Duta is rather a small scelionid genus, with just 12 species reported globally (Johnson, 2006). It was erected by Nixon (1933), with type species as Holoteleia tenuicornis Dodd. No significant host data is available, other than a report by Masner (1991) as Gryllids being the hosts of Duta. This genus is known from Australian, Nearctic, Palearctic, Afrotropical and Oriental Regions (Johnson, 1992). The four species hitherto known from the Oriental Region are D. tenuicornis (Dodd 1920), D. indica Mukerjee (1994), D. xyphona Kozlov & Le and D. typhona Kozlov & Le Kozlov & Le (Le, 2000). A new species, namely, D. tuberculata is described here. With the description of this new species we now have two species of Duta known from India. The paratype of Dura indica Mukerjee, deposited at the Northern Regional Station, Zoological Survey Of India, Dehradun, was examined for a comparative study.


Hand hygiene is the most effective way in preventing the health care-associated infection. In this work, we propose to investigate the automatic recognition of the hand hygiene poses with RGB-D videos. Different classifiers are experimented with the Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) features extracted from the hand regions. With a frame-level classification rate of more than 95%, and with 100% video-level classification rate, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our method for recognizing these hand hygiene poses. Also, we demonstrate that using the temporal information, and combining the color with depth information can improve the recognition accuracy.


The Eu-doped GaN thin films (GaN:Eu) were deposited on the sapphire substrate by means of the rf magnetron sputtering method. The GaN:Eu films were characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and photoluminescence (PL). Although as-grown GaN:Eu films (2mol% Eu in target) exhibited weak broad Eu-related red PL, the annealing in NH3 atmosphere (1000°C for 1h) led to the remarkable enhancement of Eu-related PL lines. PL spectra of such annealed GaN:Eu films exhibited a series of sharp PL lines characteristic of substitutional Eu3+ ions at Ga sites in the GaN lattice (dominant PL line is at 622nm for the D05–F27 transition). On the other hand for GaN:Eu films (5mol% Eu in target), as-grown films are amorphous and exhibited broad Eu3+-related PL lines. The annealing led to the crystallization of the films, the elimination of Eu3+-related PL lines, and the enhancement of the near-band-edge PL. The Eu-luminescent centers are considered to be removed during the crystallization.


The purpose of this experiment was to study tumor deposition of monoclonal anti-p97 melanoma antibody (Fab) as a function of its blood concentration over time. I-131-anti-p97 Fab and I-125 non-specific Fab were injected I.V. into 28 control athymic (nude) mice (CM) bearing human xenografted malignant melanoma containing p-97 antigen. Fab (M.W. 50,000) is rapidly excreted by kidney and >90% excretion occurred in 24 hr. To create maximum sustained high blood concentrations of Fab 10 similar mice were likewise injected 1 hr after acute nephrectomy (NM). In this case 24 hr. body excretion was <1%. Blood clearance in CM was biexponential with initial T-1/2 0.4 hr. (80%) a second T-1/2 of 4.4 hr. In NM clearance was monoexponential with a T-1/2 of 29.6 hr. Blood concentrations at 4 hrs. were 2 vs. 19% dose/gm (CM vs NM) and 0.15 vs 12 at 24 hrs. This tumor binding resembled a 2nd order phenomenon. Such information may be useful in predicting the effect of dosage manipulations (multiple bolus or sustained infusions) designed to increase Fab blood levels and enhance tumor labeling with Fab. The NM model should be useful to study the kinetics of antibody tumor deposition with various antibodies.


ABSTRACT The author describes examples of her sculptural and installation works, which involve acoustics, electronics, visual elements and elements from natural environments. She also provides a background of historical works and influences.


A water quality (WQ) model of the distribution system is a tool to more efficiently and effectively perform distribution system related activities. Greater Cincinnati Water Works (GCWW) has been using the detailed skeletonized WQ model consisting of 1700 miles of mains, contained in 10000 pipes. The model represents 63% of the system length and 91% of the volume. GCWW operates a multi-divisional team to utilize WQ model in most effective manner. First, the team identifies and prioritizes system concerns and potential applications. Second, the Water Quality and Treatment Division implements selected applications. This strategy will result in improved delivered water quality and elevated safety in the distribution system against security threat. The WQ model helps GCWW currently to determine infrastructure improvement requirements, to test the impact of operational changes on quantity and quality, to predict water quality such as age, disinfectant and DBFs, to assess the ability to comply with developing regulations such as the DBP Rule, locating sample points, and to plan security measures in the distribution system. Examples of these activities from GCWW's current practice will be provided. This paper was presented at the 8th Annual Water Distribution Systems Analysis Symposium which was held with the generous support of Awwa Research Foundation (AwwaRF).


The silvicultural effectiveness of renewal felling in recreational pine stands of the Kyshtym Forest District (the subzone of pre-forest-steppe pine-and-birch stands) for the period of 1991-2013 is analyzed. It is found that the renewal of mature and over-mature pine stands of vaccinium forest type may be performed by twoand three-stage renewal felling. Those stages may be performed by even-gradual technique owing to the advance and associated generation undergrowth. The renewal felling performed by the described technique avoids the necessity of artificial reforestation and ensures the formation of recreationally stable and attractive pine stands. To increase felling effectiveness in recreational pine stands, the periods between felling stages should be reduced, and fire-prevention management measures should be taken.


By over-sample operations on 2-D hyperchaotic map,IM,a novel map named OIM is proposed for the generation of OIMBS(Over-sampled Ikeda Map Binary Sequences).OIMBS are found possessing of better correlation property,balance property,and having higher security than IMBS(Ikeda Map Binary Sequences).Based on the optimal filter strategy for 1-D spreading sequences,Logistic Map binary sequences,IMBS and OIMBS are optimally selected for conventional DS-CDMA communication system respectively,and it is concluded that under a variety of channel conditions,the Bit Error Rate performances of the communication system which adopts OIMBS are anyway more desirable than those of other two systems.


Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to examine semi-strong market efficiency by observing the behavioral finance implications of Jim Cramer's recommendations in bull vs bear markets. The authors extend the literature by analyzing investor reaction through the lenses of prospect theory, overreaction, and herding. Design/methodology/approach - – The authors test for abnormal returns in response to Findings - – The results indicate market inefficiency at the semi-strong level. Furthermore, the findings highlight the loss aversion tendencies of investors in regards to prospect theory of Kahneman and Tversky (1979) as well as the disposition effect of Shefrin and Statman (1985). Evidence also exists consistent with the herding and overreaction hypotheses. Practical implications - – The evidence suggests contrarian behavior in which investors respond positively to good news in bad times – perhaps, in effort to stay the course and at least break even. This behavior may suggest that losers tend to hold on to losses in hopes of recouping them. Thus, positive information in bad times could further persuade market participants to hang on to or buy more of losers, while also persuading non-shareholders to buy in as well. Originality/value - – Though other studies including Kenny and Johnson (2010) have estimated abnormal returns in response to analyst recommendations, to the knowledge, none has examined behavioral implications of investor reaction to buy and sell recommendations in both bull and bear markets. Furthermore, the study captures a longer bull and bear market and covers two definitions of such markets.


This paper presents an overview of the Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute's Voluntary Certification Program for Epoxy Coating Applicator Plants. The Plant Certification Program was developed to provide a means of ensuring that applicator plants are capable of producing epoxy-coated steel reinforcing bars in accordance with industry standards and recommendations. There are currently 34 certified applicator plants in the United States and Canada. Eighteen state and provincial transportation departments require that epoxy–coated reinforcing bars be supplied by CRSI-certified plants.


It is suggested that the chain polarity of native cellulose, cellulose I, is preserved in the course of the transformation to cellulose II by mercerization as a resonable interpretation of following results. The selective uniplanar orientation of (1_??_0) plane of original bacterial cellulose is maintained during and after mercerization to provide cellulose 11 pattern resulted in the preferential orientation. Furthermore, when the air-dried or never-dried spherulite of bacterial cellulose was immersed in 18% NaOH, the Maltese cross pattern and the color correlation are the same as those of the original. There are several other evidences for the same polarity of cellulose 1 and II. It was proved that cellulose triacetate (CTA) I can be formed by the heterogeneous acetylation of cellulose II as well as cellulose I when the swelling in the pretreatment media is low. It seems that parallel arrangement is not necessarily correct structure of CTA I. It is possible to transform CTA I to CTA II without any dissolving process but by a comparatively simple treatment with superheated steam. These mean that CTA I and CTA II have the same polarity in their crystal structures. The transformation of cellulose I to cellulose II through cellulose IIII which is hydrolyzed by 20N H2SO4 without disolution has been newly observed in the present study. Completely amorphous wood pulp decrystallized by the mechanical milling is recrystallized to cellulose II with water or 1% NaOH. It seems to be difficult to reverse the chain or to attain antiparallel arrangement from parallel one during the mechanical milling. On the other hand, the chain polarity problem has been solved by the direct TEM observation of LODP cellulose reacted with hydrazine. Characteristic microfibril of the LODP cellulose are observed with uniform width and length of about 200A and 2000A, respectively. In contrast with this, the reacted microfibril is long but has irregular pattern in shape. The possibility of antiparallel arrangement in ramie cellulose has been directly proved by the microphotographs.


