This study examined the nexus between exposure to western culture through the forces of globalization, sexual exploration and cohabiting culture among University undergraduate students. Descriptive survey design was utilised for the study. Questionnaire and interviews were used to elicit information from randomly selected 700 respondents. Data collected was analysed using a pie chart, bar chart, for descriptive analysis, while Mean, Standard Deviation and Cramer's V test were used for inferential statistics with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings of this study depict a synergy between several interconnected factors predisposing Nigerian students most especially the undergraduate students of University of Ilorin to cohabitation. Ultimately, the finding of the study signifies the role of globalization as a predictor of cohabiting culture among the Undergraduate students of the University of Ilorin. The government and University authority must find a way of regulating and monitoring the conduct of the students on social media to regulate the type of content they are exposed to. Students should be adequately enlightened during orientations about the dangers of cohabitation. Parents should be encouraged to visit their children and find where and whom they live while in school. Keywords: Globalisation, Cohabiting culture, Undergraduate students, University of Ilorin.


The main aim of this contribution was to demonstrate a way of objectifying various aspects of musical thinking by analysing the continuously running EEG. In this respect, the determination of coherence between the brain‐electric activities at all possible recording sites (i.e., 171, for the 19 electrodes we use), together with power at these sites proved to be a useful method. For data reduction, only statistically significant differences between resting periods (usually 1 min) and periods of musical thinking were considered. This procedure was performed for each of six frequency bands between 1 and 31.5 Hz. The results of both group and individual experiments are reported. In group studies, listening to music involved mainly the temporal regions of both hemispheres, yet in different frequency ranges. The results proved to be specific and clearly differed from those obtained during tasks involving mental arithmetic, silent reading, listening to text and others. Moreover, musically trained subjects produce...


We present an approach to a personalized learning service that takes advantage of social tagging to support social learning in context and provides learning resources adapted to the abilities and needs of an individual learner. We employ graph clustering technique in order to group tags into clusters having different contexts, learner's personomy to discover the learning context of the targeted learner, and Formal Concept hierarchy theory to hierarchically cluster learning resources and retrieve the relevant resources to the learner's needs.


ABSTRACT Taking up the responses some relatively recent immigrants to the United States had to responses to the 2020 Campaign, this article argues for a postnational perspective on (U.S. American) presidential public address. I develop this argument in two brief sections. First, I demonstrate that rhetorical tropology alone cannot explain the thematic of democracy's vulnerability that emerged in many people's reactions to the aftermath of the 2020 presidential elections. I then turn to precarity as a principle of disenclosure to relate some of the populist sentiments that surfaced during the 2020 campaign to global currents of precarity catalyzed, in part, by the COVID-19 pandemic.


The Gandhi the world knows was the Mahatma, the 'great soul' who led India's drive for independence from British domination, the prophet of non-violent revolution, and the practitioner of civil disobedience. The Gandhi the world does not know was the spindling lad from Kathiawad, so determined to see England that he defied his sub-caste's chief and cheerfully accepted outcasteing as the price of making the polluting voyage to an impure land. The Gandhi the world has forgotten was the shy young lawyer who sang 'God save our gracious Queen' as fervently as any other subject of Her Majesty Queen Victoria—even after suffering the bitterest insults and beatings in South Africa because of his brown skin and his loyalty to his Indian heritage. Mahatmas are made, not born, and the making of this Mahatma was a long and often painful process. We can add to our understanding of that process by piecing together hundreds of bits of information about the first eighteen years of Gandhi's life—information from his own writings and from the Indian environment which shaped his evolution from infancy to young manhood.


Blood sampies were obtained periodically before and for about 3 mo after renal transplantationfrom a donor (mother) and a recipient (9‐yr‐old son with bilateral nephrectomy) for determination of serum protein binding of salicylate and sulfisoxazole. Ten days after the transplant, the recipient had an acute rejection episode which was treated successfully. The free fraction values of the drugs in serum of the recipient were considerably above normal before transplantation, decreased to normal within 2 days after transplantation, increased again several days before the rejection episode and remained elevated for about 50 days, and then returned to normal. Serum protein binding of the drugs in the serum of the donor was decreased for only a few days after transplantation and then returned to normal.


Rice is the single largest food source for the poor and the source of one quarter of global per capita. In India, rice is cultivated in an area of 43 million hectares (GOI, 2016). As far as Kerala is concerned, the major crop rice is an integral part of the wetland ecosystem with specific ecological functions. However, the recent years have witnessed the rapid decline in paddy area. Over the last three decades, area under rice in Kerala declined from 8.5 lakh ha to 1.99 lakh ha (FIB, 2017). According to the long term studies conducted International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 11 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


The twentieth century saw the development of high technologies, the emergence of the Internet. Part of the Internet is becoming a larger percentage of global information space. Through this global information network possible negative invasion of information resources of other countries. In this regard, principally in the understanding of humanity has changed the concept of "war". With the development of information and communication systems, it is possible to conduct "covert" war. The article defines the basic terms "national security", "information security", "information warfare" and "political stability", as well as their interdependence. Author presents a classification of the main types of national security. Reveals the basic forms of information warfare (propaganda, misinformation, cyber attacks) and especially at the present stage. The paper shows the possibility of political influence on the activities of other States through the use of information and communication tools, as well as possible ways to protect information from intrusion.


The Dongbatu Shan (DBTS, also known as the Nanjie Shan), which interrupts the northern Tibetan foreland in the Dunhuang basin, is an active anticline. It has accommodated the northwestern growth of the eastern Altyn Tagh fault system (ATF). Although several thrust faults have been identified around the DBTS, their evolution history and influence on regional landscape have received little attention during the late-Quaternary. In this study, several geomorphic methods are used to investigate the interaction between drainage development and tectonic movement around DBTS. Based on high-resolution satellite images, field investigation, and cosmogenic nuclide 10Be dating method, the fluvial landform sequences around DBTS were constructed. Using quantitative geomorphology methods including landscape relief profile, asymmetry factor (AF), and transverse topographic symmetry factor (T), we hypothesize that drainage deflection is controlled by multi-segment fault growth. Combining the results of the above-mentioned methods, we propose that Yulin He, flowing across the DBTS, had gone through several abandonments since the late mid-Pleistocene due to the lateral propagation of DBTS. Affected by the discharge of channel and multi-segment fault growth, our research confirms that the direction of river abandonment may have decoupled with the mountain range propagation trend. Based on the chronology dating, the DBTS has gone through two severe uplifts since ∼208 ka and the shortening rate across the central DBTS is constrained to be ∼1.47 mm/yr since ∼83 ka. Given the fact that thrust faults are widely developed around DBTS, we propose that the flower-like structure formed by the northward growth of the eastern ATF could better explain the development of the secondary subparallel faults.


Different methods were used to extract the green walnut husk with water.The tested bioactivity of the extracts demonstrate that:(1) There exist inhibitive substances for plant growth in the extracts,and inhibition rate increased with the increase of the concentration of the extracts;(2) The extraction methods imposed direct influence on the bioactivity of the extracts,with the same concentration of extracts,the inhibition rates of the hydreous extracts were in the order of fresh sample(extracted by hot water fresh sample(cold water)dried sample(hot water)dried sample(cold water);(3) The allelochemicals in green walnut husk have different inhibitions on different tested materials.The inhibition rate on the growth of clover seedlings was higher than that on wheat seedlings.


Two wildland fire models and methods for assimilating data in those models are presented. The EnKF is implemented ina distributed-memory high-performance computing environment. Data assimilation methods are developed combining EnKF with Tikhonov regularization to avoid nonphysical states and with the ideas of registration and morphing from image processing to allow large position corrections. The data assimilation methods can track the data even in the presence of large corrections, while avoiding divergence. The methods can assimilate gridded data, but the assimilation of station data and steering of data acquisition is left to future developments. A semi-empirical fire spread model is implemented by the level-set method and coupled with the WRF model.


The stability of dimethoxydiphenylsilane (DDS) in natural placement and in changed temperature with line was studied separately,their results were agreement.The activation energy of DDS is 138.151 5 kJ/mol.The reaction rate constant of DDS in 25 ℃ is 1.073×10 -4 /day. The equation of relationship between reaction rate constant and temperature was established.The valid time of DDS could be calculated exactly.The concentration of DDS after stored could be calculated right in advance.The decomposition reaction kind of DDS was analyzed.


Born on July 20, 1937, as the youngest of three children, my father spent his early childhood years in Reichenbach/Görlitz, Germany, where his parents operated a residential school for children with special needs. After fleeing, together with the school's 100 students, from the approaching front lines during the last months of World War II, his family moved around to various places in Austria and Germany between 1945 and 1948. They finally settled in Delmenhorst in northern Germany, where my father attended secondary school and developed his lifelong interests in classical music, track and field, and mathematics. He took up the piano at age 15, nine years after his first musical instrument, a violin, and any dreams of playing it, had been crushed when one of his sisters plopped herself into the chair where my father had left the instrument after trying it out for the first time. Though not much of an athlete himself, he took to memorizing the track and field performances of both his classmates and the professional athletes of the time. He thus earned himself the honor of being designated "best theoretical athlete" by his peers at their high school graduation in 1957.


