A number of studies investigating the chronology of D N A synthesis in human chromosomes have indicated a degree of asynchrony among the members of the complement. The most striking asynchrony of D N A synthesis demonstrated within pairs of human chromosomes is the late replication of one of the X chromosomes shown by pulse labeling with tritiated thymidine in cultures of leucocytes (3, 4, 7, 8). Morishima et al. (8), have presented evidence that this late replicating X chromosome is the same chromosome which produces the sex chromatin body in interphase somatic nuclei of females. Their study covered the late S phase and did not determine whether the asynchrony occurred also at the beginning of replication of these chromosomes in the early S phase. In order to observe chromosomal synchrony or asynchrony in early S phase, it was useful to have a greater degree of synchrony of cell division than ordinarily is found in cultures of human leucocytes, and to know when a large number of cells in a culture could be labeled for autoradiography of the very beginning of D N A synthesis. It is known that aminopterin, a folic acid analog, acts as an antagonist of tetrahydrofolic acid in the biosynthesis of thymidylic acid, and thus inhibits D N A synthesis and subsequent mitosis (5). In the present study, using leucocytes from normal human females, the degree of parasynchrony of D N A synthesis in the culture was enhanced by a period of aminopterin inhibition followed by simultaneous release from inhibition and pulse labeling of D N A with tritiated thymidine in what is presumed to be, for most of the cells, the early S phase. A period of incubation allowed cells thus labeled to complete the S phase and G~ phase and proceed into mitosis. A high proportion of metaphases of such cells was found to have all chromosomes labeled except one, which by size and morphology was found to be in the 6 12 + X group (2), and is presumed to be the heteropycnotic X chromosome.


1Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, and Departments of 2Nuclear Medicine and 3Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Health Technology Assessment, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, 4Department of Surgical Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Medisch Centrum, and 5Department of Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 6Department of Surgery, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, and Departments of 7Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation and 8Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Correspondence to: Dr B. Wiering, Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands (e-mail: email@example.com)


This power plant adopts a triple-flash system. The steam turbine and generator are rotated with the steam with three different pressures (high, intermediate and low) to generate electricity. The exhaust of the high pressure (HP) turbine which uses HP steam flows to the heat recovery system with the higher pressure than the atmospheric pressure. The exhaust of the intermediate and low pressure (ILP) turbine which uses intermediate and low pressure steam flows to the condenser. This turbine system is tandem by coupling these two turbines to a single shaft.


The article examines the main problems of the application of modern international humanitarian law (the law of armed conflicts) in the political aspect arising from the changing nature of wars. Due to significant gaps in the current legislation in the realities of modern wars, there is no effective mechanism for protecting civilians, political risks constantly arise that affect the system of diplomatic relations. The possibilities of international criminal courts are limited, because not all war crimes can be called to account. The extremely important principle of distinguishing combatants from the civilian population involved in an interstate or internal military conflict is not always respected.


LPG has been an essential part of every Filipino household because of its application for cooking. For years to come, demand for LPG in the Philippines, particularly in Luzon, is expected to continuously increase. This study aimed to derive the influence of branding to customer preference of Filipino LPG-user households by utilizing conjoint analysis. The study considered a total of 7 attributes, namely brand, price, free installation service, delivery time, tank appearance, regulator type and weight. The study found that brand was the most important factor for consumers. It was followed by tank appearance, price, free installation service, regulator type, delivery time, and weight. The results can help in developing marketing plans for LPG retailers to improve their appeal to customers and ultimately increase their market share.


(1990). Anorexia Nervosa: The Female Body as a Site of Gender and Class Transition. Rethinking Marxism: Vol. 3, No. 3-4, pp. 79-99.


We study the almost surely asymptotic stability of exact solutions to neutral stochastic pantograph equations (NSPEs), and sufficient conditions are obtained. Based on these sufficient conditions, we show that the backward Euler method (BEM) with variable stepsize can preserve the almost surely asymptotic stability. Numerical examples are demonstrated for illustration.


Abstract This article examines English prisons in the light of debates among historians about centralisation in the nineteenth century. The author argues that central state influence over prisons grew substantially from the 1830s onwards and that this was in line with the general view of administrative change advanced by such diverse writers as David Roberts and Philip Corrigan. However, the establishment of a central command structure under the 1877 Prisons Act was an extreme outcome which can only in part be explained by reference to general trends between 1820 and 1877. The takeover was also the result of manoeuvres by highly placed civil servants, intense pressure from particular interest groups, and guarantees given by the Conservative Party leadership to such groups.


Tracking studies of transition crossing in the Main Injector have shown that the Johnsen effect is the dominant cause of beam loss and emittance blow up. To suppress this effect one has to have control over a, (dispersion of the momentum compaction factor ol). Various yr jump configurations are examined and the resulting changes in a, are assessed. These results are further validated by comparison between the simulation and simple analytic or-formulas derived for a model FODO lattice with full chromaticity compensation in the presence of an eddy current sextupole component. A scheme involving the introduction of a dispersion wave in the arcs of the Main Injector, around transition time, seems to be promising if one regards the strength of the eddy current sextupole family as an external "knob" to control values of a,.


The objective of this project was to evaluate low-cost measures to reduce speeds on high-crash horizontal curves. The researchers evaluated two low-cost treatments in Iowa to determine their effectiveness in reducing speeds on rural two-lane roadways. This report summarizes how the research team selected sites and collected data, and the results. The team selected six sites. Retroreflective post treatments were added to existing chevrons at four sites and on-pavement curve markings were added at two sites. The researchers collected speed data before and after installation of the two treatments. The study compared several speed metrics to assess the effectiveness of the treatments. Overall, both were moderately effective in reducing speeds. The most significant impact of the treatments was in reducing the percentage of vehicles traveling over the posted or advisory speed by 5, 10, 15, or 20 or more mph. This result suggests that the treatments are most effective in reducing high-end speeds.


IkerGazte's 3rd edition was recently held in Baiona and 23 articles out of the 104 that were accepted were related to health sciences. Researchers in this area are among those who contribute to the normalization of Basque in the healthcare system. Osagaiz too joined IkerGazte: those who were awarded in the health sciences will get their work published in the journal.


Abstract Pb(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 (PZT) thin films on PbTiO3/Si(100) substrates were prepared from lead acetate trihydrate [Pb(CH3COO)2.3H2O], zirconium nitrate pentahydrate [Zr(NO3)4.5H2O] and titanium butoxide [Ti(OC4H9)4] by using chemical solution decomposition (CSD) technique. Using a modified precursor solution and rapid thermal annealing (RTA) process, it was possible to obtain highly (110) oriented PZT thin films with high perovskite content at a low annealing temperature of 500°C. The influences of annealing temperature and time on leakage current density were investigated. The dielectric constant and dissipation factor at a frequency of 50KHz were 234 and 0.026, respectively.


Taking the partitive use of מן as its starting point, this article follows two lines of investigation: one is the distinction between the partitive value of מן and other values of this preposition, the other is the distinction between partitive מן and partitive ב־. The ב־ / מן interchange is considered both from a diachronic point of view, adducing evidence from other Northwest Semitic languages, and from a synchronic standpoint.


As the numbers of cancer survivors grow, community-based primary care physicians are playing a larger role in their care. The goal of this pilot study was to begin to identify the problems and challenges faced by primary care physicians who treat patients with cancer histories. A mail survey was undertaken of 141 community-based primary care physicians in the Southeastern US that addressed physician characteristics, numbers and types of cancer patients treated, problems faced by these patients and challenges physicians face when caring for these patients. These physicians reported that on average 10% of their primary care patients had a history of cancer. The most frequent types of cancers seen by these physicians were skin, breast and prostate cancer, but there was a broad range of other cancers seen in their practices. They reported that patients and family members' fears and emotional problems were frequently encountered problems. Side-effects of cancer and its treatments and limited access to supportive care services were also reported as frequent problems for the cancer patients they treated. The most challenging aspect of caring for patients with cancer histories they reported was promoting cancer-related risk reduction behaviours. Primary care physicians play a large and important role in the care of cancer survivors. They encounter a number of problems when providing this care, including patient fears and access to supportive care. These findings may be used to guide educational and policy initiatives aimed at improving the care of cancer survivors.


Single-phase natural circulation is of interest in various energy systems, including solar heaters, nuclear reactors, geothermal power production, engine and computer cooling. The present paper deals with an experimental study on the influence of pressure drops on the behavior of a single-phase natural circulation loop. At DITEC two rectangular loops have been constructed and operated, differing in the inner diameter of the tubes and other geometric dimensions, but maintaining the same length/diameter ratio. In this paper the experimental results obtained using the larger loop are reported. Several series of tests have been already carried out in this loop, utilizing smooth pipes and varying the input power from 500 to 3400 W. The loop exhibited unstable behavior; hence, to stabilize it, two localized pressure drops (orifices of different diameters) were located in the vertical legs. The experimental data are analyzed and compared with results for smooth pipes, demonstrating the stabilizing effect of the pressure drops on the overall behavior of the loop.


