This study aimed to determine the implementation of the regional government No. 1 of 2015 concerning building in Bukittinggi City.The background of this research is because there are still buildings that were built without IMB, the community still builds buildings in areas that are not in accordance with the land designation, low willingness of the community to comply with regulations and there are buildings that have permits, but the construction process is not appropriate with permission that has been issued. This research is a qualitative research using descriptive method. Data collection techniques use interview techniques, field observations, and documentation studies. The informants in this study were determined through purposive techniques. Data analysis techniques can be carried out namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and then draw conclusions. The results showed that the implementation of the Bukittinggi City regional government policy on building permits had not yet proceeded, such as people building buildings without permits, buildings that have permits but when the construction process is carried out is not in accordance with the provisions of permits that have been issued, the lack of supervision carried out by the local apparatus organization is related. constraints faced in implementing this policy such as communication constraints in the form of uneven socialization, the resources owned by the related local apparatus organization are inadequate and the lack of willingness of the community to comply with regulations.


To identify medium‐term results following cutting balloon angioplasty (CBA) for branch pulmonary artery stenosis (PAS) and predictors of successful intervention.


An identity recognition method comprises the steps that video monitoring data of a specific area are obtained, a target personnel is recognized from the data, if it is detected that a pre-assigned obstructer exists on the face of the target person, the type of the obstructer is judged through a pre-trained obstructer classifier, the target person is reminded to remove the obstructer according to the type of the obstructer, and the identity of the target person is determined according to the face characteristics of the target person after the obstructer is removed. In addition, the invention further provides an identity recognition device. The identity recognition method and device can improve the efficiency and accuracy of recognizing the target person, and improve the safety of a specific occasion.


Aims  To report a case of a road traffic accident in a lady driving home from a diabetes clinic after pupillary dilatation. We also present the findings of a questionnaire survey of health professionals to elicit their practice in dealing with such patients.


A key idea in modern finance is the replication of one portfolio of financial assets and/or liabilities by another. The existence of a replicating portfolio is directly linked to the assumption of market completeness. Combined with the absence of opportunity of arbitrage (see arbitrage pricing and arbitrage theorem), the concept of replication leads to two important consequences: • ability to price • and ability to hedge. First, the absence of opportunity of arbitrage implies that replicating portfolios should have the same price. Second, the existence of a replicating portfolio implies that one portfolio can be hedged by taking the offsetting position with the other portfolio. Often, the replicating portfolio is a dynamic portfolio in the sense that one needs to trade continuously to hold this replicating portfolio. Dynamic replication is often opposed to static replication that implies one-off trade. Mathematically, concepts of replication involve the existence of a equivalent martingale measure (see martingales), while the absence of opportunity of arbitrage implies the uniqueness of this martingale measure. A portfolio is said to replicate another portfolio if it generates at maturity identical cash flows (positive or negative).


Numerous books on the psychoactive drugs have been published in the last 30 years. One of the most authoritative and pragmatic of these is the product of the genius of Leo E. Hollister, world renowned for his expertise in psychopharmacology and psychopharmacotherapy and for his capacity to share his knowledge in lectures and in publications. The success of the first two editions of this book attests to this. New developments in psychiatry and drug treatment of mental disorders have continued at a rapid pace, making a third edition of this readable and very useful book mandatory. This third edition differs in several ways from previous ones. It has a coauthor, John G. Csernansky, also gifted with clinical and research skills that, coupled with the wisdom of Dr Hollister, have added to the value of this concise, lucid, and up-to-date coverage of essential information on antianxiety drugs, hypnotics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and


This paper aims to present the kerDST on-line deliberation support tools, which are the outcome of several years of development and experimentation at the C3ED. After introducing the tools and the way they are used, we will present an example of their application to a research project aiming to define sustainable solutions for urban mobility. From this example, we will draw some conclusions about the interest of using online tools for deliberation.


From a Chinese point of view, this articletakes a close look at the approach of KieranTimberlakeAssociates, an award-winning design firm inPhiladelphia.


【Objective】 The study observed the alteration of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) and urocortin(Ucn) expressions in the rat duodenum to provide morphological basis for understanding the mechanism underlying the effect of chronic hypoxia and proinflammatory cytokine stimulation on the intestinal function.【Method】 Chronic hypoxia and IL-1β stimulation model was established in the rat.The expressions of TH and Ucn were studied by using immunohistochemistry and image analysis.【Result】 The number of TH immunoreactive cells decreased time-dependently following chronic hypoxia(P0.01),while the number of Ucn positive cells in duodenum increased following the pro-inflammatory cytokine stimulation(P0.05).【Conclusion】 Chronic hypoxia might inhibit the physiological function by attenuate the expression of TH in the duodenum,and pro-inflammatory cytokine stimulation might be involved the mechanisms of stress response of intestine through increase of the Ucn expression.


While the historical contexts taken up in Crossing the River could be seen as a distinct form of postcolonial "writing back" at centuries of trans-Atlantic slavery, the asperities in the structural device and the subtle anti-realistic stance obfuscate such reading. The novel's literalness can be elusive, its continuity immediately fractured by a prologue too often read as explanatory or even redemptive. The conventions of the historical novel, or of the committed novel, are thrown off balance by a dissemination of perspectives. The reader finds herself caught in unconventional hermeneutic webs, which the present article outlines: the connections transgressing historical contextualisation and linking various states of oppression beyond the racial question; the onomastic drifting, which I see as the paradoxical climax of construction in the novel.


With the social and economic development, there have been more and more abundant multimedia carriers. In this paper, based on the elitist teaching-learning-based optimization algorithm, the factors that affect the quality of teaching are analyzed mainly from the perspective of teachers in terms of the teaching philosophy, the design level of informatization teaching, the application of new teaching models, the evaluation of teaching effects, and other aspects. The quality of multimedia teaching in vocal music class is analyzed, aiming to improve the quality of teaching. The results of this study indicate that the proposed algorithm is effective.


The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) established a Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Center. The purpose of the Center is to provide the electrical utility industry with a dedicated NDE capability. The objective of this paper is to describe the role of the EPRI NDE Center including need, functions, and organization. A discussion of the reasons for establishment of the Center is given.


A dilatometer is described in which the length changes of a thin wire are transmitted to a capacitive detector by a see-saw suspended on a phosphor-bronze leaf. The high-temperature anelastic deformations are determined by measuring the frozen-in length change after various annealing steps at a given low temperature. The samples are annealed within the dilatometer by self-resistance heating. It is found that the accuracy of the length determination is limited by the stability of the temperature distribution in the sample and in the dilatometer frame.


This paper first analyzes status quo of and problems in the design of addendum surface of automobile panel drawing die,and then proposes a method of optimizing the design.The paper,by examples,also expounds on the constructing process of addendum surface,and points out that optimal design can improve the efficiency and quality of addendum surface design.


A novel adaptive filtering algorithm has been developed. By adapting the filtering protocol and window size to local pixel populations, the rule-based filtering algorithm minimizes edge-broadening effects and enhances vascular boundaries. From the adaptively filtered result, thermographic subcutaneous vascular patterns can be extracted using a digital subtraction technique. This algorithm enhances faint vascular signals, as is evidenced by the clear delineation of the branching vein on the right forearm.<<ETX>>


It will be shown here that there are differential operators E, F and H = [ E, F ] for each n ≥ 1, acting on Diagonal Harmonics, yielding that DH n is a representation of sl [2] (see [3] Chapter 3). Our main effort here is to use sl [2] theory to predict a basis for the Diagonal Harmonic Alternants, DHA n . It can be shown that the irreducible representations sl [2] are all of the form P, EP, E 2 P, · · · , E k P , with FP = 0 and E k +1 P = 0. The polynomial P is known to be called a "String Starter". From sl [2] theory it follows that DHA n is a direct sum of strings. Our main result so far is a formula for the number of string starters. A recent paper by Carlsson and Oblomkov (see [2]) constructs a basis for the space of Diagonal Coinvariants by Algebraic Geometrical tools. It would be interesting to see if any our results can be derived from theirs. (1 , 8). String 3 starts with bi-degree (7 , 1) and ends in bi-degree (1 , 7). String 4 starts with bi-degree (6 , 2) and ends in bi-degree (2 , 6). That accounts for the 2 ′ s in the image of its path. String 5 starts with bi-degree (6 , 1) and ends in bi-degree (1 , 6). These two ends are ∆ 21 3 and ∆ 41 . String 6 starts with bi-degree (6 , 2) and ends in bi-degree (2 , 6). That accounts for all the 2 ′ s in the image of its path. String 7 starts with bi-degree (4 , 2) and ends in bi-degree (2 , 4).


Syntheses of p-trifluoroacetamidophenyl glycosides of the haptenic pentasaccharide and the non-reducing disaccharide unit of the title pentasaccharide are reported. The synthesis of the terminal N-formylkansosamine unit started from methyl 6-deoxy-2,3-O-isopropylidene-alpha-L-lyxo- hexopyran-4-uloside which, after C-3 methylation, was transformed into a glycosyl donor [3-O-benzyl-4-N-benzylformamido-4,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-2-O-methyl- alpha,beta-L-mannopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (20), and used for the synthesis of p-trifluoroacetamidophenyl (4-formamido-4,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-2-O-methyl-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)- (1-->3)-6-deoxy-2-O-methyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (29). Ethyl (3-O-benzyl-4-N-benzylformamido-4,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-2-O-methyl- alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-(1-->3)-4-O-benzyl-6-deoxy-2-O-methyl-1-thio- alpha-D-mannopyranoside (31), prepared by glycosylation of ethyl 4-O-benzyl-6-deoxy-2-O-methyl-1-thio-alpha-D-mannopyranoside with 20, served as glycosyl donor in a 2 + 3 block synthesis of the title pentasaccharide.