Researchers have been investigating the sigmoid relationship between progressive time and cash flow for many years. Recent attention has turned toward forecasting the outcome of the project while the project is in progress. In a recent work, Kaka (1999) developed a nomothetic method for assessing the probability of a project suffering a project time over-run, using a stochastic analysis of past project data. This paper further develops this model, providing an idiographic tool for forecasting the completion date of fixed lump sum projects progressively during the project. The original project forecast cash flow is used as the seed for the analysis, as an alternative to Kaka's historic data model, to determine the success of that profile in forecasting the final end date. The results indicate the potential for great accuracy, but only where the forecast profile approximates the actual project profile. In turn this highlights the need for relevant profiles to be used and the data suggests that insufficient attention may be devoted to this task prior to contract commencement. The paper concludes that a melding of Kaka's stochastic modelling of past projects with this new method of forecasting end-dates should form the basis of further research.


This paper aims at studying some connectivity properties for random geometric graphs when they are constrained by the topological space in which they are embedded. More precisely, we focus our attention on limited square and rectangular environments. In order to analyse the impact of such environments on related graphs, we observe the evolution of mean degree. We propose an approach aiming at estimating the impact of the environment borders on the connectivity and we provide an analytical formula for computing the mean degree value depending on borders effects.


CONTEXT
Throwing injuries.

OBJECTIVE
To study the effects of posterior capsule tightness on humeral head position in late cocking simulation.

DESIGN
Eight fresh frozen shoulders were placed in position of "late cocking," 90 degrees abduction, and 10 degrees adduction and maximal external rotation. 3D measurements of humeral head relationship to the glenoid were taken with an infrared motion sensor, both before and after suture plication of the posterior capsule. Plications of 20% posterior/inferior capsule and 20% entire posterior capsule were performed, followed by plications of 40% of the posterior/inferior capsule and 40% entire posterior capsule.

SETTING
Cadaver Lab.

INTERVENTION
Posterior capsular placation.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Humeral head position.

RESULTS
40%, but not 20%, posterior/inferior and posterior plications demonstrated a trend to increased posterior-superior humeral head translation relative to controls.

CONCLUSION
Surgically created posterior capsular tightness of the glenohumeral joint demonstrated a nonsignificant trend to increased posterior/superior humeral head translation in the late cocking position of throwing.


The research paper examines the level, nature of association as well as the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on inflationary pressure and other selected macroeconomic indices in Nigeria between 1979 and 2010. Ordinary least squares method in the form of multiple regressions was applied to evaluate their association and impact and Granger Causality technique to evaluate their causality. Co integration procedure was also applied to assess whether their relationships will stand the test of time. A Stationary test was conducted using the Augmented Dickey- Fuller (ADF) tests. The result reveals that exchange rate and inflationary rate are positively related, though not to a very significant extent. This signifies that fluctuations in exchange rate can as well result in a proportionate response in the prevailing inflationary rate. The study reveals that there is no causality in any direction between exchange rate and inflationary rate. Unidirectional causality runs from interest rate to inflation. Interest rate and real GDP have no significant impact on exchange rate in Nigeria as revealed by the study. However, they both have negative relationship with exchange rate. Consequently, the paper recommends that monetary and fiscal policy setters should fashion out strategies to efficiently regulate and effectively manipulate the highly volatile macroeconomic indices in Nigeria in order to grow the economy faster and sustain it, even at the long run.


PRIOR CADMIUM EXPOSURE IMPROVES GLUCOREGULATION IN DIABETIC RATS BUT EXACERBATES EFFECTS ON METABOLIC DYSREGULATION, OXIDATIVE STRESS AND HEPATIC AND RENAL TOXICITY. Cadmium (Cd), a highly toxic metai is considered to be a multitarget toxicant, and it accumulates principally in the liver and kidney after absorption. In humans and other mammals, acute effects of Cd include injury to a number of organs and tissues such as liver, kidney, lungs, pancreas, testis, and bone. Divalent cadmium is also a ubiquitous industrial and environmental pollutant that accumulates in humans and animals (Waisberg et a/., 2003). Cell functions are interfered with by cadmium in various tissues and is ranked equal to lead and arsenic in toxicological importance with increasing environmental abundance (Grering et al., 1995). Chronic exposure to inorganic Cd results in accumulation of the metal mainly in liver and kidney, as well as in other tissues and organs causing many metabolic and histological changes, membrane damage, altered gene expression and apoptosis (Shaikh etal., 1999; Casalino et al., 2002; Waisberg et al., 2003). Recent epidemiological studies suggest a positive association between exposure to environmental cadmium (Cd) and the incidence and severity of diabetes (Edwards and Prozialack, 2009).The authors have summarized the potential mechanisms of cadmium induced diabetes. Following Cd exposure, adipose, pancreas and liver tissues along with adrenal gland become injured, leading to altered glucose metabolism and/or glucose uptake that ultimately results in increased blood glucose. Elevated blood glucose level coupled with the direct effects of Cd on renal tissue eventually leads to kidney dysfunction


Cervical carcinoma is the second leading cause of death from cancer in women worldwide. It is well known that human papillomaviruses (HPVs) is the etiologic agent of cervical neoplasia and cervical cancer. Zinc has been shown to inhibit the growth of malignant cell lines by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Recently it was reported that zinc-citrate compound (CIZAR) has a cytotoxic effect on choriocarcinoma cell line and ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line and suppresses its proliferation inducing apoptosis. CIZAR prevents the proliferation by inactivation of m-aconitase activity and induces apoptosis by increasing Bax expression and reducing Bcl-2 expression and inactivation of telomerase. We report one patient of cervical adenocarcinoma with HPV infection, who desires to continue pregnancy, treated by daily topical application of SeLava which contains zinc-citrate compound (CIZAR). We followed up the cytologic, pathologic and coloposcopic changes of healing process.


Purpose
This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

Design/methodology/approach
This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings
For firms to boost performance through interfirm knowledge sharing there needs to be high market turbulence and high levels of organizational innovativeness.

Originality/value
The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.


The incidence of hyperlipidemia is 11% in Korea. 8) As our life expectancy grows and our diet and lifestyle change to higher calorie foods and sedentary lifestyles, it is likely to increase over time. Thus, it is quite necessary to treat hyperlipidemia. HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl-coenyme) reductase inhibitor (statin) has a therapeutic effect on lowering cholesterol levels, but many adverse effects have been reported like gastric disturbance, liver function change, myopathy and rhabdomyolysis. Furthermore, cessation of administrating statins causes elevation of cholesterol levels. 9)


INTRODUCTION: Candida spp. are clinically important pathogens that cause the difficulties for treatment by biofilm formation. Considering antifungal resistance rates and the limitations in discovery of new antifungals, it's getting more important the antifungal and antibiofilm effects of various drugs which are using for different therapeautic purposes. The main goal of our study was to determine antifungal and antibiofilm effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) sertraline (SRT), paroxetine (PRX), fluoxetine (FLX), alone and in combination with fluconazole (FLC), against Candida spp. METHODS: Twenty Candida spp. strains isolated from clinical samples at Ege University Hospital, were identified by Dalmau method and matriks assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of SSRIs and fluconazole were detected by broth microdilution method. Synergistic interactions between SSRIs and fluconazole were investigated by checkerboard assay. The antibiofilm effects of SSRIs were determined by spectrophotometric microplate method. RESULTS: Five different Candida spp. (Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis) were identified among the isolates. The MIC ranges of SSRIs were found as 16-512 μg/mL. It was detected that sertraline was the agent have highest antifungal effect. The antibiofilm efficacy of fluoxetine was found to be higher than other SSRIs. Additionally, fluoxetine and paroxetine showed synergistic effect with fluconazole in thirteen and ten isolates, respectively. Nine isolates were detected as moderate biofilm producer, four isolates were identified as strong biofilm producer. C. parapsilosis strains showed higher biofilm production than other species. Fluoxetine and sertraline alone, at MIC/2, inhibited mature biofilms in six and five isolates, respectively while paroxetine was found to increase biofilm formation in seven isolates. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study revealed that sub-MICs of SSRIs could have antifungal and antibiofilm effects. The antidepressants sertraline and fluoxetine, alone and in combination with antifungals are considered to may have therapeutic potential for combating fungal infections.


Do irreducible moral and epistemic facts stand or fall together? In his critical engagement with Cuneo's The Normative Web, Chris Heathwood maintains that they do not. Appealing to a version of the Open Question Argument, Heathwood argues that while reductionism in the moral domain is not feasible, it is so in the epistemic domain. Heathwood presents non-reductive realists with what appears to be a difficult choice: give up on either The Normative Web's argument for non-reductive realism or the Open Question Argument. In this chapter, it is contended that non-reductive realists do not face this difficult choice. Central to the case is the claim that, while analyzing epistemic concepts in terms of descriptive ones has its attractions, it is considerably more challenging than Heathwood maintains. Some wider lessons are drawn by identifying the difficulties that face those who wish to defend a broadly reductive view of the epistemic domain.


In order to push forward the implementation of medium and long term development strategy of CSG and promote the production safety level,the work of integrated management of production safety is developed in Guangxi Power Grid.By starting with four key links: "system,education,action and supervision",the seven unions of "organization construction,business process,management system,technical standard,work standards,information system and index system" are realized,and the integrated management system of production safety is constructed.By practice and exploration,the safety consciousness is stronger,the safety atmosphere is richer,the management system is more perfect,and the management style is more right.In recent years,main indexes of production safety are promoted steadily in Guangxi Power Grid,and great effects has been achieved in the production safety work.


