Objective To examine the effects of different types of anti hypertensive treatment on endothelium-dependent relaxation in resistance arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Design and methods Three-week-old SHRs were treated with the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor perindopril (1 mg/kg/day) or quinapril (3 mg/kg/day) or the vasodilator hydralazine (50 mg/kg/day) or the calcium antagonist amlodipine (10mg/kg/day). Control SHRs and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were treated with water. After 21 weeks rats were culled and mesenteric resistance arteries were mounted in a myograph. Relaxation responses to the endothelium-dependent vasodilators acetylcholine (ACh) and bradykinin were recorded before and after incubation with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor A/G-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG), as was the relaxation response to the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Results All drugs prevented the rise in blood pressure found in the untreated SHRs. ACh-induced relaxation was significantly impaired in the untreated SHRs compared with the WKY rats. Treatment with either ACE inhibitor prevented the development of this impaired response. ACE inhibitor treatment significantly increased the relaxation response to bradykinin. Despite lowering blood pressure, hydralazine or amlodipine had no effect on ACh- or bradykinin-induced relaxation. Responses to SNP were not different between untreated SHRs and WKY rats and were not affected by drug treatment. Conclusion Specific properties of certain antihypertensive drugs may play an important role in restoring endothelium-dependent relaxation in the small arteries that regulate peripheral resistance in the SHR.


Effects of NH4-N on the potential methane production of agricultural waste and characteristics of digester residues were investigated. A modified Gompertz equation was used to simulate the biogas and methane production process.Experimental results showed that the production of biogas was not affected obviously by variation of NH4Cl concentration from 1 to 10 g/L,however,a significant influence on the methane production,removal efficiency of volatile solid(VS)component and digested residues composition was found. The accumulated methane production reached 1 039 mL with an addition of 5 g/L exogenous NH4Cl(initial C/N 15∶1),whereas the lowest accumulated methane production was only 833mL,with an addition of 10 g/L exogenous NH4Cl. Moreover,the modified Gompertz equation can fit anaerobic production process of total gas and methane in each reactor well. The methane production and VS degradation efficiency were inhibited when the exogenous NH4Cl was 10 g/L. Exogenous NH4Cl affected significantly the hemicelluloses and lignin contents in the digested residue rather than the cellulose.


As the number of UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) and the market size have been expanding rapidly in recent years, projects such as NextGen and SESAR aim to include UAVs in air traffic. Therefore, different perspectives on understanding flight patterns can contribute to more effective management of future air traffic. Analysis of flight data offers an important insight into the operations of a UAV. In this study, it is aimed to extract a flight fingerprint using different machine learning techniques by means of a public dataset and the data obtained from our experimental flights. To get the individual flight pattern, multidimensional UAV sensor data has been reduced using manifold learning methods. By comparison, the most proper manifold method that allows highest classification accuracy (CA) has been investigated. Their performances are compared using both different manifold types and different classification methods. Then, the obtained manifold is used as flight fingerprints and validated by classification techniques. Various unsupervised manifold learning techniques such as t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE), Locally Linear Embedding (LLE), Isometric Feature Mapping (ISOMAP) were tried for dimension reduction. For flight fingerprint classification, supervised machine learning techniques such as k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN), Adaboost, Neural Network, Bayes, etc., were tested. It has been observed that the highest classification accuracy is achieved with the t-SNE manifold and k-NN classification pair. The extracted fingerprint can find many application areas such as performance tests in production lines, air traffic control, risk analysis, anomaly detection, observing pilot performance, drone efficiency over time.


This article presents a pedagogical approach for teaching modern-day students how to improvise in eighteenth- century style based on Gjerdingen's schemata and the tradition of partimenti. We present results from a pedagogical experiment conducted at the Eastman School of Music, in which students' improvisations were recorded. We offer a qualitative assessment of selected student improvisations in order to demonstrate the merits of this approach for teaching music theory and historical improvisation. We also address the challenges associated with implementing such a pedagogical approach in modern-day theory curricula. We conclude by reflecting on sonata-form improvisations by the authors and discuss the theoretical implications of attempting to construct complete movements based on Gjerdingen's schemata and formal considerations.


Seed size at planting is the dominant factor affecting hard clam survival to marketable size when field grow-out techniques are used. The use of plastic mesh nets, crab traps, and wire mesh bags (filled with oyster shells) alone or in combination can be used to increase survival of hard clams of ~ 6 to 8-mm shell height. These techniques do not provide sufficient protection for 2-mm seed. The combination of net + crab trap + shell bag was nearly twice as effective as the net alone when 10 to 14-mm seed was used and over five times as effective as the net alone when 6 to 8-mm seed were planted. Survival in excess of 50% slows the growth rate and yields higher percentages of submarketable, < 25-mm thick (New York legal limit) clams. Local markets and dealers would accept all clams >22 mm.


This writing is trying to understand the character- based teaching and learning in the state of Islamic School Pamekasan. The researcher used qualitative approach in this research, where non-participant observation, interview and documentation as the instrument to collect the data. Data analysis used were data reduction, data display and drawing conclusion.  The research result  showed that the patterns used in the character- based teaching and learning in the State Islamic School Pamekasan are in the form of: 1) uncovering the meaning from several theories, 2) relating the theory analysis with values in life (reflective approach), 3) revealing the siginificance of knowledge, 4) explaining values containing in the knowledge, 5) inserting suggestion for students about self control and keeping away from what is being banned in Islam and social norms, 6) giving some warnings when the students break the rule of ethics, 7) giving punishment to students for breaking the rule.


In this paper, we propose the method for expressing emotion for the emotional robot through the affective stimuli such as 'hit,' 'stoke,' 'tickle,' 'poke,' 'embrace,' etc. We developed the experiment platform, KOBIE, for experiment the emotion expression system. The KOBIE is the emotional robot which is made for an interaction between a human being and a robot through the affective interaction. Our system can be used in developing the cyber character (Avatar) having an emotion or developing the apparatus having an emotion in the ubiquitous environment.


Most of the work in hand gesture recognition (HGR) focuses on developing diverse classification algorithms based on micro-Doppler (mD) spectrogram, that is 1-D motion along the radial direction. In this work, we exert effort on the radar system and preprocessing methods to extract 2-D motions for HGR. Specifically, we utilize an interferometric radar with two widely spaced receivers to obtain both radial and transversal micromotion features of hand gestures. In the preprocessing stage, as pre-interferometry is nonlinear multiplication in time domain, both the increased noise level and unwanted cross-terms may reduce its usefulness for HGR. To solve these problems, we propose a post-interferometric preprocessing method in frequency domain, which is capable of reducing noise level of the obtained spectrogram and suppressing the nuisance cross-terms. We measure four pairs of symmetric hand gestures from three persons and compare the HGR accuracy using different preprocessing methods. Experimental results show that the mD processing combined with post-interferometry give the highest HGR accuracy of over 99%.


Method for determining a control side relevant touch point of a friction clutch of a motor vehicle, in which a current touch point of the friction clutch is determined adaptively, and wherein the current touch point is calculated as a dependent on the elasticity of the friction correction value, to determine the control side relevant touch point of the friction clutch. The control device comprises means for performing the method.


Objective
Assessment of the clinical application of pulmonary rehabilitation in China.

Methods
Using questionnaires link on WeChat group and Breathing BBS.

Results
314 of 327 were valid questionnaires.The perfect rate of pulmonary rehabilitation in large (provincial or municipal) hospitals and small (county )hospitals were 13.78% (35/254) and 2.00% (1/50), the rate of carried out but imperfect were 57.87%(147/254)and 42.00%(21/50), ready to carry out pulmonary rehabilitation respectively were 20.87% (53/254) and 26.00% (13/50), no pulmonary rehabilitation′ rate were 7.48% (19/254) and 30.00% (15/50), (χ2=26.16, P=0.000). The department of pulmonary rehabilitation in large hospitals and small hospitals respectively were respiratory medicine (79.53% and 72.00%), rehabilitation (38.58% and 20.00%), intensive-care unit (12.20% and 6.00%), outpatient (13.78% and 6.00%), other departments, such as neurology, build community (11.42% and 18.00%). The rate of prescription of pulmonary rehabilitation: respiratory muscle training were up to 91.08%, respiratory management were 81.53%, motor recovery rehabilitation were 80.57%, and the psychological rehabilitation were 66.88%.

Conclusions
Both large hospitals and small (county )hospitals have paid more attention to the pulmonary rehabilitation, but the perfect rate of them were low.The clinical application of pulmonary rehabilitation in China were imbalance in various departments.It is imperative to develop domestic pulmonary rehabilitation.

Key words:
Pulmonary rehabilitation; Questionnaire survey; China


The continuous expansion of urban areas in China has increased cohesion and synergy among cities. As a result, the land price in an urban area is not only affected by the city's own factors, but also by its interaction with nearby cities. Understanding the characteristics, types, and patterns of urban interaction is of critical importance in regulating the land market and promoting coordinated regional development. In this study, we integrated a gravity model with an improved Voronoi diagram model to investigate the gravitational characteristics, types of action, gravitational patterns, and problems of land market development in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration region based on social, economic, transportation, and comprehensive land-price data from 2017. The results showed that the gravitational value of land prices for Beijing, Tianjin, Langfang, and Tangshan cities (11.24–63.35) is significantly higher than that for other cities (0–6.09). The gravitational structures are closely connected for cities around Beijing and Tianjin, but loosely connected for peripheral cities. Further, various types of radiation, conduction, and convection actions exist in relation to urban land prices. In terms of gravitational patterns, the range of influence of land prices is not limited to the administrative boundaries of each city. Five clusters of urban land prices can be identified based on the gravitational structure. The land-price gravity value of the city cluster around Beijing accounted for 66.4% of the total. The polarizing effect of land-price levels and influence is clearly evident in Beijing and Tianjin, while a lock-in effect is evident in Xingtai and Handan in the south of the region.