The  Hippo‐YAP/TAZ  signaling  pathway  is  an  evolutionarily  conserved  signaling pathway  involved  in a broad  spectrum of biological processes,  including  tumorigenesis. Whilst aberrant Hippo‐YAP/TAZ signaling is frequently reported in various cancers, the genetic alterations of  this  pathway  are  relatively  rare,  suggesting  regulation  at  the  post‐transcriptional  level. MicroRNAs play key role  in tumorigenesis by regulating gene expression post‐transcriptionally. Amongst the cancer‐relevant microRNAs, miR‐582‐5p suppresses cell growth and  tumorigenesis by  inhibiting  the  expression of oncogenes,  including AKT3, MAP3K2  and NOTCH1. Given  the oncogenic role of YAP/TAZ  in solid  tumors, we scrutinized  the possible  interplay between miR‐ 582‐5p and Hippo‐YAP/TAZ  signaling. Correlation  analysis  in NSCLC  cells  revealed  a positive relationship between the expression of mature miR‐582‐5p and the proportion of phosphorylated YAP/TAZ. Intriguingly, YAP/TAZ knockdown reduced the expression of mature miR‐582‐5p but increased  that  of  primary  miR‐582.  Overexpression  of  miR‐582‐5p  resulted  in  increased phosphorylation  of YAP/TAZ with  a  concomitant  reduction  in  cell  proliferation  and  enhanced apoptosis. Mechanistically, we find that miR‐582‐5p targets actin regulators NCKAP1 and PIP5K1C, which may be responsible for the observed alteration in F‐actin, known to modulate YAP/TAZ. We postulate that regulation of the actin cytoskeleton by miR‐582‐5p may attenuate YAP/TAZ activity. Citation: Zhu, B.; V, M.; Finch‐Edmondson, M.; Lee, Y.; Wan, Y.; Sudol, M.; DasGupta, R. miR‐582‐5p is a Tumor Suppressor microRNA Targeting the Hippo‐YAP/TAZ Signaling Pathway in Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers 2021, 13, 756. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/cancers13040756


1. The radial turbine wheel for a gas turbine engine, comprising: - a hub having a back surface extending around the rotational axis, and! - a plurality of turbine blades disposed on the hub at regular intervals and to form in said rear surface of arcuate recesses, the radius of the arcuate recesses defined as the interval between the rotation axis and the back surface in the region between each pair of said plurality of turbine blades, and the radius of the end face of the blade defined as the interval between the axis of rotation of the pen and the end of each of the plurality of turbine blades, are selected such that the ratio of the radius of the arcuate recess to a radius end of pen component less than 0.6. ! 2. Turbine wheel according to claim 1, wherein the arcuate recess has a concave profile facing radially inward of said rear surface. ! 3. Turbine wheel according to claim 2, characterized in that the arcuate recess provides a smooth transition of the trailing edge of each turbine blade in a hub at its rear surface. ! 4. Turbine wheel according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that a plurality of turbine blades protruding forward relative to the back surface. ! 5. Turbine wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the radius of the arcuate recess to a radius end of the pen is 0.55.


PECL is widely used in serial data transmission circuit.In this paper the electronics features and implementation of PECL circuit are introduced.Several general coupling circuits,including interfaces between PECL with itself or other voltage logic,are produced.Particularly,based on a example of interconnection between PECL and LVPECL,an alternating current(AC)coupling circuit is designed.Judging from the working result,the design of the interface circuit is reasonable.


The methodology of the Lean startup is the latest hype in Silicon Valley and was predicted to change everything. Based on Toyota's Lean principles of Lean Manufacturing and Steve Blank's customer development process, it focuses on a set of guidelines to build a startup agile and iteratively, based on hypotheses validation and customer feedback. However almost six years after its first recognition, and three years after the publication its best-selling book The Lean Startup: How Today's Entrepreneurs Use Continuous Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses", by Lean Startup pioneer Eric Ries, there is still practically no scientific evidence that would justify the hype. As this fosters skepticism if the methodology is as revolutionary as it was claimed, this paper takes a look on possible flaws. Using theoretically reflections and practical experiences of various actors in the startup community, its pitfalls are evaluated. The evaluation of the collected information grants insight that even there is nothing plainly wrong with the methodology, the Lean startup has to be applied with caution and a grain of salt. Pitfalls are lurking inter alia at its handling with marketing and sales, the MVP and preferred customer group. Purpose of this paper is to grant first insights to a predominately unexploited area of the Lean Startup and to create a foundation for further research.


The virtual reality (VR) provides us a three-dimensional, immersive, and fully interactive visualization environment. To make the best use of the VR's potential in scientific visualization, a VR visualization software named VFIVE has been developed for the CAVE-type VR system. VFIVE enables simulation researchers to analyze three-dimensional scalar and vector fields by various visualization methods including real time volume rendering in the CAVE's room sized booth. Some basic visualization tools of VTK have been integrated to VFIVE, too.


Objective To study the relationships between sex hormones levels and carotid intima-media thickness(IMT) in middle-aged men with type 2 diabetes.Methods One hundred male patients diagnosed type 2 diabetes clinically aged from 40 to 60 were selected in this study.One hundred middle-aged healthy men were studied as Control.Blood samples were collected in the morning and TT,FT,DHEAS,SHBG,E2,LH,FSH were measured.All men,IMT and plaques were analysed by altrasound.Results The levels of TT,FT and DHEAS were decreased significantly(P0.01)and the level of SHBG was significantly increased(P 0.01).The diabetes subjects displayed markedly carotid intima-media thickness(P0.05).The level of FT was inversively correlated with IMT(r =-0.516,P= 0.023).Conclusion The androgen levels in middle-aged male patients with type 2 diabetes were decreased significantly and the level of FT was negatively correlated with IMT.


In this study, we evaluated the temporal resolution of a new microPET system in mice. We then applied the high resolution capability for determining the cardiovascular transit time which is an important physiological parameter in the study of animal models of cardiovascular disease. Two groups of mice, group 1 (n=12) with high body weight and group 2 (n=10) with low body weight, were studied. Each mouse was injected with a 18F-deoxyglucose (FDG; 40-50 /spl mu/L; 8-48 MBq) bolus and a list mode PET acquisition was started. MicroCT was performed for attenuation correction. We histogrammed the first 9 seconds of the list mode data into frames of 0.2 s-0.5 s duration. After the images were reconstructed and attenuation corrected, the ROIs were assigned to the following structures: vena cava, right and left ventricle blood pool (RV&LV), left lung and aorta. A time activity curve (VAC) of each ROI was generated. To correct for the recirculation, the end of each TAC was approximated by an exponential decay curve. The transit time (TT) was then calculated as the difference of the mean arrival times of the bolus in RV and LV. Short time frames of 0.3 s proved to be the best in terms of reducing noise and at the same being able to follow the rapid physiological processes. The peaks of the TACs showed good separation in various structures if the time spread of the bolus in the vena cava measured as full width of half maximum (FWHM) was shorter than 2 s. Group 1 had significantly (p<0.05) longer TT as expected than those of group 2.


Mobile Instant Messaging (MIM) systems have produced a new convention in writing where vowels are often omitted, where new suffixes have appeared, where numerals and symbols often appear in the place of letters which have a similar shape or sound, and where words are often spelled phonetically. A word such as mister may be spelled numerous ways including mista and mistr (with new suffixes). When both participants to a MIM conversation understand these new spelling conventions, there is no problem. But in a situation such as automated topic spotting, it is advantageous to attempt to associate these new spellings (mista and mistr) back to the original word (mister). This paper describes work in creating a spelling corrector for MIM conversations for use after stop words have been removed from a conversation, after words have been stemmed, and after double letters have been collapsed to single letters. Four different similarity calculations Jaccard, Sørensen-Dice, Cosine, and Overlap are investigated and tested with historical data from the Dr Math mobile tutoring environment. This research found that the Overlap similarity calculation was the least accurate of the four measured. In situations where the length of the various words were the same, Sørensen-Dice and Cosine similarity calculations were identical. Jaccard and Sørensen-Dice worked equally well, however, they required different numerical cut-off values for misspelled words.


Literature on objectification has largely demonstrated the relationship between exposure to objectified media models and body dissatisfaction for women. The aim of the research presented here is to extend the study of the consequences of such exposure - examining both male and female models - in relation to psychological well-being, self-esteem and endorsement of sexist attitudes. 166 university students (51.8% male) participated in the study. Results showed that exposure to objectified male models decreases men's well-being, while exposure to objectified female models not only decreases women's well-being but also their perception of attractiveness and social esteem. Furthermore, female objectification influences men's sexism, increasing hostility towards women and at the same time reducing the hostility toward their own gender. The implications are discussed.


Be aimed at concrete surface damages of hydraulic concrete structures, a high strength repairing mortar was made in this paper. The mechanical properties and durability of repairing mortar were studied. Samples of repairing mortar preparation in laboratory and in field were tested respectively and its repair process and quality control was discussed. The results show that the repairing mortar has good mechanical property, obviously anti-abrasion property and excellent bonding performance. It can play an important role in concrete repairing in the field of hydraulic engineering. The sample property from field is a little lower than of laboratory made but still superior to design index. To achieve good repairing effect, construction technology and quality control is also the important factor.


The Foundation for People with Learning Disabilities, a part of the Mental Health Foundation (MHF), has set up a programme on meeting the spiritual needs of people with learning disabilities, supported by the Shirley Foundation. The MHF for over 50 years has funded research and community development projects to improve the lives of people with mental health problems and people with learning disabilities.