Statement of the problem. In this article, we consider the updated content of the work of a speech therapist from the point of view of the formation of sign and symbolic educational actions. The purpose of the article is to justify the need for the formation of sign and symbolic educational actions in the classroom of a speech therapist.
The research methodology implies the analysis and synthesis of research works by international and Russian scientists recognized by the scientific community.
Research results. Special features of the formation of sign and symbolic educational actions are disclosed among students with a general underdevelopment of speech of the 3rd level who took part in the experiment, namely: difficulties in translating an oral utterance into written form, the presence of specific errors in language analysis and synthesis in written works: continuous spelling of words, separate spelling of parts of words, skipping letters and syllables, adding extra letters and syllables, rearranging letters; poor formation of the ability to perform linguistic analysis by ear in special tests, difficulties in compiling a sound scheme of a word and a sentence scheme; difficulty in modifying words; the need to differentiate the level of complexity of the written assignment (by ear, with visual support) and the need for adult assistance in the form of tips and training
Conclusion. The problems identified by the authors of the article for the formation of sign and symbolic learning actions when learning writing skills can be used by practicing speech therapists when developing work programs, in working with students with general underdevelopment of speech of the 3rd level.


We studied the influence of inhibitor of JNK MAP-kinase SP 600125 on the collagen synthesis at the model of musculocutaneous wounds. The experiment was conducted on 36 Wistar rats. It was revealed that local suppression of JNK MAP-kinase activity by selective inhibitor SP 600125 considerably affects morphologic characteristics of forming cicatrice in musculocutaneous wounds and causes significantl


Management of chylothorax after repair of late presenting congenital diaphragmatic hernia is debatable. Conservative management in the form of close monitoring of chylous output with nutritional support appears convincing to surgery.


Australia is investigating the possibility of a High Speed Rail (HSR) system. A full BrisbaneMelbourne solution is estimated to cost about 114 billion Australian dollars. While it has been estimated that it could be capable of being self-funding in the operating phase, this excludes financing the massive initial capital outlay. Assembling financing mechanisms for large public infrastructure projects poses many complexities, with multiple financing alternatives, various economic, social and environmental factors, as well as a range of stakeholders with different and sometimes conflicting objectives to consider. There is a clear need for a consistent and multidimensional framework for selecting the optimal financing solution. Although there are well-recognised methods for establishing the economic case for public infrastructure projects, together with the optimal mix of public and private delivery, these processes are less well developed when it comes to the appraisal of financing methods. This paper forms part of the literature review of ongoing PhD research. It presents a case study of European HSR systems, with particular attention paid to the France, which was a pioneer not only in developing the first HSR system in France, but also experimented with a range of financing models, including the world's first public–private partnership HSR financing models. From this we hope to extract key lessons that may inform a potential Australian project.


Secure outsourcing of computation on sensitive data is an important topic that has received a lot of attention recently. E-Voting system is interested in method collaboration system to ameliorate the quality of System. Cloud computing is integrating in communication and information technologies in the E-Voting. In fact, the paradigm is to provide the computational resources or result at the end of the services. Further it needs to reveal the voting information result but if faces several challenges in the security it must be overcome without reveal any sensitive data to unauthorized parties. To accomplish this objective, we proposed secure multiparty computation techniques (SMC). The main aim of our work is to use the suitable model for parties to together compute their function based on their inputs without revealing their private inputs. The idea behind is the several collaborate system use to their shared objectives without allow any gathering to information and private information.


The general objective of this ~tudy was to reVIew the findings of the sedimentation study that was conducted as part of the Sungai Sarawak Environmental Control and River Management Study, 1997. One of the crucial problems related to the performance of reservoirs such as the Sungai Sarawak Barrage impoundment is the progressive reduction in storage capacity due to sedimentation. Reservoir sedimentation raises flood plain levels reducing its effectiveness for flood mitigation purposes. The primary study area was the river section beginning from Henderson Point (near Ban Hock Wharf) to the Sungai Sarawak Barrage further downstream. Channel cross-section and longitudinal profiles were generated through manual profiling using navigation charts. Subsequently, comparative analyses of the profiling results were done using traditional methods. Comparisons between actual and simulated levels were conducted. The effectiveness of barrage operation from a sediment re-suspension aspect was roughly gauged by comparing turbidity measurements taken prior to and during barrage gate operation. The assessment ofcross sectional profiles conducted in this study suggests that most sections of the river reach in question were deeper and wider. This indicates that the river reach from Henderson Point to Sungai Sarawak Barrage has not been affected by impoundment sedimentation in any detrimental manner. The increase in total suspended solids level during gate operation as opposed to levels prior to operation was quite appreciable. It is reasonable to assume that the turbulence created during gate operations is sufficient to re-suspend some of the settled sediment
particles and effectively transport the pa:rticles out of the impoundment. Generally, the impoundment sedimentation upstream of the Sungai Sarawak is not significant due to regmar gate operation.


The objective of this work is to study the known Artificial Neural Network structure (Single layer and Multilayer). Following the work of Zhao Jia_Li, Luo Si-Wei, han Zhen (2000), and Ojo (1998), that designed a new Multilayer perceptIOn MLP that works better than the standard backprop called delta algorithm, this project designed a new learning function that is self adaptive in nature. The existing algorithm was implemented using this new learning function that improves the speed of convergence of Artificial Neural Network using back propagation.


A 1.25 Gbps 60 GHz-band full duplex wireless Gigabit Ethernet link has been developed. Direct ASK modulation and demodulation scheme is adopted for the 60 GHz-band transceiver. CPW MMIC's and planar filters are flip-chip mounted in TX and RX LTCC MCM's. The wireless Gigabit Ethernet link has the function of converting an optical fiber link to a wireless link seamlessly combining a 60 GHz-band transceiver with a 1000Base-SX optical in/out module. The size is 159/spl times/97/spl times/44 mm/sup 3/.


The effects of working conditions on employees have been examined for a long time in numerous studies on work-life, and these conditions are still necessary today due to intensive and long-term work. For a sample of 196 employees of a food retailing business in Ankara, this study examines the effect of working conditions on employee turnover intention and the mediating effect of employee burnout in this relation,. According to the findings obtained from the survey study, the conditions requiring intense physical effort dimension of the working conditions affect both burnout and the intention to leave. Besides, it has been determined that non-ergonomic conditions and monotonous work dimensions positively affect the employees' turnover intention. The mediating effect of burnout levels was not found in the relationship between employees' perceptions of working conditions and their intention to leave.


A characteristic, reversible metastability is observed for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films and ZnO/CdS/Cu(In,Ga)Se2 heterojunctions. Annealing at 80 °C leads to a decrease of the dark conductivity of the thin films by up to a factor of 2 at room temperature and several orders of magnitude when measured at lower temperatures. By exposure to light, the initial state can be re-established. This reenhancement of the dark conductivity can be looked at as persistent photoconductivity. Admittance measurements at Cu(In,Ga)Se2 heterojunction solar cells display a reversible shift of the activation energy of a distinct dielectric loss peak ranging from 70 to about 160 meV upon illumination or annealing at 80 °C, respectively. We propose that both phenomena as well as commonly observed light-soaking effects of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells have a common origin.


The pressure broadening coefficient for the I(2P1/2→2P3/2) transition by O2 has been measured using a high resolution Fabry‐Perot scanning interferometer. Spontaneous emission from a microwave excited mixture of oxygen and iodine was spectrally resolved using the center spot scanning technique. The broadening coefficient was measured at O2 pressures of 1–10 Torr and found to be 7.5±1.5 MHz/Torr at 300 K.


Remorse, forgiveness and reconciliation are three most inevitable and essential steps to peace. There can be no peace without remorse, forgiveness and reconciliation. The offender must be remorseful so as to elicit forgiveness in the offended and for reconciliation to exist between them. An offender must not pretend as if nothing happened. He must make the offended to drop his anger and release him, hence, peace and ability to make sacrifices that could be acceptable to God. Jesus did not come to abolish the Law or the Prophets, instead, he came to fulfill them (Matt 5:17). What Jesus actually meant by this fulfillment is the observance of the Spirit of the Law and not just the mere observance of the letters of the Law. One of the Laws that makes up the Decalogue says, "you shall not kill!" (Matt 5:21). Jesus expounded this Law to mean more than killing somebody physically. It involves also anything that might lead to some one's death either directly or indirectly. Such indirect killings include angry behaviour, and indeed any form of altercation. To emphasize this point he restrained his followers from worships/sacrifices when they are not at peace with their neighbours (Matt 5:21-26). The purpose of this article is to establish that sacrifices and offerings or worships done without reconciliation is hypocritical and God abhors such. The implication is that many of our worships are not acceptable to God because of lack of reconciliation or harmony between worshippers. The method to employ here is Library research which includes exegesis of Matt 5:21-26 from which we shall draw inference. This article argues that if the content of Matt 5:21-26 is properly understood and practiced by present day Christians in the world ; reconciliation and by implication peace would be easily achieved in the whole world. Then, majority of our sacrifices will be validly and adequately made through our conscious efforts. This article is relevant to every member of every Christian community because many of the present day Christians are not in harmony with one another yet they make sacrifices to God every Sunday and indeed every day. This is to the extent that majority of worshippers harbour anger for a very long time yet they make sacrifices (Eph 4:26-27). Hence majority will make amend .