In this paper N-person nonzero-sum games are considered. The dynamics is described by Ito stochastic diierential equations. The cost-functions are conditional expectations of functionals of Bolza type with respect to the initial situation. The notion of Z-equilibrium is introduced in many-player stochastic differential games. Some properties of Z-equilibria are analyzed. Suucient conditions are established guaranteeing the Z-equilibrium for the strategies of the players. In a particular case of a linear-quadratic game the Z-equilibrium strategies are found in an explicit form.


In the current investigation, made endeavours to audit on a pharmacological movement of Mimosa pudica (Linn.) having a grade with family mimisace. Mimosa pudica (Linn.) is a swarming yearly or enduring herb. It has been documented as lajjalu in Ayurveda. It is called the delicate Plant, humble Plant, disgrace plant, resting grass, contactmenot, namaskari in Sanskrit, chuimui, lajwanti, snoozing grass, unstable Plant, humble Plant, hesitant Plant, get in touch with me not, and various names. The whole Plant of Mimosa pudica (Linn.) is beneficial for different pharmacological and natural exercises. For the most part, roots and leaves of Mimosa pudica (Linn.) are demonstrated the most excellent pharmacological action as hostile to the diabetic, counteragent, antihepatotoxic, cancer prevention agent, and wound recuperating movement, diuretic, anticancer, anticonvulsant. The herb has been used traditionally for ages to treat urogenital disorders, piles, dysentery, sinus, and applied on wounds. This work explores and compiles the different pharmacognostic and pharmacological aspects of the action plant M. pudica reported to date.


Small-angle X-ray scattering is used to unpack the hidden structure of a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) biogel. We present insights regarding how the degree of functionalisation, crosslinked polymer conformation, nanoscale mesh size and macroscale mechanical properties are interlinked.


This paper reports on the optimization of a 36 V complimentary bipolar design by using a new depletion mode field-effect architecture for the collector of the bipolar that greatly expands the boundary of the familiar tradeoffs. This achieves an n-p-n with a measured |β at 1 V x Va at 18 V| = |270 x 1100 V|, a JfT at 1 V = 28.7 μAμm-2, and |fT at 1 V x BV| = |2.6 GHz x 58 V|, with a p-n-p having a |β at 1 V x Va at 18 V| = |250 x 800 V|, a JfT at 1 V = 27.0 μ Aμm-2, and |fT at 1 V x BV| = |1.9 GHz x 69 V|. While these performance enhancements appear to offer a lot with little expense, they do serve to reveal an additional tradeoff between β x Va x fT x BV x JfT and Linearity. This is where the curvature of the forward output characteristic curves quantified by the extrapolated Early voltage significantly changes over the voltage range |0-10 V|. Through the use of measured silicon results with calibrated TCAD simulations, the physics behind this depletion mode collector design is explained, and using this understanding, it ultimately shows how it is possible to limit the range of the associated nonlinear performance for low collector biases. Then, keeping linearity as a key performance target together with the field-effect architecture, the 36 V bipolar is rebalanced to achieve ann-p-nwitha|β at 1 V x Va at 18 V x fT at 1 V x JfT at 1 V x BV x Linearity| = |270 x 220 V x 2.6 GHz x 28.7 μAμm-2 x 47 V x (0.2-30 V) Linearity|, and a p-n-p with a |β at 1 V x Va at 18 V x fT at 1 V x JfT at 1 V x BV x Linearity| = |185 x 180 V x 1.8 GHz x 27 μAμm-2 x 45 V x (0.2-30 V) Linearity|.


yo and Jt represent the Bessel functions of the first kind and of the zero and first order, respectively. G and Gx represent functions which are combinations of the Bessel functions of the first and second kinds, and have the property that the functions approach zero when the arguments become very large. The values of GQ(ix) and Gx{ix) in terms of the Bessel functions of the first and second kinds are given by the following equations: *


As a result we felt that the immunization of Rh-negative women by pregnancy should be preventable in most cases if the usual antigenic stimulus was transplacental haemorrhage (TPH) and if the relevant TPH usually took place at or near delivery. We therefore investigated these points by examining, for feetal cells, the blood of Rh-negative primipare after delivery and testing their serum for antibodies three and six months later (Woodrow et al. 1965). We found that there is a significant relationship between the detection of feetal cells and subsequent anti-D production, and the greater the number of foetal cells found, the greater is the likelihood of immunization. Even so, we think that the majority of Rh immunizations by pregnancy are due to TPH of


This paper reports our work on a series of alicyclic polymer-based photoresist platforms designed for 193 nm lithography. The polymers described here were prepared from derivatives of norbornene and appropriate co-monomers by free radical polymerization. A variety of techniques were explored as a means of enhancing the lithographic, optical, dissolution, and mechanical properties of photoresists formulated from these alicyclic polymers. Recent studies designed to improve the lithographic performance of photoresists formulated with these materials are described. The process lattitude, delay stability and the utility of the resist for pattern transfer of lithographic images into polysilicon were also studied.


An elegant labeling on the graph G with n vertex and m edge is a one-to-one mapping (injection function) of the vertex set V (G) to the set of non negative integers {0, 1, 2, 3, . . . ,m} such that each edge gets the label of the sum from the adjacent vertex label in modulo number (m+1) all different and nonzero, that is: g(e) = g(uv) = [g(u)+g(v)] mod (m+1) and g(e) 6= 0, where u and v are adjacent vertices. In this research, we investigate the elegant labelling of selected graph from some families of tree. A tree graph is a graph that does not contain a circle. The selected some families of tree are generalized of star and amalgamation of star. The results of this research have shown that some families of tree graph are elegant.


Let $\rho$ be an algebraic action of the additive group $\mathbb{C}^+$ on the three-dimensional affine space $\mathbb{C}^3$. We describe the group $\textrm{Cent}(\rho)$ of polynomial automorphisms of $\mathbb{C}^3$ that commute with $\rho$. A particular emphasis lies in the description of the automorphisms in $\textrm{Cent}(\rho)$ coming from algebraic $\mathbb{C}^+$-actions. As an application we prove that the automorphisms in $\textrm{Cent}(\rho)$ that are the identity on the algebraic quotient of $\rho$ form a characteristic subgroup of $\textrm{Cent}(\rho)$.


Since it is Anders Nygren who has suggested the comparison between his contexts of meaning and Ludwig Wittgenstein's language games, it is his discussion of the relationship that is examined in this paper. Wittgenstein has come to his understanding of language games, according to Nygren, in the process of an extended analysis of the problem of meaning. Nygren is convinced that in order to understand Wittgenstein one must have some understanding of the work of Gottlob Frege, especially his distinction between Sinn (sense) and Bedeutung (reference), and his insistence upon the importance of context for meaning. More immediately related to Wittgenstein is Bertrand Russell, whom Nygren strongly criticizes for his logical atomism, which Wittgenstein had to overcome in order to develop his theory of language games. This paper will be divided into two parts. In the first part there is an introduction to the problem of the paper and a discussion of Frege and Russell. In the second part differences and similarities between Nygren's contexts of meaning and Wittgenstein's language games are noted and some suggestions are given as to what further analysis of what is implied by the recognition of such contexts might reveal.


This article discusses the selection of Instagram as a promotional medium in introducing the Creative Media State Polytechnic Publishing study program and publishing works. Information such as photos or videos of work products, pictures of learning activities, and other activities added to the Instagram account. This information can be seen by followers and can get a response or input directly. The study used qualitative research methods with a descriptive approach. The theory used is New Media and Internet theory, Social Media theory, and Marketing Communication theory. The study results explain that the use of Instagram significantly facilitates the spread of messages quickly and reaches more people. The content on the Instagram account @prodi.penerbitan.polimedia follows the institution's image but still has to be packaged in an attractive style and design and has new value.


Lexical classications have proved useful in supporting various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. The largest verb classication for English is Levin's (1993) work which dened groupings of verbs based on syntactic properties. VerbNet (Kipper et al., 2000; Kipper-Schuler, 2005) n the largest computational verb lexicon currently available for En- glish n provides detailed syntactic-semantic descriptions of Levin classes. While the classes included are extensive enough for some NLP use, they are not comprehensive. Korhonen and Briscoe (2004) have proposed a signicant extension of Levin's classication which incor- porates 57 novel classes for verbs not covered (comprehensively) by Levin. Korhonen and Ryant (2005) have recently supplemented this with another extension including 53 additional classes. This article describes the integration of these two extensions into VerbNet. The result is a comprehensive Levin-style classication for English verbs providing over 90% token coverage of the Proposition Bank data (Palmer et al., 2005) and thus can be highly useful for practical applications.


Nowadays, one of principal directions to increase energy performance of both existing buildings and those under construction is application of thermal efficient enclosing structures. Therefore, hollow multislot ceramics is very promising material to be applied in exterior walls due to predicted properties thereof and operational reliability. The results of stress analysis and strain behavior of load-bearing wall structures are presented here in, and simulation and strength properties calculation of hollow ceramic blocks are made through SCAD software thereby making geometry parameters for the fracture models. Behavior of Bashkortostan-made hollow ceramic blocks under pressure is found under experimental research of masonries, with the expected fracture process being proposed. Modern software systems are demonstrated to be likely applied for analysis of stress and strain behavior of masonry constructions made of both traditional wall materials and hollow ceramic blocks. Comparative analysis of calculation results is made using PC and "manually", with residential high-rise buildings and walls of different thickness taken as an example. Application of hollow wall items in load-bearing exterior and interior walls was confirmed both for high-rise and low-rise construction.


The title of this paper is misleading, in that it gives the idea that healing in the intestine is to be fully considered. I shall discuss the question of stricture following anastomosis, and especially end-to-end anastomosis. The other points in the healing process will be treated very cursorily. The position which the paper advocates is that the danger from secondary stricture due to development of scar tissue in the submucosa and muscular tunics is very slight. This should be removed from the list of objections to operative procedures. I have been led to this opinion by two sets of observations. I have been confirmed in it by a tone that I find in the literature—illy defined, but present. The first observation is this: For ten years the profession has been doing anastomosis with great frequency. There has been time enough for the literature to teem with reports of secondary stricture.