Background. Nowadays processing of signal polarizations is widely applied in modern information and telecommunication radio engineering systems for different purposes. Commonly polarization processing is carried out in polarization adaptive antenna systems. The essential elements of such systems are transformation devices for polarization processing. They perform the transformation of the types of polarization and separate the different types to isolated channels. The most simple, effective, technological and actual for analysis are polarizers based on square waveguides with irises and posts.
Objective. The purpose of this work is to improve the electromagnetic characteristics of an adjustable polarizer by creating a mathematical model of such device. The device must provide optimized polarization and matching characteristics.
Methods. The article presents a mathematical model of a waveguide polarizer with irises and posts by the decomposition method using wave transmission and scattering matrices. The developed model takes into account the influence of the polarizer design parameters on its characteristics.
Results. The article contains the results of calculations based on the developed mathematical model of the polarizer. In addition, the results of modelling of the device using the finite element method are presented for comparison. For the developed waveguide polarizer we have compared the polarization characteristics and the matching.
Conclusions. The created mathematical model allows us to effectively analyse the characteristics when the design parameters change. These parameters include the size of the wall of the square waveguide, the heights of the irises and posts, the distance between them, the thickness of the irises and posts. The developed polarizer is recommended for the application in modern telecommunication and radar systems.


We document a recently noticed phenomenon in which post-SM4 ACS/WFC raw images appear to have a lower pixel value ceiling than expected. During readout of an exposure, if a given pixel would have a value in excess of 2 − 1 = 65,535 DN after converting to DN from electrons given the gain setting, the A-to-D converter should simply record a value of 65,535 for that pixel. This is the case for pre-SM4 images, but for post-SM4 images, there appears to be a bug which causes the ceiling value to be slightly lower, and somewhat variable, typically in the range of 64,500 ± 1,000 DN. The cause of this issue is presently unknown, but it affects only a small number (∼ 100) of archival images and is not expected to affect any future ACS observing programs. The ACS team has now rectified the data quality flagging to catch such A-to-D saturated pixels, which should be treated as unusable. 1 Description of the Issue At the end of an exposure, electrons that have accumulated in the ACS/WFC CCD pixels are read out and the measured charge level is converted to data numbers (DN) by the analog-to-digital converter (ADC), which are then recorded in the raw images. The number Copyright c ©2020 The Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Figure 1: Side-by-side comparison of two post-SM4 raw WFC images, zoomed-in on a saturated star. The two images are from the same observing program, same filter, same pointing, but use different gain settings: CCDGAIN=1 on the left, and CCDGAIN=2 on the right. Also shown above each image is the corresponding table of pixel values of the 5 × 5 pixel region centered on the crosshair. Since the pixels along the central column have values in excess of 47,000 DN in the CCDGAIN=2 image (right), which corresponds to & 90,000 electrons, we expect the same pixels in the CCDGAIN=1 image (left) to have values of 65,535 DN. However, as shown, they do not. Instead, they have slightly smaller values, ∼ 64,750± a few. This issue affects all relevant pixels in post-SM4 images. The cutouts shown are from image files jbbf01hzq raw.fits (left) and jbbf01i3q raw.fits (right). of electrons per DN is specified by the user as the gain value (header keyword CCDGAIN). The ADC output is a 16 bit number, producing a maximum of 2 − 1 = 65,535 DN in any given pixel (Ryon et al., 2019), even if that pixel would have had an intensity value larger than 65,535 DN; this number represents the absolute ceiling of WFC pixel values. The WFC CCD pixel full-well depth, i.e. the maximum number of electrons that a pixel can hold (under normal operating circumstances), varies somewhat over the detector area with typical value of ∼ 90,000 e−, but never exceeds ∼ 105,000 e− under normal postSM4 operating conditions (Cohen & Grogin, 2020), including imaging of highly saturated astronomical sources. Thus, for any commanded CCDGAIN value ≥ 2, the full-well can be sampled without ever exceeding the ADC maximum during conversion to DN. For CCDGAIN ≤ 1 however, pixels containing more than 65,535 e− at the end of an exposure would have a DN value larger than the ADC maximum, so they should simply be assigned the ceiling value of 65,535 DN in the raw image files, and would then flagged appropriately in the data quality arrays during calibration. For images taken before Servicing Mission 4 ('pre-SM4') using CCDGAIN ≤ 1, this is indeed the case, easily verified by visual inspection of images of any saturated star or http://www.stsci.edu/sites/www/home/hst/instrumentation/acs/data-analysis/dq-flagdefinitions.html


Academic research is a public good whose production is supported by the tuitionpaying students that a faculty's research accomplishments attract. A professor's spot contribution to the university's revenues thus depends not on her spot research production, but rather on her cumulative research record. We show that a profitmaximizing university will apply a 'high' minimum retention standard to the production of a junior professor who has no record of past research, but a 'zero' retention standard to the spot production of a more senior professor whose background includes accomplishments sufficient to have cleared the 'high' probationary hurdle.


Turbulence intensity in test section is an important index to evaluate the flow-field performance of wind tunnel, and provide guarantee for model's dynamics and accurate test. The prediction model should be established to evaluate the effect of rectification design to ensure the turbulence-intensity index. Two methods are introduced and used to predict the turbulence-intensity of a continuous and transonic wind tunnel comparing with test results. It was found that the turbulence-intensity variation trend obtained from the two methods is basically same, turbulence-intensity attenuation is mainly concentrated in the first three screens, about 65%, the result calculated by model-one is 21% larger than the measured value and the model-two result is much closer. These two methods can be used to optimize the design of rectifying device effectively although the results obtained by two methods are slightly different form the measured value.


A system of ℓ linear equations in p unknowns Mx = b is said to have the removal property if every set S ⊆ {1, …, n} that contains o(np−ℓ) solutions of Mx = b can be turned into a set S′ containing no solution of Mx = b by the removal of o(n) elements. Green (Geom. Funct. Anal. 15 (2005) 340–376) proved that a single homogenous linear equation always has the removal property, and conjectured that every set of homogenous linear equations has the removal property. In this paper we confirm Green's conjecture by showing that every set of linear equations (even non‐homogenous) has the removal property. We also discuss some applications of our result in theoretical computer science and, in particular, use it to resolve a conjecture of Bhattacharyya, Chen, Sudan and Xie related to algorithms for testing properties of boolean functions.


The trapping rate of self-interstitial atoms at Ag solute atoms in an Al–0.05 at.% Ag crystal at 70 K was determined by channeling measurements. It was found that the trapping rate (and thus the ra...


Transformer-based models have led to significant innovation in various classic and practical subjects, including speech processing, natural language processing, and computer vision. On top of the Transformer, attention-based end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) models have become a popular fashion in recent years. Specifically, an emergent research topic is non-autoregressive modeling, which can achieve fast inference speed and obtain competitive performance when compared with conventional autoregressive methods. In addition, in the context of natural language processing, the bidirectional encoder representations from Transformers (BERT) model and its variants have received widespread attention, partially due to their ability to infer contextualized word representations and obtain superior performances of downstream tasks through simple fine-tuning. However, to our knowledge, leveraging the synergistic power of non-autoregressive modeling and pre-trained language model for ASR remains relatively underexplored. In this regard, this study presents a novel pre-trained language model-based non-autoregressive ASR framework. A series of experiments were conducted on two publicly available Chinese datasets, AISHELL-1 and AISHELL-2, to demonstrate competitive or superior results of the proposed ASR models when compared with well-practiced baseline systems. In addition, a set of comparative experiments is likewise carried out with different settings to analyze the performance of the proposed framework.


Quaking aspen throughout its range appears to be host to several insect and other invertebrate pests (fig. 1). It is a short-lived species that is palatable to a large variety of animals. Furniss and Carolin (1977) listed 33 insect species that use aspen as a food source. Some are quite damaging and may kill otherwise healthy stands of aspen; others feed on weakened or dying trees; and still others have incidental impacts (fig. 2). Boss (1972) found that seven species of insects caused major damage to quaking aspen in Colorado: the weste rn tent caterpi l lar , Malacosoma californicum (Packard); the poplar borer, Saperda calcarata Say; the poplar twig saperda, Saperda moesta Leconte; a flatheaded wood borer, Poecilonota cyanipes (Say); and three species of leafhoppers in the genus Idiocerus Lewis. Other families, genera, and species also were found associated with aspen during the &year survey, although none were found in epidemic numbers. A more local survey in northern Utah' revealed a different array of insects. Most numerous were leafminers (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae), sawflies (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae), and leafhoppers (Homoptera, Cicadellidae). Aphids (Homoptera, Aphididae), thrips (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) and parasites (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) were moderately abundant. Generally, insect abundance varied inversely with tree height.


