of the century that students with disabilities were best kept at the margins of society. The first significant court case to influence special education actually addressed racial segregation. In Brown v. Board of Education (1954), it was determined that segregation on the basis of race violated equal educational opportunity. The Brown decision led the way to a growing understanding that all people, regardless of race, gender, or disability, have a right to a public education. Although funding for special education programs and training increased following Brown, school districts still had the right to choose whether or not to participate in special education incentive programs throughout the mid-1960s (Smith, 2004). In 1965, with the passage of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, schools began receiving federal monies for public education. A year later, an amendment to the act set aside funds specifically for students with disabilities (Yell, Drasgow, Brad-ley, & Justesen, 2004). In 1973, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act stated that a person with a disability cannot be excluded or denied benefit from any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance , either public or private. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 requires the additional compliance of school districts and institutions that do not receive federal aid. As late as 1975, up to half of the estimated 8 million children with disabilities in the U.S. were either being inappropriately educated or fully excluded from the public school setting (Pulliam & Van Patten, 2006). Something had to be done to correct this situation, and the next major phase in the evolution of special education evolution came on Nov. 29, 1975, when President Gerald Ford signed the Education for All …


Phylogenetic trees based on multiple genomic loci enable us to estimate the evolution of functional constraints that operate on genes based on lineage-specific fluctuation of the evolutionary rate at particular gene loci, "gene–branch interactions". Using this information as predictors, our previous work inferred that the common ancestor of placental mammals was nocturnal, insectivorous, solitary, and bred seasonally. Here, we added seven new continuous traits including lifespan, bodyweight, and five reproduction-related traits and inferred the coevolution network of 14 core life history traits for 89 mammals. In this network, bodyweight and lifespan are not directly connected to each other; instead, their correlation is due to both of them coevolving with gestation period. Diurnal mammals are more likely to be monogamous than nocturnal mammals, while arboreal mammals tend to have a smaller litter size than terrestrial mammals. Coevolution between diet and the seasonal breeding behavior test shows that year-round breeding preceded the dietary change to omnivory, while seasonal breeding preceded the dietary change to carnivory. We also discuss the evolution of reproductive strategy of mammals. Genes selected as predictors were identified as well; for example, genes function as tumor suppressor were selected as predictors of weaning age.


A modification of the optical technique of impulsive stimulated thermal scattering that allows real‐time data acquisition is introduced. The method is used to characterize the pseudo‐Rayleigh acoustic modes of thin (∼1 μm) polyimide films attached to silicon substrates and its potential use as a means for extracting the elastic constants of thin‐film coatings is demonstrated.


An indomethacin topical spray was prepared using lecithin and a cholesterol derivative as a phospholipid complex in a film. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used as a film-forming agent. Cytotoxicity to the keratinocytes and fibroblast cells was performed. Drug penetration through keratinocytes was evaluated. The results reveal that the PVP concentration provided fine droplets under a microscope with a low contact angle (12.07∞-22.53∞). Incorporating PVP in the formulation reduced the hydrodynamic radius or size by 20 times. The SEM and TEM results showed smoother surfaces of the thin film for larger quantities of the PVP filmforming agent in the formulations. It also gave the highest drug penetration when the PVP was 0.5%. However, the film-forming agent can also act as a control release barrier. The percent viabilities of the human keratinocytes and fibroblasts were higher in the indomethacin spray phospholipid complex thin film formulation


The brain is the greatest gift from God. It has marveled thousands of brain experts worldwide but it has to be noted that the brain needs proper stimulation in order for it to perform to its maximum capacity. IQMA Training Sdn Bhd was
established with this aim in mind, that is, to enhance human development through training to give the brain maximum stimulation. Both the right and left parts of the
brain need to complement each other to produce a competent well rounded individual. Through the provision of training, IQMA hopes to develop emotionally and spiritually well-balanced competent individuals through its technique of using quick mental arithmetic calculation using the ten fingers and an abacus, aided by its human development modules. Nevertheless, being a tuition service by nature, IQMA needs to stand tall among its competitors in the industry.