Investing in research and development (R&D) activities greatly impact the assessment of the company's finances and performance, which is why the issue of the accounting treatment of these costs is so important. The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between investment in R&D activities and the profitability of pharmaceutical companies, i


It was Elie Halevy's view that the term "radical" was first used adjectivally in a political sense in the year 1797, possibly 1798, and that between 1810 and 1819 it came increasingly to be prefixed to the substantive "reformer" to refer, in the main, to the supporters of annual parliaments and universal suffrage.' Jeremy Bentham is a central figure in Halevy's account of this transitional phase in the usage of the term and the form of politics it signified, but a complete account of the "radical" nature of Bentham's thought would have to begin far earlier, starting when he first developed the philosophical principles of his system in the 1770s.2 It would also include aspects of his work on ethics, legal and penal reform, political economy, poor law reform, education, and religious institutions, which cannot be adequately treated in this essay. Naturally, Bentham's views on political institutions cannot be omitted. Yet it is here that we encounter a fundamental problem of


The possibility of an $nn\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ bound state is investigated in the framework of pionless effective field theory at leading order. A system of coupled integral equations are constructed in the spin-isospin basis, of which numerical solutions are investigated. In particular, we make use of the limit cycle behavior, i.e., cyclic singularities of coupled integral equations of the system, which would be associated with the formation of a three-body bound state, the so-called Efimov state, in the unitary limit. Furthermore, we find that, when the sharp momentum cutoff introduced in the integral equations is taken to be significantly larger than the hard scale of the effective theory, the coupling of a three-body contact interaction becomes cyclically singular indicating the onset of an Efimov-like bound state formation. However, the paucity of empirical information to determine the parameters of the theory precludes a definitive conclusion on the existence of such a bound state. As a simple test of the feasibility of the $nn\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ bound system in nature, we explore the cutoff dependence of the theory, and uncertainties of the present study are discussed as well.


Abstract : The nearly instantaneous global pattern of the auroral electron precipitation is determined for quiet periods using auroral images from the spacecraft Dynamics Explorer The use of global scale images to determine these patterns provides improved temporal and two dimensional spatial resolution not possible with highly localized and less frequent in situ particle measurements made with low altitude, polar orbiting spacecraft. The analysis is of far ultraviolet images at wavelengths 120-160 nm obtained during periods when the magnetic index AE is less than 100 nT and decreasing with time. The orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field is also considered in this analysis. Analysis of the patterns for magnetically quiet intervals is a necessary first step in determining the global precipitation pattern for the growth, expansion, and recovery phases of auroral substorms. These nearly instantaneous patterns will provide improved estimates of the energy input on a global scale for investigations of thermospheric storms and related aeronomic phenomena by other researchers.


Using processes derived from paper technology, organic fibers, fillers, and additives can be mixed with metal powder to produce a flat product. In a subsequent heat treatment, the organic components are removed, leaving a purely porous metallic material, the so-called sinter paper. This approach is used for the development of an innovative Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) for mobile fuel cells. GDLs are arranged between the bipolar plate and the electrode in fuel cell stacks. They ensure optimal gas distribution as well as the removal of water, heat, and electricity. Metallic sinter paper that meets the materials specification of stainless steel 316L could be made. The thickness of the paper was reduced to 200 µm, and the porosity of the base material reaches values around 60 %. Morphological characterization was carried out based on high-resolution µCT scans and their analysis via the software package GeoDict.


Summary Capillary density, fiber size and composition, were quantitated by histo-chemical methods in the tibialis anterior, soleus and gastrocnemius (medial head) of rats of different body weights. The capillary density was different in these muscles and it decreased with increasing body weight in a linear fashion due to a concomitant increase in the average cross sectional area of the fibers. This observation suggests that part of the variability in capillary density found in the literature is due to differences in body size. A change in muscle fiber composition with maturation was also observed. These were more marked in the tibialis anterior and in the soleus than in the gastrocnemius. The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Ms. Sheila H. Eby.


A non-occluded baculovirus was observed and purified from the hepatopancreas of juve-niles of Penaeus chinensis with white spots on the carapace. The nucleic acid of the baculovirus was demonstrated as DNA. The enveloped virion is a stocky rod-shaped particle and has a tail, which is an envelope extension. The nucleocapsid is a helical cylinder formed by two cap structures at both ends and 13 helical bands in the middle. One helical band is made up of 11 capsomeres formed by 3-row-parallel protein subunits. An ultrastructure model of nucleocapsid has been proposed. Viral morphogenesis begins in the nuclei and its process is composed of four stages: the formation of viral stroma, the formation of membrane, the assembly of viruses, and the formation of complete virions. Sometimes two or three nucleocapsids use one membrane to assemble during the viral assembly. This may result to: one membrane fragment envelops respectively each nucleocapsid so that two complete virions are formed each of which is one nucleocapsid in one envelope; or virions are formed, which are two or three nucleocapsids in one envelope.


The key aspects and features of the United Nations climate change negotiations (the 15th Conference of the Parties or COP 15) held in early December, 2009 are discussed. Several observations and recommendations made at COP 15 are highlighted.


This article discusses the development o f rustic craps nowadays. Rustic craft in this article means a work o f craft that is "made'' o f natural materials, such as roots, and ru ral-folk-crafts, fo r example, "lesutig" and "luku " (plough). These kinds o f crafts are becoming popular among the middle-to-high class communities in the cities. The crafts function ils a signifier in gaining social status which differentiate c, certain class with other classes, and also fulfil their needs o f a different life style and their aesthetkal value. Such a condition increases a valorization o f rustic craft in economical and symbolic sense, but, at the same time, creates an ironic condition especially in the context o f sccio-cultural shifting in a rural area. The villagers, especially the farmers, are withdrawn from their socio cultural base since they become unfamiliar with their fvlk-funitiunul-crufts. Key ivords: life style, craft, rustic craft, discourse, valorization.


An experimental study is presented of the scattering of Lamb waves at the end section of an elastic plane plate immersed in water. For antisymmetric modes as well as for symmetric ones, the amplitude of the radiated bulk wave in the water is recorded versus the angle of observation. In order to explain these patterns, a model is proposed that deals with the Lamb wave displacements inside the plate. The agreement between the theoretical and the experimental diagrams is quite good. The radiation pattern obtained for parameters corresponding to the crossing of two Lamb dispersion curves is also investigated.


This study is being done to investigate holding periods, illiquidity and disposition effect in Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) and Nepal Stock Exchange (NSE). Data from KSE and NSE was collected for a sampling period from 2007-2010. The data helped us to calculate the daily returns, holding periods, illiquidity and volatility. Annual holding periods and pride seeking and risk avoiding behavior i.e. disposition effect were calculated by regressing the variables using the models which were used by Visaltanachoti et. al (2007). The results show disposition in KSE, holding periods are positively related with illiquidity. For illiquid stocks, holding periods are longer and for less illiquid stocks these are lesser. Holding periods were found negatively associated with stock returns. But on NSE, disposition effect is absent because holding periods were negatively related with illiquidity and positively associated with returns. The study is significant as it compares the disposition effect across two emerging economies. Keywords : Disposition effect, illiquidity, holding periods, volatility, KSE, NSE.


Distortion measurements in mm-wave systems are becoming increasingly important and sometimes in the context of more complete digitally modulated structures. As at lower frequencies, multisine and complex envelope techniques can yield useful insight but now with wider instantaneous bandwidths and hence a wider range of time constants that can be studied. Side-effects can include more complicated calibrations (particularly for match-related effects) and synchronization requirements but these can be mitigated with an appropriate receiver structure. Using a W-Band upconverting system as a test bed, multisine intermodulation and multilevel pulsed envelope measurements covering ns-μs time ranges are examined in the sense of setup and calibration requirements, dominant uncertainty sources and possible DUT observations.


To analyze the stress of the guiding positioning board and the effectiveness of the guiding positioning device,according to guiding positioning device's operational principle and structure,the guiding positioning board's motion regular was analyzed by diagrammatical method based on 2 postulated conditions.Considering about the working conditions' change,simulations in 5 different kinds of working conditions were done to check the correctness of the motion regulars obtained by diagrammatical method.Simulation results prove that the motion regulars are right,the postulated conditions have no effect on the obtained motion regulars.According to the simulation results,the motion processs's characters were drawn out at the same time.


Experimental solubilities are reported at 25.0°C for acenaphthene dissolved in 36 different organic nonelectrolyte solvents containing ether-, carbonyl-, hydroxy-, ester, methyl-, and tert-butyl functional groups. Results of these measurements are used to test the applications and limitations of expressions derived from Mobile Order theory. For the 29 solvents for which predictions could be made computations show that Mobile Order theory does provide fairly reasonable estimates of the saturation mole fraction solubilities. Average absolute deviation between predicted and observed values is 37.8%. In comparison, the average absolute deviation is 1080% when ideal solution behavior is assumed.Key words: acenaphthene solubilities, organic nonelectrolyte solvents, solubility predictions.


The paper describes the structure,basic working principles and operation characteristics of electromagnetic velocity transducers in electric power system.It analyzes the problems in the field installation and use,presents the considerations for verification and calibration and puts forward the improvement methods for installation,repair,operation and maintenance management in order to enhance the output signal accuracy and operation reliability of this type of transducers.