This paper explores the variation of pricing inefficiency of the stock and index futures with time. The theoretical 'no arbitrage'⁄'cost of carry' price of futures contracts is compared with their actual prices for the period January 1, 2002 to November 24, 2004. The comparison has been made only for the near month futures to ensure good liquidity. In an efficient market, these two prices cannot differ because such a difference provides a risk-less arbitrage opportunity to market players. However, many instances of the difference between the two prices (mispricing) exceeding the transaction cost in the NIFTY index and stock futures are found for operators like financial institutions and members of derivatives exchange. This provides a clear arbitrage opportunity to these players. On an average, NSE members could have made arbitrage profits of 0.34 per cent after accounting for transaction costs on more than 37 per cent of trading days. Financial institutions could have made average arbitrage profits of 0.38 per cent on more than 12 per cent of trading days. The NIFTY index futures are persistently underpriced plausibly due to restrictions on short selling and the hedging activity of investors and fund managers. Most of the high-volume stock futures, on the other hand, are generally overpriced. The overpricing of stock futures points towards the speculative activity in the cash market in these scrips. These findings are generally in line with those in the other markets of the world where such inefficiencies and underpricing in stock index futures are also observed. However, the findings on stock futures are unique to this study because stock futures, being more recent entrants to the global derivatives market, have not been adequately researched. Non-parametric tests including the Kruskal-Wallis test (for more than two samples) and the Mann-Whitney test (for two samples) are used in this study due to non-normality conditions in the mispricing series. Conclusions about the time pattern of mispricing are drawn based on these tests. There is no discernible improvement or deterioration in the efficiency of pricing of futures over the last three years since the introduction of stock futures to the Indian market. The last week prior to expiry shows a significant reduction in mispricing for both the NIFTY and stock futures due to unwinding of trading positions. But, there is no significant difference in the mispricing pattern between individual days of the last week. This shows that the unwinding activity is uniformly spread over the week. Also, there is no discernible difference in the mispricing pattern between different days of the week across the period of study. These results have obvious implications for the arbitrageurs in the Indian futures market which are as follows: There are many sizeable arbitrage opportunities available to the traders who are willing to take a counterparty position opposite to the market demand. Such opportunities and their magnitude keep changing over time. An arbitrage opportunity is likely to go down in the last week before expiry. One cannot expect more such opportunities on a particular day of the week.


This paper presents a multi-variable DC-to-DC converter of the "boost-boost" type constituted by two cascaded "boost" converters in continuous conduction mode, each feeding an independent resistive load. A sliding mode feedback controller, based on the generalized proportional integral (GPI) approach, is developed for the regulation task. The feedback control scheme uses only output capacitor voltage measurements, as well as input signals represented by the switch positions. In addition robustness of the feedback scheme is tested by non-modeled sudden load resistance variations in the last resistive load. Experimental results verify theoretical predictions.


The article examines the effects of timber harvesting for Amazarsk pulp and paper mill (PPM) in the mountainous eastern areas of Transbaikal territory. It is proved that the operation of the Amazarsk pulp and paper mill will lead to the deterioration of climate and depletion of natural resources, absence of rules of logging and reforestation and violation of continuous and inexhaustible forest management principles. The reduction of forest coverage in the region will have a negative impact on the ecological balance. At present, there is a change in the softwood deciduous stands. The recommendations for the preparation of planting material in permafrost conditions are given. A technique of planting seedlings is suggested to show the dynamics of their development with a detailed description of the process. The peculiarities of fruiting, growth and self-sown seedlings, mineral nutrition, soil regimes are taken into account. To improve the growth and preservation of seedlings on the felling and slash areas in the mountains a saving environmental modern technique is offered. To improve the microbiological activity in soil, it was suggested to change climate artificially by adjusting temperature and water regimes in favorable direction. In forestry the reclamation of snow by mulching materials of dark color is proposed to use. For the cultivation of planting material in the area of Shilka, a changed technology of planting material cultivation, splitting neighborhoods, irrigation technology, and reforestation technology of burned areas, quarries and gardening of settlements, enterprises, roads adapted to the region are proposed. The recommendations on the choice of site for the forestry are given. The economic efficiency is defined


Objectives: To evaluate the impact of cilostazol on the angiographic and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stents and treated with aspirin and thienopyridine. Methods: A total of 11 randomized controlled trials including 8,525 patients comparing triple antiplatelet therapy (aspirin, thienopyridine and cilostazol) with standard dual antiplatelet therapy were included in the analysis. The primary end points were in-segment late loss and angiographic restenosis at angiographic follow-up. Secondary end points included mortality, stent thrombosis, target lesion revascularization (TLR) and major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Results: Triple antiplatelet therapy was associated with a significant reduction in late loss [weighted mean difference 0.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.08–0.20; p < 0.001] and angiographic restenosis [odds ratio (OR) 0.58, 95% CI 0.48–0.71; p < 0.001]. Addition of cilostazol to dual antiplatelet therapy was associated with a significant reduction in TLR (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.41–0.77; p < 0.001) and MACE (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.60–0.86; p < 0.001) with no differences in mortality (p = 0.29), stent thrombosis (p = 0.60) or bleeding episodes (p = 0.77). Conclusions: Cilostazol in addition to dual antiplatelet therapy appears to be effective in reducing the risk of restenosis and repeat revascularization after PCI without any significant benefits for mortality or stent thrombosis.


AIM OF THE PAPERThe present study examines the relation between relational capability and relationship quality's dimensions on business markets. Answer is being sought to how the changing practices' embedded patterns of relationship behaviour influence the successfulness of the cooperation between organizations. In the current paper, organizational patterns of changes in relationship behaviour are studied from the viewpoint of dynamic abilities, while the successfulness of the cooperation between organizations is modelled by interorganizational loyalty. According to the assumptions, dynamic relational capabilities do not only mean an opportunity, but also a bottleneck from the point of the cooperation's success. They also have a crucial effect on the assessment of relationship qualify and they also contribute to the partner's loyalty.
METHODOLOGYDrawing on the theoretical background of dynamic relational capability, we constructed a model, which was then tested with longitudinal studies. In the current study, the results of two-phased survey research project are presented, where the relation of dynamic relational capability and relationship qualify (trust, commitment, loyalty) is in the focus. In the first phase of the research, a random sample of605 companies in the Southern Great Plain were surveyed; then, in the second phase a sample of 304 entrepreneurs from the relevant population of Hungarian entrepreneurs was analysed.
MOST IMPORTANT RESULTSThe results have confirmed that the improvement of relationship behaviour is a multi-level, interactive phenomenon, each level of which influences the successfillness of the cooperation in a different way.The effect of each level of dynamic relational capability directly shapes the development of relationship qualify, also the trust and commitment dimensions of relationship qualify remarkably influence attitudinal loyalty. These results may provide new information for researchers dealing with business relations.
PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONSFor practitioners, our results show how crucial it is to develop and consistently control relationship capabilities, as well as to reveal the bottlenecks and to handle dynamic relational capabilities in a complex way. It is the interest of each organization to increase relationship success and to seek long-term relations.


A new magnetron vacuum gauge, having two ion collectors for controlling the electric field in the cylindrical anode, has been developed. The effect of the electrode structure on the ion currents were studied by varying the electrode spaces.It is found that the distribution ratio of the two ion currents is controllable when the spacing between the anode and shield electrodes, and further, between the two ion collector electrodes and the shield electrode are optimized. In this configuration the measured ion current is directly proportional to the pressure in a range of 3 × 10-61 × 10-4 Pa.


Acted by external economies of scale,the knowledge collection,the information spillover,market mechanism and the regional cultural effect,the different sorts of financial institutions agglomerates in a same space.The agglomeration accelerates reciprocally other economic industries,and gradually develops into financial industrial clusters.The financial industrial clusters not only increase the speed and efficiency of financial innovation,favor financial risk control,risk management and risk sharing,but also increase the operating efficiency of financial institutions,benefit the establishment of the new financial institutions.The further agglomeration of financial institutions and the further scale expansion of financial industrial clusters inevitably accompanies with divergence of financial influence beyond areas and nations.In this way,the financial center takes shape naturally.The formation process of financial center is the process of agglomeration of financial institutions,which becomes the the prerequisite and base of a city being the financial center.And during this process,the government could guide effectively by series of policies to form the government-driven financial center.


Strategic practices effectiveness is a requirement for organizations not only to be successful with current undertakings, but also to be successful in the future. Outstanding organizational performance invariably maps to the strategic practices within an organization. The purpose of this study was to establish the strategic practices and performance of the ministry of industrialization and enterprise development in Kenya. The study used cross-sectional survey research design. The study"s population was the ministry of industrialization and enterprise development in Kenya. The unit of observation was the 300 employees at MOIED. The unit of analysis was a middle and top manager who reports to the Cabinet Secretary in the MOEIED. The study used both stratified sampling technique and simple probability sampling to come up with the sample. The study used a crosssectional survey research design. Cross-sectional surveys involve data collection from a population, or a representative subset, at one specific point in time. The sample size was 120 middle and senior managers. The study used primary data which was largely quantitative and descriptive in nature. Primary data was collected through questionnaire. A pilot study was conducted to measure the research instruments reliability and validity. Descriptive and inferential analysis was conducted to analyze the data. The data was presented using tables. Results revealed that strategic practices had a positive a significant relationship with the performance of MOIED in Kenya. However, the magnitude of the influence was different for the specific strategic practices. Further, results revealed that strategic practices had a positive a significant relationship with the performance of MOIED in. However, the magnitude of management commitment was higher than that of the communication channels used in the ministry. Further, the results showed that organization culture only had a positive and significant moderating effect on the performance of MOIED in Kenya. The study recommended that MOIED should adopt a culture of conducting trainings on leadership competencies. This could go a long way in ensuring better performance of the MOIED.


The NIJ Research Review is prepared by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), the research branch of the U.S. Department of Justice. Published quarterly, it contains short summaries of significant research findings from recently funded reports and lists titles of other recently completed projects. Information on upcoming conferences and other significant events is also included. A Web address is provided for easy electronic access to the full abstract of each project.


BACKGROUND : Major causes of interlaboratory variation in low‐level WBC counting are the gating strategies and staining methods employed. To overcome these limitations, a stable low‐level WBC control preparation (termed daily run control [DRC]) was developed that when coupled with a new gating strategy will enable international standardization.