Insect pests are important constraint for chilli production such as sucking pest complex of thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood, yellow mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) and aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover. Chemical method of control is one of the promising method to control pests. The present work aimed to control sucking pests like thrips, mites and aphids by Quinalphos 25% EC. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Two days after third spray lowest population thrips population was recorded in the treatment with Quinalphos 25% EC at 750 g.a.i/ha (0.83thrips/leaf), which was on par with the treatment Fipronil 5 % SC (1.20thrips/leaf) and Quinalphos 25% EC at 375 g.a.i/ha (1.25thrips/leaf). Ten days after third spray Quinalphos 25% ECat 750 g.a.i./ha, Diafenthiuron 50%WPat 300 g.a.i./ha, Quinalphos 25% ECat 375 g.a.i./ha and Quinalphos 25% ECat 325 g.a.i./ha recorded significantly lowest mites population ranged from 0.60 to 0.80 mites/leaf respectively. The application of Quinalphos 25% EC did not caused any phytotoxic effect on chilli crop at various dosages @ 375-750 g a.i./ha. Among the different treatments, significantly highest yield was recorded in the treatment Quinalphos 25% EC at 750 g.a.i./ha with 21.25 q/ha. The study indicated that Quinalphos 25% EC is effective against aphids (Aphis gossypii) thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis) and mites(Polyphagotarsonemus latus) a in chilli @ 375 g a.i./ha. The study showed no build-up of resistance / resurgence of target sucking pests like aphids, jassids, mites and thrips.


We present fBLS - a novel fast-folding technique to search for transiting planets, based on the fast-folding algorithm (FFA), which is extensively used in pulsar astronomy. For a given lightcurve with N data points, fBLS simultaneously produces all the binned phase-folded lightcurves for an array of Np trial periods. For each folded lightcurve produced by fBLS, the algorithm generates the standard BLS periodogram and statistics. The number of performed arithmetic operations is $\mathcal {O}\big (N_p\cdot \log N_p \big )$, while regular BLS requires $\mathcal {O}\big (N_p\cdot N\big )$ operations. fBLS can be used to detect small rocky transiting planets, with periods shorter than one day, a period range for which the computation is extensive. We demonstrate the capabilities of the new algorithm by performing a preliminary fBLS search for planets with ultra-short periods in the Kepler main-sequence lightcurves. In addition, we developed a simplistic signal validation scheme for vetting the planet candidates. This two-stage preliminary search identified all known ultra-short planet candidates and found three new ones.


For every bounded linear operator T in L1[0, 1] there is an element of best approximation in the ideal of weakly compact operators. We also give some sufficient conditions for ‖T+S‖ = ‖T‖ + ‖S‖, where S and T are L1-operators.


Utilizing asymptotic Pade-approximant methods, we estimate the three-loop order MS¯ coefficients of αs3[log(μ2/mb2(μ))]k terms [k={0,1,2,3}] within the b→ul−νl decay rate. Except for the coefficient of the k=0 term, all other coefficients may also be obtained via renormalization -group (RG) methods. The relative errors in asymptotic Pade-approximant estimates of the k={1,2,3} terms are found to be 5.1% or less, thereby providing an estimate of the theoretical uncertainty in the asymptotic Pade-approximant estimate of the RG-inaccessible k=0 term. By a judicious choice in the renormalization scale parameter, we are able to extract |Vub| from the inclusive decay rate to within ±7% theoretical uncertainty.


DOES AMERICA HAVE RACIAL MINORITIES? It is possible cause for bitter reflection that the relationship between majorities and minorities seldom, if ever, show patterns consistent with predictable, rational principles. If, in this essay, logical relationships of a kind that might exist are suggested, it is with the reservation that what ought to happen is utterly distinct from what can or will happen. Unless we are conscious of the possibilities of a logic of illogicality-presupposing a systematic expectation of, and readiness for, the irrationality of human beings acting in the mass-disillusionment awaits the confident prophet of future trends. Over a long period of years the Federal Government has developed a sense of special responsibility and an administrative machinery for the education of some of its minorities. It is self-evident that a group must be recognized as a minority before a policy for that minority can be established. The recognition of special minorities in the United States and its possessions and the acceptance of responsibility for a tutorial care over these minorities has come relatively late in our national history. The minority groups given status as special responsibilities of the Federal Government have been regarded as cultural rather than racial minorities. The genius of American institutions-logically displayed in our fundamental law, illogically disregarded in our fundamental practices-has been the idea of equalitarianism. The men who wrote our Constitution apparently had no notion of the idea of either cultural or racial minorities in the modern sense. The slow evolution of policy with reference to the indigenous populations of the Continental United States was accompanied by a growing public conviction that the tutorial capacity in which the agents of the Government served was intended as a means by which the minority should ultimately be assimilated into the American system of life. Cultural differentiations were admitted, but never the existence of ineradicable racial barriers. No expense was spared to achieve the end result, although in all instances systematic efforts to "educate" the affected populations far exceeded amounts spent for children enrolled in the regular state systems. In truth the idea of a racial minority or majority is something fairly recent in human history, unlike its hoary elder brother, the religious minority. Racialism has a history of not much more than a century. The rationalistic impulse that inspired the Founding Fathers (at least in so far as the verbal expression of their spirit was concerned) derived from a Europe in which not even those "races," such as Negroes, possessing "high visibility," excited the emotional reactions


Informal learning environments such as libraries and museums can play a vital role in attracting youth and children to science learning. Libraries and museums offer potential opportunities for children and youth to explore science in creative ways that are freed from the formal identities and stigmas attached to the academic classroom, by engaging in technology, media, information and pedagogy that is appealing to them. Research on the potential of these information institutions is currently still in its infancy, and a handful of researchers in the information field are exploring such opportunities. Information institutions can offer several unique benefits to science learning -- engaging young people in inquiry, which includes vital information literacy skills, providing access to diverse resources and materials, connecting to young people's personal interests, and making science relevant to their lives. In this event, we will share stories from innovative research that highlight how information institutions offer the above-mentioned benefits to science learning.


PURPOSE
Scientific publications have recently found that bone graft quality and implant survival rates were not influenced by antrostomy membrane coverage during maxillary sinus floor augmentation with a lateral approach. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of the bone substitute after a maxillary sinus floor augmentation procedure with or without using a covering membrane.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This retrospective study evaluated all patients who were enrolled between April 2016 and January 2017. The stability of the bone graft inside the sinus cavity as well at the level of the lateral bone window was assessed through preoperative and postoperative cone beam computed tomography images up to 6-month follow-up. The clinical postoperative morbidity was evaluated following a visual analog scale (VAS) protocol.

RESULTS
Maxillary sinus floor augmentation with a lateral approach was performed in 41 patients. In 17 cases (10 women/7 men, mean age: 55.4 years), a barrier membrane was used to cover the lateral bone window (control group), and in 24 cases (13 women/11 men, mean age: 56.2 years), no membrane was used (test group). The bone graft dislodgement within the buccal mucosa at 6 months postoperative ranged from 0 to 12.2 mm (mean value: 3.8 ± 3.1 [standard deviation] mm) in the test group and from 0 to 2.3 mm (mean value: 0.5 ± 0.4 mm) in the control group. The postoperative pain and swelling complications were significantly more important for the test group (3.3 ± 1.4/4.3 ± 4.5, respectively) than for the control group (2.1 ± 0.9/2.7 ± 0.9).

CONCLUSION
On the basis of this preliminary study, it appears that the use of a barrier membrane to cover the lateral bone window during maxillary sinus floor augmentation surgery with a lateral approach reduces the postoperative dislodgement of the bone graft throughout the sinus antrostomy and prevents the bone substitute particles penetrating within the buccal mucosa, which is related to postoperative morbidity.


Any course must be goal-focused and consider the needs of all learners. However, online courses require instructors to be proactive in planning for learning. Recruiting and sustaining engagement in an online course must be carefully considered and planned for during all learning modules or units. This chapter addresses how to keep students engaged by considering their affect, the general way students feel toward their learning. Affect impacts motivation, which in turn can impact how a student persists in a course. The Universal Design for Learning principle of engagement addresses the affect through three guidelines. These guidelines are explained in this chapter with potential barriers to student learning and motivation explained as well. Furthermore, possible solutions are provided to give readers examples of ways in which they might reduce or remove barriers to engagement in their online courses.


Contemporary research on disparities in access to and use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) – what is commonly referred to as the digital divide – is limited in terms of its ability to explain the interrelationships between digital and urban inequalities. Drawing upon critical geographical conceptualizations of the relationships between power, place, and scale, and a Bourdieusian conceptualization of technological and social capital, this article proposes a model of the interconnections between urban and digital inequalities from the vantage point of the everyday experiences of economically marginalized urban residents in the United States. On the basis of this model, the author suggests a future research agenda that examines the empowerment or disempowerment of people related to ICTs in relation to their own frameworks for ICT use; how technological capacity is related to technological and social capital embedded in particular places; and how technical capacity is developed across multiple spaces and multiple arenas situated in a broader analysis of inequality.


