Implementing clean and healthy living behaviors is useful to prevent, cope and protect against disease threats and utilize quality health services, effective and efficient. Hand washing with soap is an indicator of clean and healthy living behavior. Washing hands with soap can prevent various diseases. One of them is diarrhea. The fingers can be the pathway for pathogens, bacteria or viruses that can cause diarrhea. Therefore, hand washing becomes one of effective and efficient prevention efforts to avoid the occurrence of disease. Purpose: This research has a purpose to know the relationship between knowledge and attitude towards hand washing action in RW III Pegirian Village Semampir District Surabaya. Methods: This research used descriptive method with Simple Random Sampling technique, samples of 84 respondents. The independent variables in this study consisted of knowledge of handwashing and attitude towards hand washing. The dependent variable in this research is hand washing action. The collected data were analyzed using spearman correlation test with the aim of knowing the relationship and strong relationship of research subjects. Results: The result of this research is the correlation between knowledge with hand washing with p value 0,009 with strong correlation with correlation coefficient 0,282. And there is a relationship between attitude to hand washing with hand washing result p value sebasar 0,017 and strong relationship is strong with correlation coefficient 0,271. Conclusion: There is a relationship between knowledge and attitudes with the act of hands washing and strong relationships are strong.


Calcium plays a significant role in a number of cellular processes, like muscle contraction, gene expression, synaptic plasticity, signal transduction, but the significance of calcium oscillations (CaOs) is not yet completely understood in most of the cell types. It is a widely accepted fact that CaOs are a frequency encoded signal that allows a cell to use calcium as a second messenger while avoiding its toxic effects. These intracellular CaOs are primarily driven by some agonist-dependent pathways or fluctuations in membrane potential. The present mathematical model is of the latter type. The model incorporates expression for all major intracellular ionic species and membrane proteins. Especially, it integrates the coupling effect of sodium pump and Na+ / Ca2+ exchanger over CaOs. By varying sodium pump current, it is found that, sodium pump is a key player in modulating intracellular CaOs. The model predicts that the sodium pump can play a decisive role in regulating intercellular cell signaling process. The present study forms the basis for sodium pump controlled intercellular signaling process and requires further experimental verification. Mathematical subject classification: 34M10, 92C20.


Scintillation counters have been applied to the study of the yields of photoprotons from twenty elements. The relative yields increase by a factor of approximately one hundred as $Z$ increases from 4 to 28, and then decrease to a value, at $Z=50$, of about one-tenth that of the maximum at $Z=28$. An upper limit is placed on the yields from several heavy elements. The absolute values are compared with the neutron data of Price and Kerst, and the sum of the two yields is compared with theory.


This experiment was conducted to know critical sowing depth and emergence day under different sowing depth at Crop Experiment Station, Suweon, in 1982. Tested weed species were Sagittaria pygnaea, Eleocharis kuroguwai, Cyperus serotinus and Potamageton distinetus, sowing depth of weeds were 5cm, 10cm, 15cm, 20cm and 25cm Critical emergence sowing depth of S. pygnaea, E. kuroguwai was 15cmand C. serotinus was 20cm sowing depth while P. distintus was 25cm sowing depth. Average emergence days under 5cm sowing depth for E. kurogwai, S. pygmaea, P. distintus and C. serotinus was 27.8 days, 14.1 days, 13.6 days and 7.3 days. While, relationships between sowing depth and day to emergence was positively correlated. Gernination percent of weeds under Critical emergence sowing depth, S. pygmaea, E. kurogwai and, P. distinctus was 57%, 67%, 80%, but C. serotinu.s was all died.


Construction drawings (metal, reinforced concrete, wood, etc.) are particular in computer science because their carrying out potentialities and applied technology are absolutely different from traditional methods. Application of information methods manifests itself by the fact that in computer science it is possible to automate requirements of standards, the defined domains of which are very wide. For example, in metal works only the welding parameters such as welds, their fulfillment technology, marking, etc. are very expanded, therefore their application is labourintensive. The automation of these requirements is of topical interest as it would allow to avoid inaccuracies in both designing a construction and managing the carried out drawing. On the other hand, information methods enable to save sheet information automatically if a drawing is made without usual simplifications used in visualizing of drawings by pencil methods (breaks, simplified markings, etc.). All this requires some new work methods which are examined in the paper solving management problems which arise at the boundary of traditional (pencil) and computer (information) technologies while applying intelligence potentialities.


A new dimeric polyoxotungstate, based on the monovacant anion [SiW11O39] connected by a hexa-metal cluster CeIIICs5, is synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR, TG and electrochemistry. The polyoxoanions are connected to 3D structures by additional alkali metal ions. ¶We dedicate this article to the retirement of Professor Peter Williams from the Journal of Coordination Chemistry.


A series of nanosheets and nanofibers polyaniline was prepared via controlled polymerization. The optimum acid doping amount of polyaniline was obtained (acetic acid:aniline = 7:9; hydrochloric acid:aniline = 2.5:5; citric acid:aniline = 3:5), in which the specific capacitance can reach
 162.5 F/g, 271.25 F/g, 240.99 F/g, respectively. The C–V curve indicating the nanorods polyaniline photosensitive sensor chip exhibits excellent sensitivity to green light and blue light. The photocurrent of the sample doped with hydrochloric acid is closest to the 10–6
 A. It can be concluded that the PANI has an immense potential in photosensitive sensors and supercapacitors.


A vibration sensor is constructed by providing two preferably matched coils of fiber-optic material. When the sensor experiences vibration, a differential pressure is exerted on the two fiber coils. The differential pressure results in a variation in the relative optical path lengths between the two fibers so that light beams transmitted through the two fibers are differently delayed, the phase difference therebetween being a detectable indication of the vibration applied to the sensor.


Purpose
Since 2010, Swiss slaughterhouses have no longer accepted end-of-lay chickens, so egg producers have had to slaughter the animals on the farm and deliver them to biogas plants for gasification. However, the producers' association, GalloCircle, has recently contracted a German slaughterhouse to process end-of-lay chickens into meat. As a consequence, an increasing number of these animals are now transported abroad. The purpose of this paper is to compare the two chains from a utilitarian perspective.

Design/methodology/approach
An interview with a central actor is analyzed by objective hermeneutics. In addition, a utilitarian comparison of the two chains is carried out.

Findings
The interview with a core stakeholder reveals that he considers this to be worse for both the animals and the farmers. The system change has been motivated by the (either merely perceived or actual) ethical preferences of consumers. The authors ethical evaluation of the system change shows, however, that highly controversial assumptions would need to be made in order to justify it. The authors doubt that the (alleged) consumer preferences are based on a proper ethical analysis of the two options.

Practical implications
The authors make a case for rationally reconsidering the choice of sending the chickens abroad.

Originality/value
The paper shows that utilitarian analysis is useful to consciously choose between different value chains.


PURPOSE
The aim of this systematic review was to identify studies with a minimum of 5-years follow-up, reporting on the management of periodontally compromised teeth with either extraction and subsequent implant placement or teeth preservation with conventional periodontal treatment and application of regenerative procedures. The outcomes of these two approaches, based on clinical and radiographic data and the incidence of tooth- and implant-loss, were also investigated.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
A systematic search for studies reporting on clinical and radiographic outcomes of periodontal treatment or replacement of periodontally compromised teeth with implants was conducted in 3 electronic databases, followed by a hand-search in 8 journals. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and case series with prospective design were included.

RESULTS
The initial search resulted in 1080 papers. After the first two screenings, 24 publications were selected for inclusion in this systematic review. The treatment protocols for the teeth preservation group contained non-surgical and/or surgical periodontal treatment with or without regeneration procedures. The implant studies included extraction of periodontally involved teeth and implant placement with or without bone and soft tissue augmentation, followed by restoration with fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). Survival rates ranged between 81.8% and 100% in the tooth retention group, and between 94.8% and 100% in the implant group. In the extraction group, no complications were reported for 76.09% of the implants. Similarly, no complications were reported for 86.83% of the tooth retention group. The lack of standardized comparable studies prohibited conduction of a meta-analysis.

CONCLUSION
Both treatment approaches, treatment of periodontally compromised teeth, or tooth extraction followed by implant placement, present high survival rates. The application of bone regeneration techniques improves the long-term prognosis of periodontally involved teeth. Hence, treatment of periodontally involved teeth with subsequent application of a rigorous maintenance protocol can be a viable alternative for a number of years, before proceeding to extraction and replacement with dental implants. More well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed in order to draw definite conclusions on the subject. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Medicinal herbs are increasing in popularity across the world. Consumer sales of herbs and botanicals reached $4.41 billion in 2005 (Nutrition Business Journal 2006). Many medicinal herb products are made from native woodland botanicals that are wild-harvested from natural stands. Most, if not all, of these woodland botanicals can be cultivated commercially. This is beneficial for the conservation of native plant populations, good for farmers looking for new crops, and attractive to manufacturers looking for reliable sources of high quality material. I have led a medicinal plant research and extension program for over 18 years, but in the last three years my staff and I have made a special effort to develop the North Carolina medicinal herb industry. We thought the time was right to do this for three reasons: (1) our state already has a reputation for being a source for high quality plants with exceptional potency; (2) we have growers who are ready and willing to grow herbs; and (3) the region is well suited for the development and expansion of the agricultural and processing sides of the industry. My role in this effort is to conduct research on how to bring these native woodland botanicals into commercial production; determine the economics of production; explore the markets that are available; educate extension agents and growers; and raise awareness among the public, government, and non-profit sectors of our society about this industry. Since 1989, we have conducted research on many native botanicals including goldenseal, bloodroot, black cohosh, and false unicorn. Here's a brief overview of each of these. All are herbaceous perennials, meaning the above ground parts of the plants die down each autumn and a new plant arises each spring from buds on the perennial underground rhizomes. A short review on our Medicinal Herbs for Commerce Project is also included.