Online shopping of fashion products has become an important way of purchase for Chinese consumers. However, consumers' satisfaction with convenient shopping will also be accompanied by the emergence of risk perception and quality perception. Offline shopping, as a traditional way of shopping, faces the challenge of online shopping, but it has gradually recovered in recent years. Because the fashion products in offline market can be judged directly, it can be speculated that the risk perception and quality perception in offline shopping is different from that in online shopping. Therefore, based on the comparison between online shopping and offline shopping, this paper intends to study the impact of risk perception and quality perception on consumers' purchase intention aimed at working women in their 20s and 30s in China. The responses from the sample were collected through survey questionnaires. The collected data were statistically processed through frequency analysis, reliability and validity analysis, factor analysis and correlation relationship analysis and the hypothesis verification of the structural equation model. Based on the results of the analysis of purchasing fashion products online, the factors of risk perception like the product information risk, economic risk, psychological risk and the factors of quality perception like the service quality and product quality have a positive effect on purchase intention. On the other hand, the analysis results of purchasing fashion products offline is that only the factor of risk perception like the product information risk has been shown to have a positive impact on purchase intention. This study is intended to help fashion companies to develop market strategies to on offline and online marketing.


Tofu is one of the products processed from soybeans that contain nutrients for the body. Tofu from Lembang, Tofu from Sumedang and Tofu from Garut are three types tofu that are produced in different places. Types of microorganisms found in whey can influence the flavor of tofu. This research was conducted to find out the type of microorganisms contained in whey Tofu from Lembang, Sumedang and Garut through metagenom approach. Through this approach, the microbial species in an environment can be known, even without the need to cultivate the microorganism. Whey samples filtered by cellulose acetate membrane of 0.2 µm. Total DNA was isolated by the Klijn method, and used as a template to obtain a fragment of 16S rRNA with ± 400 bp long using touchdown PCR. Amplicons obtained then separated again by DGGE analysis. Optimization of DGGE was made with 8% gel and a denaturant range of 30%-80%. The microorganisms contained in whey Tofu from Lembang have closer homology to the Bacterium EM, microorganisms contained in Tofu from Sumedang were closer with Acinobacter sp. and Uncultured Bacterium, while microorganisms contained in Tofu from Garut were closer to Uncultured bacterium.


AIM
This paper contributes to knowledge on the prevalence and nature of disabilities in Australian children over a 12-year period (2003-2015). Understanding the current state of childhood disability is imperative for predicting future needs for long-term care and early intervention services for this population.

METHODS
We used data on children 0-14 years from the 2003, 2009, 2012, and 2015 survey of Disability, Aging and Carers, which is an ongoing national survey covering both rural and urban areas of all States and Territories of Australia.

RESULTS
Using the test for trends in population, no significant increases were noted in the prevalence of childhood disabilities over the last 12 years, although the prevalence of any developmental disability increased from 6.9% to 7.42% between 2009 and 2015. The rate and severity of disability was higher among boys compared with girls of the same age for a number of selected disabilities and higher for children aged 5-14 years.

CONCLUSIONS
With the anticipated rise in psychological related disability among Australian children, there is a need to ensure availability of a flexible and responsive model of service delivery for this population. This also implies that respite service coverage may need to be substantially increased to meet children and caregivers' needs.


This study of genetic relationship, between the Rom anian Furioso North-Star horse population and immigrant, reveal outstanding inform ation about breeding methods in analyzed population. Material was represented by pedigrees of all indivi duals from current reproductive nucleus of Furioso North-Star horses (5 sire stalli ons and 33 broodmares. Method used was "The numerator relationship matrix" (A matrix) elab orated by Henderson and Cuningham in 1976 and presented for the first time in Romania by Grosu H. in 1997. Current genetic relationship of population with imm igrant is very low (1.51%), (with sire stallions 1.66%, and with brood mares 1.49%) s uggesting lack of a trend to replace the gene-tool of Furioso North Star population, with im migrant gene-tool. From all immigrant individuals, only five are males, and they have a v alue of zero for relationship coefficient with whole population, raisings questions regarding the import logic. The existence in population of the immigrant mares (through imports) also raise s the questions: whether there were no mares available for breeding or wanted a "blood ref resh" to reduce inbreeding. In all three cases is not justified the import of mares. In this population, infusion appears to have only the mean to create genetic variability, although debata ble. Genetically speaking, immigration was not massive. Currently, in the population of Furios o North Star from Slatina stud farm, imports of sire stallions or brood mares definitely are not justified.


1. Three patients with classic haemophilia presented with a similar intrarenal obstructive pattern. Two of the patients had been treated for idiopathic haematuria. The third patient developed the renal obstructive problem in his post-operative period.

2. The pyelography studies implicate an intrarenal unilateral obstructive mechanism in each patient as cause for abnormality. Intratubular fibrin deposition is suggested as a possibility.

3. E-ACA was being used as a therapeutic endeavor in all these patients and was discontinued just prior to the development of symptoms. The evidence presented suggests that the intrarenal obstruction may be secondary to E-ACA therapy rather than a complication of the bleeding disease.


AEC Glacier alpine bluegrass, Poa alpina L., is a reclamation cultivar developed for use in reclaiming and revegetating disturbed sites at high elevations. It is the second alpine bluegrass cultivar released by the Alberta Environmental Centre, Vegreville, AB. This cultivar is expected to complement a prior release, AEC Blueridge alpine bluegrass. AEC Glacier is adapted to high elevations where it is capable of rapid growth and seed production. Key words: Alpine bluegrass, Poa alpina, cultivar description, reclamation


Diatom-based indices derived from the percentage of diatom taxa groups can be used to assess water quality. As some diatoms are location-dependent, such diatom indices are correspondingly location-dependent and the regional classification of taxa group is thereby needed. This study aims to demonstrate how to create a regional diatom assemblage index (YRDAI) based on a case study from the Yuqiao Reservoir watershed, China. Herein, we proposed a simple taxa classification approach based on the correlation between pollutant concentration and diatom abundance, and compared it with the traditional approach based on the coexistence index. Using the two approaches, a total of 34 diatom taxa groups were reclassified for localization of the well-known DAIpo index. The YRDAI was then derived from the reclassified diatom taxa groups. The results in the Yuqiao Reservoir watershed showed that the correlation-based YRDAIcor scores could better reflect the pollution levels of COD and TP than the coexistence-based YRDAIco scores and the original DAIpo scores with the unreclassified taxa groups. It can be expected that the precision of YRDAI can be improved with the accumulation of the diatom data, and the above approaches can be applied to other watersheds for making their own regional indices.


Due to the daily high consumption of fossil fuels like petrol and Diesel, there is very high shortage of this fuels in future. That's why we have to look at some new alternative fuels which are renewable and give same performance as petrol and Diesel. Ethanol is one of the alternative fuel which give nearly same performance as diesel fuel when blended with it. It is better to develop the engine which can work on pure ethanol or one can add ethanol in the petrol or diesel and use the blends of that. In this paper the performance characteristics of compression ignition engine fuelled with ethanol-diesel blend were studied at different condition. The main contribution of this work is to compare previous performance characteristics with new one having different fuel blend ratio. This can help future engine designers to design according to more engine efficiency.


We computed the flow of four gases (He, N 2 , CO 2 , and SF 6 ) through a critical flow venturi (CFV) by augmenting traditional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with a rate equation that accounts for τ relax , a species-dependent relaxation time that characterizes the equilibration of the vibrational degrees of freedom with the translational and rotational degrees of freedom. Conventional CFD (τ relax =0) underpredicts the flow through small CFVs (throat diameter d = 0.593 mm) by up to 2.3% for CO 2 and by up to 1.2% for SF 6 . When we used values of τ relax from the acoustics literature, the augmented CFD underpredicted the flow for SF 6 by only 0.3%, in the worst case. The augmented predictions for CO 2 were within the scatter of previously published experimental data (±0.1%). As expected, both conventional and augmented CFD agree with experiments for He and N 2 . Thus, augmented CFD enables one to calibrate a small CFV with one gas (e.g., N 2 ) and to use these results as a flow standard with other gases (e.g., CO 2 ) for which reliable values of τ relax and the relaxing heat capacity are available.


Multilateral well construction is generally accepted as a beneficial method of field development within the Norwegian Sector, however methods of production enhancement in combination with multilateral technology are less common and have produced varied results. Specific to carbonate formations within the region, low complexity multilateral junctions – such as open hole laterals – in which offline stimulations have been performed, have resulted in limited production uplift or issues with junction integrity resulting in a short well lifetime. These latter issues become more apparent in weak reservoir rock, where high stress effects from reservoir compaction can result in collapse even in cased intervals.
 Considering the case history and the expected stresses applied at any in-reservoir junction, a high strength Technology Advancement for Multi Laterals (TAML) level 5 junction was required to provide mechanical and hydraulic integrity. Unlike previous attempts at multilateral technology (MLT) evaluation of the field, where the focus was on the functional requirements of the equipment, an alternative approach was made whereby the operator and MLT vendor collaborated to identify suitable reservoir targets and make specific business cases for different multilateral designs. This resulted in the development of a 7-5/8 in. TAML level 5 multilateral stimulation system over an 18-month period.
 The system was successfully deployed in a dual lateral application in March of 2022, acid stimulated by bullheading in June 2022 and subsequently put on production. Production data indicates flow contribution from both production legs, with a productivity in line with expectation. This paper covers an overview of the junction design, key points in the job planning process and challenges with the execution.


This paper presents a comprehensive set of design rules for highly efficient power amplifiers driven by low voltage supplies. Optimum conditions for active device conduction angle and load impedance terminations at the fundamental and 2nd and 3rd harmonics are derived from theoretical and nonlinear simulation studies. Then, these rules are validated by the construction of a 3V inverse class F MMIC power amplifier.


This paper reports on a classroom study of meaning being made by students working in small groups in a mathematics classroom at an upper secondary school. A naturalistic study, it observes student ...