To investigate the effect of health education on the mental and physical health of college students.Non-medicine-major college students were divided into health education intervention group(n=97) and control group(n=93). Those in the intervention group were given health education for nearly 12 weeks, including lecture, group and individual coaching, companion education, and other health education activities. The students in both groups were tested with SCL-90.Most index decreased significantly in the intervention group.The comprehensive health education is effective to mental and physical health of college students.


ABSTRACT Transportation of logging residues (LR) from eucalyptus plantations to regional bioenergy plants may incur high unit costs that restrict their removal from the forest, aggravating fire risk. This paper compares the cost of truck transportation of eucalyptus LR in Portugal, for alternative operational plans, aiming to improve biomass supply efficiency and to promote cost reduction. The following factors were analyzed: (1) the relation between truck configuration, biomass physical characteristics and payload, and (2) the relation between the transportation cost of a unit of mass and of a unit of heat and the biomass moisture content (MC). Direct transport of LR before comminution, with a 70 m3 semi-trailer, achieves 65% of the maximum payload, for the mean MC of 42%, and the cost represents46% of the payload value. Direct transport of shredded biomass with a 77 m3 semi-trailer achieves 76% of the maximum payload (mean MC of 43%) and the cost represents a fraction up to 62% of the payload value. Using a 90 m3 semi-trailer the payload increases to 80% of the maximum and the transportation cost decreases to less than 42% of the biomass value. For small scale logging operations a two echelon supply system promotes efficiency, allowing centralized shredding after additional natural drying that improves the quality of fuel, and involves a transportation cost of 10€ Mg−1 (MC of 43%) for a total distance of 33 km. Graphical Abstract


Self-management is a determining factor for individual success. The formation of the concept of self- management on employees working in PT. United Tractors can set the time in completing tasks such as planning, fo- cusing on the task, and thought to excel in the eld of work practiced. Employees are a company asset that must be kept and maintained in order to remain able to produce an optimal pro t of the company. Order PT. United Tractors, the optimal bene t of employees required to perform the job well and on time. Therefore this study aims to know the description and the factors that led to the formation of self- management in achieving the PT employees. United Trac- tors. The subject of this study were men and women who are married, age of subjects categorized as middle adult- hood (40-60 years). The subject worked as a permanent employee in PT. United Tractors for subjects included in the data (record) as employees. This research method using structured interviews and unstructured interviews and non- participant observation and systematic observation.


The article describes the solution of the problem of combining television and infrared images in vision systems by photogrammetric calibration of their cameras using a universal test object. The design of the test object, the results of superimposition of multispectral images and the results of pixel fusion of images with forming both a grayscale and false-color frame are given.


Purpose – To exploit the main implications of the revised series of quality assurance standards ISO 9000:2000 for the certified organisations. The paper aims to identify the anticipated benefits of the changes in the series, as well as the main barriers and pitfalls that may deprive organisations of these benefits.Design/methodology/approach – The paper combines the ideas and views of different authors and studies in this subject and organises them accordingly, based on the author's previous experience and empirical studies on ISO 9000 implementation, in order to fully describe the subject for the reader.Findings – The paper finds that although the revised series of standards may offer important benefits to the certified organisations in areas which were previously considered to be the weak areas of the standards, there are still important dilemmas regarding the degree to which companies will be able to overcome a number of barriers and implementation pitfalls.Research limitations/implications – The paper...


Self-adaptive architecture agent is extended to get agent pragmatics, then, the union integration platform is built based on architecture-centric agent pragmatics; Service is viewed as the basic business unit, agent pragmatic is corresponding cognitive carrier, service topology relationship is analyzed to get selective serial routing. Here, self-adaptation is the encapsulation goal between carrier and service, it is to sum up lightweight pragmatics replica, and achieve route learning evolution and implementation sequence algorithm of coarse-grained logical service adjustment.