Abstract : During the course of this research, in which growth of device quality single crystal of (PKN) was of primary importance, our experience and first hand knowledge gained in PKN growth enabled us to discover an additional new ferroelectric material in the lead oxide (.) lead niobate series. It is Potassium-doped lead niobate having super-lattice pyrocholore structure. This program helped us greatly in learning the various techniques for the growth of ferroelectric crystal, in general, and PKN, KTN, Pb-niobate etc. in particular. This has led to the discovery of four new ferroelectric members of the PKN family and one new member in the Pb-niobate series.


PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Based on experimental studies, the following factors have been suggested to be important in the pathogenesis of IE (Larry and John, 2001). 1. Endocardial damage(which may result from valvular insufficiency, stenosis, or a stunting lesion) 2. Activation of clothing factors 3. Bacteremia and colonization of a noninfective thrombus It is believed that endothelial damage must be present for infective endocarditis to develop. It is virtually impossible to induce endocarditis in experimental animals unless the valvular endocardium is first traumatized with a polyethylene catheter inserted into the right or left side of the heart (Garrison and Freedman, 1970). High velocity regurgitant vortices and jets from turbulent blood flow may mechanically damage the endocardium (Woodfield and Sisson, 1989; Kasari and Roussel, 1989). The resultant exposure of underlying collagen activates platelet aggregation and the coagulation cascade, and formation of platelet-fibrin matrix. Deposition of fibrin and platelets, is a part of the normal healing process which forms a non-infective thombus (Yok-Ai and Philippe, 2011). The development of such noninfectious thombus is the first step in the establishment of infectious endocarditis. Episodes of bacteremia can result in the colonization process that result in infection of the thrombus and the initiation of the process that results in distortion and destruction of the valve leaflets and their associated structures (Larry and John, 2001). The valve colonizing organisms may originate from disrupted oral, gastrointestinal, or urogenital mucosal surfaces, or from any other localized SJIF Impact Factor 4.161


This paper implement the antonym procedure in substitution-based approach for linguistic steganography that is expected to be an alternative to the existing substitution approach that using synonym. This method is hidden the message as existing approach, however that is changing the semantic of the stego text from cover text as the medium. This paper proposed the development method is named Antonym Substitution-based that applied based on implementation linguistic steganography in covering the secret message. This approach refines the word choices makes antonym substitution-based approach linguistically is comparable with the previous effort of synonym substitution. Furthermore, this paper also used the verification and validation approaches as the procedure to evaluate performance of this method. The evaluation through verification approach used in order to determine the effectiveness and quality performance. This proposed method is expected has become the new technique implementation of linguistic steganography in process securing secret message that hide in the text medium.


The Kronrod extension (KE) of an n-point Gauss integration rule with respect to some weight w is a (2n+l)-point rule of optimal precision which consists of the n Gauss points and n+1 additional distinct real points contained in the integration interval. KE's may or may not exist depending on w and n. For a KE which exists, we define the first Patterson extension (PE) to be a similar optimal extension of the KE. It contains at least 3n+3 points, in which case it is said to be minimal. We give here some experimental results on the computation of PE's and make some conjectures about the existence of minimal and nonminimal PE's when w is a Jacobi weight.


Objective:To observe the reducing sugar mechanism of Tangpingjian.Methods:To duplicate the rats of the diabetic model by injection of STZ into the abdominal cavity and treat with Tangpingjian for 15 days.Results:Compared with the model contrast group,the FBG ( P 0 01) and MDA ( P 0 05) in the large and small dosage groups are markedly lowered;the serum Ins.and SOD levels are raised obviously ( P 0 05).the immunohistochemical staining shows the abundant B cell Ins.secretory granules.Conlusion:Tangpingjian can improve the Ins.B cell function,promote the Ins.secretion and resist the free radical damage,and has a good effect on lowering the blood glucose.


Due to the difficulty in monitoring subsurface runoff and sediment migration, their loss loads are still not clear and need further study. This study monitored water and soil loss occurring within experimental field plots for two calendar years under natural rainfall events. The sediment loss load was quantified by considering the corresponding water flow flux and its sediment concentration. The results showed that 60.04% of the runoff and 2.83% of the sediment were lost underground. The annual underground sediment loss reached up to 54.6 kg*ha *yr . A total of 69.68% of the runoff yield and 67.25% of the sediment yield were produced during the corn planting stage (CPS: March–July). Heavy rain and torrential rain events produced 94.45%, 65.46% of the annual runoff and 94.45%, 76.21% of the sediment yields during the corn-planting stage and summer fallow period (SFP: August–September). The rain frequency, rainfall, and rainfall duration of each planting stage significantly affected the resulting runoff and sediment yield. Measures aimed at the prevention and control of water-soil loss from purple soil sloping land should focus heavily on torrential rain and heavy rain events during the CPS and SFP. This paper aims to provide a practical reference for quantifying the water and soil loss from purple soil sloping cropland.


One calm warm evening towards the end of August, 1942, as I was walking on the bank of the Madawaska River near Amprior, Ontario, where the stream is bordered by a large treeless pasture, I noticed two or three small clouds of insects dancing like midges a few feet above the ground. The swarms were dense, and were from four to six feet high and three to four feet in diameter; their lowest point was about three feet from the ground. The movements of the insects were relatively sluggish as compared with the lively dancing of midges and other flies. -I walked through one of the swarms to see would happen, and noticed that it did not disperse but that many of the insects lit on me. Then I saw that they were small yellow ants, obviously remales on [heir nuptial flight. Not being particularly interested in ants, I was looking with mild curiosity at t h e score or so that were walking on my sleeve, when among the winged individuals I saw a very small wingless one that must have dropped from one of the fliers. This seemed remarkable, and for further investigation I picked u p the wingless one and six of the fliers in a viaI. When I got home I killed them in the bottle and set them aside for the time being. A few days later I emptied the contents of the vial into a watch glass for examination, and round that in addition to the wingless one and the six fliers, there were two more wingless individuals that rnuqt have been carried unnoticed by the fliers when I collected them. The Division of Entomology at Ottawa, to whom I sent the specimens, identified them as the thief ant, Solenopsis molesta Say, the winged forms being young queens on their nuptial flight and the wingless ones workers. The Division also searched the literature for mention of Solenopsis queens carrying workers on their nuptial flight, but found none. Although S. molesta is one of the commonest of North American ants, very little has been published about it, and practically nothing of its swarming habits. Apparently large flights of the ant are rare. But it is well known that queens of the African thief ant, Carebnm, rather closely dlietl to Snlctlnj~sis, habitually carry minute workers with them on their nuptial flight to help in founding new nests in the termitaria which this ant infests. This suggests not a probability but a possibility that the allied Sol~noj?sis might practise ;t ~imilar habit, or perhaps an incipient form of it. The total number of queens in the swarms 1 observed might run into the tens of thousands, and if the six queens I colIecled could be regarded as a fair sample, every third queen in the flight was carrying a worker. Bur our data are far too meagre to warrant any s11t.h startling conclusion. On the other hand it would seem extremely improbable that I chanced on the only queens in all the vast concourse that were carrying workers. And it is not unreasonable to assume that others also had their worker freight, though impossible to say how many; and the principal object of this note is to suggest to entomologists who encounter the rare Solenopsis swarm that they should examine i t for queens bearing workers. The insects are easy to collect (I shall never cease to regret that I did not take a hundred specimens instead of a miserable six) ; and if i t is found to be a regular practice, some myrmecologist may be induced to discover how it fits into the ant's life history, and if it has any relation to nest finding. Charles Macnamara, Arnprior, Ontario.


Corpus callosum atrophy is a neurodegenerative biomarker in multiple sclerosis (MS). Manual delineations are gold standard but subjective and labor intensive. Novel automated methods are promising but require validation. We aimed to compare the robustness of manual versus automatic corpus callosum segmentations based on FreeSurfer.


Contaminant transport in natural streams is considered on the basis of tracer studies in Moldovian small lowland rivers. Theories describing the spread of conservative and passive pollutants in the context of a longitudinal dispersion model, as well as attempts to estimate the discrepancy between this model and natural processes, are discussed. It is shown that the model agrees with experimental data, with an accuracy ranging from 15 to 20%, at least in the upper [C(t) > 0.5Cmax] concentration distributions. The process behaves in a quasi‐Fickian manner only at distances greater than 80 to 100 times the river width. Primarily, the nonuniformity of the average velocities over cross sections affects the process. An estimate of the Lagrangian spatial scales was proposed, and it was shown that those scales are as large as two to four times the length of alternate bars.


Love Poem with Exiles is a collection of poems with a critical preface. The poems are varied in terms of subject matter and form. In the critical preface, I discuss my relationship with poetry as well as the idea that we inherit poems, and that if we are inspired by them, we can transform them into something new.


The article attempts to present the specificity of a new teaching model called connectivism which has been gaining in popularity recently. The author explains how teaching based on connective methods differs from the paradigm currently in force and identifies new opportunities th at it creates for libraries of pedagogical universities.


The frontier war for American Independence, at once genocidal and decisive, is obscured within the American Revolution's broader history and even more powerfully vivid and enduring myths. But the largely conventional war along the eastern seaboard was paralleled and at times intersected by a war without mercy along the frontier. Battles won or lost there could and did decide the revolution's fate. Indeed, the most critical campaign of not juуst the frontier but the entire war took place in 1777, when the Americans captured an entire British army at Saratoga. That encouraged France to ally with the United States in 1778 and made possible Washington's capture of another British army at Yorktown in 1781. This article explores the strategies, tactics, diplomacy, logistics, participants, cultures, and psychologies of America's frontier war for independence.