Drawing on primary qualitative data and descriptive statistics coming from secondary sources, this paper analyses in a comparative perspective the state of the start-up ecosystems of Santiago (Chile) and Buenos Aires (Argentina). The research examines the dynamics of venture capital, start-up, and policy relations. The paper claims that Chile experiences a top-down development fueled by policy-interventions while Argentina faces a bottom-up development explained by premature endeavors arising from the private sector. Both countries have undergone a gradual transition from birth to growth stage, although they still face an enormous challenge to consolidate their start-up
ecosystems. Buenos Aires' ecosystem shows a slight advantage in terms of maturity, considering investments' exits, highly dynamic start-ups, and investors. The findings indicate that there is the availability of capital for seed stage. However, the possibilities of getting funding for larger rounds are
limited. Consequently, companies that rapidly scale up must go abroad to get capital. It is explained, in part, because of the financial gap identified in both ecosystems. The paper discusses the scope and limitations of the policies implemented in the two countries and proposes an alternative way to explore alternatives for development.


In the reaction of trimethylamine with p-nitrobenzyl chloride, the variation of the free energy of the transition state with solvent is generally larger than the corresponding variation in the sum of the free energies of the reactants, but in the reaction of trimethylamine with methyl iodide the accelerating effect of solvent water is entirely due to a large increase in the free energy of the reactants.


Introduction It is well known that organometallic hydrides of rare earth metals are the catalysts and reducing reagents for the catalysis polymerization of alkenes and the catalysis hydrogenation of alkenoalkynes. There are four methods for the syntheses of organometallic hydrides of rare earth metals: (1) the thermal atomization of metals, I. E. , the interaction of a rare earth metal with alkenes with a terminal alkyne; (2) the Ln-C σ bond is broken with H2; (3) metallic hydride replacement[1], I. E., NaBH4, LiA1H4 and Na can be used to react with organometallic compounds of rare earth metals; (4) the elimination ofβ-H, I. E. , in the presence of LiC1, the elimination of theβ-H of the alkyl compounds of rare earth metals gives the target product. The organohydrides of biindenyl samarium, biindenyl gadolinium and biin denyl dysprosium were obtained with NaH reduction method.


User settings (140a, 140b, 140c) specifying the preferred quality of audiovisual (AV) content to be delivered to a user are collected and used to change the quality of the delivered content based on a function of all the collected settings. Users may provide input regarding tradeoffs in AV quality, such as audio quality versus video quality, or audio quality versus delay. The function used may be an average, weighted average or arithmetic mean, to generate a single quantity (160) that reflects the inputs of all the users. This single input is then used to determine one or more parameters that may be applied in defining the tradeoff(s) implemented in AV content capture, processing, or delivery.


Although there were some which have been discussed about the civic agreement formation technique also in previous research of old city planning, the purpose was placed by introducing as a technique and they were hardly verified about the rationality of the technique. Then, this paper tries to analyze the bearer of a "city planning event" based on backing of a positive field survey, to add the viewpoint of "systematization of participation" which was not in the conventional city planning about the mechanism of decision-making of a community, and to express in a new form.The mechanism is explained by the existence of a community recognized possible in the form where the shift was orderly paying attention to the point changed in the participating opportunity for the bearer of movement to have been restricted.


It discloses a system and method for managing the memory. Memory Management System (18) may include a table having a plurality of virtual memory addresses (32). Each virtual memory address (32), the physical memory address (34), and may correspond to the data to identify the type of memory device corresponding to the physical memory address. Using physical memory address (34), access to the memory device (20, 22, 24) when the table hit occurred. .The


NATIONS HAVE LONG HAD RELATIONS with each other and have acknowledged some responsibilities to each other in the world, but have historians? Members of the American Historical Association will increasingly ponder this question as the time approaches for the first meeting in the United States of the International Congress of Historical Sciences. Some American historians have attended the other international meetings held in Europe since 1goo, but the congress is expected to bring together in San Francisco in August 1975 several thousand historians, most of them Americans. The participants will read or listen to learned papers on the "grand themes of history" as well as on a large number of smaller topics, will attend receptions, and will enjoy the still powerful attractions of northern California. One may well ask to what useful end all this movement, all this expense of time and money will be directed. My answer is a simple one. International congresses of historians do not fully meet the needs of the times and cannot be expected to do so unless the organization that sponsors them is substantially changed and unless national organizations accept far greater international responsibilities. For the AHA this means that we need to strengthen the teaching and writing in the United States of the history of all regions of the world, to recognize the increasingly significant study abroad of our history, and to foster in all possible ways the professional relations of historians on an international scale. For the ICHS to meet its challenge, this largely Western organization must review its traditional operations in various specific ways, which will be suggested later. This may seem a Utopian proposal to those aware of the political problems encountered by the congresses and to historians everywhere who are


Background: Surgical site infections (SSI's) are the third most commonly reported nosocomial infections which have an adverse impact on the hospital as well as on the patient. A continuous surveillance is essential to find out the incidence of SSI's, risk factors implicated, organisms involved and their sensitivity patterns. Objectives: The aim of our study is to find out the incidence of SSI's, risk factors implicated, organisms involved and their sensitivity patterns. Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted at Owaisi hospital and research center, for patients admitted to the Department of General Surgery and Surgical Gastroenterology for a period of six months. The demographic data, diagnostic criteria, associated risk factors and laboratory data including Gram stain, culture and antimicrobial susceptibility of swabs from the surgical sites were collected. Results: Out of 130 patients recruited in the study, 7 patients showed evidence of surgical site infections at a rate of 5.38%. Prolonged duration of surgery and prior stenting of biliary tract showed significantly higher rate of surgical site infection compared to their counterparts. The most commonly isolated bacteria was Escherichia coli. Conclusion: The incidence of SSI was 5.38% which was comparable to that reported in literature. Escherichia coli was the most commonly isolated bacteria. History of prior stenting of biliary tract and prolonged duration of surgery stand out as major risk factors for incidence of SSI's. Other comorbidities did not directly affect the rate of SSI in our study. Dr. Radha Krishna. K* 1 , Sumaya Fatima 2 , Shafia Fatima 2 , Syed Ibad Uddin Taqui 2 , Dr. Sara Fatima 3 1 Assistant professor, Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Owaisi Hospital and Research, Center, DMRL 'X' road, Santoshnagar, Kanchan Bagh, Hyderabad, Telangana 500058, India. 2 Pharm-D Student, Deccan school of pharmacy, Darussalam, Aghapura, Hyderabad500001, India. 3 PharmD Assistant professor, Department of pharmacy practice, Deccan school of pharmacy, Darussalam, Aghapura, Hyderabad500001, India. Submission: 7 May 2017 Accepted: 12 May 2017 Published: 25 May 2017 www.ijppr.humanjournals.com Citation: Dr. Radha Krishna. K et al. Ijppr.Human, 2017; Vol. 9 (2): 160-166. 16


In this paper we use the gravity model to analyze the affecting factors of the intra-industry trade between China and other East Asian countries. Those factors include GDP 、DIST 、GDPP 、DGDP 、FDI. The intra-industry trade between China and other East Asian countries is affected positively by GDP 、GDPP and FDI, while it is affected negatively by DIST 、DGDP.


Germinal centers (GC) are critically important for the maturation of the antibody response and the generation of memory B cells, which are the basis for long-term protection from pathogens. Germinal centers only occur in lymphoid tissue, such as lymph nodes, and are not present in blood. Therefore, cells of the germinal center, including GC B cells and GC T follicular helper (TFH) cells, are not well-studied in humans under normal healthy conditions, due to the limited availability of healthy lymph node samples. We used a minimally invasive, routine clinical procedure, lymph node fine needle aspirations (LN FNAs), to obtain lymph node cells from healthy human subjects to establish benchmarks of GC cells under noninflammatory conditions. This study of 50 lymph nodes demonstrates that human LN FNAs are a safe and feasible technique for immunological research, and defines benchmarks for human GC biology. The findings indicate that assessment of the GC response via LN FNAs will have application to the study of human vaccination, allergy, and autoimmune disease.


Osteochondromas are usually common tumors of the long bones, Osteochondroma of temporo mandibular joint is a rare, slow growing, benign tumor that causes a progressive enlargement of the condyle, usually resulting in facial asymmetry, temporo mandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction, limited mouth opening and malocclusion. Radiographically, there is unilaterally enlarged condyle usually with an exophytic outgrowth of the tumor from the condylar head. We present a rare case of osteochondroma of right mandibular condyle in a 46-year-old male who reported with painless swelling over TMJ area and progressive limited mouth opening. Computed tomography (CT) was performed for better evaluation of the pathological condition.


Material aging ("thermal fatigue") in nuclear power plant piping systems due to thermal fluctuations has been identified as a high ranking safety issue [1]. In order to provide a reliable assessment of potential material stresses the temperature fluctuations need to be well characterized as an input entity for analytical investigations. This contribution presents a sensor able to characterize thermal fluctuations on the wall – an entity necessary as input to analytical investigation. An array of resistive temperature detectors (RTDs) based on a micro patterned thin film platinum resistor has been built. The sensors are located in a glass substrate (40×53 mm), in which the platinum resistors and the electrical contact leads are embedded. The operational temperature range is below 0 °C up to 200 °C, the temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) is 0.0011 °C with a high correlation coefficient, and the thermal time constant has been verified at about 30 ms. Such sensors can be used to measure and characterize in terms of frequency and amplitude of thermal fluctuations at the inner wall of t-junction pipelines in order to evaluate the heat flux through the wall and thus the heat transfer coefficient.


This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact email@example.com. Science and English in the Chicago Publio High Schools. During the past three years she has devoted her time to graduate study in French.