The development of carbon materials with desirable textures and new aqueous electrolytes is the key strategy to improve the performance of supercapacitors. Herein, a deep eutectic solvent (DES) was used for in situ templating of a carbon material. A carbon material was characterized (XRD, N2- physisorption, FTIR, SEM and EDS) and used as an electrode material for the first time in multivalent-based supercapacitors. In situ templating of carbon was performed using a novel DES, which serves as a precursor for carbon and for in situ generation of MgO. The generation of MgO and its roles in templating of carbon were discussed. Templating of carbon with MgO lead to an increase in surface area and a microporous texture. The obtained carbon was tested in multivalent-ion (Al3+ and Mg2+) electrolytes and compared with H2SO4. The charge-storage mechanism was investigated and elaborated. The highest specific capacitance was obtained for the Al(NO3)3 electrolyte, while the operating voltage follows the order: Mg(NO3)2 > Al(NO3)3 > H2SO4. Electrical double-layer capacitance (versus pseudocapacitance) was dominant in all investigated electrolytes. The larger operating voltage in multivalent electrolytes is a consequence of the lower fraction of free water, which suppresses hydrogen evolution (when compared with H2SO4). The GCD was experimentally performed on the Al(NO3)3 electrolyte, which showed good cyclic stability, with an energy density of 22.3 Wh kg−1 at 65 W kg−1.


The flair for knowledge, the longing for cultural discipline, and the desire for the expansion of one's intellectual facultiesmthese in themselves, if not wedded to some worthy cause, amount to naught. When merely intended for the satisfaction of certain selfish personal motives, they are most condemnable. University education, to be worth its name, should be made as productive and as replete of benefits as far as possible, The selfish idea of going to a University to cultivate oneself to the utter disregard of his fellowbeings, is most unworthy. Thus, while in a larger sense, the University student strives for the realization of certain personal ends, such ends must necessarily be subsidiary to a far greater end---SERVICE TO HIS FELLOWMEN. We note that during the past few years, social stratifications in the Philippines have become more marked---class animosities, more imminent. It can be discerned with ease that on the one hand, we have the wealthy class and on the other, the poorer mass. Over and above these two classes, however, is the intellectual "aristocracy," composed of men--products of the higher institutions of learning, potential leaders--the nation's hope. We are aware of the fact that our masses---our people of the slums, constitute the backbone of the nation. These people however are in the most abject of conditions: their dwellings--the slums abound with indications of misery and poverty: these men mostly illiterate and ignorant of the ways of government often misled and fooled by scheming agitators and crooked politicians, compose a heap of discontented mass. Ever subservient to, and helpless in the face of dictates from unscrupulous landlords, they are however, "driven by a discontent that is not altogether blunted by the cynism of the disillusioned nor by the hopelessness of the frustrated." Their meekness and silence at present can, with ease be transformed into brutal fury by self-scheming labor leaders and agitators. They have been made to lose faith in the government; their minds have been poisoned by assertions to the effect that the government does not exist for their


The purpose of this study is to develop an reliable instrument for evaluating science inquiry skills through an R&D procedure. A total of ten seience inquiry skills were selected for the development of the instrument, ie, observation, classifying, recognizing problems, measuring, inferring, formulating hypothesis, controlling variables, experimenting, interpreting and drowing a conclusion. And three items were developed for each sceince inquiry skill, totaling up to thirty items. The content areas of developed items are divided into three categories, material and energy, life and environment, and the earth and the space. There are 10 items for each category. The content validity and the objectivity of developed items were checked, verified in the two field trials and revised according to the analysis of items by seven experienced specialists with the degree of doctors in science education and five teachers who were studying for their master's degree in science education. According to the results of the second field trial. the content validity of the instrument was 91.1%, reliablity(K-R 20) 0.78, defficulty index 49.13%, discrimination index 0.42, mean achivement 61.85%, standard deviation 5.11, and standard error 2.40. Considering the above results, the developed instrument in this study is regarded as a appropriate instrument for evaluating science inquiry skills of elementary school students.


The contact boundary model comprising master and slave surfaces in ABAQUS model is adopted to simulate the opening and closing behaviors of contraction joints in arch dams during earthquake. Several functions have been added to the ABAQUS code including the implementation of spring elements into the joints, constraining the tangential displacements between adjacent dam-blocks, and insertion of FEM reservoir formulation, etc. The nonlinear dynamic response of a typical arch dam is analyzed by using this model and ADAP-88 based on the contact element method respectively. The numerical results of these two models are consistent with each other in terms of the following aspects: crest displacements and joints opening, frequency components of the dam structures, stress envelopment in arch and cantilever direction and the tendencies of stress redistribution caused by the joints opening. It is concluded that ABAQUS code is preferable for computation of arch dams'response accounting for boundary conditions and material properties.


On the world is employs mainly two primary road-toll technologies. Purpose of this work is to introduce and compare this systems and present theirs another potentialities in IS in transport and present another support technologies coherent with problems.


An apparatus for accessing a remote computer (12) from a telephone handset (14) having input means (18) and output means (15), comprising: a computer (12) which stores data, electronic mail (e-mail), represent a file manager, a voice message, a database and a facsimile; an interface circuit which enables the telephone handset input means to access one of a plurality of audio-dialogues on a single telephone number, which can be accessed via the audio dialogs for the electronic mail, the file manager, the voice message, the database and the facsimile; a text-to-speech engine (138), which can produce audio message data corresponding to a text in a document file; a speech circuit (106, 134) for generating audio messages from the computer to the output means (15) of the telephone handset (14) to be transmitted, wherein the speech circuit arrangement comprising a sound-task interface (134) for pre- recorded audio message file from a sound machine (186) is provided, provided with the text-to-speech engine (138) is available ...


DOI: https://doi.org/10.46544/AMS.v25i1.2  Abstract The article discusses the process of obtaining fibr ous material from a thermoplastic by blowing methods, and also provid es a method for calculating the average diameter df and length lf of elementary fibers. According to the presented calculations, th e average elementary fibers' diameter value df depends on the airflow speed from the blow head in the fiber formation zone. The gr ater the air velocity Vр, the smaller the diameter of the elementary fibers . The elementary fibers' length lf depends on their diame ter df and variable angle γ of the blowing head diffuser. The smaller the diameter of the elementary fibers df and the larger the variable angle γ, the smaller the length of the elementary fibers. At γ = 0 degrees, the fiber is obtained, with an increase in the angl e γ, the fiber length becomes fixed. The average elementary fibers' diame ter df varies depending on the speed of the airflow flowing from the blowing head in the fiber formation zone. The greater the a ir velocity Vр, the smaller the diameter of the elementary fibers. The discrepancy between the calculating results of the average fibe r diameter with their real values does not exceed 13%, which, accor ding to the process complexity, can be considered satisfactory. The elementary fibers' length lf depends on the elementary fibers' diameter df and a variable angle γ. The smaller the diameter of the elementary fibers  df and the larger the variable angle γ, the smaller the length of the elementary fibers. At γ = 0 deg, the infinite length fiber is obtained, and with an increase in the angle γ, the fiber length becomes fixed.


This paper presents an integration of a series of sequential and parallel computations for vehicle number plate segmentation from vehicle image based on watershed and visualization techniques. The work is modeled into five stages. In the first stage a sequential computation is performed to make an initial segmentation through computing gradient magnitude, applying watershed transformation and reconstruction of image using morphological operations. In the second stage regional maxima and watershed ridge lines are obtained in parallel. The third stage performs sequential computation from the outputs of the second stage by applying watershed transformation to obtain markers and objects in image. The fourth stage extracts required features and identify probable candidate regions in parallel. The fifth stage takes the outputs of the fourth stage and segments the number plate from the image using visualization technique. The result of the proposed model is compared with the results obtained from the sequential model for analysis. The experimental results show computational performance is relatively 1.6 times faster than the sequential model on similar machines.


We studied the variability of the magnetic O-type supergiant $\zeta$ Ori Aa using multi-colour BRITE photometry. We confirmed the known rotation frequency $f_{\rm rot} = 0.15 \pm 0.02$ c/d, and detected some of its higher harmonics, of which $4f_{\rm rot}$ is compatible with the known DAC recurrence timescale. Thanks to simultaneous high-resolution CHIRON spectroscopy, we could identify another frequency $f_{\rm env} = 0.10 \pm 0.02$ c/d, caused by the circumstellar environment. Variations in the circumstellar environment are believed to cause the observed difference between the BRITE lightcurves.


A B S T R A C T This study attempts to examine factors that affect organizational vitality of the staff in Water and Wastewater Company of Tehran Province and to develop ways for making them well satisfied Human resources are regarded as the main factor and driving forces. The human resources, if managed properly, will meet the organizational challenges. Job satisfaction and organizational vitality are of variables making impact on improving their performance. The establishment of a vitalized organization, as one of strategic requirements for long-term successes, is provided through Job satisfaction and organizational vitality.. In order to accomplish the objectives, a survey study was conducted on all staff of Company. The studied factors were: self confidence, commitment, culture, Conviction, and internal and external participation. findings related to Pearson's Correlation coefficient demonstrated the significant impact of self confidence, the commitment of the staff and board of directors, Conviction, appropriate culture of organizations and staff, and internal and external participation; Moreover, The results of the regression analysis showed that proportion the culture of personnel with the organization's culture and internal and external participation have a significant impact on the vitality of employees but Self confidence, commitment of staff and managers, and Conviction, conversely, did not have a strong impact. Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis also showed that 65.3% of changes in employee vitality results from the effects of the variables examined in this study.