Discussed Four multiplexing methods used in modern communication, and the hierarchy structure is given; the characteristics of communication system used the four multiplexing methods are showed as well,it is emphasized that understanding the characteristics of multiplexing methods and their correlation is the basic start of optimizing communication system and communication network


Evidence-Based Answer In a woman with postmenopausal bleeding being evaluated for endometrial carcinoma, an endometrial thickness of ≤4 mm by transvaginal ultrasound (TVU) has a negative predictive value exceeding 99%. (SOR: A, based on meta-analysis from multiple RCTs.) When the endometrial thickness is >4 mm, follow-up endometrial sampling is recommended to exclude endometrial carcinoma. (SOR: C, based on expert opinion.)


The physical subjects which appeared in the mateial design process of realizing the required barium ferrite particle characteristics for high density magnetic recording medium application were discussed. Relatively large temperature dependence of coercivity for Co+2 substituted barium ferrite particles could be reduced by removing spin binding of Co+2 ions in magntoplumbite crystal sites, or reducing amount of Co+2 ions in magntoplumbite crystal sites. Saturation magnetization of barium ferrite particles could be increased by reducing the amount of nonmagnetic charge compensating ions, by reducing Fe ions at siteis with minority spin direction or by incooorating spinel ferrites with large saturation magetization as intergrown crystal structure. Recent experimenal results suggest that the particle homogenuity in size, shape and chemical composition is a important parameter to obtain further advanced recording media characteristics.


An extensive monitoring program was conducted to determine the occurrence of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in environmental compartments impacted by consumer waste disposal practices. Eight wastewater treatment plants, representative of those found in North America, were monitored to determine PDMS removal during wastewater treatment. Surface waters, sediments, and sludge-amended soils impacted by wastewater treatment plant effluents and sludges were also monitored for a more complete assessment of the environmental fate of PDMS. Newly developed GPC−ICP and/or HPLC−ICP analytical techniques were used to provide insight into the environmental fate of PDMS and anticipated PDMS degradation products. PDMS was found to be highly removed during wastewater treat ment with effluent concentrations, in most cases, below the quantitation limit of the analytical technique (<5 μg/L). PDMS sludge concentrations ranged from 290 to 5155 mg/kg and varied as a function of influent concentration and sludge processing method. ...


There are some problems that caused by using window system in the building. The problems are not only energy loss, but also dew condensation, low indoor comfort, and building material durability. In order to obtain energy efficiency, therefore, this study demonstrates the condition of window system performance by analyzing air-tightness and thermal performance of products that registered after enforcement of Energy Efficiency Labeling Program of Window System.


First-principles electronic structure calculations were carried out for Li${\mathrm{C}}_{6}$, Li${\mathrm{C}}_{12}$, and Li${\mathrm{C}}_{18}$ representing first-, second-, and third-stage model graphite intercalation compounds. By comparing the charge density of these compounds to that of reference graphite compounds, we could define a "total difference density" in order to quantify charge transfer and polarization in these materials. The total difference density is found to be highly concentrated near the intercalant ions. However, the conduction electrons (those in partially occupied bands) are found to have the distribution of virtually undistorted $\ensuremath{\pi}$ wave functions and have a much more delocalized distribution than that of the total difference density. These two types of charge distributions account for many of the unusual electronic properties of graphite intercalation compounds.


When dealing with negation, grammars of Standard Swahili generally present three basic negative markers, ha-, (-)si(-), and -to-. For two of these three markers, ha- and -si-, grammars describe their distribution, but explanations of their difference in meaning are either not provided or often unsatisfactory. The difference between ha- and -si- in form, position and function has led to the hypothesis, which will be explored in this paper, that both negative markers differ in meaning.


Aspect-Oriented Programming has introduced new types of software faults that may be systematically tackled with mutation testing. However, such testing approach requires adequate tooling support in order to be properly performed. This paper addresses this issue, introducing a novel tool named Proteum/AJ. Proteum/AJ realises a set of requirements for mutation-based testing tools and overcomes some limitations identified in previous tools for aspect-oriented programs. Through an example, we show how Proteum/AJ was designed to support the main steps of mutation testing. This preliminary use of the tool in a full test cycle provided evidences of the feasibility of using it in real software development processes and helped us to reason about the current functionalities and to identify future needs.


Abstract An efficient new method to synthesize α-oxy N -acyl aminals and hemiaminals in a single step from readily synthesized N -acyl enamines has been developed using PhI(OAc) 2 as the oxidant. The reaction conditions are very mild and the products are obtained in good yields (65–92%). A possible mechanistic pathway is laid out.