Introduction The assumption that "normal" or typical sexual behavior exists is important for research and practice (van Lankveld, 2013). The definition of normal sexual behavior is multifaceted, that is why its adequate understanding by students in the course of sexuality requires some effort. Objectives The focus of the research was the students' understanding of complicated normal sexual behavior. Methods 24 students (20 women; aged from 20 to 37 with M=25.5 and SD=5.7) completed adapted and modified questionnaire (Kite, 1990) consisting 30 items concerning sexual behavior by deciding whether or not they consider each item as normal. Then the evaluations by each student on all items were generalized and discussed and summarized in this general form among all participants. Results Only 2 items were considered by all students as a normal: concerning sex somewhere other than a bed and masturbation after marriage. Some items were evaluated as normal by the half of participants: fantasizing about a person other than one's partner during sex; becoming aroused by peeping; dressing of the clothing of the other sex; having rape fantasies. Many items were characterized as normal by less or more than a half of the participants. Trying to answer the question of what elements of sexual behavior can be considered as normal, students aware the ambiguity of these assumptions and observe the variability in the opinions of other participants. Conclusions Evaluation of different elements of sexual behavior and subsequent group discussion demonstrates for students some difficulties and uncertainty in defining normal sex behavior. Disclosure No significant relationships.


The purpose of this research was to procedure saving of zygotic embryo of mango
through the culture method of in vitro. The research steps were the following:
germination of zygotic embryo,(a) rooting of embryo,(b) germination of embryo
zygotic,(b) acclimatization of plan let. (c) growth of seedling. The result of research indicated that : (1) The Optimum medium of embryo rooting growth Is B-5 which It added with 3.3 mm IBA (lndole-3-Butyric Acid) and O.5% active charcoal. (2). The high viability of hybrid plan let is from crossing over between (Heiden x Arumanis) and (Irwin x Arumanis), 70% and 60% respectively and the lowest one is Arumanis as female parent (25-33%). (3)The ability of plan let hybrid acclimatization is about 20-50%, but hybrid from Arumanis as female parent was not be acclimated yet, accept on hybrid from crossing over between Arumanis x Heiden 25%.


Jeruk Siam ( Citrus Nobilis var. Microcarpa) is one of the orange that become a commodity in Pontianak. The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the effects of sprout extract and BAP and the optimum conceration for the growth of Jeruk Siam culture seed orangesiam Seed. Research conducted for 3 months from June to August 2013 in the Tissue Culture Laboratory of Biology, University of Tanjungpura Pontianak. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) factorial with 2 factors treatment was used for experimental design. The first factor on the sprout extract concentration level (0 %, 5 %,10%,15 % , ) and the second factor on the level of concentration of BAP (0 ppm, 0.5 ppm , 1 ppm, 1.5 ppm) The results showed there are significant influence between sprout and extract concentration of 0.5 ppm BAP with 10 % sprout extract and 1 ppm BAP with 15 % sprout extract of 2.875 strands. The given of 10% sprout extract and number of plantlets 3.5 plantlets dry weight of 0.38 grams . BAP 0.5 ppm produce plantlets 4.988 cm tall and produces a concentration of 1 ppm wet weight of 0.2 grams.


Recent randomized clinical trials have shown that an anti–inflammatory treatment may reduce the recurrence of cardiovascular events in association with traditional secondary prevention measures. Aim: The aim of this observational retrospective study based on patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), treated with high intensity statins and undergoing an early invasive strategy, was to evaluate the incidence of residual inflammatory risk after 1 month, its possible determinants and its association with the medium–long term prognosis.

 We selected patients with ACS without ST segment elevation (ACS–NSTEMI) admitted to our hospital from June 2015 to June 2018 who had a complete biochemical examination at 1 month after the acute event. All these patients were included in the PRATO–ACS Registry (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04087200). All–cause mortality was analyzed within 3 years. Residual inflammatory risk (RIR) was defined as 1–month high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs–CRP) value > 2 mg/l. The association between 1–month hs–CRP and 3–year all–cause mortality was expressed by hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

 The study group consisted of 739 patients (mean age 68 ± 12 years, male 68.3%, mean hospital stay 5 ± 2 days) all treated with high intensity statins (rosuvastatin 20–40 mg or atorvastatin 40–80 mg) immediately upon admission and scheduled for early invasive strategy (74.5% underwent PCI). At baseline 525 patients (71%) had hs–CRP values ≥ 2 mg/l and 568 (77%) LDL cholesterol levels > 100 mg/dl. The incidence of RIR was 58.7%, with no significant differences between patients with LDL <or> 70 mg/dl. Lipid profile (LDL > 100 mg/dl, HDL < 40mg/dl in man and < 50mg/dl in woman), hs–CRP > 2 mg/l, the left ventricular ejection fraction < 40% and glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/m2 were independently associated with RIR. Multivariate analysis showed that RIR was an independent predictor of 3–year all–cause mortality (HR = 2.15 (95% CI 1.06–4.33; p = 0.03)) while LDL cholesterol > 70 mg/dl did not (HR = 0.98 95% (CI 0.50–1.91; p = 0.9)).

 In a population of ACS patients treated with high intensity statins and an early invasive therapeutic strategy, the incidence of RIR (hs–CRP ≥ 2 mg/l) at 1 month after ACS is high (58.7%). The RIR is associated with a higher baseline clinical risk profile and was an independent predictor of 3 year all–cause mortality regardless of achieved LDL values.


We discuss characteristics of whistler-mode chorus emissions in planetary magnetospheres, based on results of recent simulation studies. A series of simulations revealed dependencies of the spectral characteristics of chorus on the number density of energetic electrons [Katoh and Omura, JGR 2011] and on the inhomogeneity of the background magnetic field [Katoh and Omura, JGR 2013]. The simulation results showed that the wave amplitude of chorus tends to decrease for the case of small magnetic field inhomogeneity, because the threshold wave amplitude in generating chorus becomes small. While the wave amplitude of chorus is relatively small in the Jovian magnetosphere than that in the terrestrial magnetosphere, this difference can be explained by the relationship between the chorus intensity and the magnetic field inhomogeneity. In this presentation, we show our future plan of the cross-reference simulations for the investigation of chorus in planetary magnetospheres. In the cross-reference simulations, the range of the variation of the magnetic field inhomogeneity in the inner Jovian magnetosphere will be investigated by MHD simulations, and then the spectral characteristics of chorus under the reproduced magnetospheric setting will be studied by electron hybrid simulations. Our cross-reference simulations will provide important clues in understanding the generation mechanism of chorus and the role of chorus in the relativistic electron acceleration process occurring in planetary magnetospheres, by comparing with the observation results of Jovian chorus by Galileo spacecraft [e.g., Katoh et al., JGR 2011] as well as chorus in the terrestrial inner magnetosphere.


In India there is a need to improve the quality and economy of the electricity distribution process which has increased varying from year to year. In overhead networks, the limiting factor to load carrying capacity is generally the voltage reduction. To improve the quality of supply, one of the recommendations is the implementation of "Single phase HT distribution system with small capacity single phase transformers. Under this system HT line is extended up to or as near the load as possible and to erect small capacity distribution transformers i.e. 25 KVA and to extend supply to the consumer through a short length of LT lines, preferably insulated overhead cable (Aerial Bunched Cables) system. Losses in the existing system are as high as 30%(approx.). In the existing Low Voltage Distribution System where the multiple loads are fed from a single large capacity transformer and the loads are not uniform from the Starting bus to the Tail End bus and also the loads have low power factor and low load factor. Further, load density is low due to dispersal of loads. The existing 11 KV distribution KOVUR-SS consists of 30 distribution transformer with lengthy L. T Lines. In this system, the losses are high; voltage profile and reliability are unsatisfactory. In this, the existing Low Voltage Distribution system of KOVUR Sub-Station Layout has been simulated with the help of ELECTRICAL TRANSIENT ANALYSIS PROGRAM (E-TAP) software and the real time losses have been identified in order to improve the stability of the system and getting same voltage in starting bus as well as in the ending bus. The LVDS Layout has been restructured as HVDS and has been introduced with small capacity distribution transformers. Results of the load flow analysis shows a significant reduction of line losses which reduced to as low as 5%.


Nitrogen in water is mainly composed of ammonium, nitrite and nitrate, and which can cause eutrophication. A lot of efforts were made to remove them and the accompanying efforts have been made for the development of analytical methods. Rapid and on site detection methods are required for the analysis of pollutants in water system. Thus, we focused on the development of analytical method for nitrite, and the feasibility study on the nitrite analysis by PVC adsorbent columns coated with BCDMA, Biphenyl and methanol. The adsorbents could effectively adsorb mixed reagent in the range of 4 to 20 for nitrite detection and show linear relationship with color band length. The adsorbance was influenced by pH.


This atlas of the wind energy resource is composed of introductory and background information, a regional summary of the wind resource, and assessments of the wind resource in Nevada and California. Background on how the wind resource is assessed and on how the results of the assessment should be interpreted is presented. A description of the wind resource on a regional scale is then given. The results of the wind energy assessments for each state are assembled into an overview and summary of the various features of the regional wind energy resource. An introduction and outline to the descriptions of the wind resource given for each state are given. Assessments for individual states are presented as separate chapters. The state wind energy resources are described in greater detail than is the regional wind energy resource, and features of selected stations are discussed.