Landscape is prevalently presented in early poetry of Seamus Heaney in the forms of landscape of natural ecology, farm practices and place-names. The landscape description is not only a way of nostalgia for the disappearing Irish natural scenes, but also contributes to deal with writer's relationship with homeland and home culture, expressing his ambivalent feeling of being allied as well as alienated toward native traditional culture. Meanwhile, the landscape description is poetic transcendence as well as a retreat for Heaney to reconcile conflicts and keep a proper balance between artistic freedom and social responsibility.


Through the experiment on test condition,a new method was established to detect the uranium in the liquor of acid leaching for uranium ores by portable radon counter.The application ideal was proposed to detect uranium in field geologic work,and to develop the on-line monitoring system for uranium milling.


.................................................................................................... 3 Introduction .............................................................................................. 5 Conceptual Frameworks ......................................................................... 9 Policy Formulation Framework ................................................................................................................ 9 Political Strategies Typologies ............................................................................................................... 10 Methods ................................................................................................... 11 Data Analysis .......................................................................................... 13 Ensuring Rigour ..................................................................................... 14 Results ..................................................................................................... 15 Generation of policy alternatives ............................................................................................................ 15 Deliberation and/or consultation and lobbying for specific alternatives ................................................ 17 Advocacy for specific alternatives .......................................................................................................... 21 Negotiations for specific alternatives ...................................................................................................... 25 Drafting or enactment of policy .............................................................................................................. 26 Discussion ............................................................................................... 29 Competing values and shared values ...................................................................................................... 29 Intra-governmental jostling ..................................................................................................................... 32 Stakeholder consultation in democratic policy making .......................................................................... 33 Battle for evidence .................................................................................................................................. 35 Limitations .............................................................................................. 37 Conclusion .............................................................................................. 38 References ............................................................................................... 39


Purpose – This paper aims at improving the service‐oriented IT management by adopting relevant business continuity planning processes for service impact analysis in handling resource event. The paper also proposes a framework for implementation.Design/methodology/approach – A framework was developed from the study of literatures in IT service management and business continuity management. It was implemented to a real IT operations environment to evaluate its effects and benefits.Findings – Many organisations in the IT service industry drive the service‐oriented IT management rapidly in the region. For fault management and service continuity management, one relies heavily on the experience of experts in handling the event for realising the relationships between service and resource. Knowledge retention and information base for service management are the new challenges in the area of service management.Research limitations/implications – Further optimisation and ongoing maintenance works are required to ref...


Sir, Acinetobacter spp., especially Acinetobacter baumannii, are common opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised patients and currently cause 10% of nosocomial infections in intensive care unit patients. They tend to be resistant to multiple antibiotics and to produce cephalosporinases. Indeed, hyperproduction of cephalosporinases, together with decreased outer membrane permeability, are the predominant mechanisms of resistance to ceftazidime amongst A. baumannii isolates. Most extended-spectrum -lactamases (ESBLs) are the result of mutations that alter the hydrolytic properties of the restricted spectrum penicillinases, TEM-1 and -2 and SHV-1. These enzymes are principally mediated by plasmids which spread readily amongst Enterobacteriaceae and their presence is detected by the demonstration of synergy between clavulanic acid, which inhibits the lactamase, and a third-generation cephalosporin (most effectively ceftazidime) with the double-disc diffusion test. In the course of routinely assessing all ceftazidime-resistant Acinetobacter spp. isolates by the double-disc diffusion test, we identified a strain of A. baumannii (Ama-1) exhibiting only slight synergy that was most evident when the ceftazidime disc was placed 2 cm from the clavulanic acid disc. The MICs of amoxycillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin, ceftazidime and imipenem for the isolate were determined by the agar dilution method according to recommendations of a working party of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. Ama-1 was resistant to all of the -lactams tested, with the exception of imipenem. In the presence of clavulanic acid at a fixed concentration of 2 mg/L, the MIC of ticarcillin was reduced from 512 mg/L to 256 mg/L and that of ceftazidime from 512 mg/L to 128 mg/L. Similarly, in the presence of sulbactam at a concentration of 4 mg/L, the MIC of ceftazidime fell from 512 mg/L to 256 mg/L. The activity of any -lactamase(s) produced by this isolate is therefore inhibited only minimally by either -lactamase inhibitor. In an attempt to determine the molecular basis of this resistance phenotype, we assayed for a putative ESBL gene by PCR analysis with TEM-specific primers (5 -GTATGGATCCTCAACATTTCCGTGTCG-3 and 5 -ACCAAAGCTTAATCAGTGAGGCA-3 ) and SHVspecific primers (5 -TTATCTCCCTGTTAGCCACC-3 and 5 -GATTTGCTGATTTCGCCG-3 ). Neither gene was demonstrated. However, primers used to detect the gene for the ESBL, PER-1 (5 -ATGAATGTCATTATAAAAGC-3 and 5 -AATTTGGGCTTAGGGCAGAA-3 ), yielded a 925 bp PCR product. The sequence analysis of this product revealed total identity with blaPER-1 which was originally detected in a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A survey recently carried out in Turkey showed that 46% of Acinetobacter spp. hospital isolates possessed PER1-type -lactamases. In this study, attempts to demonstrate plasmid carriage of blaPER-1 in Ama-1 and to transfer the ESBL resistance phenotype from Ama-1 to Escherichia coli DH10B by mating-out assays and by electroporation (electrotransformation) were unsuccessful. Ama-1 was isolated following culture of a rectal swab obtained from a 90 year old female patient on the intensive care unit. She had previously been admitted to two other hospitals in Paris but, to the best of our knowledge, had not travelled to Turkey, nor had she been in contact with either Turkish patients or travellers to Turkey. PER-1-positive A. baumannii strains were not isolated from the rectal swabs of 16 other patients on the intensive care unit at the same time as the patient from whom Ama-1 was recovered. Moreover, comparison of ApaI-digested genomic DNA extracted from Ama-1 with DNA from four randomly selected PER-1-type -lactamase-positive and one PER1-type -lactamase-negative A. baumannii strains from Turkey by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed different restriction patterns (Figure). Thus, the French isolate was not clonally related to the Turkish strains. This is the first report from outside Turkey of the detection of an ESBL in an Acinetobacter spp. clinical isolate. We believe that it is also the first description of the sequencing-based identification of an ESBL gene in an


The aim of this research was to compare athlete and non-athlete blind girls' physical self-concept. The method of this study was causal-descriptive, and the statistical population consisted of all athletes and non- athlete blind girls who referred to the Blind Society of Tehran in 2012(1390s.c).From all blind athlete girls 45 completed the questionnaire and 63 non-athlete blind girls with mean age of 20± 6.54 were randomly selected. The research instrument was Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ) (Marsh et al., 1994). The results of analysis of variance by spss-18 indicated that there are significant differences between the athlete and non- athlete blind girls in the subscales of coordination (P<0.007), health (P<0.028), physical activity (P<0.001), strength (P<0.014), endurance (P<0.022), sport competency (P<0.001) and general self- concept (P<0.001). In all components, except health and physical fat that have been recorded reversely, athlete group had a higher mean. According to the results, it can be concluded that sport and physical activity can increase physical self-concept of female blind population.


Summary Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate Balanced Scorecard by listing claims made by its authors and counterclaims made by other scholars/authors; to justify further research for answering the question ''how to measure'' in a broad manner; and to justify further research in ''dynamic performance measurement systems for global organisations''. Design/methodology/approach – By referencing relevant literature, this paper first evaluates Balanced Scorecard. In its second part, the problems associated with designing and implementing performance measures are listed and lack of research in dynamic performance measurement systems for global organisations is brought to attention. The third part emphasises the need for further research to address the issues mentioned in part two. Findings – The literature reveals that Balanced Scorecard still prevails as the dominant performance measurement system. Successful implementations, however, are much less prevalent and translating Balanced Scorecard to concrete action is still a problematic area. Research limitations/implications – A vast, multidisciplinary volume of literature is available on performance measurement. This review has referenced mostly recent (2000-2005) literature. Practical implications – This review provides a reference for academics/practitioners by listing and organising major claims made by authors of Balanced Scorecard and counterclaims made by other authors/scholars. This review also brings to notice the difficulties associated with designing and implementing measures, identifying opportunities for ongoing research. Originality/value – This paper forms the basis for a new research direction that considers global organisations and explores the design of a dynamic performance measurement system that operates within an integrated framework of business processes.


This paper presents a solution procedure of search parameter optimization for minimum load ensuring desired one-off and cumulative probabilities of detection in a multifunction phased array radar. The key approach is to convert this nonlinear optimization on four search parameters into a scalar optimization on signal-to-noise ratio by a semi-analytic process based on subproblem decomposition. The efficacy of the proposed solution approach is verified with theoretical analysis and numerical case studies.