Xit is a tool for building user interfaces for the X Window System. Diierent system layers are provided corresponding to diierent abstraction levels on which user interfaces may be constructed by user interface programmers, application programmers, or end users. The system includes toolkits with object-oriented programming interfaces based on Common Lisp and Clos as well as graphics-oriented, interactive tools. This paper describes the diierent components of Xit and how they are employed to design user interfaces.


The present work analyzed the relationship between cognitive biases and power in a collective decision making context. Notably, the analysis of investment clubs indicated that power may affect conf...


A frequency chain, derived from the one used to measure the absolute frequency ((nu) $= 473 THz) of the He-Ne/I2 optical standard, is currently being implemented in order to measure the frequency of a diode laser stabilized on the two-photon transition of rubidium vapor. The measurement scheme is based on the comparison of the frequency of this near-IR potential secondary standard to the 13th harmonic frequency of the R(12)-CO2/OsO4 LPTF secondary standard at (nu) equals 29.096 THz. Recent results on the frequency synthesis are reported, enabling the testing of long-term stability of this Rb-locked system with respect to the IR reference standard.


Every year millions of hectares of forest are devastated by fire, which causes huge damage to forest and nature especially in a country such as Algeria where the size of our forests are in degradation. Existed methods for forest monitoring and fire detection are traditional and based on humans observation, which is inefficient due to the size of controlled regions. Therefore the deployment of automatic fire detection system is unavoidable to allow early and fast fire extinction. In this paper we present an early fire detection system based on Wireless Sensor Network.


Disfunction in executive functions is considered to be one of main problems of children with autism spectrum disorder. It is indicated that part of problems encountered by these children such as social communication might be the results of executive malfunction. Thus, in the present study, the effectiveness of Maghzineh cognitive video games on executive functions of children with autism was investigated. In order to study the effectiveness of a training based on these games, a quasi-experimental study was designed, with pre-test and post test and a control group. It was conducted on two groups of male children with autism spectrum disorder, aged 5 to 12 years in Soleimanieh, Iraq. All these children were diagnosed by the psychiatrist in a rehabilitation center. Ten children were randomly assigned to the experimental group and ten children to the control group. The experimental group played with cognitive games for 24 sessions while the control group received no intervention and waited in the waiting list. The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions (Gioia, 2000) was used as the tool for evaluating the executive functions of these children. The collected data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANCO VA). The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed a significant difference between the overall executive functions in the experimental and the control group (P≤0.05). Specifically, the results showed significant impact on attention shift, working memory, organization, and task monitoring of these children, which are directly targeted by Maghzineh video games. In contrast, the intervention was significantly effective on a some of sub-scales of exactutive functions, such as inhibition or initiation. In summary, due to the impact of Maghzineh video games on a group of the scales and the overall score of executive functions, it is recommended that these games would be available to children with autism and their families and schools as a complimentary educational tool in improving executive functions, which as it is indicated in the literature, might be effective on social communication and academic achievement of these children.


Restoring degraded forest ecosystems is an important element in the ongoing challenge to sustain the integrity and functioning of the biosphere. However, the evaluation of restoration success is hampered by long lead times of management measures in forests. Moreover, forest change is accelerating also in the absence of management because of ongoing climate change. Yet, because a counterfactual is frequently missing, it remains unclear whether restoration measures are aided or impeded by climate change.

Here, we analysed the pace and success of forest restoration under climate change, combining field data and simulation modelling. We focused on the management zone of Berchtesgaden National Park (BGNP), Germany, where restoration aims to restore homogeneous Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests to structurally diverse mixed mountain forests. We evaluated three alternative restoration strategies: Two active strategies focused on planting the currently underrepresented silver fir (Abies alba) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica) but differing in the creation of gap‐cuts, and a third passive restoration strategy without interventions. Strategies were simulated with the forest landscape model iLand from 2020 to 2100 under different climate scenarios (historic, RCP 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5).

The forests of BGNP developed into structurally diverse and mixed forests under all evaluated management strategies, and differences between active and passive restoration were generally small. While restoration goals for forest structure were largely met by 2100, forest composition remained far from target in all strategies. Climate change aided restoration by significantly increasing the prevalence of silver fir and European beech (+104.2% to +258.6%). Field data on short‐term restoration effects were in line with simulated long‐term trajectories.

Synthesis and applications: We here show that forest restoration efforts in Central European mountain forests will likely be accelerated by climate change. Nonetheless, the slow pace of restoration underscores the need for taking action. Our study highlights that active restoration measures such as tree planting can bring the system closer to restoration targets. However, it also demonstrates that passive restoration (no intervention) is a viable option for management, highlighting the need to evaluate restoration measures against the counterfactual of a no intervention strategy.


The use of social media and instant messaging such as Facebook and Instagram and instant messaging, such as WhatsApp, for e-commerce are growing in average by 65%, and marketplace growth by 10% from 2018 to 2020. In contrast, the growth company website as a sales media declined from 10% in 2018 to 5% in 2019. The main factors that influenced the website low usage are ease of use, and secure payment. Little has been known about the moderating effect of the perceived security of mobile payment in the relationship between intention to use and actual website usage. The objective of the study is to investigate the most important features, and analyze the moderating effect of perceived security mobile payment in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The population observed is the online shopper in Greater Jakarta Area, using purposive sampling. The sample size was 114 collected during the period of May to June 2021. The data was analyzed using SPSS v25 and Smart PLS3. The result showed that Perceived Security Mobile Payment moderate the relationship between intention to use the website and actual usage of website. The finding contributes to TAM model literature with the moderator variable of Perceived Security of Mobile payment. The practical implication of the study is on the manager to consider mobile payment as an option of method payment, and to manage the features in the websites that can increase Perceived Ease of Use of the online shopper, such as product related features and delivery tracking status.


Insecticidal activity of Etofenprox 10 EC was evaluated against three species of stored grain pests. Viz. Sitophilus oryzae, Tribolium castaneum and Callosobruchus chinensis and one species of forest pest the termite Odontomermes breunneus. Highest activity was observed at 1 g/cm2 both against stored grain pests and termites which persisted for more than 60 days. The test chemical was also examined against five different species of plant pathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporium, Alternaria solani, Curvularia liunata, Helminthosporium and Sclerotium rolfsii). Among these, S. rolfsi and Helminthsporium were more susceptible at lower concentration than the test of the fungi. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of the test chemical was determined against all the fungi.


Unsteady aerodynamic forces acting on road vehicles subjected to gusty crosswind were investigated, with the special focus on the dependence of the aerodynamic response on the upper and underbody shapes. Large-eddy simulation technique was adopted to investigate the relationships between the transient aerodynamics forces and flow structures around the vehicles. Hatchback and sedan type vehicles were considered to discuss the upper-body effects, while the same sedan vehicles with different underbody shape were focused for the under-body effects. It was found that the sedan vehicle shows larger yaw-moment peak than the hatchback vehicle and in this context, the former is supposed to be more unstable to the crosswind. Concerning the underbody shape, the responding yaw moment is more peaked in the flat floor case than in the rugged floor.


On considere un systeme d'equations integrodifferentielles de Volterra x'=h(t,x)+∫ −∞ t q(t,s,x(s))ds ou h:(−∞,∞)×R n →R n et q:(−∞,∞)×(−∞,∞)×R n →R n sont continues


After exhibiting basic properties of Buchsteiner loops, we introduce a construction based on rings that produces a Buchsteiner loop of order 128 that is not conjugacy closed (CC). We also show that all Buchsteiner loops of nilpotency class two are CC and discuss the squaring mapping of those CC and Buchsteiner loops Q in which both Q/N and A ≤ Z(Q) are boolean groups (N is the nucleus and A is the associator subloop). We prove that this mapping determines Q up to isomorphism when Q/A, N, and the action of Q/A upon N are known.


It is emphasized in the article that in the process of forming tax regulation of socio-economic development of territories in Ukraine is a key place belongs to a clear system of scientific and methodological support. It is proposed to choose a systems approach as the methodological basis of the study, which consists in using the fundamental methodological concept of the system as a single abstract reflection of the objects of reality; identification of key determinants, properties, features and trends of the system; interpretation of the researched problem as a conceptual system. It is established that the study of tax regulation of socio-economic development of territorial communities is an element of the general system of state management of national economy, closely related to the processes of transformation of administrative structure, financial decentralization and improvement of socio-economic indicators of society in Ukraine at the municipal level. The peculiarities, principles and approaches of scientific knowledge inherent in the system method are revealed. The key directions of research of tax regulation of social and economic development of territorial communities in Ukraine are formed. Using the system method, a conceptual model of tax regulation of socio-economic development of territorial communities in Ukraine as a set of interrelated elements of influence on the economic system at the level of a separate territory, including: purpose, objects and subjects of taxation, principles and process of taxation as a financial instrument for socio-economic development of territories. It is proposed to consider tax regulation taking into account: national priorities of socio-economic development of the country; resource opportunities, industry-production, geographical-territorial, socio-demographic and other features of territorial communities; coherence of interests of state and local budgets; ensuring financial self-sufficiency of local self-government; certainty of the direction of development of the tax system, starting from the level of territorial communities.


The studies of film's ontology based on the western art philosophy. Today the film theory pays little attention on the field of film making, the business and influence the film making deeply. A new film's ontology can be built on Chinese classical art philosophy and modern psychology, it not only connect two kinds of research way, but also call the real spirit of art up.