This research aimed to: (1) describe the Tahfidz Al-Qur'an learning plan, (2) describe the Tahfidz Al-Qur'an learning act, and (3) describe the Tahfidz Al-Qur'an learning evaluation in SDIP Al-madinah Kenteng Nogosari Boyolali. The method of this research was descriptive-qualitative research which a research that emphasizes the efforts of investigators to examine the natural phenomena that were happened in the overall complexity. While the research design used was phenomenology.
The data collection happened in natural setting, primary data source, observation, in-depth interview and documentation. Data validity criteria was based on four things of trust, transferability, dependence, and certainty are carried out in three ways, namely the extension of participation, perseverance of observation, and triangulation.
The result of this research is SDIP Al Madinah Kenteng Nogosari Boyolali has a flagship program, Tahfidz Al Qur'an where classes 1-6 are targeted to complete 6 Juz memorization. But from this research there were some weakness in planning, acting and ecaluation, so that from the target set was only a small number of students that can complete the memorization target and this study means to provide an overview of the solutions that can be done by SDIP Al Madinah Kenteng Nogosari Boyolali in fixing the weakness in planning, acting and evaluation so this could be as an option to the school to meet the targets memorization that has been set.

Keywords: Tahfidz Al Qur'an, learning management


The invention relates to a building material preparation process, in particular to a preparation process for brick substrates such as pervious bricks or floor bricks or concrete building blocks and the like. A method for preparing photocatalyst ecological bricks comprises the following steps that: A, waste ceramic impurities are crushed into crushed ceramic materials after being cleaned; B, wastefilter materials with main ingredients of diatomite and expanded perlite are dried, and then, rough filter material regenerated materials and fine filter material regenerated materials are sieved; C,the crushed ceramic materials and the rough filter material regenerated materials which are obtained in the steps A and B are mixed with ordinary portland cement and water and are stirred into dry concrete according to certain mass parts, the dry concrete is made into brick substrates, then, the fine filter regenerated materials, sand or stone dust, mineral pigment, white cement, nanometer titanium dioxide powder and water are mixed and stirred to be made into plus materials of the brick substrates, and the plus materials and the brick substrates are simultaneously pressed and formed; and D, the photocatalyst ecological bricks obtained in the step C are cured until the design strength is reached.


i Declaration: ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii List of Figures vi List of Tables vi CHAPTER 1: Definition of Problem and Purpose 1 1.1 Definition of Problem 1 1.2 Purpose of the Study 2 CHAPTER 2: Literature Review 5 2.


Because work is important to mental health, faculty who teach career development courses need strategies to engage master's counseling students who may have low motivation for the topic. Findings from this exploratory study suggest that enhanced focus on experiential learning strategies, achieved by using a flipped classroom, may improve students' attitudes toward career development counseling and generate confidence in performing career counseling tasks (N=58). The experiential class activities and assignments, and technology utilized for flipping the course are described. Student feedback regarding changes in their attitudes and values toward career development, and confidence in performing career counseling, is reported along with feedback regarding instructional methods and preferred class activities and assignments. Implications for counselor education are discussed. Author's Notes Corresponding author: Dr. Cheryl L. Fulton, email@example.com, 336-501-0444, Assistant Professor affiliated with the Department of Counseling, Leadership, Adult Education, and School Psychology, Texas State University, 601 University Dr. San Marcos, Texas, 78666. Dr. Laura M. Gonzalez, firstname.lastname@example.com, 336-405-8682, Assistant Professor affiliated with the Department of Counseling and Educational Development, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 215 Curry Building, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, NC 27402.


The analysis is concerned with the regional resource requirements associated with future energy development strategies. The regional distribution of resource impacts was calculated using the Energy Supply Planning Model. Requirements of capital, manpower, materials, equipment, land, and water are derived for the direct construction and operation of energy-related facilities. These requirements have been derived for four cases centering on the Reference Case ($13 price of imported oil) from the FEA ''1976 National Energy Outlook.'' Three sensitivity cases tested the impact of: a synthetic fuels program; continued price regulation of domestic oil and gas; and restrictions on coal and nuclear fuel development, as well as the above price regulations. Results of the analysis indicate that ten-year (1976-85) cumulative construction capital costs (in constant 1974 dollars, excluding owner's costs) are $507 billion for the reference case. These costs increase by $9 billion with a synthetic fuels program and decrease by $67 billion for the case with price regulations and other restrictions on energy development. In general, the declining capital requirements calculated for the latter case reflect shifts from energy strategies emphasizing utilization of domestic oil, gas, coal, and nuclear resources toward strategies emphasizing utilization of foreign resources. The latter are characterized by more » lower domestic requirements for capital investment but higher costs of imported fuel purchases (not reflected in the above comparisons). « less


1. Democracy without Democracy?: Can the EU's Democratic 'Outputs' be Separated from the Democratic 'Inputs' Provided by Competitive Parties and Majority Rule? - Richard Bellamy 2. Political Representation and Government in the European Union - Peter Mair and Jacques Thomassen 3. The European Parliament: One Parliament, Several Modes of Political Representation on the Ground? - David Farrell and Roger Scully 4. Consistent Choice Sets? The Stances of Political Parties towards European Integration in 10 Central East European Democracies, 2003-2007 - Robert Rohrschneider and Stephen Whitefield 5. With or Without You? Revisiting territorial state-bypassing in EU interest representation - Michael Tatham 6. Civil Society and EU Democracy: 'Astroturf' Representation? - Beate Kohler 7. The EU's many Representative Modes: Colliding? Cohering? - Christopher Lord and Johannes Pollak


A mixed oxide catalyst for the selective oxidation of ethane to ethene and acetic acid, and having the composition Mo(73)V(18) Nb(9)O(x) was prepared and characterised. The crystalline phases found were Mo6V9O40, Mo3Nb2O11, and MoO3; the amorphous part was shown to mainly have the composition Mo(84±3)V(13±3) Nb(2±0.5)O(x). The crystallinity was found to be very sensitive to the calcination temperature in the range 400 to 500°C, where a large part of the amorphous phase is transformed into the crystalline phases given above. The crystalline phases found in the catalyst were prepared separately in pure form, as were additional selected phases from the oxidic system Mo–V–Nb. Analytical transmission electron microscopy was used to determine the contribution of the different phases in the catalyst to the total surface area. It appears that the amorphous phase, shown to consist of small grains (diameter≊10 nm) and, thus, to have a high surface area, may dominate the properties of the catalyst.


Concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) systems have been unable to keep up with the plummeting cost of flat plate PV for large scale power generation. New markets must be explored in order to maintain a robust CPV industry. Solar thermal offers a large potential market but has issues competing with conventional, cheap fuels such as natural gas. Hybrid CPV/T systems are capable of producing heat at prices competitive with natural gas when the electricity produced by high efficiency CPV units is used to subsidize the cost of the thermal energy delivered.


Temperature compensation for output of displacement sensor is dispensable in high precision displacement measurement.Output of displacement sensor and temperature sensor is sent to multi-sensor data fusion center based on BP network,and then,calibrated sample is sent to the trained neural network to output the precise displacement.For overcoming the flaws of conventional BP algorithm such as slow convergence and falling to local minimum point,BP multi-level feed forward neural network algorithm is used to compensate the sensor property.Compared the experimental result with simulative result under the same temperature fluctuation,the output is much more time-saving and precise,which error is 3 times than it was.


Given the continued spread of coronavirus 2, the early predictors of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) associated mortality might improve patients' outcomes. Increased levels of circulating neurofilament light chain (NfL), a biomarker of neuronal injury, have been observed in severe COVID‐19 patients. We investigated whether NfL provides non‐redundant clinical value to previously identified predictors of COVID‐19 mortality.


—This study proposes a model of placing a liaison which forms relations to two members in the same level of a pyramid organization structure when lengths between the liaison and the other members are less than those between members except the liaison in the organization such that the communication of information between every member in the organization becomes the most efficient. For a model of adding a node of liaison which gets adjacent to two nodes with the same depth N in a complete binary tree of height H where the lengths of edges between the liaison and the other members are L(0 < L < 1) while those of edges between members except the liaison are 1, the total shortening distance which is the sum of shortening lengths of shortest paths between every pair of all nodes in the complete binary tree is formulated to obtain an optimal pair of two members to which the liaison forms relations.


The present invention is a to provide a driving method for a structure and performance of the dry cleaning to hereinafter as possible a smooth dry cleaning in addition relates to a laundry dryer, to enable the dry cleaning for a large amount of laundry using the laundry dryer will be. For this purpose, the body and the invention is forming an outer appearance; Drying drum rotatably installed within the main body; And, it mounted on the inside of the drying drum when receiving the heat of the high temperature at least one box packing emanating moisture and flavor of the predetermined amount of: providing the laundry drier, characterized by configured to include. Laundry dryers, dry cleaning, packing box, fragrance spray, steam supply device


The purpose of the present paper is to standardize the clinical hemoglobinometry. The auther adopted three methods of Hb determination, that is iron determination, gas-metric method and photometric method on the same sample. Critical descriptions of each methods were described in detail with its historical review. To obtain correct absolute value of Hb, the recovery of iron from Hb was estimated by our original method. Hb with Fe59 was synthesized in vivo by injecting Fe59 labeled plasma into anemic rabbit prepared by blood letting. The wasted Fe59 during the chemical process of determination was estimated accurately by the method.The auther found the complete recovery of the Hb iron if corrected by using control sample. Thus the auther could obtain the following results :(1) The Hb value by iron method showed about 1.7% higher than that by the gas-metric method and this is statistically significant.(2) The Hb value by the gas-metric method and photo-metric method gave the same value, though there were some discrepancies each other.(3) The difference of the results by iron estimation and photo-metrical determination using E540= 0.143 was 2.3%.(4) To determine total Hb by MHbCN method, E540 of 0.146 was established.(5) Some correction should be necessary, if the most recently established molecular weight of Hb is applied. For this purpose, international co-operation of the research workers of this field is further needed. At the present time the auther suspended the final decision.