This paper aims to investigate the relationships between GLOBE national culture dimensions, the facets of job satisfaction and the need for achievement relation in Serbian tourism providers. The sample consists of 120 managers in the Serbian service sector/tourism providers in Serbia (transportation, utility companies, telecommunications, and banks). The results obtained proved that national culture dimensions are significant predictors of all facets of job satisfaction and that the relations between some organizational culture dimensions and the facets of job satisfaction are moderated by the need for achievement variable. Our results may be of interest to human resources managers in the Serbian tourism service providers.


Several typical hydrophobic anti-stickness plant leaves were selected by experiments (major one is bamboo leaf). SEM scanning was carried out on leaf surface morphology with electromicroscopic technology, moisture engage an- gel of leaf surface was determined as well. Analytical results shows that, variety of texture of non-smooth plant leaf sur- face structure and surface material have different influences on hydrophobicity and anti-stickness. Hydrophobicity of non- smooth surface morphology adhered to wax granule is strong while the opposite one is weak. The study also provides valuable information for the development of bionics engineering.


AbstractThis paper is a response to the Spatialising Practices panel that was organised under the auspices of the Greco-Roman Religions Section of the Society of Biblical Literature, November 2012. In the paper I respond to three foci represented in the presentations, namely spatiality theory, narrative space, and spatial practices. Overall the argument is made that conceptions of space arose already earlier in the 20th century with the rise of phenomenology, but that spatiality theories proper were epiphenomena of the emergence of cultural studies since the middle of the 20th century. It is argued that space is not so much an object of study and description but rather that space is a tool of analysis. Moreover, the essentially activist and political character of spatiality theory should continue to infuse studies of religion and space.


In early EAP classes, it is important to first of all offer the students a template with which to guide their writing, and from which they can evolve their own writing styles. While such a template is very prescriptive, my caveat is for students to observe the academic structure of their reading material, to see how closely it aligns with the template provided. This template is not only a guide for essay writing generally, but applies particularly to in-class essay writing and for writing in language tests, such as the IELTS Task 2 question.


The water leak in water-cooled generator stator windings can generate the serious accidents such as insulation breakdown and it brings a generator to the unexpected sudden outage. Accordingly, it is important to diagnose the water absorption of them for the effective operation of power plant. Especially, the capacitance value which is measured for diagnosis is very small so the special diagnosis methods like stochastic theory are needed. KEPRI developed the water absorption test equipment and diagnosis technology for them. The developed diagnosis technology is applied to the real system and the results of water absorption test for stator windings are agreed to them of water leak test.


Background: The effects of sotalol on the 24-hour profile of the QT interval relative to that of the heart rate (HR) may be helpful in determining the time course of the drug's action in controlling cardiac arrhythmias. This has not been previously determined. Thus, the objec tive of the current study was to evaluate the influence of the drug on the circadian rhyth micity of HR and QT intervals from Holter recordings in ambulatory patients. Reverse-use dependency (RUD) of sotalol was also studied noninvasively from Holter recordings. Methods and Results: Holter recordings of 18 patients with ventricular arrhythmias were analyzed before and after 3-7 days of treatment with sotalol. We developed and used a sig nal processing system. A new noninvasive index to evaluate RUD was defined and applied to sotalol as a test agent. Sotalol significantly reduced HR from 76.9 ± 3.2 to 60.0 ± 1.1 (P < .001). The mean QT interval increased from 393 ± 11 ms to 489 ± 9 ms, whereas the mean normalized QT (QTc) interval increased from 415 ± 5 ms to 487 ± 5 ms (P < .001) during the drug treatment. Circadian rhythmicity of RR interval was abolished, but the circadian rhythms of the QT and QTc intervals were maintained during continuous treatment with sotalol. This finding is in contrast to amiodarone, which abolished the circadian rhythmicity of QTc interval while maintaining that of RR interval. RUD index was increased from 0.13 ± 0.08 to 0.24 ± 0.10 (P < .001) after sotalol, consistent with increased RUD with sotalol. Conclusions: The effects of sotalol on the circadian rhythmicity of HR and QTc interval are dissociated. They are in direct contrast to those reported for amiodarone, a difference that may be of clinical significance. The RUD index introduced here provides a noninvasive parameter for comparing short-term as well as long-term effects of class III antiarrhythmic drugs on RUD.


Through an analysis of the situation of peasants expelled from their land and their political organizations, the article probes through certain aspects of slave labor still present in the rural worker's lives. The author both gives data denouncing contemporary instances of slave labor exploitation, and studies more theoretical aspects of the interplay between sophisticated financial apparatus of capitalist enterprizes and its reliance on the exploitation of cheap labor force seen as slave labor, exposing its effective close interdependence. On the other hand, the juridical system as part of the State, makes the peasant'struggle for land illegal.


Silicon detectors with256strips, having apitch of25,um, andconnected totwo128channel NMOSVLSIchips each(Microplex), havebeentested inrelativistic charged particle beams atCERN andattheStanford Linear Accelerator Center. The readout chips haveaninput channel pitch of47.5,imanda single multiplexed output which provides voltages proportional totheintegrated charge fromeachstrip. Themostprobable signal height fromminimumionizing tracks was15times the rmsnoise inanysingle channel. Two-track traversals witha separation of100,imwerecleanly resolved.


Gottfredson and Hirschi acknowledge that there are sex differences in levels of self-control, with males exhibiting lower levels of self-control compared to females. There remains a gap in the empirical literature, however, as to whether differential parental treatment can explain differences in levels of self-control across the sexes. Using siblings of opposite sex from the Add Health study (N = 356, brother–sister pairs) and following a within-family research design, the current study examines whether differences in parenting behaviors within the home are associated with sex differences in self-control between siblings and whether these differences in self-control explained sex differences in delinquency. The results revealed that differential maternal attachment and differential maternal rejection were significantly related to sex differences in self-control. Sex differences in self-control, in turn, were significantly associated with sex differences in delinquency. The findings also showed that sex differences in self-control mediated the association between differential maternal rejection and delinquency, but that differential maternal attachment was indirectly associated with higher levels of delinquency for boys via lower levels of self-control. The impact of nonshared environmental factors on behavioral differences in opposite-sex siblings within the home is discussed.


There is no denying that human rights NGOs play an increasingly significant role at the international scene, their contributions to the development of human rights docket (treaties, principles and standards) and active participation in the implementation of the bill of rights at national levels are testament to their ever growing importance. Yet, their position under international law is generally regarded as informal and unspecified. This article investigates the general legal status of NGOs under international law and, in particular, offers a progressive account of the rights, responsibilities and role of human rights NGOs. The article shows in the end show that while there are emerging norms on the status and roles of human rights NGOs, none, is conclusive or binding in a strict legal sense.


Abstract (1) Rupert Read charges that Rawls culpably overlooks the politicized Euthyphro: Do we accept our political perspective because it is right or is it right because we accept it? (2) This charge brings up the question of the deficiency dilemma: Do others disagree with us because of our failures or theirs? – where the two dilemmas appear to be independent of each other and lead to the questions of the logic of deficiency, moral epistemic deficiency, epistemic peers, and the hardness of philosophy. (3) In reply, on an expanded principle of charity Rawls does not overlook the Euthyphro but rather offers ground-breaking solutions to it, (4) that nonetheless trip on the independent bootstrap (5) – as also do Dreben and Nussbaum. (6) Furthermore, Rawls's 'burdens of judgment' seek to bypass the necessity of moral epistemic deficiency and (7) suggest a wider framework for understanding disagreement that sees disagreement as arising from inquiry being in development, unpredictable and uncertain. (8) This wider framework entails that disagreement does not mean moral epistemic deficiency and (9) that our responses to the Euthyphro are 'too soon to say'.


Teaching engineering students to innovate-to develop novel solutions, new applications, or original designs for solving problems-is becoming a more central concern in engineering education. Many programs are increasing the number of project-based courses, to provide students with the conditions in which innovation might occur, yet innovation remains difficult to teach directly. In one such course in Chemical Engineering, we introduced a framework to aid students in exploring the central questions of their projects, from how to define the problem, to how to recognize the value of previous approaches to specific technical challenges, to how to interpret the results of innovative research. This framework, which we call a "What-How-Why" diagram, integrates the thinking that chemical engineers need to cover as they design the work of a project, with the thinking that they need to do in order to communicate that work to an audience. We have found that this framework helps students to plan their work, to recognize potential areas for specific innovation, to better recognize the significance of variations in research design, and to communicate innovative solutions more effectively.


The global recession has put an impact on Indian Banking industry also. India has thrown open it's financial service sector under WTO agreement to the world. India is witnessing and in future will witness entry of world-class banks and if our domestic banking sector has to compete with those banks it should be empowered with all abilities of competing successfully. The present paper examined all causes of crisis and it also examined the status of Indian Banking on the various causes like a) risk management, b) concentration risk and c) regulations etc. The study found out that there is good and ever improving performance by the banks under study. There are sufficient and significant improvements on the parameters of capital adequacy, asset quality, risk management etc. However an impediment in the way of perfect performance by SBI Group have been the frequent liquidity crisis and high interest rate risk. As far as General Banking scenario is concerned in India. RBI has put in place a robust regulatory framework under which Indian Banks operate. That has been the reason of low intensity impact to Indian banks of the crisis. So we can say that RBI through its regulatory framework has developed an inbuilt system of providing market participants an incentive to minimize the risk.