A measure of indexing consistency is developed based on the concept of "fuzzy sets." It assigns a higher consistency value if indexers agree on the more important terms than if they agree on less important terms. Measures of the quality of an indexer's work and exhaustivity of indexing are also proposed. Experimental data on indexing consistency is presented for certain categories of indexers; and consistency, quality, and exhaustivity values are compared and analyzed. The analysis of indexing exhaustivity leads to the conclusion that the increase of information as a result of group indexing is a process analogous to Bradford's law of information scattering, Lotka's law of scientific productivity, and Zipf's law of vocabulary distribution.


Background. Dental caries and periodontal diseases are very common oral illnesses. epidemiological studies in dentistry make it possible to define treatment needs and to plan surveillance and treatment programmes for populations. Objectives. The aim of study was to evaluate periodontal condition in children and adolescents from lower Silesia region. Material and Methods. 605 subjects aged 7, 12, 18 years living in 3 different areas of lower Silesia region were examined. periodontal condition was evaluated according to cpi (community periodontal index) criteria. Results. The mean number of healthy sekstants was 4.82 ± 1.73 in 7-year-old children; 3.94 ± 2.29 in 12-year-old children and 4.11 ± 1.69 in 18-year-old subjects. along with age, the number of sextants with healthy periodontium decreased. The frequency of bleeding, irrespective of living area, in 12-year-old children was double higher than in extant groups (12 years – 33.8% vs 7 years – 14.5% and 18 years – 15.7%). Frequency of calculus rised 7 times in 12-year-old chlidren and 13 times in 18-year-old adolescents in comparison to 7-year old children (4.0 vs 28.4; 62.7%). Conclusions. With the age, irrespective of living area and gender of the examined, the percentage of subjects with healthy periodontium decreased and percentage of subjects with calculus increased. in all groups signs of gingivitis were observed and notably preventive and treatment needs were required (Dent. Med. Probl. 2013, 50, 2, 167–177).


The invention discloses a smelting method with higher thermal efficiency for smelting titanium slag by a submerged arc furnace and a device thereof. The smelting method is provided with material distribution points and corresponding blanking devices; a three-dimensional heat transfer mathematical model is used to perform temperature simulation to each distribution point, thereby adjusting the blanking amount of each distribution point. In the smelting device which is applicable to the method, a temperature measuring device is arranged in a body of the submerged arc furnace, signals sent from the temperature measuring device are input into a computer which outputs corresponding instructions to control the blanking devices, and a furnace cover is provided with evenly-distributed material distribution holes and the corresponding blanking devices. The method realizes the adjustment of the blanking amount according to the material melting speed of different power areas on the surface of a molten pool, maintains the fixed thickness of a furnace burden layer so as to continuously perform titanium slag smelting of a thin material layer, overcomes the disadvantage of periodic smelting of a thick material layer, can remarkably improve the thermal efficiency of the titanium slag smelting of large-scale submerged arc furnaces, simultaneously shorten the smelting time of specific yield, can preestimate molten iron amount and molten slag amount, instruct the operation of subsequent working procedures, and is particularly suitable for the titanium slag smelting of the large-scale submerged arc furnaces.


Legal scholars are yet to pay quality attention to the intentionally restrictive competition policy regarding the recent wave of digital innovations, referred to as "fintech".

This paper examines the rebirth of Financial Technology ("fintech") in recent times. Associating the current frenzy over the rise of fintech to the effects of the 2008 Global Financial Crisis, regulatory rigidity, and the sluggishness of traditional banks in adjusting to the dynamic needs of their customers.

This paper further examines the rise of a financial & digital revolution, discussing both the current and potential effects of the revolution on traditional banks and their regulators. The paper addresses the regulatory hurdles in place designed to resist the revolution, thereby stunting the growth of players in the fintech industry in a bid to protect traditional banks from competition.