The essay briefly is introducing the water-cooling technology applied in the manufacturing process of the hot-rolled ribbed bars of 20MnSiNb.The mechanical property of the steel bars in the nominal diameter of 16 mm meets the requirement of the hot-rolled ribbed bars grade IV(500 MPa),which provides the basis for the production of the hot-rolled bars of 500 MPa.The test result shows that the grain-refining and the phase transition contributes to the increase of the strength.


Satellite images are widely used for identification of different types of crops, health monitoring and estimating crop production. This study is to analyze the effect of seasonal monsoon rainfall on different types of crops using multispectral and polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The study area for this analysis is around Tezpur town located centrally in the north-eastern state of Assam in India. The major crops produced in this area are rice, tea, sugarcane, lychee. Multispectral images from the Indian Space Research Organization's (ISRO) ResourceSat 2 satellite are used along with dual polarization (HH and HV) SAR images from RISAT 1. The health of the different varieties of crops before and after the monsoon is measured from the multispectral images using modified 2 band Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI2). The ratio of the cross-polarized to co-polarized back scatter (HV/HH) is used as another metric to track the change in volume scatter from the different types of crops. The change in the vegetation index along with the amount of volume backscatter pre- and post-monsoon gives an idea of the effect of rainfall on the vegetation health along with changes in the structure and leaf density for the different types of crops. The results show that there is an increase in HV/HH and decrease in EVI2 for tea, sugarcane and rice during the season while both EVI2 and HV/HH decreased for lychee. This preliminary study shows how complementary information from multispectral and polarimetric SAR images can be fused with improved vegetation monitoring capability.


The article is dedicated to the death in Nekrasov's lyric poetry, being one of topical issues in modern Nekrasov studies. The article analyzes the death in the early works by the poet (Dreams and Sounds collection), coming to conclusion that they reflect Christian concepts of the death typical for Russian romantic poetry of the 1830s. Nekrasov depicts the material world as final, sinful, vicious and striving for death and destruction. Numerous thanatological images and motifs embody idea of a death-striving world. The vale of tears is opposed to the other world, which, in the context of the collection, is perceived as the paradise, Kingdom. The narrator suffers in the human world comparing it to staying in a grave or fetters. In some poems, Nekrasov personifies the death as a good anthropomorphic being or angel. Thus, he understands the death in two ways: on the one hand, dying is a state of the material world, and on the other one, the death is a desired border between the material and heavenly worlds, and a key to eternal bliss. The orientation of some mythopoetic images to Pushkin's, Lermontov's and Aibulat's samples is also investigated in the article.


A new type of agent for stripping aluminum from porous anodic alumina films is researched by the orthogonal experiment. This experimental results show that it is characterized by stable capability, less pollution, simpler operation and good effect of stripping aluminum.


Background: Two large randomized trials of regular salmeterol monotherapy in adults with asthma found an increased risk of asthma-related mortality for salmeterol versus placebo or regular salbutamol. There are no similar large trials in children, and the safety of monotherapy with salmeterol or other long-acting beta2-agonists in children with asthma is unclear. Current guidelines recommend that regular long-acting beta2-agonist therapy should be given only in combination with regular inhaled corticosteroids. However, the safety of combination therapy in children with asthma is also unclear.

Objectives: We used the paediatric trial results from Cochrane systematic reviews to assess the safety of regular long-acting beta2-agonist therapy, either as monotherapy or as combination therapy with inhaled corticosteroids, in children with asthma.

Methods: We searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews in May 2012 for Cochrane reviews relating to the safety of regular formoterol and salmeterol, and ran updated searches for trials for each of the Cochrane reviews. We used odds ratios (ORs) to summarize the direct randomized evidence on safety from trials comparing regular formoterol or regular salmeterol as monotherapy versus placebo and then as combination therapy with inhaled corticosteroids versus the same dose of inhaled corticosteroids. We indirectly compared the safety of monotherapy and combination therapy by testing for differences between the pooled ORs for monotherapy and for combination therapy. We used ORs to summarize the direct randomized evidence on safety from trials comparing regular formoterol with regular salmeterol. We also compared the safety of regular formoterol and regular salmeterol indirectly by calculating an OR for the pooled results of trials assessing formoterol and the pooled results of trials assessing salmeterol, and then combined the direct and indirect evidence by calculating an overall OR for this comparison.

Results: We identified four Cochrane reviews examining the safety of regular formoterol or salmeterol as either monotherapy or combination therapy. The reviews included 19 trials in children and we found two additional studies on salmeterol combination therapy, for a total of 21 trials in 7318 children. We identified two Cochrane reviews comparing the safety of formoterol with salmeterol, which included a single trial in 156 children. We found a statistically significant increase in the odds of suffering a nonfatal serious adverse event in children on formoterol monotherapy [OR = 2.48; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.27–4.83, I2 = 0%, five trials, N = 1335] and smaller nonsignificant increases in odds for salmeterol monotherapy (OR = 1.30; 95% CI = 0.82–2.05, I2 = 17%, five trials, N = 1333), formoterol combination therapy (OR = 1.60; 95% CI = 0.80–3.28, I2 = 32%, seven trials, N = 2788) and salmeterol combination therapy (OR = 1.20; 95% CI = 0.37–2.91, I2 = 0%, five trials, N = 1862). There was no significant difference between the pooled ORs of a serious adverse event on monotherapy (OR = 1.60; 95% CI = 1.10–2.33, 10 trials, N = 2668) and combination therapy (OR = 1.50; 95% CI = 0.82–2.75, 12 trials, N = 4650). However, there was an absolute increase of 21 children (95% CI = 4–45) suffering a severe adverse event of any cause for every thousand children treated over six months on monotherapy, compared with an absolute increase of three (95% CI = 1 fewer to 12 more) per 1000 children over three months on combination therapy. The evidence comparing the safety of regular salmeterol to regular formoterol was limited, and even when direct and indirect evidence were combined, the CI around the effect on serious adverse events was too wide to tell whether there was a difference in the comparative safety of formoterol and salmeterol (OR = 1.26; 95% CI = 0.37–4.32). Only one child died across all the trials, so the impact on mortality could not be assessed.

Authors' conclusions: Although regular combination therapy is likely to be safer than monotherapy in children with asthma, the safety of regular combination therapy with formoterol or salmeterol in children remains uncertain, particularly in terms of mortality. The relative safety of formoterol and salmeterol is also unclear. There are currently large ongoing surveillance studies that may clarify the risks of combination therapy in children and adolescents with asthma. Copyright © 2012 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration


This study examined similarities and differences in study approaches reported by general chemistry students performing at different achievement levels. The study population consisted of freshmen enrolled in a required year-long general chemistry course at the U.S. Naval Academy. Students in the first and second semesters of the course were surveyed using a modified version of the published Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST) referred to as the M-ASSIST (Modified Approaches and Study Skills Inventory). Responses to items associated with using deep or surface approaches to studying were examined for students of three achievement levels (A/B, C, and D/F course grades) using both ANOVA and Structured Means Modeling to look for differences in study approaches between achievement levels. Results show that, with only 12 items, the M-ASSIST can be used to measure differences in reported use of deep and surface approaches by students in different achievement groups; that Structured Means Mo...


Today, several high schools are identified to be feeders of TIP but those are not sufficient in determining the right potential students that will surely finish their college programs in TIP. This study was undertaken to determine the secondary schools where our graduates came from and classify them according to regions, municipality and category. The research method used was descriptive. There were 342 respondents out of 900 graduates of 2007. There were 263 high schools identified to have provided our institution with high school graduates capable of finishing their enrolled college programs. The regions where the high schools are located were also identified. NCR followed by Region IV-A, Region III then Region IV-B and Region V were identified to be the regions where the high school graduates came from. The top 5 municipalities were identified as follows: Manila, Quezon City, Cavite, Mindoro and Bulacan. Public high schools had a 52% contribution to our source of high schools while private high school graduates reached 48%. In comparing the type of school according to region, under type 1, the schools that need to be defended for being top feeder had the same region. For type 2, there were 2 regions that were included in the research output which were not included in the 2007-2008 targeting. These regions are: Region II and Region V. These regions were the top 5 regions where our graduates came from. From the data presented, it was consistent that the following regions were among the top 5: NCR, Region II, Region III, Region IV-A, and Region IV-B, the reason why the two regions were considered among those regions where we should expand our effort. For type 3, the said regions were also considered again for the reason of being consistent as feeder regions. On the other hand, in comparing the schools according to category, research data showed that 48% of the graduates were coming from the private school and 52% were coming from public high schools. The enrolment data of 2003 had a 38% population from private high school and 61.9% coming from the public high schools. The data signified that students coming from the private high schools are more capable of finishing their enrolled program, than those coming from the public high schools.


This paper is devoted to analysing the global Mittag-Leffler stability of fractional-order quaternion-valued neural networks with piecewise constant arguments and impulses. The quaternion direct method is adopted to address the considered model avoiding any decomposition. By utilising the matrix inequality technique and Lyapunov direct method, some sufficient conditions to guarantee the global Mittag-Leffler stability of equilibrium point for the considered model are obtained in the form of quaternion-valued linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). To certify the validity of the derived result, a numerical example is presented.


During work on the elimination of a level crossing, a new railway embankment had to be constructed on a weak sub-soil foundation. The author describes the various methods possible for improving the sub-soil. The most economical method was found to be deep foundations on sunken wooden piles.