Background: Total joint replacement is a frequently done procedure in modern day practice of any orthopedics unit. Limiting blood loss both postoperatively and intraoperatively presents a challenge to the surgeon. Use of tranexamic acid (TA) reduces perioperative blood loss and need for allogenic blood transfusion in patients undergoing total knee replacement. Methods: This is a randomized controlled study that involved 105 patients who underwent primary total knee arthroplasty at our institute. A total of 105 consecutive patients underwent total knee replacement (TKR) between 2009 and 2014 at our institute. No patients who had primary TKR were excluded from the study. The information was collected prospectively but reviewed retrospectively. Patients were allocated to either the TA group (TA, n = 55) or the control group ( n = 50). Results: The results were analyzed and no significant differences between the groups were found in the demographic data. Our results demonstrate significant reduction in blood loss with the use of TA. Conclusions: We can conclude that TA use might be a good solution to the problem of massive allogenic transfusion requirements especially in developing countries. A meta-analysis which looked at double-blinded randomized controlled trial also found that TA was useful in reducing blood loss in major orthopedic procedures.


Biomarker analysis is critically dependent on the quality of biofluid or tissue samples obtained from human research studies. Although proteomic, lipidomic, and metabolomic analyses can be dramatically impacted by the time of sample collection, fasting status, and participant demographics, the hemolysis status of plasma, serum or buffy coat samples is a poorly understood confounder of sample quality. Hemoglobin levels can range between 0 - 10 g/L in samples (referred to as 1-4 in plasma/serum and 0-4 level in buffy coat) as a marker of hemolysis severity and sample contamination by reticulocyte-derived analytes. In oncology clinical trials, patients can be more susceptible to hemolysis due to chemotherapy treatment, which can impact sample assessment and study results. Herein, we analyzed 941 plasma and 950 serum samples using comprehensive proteomics, structural lipidomics, signaling lipidomics, and metabolomics in a pancreatic cancer biomarker discovery program referred to as Project Survival as well as 951 buffy coat samples using only proteomic analysis. Project survival is a 7-year longitudinal pancreatic cancer biomarker discovery trial analyzing 400+ pancreatic cancer and at-risk patients using multi-omic and multiple biofluid assessment. To date this study yielded samples in plasma with 92.3% - #1, 6.5% - #2, 1.2% - #3, and 0% - #4 hemolysis, serum with 94.8% - #1, 3.8% - #2, 1.4% - #3, and 0% - #4 hemolysis and buffy coat 42.7% - #0, 25.6% - #1, 20.8% -#2, 10.4% - #3, and 0.5% - #4 hemolysis. Multi-omic and regression analysis of sample data for hemolysis status revealed a distinct pattern of OMIC variables correlated with the degree of hemolysis. Proteomics analysis was the greatest impacted in terms of the protein identification and quantitation. Additionally, pathway analysis revealed expected pathways associated with hemolysis and coagulation, but also unknown pathways and corresponding proteins that were differentially correlated with hemolysis state. Additionally, metabolomics and lipidomics analysis also revealed distinct differentials associated with hemolysis state. Herein, our analysis is the first to analyze thousands of samples using multi-omics revealing critically informative molecular differentials across OMIC technologies demonstrating that caution should be given to avoid these identified biomarkers for translational development. Citation Format: Michael A. Kiebish, Punit Shah, Valerie Bussberg, Vladimir Tolstikov, Rick Searfoss, Kennedy Ofori-Mensa, Eric M. Grund, Abena Darkwah, Emily Y. Chen, Bennett Greenwood, Ellaine Adu Ntoso, Leonardo Rodrigues, Mia Liu, Elder Granger, Chas Bountra, Rangaprasad Sarangarajan, A J. Moser, Niven R. Narain. Impact of hemolysis on multi-omic pancreatic cancer biomarker discovery: De-risking precision medicine biomarker development [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 2860.


Different disposals of the surface soil of the nonirrigated farmland where the corn is grown by protective farming, that is, the experiment result of shallow ploughing once, rotary tillaging once, rotary tillaging twice, domestic animals ploughing once, shows that the corn seedlings on rotary tillaged farmland may be 2~3 days earlier than that on other farmland, that the growing period will be shorten 0-5 days,that the moisture content producing efficiency is 17.1 kg/(hm~2.mm),which is 2.0~3.3 kg/(hm~2.mm) higher than others; that the production is 8 517.0 kg/hm~2,which is increased by 22.5%, the proportion of production and going into operation is 5∶13.


PURPOSE: A moisture system using a fire-extinguishing water pipe is provided to obtain humidification effect even the moisture system using a fire-extinguishing water pipe is installed in a high location by humidifying using the fire-extinguishing water pipe. CONSTITUTION: A moisture system using a fire-extinguishing water pipe(1) comprises a main body(110), a water tube(120), a feed line(130), an atomizer(140), a steam duct(150), a flow control valve(160), a water-level sensor(170) and a controller. The main body installed on a ceiling in which fire-extinguishing water pipe is installed comprises an outlet discharging vapor to humidify. The feed line is connected in order to supply water from the fire-extinguishing water pipe through ceiling to cistern to the water tube. The steam duct is installed inside the main body to discharge atomized vapor through the outlet. The flow control valve controls the flow rate provided through the feed line. The water-level sensor outputs a signal by detecting water level in the water tube.


The main aim of this paper is to present the research findings on the solution of centralized Web-Services for students by adopting a framework and a prototype for Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) Web-Services. The current situation of students' Web-based application services has been identified and proposed an effective SOA to increase the operational efficiency of Web-Services for them it was necessary to identify the challenges in delivering a SOA technology to increase operational efficiency of Web-Services. Moreover, the SOA is an emerging concept, used for delivering efficient student SOA Web-Services. Therefore, service reusability from SOA Web-Services is provided and logically divided services into smaller services to increase reusability and modularity. In this case each service is a modular unit by itself and interoperability services. Keywords—Services Oriented Architecture (SOA), Web-based Application services, and Web-Services.


According to the special desire for high production and efficiency in compound mining face and questions met in using scraper conveyor,analyzed on the structure of linepan and designed the C-linepan with casting back over and divided body .It has achieved good result after using.


This book covers work undertaken over the last 20 years by a diverse range of researchers, nations and communities and is produced by the Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Development and the Native Nations Institute for Leadership, Management, and Policy at the University of Arizona. While this book is more suited to the USA in terms of language, examples and specific legal and historical frameworks, the content is highly accessible for use in Australia. This book focuses on how Indigenous nations can enhance their capacity for effective self-governance and for self-determined community and economic development. There are numerous examples that share empirical facts, development strategies and practical stories for mobilising communities for real change and not change driven by short-term government, political or economic agendas. In essence, this book is about Indigenous people in the USA asserting their rights to govern themselves and doing it their way. It offers Indigenous Australians a means to learn from some of the best USA experiences and research in Indigenous governance and economic development...


The purpose of this study is to model the relationship between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and transportation infrastructure in ASEAN member countries. In addition, this study also compares the data predicted by the model with actual data in Indonesia. Transportation infrastructure includes air transportation, sea transportation, and land transportation (railway). The data used is secondary data from the World Bank (World Development Indicator) 1960-2019. The analytical method used in this research is Statistical Descriptive Analysis and Multivariate Regression Analysis. The results of this study resulted in a multivariate regression model Y = 6,478 – 7,871(X2) + 4,875(X4) – 2,390(X5) – 2,27(X7) + 5,569(X8). This model produces a p-value of 2.619E-13 <0.05, which means that this model has a significance of 2.619E-13 and produces an R2 of 0.95 which means the variables X2 Air transport, passengers carried, X4 Quality of port infrastructure, X5 Container port traffic, X7 Rail lines, X8 Railways, passengers carried affect the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita by 95% and the other 5% is influenced by other factors. This regression model in predicting actual data for the case of GDP in Indonesia is 120.84%, meaning that this model cannot be used to predict actual data in the case of GDP in Indonesia.


Within most pipeline organizations, maintenance and other facility departments use a range of separate data sources and applications to manage the integrity, maintenance and safety of their pipelines. These databases represent a significant investment over many years and are an integral part of day-to-day operations. It is evident that integration of data into a single, coherent data management system can provide significant benefits. However, the cost of implementing entirely new systems — with intensive data capture programs — is difficult to justify given the earlier investments. As a result, dedicated risk management software using static and separately maintained data is often used as a quick, low cost alternative to meet regulatory compliance commitments. Experience has shown that, with the right technology and an understanding of the specific needs of an organisation, a phased approach to integrated data management can be achieved at minimum initial cost by exploiting legacy data. This provides a low cost yet scalable solution that can grow with the changing needs of the business. In addition to the benefits of legacy data integration, this paper presents an insight into the additional benefits of technologies for distributed data access to provide simple, process-focussed reporting tools. The key role of data management in risk assessment and consequent integrity decision support process is discussed.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


The Black-Scholes model of option evaluation theory was used to evaluate the mining titles. Based on the characteristics of mining industry, discussed the time to maturity when applying option theory to practice, defined the rational time to maturity of option as effective selection life which was decreased from the effective life of mining titles by the necessary life for the exploitation of mineral resource. A case study gave conclusions on mineral resource management: extending the effective life of mining titles will increase the revenue of the titles seller and applying Black-Scholes model in evaluating mining titles will increase production volume.