Dear Sir, Transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) is the most common cause of significant morbidity and mortality within transfusion medicine (Bolton-Maggs et al., 2017). TACO is defined as respiratory distress with signs of pulmonary oedema up to 24 h following a transfusion. Recommended management is to stop the transfusion, administer oxygen and diuretic therapy and continue careful monitoring with specialist support (Provan et al., 2015). Junior medical staff will often be the first to assess and manage patients with TACO, and so, this condition should be part of undergraduate and postgraduate teaching. Of concern, Graham et al. (2018) demonstrated significant variety and overall ineffectiveness in transfusion education, with over-reliance on didactic lectures and e-learning. Simulation-based education is increasingly used within medicine and has been shown to be effective in the transfer of skills from the safe simulation environment to real clinical settings (McGaghie et al., 2010). Simulation has been described for blood transfusion teaching (Marshall, 2018), including sessions focusing on TACO (McCullagh et al., 2018). Recent years have also seen the increasing uptake of a flipped classroom approach. Flipped classroom is a two-part teaching strategy that moves away from a traditional didactic approach. First, 'homework' is set in advance for the student to cover theoretical frameworks. Second, student–teacher contact time is provided to allow critical appraisal of the material and real-world application (Williams, 2016). It has been demonstrated that learners prefer the flipped classroom approach compared to traditional teaching, with subsequent improvement in motivation and engagement (Chen et al., 2017). The feasibility and time-effectiveness of the flipped classroom within transfusion education has been demonstrated (Graham et al., 2018). Aiming to harness the potential of both teaching methods, we designed and evaluated the efficacy of an innovative teaching session using flipped classroom and simulation to teach undergraduates about TACO.


The paper describes a mechatronic approach towards designing and implementing complex motion control systems. Stages of control systems and the tools used for each stage are described. Particular attention is paid to the virtual and physical stage of prototyping of control systems. Possible implementations of control systems are divided into two groups according to their applicability in either single applications or mass production. The paper attempts to present a unified approach towards the development of the process of designing control systems of both types. The approach proposed is presented with an example of the control of a flexible robot arm.


Object detection typically requires a large amount of data to ensure detection accuracy. However, it is often impossible to ensure sufficient data in practice. This paper presents a new data augmentation method based on pixel-level image blend and domain adaptation. This method consists of two steps: 1.Image blend using a labeled dataset as object instances and an unlabeled dataset as background images.2. Domain adaptation based on Cycle Generative Adversarial Networks (Cycle GAN).A neural network will be trained to transform samples from step 1 to approximate the original dataset. Statistical consistency between new dataset generated by different data augmentation methods and original dataset will be measured by metrics such as generator loss and hellinger distance. Furthermore, a detection/segmentation network for diabetic retinopathy based on Mask R-CNN will be built and trained by the generated dataset. The effect of data augmentation method on the detection accuracy will be presented.


We outline some aspects of the observational theory and practice of calibrating and observing spectral polarimetry using cross-correlation, with emphasis on measuring the Stokes V required for Zeeman splitting. We consider two cases: (1) crosscorrelating a dual-linear feed, and (2) using a dual-circular feed with a hybrid and crosscorrelating the resulting linears. We derive the Mueller matrices for these cases; they are completely derivable from astronomical measurements, and we discuss the techniques required. We provide two catalogs of polarization results for sources that can be used as single-dish calibrators, one for 1420 MHz and one for the 4 15 GHz region. With crosscorrelation, both the amplitude and phase of the system must be accurately calibrated with noise injection. As we discuss in sections 3.2 and 4.9, we require a correlated cal that can be injected in three different ways: into both channels simultaneously, and into each of the two channels independently. For the dual-linear case it is convenient for the relative phase to be approximately the same as that of a linearly polarized astronomical source. For the dual-circular/hybrid case the cal phase should be adjusted to zero output in one of the post-hybrid linear channels. The injected noise is similar in character to what we are trying to measure; this means that it should not be turned on during an observation. Rather, it should be turned on briefly before and after each observation. It should be strong enough so that a brief integration produces accurate results. Polarization measurement by cross correlation requires phase stability. All local oscillators must be phase stable with the same requirements as used in interferometry. Traditionally this is not a consideration for spectrometers. We found that an oscillator in the spectral processor was not phase stable. It is almost impossible to know the polarization response of a cross-correlation polarimeter without a known source. For linear polarization we can use astronomical calibration sources. However, for circular polarization we need a local radiator, such as a helix; because it is used only to establish the sense of polarization, it need not have exquisitely high polarization purity.


In this work, we comparatively analyze the least mean squares (LMS) algorithm and the normalized least mean squares (NLMS) algorithm. We use the input moment matrices for comparison as the mean-square behavior of both algorithms is determined by the input moment matrices. First, we derive the closed-form expressions of the input moment matrices of the NLMS. Second, we do a numerical and theoretical comparison of the input moment matrices of the LMS and the NLMS. The analysis shows why the performance of the NLMS is less sensitive to the changes in eigenvalue-spread (of the input-correlation matrix) than the LMS.


The E.U. Framework Directive of 2008 draws a clear strategy for waste management, which places prevention as a priority, followed by reuse and recovery of materials and energy. Specific objectives are fixed by European legislation [1]. Italy has set a reduction target of municipal solid wastes and special nonhazardous wastes per unit of population by 5% in 2020 compared to 2010, while has also fully implemented the European target for recovery of materials by 2020 and is preparing to adapt the target of recycling [2]. Wastes production in Italy is equal to 170 million tons in 2010 [3] and shows a slight increase compared to 2009. This includes wastes called "special" (divided into hazardous and non hazardous); the municipal solid wastes constitute about one fifth of the total. In 2010, the special wastes amounted to around 138 million tons, of which about 130 Mt are non-hazardous wastes from construction and demolition, industries and waste treatment processes.


In the tandem mirror GAMMA 10/PDX, a neodymium-doped, yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Nd:YAG) Thomson scattering (TS) system have been constructed for electron temperature and density radial profile measurements. We can successfully measure the radial profiles of electron temperature and density in the central cell of GAMMA 10/PDX by using the YAG-TS system in a single laser shot. By using high speed oscilloscopes and their data collection program, we can measure time dependent electron temperatures and densities every 100 ms in a single plasma shot. Moreover, in order to increase the TS signal intensities, we have constructed a multi-pass TS system of the polarization based system with image relaying optics. The clear multi-pass TS scattering signals from first to eighth passing lasers through the plasma were successfully obtained. The five times larger TS signal intensity were indicated. The multi-pass TS system improves the measurement resolution and time resolution.


In 2011 Internet World Stats, pegs internet use at 11.5 percent in Zimbabwe but actual internet banking users constituted a fraction of the internet users. The adoption of internet banking in Zimbabwe has been sluggish over the past decade owing to the economic recession that Zimbabwe experienced from 2003-2008. The study's major goal was to assess the impact of internet banking on banks in Zimbabwe. The maintained hypothesis was that internet banking had no impact on the banking sector. A cross sectional survey was used to gather information and views were drawn from fourteen commercial banks and the central bank. Three sets of questionnaires, each for a specific group were distributed. The research findings revealed that the competitive advantage of internet banking lies in cost reduction and consumer satisfaction. The study found out that internet banking improved operational efficiency. The major factors for the efficiency were attributed to the overall decrease in operational cost, total cost of employment and expenses incurred on fixed assets. The overall benefit of internet banking was convenience to customers. The study recommends that banks improve basic functionality of bank websites. Government must increase investments in education, infrastructural development to enable consumers to adopt the innovation.


Patients who suffer from chronic pain caused by rheumatoid arthritis look for any therapeutic technique to use in conjunction with traditional medication in order to alleviate pain and physical disabilities caused by the disease, or at least delay disease progression and improve their lifestyle. This paper focuses on the scientific applications of computer interactions with medicine which study the impact of imagery therapy techniques using virtual reality in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A review of virtual reality equipment available on the global market which helps in the treatment of this disease will follow.


Measurements of steady-state photoinduced absorption in $a$-Ge: H and $a$-Si: H were extended to cover the energy range from 0.25 to 1.9 eV. The subgap photoinduced-absorption bands in both materials are interpreted in terms of four kinds of optical transitions of photogenerated carriers from traps in the gap into the bands; two transitions produce absorption and two bleaching. This model explains the approximately symmetric form of the photoinduced-absorption band in $a$-Ge: H previously ascribed to polaron absorption.