Objective To discuss the expression of phospho-ERK,p38MAPK in proliferative and involuting hemangioma of infant.Methods The expression of phospho-ERK,p38MAPK in 47 cases of infantile hemangioma were detected by using immumohistochemistry assay.Results Expression of phospho-ERK protein was located in the nuclei of endotheliocyte.The positive cell index were (67.71±12.68)% and (21.54±6.85)% in proliferativ and involuting hemangioma respectively.Expression of phospho-p38MAPK protein was located in the nuclei of endotheliocyte too.The positive cell index were (83.78±5.25)% and (57.79±7.63)% in proliferative and involuting hemangioma respectively.The expression of phospho-ERK and p38MAPK protein showed positive correlation in proliferative stage of hemangioma,while negative correlation in involuting stage.Conclusion Phospho-ERK,p38MAPK play important role in proliferative and involutional stages of hemangioma.ERK signaling pathway improves survival and proliferation of endotheliocyte,while p38MAPK probably mediates endotheliocyte to apoptosis in endogenous and exogenous stimuli in involutional stage.


ABSTRACT Modified design of triangular-shaped microstrip antenna is proposed for circular polarized response which yields an axial ratio bandwidth of 68 MHz (∼5%) in the L-band. Furthermore, its electromagnetically coupled stacked design is presented, which yields enhanced impedance and axial ratio bandwidth of more than 1100 (∼70%) and 90 MHz (>7%), respectively. A single and stacked antenna offers a broadside pattern with a peak gain of 9 dBi. As a part of the design procedure, resonant length formulation at patch modes is presented. This serves as a guideline in the re-designing of similar antenna in a given frequency spectrum. Theoretical results have been verified experimentally with a good agreement.


The number of powerful low-voltage direct current (LVDC) systems is permanently growing. As a result, the hazards associated with powerful fault arcs in the event of short circuits in these systems are also increasing and must be controlled by appropriate protective measures. In connection with the protection of personal when working on open or opened systems, it is necessary to know the electrical parameters of such DC arcs in order to determine their effects in terms of the clearing times of the short-circuit protection devices and the conversion of power and energy at the fault locations. While these questions have already been investigated to a very large extent in the AC sector, there is only few verified knowledge for the DC field. Extensive measurements and theoretical studies have therefore been carried out on LV DC arc faults. As a result, different approaches for determining the characteristic parameters have been developed and compared. The paper summarizes important findings and draws conclusions for the determination of the arc fault risks based on an energetic assessment.


We report the results of fourth epoch VLBI observations at 4990.99 MHz, with a resolution of ~1 mas, of the compact steep-spectrum quasar 3C216. Superluminal motion in this object is confirmed. Although a constant superluminal expansion at v_(app) = 3.9c ± 0.6 is not ruled out, our four epoch data are suggestive of component deceleration. In this paper we discuss the possibility of deceleration taking into account the compact steep spectrum nature of this quasar. We conclude that (a) compact steep spectrum sources may show the same beaming and orientation phenomena as extended sources and (b) the compact steep spectrum nature of the source could offer an explanation for the possible deceleration.


©2012 Turkish League Against Rheumatism. All rights reserved. In this issue of the Turkish Journal of Rheumatology, one of the articles is entitled "An Intraarticular Sacroiliac Steroid Injection Under the Guidance of Computed Tomography for Relieving Sacroiliac Joint Pain: A Clinical Outcome Study with Two Years of Follow-up". In this, Şahin et al.[1] compared steroid and local anesthetic injections for sacroiliac (SI) joint pain. Being inspired by this article and in an effort to complement the issue, I would like to discuss SI joint injections in patients with sacroiliitis in terms of both the drugs used and the employment of different imaging techniques during the injections.


The study was conducted to investigate the contribution of village chicken rearing to incomes of rural households in Nyimba district in Eastern province of Zambia. The overall objective of the study was to determine the contribution of village chicken rearing to incomes of rural households.Data was collected from independent samples of 150 respondents in 6 agricultural camps of Nyimba District.Collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The model that was used to ascertain the viability of the village chicken enterprise was gross margin.The results show that many rural households use free range system and the major controllers were women with 73%.The study noted that 75.3% of respondents cited income as the major reason for keeping village chickens while food was at 17.3%. The average village chicken flock size per household of the study area was 11 and the average price was K 40.The gross margin estimation shows that a rural household realized a positive margin from the sale of village chicken. This shows that village chicken keeping contribute to income of rural households due to the viability of the enterprise. However, the production of village chicken has constraints. These constraints have contributed to failure to maximize gains from the village chicken. The alternative strategy to combat the challenges that have characterized the village chicken enterprise and production includes vaccinations, proper housing units, organised markets and provision of The International Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Research


Aim: To examine the relationship between patient/family engagement in goal planning, satisfaction with the goal setting process and associated goal attainment and functional gains during rehabilitation. Method: A prospective cohort analysis of consecutively completed episodes for patients discharged over a 1-year period (January–December 2013) in a specialist neurological rehabilitation service in the UK. Participants were adults (n=83) with neurological disabilities (mean±SD age: 42.8 ±15.0 years; programme length: 98 ± 47 days; male to female ratio: 69 : 31; diagnosis: brain injury (n=75, 90%), spinal cord injury (n=5, 6%), other neurological conditions (n=3, 4%)). The measures used were six-point visual analogue scales to rate goal engagement and goal satisfaction, Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) and the UK Functional Assessment Measure (UK FIM+FAM). Results: Significant improvements were seen between admission and discharge for patient goal engagement (Mann-Whitney z=–2.2, p=0.027) and satisfaction (z=–...


Selenolato-bridged manganese(I)-based dinuclear metallacycles [{(CO)3Mn(μ-SeC6H5)2Mn(CO)3}(μ-L)] (1–4) were achieved in a single-step process by the self-assembly of dimanganese decacarbonyl, diphenyl diselenide, and flexible ditopic ester-functionalized pyridyl ligands [1, L = o-phenylene diisonicotinate (pdi); 2, L = 1,6-hexanediyl di-4-pyridine carboxylate (hdp); 3, L = 4-pyridine carboxylic acid diethylene glycol diester (pcadgd); 4, L = 4-pyridine carboxylic acid triethylene glycol diester (pcatgd)]. Synthesis of a series of selenolato-bridged dinuclear Mn(I)-based metallacycles was facilitated via oxidative addition of C6H5Se–SeC6H5 to (CO)5Mn–Mn(CO)5 with simultaneous coordination of flexible ditopic pyridyl linkers in an orthogonal fashion. The metallacycles were characterized by IR, UV–vis, NMR, and electrospray ionization-mass spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis. Solid-state structural elucidation of 3 was carried out using single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. In addition, antic...


Abstract Functionalized photochromic compounds and their applications in chemical and physical switching processes are under investigation. In this report exclusive consideration is given to the dihydroazulene @HA)/vinylheptafulvene (VHF) system ½. A short description of the photochromism of ½. is presented. Three topics of potential switching behaviour released by the photochromism of ½. are pointed out: (i) change of the pka and of proton transfer properties in anilinium derivatives, (ii) change of the redox potential in compounds with electron transfer active subunits, (iii) increase of second‐order nonlinear optical properties by irradiation of 1.


In this article, we report a study of the field behavior of various types of concrete foundations used in greenhouses
in Almeria, Spain. The relationship between foundation displacement and maximum uplift load was evaluated in terms of the
effects of the depth of the foundation, the diameter of the foundation base, and the geometry of the failure surface. The results
of the field trial are compared with results from simulation studies using finite element analysis and from the use of empirical
formulae.


Objective To detect the expression of glutathione S transferase π(GST π),multidrug resistance gene(MDR1),multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP) and lung resistance protein (LRP) in clinical carcinoma (include breast carcinoma, lung carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma and ovarian carcinoma) by RT PCR.Methods The gene expression of GST π, MDR1, MRP, and LRP was determined by RT PCR. The plasma level of GST π was determined by radioimmunoassay.Results The expression rate of GST π, MDR1, MRP, and LRP was over 30% in detectable carcinomas. The highest expression rate was found in different carcinomas: 80% for GST π in esophageal carcinoma, 94.7% for MDR1 in breast carcinoma, and 87.8% for LRP in ovarian carcinoma. The coexpression rate of drug resistance associated marker was higher than that of expression ( P 0.05). The non responder to platium based combination chemotherapy showed a higher rate of MRP, GST π and (or) MDR1, LRP coexpression than the responder ( P 0.01) did. The plasma level of GST π was higher after chemotherapy than before chemotherapy.Conclusions GST π MDR1, MRP, and LRP are major factors associated with drug resistance. Coexpression is one of major featues of drug resistance associated markers expression. Combined drug resistance associated markers may help judge the changes after chemotherapy.


This book explores the territorial expansion of the Thessalian League ca. 196-27 BCE, the development of the state religion of the League, and the tension between regional political identity and local cult tradition.


The study researched the effects of two pretreatments on seeds germination in Rudbeckia hirta,Rudbeckia hirta,Rudbeckia hybrida, Salvia farinacea. Results showed that soaking with gibberellins improved seed germination rates of four flowers,the suitable GA concentrations were respectively 400 mg/L for R. hirta and R. hirta,100 and 200 mg/L for R. hybrida,100 mg/L for S. farinacea. Soaking 12h with water promoted the germination rate of R. hirta,R. hybrida,S. farinacea,the suitable soaking time was 18h for R. hirta.


I have no faith in the medical people here; not one of them seems honest to begin with. To …


Objective:To adopt fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)for studies on effect of troxerutin on the secondary structure of bovine serum albumin(BSA).Methods:In this study,FT-IR difference spectra were applied to determine the interaction of troxerutin and BSA.Results:Troxerutin binding on the BSA could change the serum protein conformation.The component bands of secondary structure in amide I were assigned by combining the quantitative results of amide Ⅲ band.α-Helix 1330-1290 cm-1;β-turn 1290-1270 cm-1;Random coil 1270-1250 cm-1 and β-sheet 1250-1220 cm-1.Conclusion:The study of the interaction between troxerutin and proteins by infrared spectroscopy provides an entirely new way for that between TCM active components and other proteins.