The various limitations of classical communication systems have forced the Power Supply Undertakings to look for alternative media for power systems operation and control. A reliable and most efficient communication is essential for the present day complex power network. The Optical Fibre Communication System has been found to be more promising in this respect because of its larger bandwidth and smaller loss. There is almost complete freedom from signal leakage and cross talk. The system is having many advantages in spite of some limitations. The article describes the various components used, their merits and demerits, their application, experience gained by the users etc.


We study the problem of deterministically exploring an undirected and initially unknown graph with n vertices either by a single agent equipped with a set of pebbles or by a set of collaborating agents. The vertices of the graph are unlabeled and cannot be distinguished by the agents, but the edges incident to a vertex have locally distinct labels. The graph is explored when all vertices have been visited by at least one agent. In this setting, it is known that for a single agent without pebbles Θ(log n) bits of memory are necessary and sufficient to explore any graph with at most n vertices. We are interested in how the memory requirement decreases as the agent may mark vertices by dropping and retrieving distinguishable pebbles or when multiple agents jointly explore the graph. We give tight results for both questions showing that for a single agent with constant memory Θ(log log n) pebbles are necessary and sufficient for exploration. We further prove that using collaborating agents instead of pebbles does not help as Θ(log log n) agents with constant memory each are necessary and sufficient for exploration. For the upper bounds, we devise an algorithm for a single agent with constant memory that explores any n-vertex graph using O(log log n) pebbles, even when n is not known a priori. The algorithm terminates after polynomial time and returns to the starting vertex. We further show that the algorithm can be realized with additional constant-memory agents rather than pebbles, implying that O(log log n) agents with constant memory can explore any n-vertex graph. For the lower bound, we show that the number of agents needed for exploring any graph with at most n vertices is already Ω(log log n) when we allow each agent to have at most O((log n)1-ε) bits of memory for any ε > 0. Our argument also implies that a single agent with sublogarithmic memory needs Θ(log log n) pebbles to explore any n-vertex graph.


Abstract : This draft Estimate is the form of an Intelligence Community assessment of the Syrian negotiating positions in the on going Middle East peace talks, which the United States is sponsoring and participating in as a facilitator. It covers the period through April 1993 and considers the recent trends in Syrian policy and the domestic and external elements which influence the stance Syria takes on key negotiating issues. The estimate identifies key issues for Syria in negotiations with Israel and anticipates the positions the Syrians may accept on particular issues. However, the Estimate does not review the specific approach which the Syrian delegation may take when negotiating each issue.


The year 2018 marked a new era as the Belt and Road Initiative unfolded to conquer the ports of the Mediterranean Sea. Early that year, Marseille became the second largest Sino-European textile trading center in Europe, with the opening of the Marseille International Fashion Center 68 (MIF68), initiated by a Chinese wholesaler. In fall 2018, the Chinese company Quechen Silicon Chemical confirmed, in an agreement with the port of Marseille-Fos, the construction of an ecological tire factory, destined to be its flagship in the European market. As Chinese economic interests take roots in Marseille, one can see how globalization, whether coming from above or below, concretely affects the actions of the states engaged in economic diplomacy.


A large fraction of medical care is delivered in ambulatory settings. It is a hypothesis of this program that a significant fraction of physician-patient encounters can be safely managed by paramedics with no past medical experience and with a minimum of training (about four weeks), operating under well-defined guidance protocols. The paramedic using the protocols can either substitute for the physician on any given visit, or can perform a substantial prephysician workup, thus saving physician time and enhancing the thoroughness of the patient evaluation.


The paper deals with lexical-semantic group «The End of Animals Existence» as one of the components forming denotative space «Animal being». The comparison of lexical representations of the given real fragment in Russian and German makes it possible to identity the differentiation and resemblance in its reflection at the national conscience level, «collective mind».


There is a lack of crop options for planting when summer crops, such as corn and soybean, fail due to drought during late summer period. This study evaluated the potential of using tepary bean as a short-duration forage crop when planted late during summer period. Tepary bean ( Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray), a short-duration, drought-tolerant, summer crop, is a potential candidate forage crop for this situation. A study with 31 tepary bean lines indicated that 59 days old crop can be harvested as forage with mean fresh and dry matter yields of 22.2 and 4.4 Mg.ha -1 , respectively. Tepary bean forage contained 21.4 percent protein, 37.5 percent ADF, 41.1 percent NDF, 0.48 Mcal/pound NE, 60.8 percent TDN, and 1.12 percent fat. Mean values of P, K, S, Ca, Mg, and Na (% dry matter) in tepary bean forage were 0.28, 2.5, 0.28, 2.11, 0.54, and 0.05, respectively. Mean values of Fe, Al, Mn, Cu, Zn, and B (mg.kg -1 ) were 307, 229, 359, 9.3, 39.5, and 20.9, respectively. Tepary bean forage quality compared well with that of alfalfa hay, perennial peanut hay, and soybean forage. These results indicated that tepary bean has potential as a short-duration forage crop.


The Linux kernel has problems with responsiveness regarding inte- ractive tasks, which are I/O bound processes that have interaction with the user (mainly Desktop). This paper proposes the introduction of heuristics into the Linux process scheduler to deal with interactive tasks. Through the priorization of I/O bound interactive tasks, the responsiveness of the operating system as a whole was highly improved. The achieved improvements are presented through some measurements of interactive applications. Resumo. O kernel Linux apresenta problemas com o tempo de resposta de tare- fas interativas, representando as tarefasI/O bound que possuem uma interac ¸˜


The purpose of this study is to develop a system which can be used to solve two-dimensional elasticity problem. A manual solution has been made to solve this two-dimensional elasticity problem based on the heat problem. In the first step, the main component is solved to get the stiffness matrix. Next, the initial strain and load vector, and the boundary vector are computed to complete the solution. The solution is computed and verified using MATLAB.


A novel bend-insensitive LPFG sensor written by high-frequency CO2 laser pulses is demonstrated, for the first time, to our knowledge. Experiment results shows that the bend-sensitivity of the novel LPFG depends strongly on curved orientation. The resonant wavelength shifted merely —0. 01 8 nm even for a curvature of 1 . 1m-1at the most bend-insensitive position. Such a bend-insensitive sensor could be used to solve the problem of cross-sensitivity between bend and other measurands, such as temperature, strain or refractive index, which is an unsolved problem for LPFG sensors in practice. In addition, the bend sensitivity of the LPFG can be adjusted by selecting its circular positions.


When choosing architectural and planning solutions, such climatic factors as air temperature and humidity, having scalar quantities, as well as solar radiation, wind and precipitation having vector characteristics, must be taken into account. The calculated climatic parameters for the design of building enclosing structures, heat loss calculations and heat supply regulation are provided in the current documentation on norms and standards. The practical exploitation of various buildings demonstrates that in terms of initial climatic data, the choice of design parameters is not always efficiently justified; hence, the influence of the environment on the heating regime of the structures is insufficient in the estimations and sometimes erroneous. The wind is one of such climatic parameters. Its velocity and repeatability impact the heat exchange of the building structure with the environment as well as the alteration in temperature regime. The wind current towards the building creates additional pressure on the facade of the construction from the wind side direction. This leads, firstly, to air infiltration via the enclosing structures, and secondly, to the rise of heat exchange from the outer surface of the wall on the windward side. Based on estimated and analytical research, the values of the change in wind velocity depending on the altitude were analyzed, and its influence on the heat loss during heating of multi-storey buildings was assessed. The alterations in the wind velocity depending on the altitude were analyzed in the conditions of dense (urban) and broad construction. Besides, the authors presented the dependence of the convective component of the heat transfer coefficient of the outer surface of the structure on the values of the wind velocity. Based on the performed and presented calculations, it can be noticed that the heat transfer of the external structure will be much higher for multi-storey buildings than for mid-rise constructions. Thus, the convective component of the heat transfer coefficient of the outer surface rises by 36 % when the wind velocity increases from 5 m/s to 7 m/s. If not taking into consideration this dependence in the design, it can significantly influence the estimation of heat loss and energy efficiency of buildings, especially when it is about the increased percentage of facades glazing. The authors of the article assessed the heat loss for heating the windward and leeward facades at average values of the outside air temperature during the heating season in Ukraine. Hence, for constructions higher than 70 m with a calculated wind velocity of 5 m/s, heat losses increase from 10 % to 19 %. Such great difference in heat loss between the windward and leeward walls of the building requires increased thermal protection from the prevailing winter winds. Therefore, when designing multi-storey buildings, it is necessary to take into account changes in wind velocity according to the altitude. The obtained results can be useful both for choosing architectural and planning solutions, like the materials for external enclosing structures and for the objective assessment of the wind protection degree of individual buildings and territories.


Focusing objective (12) A laser system (10) is movable compensate for the weight of the suspension apparatus, comprising: power generating means, the gravitational force generating means for generating a canceling said focusing objective (12) a reaction force component (G); transmission means, the transmission means of the reactive force component (G) is transmitted to said focusing objective (12) and allowing the focusing of the objective lens up / down motion compensation; guide means, the guide means for guiding the movable focusing objective, so that the optical axis during up / down movement of the focus compensation lens (12) focusing the objective lens (O) to maintain its orientation in space at least and preferably maintain the position of the optical axis (O) of the focusing objective in space.