Abstract The present work investigated the effects of an autochthonous mycorrhizal consortium "Rhizolive consortium" (RC) on the early oxidative events induced in olive plants after Verticillium dahliae inoculation. Our objective aims to determine whether mycorrhization caused biochemical changes in the stems and roots of olive plants after V. dahliae inoculation to assess the utility of RC as a bioprotective agent against Verticillium wilt disease. Results showed that V. dahliae inoculation induced significant changes of H2O2 and MDA content among time, treatments and organ type (stems or roots). Pre-inoculation of olive plants with "Rhizolive consortium" significantly stimulated enzymatic antioxidative activity (p < 0.05). The mycorrhizal-infected plants exhibited high values of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase and catalase activities in stems compared to roots. When comparing mycorrhizal-infected olive plants with infected ones, RC seemed significantly to stimulate the studied antioxidative enzymes and to reduce oxidative damage in the root of olive plants. These results suggest that the oxidative burst represents one of the early events of pathogenic host interactions and the mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis have the ability to induce the defense antioxidative mechanisms in olive plants against Verticillium wilt disease by mitigating the negative effects of oxidants.


In analogy with the Thurston norm, we define for an orientable 3- manifold M a numerical function on H2(M; Q/Z). This function measures the minimal complexity of folded surfaces representing a given homology class. A similar function is defined on the torsion subgroup of H1(M; Z). These functions are estimated from below in terms of abelian torsions of M. One of the most beautiful invariants of a 3-dimensional manifold M is the Thurston semi-norm on H2(M; Q), see (8). The geometric idea leading to this semi-norm is to consider the minimal genus of a surface in M realizing any given 2- homology class of M. Thurston's definition of the semi-norm uses a suitably normal- ized Euler characteristic of the surface rather than the genus. The Thurston semi- norm is uninteresting for a rational homology sphere M, since then H2(M; Q) = 0. However, a rational homology sphere may have non-trivial 2-homology with coeffi- cients in Q/Z. Homology classes in H2(M; Q/Z) can be realized by folded surfaces, locally looking like unions of several half-planes in R 3 with common boundary line. It is natural to consider "smallest" folded surfaces in a given homology class. We use this train of ideas to define for an arbitrary orientable 3-manifold M (not necessarily a rational homology sphere) a function θ : H2(M; Q/Z) → R+ = {r ∈ R | r ≥ 0}. This function measures the "minimal" normalized Euler characteristic of a folded surface representing a given class in H2(M; Q/Z). Using the boundary homomorphism d : H2(M; Q/Z) → H1(M) = H1(M; Z), whose image is equal to Tors H1(M), we derive from θ a function � : Tors H1(M) → R+ by �(u) = infx∈d−1(u) θ(x) for any u ∈ Tors H1(M). One can view �(u) as a "normalized minimal genus" of oriented knots in M representing u. If M is a rational homology sphere, then d is an isomorphism and � = θ ◦ d −1 . We give an estimate of the function θ from above in terms of the Thurston semi-norm on knot complements in M. This estimate implies that θ is bounded from above and is upper semi-continuous with respect to a natural topology on H2(M; Q/Z). (I do not know whether θ is continuous.) The functions θ andare also estimated from below using abelian torsions of M. These estimates are parallel


HLS tools have been introduced with the promise of easening and shortening the design cycle of tedious and error-prone RTL-based development of hardware accelerators. However, they do so either by concealing meaningful hardware decisions which model the computing architecture-such as OpenCL compilers-or by abstracting them away into a high-level programming language-usually C-based. In this paper, we show that although Vivado HLS is sufficiently mature to generate a functionally correct FPGA accelerator from a naive description, reaching an accelerator which optimizes the FPGA resource utilization in a way that conveys maximum performance is a process for a hardware architect mindset. We use a highly demanding application, that requires real-time operation, and develop a non-binary LDPC decoder on a state-of-the-art Virtex 7 FPGA, using the Vivado HLS framework. Despite using the same programming syntax as a C-language software compiler, the underlying programming model is not the same, thus, the optimizations required in code refactoring are distinct. Moreover, directive-based optimizations that tweak the synthesized C description hardware must be used in order to attain efficient architectures. These processes are documented in this paper, to guide the reader on how an HLS-based accelerator can be designed, which in our case can come close to the performance achieved with dedicated hand-made RTL descriptions.


Though much work has been done on the manganese ore deposits of Koduru, Devada, Duvvam and Garividi, no attempt has been made so far to study the powder form occurring as thin beds Intercalated with the primary ore bands. Therefore, an attempt is made in the present paper to know the source of the manganese powder, its depositional environment, mineral constituents and textural features. For this purpose, the manganese powder from Devada was subjected to magnetic separation, and the magnetic and non-magnetic parts were analysed by size analysis, ore microscopic and X-ray studies. The following are some of the Significant conclusions arrived at from this investigation (1) From the size analysis it is shown that the source of the manganese powder is very near and almost in situ, and the powder was formed due to crushing from the primary bedded ores. (2) The elongation and roundness studies show that most of the grams are not spherical, the average length is about 1.4 to 1.7 times the average width; and this also indicates a near source for the manganese powder. (3) The magnetic part consists of vredenburgite, magnetite and hematite with little pyrolusite, while the non-magnetic part comprises pyrolusite, psilomelane, hematite, hollandite, braunite, bixbyite, geothite and limonite. (4) A new mineral, quenselite (PbMnO 2 (OH)) is reported for the first time from this area. (5) The magnetic susceptibility of different powder fractions is correlated with the amount of the sum of vredenburgite and magnetite; of these, coarse fractions contammg much vredenburglte are having high magnetic susceptibilies.


In order to let up to experiment the error margin,exaltation examination accuracy,analyzed the frozen beef in the source that coliforms measure the indetermination,assessed the diagraph indetermination degree that dispersion measure by repetition cause.Measure the result manifestation expand the indetermination degree is 0.120 7%.


A new category of sensing devices based on perturbation of a resonant circuit or cavity is presented in this paper. The sensor uses a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) resonator perturbed by the column length of a liquid-in-glass thermometer. Total 1.05°MHz/°C sensitivity is measured with contributions of 0.6 MHz/°C from a liquid-in-glass thermometer with 0.2 mm diameter of the ethanol column and 0.45 MHz/°C from the SIW resonator. Simulations based on liquid columns with diameters of 0.5 mm and 1 mm show that sensitivities at least one order of magnitude higher than values currently available from state-of-the-art SAW sensors can be achieved. A solar energy harvesting solution is also analyzed for increasing the reading distance in fully wireless sensing applications.


Illiteracy is still a black hole in modern-day society, with around 960 million people all over the world unable to read or write. In advanced societies, illiteracy is closely linked to social exclusion, to shame, social immobility and poverty. The poverty cycle can be broken and by literacy learning at early ages but also at adult age. One more chance to break this poverty cycle is the realization of a literacy e-learning tool to assist literacy teaching and learning. In this way, this paper presents an intelligent literacy tool (iLIT) which consists of an embedded system running dedicated literacy software. The application was developed for Romanian language and there are also provided the necessary building blocks and interfaces to help other developers extend the platform for their own language and culture


Portz, J.D., Kutner, J.S., Blatchford, P.J. Blatchford, Ritchie, C.L. (2017). High Symptom Burden and Low Functional Status in The Setting of Multimorbidity. J Am Geriatic Soc. 2017 Oct;65(10):2285–2,289. doi: 10.1111/jgs.15045. In the course of conducting another unrelated secondary analyses with the data set that was used for 1, it was discovered that there was an inadvertent error in coding. The coding error affected baseline summary scores for one of outcomes reported in the manuscript, the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS). Correction of this coding error resulted in changes in the absolute score values, but did not change directionality or significance of the outcomes reported. The only value that needs to be corrected is in Table 1, where the ESAS standard deviation changes from 15.9 to 16.2. This corrigendum includes an explanation of the error, the corrective actions, and the corrected Table 1 file. The authors apologize for the error.


On the first Earth Day, April 22, 1970, Mary Lou Guerinot decided that she would major in biology in college in the hope of promoting environmental sustainability. As the 50th anniversary of Earth Day approaches, Guerinot, now a professor of biological sciences at Dartmouth College and a member of the National Academy of Sciences, is well on her way toward achieving that goal through her work on the molecular mechanisms of metal ion uptake and its regulation. Guerinot's work is laying the foundation for environmentally sustainable, nutrient-dense crops, as well as plant-based solutions for removal of toxic metals from soil. Her Inaugural Article (1) reports the identification of a transcription factor essential for plant growth under iron deficiency. The finding moves her team closer to understanding the iron homeostasis pathway in plants, holding promise for improving agricultural productivity and human health.

Mary Lou Guerinot. Image courtesy of Olga Zhaxybayeva (Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH).

Guerinot was raised in upstate New York, where she attended the Rochester-based Catholic all-girls St. Agnes High School. "Unlike the boys' Catholic high school nearby, it was basically science-light," she says. "We didn't have physics or calculus, and very few students went on to college to study science." She and a few other students urged their math teacher to let them study calculus on their own. The hard work on this subject and others paid off, and Guerinot was accepted at Cornell University's College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. She adhered to her decision to major in biology and earned a Bachelor of Science degree with distinction at Cornell in 1975. Four years later, Guerinot earned a doctorate in biology from Dalhousie University under the direction of David Patriquin, studying the sea urchin–lobster–kelp ecosystem.

Envisioning life as a marine microbiologist, Guerinot did a postdoctoral fellowship at the …


Abstract : It is imperative the United States (US) accelerate its development within the field of directed energy weapons and guard against the emergence of hypersonic threats. Hypersonic weaponry shifts the strategic calculus of U.S. decision makers, increases stand-off capabilities and alters the deterrence equation of international actors. Directed energy weapons offer a feasible approach countering the proliferation of hypersonic threats to the homeland, safeguards the decision space of our nations leaders and potentially strengthens military, diplomatic and economic instruments of power simultaneously.