Adeeb Noor Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80221, Saudi Arabia firstname.lastname@example.com ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Scattered publications exist detailing the evolution of E-Health services in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. However, the initiation of the Saudi Vision 2030 has brought increased interest in more comprehensive understanding and implementations of E-Health services within the greater health system of the Kingdom. As the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia seeks to diversify its economy, it is also focusing on the development and improvement of all public services through technology and on helping the health sector meet the standards of the western world. The purpose of this research thus was to gather and present not only a kingdom-wide understanding of E-Health service implementations, but also a breakdown of their distribution, practices, and innovations at hospitals in the Kingdom that are moving from traditional health practices to E-Health systems. Data was gathered about 508 hospitals, including bed capacities, accreditation status with the Central Board for Accreditation of Healthcare Institutions (CBAHI), and utilization of 45 identified E-Health services across regions, social sectors, and political affiliations. Overall statistical information across the kingdom is presented as well as graphical depictions of the cross-sectioned data to showcase the number of hospitals which make use of E-Health Systems in the Kingdom. While the Kingdom is growing in its implementation and utilization of E-Health services, there is still great room for expansion in many aspects of Saudi society, particularly in the area of purely electronic E-Health services.


Animal bones and teeth from certain Palaeolithic sites in the Předmosti area were analysed. Mammoth, horse, bovid and reindeer teeth and bones were identified from Předmosti II - Hradisko. Bones and teeth of mammoth, wolf and bear were recognised at Předmosti Ib - hřbitov. From an osteometrical point of view, material is comparable with that from other Palaeolithic sites, including those in the Bohemian and Moravian karst, with the exception of the bones of young horses. The overall composition of the fauna at the sites of concern here suggests that they were settled by humans during the declining phase of a warm interval within the last glacial, a proposal which is compatible with the available radiocarbon dates.


Facility layout in the manufacturing system is an elaborate production activity since multiple, uncertain, and conflicting factors would affect facility layout decisions. Selecting the best facility layout among alternatives is considered as a problematic multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. Generally, the facility layout is evaluated by the MCDM method with redundant factors, separate weights, and independent relationships between factors. To overcome this defect, this paper intends to propose a hybrid fuzzy MCDM method with combination weight (CW) based on integration with Delphi, fuzzy ANP, Entropy, and fuzzy PROMETHEE (CW-DFAE-FP) to select the most suitable facility layout alternative in an aircraft assembly workshop. The application results indicate that this method can effectively obtain the most suitable alternative for facility layout selection. Furthermore, the comparative analysis with other MCDM methods verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method and reveals the selection of weight has an impact on final priority ranking. Finally, sensitivity analysis highlights the performance of the proposed method and provides strategic insights to identify the critical criteria for the best alternative in facility layout.


A new strategy for robust speaker recognition using multiple classifiers in the subband domain is presented. This approach relies on the computation of a basis for the null space to implement an adaptive combination of subband-classifier responses. The simulation results using speech corrupted by different types of environmental noises show that the proposed method significantly outperforms other techniques reported in the literature.


'8Y A New Flexible and Deflectable Tip Guidewire For Coronary Angioplasty and Other Invasive and Interventional Procedures Richard K. Myler, MD,* Jonathan M. Tobis, MD,* David C. Cumberland, MD, Benito Hidalgo, RT In the past decade and a half, there has been a prodigious growth of coronary angioplasty. In large measure, this has occurred because of the evolution and development of angioplasty equip- ment. In the first coronary angioplasty era (1977- 79), the hardware was prototypal, thus limiting the procedure to patients having single vessel disease with stenoses (not occlusions) that were proximal, discrete, concentric and non—calcific that did not involve major side branches nor were located on angulated arterial segments}-5 In the second angioplasty era (1980-82), two From the San Francisco Heart Institute at Seton Medical Center, Daly City, California. *Hold equity positions in Pilot Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Address for reprints: Richard K. Myler, MD, San Francisco Heart Institute at Seton Medical Center, 1900 Sullivan Avenue, Daly City, CA 94015. Vol. 4, No. 8, October 1992 technical advances occurred. The first was the guiding catheter which evolved from an unwieldy 9—10F solid Teflon model to a layered iteration with significantly improved memory and torque control. With the addition of numerous distal con- figurations, stable and coaxial cannulation of coro- nary arteries could be obtained.5 The second major advance was the development and introduction of a guidewire7z3 which permitted advancement through tortuous and branching arteries and across lesions with complex morphology and locat- ed in distal sites. Over the past decade, and in particular during the last 4 years, there have been further advance- ments in angioplasty technology1'5z9'12 with the development of smaller diameter guiding catheters13 and lower profile dilatation catheters, including monorail14«15 and balloon—on— a—wire16r17 devices with balloons that were thinner, more con- 393


Human centromeres form over arrays of tandemly repeated DNA that are exceptionally complex (repeats of repeats) and long (spanning up to 8 Mbp). They also have an exceptionally rapid rate of evolution. The generally accepted model for the expansion/contraction, homogenization and evolution of human centromeric repeat arrays is a generic model for the evolution of satellite DNA that is based on unequal crossing over between sister chromatids. This selectively neutral model predicts that the sequences of centromeric repeat units will be effectively random and lack functional constraint. Here I used shotgun PacBio SMRT reads from a homozygous human fetal genome (female) to determine and compare the consensus sequences (and levels of intra-array variation) for the active centromeric repeats of all the chromosomes. To include the Y chromosome using the same technology, I used the same type of reads from a diploid male. I found many different forms and levels of conserved structure that are not predicted by –and sometimes contradictory to– the unequal crossing over model. Much of this structure is based on spatial organization of three types of ~170 bp monomeric repeat units that are predicted to influence centromere strength (i.e., the level of outer kinetochore proteins): one with a protein-binding sequence at its 5' end (a 17 bp b-box that binds CENP-B), a second that is identical to the first except that the b-box is mutated so that it no longer binds CENP-B, and a third lacking a b-box but containing a 19 bp conserved "n-box" sequence near its 5' end. The frequency and organization of these monomer types change markedly as the number of monomers per repeat unit increases, and also differs between inactive and active arrays. Active arrays are also much longer than flanking, inactive arrays, and far longer than required for cellular functioning. The diverse forms of structure motivate a new hypothesis for the lifecycle of human centromeric sequences. These multifarious levels of structures, and other lines of evidence, collectively indicate that a new model is needed to explain the form, function, expansion/contraction, homogenization and rapid evolution of centromeric sequences.


We examined first-year responses of forest-floor bryophytes to structural retention harvests at four locations in western Washington. Treatments represented a range of retention levels (100%, 75%, 40%, and 15% of original basal area) and spatial patterns (dispersed vs. aggregated in 1 ha patches). Declines in bryophyte cover and species' frequencies were comparably large at 40% and 15% retention. Retention pattern had little effect on the magnitude of decline, although declines in richness tended to be greater in aggregated treatments. Changes in cover were small within forest aggregates (comparable to controls). However, richness declined relative to controls within aggregates at 15% retention; rarer taxa in these exposed patches may be susceptible to edge effects. Declines in species' frequencies and richness were consistently greater in "clear-cut" areas of aggregated treatments than in dispersed retention; liverworts were particularly sensitive to harvest. In cut areas, bryophytes responded positively...


This study explores several methodological areas that may account for in consistency in basketball study findings concerning the cohesion-performance relationship. An average team score for each item and factor appearing on a cohesion questionnaire was calculated for 18 youth teams (ages 10-16) and 17 teams composed of college men (ages 19—22). Both univariate and multivariate relationships between 2 measures of team success and team scores for cohesion items were identified and compared in each age level of competition. The study findings indicate (a) measures of team success, affiliation cohesion, and satisfac tion with team achievements are interrelated in both levels of competition; (b) the magnitude of relationships increased significantly in both the youth and mens teams when moving from simple to multiple correlational techniques; (c) the magnitude of multiple relationships did not differ among each measure of team succcess separately; (d) the magnitude of multiple correlations did not increase when computing canonical correlations in either level of competition; and (e) the magnitude of relationships were not a function of the number of teams in each level of competition.


Photoconductivity of semi‐insulating gallium arsenide illuminated with monochromatic photons in the 0.7–1.8 eV range has been studied. It has been found that photoconductivity strongly depends on the occupancy of deep traps present in the material, so that the photoconductivity measured for the full trap regime is several orders of magnitude larger than one taken when the traps are empty. By selective emptying or filling of traps it was possible to identify the contribution of each particular trap to the photoconductivity enhancement in different temperature intervals.


According to the characteristics of the rapid development of electronic packaging technology,andby comparing the merits and shortcomings of several traditional electronic packaging materials,this article lays stresson matal matrix composite.Further more,it reviews the manufacture and properties of sandwich sheet——KCK(Ko-var/Cu/Kovar),and predicts the developing trends of electronic packaging materials.


Using a 4-step scheme, we have synthesized deuterium-labelled 17α-hydroxypregnenolone for use as internal standard for an isotope dilution/mass spectrometry plasma assay. 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone served as starting material. Its 17α-hydroxygroup was protected by tetrahydropyranylation. Introduction of deuterium by base-catalyzed enolization and protection of the 3-hydroxygroup by acetate formation yielded [2,2,4,21,21,21-2H6]3β,17α-dihydroxypregna-3,5-diene-20-one 3-acetate 17-tetrahydro-pyranyl ether. After reductive deuteration of the 3-ene and removal of the protecting groups [2,2,4,4,21,21,21-2H7] 17α-hydroxypregnenolone was obtained. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The reception of English literature in China is intertwined with China's project of modernization in the twentieth century. This paper looks at English literature as a cultural formation as well as an academic discipline in China at three different historical periods: from the late nineteenth to the mid–twentieth centuries, from the early 1950s to the mid–1970s, and from the end of the Cultural Revolution to the present time. In outlining the history of English literary studies, our purpose is to show that the relocation of English literature in China, either through translation or critical studies, is never just an intellectual or academic operation that is independent of or free from political and ideological engagement, and to show that the development of English literary studies in China must be considered in close relation to the formation and growth of China's modern consciousness. Some of the issues the essay attempts to discuss include: English literature and China's modernity, ideology and literary studies, value and critical positioning.