This study aims to analyze the content of school Chemistry books taught in the High School in Greece. Initially, given the literature and corresponding curricula detected some criteria according to which the teaching and learning of chemistry becomes more efficient, effective and useful for students. Some of these criteria are: the supplied knowledge to everyday life (society - technology), the interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary knowledge, the correlation between the studied concepts, usability of knowledge - "need to know", the existence of specific "frame" of teaching, but also students to understand why should study the curriculum. The sample consists of third High school class Chemistry student books (date 2011) and first of Lyceum (date 2011). This study analyzed and compared the two student books based on the criteria of interdisciplinarity and the connection of the provided knowledge to everyday life.
 First, we investigated whether the above books meet the listed criteria, and to what extent, through mapping and classifying with the listed criteria items included in planned books as chapters, sections, phrases, words, pictures, questions, exercises, etc. Even attempted a comparison between the two teaching Chemistry books third class of high school and firt class of Lyceum, in order to investigate whether outweighs one of the books in criteria in order to demonstrate the existence or not of continuity and consistency in the chemistry education of students.
 The importance of this research is evident considering the fact that the results of this analysis could provide guidance on educational planning and determining the matter of school chemistry courses and this study could assist teachers in choosing the appropriate educational material and organizing teaching. Additionally, the study could be used to highlight methods, procedures and ways to attract the interest of students and to improve understanding of chemistry.


Is involved in the mechanism for integrating the telephone switching system 23 to the WAN or LAN computer network is disclosed. In other more particularly, to a telephone switching center, which is controlled by the server computer 22 to utilize the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which is connected to the World Wide Web (WWW) network. Known computer telephony integration (CTI) solution has the disadvantage of being integrated on a network server, and thus due to a variety of different operating system platforms, especially in the field of personal computer or workstation interface to be changed for each platform for each client. Accordingly, the invention is to integrate the capabilities of the switched network to the HTTP server 22, the control program 20 which enable the control CTI application by the HTTP server, the HTTP server 22 and the switching system (23) propose a plan to provide the liver. Application 20 is proposed to provide an interface that uses a URL (uniform resource locator) for specifying a higher-level communication functions, which is independent of individual interface 21 to the switching system or the CTI server.


We analyzed a sample of 21 solar energetic particle (SEP) events with clear signatures in both near-relativistic electrons and high-energy protons spanning over ∼2.5 solar cycles from 1997 to 2016. We employed velocity dispersion analysis (VDA) for protons and fractional VDA (FVDA) for electrons, as well as time shifting analysis (TSA) in order to identify the solar release times (SRTs) of the electrons. We found that, for the majority of the events (62%), a simultaneous release was observed, while, for 14% of the events, electrons were released later than protons (i.e., delayed electrons); for 24% of the events, the opposite result was found (i.e., delayed protons). We found that the path length (L) traveled by the protons and electrons was not related to the aforementioned categorization. Moreover, we show that, in the case of simultaneous SEP events, protons and electrons are being released in close connection to type III and type II bursts, while the opposite is the case for delayed events. In addition, we demonstrate that, for the simultaneous events, both the proton and the electron release are established in heights < 5RS and that, especially for the well-connected simultaneous events, there is a co-occurrence of the type II burst with the release time of the particles.


Using density functional theory (PBE functional), we show that the degree of surface hydroxylation increases in the MgO, CaO, SrO series, accompanied by an increase in water adsorption energy. Already for water coverage of two monolayers, structures with dissolved M2+ ions are considerably more stable than the intact, nondissolved surface. The dissolved ions above the surface form different patterns including ordered ones (e.g., an infinite stripe) that are preferred for MgO(001) and CaO(001) and disordered ones that are favored for SrO(001). Contrary to previous assignments, an analysis of calculated X-ray photoelectron spectra shows that O(1s) signals arising from OH and H2O groups might coincide in the experimental spectrum.