The episode training strategy, which trains models by many episodes to recognize unseen object categories using one or a few samples, is used by many existing approaches to solve the few-shot classification. An episode can be regarded as a classification task for the few-shot classification. However, this training strategy will be tricky when the task feature differences between the training episodes are big. To improve on this shortcomimg, we propose an Episode Adaptation Loss (EAL) to reduce these gaps for optimizing the models efficiently. Furthermore, to enhance the ability of each class feature representation and preserve diversities of the intra-class features, we propose Multi-Prototypical Representations (MPR) and a Multi-Prototype Unrelated Loss (MPUL). In addition, we introduce the multi-prototypes inductive inference as a classification strategy for our method. We evaluate our method on miniImageNet and Fewshot-CIFAR100 benchmarks. Experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms the baseline approaches. The ablation study validates that the components of the proposed method all provide positive effects on few-shot learning.


ABSTRACT We examined field distributions of the scavenging snail Amphissa columbiana and looked for evidence of fish predation. In the laboratory, we tested for predation by 6 crab and 10 sea star species and measured the ability of A. columbiana to chemically detect and respond to the sea star Leptasterias hexaclis. A. columbiana occurred from the low intertidal zone to depths of at least 92 m. We found no evidence of fish predation, but 4 crab species readily fed on A. columbiana. Only 3 of 10 sea star species fed on A. columbiana and predation rates were low. The inability of many sea stars to prey on A. columbiana was related to an unusual defense in which the snail inserted its proboscis deep into one of the sea star's ambulacral grooves and bit the radial nerve. The injury, which generally repelled the attacking sea star, immobilized the affected arm, rendering it useless for several days. The biting defense appears to be effective against several sea star species and may reduce predation on A. columbiana.


Recent developments in the field of integration technologies like Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) have emerged to support organizations towards improving the quality of services and reducing integration costs. Despite the importance of EAI, there is limited empirical research reported on its adoption in the healthcare sector. Khoumbati et al. [2006] developed a model for the evaluation of EAI in healthcare organizations. In doing so, the causal interrelationship of EAI adoption factors was identified by using fuzzy cognitive mapping. This paper is a progression of previous work in the area and seeks to contribute by validating the model through a different case environment. Thus, this paper contributes by deriving and proposing the MAESTRO model for EAI adoption. MAESTRO identifies a set of factors that influence EAI adoption and it is evaluated through a real-life case study. It provides an understanding of the EAI adoption process through its grounding on empirical data. In doing so, the MAESTRO model supports the management of healthcare organizations during the decision-making process for EAI adoption.


We describe a novel approach to the analysis of pronominal anaphora in Turkish. A computational medium which is based on situation theory is used as our implementation tool. The task of resolving pronominal anaphora is demonstrated in this environment which employs situation-theoretic constructs for processing.


Mid-Century Modern is a style of architecture, product, interior, and graphic design that reflects 20th century developments in modern design. Mid Century Modern style is a combination of many styles and materials, one of which is retro style wrapped with the simplicity of Scandinavian style. Several Scandinavian design elements were applied to the Mid-Century Modern design by displaying clean lines, the use of wood, soft and minimalist organic curves. One of the popular design styles in the Mid-Century Modern era is the Biomorphic form which has a characteristic of curved shape, smooth surface, asymmetrical shape and is oriented towards natural objects and their environment. One of the iconic mid-century design is the La Chaise chair by Charles and Ray Eames, its biomorphic shape inspired by Gaston Lachaise's 'The Floating Figure' sculpture. Through analysis of politic, economy, social and technology and the work of figures in the Mid-Century Modern era, we were able to identify the key concepts, design elements and visual characters of this era, which were then used to determine the concept and design style's visual character for the brand concept and product collection of Móta Studio.


Over the past century, the City of Boston has periodically experienced a decline in water table elevations and the associated deterioration of untreated timber piles which support building foundations. To combat declining water tables, Boston has instituted a groundwater conservation overlay district enforced by City zoning boards to require stormwater recharge practices for any new development or redevelopment project that increases impervious area. The primary goal of this research was to determine if such stormwater recharge best management practices (BMPs) have had an impact on groundwater levels in Boston. Recharge to the water table in Boston results from the infiltration of rainfall and snowmelt, leakage from water mains, and recharge from man-made systems (Aldrich and Lambrechts, 1986). As water providers in Massachusetts strive to meet requirements of Massachusetts General Law Chapter 21G, which requires unaccounted-for water (e.g. leaking water pipes) to less than 10 percent (<10%), investigations have been conducted to isolate and remediate leaking water pipes throughout the city. Given the high percentage of impervious cover area of Boston, the remaining sources of recharge are primarily man-made systems, including pump and infiltrate systems and stormwater recharge BMPs. The goal of this study was to determine the extent to which installed stormwater recharge BMPs have led to increased groundwater levels. Regional multivariate regression models were developed to determine the potential effects of recharge BMPs on observed groundwater elevations. Our final models reveal that the installation of recharge BMPs has a slight but significant positive impact on groundwater levels in the Back Bay with the effect being proportional to their capacity and inversely proportional to their distance from the location of interest. The resulting models can be used to predict the impact on average well elevations at a particular location, of installing a recharge BMP (or a set of such BMPs) of a particular capacity at a particular distance from that location.


To automatically create software for programmable controllers for industrial plant control, a system has been developed that extracts information necessary for programming from system design specifications (such as an operation specification and actuator list) and creates programs by part retrieval. The inference engine uses a frame description language to execute a production system. Part retrieval rules are provided hierarchically and executed by the production system. When the system retrieves a software part by part retrieval rules, it retrieves the signal defined in the part from the input output signals, customizes the part, and creates an intermediate program, which is converted to a program in the target programmable controller's language. The system was applied to the creation of control programs for gradually cooling equipment in a wire and rod mill plant.<<ETX>>


Scavenging the idling computation resources at the enormous number of mobile devices will provide a new platform for implementing mobile cloud computing and thereby alleviate traffic congestion in core networks. The vision can be realized by mobile cooperative computing, referred to simply as co-computing. In this paper, we consider a co-computing system where a user offloads computation of input-data to a helper. To minimize the user's energy consumption, the helper controls the offloading process based on a predicted CPU-idling profile, displaying time-varying spare computation resources. Assume the helper has a large buffer for storing the offloaded data. The derived solution for the optimal offloading control has an interesting graphical interpretation as follows. In the plane of user's co-computable bits (by offloading) versus time, based on helper's CPU-idling profile, a so called offloading feasibility region can be constructed constraining the range of offloaded bits at any time instant. Given the region, the optimal offloading is shown to be achieved by the well-known "string-pulling" strategy, graphically referring to pulling a string across the region. The solution approach is further extended to the case where the helper has a small buffer, via constructing an offloading feasibility tunnel based on the helper's CPU-idling profile and buffer size. Furthermore, we prove that the problem of optimal data partitioning for offloading and local computing at the user is convex, admitting a simple solution using the sub-gradient method.


Objective To comparison the clinical outcomes of lumbar intervertebral fusion between Wiltse approach and traditional approach.Methods A total of 22 patients undergoing lumbar intervertebral fusion by Wiltse approach(12 cases) or traditional approach(10 cases) from 2008 to 2009 were involved,and all of the patients were followed up for 1 year.The operative duration,blood loss,postoperative draining,pre-and postoperative scores of visual analog scale(VAS) and Oswestry disability index(ODI),and transverse section of multifidus muscles on MRI were evaluated.Results The differences of all items between Wilitse approach and traditional approach were statistically significant(P0.05).The difference of cross sectional area of multifidus muscle of Wilitse approach cases between pre-and post-operation wasn't statistically significant(P0.05),but that of traditional approach cases was statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion Wiltse approach causes less paraspinal muscle damdge,and is beneficial to recovery.


Objective To study impact of the myocardial ischemia reperfusion on apoptosis in the boundary area,and its significance.Methods The myocardial ischemia/reperfusion model in rabbit was build up;relations of dynamic expression of boundary caspase-3 mRNA and bcl-2 mRNA,and myocardial cell apoptosis were assessed by the technique of semi-quality RT-PCR and conventional HE.Results From 4 h after ischemia reperfusion injury caspase-3 mRNA and apoptosis started to lift,at the 12 h reached the high peak.A significantly positive correlation was found between the number of apoptotic myocytes and logarithmic value of caspase-3 mRNA expression(r=0.9286,P0.001);while ischemia reperfusion injury at the 12 h bcl-2 mRNA started to be activated,then kept on to maintain the low level appearance,untill 48 h then the apoptosis and bcl-2 mRNA expression were significantly negatively correlated(r=-0.9648,P0.001).Conclusion Capase-3 and bcl-2 dysequilibrium is an important cause inducing boundary area cell apoptosis which will influence ventricular reconstitution.


This paper reviews cyclic peptides from marine sponges and their biological activities in the last six years. These cyclic peptides have three mainly structural types: single cyclic peptide, cyclic depsipeptide, di cyclic peptide, and many of them show strong cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antifungal, and enzyme inhibitory activities.


Metaheuristics have been successfully proposed in the past years for sizing the circuits containing large number of transistors, and it has been shown that they can replace traditional approaches. Among the most well-known metaheuristics, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) have been used successfully to optimize analog circuits. Although PSO, ACO and ABC are robust and have a good research strategy to solve problems, they suffer from their need for computation time and accuracy in the case of multi-variable problems. In this paper, we discuss the application of a new algorithm called Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) to resolution and optimization of single-objective and multi-objective problems. The performances of WOA in the field of integrated electronic circuits (IEC) are highlighted through a more interesting and complex integrated circuit (IC) called low voltage amplifier. This algorithm is coded in MATLAB software and the obtained results are validated by Cadence Virtuoso simulations using CMOS 0.18µm technology. Comparison with other metaheuristics shows the interest of the proposed algorithm.