A quad-band (3.5, 5.8, 7.5 & 8.08GHz), low profile, low Specific Absorption rate (SAR), and circularly polarized (3.5, 7.5, 8.08GHz) wearable textile antenna (50 × 30 × 1mm3) integrated with a triple-band zero reflection phase Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) surface is presented. The designed standalone antenna exhibits low SAR with 10mm separation for 0.5W input power and radiation performance with a gain of > 5 dB and Front to Back Ratio (FBR) (< 10 dB) at all operating frequencies. The AMC unit-cell is synthesized using PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) with the footprint of 20 × 20 × 1mm3 to operating at 3.5, 7.5, and 8.08GHz, respectively, with in-phase reflection. The designed 3×3 AMC reflector is integrated to improve the radiation performance of the designed antenna with gain to > 7 dB, FBR to > 10 dB, and withstanding low SAR at increased input power compatibility at separation (d = 3mm) from the body surface. The designed AMC transforms the radiation pattern from omnidirectional to directional with improved FBR and reduced back radiation with low SAR (< 0.504W/kg). The proposed AMC integrated antenna also providing mechanical feasibility in terms of handling the frequency detuning due to bending and the human-body loading feature makes it suitable for wireless body area networks (WBAN) applications.


This paper proposes the DDMPF(Distributed Data Management Protocol using FAT) which prevents data loss and keeps the security of self-organized storages by comprising a client, a storage server, and a verification server in clouding environment. The DDMPF builds a self-organized storage server, solves data loss by decentralizing the partitioned data in it in contrast to the centralized problem and the data loss caused by the storage server problems of existing clouding storages, and improves the efficiency of distributed data management with FAT(File Allocation Table). And, the DDMPF improves the reliability of data by a verification server`s verifying the data integrity of a storage server, and strengthens the security in double encryption with a client`s private key and the system`s master key using EC-DH algorithm. Additionally, the DDMPF limits the number of verification servers and detects the flooding attack by setting the TS(Time Stamp) for a verification request message and the replay attack by using the nonce value generated newly, whenever the verification is requested.


In this paper study of the effect of transverse open crack on natural frequencies of Euler Bernoulli cantilever beam has been done. Mathematical modeling has been done using flexibility approach. Flexibility at crack location is calculated using fracture mechanics approach. Natural frequencies for first six modes are obtained for different crack locations and crack sizes. It is observed that when crack size increases for a given crack location, the natural frequencies for the beam decrease. For a crack size with variable crack location, natural frequency has less effect near the node.


The roving vehicle simulator was operated autonomously under control of the simulated on-board computer. With the microwave radar obstacle sensor mounted and operating, it was able to avoid a student placed in its path and to return to the originally assigned direction when that path was clear. The tactile obstacle sensor was able to detect impassable obstacles while allowing the vehicle to negotiate passable obstacles.


On May 26, 2003, the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) planned to shut down the combined sections of Interstate 65/70 (I-65/70) in downtown Indianapolis for 85 days for much needed rehabilitation. The 5.6 km-long project, known as "Hyperfix 65/70, would rehabilitate 33 bridge decks and about 56 lane-km of concrete pavement. It would also add capacity with additional travel and merge lanes. This article describes how, by employing meticulous planning and cooperation among government agencies, the news media, the traveling public, and contractors, highly anticipated traffic jams were minimized and made manageable.


Acknowledgements Earlier versions of the paper were presented at Nottingham University, Örebro University and IIIS Dublin. We are particularly grateful to Abstract This paper examines whether exporting activity matters for firm's price cost margins. \ The recent literature on exporting and productivity shows that exporters on average are more efficient than non-exporters. If that is the case we may also expect them to have different markups. We investigate this issue using company level data for UK manufacturing industries. The measurement of markups follows the recent approach presented by Roeger (1995). Our results show that, on average, exporters have higher markups than non-exporters. We also distinguish sectors into homogeneous and differentiated goods producing. This distinction shows that we only find higher markups for exporters in differentiated goods sectors, not in homogeneous sectors.


A modified proposal is described in Section 5 to meet the desires for videotape usage expressed, after the experiment, by students and staff. The proposal suggests that every lecturer should videotape some lectures for experience and self-criticism. It also suggests that a few lecturers dealing with difficult material should videotape a larger number oflectures. All these lectures Would be available for re-run at a the students' convenience to enable them to check their notes and listen to the arguments more carefully.


The parameters have been determined on a conceptual level of the electro‐nuclear facility intended for electric power generation and MA transmutation.


Nowadays, the hemodialytic treatment of patients with either acute or chronic renal failure has been improved by promoting biocompatibility in the use of new materials and improve membrane surface characteristics. Low and high flux polysulfone membranes (PM) used in dialysis and ultra filtration have been studied in order to understand the geometry and surface chemistry of the pores at inner (nanometric) and outer (micrometric) membrane parts. The surface changes of polysulfone cartridge membrane (PM) during different number of consecutive reuse trials: after 1st, 10th and 23th times of use. The morphology of the hollow fibers surfaces was studied by means of the atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging and the surface roughness analysis. The roughness of both inner and outer part of PM surface increases with numbers of reuse trails. Thus, small and medium size pores were wiped out when the number of uses changed from zero to 23 on the outer surface. The pore density decreases. The inner part of membrane shows some nanometric size deformation in forms of new openings and raptures. The AFM analysis show differences in the PM morphology at the nanometric level, not previously revealed, which could be important in the evaluation of the PM.


Periodontitis being recognized as one of the complications of diabetes mellitus may induce or aggravate systemic problems. Hence a proper periodontal treatment can curb the sugar levels in diabetic patients. In this study, a programmed systematic longitudinal study has been conducted between January to December 2011 on the pilot basis to evaluate the effect of professional periodontal maintenance therapy on the serum levels of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes in Mauritius. The analytical results indicate that this therapy significantly helped in reducing the plaque index, probing depth and clinical loss of attachment. The reduction in the HbA1C levels were found to be statistically significant in patients who were subjected to this therapy in addition to home care maintenance as compared to the control group following only home care maintenance.


The invention relates to the technical fields of mobile phones, in particular to a mobile phone assembly, a mobile phone main component and a separable mobile phone. The mobile phone assembly which is separate from the mobile phone main component comprises a transparent display screen, a first transceiving module and a first power module; the transparent display screen is connected with the first transceiving module; the first transceiving module is in communication with mobile phone main component; the first power module is used for supplying power to the transparent display screen and the first transceiving module. The invention aims to provide the mobile phone assembly, the mobile phone main component and the mobile phone so as to improve a user experience degree.


On April 11, Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd. announced that it has succeeded in developing a reportedly high-quality and environmentally friendly recycled polypropylene (PP) material which can be used for the main exterior bodywork for motorcycles. The Company will begin using the new raw material with the main 2023 commuter models for ASEAN markets.


This article describes one university's approach to developing collaborative alliances within the university and between members of the university community and stakeholders in the community. As this five-year initiative moved from Phase 1, the internal component, to Phase 11, the external component, training was offered to members of funded project teams who worked on collaborative projects. Throughout the project, data were collected from teams and individual participants. A portion of this data is reported here.


Quantitative Differential, Thermal Analysis has been used in the wire and cable industry for determining the degree of oxidative stability of polyolefins for quality control purposes in lieu of a direct antioxidant analysis, However, it has never been shown whether the presence of each additive in a stabilizer package could be detected by this method. The results presented here indicate that the presence of a primary antioxidant and a copper inhibitor in combination can be detected separately by comparing the oxidative induction times in copper and aluminum pans. The addition of a thioester synergist such as distearyl thiodipropionate, DSTDP, is evidenced by an increased induction time in aluminum pans. However, the presence of DSTDP makes it impossible by this method to determine whether an effective level of copper inhibitor is present since the sample shows a reduced stability on copper compared to aluminum. One of two factors can be invoked to explain these results: a) DSTDP interferes with the complexing ability of the copper inhibitor or b) the copper-inhibitor complex retards the synergistic effect of the DSTDP. In either case, this factor is not important at lower temperatures since oxygen uptake data at 130°C indicate that DSTDP is an effective synergist in the presence of copper.


Radioactive carbon-14 monoxide produced by cosmic ray neutrons provides a useful tracer to deduce the residence time of carbon monoxide in the troposphere. From the steady-state equations for stable carbon monoxide and radioactive carbon monoxide, the production rate of stable carbon monoxide can also be derived. This rate is an order of magnitude greater than that estimated for CO sources such as the oceans, combustion, and chlorophyll decay. The oxidation of tropospheric methane initiated by hydroxyl radicals has been postulated to account for this predominant source of CO in nature. Estimates of the steady-state hydroxyl radical concentration in the troposphere are of sufficient magnitude to support this possibility. Furthermore, the hydroxyl radical can also provide the major removal mechanism for carbon monoxide by oxidation to CO 2 to maintain the carbon monoxide balance in nature. A critical review of the above theories is given, and some possibilities for experimental verification are discussed. The earlier computations are modified to refer to the northern troposphere in view of differences recently found for CO concentrations in the northern and southern troposphere. Observations of the stable isotope composition of methane, 12 CH 4 and 13 CH 4 , and of carbon monoxide, 12 C 16 O, 13 C 16 O, and 12 C 18 O are also of significance to the proposed theory for the carbon monoxide balance. These data will be reviewed and discussed in terms of kinetic isotope effects in the reaction sequence, CH 4 to CO to CO 2 . The results of this analysis of the stable CO isotope data will be shown to be consistent with the conclusions drawn from the analysis of the radiocarbon data. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1974.tb01957.x


In order to analyze the economics of user-side photovoltaic and energy storage system operation and promote the widespread promotion of photovoltaic energy storage system, this paper first analyzes the operation mode of user demanding response after PV and energy storage system configuration in the background of real-time electricity price in the spot market. Secondly, aiming at maximizing the operating revenue of the user's optical storage system, considering reducing electricity charges, online electricity sales, photovoltaic power generation subsidies, user-interruptible load incentive subsidies, energy storage charge subsidies, and establishing the objective function of the user electricity price demand response model, consider the power balance and battery operating conditions are constrained to establish the objective function of the model, and a complete optical storage user price demand response model is formed. Finally, based on the actual business user load data and other data research, call matlab's fmincon function to solve the model and analyze the user's daily income and investment recovery period after the different subsidy mechanism, the energy recovery cost is reduced.