As a nation of highly diverse ethnic and interest groups, Nigeria's march towards nationhood has been marked with conflict and dissention not particularly untypical of a plural society. To address this, various measures have been put in place to recognise the rights of individuals according to his/her regional/ethnic background with a view to ensuring that benefits percolates accordingly. This paper examines Nigeria's political history since pre-independence and the various mechanisms that have been used to instill peace in the country's political space. The paper reviews these instruments and their challenges within the framework ability to achieve the desired goal of peace and good governance and the subsequent adoption of the zoning formula for key positions as well as rotational presidency. Considering the records of stability of the political system in Nigeria, which the zoning formula and rotational presidency appeared to have engendered since 1999, the study found evidences of improved and strengthened ethnic relations, albeit politically. Consequently, such affirmative political strategy in which the interests of the various sections of the country are factored into the political space has become critical to enhanced ethnic relation in the Nigerian polity. Keywords : Dissention; Conflict; Zoning; Governance crisis


While the analysis of airborne laser scanning (ALS) data often provides reliable estimates for certain forest stand attributes-such as total volume or basal area-there is still room for improvement, especially in estimating species-specific attributes. Moreover, while the information on the estimate uncertainty would be useful in various economic and environmental analyses on forests, a computationally feasible framework for uncertainty quantifying in ALS is still missing. In this paper, the species-specific stand attribute estimation and uncertainty quantification (UQ) is approached using Gaussian process regression (GPR), which is a nonlinear and nonparametric machine learning method. Multiple species-specific stand attributes are estimated simultaneously: tree height, stem diameter, stem number, basal area, and stem volume. The cross-validation results show that GPR yields on average an improvement of 4.6% in estimate root mean square error over a state-of-the-art $k$ -nearest neighbors (kNNs) implementation, negligible bias and well performing UQ (credible intervals), while being computationally fast. The performance advantage over kNN and the feasibility of credible intervals persists even when smaller training sets are used.


This article explores the following aspects: increase in the number of audits of small and medium-sized businesses; information awareness of small and medium-sized businesses about the reform of the means of control and supervision in the Russian Federation; availability of information on mandatory requirements. The year 2019 was transitional, and its results allowed assessing the effectiveness and forecasting the prospects of the reform of control and supervision activity. The scale of the ongoing reform is enormous. However, it remains relevant whether the small and medium-sized businesses are informed about such transformations The scientific novelty consists in tracing the interrelation between dissatisfaction among the representatives of small and medium-sized businesses with the implemented control and supervisory activity and their awareness of the reform in the Russian Federation, as well as the availability of information on mandatory requirements. The conclusion is made on the need to develop and implement the project aimed at informing small and medium-sized businesses about the implementation of the reform of the means of control and supervision in the Russian Federation, as well as the conditions for their operation within the framework of the reform. The author also offers to introduce the system of common register of mandatory requirements and guidelines for their observance in accordance with the type activity on the single web portal with the option of the first-party audit.


Abstract This paper frames the GM cotton approval debate in Turkey in the context of a socio-political process in which conflicts must be resolved between competing interests and among people who hold different value systems and have different priorities. Four different cotton farming alternatives— business as usual (BAU), ecological farming (ECO), GM farming (GM), and good agricultural practices (GAP)—are assessed and evaluated via a set of environmental, social, and economic criteria chosen on the basis of an extensive review of the cotton production and genetically modified organism (GMO) literatures, and in-depth interviews with several key stakeholders and experts in Turkey. The results show that when economic concerns are considered primary, GM farming is the preferred practice. In contrast, when only the social dimension is prioritised, the ECO alternative performs best. Finally, when the economic and social dimensions are appraised together, GAP emerges as a compromise solution. This study reveals that the decision to approve GM farming is not only complex but also value-laden and interest-based.


We have previously reported on the improvement of the interfacial shear strength of carbon fiber-reinforced polypropylene (CFRPP) using carbon fiber with added resin particles (uneven carbon fiber). This study was conducted to assess the interfacial shear strength of CFRPP with uneven carbon fiber under a hot–wet environment for long-term safety of vehicles. The matrix was maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene. The matrix concentration was 10%. Reinforcement was done with uneven carbon fiber. Water absorption tests of CFRPP were conducted using uneven carbon fiber. The range of water temperature was from room temperature (RT) to 80°C. The maximum immersion time was 112 days. After water absorption testing, a micro-debonding test of CFRPP using uneven carbon fiber was conducted at RT. Fracture surfaces of carbon fibers were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results show that when the maximum immersion time was 112 days, interfacial shear strength of water-immersed CFRPPs using uneven carbon fiber at RT, 50°C and 80°C decreased by 54%, 94% and 96% respectively, compared with that of non-immersed CFRPP using uneven carbon fiber. However, interfacial shear strengths of water-immersed CFRPPs using even and uneven carbon fiber under 50°C and 80°C showed almost no change at 112 days. SEM observations revealed large resin particles on the fracture surface of carbon fiber at temperatures higher than 50°C. Large resin particles and matrix on fracture surface of carbon fiber were found at 80°C. The viscoelasticity and interfacial adhesion property of water absorbing polymer matrix probably decreased when CFRPP using uneven carbon fiber was immersed at temperatures higher than 50°C. Therefore, the interfacial shear strength of CFRPP using uneven carbon fiber was strongly affected because of water absorption by polymer matrix and water penetration into interface between fiber and polymer matrix under a hot–wet environment.


Experiences of subjective burden were analyzed in a sample of 164 siblings of persons with serious mental illness. Findings indicated that the well sibling's experience of burden was consistently related to the symptomatology of the ill sibling. In addition, those who viewed the ill sibling's behavior as outside his or control exhibited lower levels of subjective burden than did those who viewed the behavior as within the sibling's control. Implications for research and clinical intervention are discussed.


XIII CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. BACKGROUND 1 1.2. RESEARCH GAPS 2 1.2.1. Lack of Cross-Functional Knowledge Sharing Research concerning Coordination Mechanisms 2 1.2.2. Lack of Knowledge Sharing Studies concerning Coordination in the Context of Competition 4 1.2.3. Lack of Asian Studies on Cross-Functional Knowledge Sharing 4 1.3. RESEARCH QUESTIONS 5 1.4. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 6 1.5. JUSTIFICATIONS 6 1.6. METHODOLOGY 7 1.7. RESEARCH SCOPE 8 1.8. DEFINITIONS OF KEY TERMS 8 1.9. OUTLINE OF THE THESIS 9 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 11 2.


Correlates of physical activity are relatively less understood in India. This study was conducted in the state of Kerala which suffers from a high burden of chronic diseases in the country due to epidemiological transition. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 500 adults in Kottayam district of Kerala. Multivariable logistic regression analysis determined that high fitness motives (OR=8.45, 95%CI 1.58-11.34), high self-efficacy (OR=3.71, 95%CI 1.75-8.08), support from friends and family (OR=4.46, 95%CI 1.09-18.20) and being married (OR=2.59,95%CI 1.08-6.23) were key predictors of leisure time physical activity than their counterparts.


As the global population exceeds 6.5 billion in recent years, aquaculture is destined to play a more important role in providing animal protein in terms of aquaculture potential and high feed conversion rates. Technical and non-technical aspects of aquaculture are discussed in this paper to help sustainable development of this knowledge-based industry, with emphasis on food safety and human welfare. Technical strategies include consolidated standards for each species, introduction of exotic species, improvement of feeds, selective breeding, disease control and others. Non-technical strategies include training of personnel, proper licensing system, implementation of appropriate regulations and laws, efficient monitoring system, and establishment of local and global aquaculture networks.


In Powys there has long been the assumption that there is a high level of intrapartum continuity of carer, this has never been objectively assessed. A quantitative study was undertaken to assess this and the importance attached to it. The implications of the findings are discussed.


Space sciences and application projects arranged in Tiangong-2 space laboratory and Tianzhou-1 cargo ship have been described in detail,covering research areas of the fundamental physics,space astronomy,microgravity fluid physics and materials science,space life science,and earth science.These experiments and researches will hopefully produce great scientific results and social benefits in several fields,including:universe evolution,quantum communication,material development,global climate change and earth environment,etc.


The invention discloses a punctuation adding method and system. The method comprises the steps as follows: dividing a to-be-processed audio file into at least one to-be-processed phrase on the basis of silence detection, and recognizing all feature units which appear in the to-be-processed audio file according to each word and the semantic feature of each word contained in each to-be-processed phrase; determining the comprehensive weight of various punctuation states of the to-be-processed audio file according to all the feature units by using a language model established on the basis of word segmentation and semantic features of words; adding punctuations to the to-be-processed audio file according to the comprehensive weight. With the adoption of the punctuation adding method and system, the punctuation adding accuracy can be improved.


This paper deals in approximating the unknown temperature everywhere inside a solid body. Existing system is assumed to be described by the partial differential equation containing unknown parameter. Using the semi-finite element technique, temperature distribution in the whole body can be measured with the help of existing environment conditions. Such a model is very helpful in the areas of application including biology, large space structure technology, physics etc. Temperature decay in the body has been observed at different time intervals with the help of given criteria. Numerical results are compared with the exact solution.


The rejection of Shia movement in Indonesia is a new discourse. Shia presence in Indonesia has been since the early arrival of Islam. But why the Shia resistance movement emerging in the early 21st century? I argue that the Arab spring is the biggest trigger is related to the rise of anti-Shia movements in Indonesia. This paper will explore the relationship between the Arab spring and its influence on the anti-Shia in Indonesia, including the emergence of a national-level organization called ANNAS, or Aliansi Nasional Anti Syiah (Anti-Shia National Alliance), which was declared on August 20, 2014. It aims to increase public awareness to the issue of anti-Shia and avoid potential conflicts which cause separations and threaten national stability as happened in the Arab countries that are currently happening provocations by parties who have interests and hidden agendas on them. Indonesia as a country that refer to Pancasila should be prepared for the issues that triggered the disintegration of the nation.