Abstract : In the wake of Hurricane Katrina, a national debate emerged regarding the ability of the Federal Government to coordinate the actions of multiple departments and agencies. The most significant obstacle to conducting synchronized, coordinated interagency operations is the way each agency approaches problem solving. While the Hurricane Katrina response is considered by many to be an anomaly, there is ample evidence that the government's problems in Katrina were not isolated phenomena. This study proposes that much of the difficulty in dealing with other agencies lies in how each organization approaches problem solving and how they design operations based on how they understand the problem. The absence of operational art and systemic thinking led the federal response to Katrina to less than impressive results. The events of Katrina revealed a failure to focus and coordinate efforts at the tactical level, and a disconnect between national policy and implementation. Systemic Operational Design (SOD) offers a methodology that has tremendous potential for alleviating some of the obstacles to effective integrated operations, reducing tension between agencies, and improving interagency cooperation. Introducing operational art through systems thinking may bridge the gap in interagency cooperation, and would benefit interagency operations both domestically and overseas.


The literature on the economic analysis of child labor is rich and insightful. There are, however, lines of research that should be encouraged. One of the main issues to be incorporated more seriously in the literature is the formal analysis of cultural and behavioral rules at the community level and their impact on household decisions, including child labor. A simple model of such type of interactions is shown in this paper. Also, more empirical evidence on the effect of social interactions is needed to move forward in the thorough analysis of social norms and economic behavior. In order to do that, more data and a different quality of data is needed. Finally, in terms of the policy perspective, it is important to emphasize that reducing child labor is not the objective per se. The main objective is to relax some important constraints on household decision-making to improve household welfare and, more important, to increase incomegeneration capabilities of the individuals in the future. That leads to the incorporation of other variables in the analysis which should not be neglected, namely, economic growth, regional development, and quality of schooling. As it has been the case historically in development economics, the literature on child labor has taught us a good deal about the microeconomics of development.


Abstract:Alc. 42 V is a mythological variant of the sympotic motif of carpe diem. By creating a setting of perfect bliss only to shatter it soon afterwards, Alcaeus uses the authority of the mythological exemplum to underline the transience of human happiness and encourage the enjoyment of the sympotic moment.


Advancements in the field of heart failure have significantly improved both mortality and the quality of life of millions. However, heart failure generally remains a chronic disease with an insidious progression to organ failure despite optimal medical treatment. Early consideration of advanced therapies such as mechanical circulatory support and cardiac transplantation in advanced heart failure is essential. The purpose of this chapter is to assist the reader in the identification of patients with advanced heart failure that have not yet developed irreversible end-organ dysfunction, as interventions in this narrow therapeutic window results in improved post-surgical outcomes.


Experience has shown that significant opportunity for performance improvements exists in energy intensive operations. Often, efforts to improve efficiency focus on vendor-led initiatives to improve operations of particular equipment. This approach assumes the overall efficiency of the system is simply a function of the individual units. However, many more factors contribute to overall performance improvement. These external factors contribute greater weight to poor performance than do equipment efficiency issues. It is common to have a very efficient process that runs very ineffectively. Despite efforts to improve efficiency of specific processes, subtly complex operations defy lasting improvement due to increased reliance on the judgment of human operators. Below the surface, process operators and managers have very different goals for when operating the process. These differences cause significant barriers to sustained performance improvements. The magnitude of performance losses can be orders larger than simple equipment efficiency losses.


An ovulate strobilus from the Upper Triassic Deep River Basin, North Carolina, has helically arranged, loosely aggregated, elongated, spatulate bracts with axillary ovule-bearing appendages with about 8-10 ovules attached in two lateral rows, with outwardly directed micropyles. The axillary ovuliferous appendage is homologous with the voltzialean fertile dwarf shoot, but probably not directly evolved from it. More credible is a suggested origin from a completely fertile axillary appendage such as that of the Lower Permian Trichopitys. The occurrence of this cone, Metridiostrobus palissyaeoides, gen. and sp. nov., along with Compsostrobus neotericus and Voltzia andrewsii, reflects considerable diversity among conifer ovulate cones during the Upper Triassic. LARGELY as the result of the comprehensive and authoritative works by Florin (1944a, b), it is generally agreed that the basic unit of a conifer ovulate cone is a modified, ovule-bearing, dwarf shoot that is subtended by a bract. Configurations of the axillary ovuliferous scale are varied throughout the division Coniferophyta, ranging from a radial, leaf- and ovulebearing shoot (e.g., Lebachia piniformis) to a


Acknowledgements Introduction Part I. The Promethean Pragmatist: 1. The ethics of Prometheanism 2. The willfulness of belief 3. The freedom of belief 4. The will to believe 5. The ethics of truth 6. The semantics of 'truth' 7. Ontological relativism: William James meets Poo-bah Part II. The Anti-Promethean Mystic: 8. The self 9. The I-thou quest for intimacy and religious mysticism 10. The humpty-dumpty intuition and panpsychism 11. Attempts at a one-world interpretation of James Appendix: John Dewey's naturalization of William James Bibliography of works cited Index.


We test a recently proposed wall-crossing formula for the change of the Hilbert space of BPS states in d=4,N=2 theories. We study decays of D4D2D0 systems into pairs of D4D2D0 systems and we show how the wall-crossing formula reproduces results of Goettsche and Yoshioka on wall-crossing behavior of the moduli of slope-stable holomorphic bundles over holomorphic surfaces. Our comparison shows very clearly that the moduli space of the D4D2D0 system on a rigid surface in a Calabi-Yau is not the same as the moduli space of torsion free sheaves, even when worldhseet instantons are neglected. Moreover, we argue that the physical formula should make some new mathematical predictions for a future theory of the moduli of stable objects in the derived category.


This paper research on the parking control of the autonomous vehicle with Ackerman Angle. So as to achieve the accurate trajectory tracking control of the autonomous vehicle, on the basis of the Udwadia-Kalaba method, a leaky adaptive robust control is adopted. The dynamic model of the autonomous vehicle is first established. Then adopt the leakage type adaptive robust control to deal with the model, and the effectiveness of the method is proved by theory. Finally, the validity of the control is demonstrated by simulation result of a parallel parking trajectory.


Be ion implantation and annealing conditions were optimized to demonstrate an effective method for selective area p-type doping in InAs. Optimized implantation and annealing conditions were subsequently utilized to produce planar InAs diodes. The Be implanted planar diodes had a superior dynamic resistance-area product and comparable dark current with n-i-p InAs mesa diodes when operated at low temperatures.


Scratch resistance of engineering polymers has become increasingly important for diverse industrial applications as scratches may greatly reduce the life cycle of the components. In this article, a new polymer surface treatment method has been introduced to enhance scratch resistance to a single-pass scratching action. Ball burnishing is a postmachining operation based on plastic deformation commonly used for metals and non-ferrous surfaces. It was demonstrated that ball burnishing is capable of enhancing the scratch hardness and indentation hardness of poly(oxymethylene) surfaces with a good correlation between these two properties. SEM investigations suggest that ball burnishing will alter the mode of scratch damage from severe ductile ploughing and brittle cutting deformation to a mild brittle fracture. A simple model has been proposed that separates the scratching action into two parts, the elastic behavior during indentation and the ploughing behavior during the scratching motion. The dense surface layer induced by the ball burnishing impedes the initial indentation, resulting in less ploughing depth during scratching.


Introduction: Esophageal diverticula are rare. There are controversies over the indication for surgery and the optimal surgical approach in these patients. In this study, we target to evaluate the complications and outcomes of 34 surgery candidates with esophageal diverticula undergoing an open approach. Method: This is a retrospective review of patients with either cervical or thoracic diverticula who underwent surgery by thoracic surgery teams over a 16-year period. The selected surgical approach was postero-lateral thoracotomy for mid-esophageal and epiphrenic diverticula and left side neck incision for cervical esophageal diverticula. Myotomy was performed only in the case of esophageal motility disorders in patients with thoracic diverticula and in all patients with cervical diverticula. The postoperative intermediate-term outcomes were assessed. Results: Of the 34 patients, 9 patients had cervical diverticula, 13 (38%) had mid-esophageal diverticula and 12 (35%) of those had epiphrenic diverticula. All the patients with epiphrenic and mid-esophageal diverticula underwent postero-lateral thoracotomy, and those with cervical esophageal diverticula underwent cervical approach. 21 patients underwent diverticulectomy and myotomy (61%), and 6 patients underwent diverticulectomy alone (17%). There were a total postoperative (4 patients). None of the patients had in-hospital or 30-day mortality. Conclusion: Although in this era, minimally invasive approach is the first choice for diverticulectomy; however, we observed that in our study the mortality and leak rates were as low as those of the previous studies. Hence, open approach could be safe and effective if it is performed by surgeons with high degree of expertise.


Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) represents a highly prevalent condition in menopausal women which impairs quality of life. Unless treated, GSM is chronic and progressive.


Villus and crypt cells isolated from rat jejunal tissue by an improved enzymatic procedure were tested for their ability to respond to hormonal stimulation using several metabolic tracers. Incubation with cyclic AMP, theophylline, isoproterenol, and epinephrine resulted in 20–70% increases in incorporation of D-glucosamine into glycoproteins. The newly formed material was largely (90–95%) recovered from the medium, apparently as a result of active secretion, because tests for cellular leakage and breakage failed to account for it. The above hormones and pharmacological agents as well as glucagon, insulin, and Cortisol, however, failed to modify the rate of incorporation of acetate and glucose into the total cellular lipids of the isolated crypt and villus cells. Likewise, segments of intestinal tissue, although readily responding with increased incorporation of D-glucosamine (50–100%), failed to demonstrate any effect of added hormones on the incorporation of acetate even when lipogenesis was stimulated b...


Twenty patients suffering from severe infections (9 with respiratory tract infection, 9 with urinary tract infection, 2 with pharyngitis, 1 with enteritis and 4 with fever of unknown origin (FUO] were treated by intravenous infusing CTX 2 g over 30 to 40 minutes 2 or 3 times daily for 4 to 10 days. Other antibiotics were concomitantly used in 9 cases. Response to CTX was proved good in 15 cases (75%), fair in 3 cases and poor in 2 cases. No adverse reactions were observed.