Phylogenetic hypotheses for the large cosmopolitan genus Hypericum (St. John's wort) have previously been based on morphology, and molecular studies have thus far included only a few species. In this study, we used Eight taxa representing 2 sections of the genus Hypericum were analyzed along with one representatives of Thornea calcicola using nuclear internal transcribed spacer ITS and 28SrRNA sequences in order to assess the scope of phylogenetic relationships in this species-rich genus. The resulting parsimony analysis and Bayesian Inference corroborates the actual classification and interspecific affinities. The molecular data provide support for the monophyletic assemblage of the sections in both ITS and 28SrRNA regions trees shows four different clades with minimum changes between species location in both tree. We used Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian approach to reconstruct ancestral states of selected characters, which resulted in recognition of characters that support major clades within the genus Hypericum. The obtained results encourage the use of ITS and 28SrRNA sequence analysis in resolving the phylogenetic relationships within the member rich genus Hypericum. Our results differ somewhat from those of recent morphological and cytological studies. The phylogenetic relationships among Hypericum species have now been mostly resolved via 28SrRNA phylogeny.


In a prospective study of 2949 singleton pregnancies of whom one‐third were treated with folic acid, the maternal serum folate concentration was assayed at booking and at 30 weeks gestation. No association was found between a low serum folate level and abruptio placentae either in the index pregnancy or in previous pregnancies, and folic acid therapy did not reduce the incidence of abruptio placentae.


This paper describes the design and initial results of an L band dual polarized phased array antenna for the Argentine SARAT project. The dual polarized L band antenna consists on 24 short circuit annular slots in a 2/spl times/12 configuration. The antenna elements are fed using sequential rotation in order to improve the polarization purity and the port to port isolation of the whole antenna.


Modern mathematical physics could hardly be imagined without making substantial use of modern differential geometry. Writing down and solving appropriate differential equations which are meant to describe the spatial structure and timeevolution of some natural (physical, chemical, biological, etc.) system requires nowadays deep knowledge of most of the algebraic, topological and differential structures that have been developed during the last century and also those being under development now. It would be wrong to consider Mathematics as something abstract and away from reality; on the contrary, its basic concepts and methods of consideration and reasoning follow the appearances and interactions of the real physical world where we live. In fact, any real physical system has spatial structure, it shows definite stability properties, so, it can support its existence and compensate in definite degree the external disturbances through appropriate shape changes and kinematical behavior as a whole without losing identity. Shortly speaking, its time existence is a dynamical process being strongly connected with various and continuous internal and external energy-momentum exchange processes. All the knowledge we have about its existence is clarified and made appropriate to be used for predictions by finding and appropriately combine corresponding part of mathematical structures. As we know, a basic feature of mathematics is to introduce consistency among the structures used. This consistency of mathematical structures models the harmony among the main substructures, interactions among them and local and integral behavior that a given physical system shows. In my view the book under review is one of the best I know in this direction. Let us follow briefly its contents. It consists of 22 Chapters combined in 5 Parts. PART I consists of 3 chapters and 17 sections. Chapter 1 contains all necessary information about smooth distributions on manifolds: morphisms, integrability,


Abstract Make the set of all n-long words from a finite alphabet into a probability space with a Bernoulli distribution. The joint probability distribution for `independent' counts of subwords from a finite set usually satisfies a central limit theorem, with means and covariances growing asymptotically with n. This usually remains true even when we condition on the values of other word counts, including the possibility of excluding certain words entirely. A local limit theorem also often holds. Practical formulas are given for computing the parameters when there is no conditioning. Impractical formulas are given for the general case. We correct errata in Mood's covariance matrices for runs count statistics.


Purpose of this Study is to make clear a principal of community arts educator's need for learning and subject. We conducted a survey using a questionnaire form to 32 adult participants through the community arts project; Children's Arts Festival. The results show that most of all the participants want to feel children's imaginative spirit and freely feeling of expression first. They are the persons who have a special concern with children and arts. Most of them did not have a special training for arts education in teachers college. In the diversity of civilian daily life, community arts educators require a wider and deeper social perspective and a problem solving approach not only for pedagogy but for adult education, citizenship activity, management of nonprofit organization, and social venture business. Through the arts workshop, parents acquired communication skills it gave them a good understanding of children's feelings and emotions. To combine many talented participants is very important in community arts education. The ability to coordinate and produce a good harmony of participant's talents is required of a facilitator or director. The contemporary world consists of various multi-layered small communities. Peaceful coexistence and inclusive society construction requires mutual understanding and communication of children and adults. Community arts education requires diversity of learning subjects such as sensibility areas and participants' talents, and the ability of facilitators and directors to act as coordinators and producers.


The full wave method (FDTD) was used to analyse some fractal antennas. The computational results are in good agreement with the experiments for the Hilbert curve fractal antenna. The results show that fractal geometries can be implemented to miniaturize the antenna size compared to the normal antenna. Also the self-similar nature in the Sierpinski fractal geometry can be utilized for operating a fractal antenna at various frequencies. Furthermore, the far field patterns of the fractal antennas remain almost the same at their resonant frequencies.


The scale of psychological well-being arises from the multidimensional model proposed by Ryff (1989). Despite its wide use, its initial theoretical structure has not been completely confirmed because other factorial solutions which are different from those 6 dimensions proposed by the author have been found. These differences may be related to the type of sample and population used. Given this fact, the current study compares the adjustment factor of correction models traditionally used in different groups of adults. We describe the psychometric properties of the Spanish adaptation done by Diaz et al. (2006) and analyze the levels of reliability (internal consistency and temporal stability) and confirmatory factorial structure with data from 1,646 people aged from 18 to 90 years old. Differences are found in the indicators of reliability for the total scale and its dimensions as well as in the indicators of goodness of fit depending on the age group. The model that presents the best indicators of adjustment for most age ranges evaluated was the one of six first-order factors.


This paper presents a compensation technique for stable operation of capacitor-less low-dropout Regulator (LDO) circuits for System on Chip (SoC) applications and embedded systems. Based on the analysis of compensation methods using Miller capacitor and using capacitor in combination with feedback resistors, the paper proposes to combine these two compensation methods to achieve high phase margin (PM) and expand Gain-bandwidth (GBW). The combination of these two compensation techniques obtain both fast recovery time during load step and high Power supply rejection ratio (PSRR). The proposed LDO is implemented in a 180nm CMOS process. The simulation results demonstrate that the LDO has a short recovery time of 300ns and 500ns for load transient from 10µA to 100mA and vice versa, respectively. The PSRR at 1kHz, 100kHz and 10MHz are 58.5dB, 34.2dB and 5.8dB, respectively.


To conduct a benchmarking analysis of the physical wear out  of clothes and their actual period of using  for  identify the impact of "Fast Fashion"  on domestic consumer market as a factor of environmental pollution. Methods. A number of methods and means of scientifi c research have been used in work, such as analysis of information sources, sociological research, experimental research, statistical processing. Results and conclusions. In order to determine the average term of clothing use, a sociological survey of a target consumers group was conducted, which results analysis showed that the wardrobe of a modern woman of a younger age group is completely updated every two years. The duration of using has increased with age. Such trends are due to the "fast fashion" expansion, which leads to an increase environmental pollution. According to the results of experimental studies of clothes resistance for T-shirts and comparison of their values with normative, it was established that garments have a signifi cantly longer physical endurance resource. This was also confi rmed as a result of an analysis o f the wear out dynamics of clothing over the years. Therefore, to create the preconditions for the sustainable consumption of clothing, it is important to inform consumers about recommended lifetime for its. Scientifi c novelty. A benchmarking  analysis of the physical wear out  of clothes  and their  actual period of using, obtained by the results of a survey of the target consumer group. The obtained in this work results serve as a prerequisite for the development of methods for determining the durability of clothing based on the results of experimental research of wear resistance indicators. This work also makes a signifi cant contribution to the promotion of sustainable consumption of garment.


The noise generated by the interaction between a gust and an airfoil in a uniform flow is investigated. This problematic is of major industrial interest, regarding fans, turbomachinery, or wind turbine applications. A two‐dimensional symmetric Joukowski‐type airfoil is immersed without incidence in a flow at Mach number 0.5, disturbed by a harmonic gust at 45° of incidence (4th CAA Workshop on Benchmark Problems, 2004). Our methodology is first to perform a high‐order direct resolution of Euler's equations of the disturbed flow over the airfoil and the associated acoustic emission, which is taken as a reference simulation. Second, the near aerodynamic field is simulated with Fluent 6.3 solver based on finite volume method with second‐order schemes. The aerodynamic data thus obtained are used for far field acoustic prediction, based on Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings analogy. Finally, following another hybrid approach, the noise is predicted by using integral formulations with source field from the DNS. The a...