B B & M T Community respiratory viruses (CRVs), including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza viruses, parainfluenza viruses, adenoviruses, and even rhinoviruses, are significant causes of respiratory infections and accompanying morbidity and mortality among bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients. Although much progress has been made in prevention of these infections through infection-control programs, CRV infections that progress to pneumonia contribute significantly to mortality in the posttransplantation period. At a symposium in Keystone, Colorado, held in February 2001, speakers from 5 transplantation centers and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reviewed studies and guidelines on the management of CRV infections in BMT recipients. Janet A. Englund, MD, reviewed the epidemiology of CRV infections and the importance of early diagnosis, which has been facilitated by the availability of rapid diagnostic tests. Per Ljungman, MD, PhD, reviewed data from the prospective CRV epidemiology study, conducted under the auspices of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation at its 37 member centers. W. Garrett Nichols, MD, reviewed the experience with CRV infections in BMT recipients at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center during the past decade and described 2 ongoing prospective randomized controlled trials of treatment of RSV infection in adult BMT recipients. Roberta H. Adams, MD, reported on the results of a pilot trial of preemptive aerosolized ribavirin treatment of RSV infection in pediatric BMT patients, conducted at the University of Utah, and described the design of an ongoing controlled trial employing the same approach. Clare A. Dykewicz, MD, MPH, reviewed CRV prevention recommendations from the recently issued guidelines on preventing opportunistic infections in hematopoietic stem cell recipients, jointly developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, and the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Finally, I reviewed the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center experience with CRV infections in BMT recipients and noted our progress in prevention and treatment of these life-threatening infections. Today, we have a good grasp of the measures we need to have in place to prevent CRV infections in this vulnerable patient population. Unfortunately, we currently lack data from controlled clinical trials that clearly support the efficacy of any particular therapy for serious respiratory tract infections due to RSV or parainfluenza virus in BMT recipients. There is, however, some indication—primarily for RSV infection—that early diagnosis and treatment with aerosolized ribavirin, with or without intravenous RSV immunoglobulin or monoclonal anti-RSV antibody, may modify the progression of upper respiratory infections to pneumonia and reduce mortality. The outcomes of ongoing trials described here should provide more guidance about when and how to treat CRV infections in BMT recipients. Introduction: Community Respiratory Virus Infections in the Bone Marrow Transplant Population


A field experiment was conducted to evaluate fungicides, bioagents and botanicals in-vivo during rabi , 2011-12 and kharif , 2012-13 to manage anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum capsici on chilli ( Capsicum annuum L.) at Parbhani. All the treatments could effectively reduce the incidence, intensity and coefficient of disease index (CODEX) of anthracnose. Among fungicides, propiconazole (@ 0.1%) recorded least mean disease incidence, intensity, CODEX and increased dry pod yield over the control. The second best fungicide was hexaconazole (@ 0.1%), followed by carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% WP (@ 0.1%), captan (@ 0.25%) and copper oxychloride (@ 0.25%). The Trichoderma viride as a bioagent, and Allium sativum as a botanical could also effectively manage anthracnose. Further, economics [cost: benefit ratio] of all the treatments revealed highest monetary gain in hexaconazole (1:48.43), followed by propiconazole (1:25.68) and copper oxychloride (1:20.00). All the treatments significantly increased dry pod yield, with maximum gross and additional income over the control.


We investigated in total 80 wine samples of different types and seven grape juice and 23 beer samples purchased from markets in Central Europe in order to understand the arsenic (As) speciation and help assess the potential As toxicity via intake of alcoholic beverages. Generally, total As concentrations in most samples investigated were below the drinking water limit 10 µg l−1 published by the World Health Organization (WHO); ranging from 0.46 to 21.0 µg l−1 As in red and white wines and from 0.75 to 13.4 µg l−1 As in beers. In addition, concentrations of total As in rice wine and in rice beer were 0.63–6.07 and 3.69–8.23 µg l−1 As, respectively. The total As concentrations in ice wine ranged from 7.94 to 18.8 µg l−1 As, significantly higher than in white and red wine. Arsenite predominated as the As species in most of the wine samples, whereas arsenate was the dominant species in rice wine, beer and rice beer. Methyl As components were usually minor components in all wine and beer samples. Monomethylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid and two additional unknown As species were frequently found in grape juice, late harvest and ice wine with higher sweetness. After air exposure, arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid were stable at 4°C for months, probably due to the acidic conditions of wine and beer samples. The presence of sulfite had little influence on As speciation in wine. Despite the predominance of more toxic arsenite and arsenate in wine and beer, the estimated weekly exposure to As (via consumption of beer, wine and rice wine) is low. The As intake per capita is 6.81 µg from beer, <1.93 µg from wine and 0.88 µg from rice wine, estimated using the median of total As concentration multiplied by the average consumption per capita of the corresponding beverage.


Fission surface power (FSP) systems could be used to provide power anytime, anywhere on the surface of the Moon or Mars. FSP systems could be used at polar locations, at locations away from the poles, or in permanently shaded regions, with excellent performance at all sites. A potential reference 40 kWe option has been devised that is cost-competitive with alternatives while providing more power for less mass anywhere on the lunar surface. The reference FSP system (FSPS) is also readily extensible for use on Mars. At Mars the system would be capable of operating through global dust storms and providing year-round power at any Martian latitude. Under the NASA Exploration Technology Development Program (ETDP), NASA and the Department of Energy (DOE) have begun technology development on Fission Surface Power (FSP). The primary customer for this technology is the NASA Constellation Program which is responsible for the development of surface systems to support human exploration on the moon and Mars. The objectives of the FSP technology project are: 1) Develop FSP concepts that meet expected surface power requirements at reasonable cost with added benefits over other options. 2) Establish a hardware-based technical foundation for FSP design concepts and reduce overall development risk. 3) Reduce the cost uncertainties for FSP and establish greater credibility for flight system cost estimates. 4) Generate the key products to allow Agency decision-makers to consider FSP as a viable option for flight development. To be mass efficient, FSP systems must operate at higher coolant temperatures and use different types of power conversion than typical terrestrial systems. The primary reason is the difficulty in rejecting excess heat to space. Although many options exist, NASA s current reference FSP system uses a fast spectrum, pumped-NaK cooled reactor coupled to a Stirling power conversion subsystem. The reference system uses technology with significant terrestrial heritage while still providing excellent performance on the surface of the moon or Mars. Recent testing at NASA s Early Flight Fission Test Facility (EFF-TF) has helped assess the viability of the reference FSP system, and has helped evaluate methods for system integration. In June, 2009, a representative pumped NaK loop (provided by Marshall Space Flight Center) was coupled to a Stirling power converter (provided by Glenn Research Center) and tested at various conditions representative of those that would be seen during actual FSP system operation. In all areas, performance of the integrated system exceeded project goals. High-temperature NaK pump testing has also been performed at the EFF-TF, as has testing of methods for providing long-duration NaK purity.


Skin lightening additives and skin lightening compositions having an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor are described. The compositions are suitable for topical application and may comprise inhibitors like galanthamine, taspine or both.


In an endeavor to write a history of traditional Chinese architecture during the 1930s–1940s, Liang Sicheng (1901–1972) employed photography as the primary method of visual documentation because of its alleged ability to represent reality objectively. This article reexamines Liang's survey photographs in light of the different interests in China's cultural past taken by the state and foreign powers. In particular, by comparing photographs taken by Japanese architectural historians, whose research in China informed and justified Japan's intention to construct a Japan‐centered Pan‐Asianism, I argue that Liang's images of ancient buildings not only helped define China's cultural heritage, but also evoked a nostalgic view of the past—a vision, to Liang, to be the only means of preserving China's architectural tradition during the most tumultuous years in modern China.


Cultural ecosystem services has been increasingly influential in both environmental research and policy decision-making, such as for urban green spaces However, its popular definition conflates the concepts of 'services' and 'benefits' which made it challenging for planners to employ it directly for urban green space management. One the most widely used definition of this non-tangible ecosystem services are "functions of environmental spaces and cultural activities which may then result in the enjoyment of cultural ecosystem benefits"; yet the latter itself have never found its way into official laws and regulations. In this study, via a case study in Singapore, we propose new evidence to re-evaluate and re-position the two of the most important emerging concepts in managing the green spaces in urban areas. Using the transdisciplinary mixed methods of public participation GIS and social media text mining analysis, a wealth of cultural ecosystem services and their associated benefits were reported. This was especially so with regards to recreational and aesthetic services and experiential benefits. Recommendations to improve the park were also suggested, alongside sharing of methodological considerations for future research. Overall, this paper recommends the employment of the redefined cultural ecosystem services conceptual framework to generate relational, data-driven and actionable insights to better support urban green space management, which is not only useful to Singapore governments but also world-wide relevant.