We consider the entropy associated to the phonons generated via the Hawking mechanism in a sonic hole in a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC). In a previous paper, we looked at the (1+1)-dimensional case both in the hydrodynamic limit and in the case when high-frequency dispersion is taken in account. Here, we extend the analysis, based on the 't Hooft brick wall model, by including transverse excitations. We show that they can cure the infrared divergence that appears in the (1+1)-dimensional case, by acting as an effective mass for the phonons. In the hydrodynamic limit, where high-frequency dispersion is neglected, the ultraviolet divergence remains. On the contrary, in the dispersive case the entropy not only is finite, but it is completely fixed by the geometric parameters of the system.


Case VII.?Amirullah, aged 28, admitted 28th February 1873, discharged convalescent 9th March. Mild case; heahache and drowsiness chief symptoms; defervescence about the 8th day. February 28th.?Fever commenced yesterday with a rigor; there is considerable frontal headaches and thirst; sordea on teeth, and tongue is slightly coated with whitish fur ; bowels not open since yesterday ; abdomen lax and not painful. March ls?, [3rd day!)? Slept during the night and feels better ; complains only of headache ; tongue more coated; fur in centre becoming brown ; bowels open once this morning; motion solid. 2nd, (4th day.)?Slept fairly ; brown fur on centre of tongue cracking ; bowels open once a day. 3rd, (bth day.)?Slept well; bowels open once; slight bleeding from edges of gums ; heart sounds faint. 4th, (6th day.)?No delirium ; sleeps well ; eyes bright; tongue moist with white creamy fur ; skin dry; respiration easy ; no abdominal tenderness ; bowels regular. 5th, (7th day.)?Intellect clear ; sleeps well; skin cool; bowels moved once; urine high colored, and, sp. gr, 1023; no albumen. 6th, (8th day.)?Slept well; eyes bright} tongue cleaner but still coated ; akin cool ; bowels regular. 1th, (9th day.)?Still improving ; slept well; tongue slightly coated ; appetite improving ; urine clear, pale straw color, sp. gr. 1012, acid, no albumen. 8th, (10th day.)?Defervescence almost complete ; tongue still rather coated; sleeps well; bowels regular. 9th, (IMA day.)?No change since yesterday ; discharged convalescent.


Named Entity Recognition (NER) is the field of recognizing nouns such as names of people, corporations, places and dates. The process of extracting NEs is mainly relying on supervised machine learning techniques. Hence, utilizing proper features have a significant impact on the performance of recognizing the entities. Several approaches have been proposed for reducing the feature dimensionality of NER. However, these approaches have concentrated on the traditional features or so-called textual features. Recently, extracting information form web pages has caught the researchers' attentions regarding the valuable information that lies on such pages. Extracting NEs from web pages has brought tremendous kinds of features which are inspired from the web nature. Apparently, combining the traditional features with the web features would expand the feature space. Therefore, there is an essential demand for accommodating feature selection for the process of extracting NEs from web pages. This paper proposes a feature selection approach based on Genetic Algorithm for extracting NEs from web pages. The dataset was collected from business web pages. Whilst, the feature set consists of text features such as n-gram and web features such as block position and font type. Finally, a SVM classifier was used to classify the NEs. Results shown that Genetic Algorithm has the ability to identify the most accurate features


In this paper we prove a variant of the usual Helmholtz decomposition for an exterior domain $\Omega$. The main difference is that in the decomposition $h=\nabla f+v$ for $h\in L^p(\Omega)$, with $\nabla f,v\in L^p(\Omega)^n$, div$v=0$, we assume that $f$, not $v$, vanishes on the boundary of the domain. Generally speaking, we are also more precise about which function spaces $f$ belongs to. It should be mentioned that our results, though not our proofs, have some strong overlap with some results in [C. G. Simader and H. Sohr, The Dirichlet Problem for the Laplacian in Bounded and Unbounded Domains, Longman, Harlow, UK, 1996], where a somewhat different approach is used to obtain a similar decomposition. We needed the type of decomposition we construct here for our study of the exterior two-dimensional quasi-geostrophic equation (cf. [L. Kosloff and T. Schonbek, Adv. Differential Equations, 17 (2012), pp. 173--200], [L. Kosloff and T. Schonbek, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. Ser. S, 7 (2014), pp. 1025--1043]...


Abstract Research in the broad area of child maltreatment has investigated the effects of these phenomena globally and without much attempt to distinguish the nature and extent of such experiences. This study sought to examine the underlying structure of child maltreatment and relate this structure to current adolescent adjustment. A principal components analysis was conducted with 162 adolescents who had backgrounds of child maltreatment, using a comprehensive measure of such experiences at two developmental time periods (birth to 6 years, and 7–12 years). This analysis resulted in interpretable factors that were used to create scales measuring maltreatment in a continuous, nonredundant manner. These scales were used to test main and interaction effects of each type of maltreatment on current adjustment of adolescent males and females. For males (N = 71), the relationship between early maltreatment and adjustment was significantly enhanced when interactions between physical and psychological abuse and between partner abuse and neglect were entered into the equation. For females (N = 91), current adjustment was significantly related to the developmental period in which neglect or psychological abuse had occurred. Results are discussed in relation to measurement and theoretical issues.


BACKGROUND
The kinetics of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) are predictive in HBV-infected patients treated with pegylated interferon. Knowledge about the value of HBsAg levels in patients coinfected with HBV and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is lacking.

METHODS
We quantified serum HBsAg in a Dutch multicenter cohort of 104 patients coinfected with HIV and HBV who were treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) as part of highly active antiretroviral therapy. The median duration of therapy was 57 months (interquartile range, 34-72 months).

RESULTS
Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients achieved a decline of 2.2 log IU/mL in HBsAg, whereas HBeAg-negative patients only achieved a decline of 0.6 log IU/mL during 6 years of TDF therapy. Declines in HBsAg at months 6 and 12 correlated with CD4 cell count for HBeAg-positive patients. Five HBeAg-positive patients (8%) and 3 HBeAg-negative patients (8%) cleared HBsAg. HBeAg-negative patients who cleared HBsAg had lower baseline HBsAg as compared to patients who remained HBsAg positive. The majority of patients who cleared HBsAg achieved this end point within the first year. In HBeAg-positive patients, decline in HBsAg at month 6 was predictive of achieving HBsAg seroclearance.

CONCLUSIONS
Receipt of TDF therapy by HIV/HBV-coinfected patients for up to 6 years led to a significant decrease in HBsAg in the HBeAg-positive population. HBsAg kinetics early during treatment were predictive of HBsAg seroclearance and correlated with an increased CD4 cell count, underlining the importance of immune restoration in HBV clearance.


This paper presents the study findings that examined the integration of special needs in the Library Information Science (LIS) curriculum by Tanzania's library schools.The Social Model of Disability by Oliver (1990)underpinned the study, which deployed both quantitative and qualitative research approaches as well as survey research design. The questionnaire, interview and content analysis were used in data gathering.The study found that special needs in the LIS programme is integrated in one university as an elective and not covered as a core subject. Moreover,the study found that the integration of special needs in the LIS curriculum is important in improving library services, also providing services to people with disabilities. Furthermore, it was established in this study that the integration of special needs in the LIS curriculum faced the challenge of relying on staff lacking training in special needs in addition to lacking assistive equipment. In addition, inadequate funding, lack of information resources (Braille materials), lack of sensitisation and awareness of universities and government decision-makers were other challenges the study identified. The study, therefore, recommends for special needs to be a compulsory subject for undergraduates as well as postgraduates in all disciplines. The physical layout of  the campus buildings in all the universities should also be friendly to people living with disabilities. The government should  also provide adequate funds to all universities to support people living with special needs.


Doses of strontium were given pre-eruptively to rats at 0.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 μg Sr/10 g body weight, with or without fluoride at 1.0 μg/l0 g body weight by esophageal intubation. In a second experiment strontium at concentrations of 0, 50, 100 and 150 mg Sr/l, with and without fluoride at 10 mg/l, were given via the drinking water post-eruptively. Caries scores were made for buccolingual, morsal, sulcal und proximal lesions in all rats. Slight reductions in buccolingual caries scores were seen in rats given 5.0 μg Sr/10 g body weight pre-eruptively. Rats given post-eruptive doses of strontium only showed marked reductions in buccolingual scores with 50 mg Sr/l, and 10 mg F/l. No effect was seen on morsal, sulcal or proximal caries scores for any of the treatment regimens. The greatest reductions in buccolingual caries scores were found when a combination of 50 mg Sr/l and 10 mg F/l was given post-eruptively.


A Galerkin finite-element method is used to study the rotating, thermocapillary fluid flow in the cylindrical float zone configuration for crystal growth. Results are presented for a fluid of Prandtl number 1.0 in a zone of unit aspect ratio under microgravity conditions. In the absence of rotation, the thermocapillary flow is responsible for large radial non-uniformities in the heat transfer, especially at the cold boundary. A sufficiently strong uniform corotation of the end rods leads to a rigid rotation of the fluid in the interior of the zone; in this case, the thermocapillary flows are considerably attenuated and confined to a region near the free surface of the zone. This provides a more uniform thermal environment over the bulk of the crystal-melt boundary, which is a very desirable processing condition. When the end rods are counterrotated, inertially driven meridional flow cells appear in the zone. The interaction of the rotational forced convection with the thermocapillary flow causes the region of the local heat transfer minimum at the cold boundary to gradually shift away from the axis of the zone toward the meniscus.


Background: Many people in Iraq and indeed the world choose to drink coffee on a daily basis; accordingly, we planned to find the radium and uranium concentrations in addition to the Radon emission rate to determine if coffee shows the levels of radioactivity that may affect people's lives. Material and Methods: A nuclear track detector (CR-39) was used to study the natural radioactivity of ten samples of coffee collected from local Iraqi markets. Results: The effective radium content varied from 0.13 to 0.66 Bq/kg with a mean 0.32 Bq/kg. The mass exhalation rates of radon vary from 0.024 – 0.121/kg .h, with a mean 0.059 Bq/kg .h, while the surface exhalation rates of radon vary from 0.47 – 2.39/ .h, with a mean 1.16 Bq/m. h. Uranium content varied from 0.10 to 0.54 ppm with a mean value of 0.26 ppm. Conclusion: Insofar as health effects are concerned, the results have shown that all the samples were entirely safe.