Abstract Background In India, most factors related to road traffic accident (RTA) causation and outcome go improperly documented, and database regarding RTA-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) seems inadequate. Two-wheeler drivers form the largest segment of people affected by RTA. The socioeconomic and neurologic burden, imposed by TBI due to RTAs (largely preventable), is overwhelmingly significant, especially for a developing country like India. Materials and Methods Descriptive study involving patients, presenting to the casualty of Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, was performed, and various demographic features were analyzed. Usage of helmet and history of alcohol intake were also noted. Patients were evaluated according to their presenting Glasgow coma scale (GCS), investigated and either operated or managed conservatively, and their outcome was assessed with Glasgow outcome score (GOS) at 3 months. Results Bike drivers formed the single largest proportion of RTA victims (53.7%). Proportion of helmet users was 17.9%, whereas 21.9% were found with history of alcohol intake. There was a consistent trend toward a favorable outcome in patients with no alcohol intake (17.08% deaths compared with 34.07% patients with alcohol intake) and with helmet usage (14.55% compared with 22.18% in patients without helmet). However, the absolute contribution of these factors cannot be inferred. Conclusion Various factors related to RTA need evaluation for pooling and compilation of data at regional and national levels. Mandatory helmet laws and strict implementation and provision of subsidized helmets (standard, full coverage) will go a long way in reducing the burden on limited health resources.


This article investigated about semiotic that found in instagram logo. This article used Instagram, because many people nowadays used Instagram to express theirselves.  The aim of this study is to find out the connotative and denotative meaning through the instagram. The researcher used John theory to reveal this study. In this research, the researcher applies the qualitative descriptive method. The method of collecting data is observation. The steps are choosing the logo that would be analyzed. The result is there are twelve data that has meaning from different logo on Instagram. They all have different functions based on the logo. The conclusion is Instagram as a social media app that allows users to share photos and videos, add captions, edit filters, engage with others, and explore the world by using this application.


Practical HVDC systems have superimposed AC or transients and the synergistic effect of these factors on polymer aging would be of interest. Although it is clear that partial discharges under AC stress will gradually degrade the insulation behavior of a polymeric material, there are not many publications detailing the effect of superimposed AC voltages on polymer performance in a HVDC power system. Assuming polypropylene (PP) is suitable for use as electrical insulation, this paper considers the behavior of PP under various voltage ratios and temperatures. Factors which cause the degradation of PP will be summarized and explained. To simulate the working condition, electro-thermal aging equipment will be used. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) measurement and dielectric spectroscopy measurement will be carried out before and after aging.


The signs are good for Queensland's uranium hopefuls that the state could one day host operating uranium mines again after a three-decade hiatus. So which companies could be first with successful new developments?


In human social life, political participation is considered essential for everyone and lack of women's political participation removes half of the society from acting in political arena. Given the complexity of political system and its ability to attract people's participation, it seems that this need is essential and participation from half of the population is required in order to maintain the Islamic government and preserve its legitimation. In this regard, a society should pay attention to the excellence of women route if it wants advancement. It this research, in order to investigate the effect of powerlessness on women's political participation in Bojnurd, 390 women (aged 18-65) were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. This research is a survey and uses questionnaire. The collected data are analyzed in descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of this research indicate that there is a correlation between the political powerlessness (variable) and political participation (dependent variable).


The National Drug Education and Prevention Forum heard that education programmes in schools are "inconsistent" and that some schools are still using "shock" tactics.


The productivity of watermelon depends on the efficiency of pollination, which, in natural condition, is made by bees. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of africanized bees (Apis mellifera L.) and irapua (Trigona spinipes Fabr.) on fructification and fruit quality of watermelon (cv. Crimson Sweet) produced in the city of Colonia do Piaui-PI. The experiment was conducted from September 7 to November 17, 2012, in the Santa Paz Farm, located in Colonia do Piaui-PI. The experimental design was completely randomized with six treatments and 35 repetitions. Of the total of 210 buds randomly selected 175 were bagged with tulle bags before anthesis, forming treatments: T1 (four visits), T2 (six visits), T3 (nine visits), T4 (twelve visits), T5 (fifteen visits) and 35 constituted the remaining buttons T6 (open pollinated). The results obtained in the biotic and abiotic conditions present in the experiment, have revealed that bee Trigona spinipes visited more flowers of watermelon than Apis mellifera, the largest fruit production occurred when there was no limitation on the number of visits (visitation free), The abiotic factors interfered with the visitation, the visiting time and consequently the production of fruits, visiting hours from 6 am to 8 hours resulted in higher fruit production.


Physical and numerical simulations of the flow of atmospheric boundary layers around a number of building configurations, with pollutant releases from them, are described. Attention is concentrated on the issues that face the numerical modeller; as well as some inferences are drawn about the likely degree of uncertainty in the use of computational fluid dynamics for such cases, by using comparisons between the results obtained using different modeling choices, and between these results and experimental data. It is demonstrated that decisions concerning the precise details of the turbulence model may often be less important than those concerning details of the specifications of boundary conditions, the mesh construction, and the numerical schemes used to solve the modeled equations. All these factors lead to inevitable uncertainty about the quantitative accuracy of the calculation. The degree of uncertainty depends greatly on the particular quantity of interest and may or may not be significant in a practical case.


We generalize the notion of pattern avoidance to arbitrary functions on ordered sets, and consider speciflcally three scenarios for permutations: linear, cyclic and hybrid, the flrst one corresponding to classical permutation avoidance. The cyclic modiflcation allows for circular shifts in the entries. Using two bijections, both ascribable to both Deutsch and Krattenthaler independently, we single out two geometrically signiflcant classes of Dyck paths that correspond to two instances of simultaneous avoidance in the purely linear case, and to two distinct patterns in the hybrid case: non-decreasing Dyck paths (flrst considered by Barcucci et al.), and Dyck paths with at most one long vertical or horizontal edge. We derive generating functions counting Dyck paths by their number of low and high peaks, and long horizontal and vertical edges. These give various results on statistics of 321-avoiding permutations, including the joint excedance-flxed points and descent-inverse descent distributions. In particular we give an explicit formula for the number of 321-avoiding permutations with precisely k descents, a problem brought up in the recent work of Reifegerste. In both the hybrid and purely cyclic scenarios, we deal with the avoidance enumeration problem for all patterns of length up to 4. Simple Dyck paths also have a connection to the purely cyclic case; here the orbit-counting lemma gives a formula involving the Euler totient function and leads us to consider an interesting subgroup of the symmetric group.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of service quality, trust and customer perceived value on customer loyalty in the Malaysia services sector. The research examines three factors of service quality, trust and perceived value by customers in the banking, insurance, and telecommunications industry. A quantitative approach was employed to measure the relationships between the variables of the study. Statistical tests included descriptive statistics, internal consistency, reliability, validity, correlation and regression were conducted to determine the relationship and to validate the study. The study found that there is positive relationship between service quality and trust, service quality and perceived value, trust and customer loyalty and perceived value and customer loyalty. Consequently, based on findings, service quality, trust and perceived value are considered to be antecedents of customer loyalty. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the School of Accountancy, College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia.


Purpose: This study intended to evaluate the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for the treatment of postoperative agony in patients who experienced stomach surgery. Methodology: A randomized study with 45 patients with a pain score > 3 on the visual analogue scale (VAS) were haphazardly allocated in three groups to receive modulated TENS, low TENS and placebo TENS 20 minutes for every session for 5 days postoperatively. Every day the patients got treatment 4 and 8 hourly. Pain was evaluated using a standard 11 point VAS before the application of TENS and followed by 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 post operative hours. Results: Modulated TENS group when compared with low TENS group shows that both the groups are equally effective in reducing pain (p=0.836). Whereas when modulated TENS and low TENS groups were compared to the placebo TENS group it was found that both the groups had a noteworthy lessening in postoperative pain (p=0.01). Conclusions: This study uncovered that modulated TENS as well as low TENS are a significant method of treatment to mitigate postoperative torment.


SummaryThe effects of x-radiation on nucleic acid and protein metabolism of rat thoracic-duct lymphocytes in vitro have been investigated. Only 3–4 per cent of the total thoracic-duct lymphocytes in vitro are synthesizing DNA at any given time. 2000 rads x-rays caused a 20–25 per cent depression of the rate of DNA synthesis but did not effect RNA or protein metabolism. The metabolism of formate by the lymphocytes in vitro has been studied, and evidence is presented to show that formate can be utilized for purine, amino acid and DNA-synthesis. The inhibition of DNA-synthesis by the lymphocytes in vitro was shown to be identical whether the cells were irradiated in vitro or in vivo.


This thesis presents an approach of integrating single board computers as an access point and as a short-range object localization system. This is achieved by using open hardware and implementing IEEE 802.11 a/g/p based transceiving on low-cost Adlam Pluto Software Defined Radio (SDR), which operates in the S-band frequency range with Frame Error Rate (FER) controlled calibration. Experiments are conducted to investigate the effect of FER on the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) of IEEE 802.11 a/g/p transceiving, there by drawing the connection between the RSSI and the FER. Object localization is done based on the referenced RSSI and the real-time RSSI with FER based controlled calibration of RSSI. About 80% of accuracy can be expected from the implemented object localization system.