Apple is a major horticultural crop and a remunerative source of income for farmers. Instpite of strong inclination of farmers towards apple, its production is dwindling every year. Besides major diseases and insect/pests, climatic and nutritional factors, parasitic plants have also become a serious problem to sustain/increase apple production in the state. Different species of genus Viscum and other parasitic higher plants have been diagnosed as major flowering parasites of apple with an average incidence of 8-12 per cent. Regular training/pruning of the affected trees with use of Chaubattia paste on the pruned branches accompanied by spray of ethaphon (5%) during dormant stage of the tree is a best possible measure to manage this menace.


Pregnancy is a complex but successful biological strategy that ensures survival of mammals. Such a heavy burden is accomplished through a remarkable myriad of functional maternal adaptations involving the whole organism. It is well established that adverse situations during pregnancy, besides compromising maternal health, are associated with long-term effects on the offspring's health. The effects of malnutrition (excess and deficits) during pregnancy are thought to contribute to current world-wide public health problems, encased in the concept of metabolic syndrome such as obesity and hypertension (reviewed in Hanson & Gluckman, 2014). Of late, the potential negative effects of maternal exposure to the disruption of the normal day-night cycle in which we earthlings evolved, as in shift work, is gaining much attention. Epidemiological studies associate shift work with increased risks of chronic disease including diabetes and obesity (Proper et al. 2016). Shift work interferes with normal patterns of sleep-activity, feeding-fasting and light-dark exposure. It has been proposed that the exposure to light at night leads to desynchronization of the multi-tissue molecular circadian clock machinery controlling circadian biological rhythms. Thus, the tidy progression of overt circadian rhythms like temperature, sleep, plasma melatonin/ACTH/corticosteroid secretion, metabolic status and feeding through the 24 h tuned to the environmental daily light-dark cycle is altered, leading to problems ranging from the unpleasant effects of jet lag to the more severe effects already mentioned. Experimental studies in rodents show that simulated shift work increases adiposity and perturbs glucose metabolism. Moreover, there is compelling evidence that manipulation of the photoperiod to which pregnant dams are exposed affects the mother and the fetus and leads to abnormal offspring physiology, including circadian disruption (Varcoe et al. 2013, 2018, Mendez et al. 2016, Salazar et al. 2018). However, caution is advised in extrapolating these important findings to humans and other species. From a teleological point of view, fail-safe mechanisms may be operating in animals such as sheep, humans, elephants, whales, etc. carrying one or two fetuses during a long pregnancy in which many negative events may randomly occur to the mother. Given the fact that women make up a large portion of the workforce, the exploration of the consequences of shift work during pregnancy is imperative. As reported in this issue of The Journal of Physiology, Gatford et al. 2019 undertook this challenge by studying maternal effects of chronic photoperiod shifts during pregnancy in the ewe. Sheep have a long pregnancy (about 20 weeks), are diurnal and carry one or two fetuses. Additionally, the benchmarks of lamb fetal development are similar to the human. The authors developed an experimental protocol of simulated shift work (SSW) imposed on the first third, first and second third and during the entire pregnancy, mimicking exposure to working conditions for pregnant women who may be subjected to shift work (nurses, physicians, flight attendants, police, pilots and even circadian researchers). Results in early pregnancy are important as most women will continue their jobs during early gestation. The study provides very important and novel longitudinal information on aspects of circadian/diurnal maternal physiology in control ewes throughout gestation. Diurnal rhythms of activity, plasma melatonin, glucose and insulin are present at weeks 7, 14 and 19 of pregnancy. Moreover, diurnal rhythmic changes in clock gene expression are present in muscle, an accessible peripheral circadian clock. These in vivo findings outline the presence of a normal circadian system throughout pregnancy under control light-dark conditions in the ewe. The studied rhythms do not change with advancing gestation. Of note, the amplitude of the circadian melatonin rhythm does not increase with advancing gestation as has been reported to occur in rodents and humans. Given that data in the literature is limited, it suggests that this issue should be explored further. The study clearly demonstrated that SSW alters diurnal rhythms of the variables studied. Differences in recovery time to achieve a normal pattern between activity, melatonin and clock gene expression in muscle were noted, suggesting that SSW disrupted internal synchrony between central and other possible peripheral clocks, besides muscle. Additionally, how these disturbances affected maternal metabolic physiology (tested as the response to a glucose challenge test), pregnancy length and newborn weight was also studied. An important and worrisome finding was that SSW during the first third of gestation altered the response to a glucose challenge test in ewes carrying singleton pregnancies and lowered the lambs birth weight. These findings raise concern, as crucial events in fetal development take place in early gestation and most pregnant women work during this stage of gestation. Interestingly, there is capacity for adaptation of maternal metabolic function to SSW as the glucose challenge test normalized at late gestation, despite the altered circadian function. Up to now, the information available in rats, and in sheep, as reported by Gatford et al. 2019 in this issue, points to important effects of chronic phase shifts of the photoperiod on maternal physiology. As mentioned previously, long-term effects in the offspring of rodents have been shown. We will certainly see the follow-up to the present study in sheep, in newborns and beyond.


The model-based library (MBL) matching technique was applied to measurements of photoresist patterns exposed with a leading-edge ArF immersion lithography tool. This technique estimates the dimensions and shape of a target pattern by comparing a measured SEM image profile to a library of simulated line scans. In this study, a double trapezoid model was introduced into MBL library, which was suitable for precise approximation of a photoresist profile. To evaluate variously-shaped patterns, focus-exposure matrix wafers were exposed under three-illuminations. The geometric parameters such as bottom critical dimension (CD), top and bottom sidewall angles were estimated by MBL matching. Lithography simulation results were employed as a reference data in this evaluation. As a result, the trends of the estimated sidewall angles are consistent with the litho-simulation results. MBL bottom CD and threshold method 50% CD are also in a very good agreement. MBL detected wide-SWA variation in a focus series which were determined as in a process window by CD values. The trend of SWA variation, which is potentiality to undergo CD shift at later-etch step, agreed with litho-simulation results. These results suggest that MBL approach can achieve the efficient measurements for process development and control in advanced lithography.


Abstract : From the principle of minimum complementary energy, which is extended to take into account the possible discontinuity in stresses or displacements along the interelement boundaries, the finite element methods by both the assumed stress hybrid model and the equilibrium model can be formulated. This formulation enables the development of a rational method for consistent lumping of body and surface forces and the establishment of a criterion for the kinematical instability of a system. For the hybrid model, there is an optimum choice of the number of stress modes for a given boundary displacement approximation. Example calculations for plate-bending problems are included to substantiate the analytical predictions. Examples are also carried out to illustrate the convenience in taking transverse shear effects into account by the hybrid method.


A ruthenium nanocatalyst is utilized for the first time for the highly efficient and selective hydrogenation of 1,5-cyclooctadiene under atmospheric hydrogen pressure. Under the optimized reaction conditions, the conversion of 1,5-cyclooctadiene and the selectivity for cyclooctene are >99% and 95%, respectively. The turnover frequency is 451 h−1, which is higher than that ever reported for Ru complex catalysts.


The paper presents the results concerning a study on the influence of some biologically stimulators in a comparative crop in some dwarf French bean varieties used for seed production. The research works were carried out during the year 2012. Biological material under trial was represented by two dwarf Romanian varieties having green pods (Fantastica, Delicioasa de Pasarea) and one dwarf Romanian varieties having yellow pods (Margareta). Natural bioactive substances used in the experiments were: Cropmax 0.1% (four treatments on every 10-15 days), Kendal 0.2% (six treatments on every 7-10 days), Viva 0.4% (three treatments on every 15-20 days) and Benefit PZ 0.3% (on every seven days after pod setting). The variants were grown in an experimental field according to the method of subdivided plots with three replications. The observations performed concerning the phenology and morphological traits of the plants (plant pod number, pod length and weight of one thousand seeds) allowed an accurate characterization of the varieties under investigation as well an optimum recommendation for the growth regulators on the French bean crops. The processing of the production data of the seed crop was made according to the variance analysis. The influence of these treatments has been recorded both on the yield obtained and on the quality of the seed production. The results obtained show that the treatment applied with Cropmax and Kendal solution in a concentration of 0.1% and 0.2% increased the seed production by 35% and 30%. The paper presents data from the PhD thesis in the frame POSDRU/107/1.5/S/76888.


WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS'S "LEDA AND THE SWAN," when read in the context of its drafts and foul papers, becomes a poem that embodies the poets concept of tragedy. In his autobiography, Yeats states that "we begin to live when we have conceived life as tragedy," which involves the recognition "that certain thoughts sustain us in defeat, or give us victory, whether over ourselves or others.... Among subjective men (in all those, that is, who must spin a web out of their own bowels) the victory is an intellectual daily re-creation of all that exterior fate snatches away." (1) Significantly, Yeats emphasizes "exterior fate" as an antagonistic force, but one that has the potential to stimulate individual growth through both self-discovery and an active reconstruction of that which fate destroys. The motivation to oppose exterior fate is then a form of interior fate, which Hazard Adams says, "flows outward from within the individual; it is not primarily an outer force pressing down on the hero but something generated out of his human nature and even his own individuality." (2) Yeats asserts a similar concept in A Vision (1925), a text he developed at the same time he worked on "Leda and the Swan." As Terence Brown notes, "Yeats hoped that conflict, the dominant subject of his prophetic book, would be the catalyst of spiritually invigorating change." (3) The poems drafts portray the tragic stories of an animal brutality that all but destroys the divinity of Zeus and that violates Leda, even though she emerges as an individual with agency and an identity independent of her violation. The final form of the poem, read in the context of the drafts, reaffirms the tragic consequences of Leda's rape but also affirms her potential for self-awareness. Richard Finneran's facing-page transcription of the manuscripts for The Tower (1928) reminds us that Yeats often used drafts to explore a variety of thematic possibilities and would change emphasis or even settle on arguments at odds with those expressed his drafts. Nonetheless, the manuscripts of "Leda" reveal a thematic consistency with the final form of the poem, and the publication of the drafts and foul papers presents readers not so much with alternative texts but rather with an additional context in which to read the published versions of the poem. The contexts offered by the drafts suggest that Yeats found himself fascinated by the possibilities inherent in depictions of resistance in the face of brutality. In the manuscripts, he emphasizes resistance and struggle, devoting considerable energy to fleshing out both the divinity of Zeus and the humanity of Leda. In the published versions of the poem, he explores the potential of conflict and struggle to offer spiritual fulfillment, and in its final form the poem takes on a grim and ironic tone regarding suffering and transcendence, even as it supports the dignity of resistance. Yeats's work on the poem that would be titled "Leda and the Swan" began in the summer of 1923. Besieged by a host of troubles (including a political dispute with Lady Gregory, his sister's and Gregory's health problems, and the financial crisis at the Cuala Press), Yeats decided to focus on his poetry, retreating to Ballylee. As R. F. Foster notes, "the most noteworthy product of that late summer and autumn was a short and forceful poem, which would achieve a unique notoriety among his work." (4) Yeats completed the earliest extant draft of "Annunciation," as "Leda" was then titled, in September 1923. (5) These early drafts largely focus on the divine Zeus's struggle with his animal form, representing the brute animal's displacement of the divine identity of Zeus. They stress the dichotomy between the divine and the classical and create a parallel between Zeus's divinity and Leda. In 1924, Yeats published an early version of the poem in three venues: it appeared first in the June issue of The Dial, together with "The Gift of Harun Al-Rashid." Later that summer, it would appear in the Cuala Press's edition of The Cat and the Moon and in To-Morrow. …


A variety of phenolic compounds are naturally available, and contain one or more phenolic rings with or without substituents such as hydroxyl or methoxy groups. The term phytophenol, or phytochemical, is also used due to the widespread distribution of these chemicals throughout the plant kingdom (Huang et al., 2007). Phytophenols are secondary metabolites of plants, which are primarily used in defense against ultraviolet radiation and pathogens (Beckman, 2000). These chemicals also participate in the formation of macromolecular structures in plant cell walls, and are naturally present in the form of monophenols or polyphenols with ester linkages. The presence of phenolic ester linkages limits the hydrolytic activity of enzymes such as xylanases, cellulases, and pectinases, by shielding the site of hydrolysis on plant cell walls from these enzymes. Hydrolyzing the ester linkages within the phytophenols releases the phenolic acids and relaxes the structure of the plant cell wall, aiding in the degradation and maximizing the nutritional value of dietary fiber. Phenolic acids such as ferulic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and rosmarinic acid are studied extensively due to their anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and other health related properties which have been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo (Srinivasan et al., 2007). Even though phenolic acids can be easily found in dietary fiber, the ester linkages prevent their absorption in the human intestine. It has been demonstrated that only small monophenolic acids, but not esterified phenolic acids, can be absorbed efficiently by the monocarboxylic acid transporter (Konishi et al., 2005). Thus, an enzymatic step is required to convert the esterified phenolic acids into monophenolic acids prior to absorption. In the presence of water, a specific type of enzyme, feruloyl esterases (FAEs), is able to hydrolyze the phenolic compounds into respective alcohols and phenolic acids. Thus, FAEs become one of the target fields of study to improve the bioavailiability and assimilation of phenolic acids in the human diet.


A study of spatial structure of 137 Cs contamination field was performed 1,8 km north to set. St. Vyshkov, Bryansk oblast in pine forest on the Iput river terrace with sandy podzolic soils and pronounced relief. 137 Cs was used as a tracer of atmospheric pollutant migration to test the hypothesis of a regular character of the secondary 137 Cs redistribution in natural landscapes and its dependence on landscape structure. In 2005–2007 95% to 98% of the total 137 Cs activity was still preserved in the upper 15–20-cm soil layer. Field gamma–spectrometry performed in nested grids (5 m for the whole area; 1 m for 5 × 5 m plot; 0,2 m for 1 × 1 m plot) revealed a system of 137 Cs polycentric anomalies at different scales. Detailed cross-sections along and cross the slopes with the step of 0,5 m and 1 m showed specific wave-like variation of surface activity often inversely related to micro-relief that is believed to result from 137 Cs involvement in water and snow-melting mass migration after the aerial fallout. In mosses 137 Cs also showed regular spatial distribution related to that in topsoil. The study proved that technogenic radionuclides formed a definite spatial polycentric structure in natural landscapes that should be accounted of in sampling strategy and in estimates of spatial variation.


There exist many factors influencing the productivity in gravel packed and sand controlled wells, its correlation is complex, a precision and practical model for prediction is hard to be established by using conventional theory. Thus the major factors influencing its productivity are analyzed, the method of support vector machine is introduced and it is combined with the method of natural productivity ratio and a productivity prediction model is established for the sand controlled wells. Through learning the finite empirical data, the model can be used to derive the nonlinear correlation between the productivity index and its influencing factors both before and after sand control. Therefore the models of support vector machine and BP neural network are respectively used for predicting the productivity in the gravel packed and sand controlled wells. The result of comparison shows that the model of support vector machine has higher prediction precision, it has a special advantage in small sample pattern recognition.


Memory effect of power amplifier (PA) due to broadband signals which adopt new modulation technique is becoming obvious, and worsening the linearity of PA. Behavioral modeling for RF (Radio Frequency) power amplifier is indispensable to design digital pre-distortion system by which we can promote the efficiency of PA. According to the simulation data in the software of ADS (Advanced Design System), behavioral models of MRF21085 amplifier can be established by MATLAB. Comparison of memory polynomial model and ADS simulation of MRF21085 amplifier demonstrate memory polynomial model can represent the electric characteristic of it exactly.


This paper proposes a detailed step-by-step design procedure and control of an LCL filter for grid connected three phase sine PWM voltage source inverter. The goal of the design is to ensure high quality of grid current as well as to minimize the size of filter magnetics. In order to ensure unity power factor injection into grid a current controller is designed with a constraint that only the inverter side inductor current is sensed. Good agreement between simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the designed controller and the LCL filter.


This paper describes latexes used to modify hydraulic cement mixes. It includes definitions and brief descriptions of the history, chemistry, types, and production of latexes, together with an explanation of how latex modifies hydraulic cement, and discusses the problems and advantages associated with such systems.


There is growing recognition of the importance of learners gaining transversal or 21st-century attributes in order to thrive in the contemporary world. This poses a number of challenges for educators. First, to what extent are transversal attributes innate, or do they include a combination of traits and skills? Second, what can teachers do to help nurture these attributes in learners? Third, how can the existence or strengthening of attributes be recognised? In this paper, we draw on work that we are doing for the International Baccalaureate Organisation to define conceptual frameworks for creativity and curiosity. Our goal is to enable learners to evidence achievement in each of these attributes, and for teachers to be able to recognise it. The frameworks draw on extensive scholarly literature to define the core components of both curiosity and creativity and the skills that are inherent in each one. This is the first step towards the development of a 'transversal résumé' that will allow learner achievement to be recorded. This includes a focus on the extent to which schools and teachers can provide learners with opportunities to gain, practice or enhance the skills that contribute to transversal attributes and a scaffold that enables learners to reflect on the extent to which they have evidenced creativity or curiosity in sustained pieces of work. The paper raises some key questions that have arisen as we have grappled with both conceptual and practical issues in this project. These provide valuable insights into the nurturing of transversal attributes, and the implications for educational professionals.


The article presents basic characteristics of a medium-term programme concerning development of motorways in Croatia as part of the European agreement on main international roads. It discusses concessions as such and experiences gained in motorway construction in Belgium, Italy and France.


A PIVC includes a catheter adapter having a catheter (211) that extends distally from the catheter adapter (218), and an introducer needle (225) that inserts through the catheter. The introducer needle has a grip component at a proximal end of the introducer needle. The grip component extends outwardly and distally to form a winged grip (222) adjacent the catheter adapter when the introducer needle is inserted within the catheter. The grip component can be rotatable within the catheter adapter to allow repositioning of the winged grip with respect to the catheter adapter.


Objective To explore the safety management of oral medicines by performing premium nursing care and carrying out holistic nursing,and to evaluate its efficacy.Methods The premium nursing care and holistic nursing were carried out in this hospital.The whole workflow system and flattening management of the patients were applied and the safety management of the oral medicine was strengthened in the inpatients.The occurrence of unsafe events of the oral medicine during the period from January,2009 to October 2009 before carrying out holistic nursing was compared with the period from November,2010 to August,2011 after carrying out holistic nursing.Results After carrying out the holistic nursing model,the occurrence of unsafe events of the oral medicine went down from 1.00% to 0.16%.Conclusions Carrying out premium nursing care and holistic nursing model can significantly reduce the risks of the oral medicine for the inpatients.Furthermore,it can help to lower the practicing risk of the nursing.


The progression of symptoms during an acute manic episode was studied retrospectively in 20 bipolar manic-depressive patients whose diagnosis was reconfirmed at follow-up. Three stages were delineated, the most severe of which was manifested by bizarre behavior, hallucinations, paranoia, and extreme dysphoria. Despite symptoms that might have otherwise prompted a diagnosis of schizophrenia, patients appeared clearly manic both earlier in the course and later as the episode was resolving. The level of functioning was ascertained at follow-up and compared statistically with the level of psychotic disorganization during the acute manic episode; no relationship was found. The advantages of using a longitudinal view of a psychotic episode as a diagnostic tool is discussed.