Sir Walter Scott's warm esteem for Samuel Johnson and his works, including Rasselas, is a solidly established fact in literary history. One recalls, for instance, his highly laudatory "Memoir" of Johnson prefixed to the Novelists' Library edition of Rasselas ("Printed by James Ballantyne and Company, . . . Edinburgh," 1823)1 and his remark that he "had more pleasure in reading London, and The Vanity of Human Wishes than any other poetical composition he could mention."2 But, with a single, completely neglected exception recorded below, students have seemingly never linked Scott to the authorship of the anonymous, two-paragraph "Advertisement" preceding the illustrated edition of Rasselas which, appearing in 1805, was printed by James Ballantyne, published by William Miller, "and sold by Manners and Miller, and Archibald Constable . . Edinburgh."3 Yet a moment's reflection suggests the marked plausibility of the attribution. For, quite apart from his lofty estimate ofJohnson's writings, Scott knew and, early in his career, began business dealings with all of the persons named on the title page of the 1805 edition of Rasselas. A schoolmate and subsequent lifelong friend of James Ballantyne, he became in 1805 a partner of the Ballantyne Press, which had commenced with the production of a privately distributed pamphlet of Scott's poems (1800) and which went on to publish, or print, most of Scott's later compositions as well as the host of his other


The effect of competition is an important topic in spatial ecology. This paper deals with a general two-species competition system in open advective and inhomogeneous environments. At first, the critical values on the interspecific competition coefficients are established, which determine the stability of semi-trivial steady states. Secondly, by analyzing the nonexistence of coexistence steady states and using the theory of monotone dynamical system, we find that the competitive exclusion principle holds if one of the interspecific competition coefficients is large and the other is in a certain range. Thirdly, in terms of these critical values, the structure and direction of bifurcating branches of positive equilibria arising from two semi-trivial steady states are given by means of the bifurcation theory and stability analysis. Finally, we show that multiple coexistence occurs under certain regimes.


GRAND-CRU (Game-Theoretic Resource Allocation for wireless Networks based on Distributed and Cooperative Relaying Units) is a two-year research project that has involved two host institutions, the Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione of the University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy (the return host), and the Department of Electrical Engineering of the Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA (the outgoing host).


Vinegar egg-juice is a traditional food,which has three-way functions such as rehabilitation,prevention and treatment.Vinegar egg-juice can improve immune function,reduce blood lipids and blood pressure,antioxidation,enrich the calcium,prevent and treat cardiovascular disease,treat flat wart and other health effects.With the domestic and foreign research results as the basis,the nutritional components and healthy and pharmacological functions of vinegar egg-juice are reviewed,which may provide reference and basis for further research on the ingredients and health care effect of vinegar egg-juice,prevention and control of high blood pressure,cardiovascular disease and a series of medical and health effects of food and medicine.


A technique for investigating the electrical conductivity of condensed matter based on softly attaching charge carriers from a plasma to the front side of a sample is presented. The attachment of the charge carriers induces an electric surface potential and consequently charge migration inside the sample which is in contact with a single metal electrode at the backside. The measurement of the current allows determining the electrical conductivity of the sample. The plasma employed is generated by focusing femtosecond laser pulses in air at ambient pressure. As a proof-of-principle, we demonstrate the measurement of the ionic conductivity of a D263T glass and its activation energy. The analysis reveals very good agreement with independent previous measurements. The approach presented is operative in positive and negative polarities. It is in principle extendable to a wide range of plasma media and pressures and can thus be expected to be applicable for remote material testing.A technique for investigating the electrical conductivity of condensed matter based on softly attaching charge carriers from a plasma to the front side of a sample is presented. The attachment of the charge carriers induces an electric surface potential and consequently charge migration inside the sample which is in contact with a single metal electrode at the backside. The measurement of the current allows determining the electrical conductivity of the sample. The plasma employed is generated by focusing femtosecond laser pulses in air at ambient pressure. As a proof-of-principle, we demonstrate the measurement of the ionic conductivity of a D263T glass and its activation energy. The analysis reveals very good agreement with independent previous measurements. The approach presented is operative in positive and negative polarities. It is in principle extendable to a wide range of plasma media and pressures and can thus be expected to be applicable for remote material testing.


Paper analyzes costs of bank protection, compared with revenue lost from bank caving and revenue restored by accretion; various bases of comparison between benefits and costs are discussed; general procedure is suggested for economic analysis.


The theory of consolidation which was first proposed in a thesis by Merchant in 1939 has been re-examined and the corresponding rheological model of the soil skeleton established. As this is a Hookean spring in series with a Kelivn body it is apparant that some more recent theories are either mathematically equivalent to Merchant's theory or are special cases of it. Some errors in the previously published versions of the theory have been corrected and numerical solutions based on various values of the soil parameters are included. /Author/


Filling the large voids in the crystal structure of the skutterudite CoSb3 with rattler atoms R provides an avenue for both increasing carrier concentration and disrupting lattice heat transport, l...


In the present study indigenous and crossbred pigs (30) of different age groups were utilized. The thymus comprised 3 lobes, viz cranial, cervical and thoracic. The thoracic lobe was oval in crossbreds and heart shaped in indigenous. The quantitative parameters showed higher averages in the lett side than that in the right. Highly significant differences (P&lt0.01) were observed among age groups in respect to length, width, thickness, volume, organ weight and relative weight.


The shopping center is  type of high-rise building which is a public facility with the number of non-permanent residents from various groups, having different knowledge about self-rescue efforts during emergencies. Handling procedures and means of rescue during an emergency need to be owned by the management to facilitate the evacuation process. The purpose of this study was to analyze the implementation of handling procedures and rescue facilities during emergencies at Mall X Semarang. This research is a type of qualitative research with methods of observation and in-depth interviews. Using two types of informants namely primary and triangulation as data validity. The results showed that the fire management managed by the manager of Mall X had been planned and implemented quite well, as evidenced by the establishment of emergency response organizations with trained resources, there were procedures for handling emergencies and regular training. Whereas for the completeness of the rescue facilities some aspects have not met the standards of SNI namely the existence of direction markers that have not been equipped in all areas of the mall until it comes out to gathering point, emergency lights that have not been installed on all emergency stairs. The completeness of the rescue facilities needs to be reviewed and made improvements to the facilities that have been damaged. From this study it can be concluded that the procedures for handling and rescue facilities in Mall X have not been so good because they still have to complete several components requested by the applicable standards .


was related to the frequency of injections rather than to the total dosage, and the need for a satisfactory " retard " A.C.T.H. was stressed. Dr. GUNNAR EDSTROM (Sweden) reported experiments in man with pituitary transplants from calves and pigs. When the transplant survived it caused all the expected metabolic effects. In addition, the implants had had marked but temporary the%rapeutic effects in cases of rheumatoid arthritis and disseminated lupus erythematosus, but no claims were advanced that this could become practical therapy. Dr. J. H. KELLGREN (Manchester) described a comprehensive study of the articular and other limb changes in acromegaly. Biopsy studies suggested an increase in softtissue collagen. Dr. G. D. KERSLEY (Bath) compared the clinical and metabolic effects of hypoglycaemia and A.C.T.H. in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, and Dr. L. MANDEL (Bath) reported a series of cases treated with intraarticular cortisone.


In this paper we discuss the QCD contribution to the Abelian Debye and magnetic screening masses in a deconfined QCD plasma at finite temperature in the presence of an external magnetic field B. We use a holographic AdS/QCD setup in an AdS Schwarzschield black hole background and show that the electric screening mass has a form similar to the one-loop result in QED. Moreover, we calculate the corrections due to the magnetic field to all orders of B and demonstrate that in the case when magnetic field is large the Debye mass grows linearly with B, while the magnetic screening mass vanishes. The whole effect of the magnetic field turns out to stem from the Chern–Simons action. We also discuss the zero temperature case in the chiral perturbation theory.


Recent advances in distributed computing highlight models and algorithms for autonomous mo- bile robots that self-organize and cooperate together in order to solve a global objective. As results, a large number of algorithms have been proposed. These algorithms are given together with proofs to assess their correctness. However, those proofs are informal, which are error prone. This paper presents our study on formal verification of mobile robot algorithms. We first propose a formal model for mobile robot algorithms on anonymous ring shape network under multiplicity and asynchrony assumptions. We specify this formal model in Maude, a specification and pro- gramming language based on rewriting logic. We then use its model checker to formally verify an algorithm for robot gathering problem on ring enjoys some desired properties. As the result of the model checking, counterexamples have been found. We detect the sources of some unforeseen design errors. We, furthermore, give our interpretations of these errors.


The Ordovician stratigraphy in the Holy Cross Mts. and the Nida region is reviewed. In the Holy Cross Mts. Ordovician rocks have been identified in the Łysogory and the Kielce segments in tens of outcrops and borehole sections, in the Nida area in three boreholes. The deposits comprise a thin clastic-carbonate succession including palaeontologically dated Tremadoc, Arenig, Llanvirn, Llandeilo, Caradoc and Ashgill sediments. Their lithology, litho- and biostratigraphy and facies distribution are discussed. The most distinct lithofacies boundary and thickness contrast is observed between the Kielce and Łysogory regions. The former is characterised by carbonates and clastics of shallower shelf with much greater thicknesses.