Carotid artery dissection, firstly described by Pratt-Thomas and Berger in 1947, typically begins in inner layer of artery wall, proceeds to the middle layer, and intramurally extends along length of the artery as a result of the pressure produced by blood stream. This study aims to report a case in which internal carotid artery dissection was diagnosed as secondary to trauma. A 24-year-old male patient was brought to the emergency room by 112 emergency service team after a motorcycle accident. Physical examination of the patient revealed a painful dermabrasion in his right neck region and other system examinations were normal. Carotid-vertebral color Doppler ultrasonography was performed on the patient because he had a right neck pain. Accordingly, an intimal flap appearance compatible with dissection was observed on the right internal carotid artery (ICA) proximal segment. Then, brain+cervical CT angiography was performed on the patient, and an appearance compatible with dissection was observed in the right ICA. Therefore, the patient was referred to neurology and neurosurgery consultation and accordingly admitted to neurosurgery intensive care unit. As a result, carotid artery dissection in addition to other intracranial pathologies should be considered among differential diagnoses for patients with head and/or neck pain complaints regardless of whether or not they have a trauma history.


This paper reviews key ideas of the researches on the dual approach to the vibration analysis. Three types of dual techniques, namely, forward return dual technique, global-local dual technique, weighted averaging dual technique, for the problem of equivalent replacement are summarized. Different implements and realizations of dual techniques to nonlinear vibration analysis and design of dynamic absorbers are reviewed. Finally, the challenging issues based on the dual techniques are discussed. A number of possibilities for developing analytical techniques related to dual techniques are proposed.


Purpose – The aim of this article and special issue is to propose a framework for foresight impacts on policy and decision making. The need to identify direct impacts, measure them and identify the factors that lead to impact is the primary objective of the special issue and, as outlined in the article, represents a critical addition to the foresight field. On the basis of case studies, experience, and theoretical‐evaluative frameworks this issue seels to offer suggestions regarding the factors that may help policy makers, academics, consultants, and others involved in foresight produce impactful results.Design/methodology/approach – The methodology deployed for this article is both empirical and meta analysis. This introductory article is based on the special issue articles as well as the authors' extensive practical experiences in foresight.Findings – Foresight does impact policy. Case studies and experiences in Europe, North America, Africa and Asia identified in the special issue provide support for t...


. In this age of calculators, the need for teaching computational standard procedures is often debated. However, instruction in four basic operations should provide students with understanding skill on computation. For students to perform computation successfully and meaningfully, their sensitivity to numbers and their flexibility in thinking about number are very important. However, it has become a common problem that students find it is difficult to perform some mathematical operations, and at the same time, students are not interested in calculation activities. Meanwhile, Indian Vedic mathematics, which is an ancient mathematical system, offer some different approached to computation methods. The term Vedic mathematics refers to the sixteen mathematical formulas or sutras and their corol-laries ( sub-sutras ) that provide relationships or links through mathematics. This paper shall discuss some sutras derived from the Vedic mathematics system used in basic operations. The sutras with single-line phrases are easy to understand and remember. Some sutras discussed in this paper speaks for their coherence and simplicity which might develop aptitude and ability, and nurture students' brain in handling mathematical operations to develop their logical thinking and intelligence. Once students understand the mathematical concepts for particular operations, then they might use the related sutras to help them work faster and have more fun in completing mathematical operations.


This study was carried out to determine the effects of adding probiotics and ginger (Zingiber officinale) to broiler rations on growth performance, carcass parameters and meat quality parameters. In the study, 396 Ross 308 male and female broiler chickens were used as animal material. The chicks were divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates each containing 11 animals. The rations of the study groups were prepared by adding control, 0.3%ginger, 0.6%ginger, 0.05%probiotic, 0.05%probiotic+0.3%ginger, 0.05%probiotic+0.6% ginger. The experiment was continued for 42 days and weekly body weight (BW), body weight gains (BWG), feed consumption (FC) and feed conversion rates (FCR) were determined. 42. carcass parameters and visceral weights of each slaughtered animal, breast meat quality parameters such as color, pH, cooking loss, water holding capacity and white line score were analyzed. In the study, it was determined that the addition of 0.05% probiotic increased the body weight and body weight gain, and improved the feed conversion ratio. In the experiment, it was observed that the addition of 0.3% ginger supplement had no effect on body weight and body weight gain, but body weight and body weight gain increased in groups with 0.6% ginger, 0.05%probiotic, 0.05%probiotic+0.3%ginger and 0.0%probiotic +0.6%ginger combinations. It was determined that the addition of probiotic, ginger and probiotic+ginger decreased feed consumption and improved feed conversion ratio compared to the control group. It has been observed that the probiotic supplement and probiotic+ginger combinations increase the breast weight percentage. It was determined that the addition of probiotic, ginger, probiotic+ginger combinations had positive effects on breast meat quality parameters. As a result, it has been concluded that the addition of 0.05%probiotics to broiler rations can be recommended because it is economical and applicable, improves the growth performance, and can be recommended for use in broiler rations.


(1947). The Development of Germanic ai and au in Old High German. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 174-181.


FOR a generation Sedgwick's school edition of the Cena has been the stand-by not only of the sixth-formers for whom it was intended, but of undergraduates and their seniors as well. Reprinted twice since 1925, it now marks its silver jubilee by appearing in a second edition. To keep the price within the range of readers' pockets, the original plates have been used with a minimum of changes. At first sight all that is new appears to be five pages of additional notes at the end of the book. But in reading the two editions side by side one soon finds that though the pagination remains the same throughout, there is scarcely a page of the commentary in which the author has not added a further reference, corrected a dubious explanation, or turned a more felicitous phrase. Of the new material, the following seems most worthy of note :


The excellent translation by Murray and Ross of these two monographs deserves a hearty welcome, as does the initiative of the Experimental Psychology Society in sponsoring their publication. Ernst Heinrich Weber was a remarkable man, who lived at an exciting period in the history of sensory psychophysics; and it is a great pity that until now his work has been largely inaccessible to English-speaking psychologists. The two translators have carried out their work with loving care, and the result is both highly readable, and full of matters of topical interest. Translation is no easy matter, when a modern dictionary is at best a poor guide to the meaning of words as they may have been understood at an earlier time with different concepts from our own. The choice of words like 'instinct' or even 'objective' to translate from Latin or German is full of difficulties, and various strategies present themselves. At one extreme, one can make an effort to find the English word that would have been the best equivalent at the time. This produces a deliberately archaic impression, and on the whole this reviewer is glad that Ross and Murray have not taken such a route. Instead, they have tried to use modern English, making the necessary historical and philosophical judgements to find up-to-date equivalents. The only minor reservation the reader might be justified in raising about the result of this method is that it has not been applied consistently. Why retain obsolete units of measurement such as the Paris line, when they have in themselves no historical interest to the psychologist? The charm of such oddities rapidly fades, and it should not be necessary to have an electric calculator by one's side to interpret the results of Weber's experiments.


The paper investigates the question of the ornament starting from a parallelism between biological- architectural ornaments and decorative-artistic ones. The element of innovation and the emergency of the ornament allow to consider images as if they were living organisms and to highlight their becoming through new forms. Starting from a morphological point of view, from Johann Wolfgang von Goethe to the contemporary morphology, the ornament is strictly connected to the dynamics of forms and to a particular approach to the visible. The ornamental dynamics, according to the binomial form-function, open the dimension of the visible to new perspectives and foreshadow potentially infinite changes. The essay analyzes the consequences in the production of visible forms and in the attribution of meanings, but also the political function of images, with particular reference to the idea of an economy of visible forms.


Objective:To evaluate the clinical value of using the thr ee dimensiona l ultrasonography (3D US), which include still and real time three dimensional u ltrasonography,in denonstrating the fetal surfaee structures abnormality. Meth ods:Eleven pregnant women suspected of having fetal surfaee structures abnormal dysplasia with routine prentatal two dimensional ultrasound(2D US) were examin ed with 3D US. The accuracy of 2D,still 3D and real time 3D diagnosis for the ma formation with detail were compare to pathology outcome, and the rate to obtain images were compared. Results: 3D US could demonstrate the surface features and stereo shape of the fetal surface structures,as well as the spatial relationsh ip among them.3D US give a clear view of the abnormality and reliable information, Not only re al time 3D US gathered 3D images of fetals,But it also abserved the movement.Th e successful rate of gathering 3D images were increased. Eleven cases of the fet al surface structures dysplasias included absent skull(n =3),spinal segmentatian defects(n=2), cleftlip(1),clubfoot(1) cystic lymphaic n eed(4). All cases obtain ed still 3D US and real time 3D US scanned data and 3D images with surface mode. Meanwhile, a case of false positive was found with still 3D US. Prenatal 2D US only determined the site of abnormality in eight cases(72.7%), for still 3D US, they were 10 cases (90.9%), for real time 3D US, they were 11 cases(100%). All 3 D US described the abnormality in detail. Conclusion:The diagnostic rate of 3D U S is increased in fetal surface structures abnormality, which compare with 2D US . 3D images is more imaginal. 3D US can be a very important complement to 2D US. The real time 3D US images can provide more imformations for clinician. It ha s incomparable significance beyond still 3D US. It can paly a great role in pren atal diagnosis.