The main mass of the 1.85-Ga Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC) has been recently interpreted as a 2.5-km-thick impact melt-sheet that differentiated into norite, gabbro, and granophyre layers. This interpretation requires the SIC to have been emplaced as a horizontal sheet ponded in a complex impact crater whereby orogenic folding is regarded as the cause of its synformal geometry. However, three independent lines of structural evidence from the SIC and its Huronian host rocks indicate that the SIC was not a horizontal sheet at the time of its consolidation. 1. Planar mineral fabrics of the unstrained norite and gabbro layers are subparallel to the synformal base of the SIC and mineral lineation plunges toward the center of the SIC. This radial lineation pattern is inconsistent with an initial horizontal sheet geometry of the SIC, but is consistent with preconsolidation strain caused by gravitational reorientation of crystals on inclined magma chamber walls. 2. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) of the granophyre reveals a magnetic lineation that is orthogonal to the basal contact of the SIC. This fabric is correlated to acicular plagioclase crystals and is thus interpreted as a wall-orthogonal crystallization texture. Fold-induced strain is expected to overprint such textures most severely where the curvature of the SIC is greatest, e.g., in the North Lobe. However, the angular departure of this lineation from its initial contact-orthogonal orientation is minimal in this area. Shortening strains estimated from AMS numerical modeling and microstructural analysis are significantly lower than strains expected from orthogonal flexural folding, <15 vs. 50%, respectively. The observed low strain levels are in agreement with a primary parabolic geometry of the SIC, but are inconsistent with folding of a consolidated horizontal melt-sheet. 3. Structural analysis of Huronian host rocks shows that deformation of these rocks can be explained without invoking rotation of Huronian strata as a consequence of impact cratering. Moreover, the absence of pervasive, post-SIC ductile strain in Huronian rocks and the adjacent norite, the uniform northwest-southeast–directed, late-orogenic compression, and the regional tectonometamorphic correlation suggest that shortening of the SIC was not accomplished by noncylindrical buckle folding but rather by imbrication of the southern SIC on thrust surfaces of the South Range Shear Zone. Cowan, E. J., Riller, U., and Schwerdtner, W. M., 1999, Emplacement geometry of the Sudbury Igneous Complex: Structural examination of a proposed impact melt-sheet, in Dressler, B. O., and Sharpton, V. L., eds., Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution II: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society o f America Special Paper 339. 399 *Present address: Cowan, SRK Consulting, 25 Richardson Street, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia; e-mail: email@example.com; Riller, Institut für Geowissenschaften und Lithosphärenforschung, Universität Giessen, Senckenbergstraße 3, 35390 Giessen, Germany.


The application of aperture synthesis concepts, used for many years in radioastronomy to achieve high image resolution at a reasonable cost, to remote sensing technology is discussed. The electronically scanned thinned array radiometer (ESTAR) is put forward as a viable alternative to improve spatial resolution by an order of magnitude over what is presently achieved by microwave imaging systems that are collecting data from Earth orbit. Future developments in airborne sensor technology and potential spacecraft application are described. >


: This paper investigates the transmission of terahertz pulse in the ultrathin film with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and the terahertz pulse produced by the interaction between femtosecond laser pulse and Fe/Pt heterostructure. The thickness of the Fe/Pt film ranges from 2 nm to 8 nm. The terahertz wave exponentially decays in Fe and Pt ultrathin films, but it decays much faster in the bulk Fe and Pt. Due to the limitation in the thickness, electrons have much longer free path in the film plane, which increases the conductivity in the film plane. We also find that the laser pulse with 800 nm wavelength also decays faster in the ultrathin film.


The article showcases the results in Romania for the following indicators: Digital Economy and Society Index (EU28 DESI) defined for the countries in the European Union, International Digital Economy and Society Index (I-DESI), an extension of the UE28 DESI index, E-Government Development Index (EGDI), Human Capital Index (HCI) and IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook. Based on these indicators, an analysis of the e-government process is performed.


The paper proposes that benefit-cost analyses of mining be validated by comparative analyses and tests of hypotheses. Mining and nonmining communities can be compared to assess the contribution of mining to development. Further, tests of hypotheses can be used to determine whether mining communities are significantly different from nonmining communities in terms of poverty rates, health indicators, education, and other social indicators. Applying the said techniques in Benguet, Northern Philippines, the author found that mining communities, despite several years of mining operations, are not significantly different from nonmining communities. Data also suggest that in communities where corporate mining operates as in Benguet, poverty incidence is higher—not lower. This implies that we need to review the Philippine government's policy of promoting mining as an engine of economic growth. The paper proposes that we explore economic strategies that enhance environmental protection at the same time.