Feeding behaviour of the wolf spider Pardosa hortensis Thorell (Araneae: Lycosidae) was studied in the laboratory under different prey densities. Feeding characteristics were monitored by a behaviour registering computer program. The amount of prey eaten in the different prey density treatments indicated a Holling type II functional response. Handling time was negatively correlated with prey density. At higher prey densities spiders sometimes attacked and fed on more than one prey item at the same time. Consumption rate during such multiple feeding events was higher than during single feeding. However, multiple feeding was much less frequent than single feeding. Killing without feeding and the partial consumption of the prey was also observed in high prey densities. The degree of this behaviour was positively correlated with prey density. The observed feeding strategy of this wolf spider suggests that spiders can have a positive role in controlling agricultural pests in a density sensitive way.


Decentralized state estimation in a communication constrained sensor network is considered. To reduce the communication load only dimension-reduced estimates are exchanged between the networking agents. The considered dimension-reduction is restricted to be a linear mapping from a higher-dimensional space to a lower-dimensional space. The optimal, in the mean square error sense, linear mapping depends on the particular estimation method used. Several dimension-reducing algorithms are therefore proposed, where each algorithm corresponds to a commonly applied decentralized estimation method. All except one of the algorithms are shown to be optimal. For the remaining algorithm we provide a convergence analysis where it is theoretically shown that this algorithm converges to a stationary point and numerically shown that the convergence rate is fast. A message encoding solution is proposed that allows for efficient communication when using the proposed dimension-reduction techniques. Applicability of the different algorithms is illustrated by a numerical evaluation.


AbstractA standard defines ground snow loads for much of the nation, with the exception of an 11-state area of the West where the terrain and complex weather patterns require local, regional, and statewide studies. Hence, many western states have published their own standards, which use data from the Natural Resources Conservation Service and the National Weather Service. The data are analyzed using a variety of snow densities, various probability density functions, and several mapping strategies. This paper presents a summary and information, along with unique features, for 11 western U.S. state reports. Many individual state studies do not agree at state borders, and frequently the standard specifies that case studies are required. Future study is suggested to (1) determine the effects of combining values from different probability density functions, (2) reconcile differing values at state borders, and (3) determine the return period that yields a reliability index of 3, with a load factor of unity so t...


We experimentally investigate the impact of first and second-order PMD on the performance of a 100 Gbps polarisation-multiplexed multi-band coherent OFDM system. The signal polarisation is randomly scrambled before the PMD emulator with 70°/ms speed, for more relevant "field" conditions.


By using the methods of psychometrics,experiment and statistics,this article experimental studies on using positive auto-suggestion speech of the undergraduate basketball players,and gets the results that it can decrease anxiety,develop self-respect and improve sports performance that the undergraduates use the positive auto-suggestion words.


Pulsed remote field eddy current (PRFEC) technique has been utilized broadly in the detection of tubular material because of its abundant frequency spectrums with lower power consumption. A novel multi-layer magnetic focusing sensor structure is proposed for PRFEC. The new sensing structure consists of several promising characteristics. It significantly enhances the detectability of the deeper depth of ferromagnetic material, and provides detection capability without covering U-type component. Both driver and receiver coils are integrated in the same sensing structure while the traditional methods are put them separated. The theoretical derivation based on electromagnetic principles has been developed for analyzing and interpreting the results. In addition, number of experiments and simulations on different defects have been studied. In experiments, both surface and subsurface defects with different width, depth, inclined angle, and circular type have been carried out. The results have confirmed that all types of defects can be detected and it has shown the relatively preferable linear relationships and reliabilities.


During the course of a critical appraisal of the state list of rare and endangered vascular plants of Maryland (Broome et al., 1979), we discovered several interesting range extensions for the pteridophytes. A full treatment of the ferns and fern-allies of Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia was prepared by Reed (1953), who provided dot distribution maps for all of the taxa. These two reports have enabled us to determine gaps in distribution, and our extensive field and herbarium studies have turned up county records for twelve Maryland species. We hope that this information will be of use to those interested in the ferns of the eastern United


Simulation is an important way of studying the performance of absorption refrigeration systems. However, considering numerous influencing factors, existing studies mainly focus on a single device of the system and less on the coupling relationship between devices. To integrate and optimize the water intake side of the absorption chiller and improve the energy efficiency of the system, the study selected the integration of the absorption chiller, the cooling water supply and the return, and river water intake system as the research object and the absorption refrigeration system of Chongqing Danzishi CBD Energy Station as an example. A novel method for constructing the river water temperature prediction model was proposed. Then, the mathematical model of the absorption chiller and the water intake side of the transmission and distribution system was established via the data fitting method, and the accuracy was verified. Finally, the equivalent thermodynamic coefficient model was created and used to optimize the flow and temperature difference between the supply and return cooling water under different inlet temperatures of the cooling water and load rates of the absorption chiller. Results show that, (1) The cooling water inlet temperature has minimal effect on the optimal temperature difference between the supply and return water, and the load rate of the absorption chiller has a great influence. (2) When the absorption chiller operates at full load, the optimum temperature difference between the supply and return cooling water is 10 °C, the optimum water intake flow is 87.80% of the rated flow, and the thermodynamic coefficient of the system can be increased by 14.40% after integration and optimization. The study shows that the energy efficiency of the water intake side of the absorption refrigeration system can be improved by creating a model on the basis of the equivalent thermodynamic coefficient and by applying it to the optimization. This method is fast, simple, and effective. To a certain extent, this study provides technical support for the further improvement of the energy efficiency of absorption refrigeration systems.


In this research, experiments were conducted to measure the exhaust waste heat available from a 60 kW automobile engine. The performance of an available shell and tube heat exchanger using water as the working fluid was conducted. With the available data, computer simulation was carried out to improve the design of the heat exchanger. Two heat exchangers were used: one to generate saturated and the other to generate super heated vapours. These two heat exchangers can be arranged in parallel or series. In series arrangement, the exhaust gas was first passed through superheated heat exchanger and then through the saturated heat exchanger. Whereas, in parallel arrangement, the exhaust gas was divided to pass through saturated and superheated heat exchangers. In both cases, working fluid was passed first through saturated heat exchanger and then through superheated heat exchanger. Computer simulation was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed heat exchanger for different working fluid like water, ammonia, and HFC-134a. It is found that with the exhaust heat available from the diesel engine additional 15%, 13% and 8% power can be achieved by using water, HFC-134a and ammonia as working fluid respectively.


Early career researchers (ECRs) lack a long track record of independent funding or publications, and they typically walk a delicate line between presenting novel, cutting-edge work and being too ambitious. Despite their strong passion and commitment, ECRs fail to personalise as independent researchers due to a variety of factors such as a lack of expertise as mentors at the host institute, a low probability of being trained in cutting-edge laboratories, hidden assessment measures used in awarding research grants, and insufficient or no funding aids from funding resources. Regardless of the enormous hurdles that ECRs encounter, outstanding research should be sustained until the work is acknowledged.


Introduction A C++ class library of uniform and non-uniform random number generators is available from www.agner.org/random. The following distributions are included in this library: • uniform real • uniform integer • normal • bernoulli • poisson • binomial, multinomial • hypergeometric, multivariate hypergeometric • Wallenius' noncentral hypergeometric, univariate and multivariate • Fisher's noncentral hypergeometric, univariate and multivariate Descriptions of most of these distributions can be found in any textbook on statistics. However, the last two distributions are not very well known and need a more detailed description here. The methods used for generating variates with these distributions are described in the files sampmet.pdf and nchyp.pdf (Fog 2004) available from www.agner.org/random.


Voriconazole is a second-generation azole antifungal agent indicated for use in the treatment of fungal infections including invasive aspergillosis, esophageal candidiasis, and serious fungal infections. Voriconazole works principally, by inhibition of fungal cytochrome P-450-mediated 14 alphalanosterol demethylation, an essential step in fungal ergosterol biosynthesis. Skin is one of the most readily accessible organs on human body for topical administration and is main route of topical drug delivery system. The intention of presenting in gel formulations is for better patient compliance and to reduce the dose of drug and to avoid the side effects like liver damage and kidney damage associated with oral dosage forms. A gelling agent, Carbopol-940 based Voriconazole topical formulations were made. The formulation study was aimed to keep all other ingredients constant and only change in concentrations of Gelling agent, Carbopol-940. Gel formulations were characterized for Physical Evaluation, pH, Spreadability, Extrudability, Gel Strength, Homogeneity and Grittiness, in-vitro drug release and drug release kinetic study. The results were found satisfactory for all the parameters studied.


The results of research concerning balance of humus and nutritive substances in the farming of the river Horyn basin of Rivne region are reflected in the article. It is ascertained that due to sharp decrease of the amount of organic and mineral fertilizers usage in the basin of the river, its soil cover suffers from degradation process, exactly, dehumification and decrease of microelements content. The research of soil liming amount in the basin of the river affirms thas within the years of 1976-2014 there can be observed two periods in their dynamics the increase of limed lands from 1976 till 1990 and their sharp shortening in the following years.


The high-energy particles in the galactic cosmic rays, (GCR) can produce nuclides deep in any object exposed to them. These cosmic-ray-produced (cosmogenic) nuclides have been extensively studied during the last four decades, mainly in meteorites and lunar samples (e.g., 1,2). In extraterrestrial matter, several approaches have been used to determine the production systematics of these cosmogenic nuclides. Production rates of most cosmogenic nuclides in the Earth axe much lower, especially those nuclides made ``in situ`` in the Earth`s surface. Many of these @trial cosmogenic nuclides are only now being measured because of improved techniques, such as accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). There have been very few determinations of the production rates of nuclides made in the Earth by cosmic rays. The work being done for terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides is following the approaches used for, studying the production of extraterrestrial nuclides.