The aim of the study was the comparison of the effect of seven day treatment with nifedipine (2 x 10 mg daily) and subsequently with verapamil (3 x 40 mg daily) on blood pressure, heart rate, plasma ANP, cGMP, renin activity (PRA), aldosterone (ALDO) concentrations in patients with primary hypertension. The material consisted of 12 untreated patients with primary arterial hypertension Io WHO. These results suggest that short-term treatment with nifedipine and subsequently with verapamil in patients with primary hypertension Io WHO not influence on plasma ANP, cGMP, PRA and ALDO in spite of blood pressure reduction and the changes in heart rate. It seems that ANP did not participate in hypotensive action of nifedipine and verapamil. No augmentation of urinary sodium excretion was found after short-term treatment with nifedipine or verapamil.


Density and porosity of the cut and ground material of energy plants. The work aimed at determination of bulk and specifi c density and porosity for the three energy plant species: rose (Rosa multifl ora), giant miscanthus (Miscanthus sinensis gigantean) and Virginia mallow (Sida hermaphrodita). The differences in bulk and specifi c density and porosity are the species features of energy plants and result from the method for material fragmentation. The bulk density of cut material was by 17% higher than that of the ground material, and for the rose (240 kg/m3) by over 3.5 times higher than for the miscanthus and the Virginia mallow; these values for the latter created a homogeneous group (68 kg/m3). The specifi c plant material density of Virginia mallow, rose and miscanthus, designed for briquette production, amounted to 1207, 1162 and 640 kg/m3, respectively. The cut material porosity depended on the energy plant species and method for its fragmentation, as well as on dimensions and shape of the particles.


Precast/prestressed concrete became the solution of choice in replacing an old non-functional footbridge at Washington State University in Pullman, Washington. The new $280,000 pedestrian bridge has spans of 24, 64, 24 ft (7.32, 19.52, 7.32 m), in which the two end spans are straight and the middle span is parabolic. Only seven precast components - three U-shaped girders and four piers - were needed to build the structure. The end result is a magnificent bridge that is very functional, was erected on schedule with minimal disruption of traffic and was within budget. This article presents the owner's requirements and design considerations, as well as the production, hauling, and erection highlights of the project.


Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced intestinal inflammation is characterized by pronounced mucosal and epithelial cell damage. Bovine lactoferrin (bLf), a common dietary protein, influences inflammatory cytokines and intestinal lymphocyte (IL) apoptosis. The objectives of this study were to determine if 1) DSS induces IL necrotic or apoptotic death, 2) dietary bLf affects DSS induced IL death and 3) bLf alters cytokine profiles during DSS induced inflammation. Female C57BL/6 mice were randomized to 2% or 0% bLf diets for 12 d and within diets to 5% or 0% DSS in the drinking water for 4 d after which intestinal histology, IL number, IL apoptosis/necrosis, IL phenotypes, protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) and transcription factor (NFκB), apoptotic (caspase 3, Bax) proteins, anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) protein in IL were evaluated. DSS treatment resulted in shortened intestinal length, decreased body weight and widespread mucosal damage as well as increased IL death as determined by a decreased percentage of viable (PI−/ANN−, P < 0.005) and increased percentage of necrotic/late apoptotic (PI+/ ANN+, P < 0.05) and necrotic (PI+/ANN−, P < 0.05) IL. DSS exposure increased caspase 3 (P < 0.05) and decreased Bcl-2 (P < 0.01) protein levels in mouse IL. Dietary bLf did not influence these cell death outcome measures. However, bLf reduced protein levels of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor, NFκB, in IL (P < 0.05) and was associated with a 34%, albeit non-significant, reduction in TNF-α relative to non-bLf fed mice. DSS treatment increased apoptosis and necrosis of mouse IL and elevated pro-apoptotic and reduced anti-apoptotic protein levels in these cells. Dietary bLf did not influence necrosis or apoptosis of IL but may provide limited protection in the intestine by affecting the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NFκB, and potentially, cytokine expression.


Let G be a finite group, and let p 1,…, p m be the distinct prime divisors of |G|. Given a sequence 𝒫 =P 1,…, P m , where P i is a Sylow p i -subgroup of G, and g ∈ G, denote by m 𝒫(g) the number of factorizations g = g 1…g m such that g i ∈ P i . Previously, it was shown that the properly normalized average of m 𝒫 over all 𝒫 is a complex character over G termed the Average Sylow Multiplicity Character. The present article identifies the kernel of this character as the subgroup of G consisting of all g ∈ G such that m 𝒫(gx) = m 𝒫(x) for all 𝒫 and all x ∈ G. This result implies a close connection between the kernel and the solvable radical of G.


Recent years, much attention has been paid to tissue engineering for bone regeneration. In current orthopedic treatments, artificial bone substitutes composed of bioactive ceramics are sometimes used instead of autograft and allograft to obtain bone tissue ingrowth in damaged regions. In this study, nonabsorbable porous bioceramics was implanted into femur of rabbits to perform in vivo study of bone regeneration. Compression mechanical properties were then evaluated after implantation for fixed periods up to 48weeks. 3D finite element models were also constructed using the μ-CT images taken after implantation. Computational analysis was conducted under a compressive loading condition and the effects of bone tissue ingrowth on the mechanical properties of the bioceramics specimen at each stage. Both experimental and computational results clearly showed that compressive modulus increased from 1 to 24weeks and then decreased up to 48 weeks. It is presumed that bone tissue was regenerated excessively for 12 weeks and then, bone tissue tried to keep a steady state condition by remodeling.


Through analyzing the relevant regulations of organ transplantation in China,we identi ed the problems in the regulations of organ transplantation in China,including more strict limitation of the living organ donors resulting in a serious shortage of organ supply,di culties in preventing the hidden organ trading,and opaque process of organ allocation resulting in unfair distribution.We also put forward the solutions to address above problems,including the improvement of organ transplantation regulations,establishment of the reimbursement mechanism for organ donation,rational mechanism of organ allocation and the brain death criteria,so as to promote more comprehensive sources of organ donation for the patients with end-stage organ failure.


— The selection of the computational method that can be optimal for the molecule or class of molecules under study is a crucial issues in computational chemistry. When the molecules are not small, the search for an optimal balance between results accuracy and computational costs becomes a key aspect. Useful indications may be provided by the identification of patterns in the performance of different calculation methods. The present work compares the performance and the computational costs of three methods (HF, DFT/B3LYP and MP2), on the basis of the results of extensive studies of three classes of polyphenolic compounds (hydroxybenzenes, their carboxylic acids, and acylphloroglucinols). It is concluded that HF has considerably lower computational cost for middle-size molecules; that it can be considered a reasonable method, above all for studies aimed at trend identification; and that independent verification of its performance for any new class of molecules is to be recommended.


【Objective】 The objective of this study is to understand the effect of γ-ray irradiation on cotton.【Method】The genetic diversity of 74 mutagenic progenies M5 in 3 cotton varieties,Arcot-1,Su9108 and J11,irradiated by γ-ray were analyzed with 39 polymorphism SSR primer pairs.【Result】The variance range of mutagenic progeny's(M5) pair similarity coefficient of 3 cotton varieties were 0.6129﹣0.9848,0.6212﹣1.000,0.4857﹣0.9905 respectively.The pair similarity coefficient that was higher or equal to 8.000 was more than 60.0% for the mutagenic progenies M5 of two varieties(Arcot-1 and Su9108).The pair similarity coefficient less than 7.000 was 62.5% for the mutagenic progenies M5 of J11.The variance ranges of genetic similarity coefficient of mutagenic progeny M5 SSR markers of 3 cotton varieties and their original CK were 0.6515﹣0.9697,0.6970﹣1.000,0.5524﹣08095 respectively.【Conclusion】 The analysis of molecular markers indicated that abundant genetic variations can result and genetic bases in original varieties can be broadened from the γ-ray radiation.The study also clarified that the radiation of different cotton varieties resulted in the different variation.


The aim of this work was to evaluate protein's profile in 18 genotypes of rye (Secale cereale L.) on the basis electrophoretic spectrum of storage proteins in SDS PAGE. Content of HMW was 7.43 %, LMW 68.69 % and the content of residual albumins and globulins were 23.86 %. In samples of rye, there were detected multiline, whereby in collection of 18 rye genotypes (Secale cereale L.) we detected in five genotypes 5 lines, in further five genotypes 7 lines, in four varieties were 8 lines, in three genotypes were 6 lines and in one genotype was 4 lines.


The computation aiming at large-scale structural dynamic problems, which is difficult and expensive to be implemented on serial computers, has become more and more popular. Based on the EBE scheme disassembling global computation to local elements and the SBS scheme allocating storage and tasks to the subdomains plotted by domain decomposition, a coarse granular EBE-PCG parallel algorithm is designed and then implemented in cluster. Jacobi-preconditioned matrix and polynomial-preconditioned matrix are introduced in PCG iterative method and their efficiencies are compared. The numerical examples of the dynamic response analysis of jeep frame and cantilever beam show that the EBE-PCG algorithm can not only greatly enlarge the solution scale but also obtain high parallel efficiency. It is an efficient distributed coarse granular parallel algorithm suitable for large-scale structural analysis and computing in cluster.


We developed an advanced ion-plating (AIP) method and deposited MgO thin films for protective layer in plasma display panel (PDP) with it. The preferred orientation of the films was dependent on deposition conditions; oxygen conlent and substrate temperature. The film was mainly (111) oriented with a small amount of randomly oriented textures. Fine columnar structures grew vertically from the substrate interface with sharp apexes at the film surface. It was supposed that the film structure could be improved a great deal for PDP applications by our AIP.


The formation of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) provides a very powerful probe of the early universe at the epoch of recombination. Specifically, it is possible to constrain the variation of fundamental physical constants in the early universe. We calculate the effect of a varying electromagnetic coupling constant $(\ensuremath{\alpha})$ on the CMBR and find that new satellite experiments should provide a tight constraint on the value of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ at recombination which is complementary to existing constraints. An estimate of the obtainable precision is $|\stackrel{\ifmmode \dot{}\else \.{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}/\ensuremath{\alpha}|l~7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}13} {\mathrm{yr}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ in a realistic experiment.