In this paper an improved RLS (ImRLS) based adaptive MMSE decision directed MC-CDMA Receiver for Rayleigh fading channels is developed. The technique adopted by the ImRLS, is to reduce the noise components in the RLS-estimated channel frequency response before applying it to the MMSE adaptive detector. This is done by an IFFT, limiting window and an FFT. Simulation results in rayleigh fading multiuser environments shows the ImRLS to outperforms the RLS in terms of BER and channel estimation average mean square error (avmse) with only an additional IFFT/FFT complexity increase. Furthermore, the ImRLS shows less sensitivity to MAI than the RLS.


. The article is devoted to the problem of development of student's ability to resist information influences at the level of an educational institution. According to the results of the analysis of theoretical sources, it was found that in the conditions of the multiplicity of existing and potentially possible information threats in society, the need to reduce the negative impact of information resources on young people is increasing. In the conditions of military aggression by the rf and its waging of a hybrid war, there is a risk under the influence of information to become a target for manipulation, not to recognize information attacks and become a tool in the hands of the enemy, spreading dubious content and fakes. To identify the practical state of development of the problem, a survey was conducted and its analysis was presented. The analysis confirmed the authors' expectations regarding the trustworthiness of youth to information content and the fragmentation of young people's ideas about the possible negative impact of information technologies, computer applications, social networks and services on their worldview. According to the results of the study of the opinion of teachers/lecturers regarding the ability of young people to resist informational influences and the content analysis of scientific sources, the concept of "ability to resist informational influences" was specified at the level of skills (the ability to take a responsible attitude to the consumption of informational content; the ability to counteract destructive influences based on emotional coloring (psychological manipulations, propaganda, disinformation, etc.); the ability to verify media products for their critical evaluation; the ability to protect one's own information space). The need to develop methodical tools for their formation (forms, methods and means of formation of each skill) is substantiated. The results of a pedagogical experiment to confirm the effectiveness of the developed methodical tools are presented. Statistical analysis was based on the application of the non-parametric sign test. According to the results of the experiment, it was found that the ability to counteract destructive influences based on emotional coloring and the ability to protect one's own information space under the influence of appropriate methodological tools are developed to a greater extent than the ability to take a responsible attitude to the consumption of information content and the ability to verify media products for their critical evaluation. The developed methodical tools can be adapted to curricula of various specialties and integrated into educational disciplines for mastering digital technologies and tools. The development and implementation of information hygiene courses on the basis of the described methodical tools is considered expedient.


This study was conducted to compare the bioavailability of two branded formulations of aceclofenac and to evaluate their pharmacokinetic behavior. For bioequivalence study of two formulations of aceclofenac; drug A and drug B were administered to 18 healthy human volunteers using a two-treatment, two-way cross over study design in a randomized fashion. For the determination of aceclofenac plasma concentration, validated HPLC method with UV-visible detector, 20 µl injecting loop and C18 analytical column were used. The lower limit of detection is 0.0195µg/ml and quantitation range is 0.039, 0.078, 0.156, 0.312, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20µg/ml. Different pharmacokinetic parameter were determined including Tmax, T1/2, Cmax, AUC0-t, AUC0-?, vd, ke for two formulations of aceclofenac in plasma. After log-transformation of plasma data for bioequivalence Cmax, AUC0-t and AUCt-? were tested. The Cmax values of 7.69 ± 0.14221µg/ml and 6.82 ± 0.13411µg/ml were attained in 3.14 ± 0.0801 h and 2.94 ± 0.1878 h for drug A and Drug B, respectively. AUC0-t was 45332.79 ± 2096.770µg.h/ml and 43842.56 ± 1046.954µg.h/ml, respectively. AUC0-? was 45329.97±2138.871µg.h/ml and 43589.97 ± 1039.78 µg.h/ml for drug A and Drug B, respectively. The t1/2 values were found to be 3.14 ± 0.080 h and 3.01 ± 0.024 h for drug A and Drug B.