Vascular injury resulting from percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and subsequent thrombus formation are important factors in the pathogenesis of coronary arterial restenosis. The present study was undertaken to determine whether infusions of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), beginning immediately after PTCA, would decrease the renarrowing of the coronary arterial lumen. Patients were randomized and divided into two groups: one group (15 patients, 16 lesions) received continuous, 3-day, intravenous infusions of tPA (0.25 mg/kg/day in 0.9% saline), beginning immediately after successful PTCA, while the other group (17 patients, 17 lesions) received saline alone. Coronary angiography was performed before, immediately after, 24 hours after, and 3 months after PTCA. Coronary stenosis (%), reference diameters, and minimum luminal diameters were measured by quantitative coronary angiography. The incidence of restenosis tended to be lower in the tPA group than in the placebo group (tPA group, 13%; placebo group, 41%; NS), although diameter stenoses before and immediately after PTCA were not significantly different in the two groups. Three months later, however, diameter stenoses were significantly smaller in the tPA group (35.6 ± 13.3 vs 47.7 ± 18.9%; P<0.05). Thus, intravenous tPA infusion beginning immediately after successful PTCA may inhibit renarrowing of the coronary arterial lumen.


5G new radio (5G-NR) enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) scenario demands a high data throughput of up to 20Gb/s, leading to an urgent need for low complexity and high throughput decoding algorithms for 5G-NR low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, the coding scheme of 5G eMBB data channel. Quantization of input and intermediate signals enables the data throughput enhancement and the computation and storage overhead reduction of LDPC decoder, but confronts the problem of performance degradation. In addition, conventional analysis tools show limitation on the accurate asymptotic performance prediction of quantized and normalized LDPC decoding algorithms. In this paper, we first introduce modified multi-edge type density evolution (MET-DE) to the asymptotic performance prediction of quantized and adaptive normalized min-sum algorithm (ANMSA). Then we adopt adaptive asymmetric quantization strategy for MET LDPC codes, combine it with conventional adaptive normalization technique, and further propose adaptive quantized and normalized min-sum algorithm (AQNMSA), which significantly alleviates the performance degradation of fixed quantized and normalized min-sum algorithm (NMSA) with negligible increment of computational complexity. Concurrently, we provide a novel look-up table design algorithm for AQNMSA based on the analysis tool of modified MET-DE. Finally, we apply AQNMSA to 5G-NR LDPC codes with a very low quantization bit-width of 4 bits for intermediate signals, and observe a comparable or superior decoding performance compared with its float-point non-adaptive counterparts under multiple code rates.


Thesaural lexicons, in particular Roget's International Thesaurus, represent a rich knowledge-base of culturally validated semantic associations which extend over most of the English language. It has been shown that the Thesaurus can be a valuable tool in non-domain-specific approaches to natural language Artificial Intelligence. The importance of this approach is being able to go beyond the explicit semantic connections within categories of association into the implicit semantic connections between categories. The implementation of Robert Bryan's mathematical model for abstract thesauri is directed toward this implicit structure.
Bryan's model defines a strong semantic connectedness between two entries by a structure called a Type-10 chain. Type-10 connectedness is also an equivalence relation which defines a partition of the thesaurus. These strongly connected components can be used as a tool for disambiguation of homographs (words which are spelled identically which may have different meanings) an important feature of any natural language interface. The implementation of the model involves decomposition by the recently developed Method of Quarters. This algorithm is used to reduce the combinatoric complexity of the model.. Using this method, the authors were able to compute all 139,638 Type-10 components and locate 23,858 Type-10 homographs at the semi-colon category level in Roget's International Thesaurus, 3rd Edition.
The present focus of the research is to combine a feature-based parser which will decompose sentences into syntactic components and then resolve any semantic ambiguities by application of the implicit semantic structures in the lexicon of Type-10 homographs. This technique is now being developed for a Student Advising Expert System. This work can also be extended to use semantic structures not only as a lexicon for the disambiguation of homographs, but also for text generation and for abstract classification applications.


Accurate knowledge about AIDS transmission is pivotal to combating the spread of HIV infection and the risks of re-infection. Using multiple linear regression, the determinants of AIDS knowledge were investigated in a survey of 512 site-based construction workers in the Western Cape. Over a third of survey participants indicated poor levels of AIDS knowledge. Ethnicity, level of education, employment status and acquaintance with an HIV+ person were significant in predicting AIDS knowledge. Gender, age, multiple sex partners in the preceding 3 months and condom use at last sex were not found to be significant determinants of AIDS knowledge. Workplace interventions by employers, whilst focusing on all employees, should concentrate their efforts on identifying and targeting those demographic sub-populations that are at greatest risk of having poorer levels of AIDS knowledge.


Movement between habitats in river fish assemblages is often restricted by instream structures such as culverts. The ability of diadromous common jollytail, Galaxias maculatus (Jenyns), and spotted galaxias, Galaxias truttaceus (Val.), to pass upstream through an in situ pipe culvert modified through the installation of baffles was assessed. Spoiler baffles (100 x 70 x 28 or 56 mm) were installed in three spatial arrangements along a 5.5-m section of the pipe, and individual fish passage assessed at three flow velocities (0.35, 0.70 and 1.0 m s1). Common jollytails (43 - 169 mm fork length, FL) were 10 times more successful in passing when baffles were present than under control conditions (baffles absent). Baffle size did not influence success, which increased with the spatial complexity of the baffle arrangement. Across all velocities, common jollytails (46 - 132 mm FL) and spotted galaxias (55 - 190 mm FL) were, respectively, 86 and 73 times more successful with the most complex baffle arrangement (overall 80% success) compared with control conditions (overall 13.5% success). Success for both species decreased at higher velocities under control conditions; however, when baffles were present, this trend persisted only for common jollytails. Installing small spoiler baffles may provide a simple, cost-effective solution to passage problems at culverts.


This paper analyses articles 129 to 126 of the Spanish Civil Procedure Law (Ley 1/2000, 7 January, of Civil Judgment; BOE No. 7, 8.1.2007), regarding legal actions, specifically where legal actions are lodged, working days and hours, the assumptions in respect of which days qualify and times which not available, the time limits and the conclusions, their calculation, the inextendability of the time limits, the submission of briefs in respect of timing requirements for legal actions and their preclusion.


Carnivalesque theory has been used as a model and a structure in the works carried out in many fields such as communication, literature, and sociology. In fact, Carnivalesque appears in many environments/areas, particularly in the social networks, which are the manifestation of social life. This chapter examines social networks in the context of carnivalesque theory to reveal facts of carnivalesque in Twitter. Content analysis technique was used in the research. Research data came from 10 Twitter accounts which have a maximum number of followers in Turkey. These data were analyzed and examined in terms of grotesque, dialogism, carnival laughter, upside-down world, marketplace, and marketplace speech belonging to the carnivalesque theory. According to the findings, the structure of Twitter, which is one of the most popular social networks in Turkey, is largely similar to the structure of the carnival and features of carnivalesque theory. Carnivalesque Theory and Social Networks: A Qualitative Research on Twitter Accounts in Turkey


Reduced complexity implementation of the successive cancellation decoding algorithm for polar codes with Reed-Solomon kernel is presented. The proposed approach is based on the representation of Reed-Solomon codes as Arikan polar codes over F2m with dynamic frozen symbols, and application of list successive cancellation decoding algorithm.


Aim To review the infants in our district general hospital receiving delayed treatment for DDH i.e. those infants who had more than one ultrasound scan prior to diagnosis and treatment. In this group all scans were abnormal at the time of treatment but the scans at first presentation were normal for age when reviewed by our senior radiologist. Method An audit was performed of all the children attending our institution from 2008–2011 for treatment of DDH following diagnosis with clinical examination and dynamic ultrasound. A senior radiologist and consultant orthopaedic surgeon independently assessed the scans. Two questions were asked (a) were the scans at the time of treatment normal or abnormal and (b) in those who were treated following a repeat scan, was the initial scan normal. Results 33 infants were treated for DDH, 8 of whom received treatment after more than one scan. In 3 cases the child had evidence of instability at first examination, 1 had limited abduction and 1 had asymmetrical thigh creases. The remaining 3 had scans that were deemed normal for age by the radiologist but due to suspicion from the treating surgeon they had a repeat examination and scan. Conclusion This study although small in numbers highlights the need for a completely normal examination in the presence of a normal ultrasound scan before the diagnosis of DDH can be dismissed.


A lthough tracheal intubation receives much attention, especially with regard to management of the difficult airway, tracheal extubation has received relatively little emphasis. The scope and significance of problems occurring after tracheal extubation are real. Adverse outcomes involving the respiratory system comprise the single largest class of injury reported in the ASA Closed Claims Study (1). Obvious adverse events related to tracheal extubation accounted for 35 of the 522 or 7% of the respiratoryrelated claims. Certainly additional morbidity related to extubation could be accounted for in other categories of adverse respiratory events, such as inadequate ventilation, airway obstruction, bronchospasm, and aspiration. Others have documented a 4%-9% incidence of serious adverse respiratory events in the immediate postextubation period (2,3) and preventable anesthesia-related etiologies were noted as important by Ruth et al. (2). Mathew et al. (4), in a retrospective review of more than 13,000 anesthetics, noted that emergency tracheal reintubations occurred in only 0.19% of patients, and that the majority of tracheal reintubations were due to preventable anesthesia-related factors. Perhaps a greater percentage of patients experience postextubation difficulties but do not require reintubation of the trachea. Reasons for tracheal reintubation in the intensive care setting may differ, but the reported incidence in that arena is similarly 4% (5). Anesthesiologists recognize the immediate postextubation period as one where patients are particularly vulnerable. Events such as laryngospasm, aspiration, inadequate airway patency, or inadequate ventilatory drive can occur and frequently result in hypoxemia. Such hypoxemia is most often corrected within minutes. Less frequently, postextubation hypoxemia can rapidly result in serious morbidity. In this report we will review the known physiologic and pathophysiologic changes associated with anesthesia and surgery that can influence respiratory function after tracheal