Real-time simulators (RTS) have become the key tool for conducting closed-loop tests. Real-time simulation recreates the voltage and current output waveforms with the desired accuracy in a way that best matches the behavior of the real system. To achieve this goal, the simulator must solve the model equations in a one-time step. Same step times are the intervals at which the output signals from the simulator are generated. RTS is therefore a technique for simulating power system transients using a digital time-domain model solution. During the simulation, the tested protection device continuously receives the output signals from the simulator (analog and binary signals) and sends appropriate feedback (binary signals). This two-way connection (closed-loop system) implemented in real time adds to the growing popularity of real-time simulators in the field of testing protection devices. Real-time simulations can be divided into two categories [1]: – Fully digital simulations (real-time simulation) – Simulations cooperating with physical devices (hardwarein-the-loop, HIL) The real-time fully digital simulation requires the entire system (including the device under test) to be modeled inside the simulator and not involving an external analog/digital I/O interface. HIL simulation refers to the state where the entire test system is divided into: – RTS, optionally equipped with an analog signal amplifier and a circuit that adjusts the level of binary signals. – A device under test (DUT) or hardware under test (HUT) connected to the simulator through its input interface, such as an analog to a digital converter.


AbstractA standard qualitative assay for glue in paper (TAPPI T 504 om-84) was adapted for use as a semiquantitative colorimetric procedure to determine changes in the amount of gelatin size due to treatments. The modified method is described in detail. Cellulose, alum, and proteins that do not contain hydroxyproline do not interfere with this assay. It has been used to document changes in the gelatin content of modem rag papers due to washing, aqueous light bleaching, and enzyme treatment. The results indicate that a significant fraction of the gelatin size is removed by immersion of the papers in Mg(HCO3)2 bathing solution at room temperature. Paper conservators may want to consider this phenomenon as a factor when they plan aqueous treatments for paper-based objects.


Depend on the peculiarity of labor's property,trade unions protect workers' usufruct through negotiate.I assay several wage theories and probing the protecting manner of trade unions,probing the existing problem in this mode.


In production of aluminum there is steering operation needed for chemical composition and temperature field homogenization in bath volume. All stages of alloy production could employ magnetohydrodynamics, that is a technology based on interaction of liquid metal with electromagnetic field. Presented paper shows results of numerical simulation, made in ANSYS, of rotating magnetic field of permanent magnets effect on speed aluminum melt.


The present article examines different forms of presentation of training materials in the visualization of technological processes. As example instruction for measuring the parameters of receiving microwave modules was used. The development of text instruction, graphic instruction, multimedia video (using virtual models of devices developed in specialized software), an interactive multimedia video and an interactive simulator are described. The article describes the stages and features of the development of each type of materials. Screenshots of the practical implementation of each type of instruction are presented. People, depending on the characteristics of the perception of information, are divided into three types: visuals, audials and kinesthetics. Particular attention in this article is paid to the effectiveness of the use of each type of training material for people with a specific type of information perception. The article provides a comparative analysis of training instructions for the duration of development.


Immunotherapy is revolutionizing the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) monoclonal antibod-ies have recently led to significant and durable improvements in the clinical outcome of NSCLC, and the anti-PD-1 antibody has been approved to use in first-line and second-line treatment of NSCLC. However, there are still many problems to be solved. The role of PD-L1 as a predictive biomarker remains unclear. Combination treatment models are being explored. This review summarizes the clinical efficacy, drug adverse reaction, combined treatment, and potential immune biomarkers of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody research progress in the treatment of NSCLC.

Key words:
Membrane glycoproteins/TU; Antibodies, monoclonal/TU; Carcinoma, non-small-cell lung/TH; Immunotherapy; Review


The Keynesian theory states that economic growth is positively affected by government spending, while Classical theory states that economic growth is negatively affected by government spending, as is stated by neoclassical public choice theorists (Nyasha & Odhiambo, 2019). Based on these theories, many authors have carried out research on the impact of economic freedom on economic growth by analyzing various empirical cases. Bergh and Karlsson (2010) with the findings from his paper confirmed that the countries with the highest government size have an elevated growth in the globalization index of KOF and the Fraser Institute's economic freedom index. The main aim of this paper is to analyze the government size impact on the growth of the economy in the Western Balkan in the time period 2000–2017 according to Fraser Institute's data, incorporating the following econometric models: fixed and random effects, pooled ordinary least squares (OLS), and Hausman-Taylor IV. With these models, this paper analyzes a government size and its components: government enterprises and investment, government consumption, transfers, and subsidies. The results illustrate a relationship between the size of the government and the growth of the economy in the Western Balkans that is positive. 1% increase in government size affects 0.29% gross domestic product (GDP) growth per capita. According to the Hausman-Taylor instrumental variable, 1% growth of government consumption is affected by 0.69% the decline in GDP per capita. The growth rate of transfers and subsidies affects 0.17% of GDP growth per capita and 1% of government enterprises and investment affects 0.54% GDP growth per capita.


RESUMEN: El au tor ex pli ca la his to ria ge ne ral y na cio nal de los de re chos de los con su mi do res, con la con si de ra cion de los de re chos re la cio na dos que bus can pro te ger se cuan do se atien de es ta ra ma de la nor ma ti vi dad; la le ga li dad y re gu la cion de al gu nos ac tos co mer cia les es pe ci fi cos, y los pro ce di mien tos dis po ni bles en es ta ma te ria. ABSTRACT: The au thor ex plains the general and na tional his tory of con sumer rights; with a con sid er ation of re lated rights for which pro tec tion is sought when deal ing with this branch of the law; the le gal ity and reg u la tion of cer tain spe cific com mer cial acts; and, the avail able pro ce dures in this mat ter.


This paper discusses the vibration test system and the excess vibration in high frequency region in component vibration test. The six primary factors, including input qualifications (reference spectrum), control parameters, test fixtures, fix modes, the position of the control point and the self-vibration frequency, are found to be responsible for the excess vibration. Some relevant methods are suggested in this respect.


Study Objective. To present a case of a pregnant woman with gastric cancer (GC); to focus on diagnostic search and treatment strategy. Key Points. A 22-year old patient(N.) was diagnosed with GC сT3NxM0 G3, HER-2/neu negative at gestation week 33 2/7. Taking into account GC (colloid morphologic variant), duration of gestation guaranteeing viable foetus, it was decided to perform caesarean section. On day 5 postpartum, the patient was transferred to the oncology centre for treatment and induction (preoperative) polychemotherapy. The patient underwent twocycles of chemotherapy(standard FLOT regimen) with partial regression. Then, extended gastrectomywith lymph node dissection D2 was undertaken, followed by three cycles of postoperative chemotherapy using the same regimen. Conclusion. Management approach for pregnant patients with cancer should be multidisciplinary, involving obstetrician/ gynaecologist and oncologist who possess adequate clinical experience and state-of-art knowledge. It will allow to timely define the therapy strategy, time and type of delivery, taking into account duration of gestation, disease state and minimisation of risks for mother and foetus.


A Commentary on Closed Loop Supply Chains Mark Ferguson and Gilvan Souza STRATEGIC CONSIDERATIONS Strategic Issues in Closed Loop Supply Chains with Remanufacturing Mark Ferguson Environmental Legislation Regarding Product Take-back and Recovery Atalay Atasu and Luk van Wassenhove Product Design Issues Bert Bras TACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS Designing the Reverse Logistics Network Necati Aras, Tamer Boyaci, and Vedat Verter Product Acquisition, Grading, and Disposition Decisions Moritz Fleischmann, Michael Galbreth, and George Tagaras Production Planning in Remanufacturing Gilvan Souza Analyzing the Market for Remanufactured Products Ravi Subramanian INDUSTRY CHARACTERISTICS AND CASE STUDIES Examples of Existing Profitable Practices in Product Take-back and Recovery Mark Ferguson, Gilvan Souza, and Beril Toktay Reuse and Recycling in the Movie Industry Charles Corbett Reverse Supply Chain in Hospitals: Lessons from Three Case Studies in Montreal Rajesh Tyagi, Stephan Vachon, Sylvain Landry, and Martin Beaulieu INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH ON CLOSED LOOP SUPPLY CHAINS Interdisciplinarity in Closed-Loop Supply Chain Management Research Vishal Agrawal and Beril Toktay Empirical Studies in Closed-loop Supply Chains: Can We Build a Greener Mousetrap? Stephan Vachon and Robert Klassen Conclusion and Future Research Directions Mark Ferguson and Gilvan Souza


This study examines the associations between sociodemographic and family environment factors, and adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems in a socioeconomically disadvantaged community in the northeastern state of Bahia, Brazil. Three-hundred and forty-four adolescents, age 11 to 18 (mean age = 13.6 years) responded to a school-based survey that assessed sociodemographic indicators of risk (e.g., race, parental marital status, parental education, parental employment), intrinsic religiosity, family conflict, and family cohesion. Results indicate that high family cohesion and low family conflict are associated with lower risk for probable internalizing and externalizing disorders among girls but not boys. This gender difference is particularly important as it suggests that mechanisms of risk and protection vary for boys and girls. These findings shed light on risk factors in adolescence in the context of vast socioeconomic disparity found in Brazil.


The article explores Central Asia as a global region in an attempt to explain its dramatic reversal of fortune from a world core to a forgotten cul-de- sac to its current, partially global status. It briefly recounts Central Asia's "spatially central" situation during the Silk Road centuries, the Islamic Golden Age, and the Mongol Empire, before moving to an investigation of the region's functional "disappearance" in world affairs during the Early Modern Period. Using geopolitical and cartographic analysis of Central Asia as an increasingly relevant world region, the article then focuses on the Russo-British "Great Game," followed by an analysis of the region's "cocooned globality" during the Soviet era. Lastly, the article analyzes the "opening" of Central Asia after 1991 and how the events of 11 September 2001 and the region's petro-wealth have put it "back on the map" and provided the region with a measurable level of globality.