The evaluation of advanced traffic signal systems requires a network-wide assessment of their impact as opposed to an isolated analysis of key intersections. Microscopic traffic simulation models emulate the dynamics of individual vehicles in a detailed network representation, based on car-following, lane changing, gap acceptance models; include route choice models to implement dynamic traffic assignment; and account explicitly for traffic control. Microscopic models are usually appropriate for operational analysis due the detail of information provided by the simulator. However, they are data intensive and have a significant computational cost. Mesoscopic models combine simplified flow dynamics with explicit treatment of interrupted flows at intersections and allow modeling of large networks with high computational efficiency. However, the loss of realism implied by a mesoscopic model makes it necessary to emulate detailed outputs; for instance, detector measurements or instantaneous emissions. The above give rise to the need to combine meso and micro approaches into new hybrid traffic simulators where very large-scale networks are modeled mesoscopically and areas of complex interactions benefit from the finer detail of microscopic simulation. Combining an event-based mesoscopic model with a more detailed time-sliced microsimulator raises consistency problems on the network representation and the transitions meso-micro-meso. This paper discusses these problems, proposes a solution and illustrates how it works in practice.


Power quality problems such as reactive and harmonic currents generated by input rectifier were considered. A high-frequency switching power supply based on current-source PWM rectifier was researched. Based on the single-phase equivalent model of current-source rectifier, a closed-loop control method based on load power feed-forward was proposed. Fast and efficient rectification was achieved. As for current-sharing problem of multiple-parallel power supplies, a current-sharing control method based on impedance matching was presented. A stable operation of multiple power supplies was achieved. Finally, the correctness of control method was verified.


Abstract We study some questions concerning the structure of the set of spreading models of a separable infinite-dimensional Banach space $X$ . In particular we give an example of a reflexive $X$ so that all spreading models of $X$ contain ${{\ell }_{1}}$ but none of them is isomorphic to ${{\ell }_{1}}$ . We also prove that for any countable set $C$ of spreading models generated by weakly null sequences there is a spreading model generated by a weakly null sequence which dominates each element of $C$ . In certain cases this ensures that $X$ admits, for each $\alpha \,<\,{{\omega }_{1}}$ , a spreading model ${{\left( \tilde{x}_{i}^{\left( \alpha \right)} \right)}_{i}}$ such that if $\alpha \,<\,\beta $ then ${{\left( \tilde{x}_{i}^{\left( \alpha \right)} \right)}_{i}}$ is dominated by (and not equivalent to) ${{\left( \tilde{x}_{i}^{\left( \beta \right)} \right)}_{i}}$ . Some applications of these ideas are used to give sufficient conditions on a Banach space for the existence of a subspace and an operator defined on the subspace, which is not a compact perturbation of a multiple of the inclusion map.


After the transmembrane potential and spontaneous contraction of the isolated atrium of rabbit had been abolished by the addition of 10-5 g/ml of reserpine, the addition of adrenaline or noradrenaline restarted the contraction but only washing of the preparation did not so (1, 2). In contrast to the depletion over ninety per cent of the extractable noradrenaline in the atrium from rabbit which had received 1.0 to 5.0 mg/kg of reserpine 10 to 16 hours before the isolation, the isolated atrium of the intact rabbit which ceased to beat as mentioned above was depleted only about 20 to 30 per cent of the normal content of n9radrenaline (3-5). It has been shown that the circulating noradrenaline is taken up, bound and retained at or near the sympathetic nerve endings of various tissues including the heart (6-8). In this report, the effect of reserpine on the uptake of noradrenaline by the isolated atrium of rabbit was studied. The uptake of noradrenaline-14C by the isolated atrium of rabbit from the bath fluid when this substance was added into the bath fluid has been shown by Burn and Burn (9).


The story of a father and son,the literary theme,is repeated in William Faulkner's Yoknapatawpha novels.However,the father-son relationships differ from work to work.The paper interprets the father-son relationship in Barn Burning from multi-perspectives,including the affection underlying the father-son relationship,their dialogue patterns,Christian culture and so on.To be specific,the conflicts between allegiance and treachery in Sarty's inner world penetrate into the development of their relation.The fracture of the stimulus-response chain occurs frequently in the father-son dialogues,which is known as the failure of perlocutionary act,and the violation of the conversational maxims governed by the Cooperative Principle.Besides,based on prototype theory,the father-son relationship is alluded to that of Jesus Christ and his disciples with strong religious implications.


Community-supported agriculture has gained a significant amount of prominence in recent years by offering a more sustainable and morally acceptable alternative to conventional food systems. Their organization offers a modern take on how to manage production by supporting the usage and exchange of knowledge between all stakeholders involved. The leverage points concept argues that re-thinking how knowledge is produced and used in systems is one of the key realms of leverage in which transformation towards sustainability can be achieved. Current sustainability research lacks a focus on deep leverage points that bear great potential for transformational change. This concept, however, revolves around these deep realms of leverage and has not been applied to CSA yet. Thus, a qualitative study with semi-structured interviews has been performed at 22 CSA farms in Germany in order to gather detailed insights on the production and flow of knowledge and analyze if and to what degree these CSAs have the potential to leverage transformational change towards sustainability. This analysis helps to understand how certain mechanisms can influence sustainability in a positive manner and promote the usage of these mechanisms in the agricultural landscape. Ultimately, the data indicates that CSAs do bear great potential to leverage sustainability transformation in regard to re-thinking agriculture. Characteristics that lead to this cognition are a highly cooperative, participatory and transparent structure, characteristics that allow for the creation and exchange of information to flourish.


Goal The goal of the workshop is to provide a forum for presenting and informally reviewing the current status and planned activities related to the evolving ISO/IEC 15228 (System Life Cycle Processes) standard. This standard will have a central role in the field of Systems Engineering in general as well as in our own area of the Systems Engineering of Computer-Based Systems. Consequently it is important to become acquainted with this standard and, since it is still under development, be able to provide points-of-view and material that will be useful in its further development.


The Korea Institute of Construction Technology has developed a precast FRP-concrete composite deck to be applied to cable-stayed bridges. This deck is a precast structural system in which concrete is disposed at the upper part and a hollow FRP tube is disposed at the bottom to play the role of tensile reinforcement and form. This paper presents the prototype of the so-developed FRP-concrete composite deck fabricated for trial construction. Electrical resistance sensors and optical fiber sensors were installed on the prototype to evaluate its structural stability and serviceability during the 17 months of operation through a series of field loading tests. From the field loading test results, the FRP-concrete composite deck was verified to secure sufficient structural stability and serviceability along the 17 months of operation even after the repeated passage of the heavy construction trucks. Besides, it appeared also that, for long-term monitoring, the optical fiber sensor provided more reliable measurement than the electrical resistance sensor glued to the structure.


The arrangement of the capillary net in the vicinity of the epithelial attachment differs from that in the oral aspect of the gingiva in the periodontal ligament (J Dent Res 41:331, 1962; Arch Oral Biol 10:869, 1965). To determine the origin of these vessels, the development of periodontal vessels in relation to the development of periodontal tissues was studied in rat molars. Forty-nine Wistar strain rats, 20 days old, were used. Every other day, seven rats were selected and prepared, until the rats in the last group were 32 days old. Corrosive latex casts were made from six rats and histologic specimens were taken from one. The vascular bed pattern of the oral aspect of the gingiva was formed in the alveolar mucosa prior to tooth eruption. During the development of the gingiva, a new fine network formed only in the marginal part; the basic pattern of the vascular bed remained unchanged. The vascular net of the periodontal ligament began to form only with the development of the roots, and spread apically as their growth progressed. The arrangement of the main vessels and capillaries was complete before eruption of the tooth. The specific vascular bed in the region of the epithelial attachment developed from vessels supplying the cervical part of the enamel organ. The net supplying this organ had a uniform arrangement on the whole surface of the crown and ended in a circular vessel at the cervical border of the enamel organ. The vascular net disappeared during eruption; disappearance began at the cusps of the crown and continued to narrow toward the neck of the tooth. At the end of eruption, the enamel epithelium was reduced to a narrow band around the neck (Fig. 1-E) and was supplied by a corresponding narrow hand of the persisting vascular net (Fig 2 EE). During the last stage of eruption, the circular vessel still persisted. Coiled capillary loops typical of the attachment region developed from the remnant of the capillary net supplying the enamel epithelium. This transformation was rarely direct. In most instances, the end of eruption was accompanied by inflammation that lo-


Photograph of a room full of people at a Venezuelan Ambassador Banquet at the Commodore Perry Hotel. There are rows of tables along the dining room with people sitting at them. At the back of the room, there is a long table with people sitting on one side.


The main objective of this study was to examine liposome extravasation across the BBB as a function of size after disruption via ultrasound and microbubbles. The liposomes were labeled with gadolinium (Gd) and fluorophore, thus enabling detection of extravasated liposomes via MRI in vivo and fluorescence methods in tissue, respectively. Liposomes labeled with gadolinium and fluorophore were prepared using lipid film hydration and extrusion to two different sizes (~80 nm and ~140 nm). Animals were divided into two groups based on the use of particle sizes. FUS–BBB disruption was produced in one hemisphere in 10 mice. Particles were injected before sonication. Sonications (0.69 MHz at 0.68 MPa) were performed in two locations combine with Definity (10 μl/kg). Acoustic emissions were recorded during FUS. T1 & T2*-weighted MRI were used to confirm Gd leakage and damage detection respectively. Mice were euthanized 5–24 h after FUS and post-process for fluorescence measurement. In sonicated area, Gd-leakage was...


Carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions by an operational F-16 fleet are found to have negligible impact upon stratospheric ozone. Nitrogen dioxide emissions by operational F-16 and KC-10A fleets are found to cause a small, but insignificant, increase in stratospheric ozone.


Three studies examined the relationship between individuals' perceived "prototypicality" in a group, their subsequent self-presentation goals, and individual effort in that group. Consistent with the finding that feelings of marginal ingroup membership status elicit a desire to seek stronger social connections within ingroups, we predicted that non-prototypical group members will have more salient self-presentation goals than prototypical members, and as such will exert more individual effort to exhibit the value of their membership to the group. Correlational Study 1 confirmed that non-prototypical group members may be more likely than prototypical members to volunteer for activities that would benefit their group. Two experimental studies were then conducted to test the causal influence of feelings of prototypicality while also identifying theoretically relevant moderating conditions of perceived task efficacy (Study 2) and public versus private task performance (Study 3). These findings suggest that effortful performance in groups is partly motivated by the desire to foster social ties.


Abstract Introduction Individuals with chronic insomnia often self-report more wakefulness and less sleep than is derived from objective measures, which is called sleep-wake state discrepancy (SWSD). This study investigated associations between SWSD and clinical characteristics in older adults with sleep maintenance insomnia before and after Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBTi). Method Seventy-three adults (female=53%, mean age=63.2, SD=6.3) were recruited. Participants completed sleep diaries and wore actigraphy for one week, as well as questionnaires related to sleep quality and daytime functioning immediately before and after CBTi. SWSD was calculated as the difference between subjective (sleep diary reported) and objective (actigraphy derived) total sleep time (TST) at pre- and post-treatment. Results Before treatment, SWSD was not associated with age or any clinical variables, ps > .05. Following treatment, SWSD significantly reduced (p<.001), despite no improvement in objective TST, and was significantly associated with improvements in insomnia severity (r=-.57), fatigue (r=-.26), sleep self-efficacy (r=.33), and beliefs about sleep (r=-.38), ps < .05. Discussion These findings suggest SWSD does not correlate with any other routinely-measured clinical characteristic prior to treatment. Given the associations with treatment outcomes, the need to incorporate objective measures, in conjunction with sleep diary assessments, to determine the degree of discrepancy and therapeutically address using CBTi is warranted. Following treatment, the reduction in discrepancy was driven by sleep diary reported TST that more closely matched objective TST, which remained relatively unchanged from pre-treatment. This has important implications for CBTi and suggests improvements in the accuracy of perceived sleep is a major therapeutic mechanism.


. The study aims to describe the methodology of working on step-by-step formation of foreign students' skills in writing a library- research review paper in scientific style of speech classes. The paper ident i-fies the distinctive features of a library- research review paper, notes the influence of these features on the specifi cs of formation of foreign students' skills in writing a secondary text of this genre, describes the stages of working on formation of foreign students' skills in writing a library- research review paper. The study is novel in that it develops a system of tasks, the implementation of which allows foreign st u-dents to form the skills in writing competent library-research review papers in scientific style of speech classes in a successful manner. As a result of the study, it has been found that in order to for m the skills in writing a library- research review paper in a successful manner, foreign students need to master the skills of scientific text compression, analysis and critical assessment.


The microfluidic technology proposed in recent years has been applied in many fields because of its advantages, such as integration, automation, miniaturization and low cost. Microfluidic chips, which are a realization way for the microfluidic technology, have become a research hotspot and their manufacturing process is studied thoroughly. Bonding is a key step that used for sealing a chip in the manufacturing process, and the bonding quality determines whether the chip can be used in practice. This study developed a hot embossing robot for bonding microfluidic chips: first, the mechanical structure of the robot was designed according to the physical characteristics of microfluidic chips and requirements of the hot embossing process; second, an intelligent temperature control method was established to predict and self-adaptively adjust the operating temperature; at last, multilevel experiments merging engineering and biology were designed and performed. The results showed the great and stabilized bonding effect, and proved the validity and practicability of this hot embossing robot.


Teaching Punctuation in Early Modern England Much has been written on the punctuation practice of late sixteenth- and seventeenth-century English writers in order to work out the ultimate function of marks of punctuation. The main point of discussion has almost ever been whether punctuation indicated syntactic relationships or represented speech pauses either to give emphasis in oral delivery or just to be able to breathe. The focus of this paper, however, is the theory rather than the practice, in particular, the set of rules and conventions used by schoolmasters to guide students in their use of stops. Thus, textbooks used at the time to teach reading and writing will constitute our main sources of information to achieve the following aims: (i) to offer a classification of the different marks of punctuation described, (ii) to establish the functions schoolbooks assigned to punctuation marks in general, and (iii) to assess the importance schoolmasters gave to pointing. The results of this study - which follows the works by Ong (1944) and Salmon (1962, 1988) - will contribute to shed light on the ever-lasting debate on the principles guiding Early Modern English punctuation usage.


Abstract A q-coherent state for the quantum superalgebra U(1/1) is introduced. A path integral formalism for the q-coherent state is constructed and applied to the q-deformed Jaynes-Cummings model (q-JCM) with the Uq(1/1) dynamical supersymmetry. The complete energy spectrum of the q-JCM is obtained for both the cases when the interaction constants are C-valued and when they are Grassmann valued.


Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is an effective phosphate (P04) binder in uremics, and its use reduces aluminum (AI) intake. By maintaining high serum Ca2+, it decreases serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. Hypercalcemia, however, often limits the dosage. In order to evaluate the effects of a low-Ca peritoneal dialysis solution (PDS) (1.25 mmol/L) on Ca metabolism, we studied the following in 12 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients with hypercalcemia (6 with low PTH levels, low-turnover bone disease, group 1, and 6 with high PTH levels, high-turnover bone disease, group 2, documented by bone biopsies): serum Ca2+; serum PTH; bone morphology. The follow-up was 12 months. Results show that in both groups within the third month there was a decrease in serum Ca2+. In group 1 serum PTH increased, reaching the norm, and In group 2 it further Increased exceeding the norm. Because In both groups serum Ca2+ was normal, It was possible to increase oral CaC03 (10.5±2.5 g/day) to control P04 levels and to stop AI gels. In group 2, In order to avoid the further rise of serum PTH, the low-Ca PDS was supplemented with 2 μg/day of 1,25(OH)2D3 (vitamin D3); this was followed by a reduction In serum PTH with no increase in Ca2+ and P04. The use of low-Ca PDS may be useful In preventing hypercalcemia In CAPD patients treated with high oral doses of CaC03 and in improving low-turnover bone disease, while low-Ca PDS supplemented with vitamin D3 improves high-turnover bone disease.


The dielectric properties of dispersed coals, connected with the interaction of electrically active surface of the coal solid phase and water polar molecules were studied. It is established that the presence and quantity of water in the interlayer space of natural coal does not affect the structure of the crystal lattice of coal. The complexity of the structure of disperse systems, as well as the availability of local inhomogeneities determines the cause of the lack of current understanding of the mechanisms of the charge carrier's transfer and the structure of the energy spectrum of such systems. The results of the experimental research of electrophysical characteristics of the moist mechanically activated fine-dispersed natural coals of Cheremkhovo basin are presented.


The utility model relates to a water pump shock absorption device adopted by a water supply pump (set) and which is suitable for shock absorption installation requirement, which consists of a bottom plate and a plurality of JSD rubber vibration isolators which are side by side arranged under the bottom plate in interval. When used, the bottom plate is connected and arranged under the water pump bottom seat; all JSD rubber vibration isolators are arranged on a concrete platform foundation to implement the connection between the shock absorption device and the water pump (set). The utility model has the advantages of simple and reasonable structure, convenient operational construction, easy for installation and maintenance, good shock absorption effect, etc.


Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most frequent chronic joint disease and is the leading cause of pain and disability in the population all over the world. The primary OA occurs without known cause and typically affects the weight-bearing joints (knees and hips) as well as hands (distal and proximal interphalangeal joints, first carpo-metacarpal joint), feet (first metatarsophalangeal joint) and spine. Age, genetic predisposition, obesity, female sex, great mechanical stress are the main risk factors for the development of OA. The high prevalence as well as the significant medical and social cost of OA has stimulated the research of the rheumatologists in this field in the recent years. Thus, great progress has been achieved regarding pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of OA.


Schiff base metal complexes have attracted significant attention due to their alternative applications in the environment, such as the mineralization of organic pollutants to less harmful byproducts and oxygen generation via such processes as photosynthesis. The Ti4+ complexes obtained from Schiff base ligands reacted with donor atoms such as S and N under solvothermal conditions. These complexes were characterized using microanalysis, conductivity studies, and different spectral techniques. These data reveal that the compounds show distorted octahedral geometries with ligand coordination via azomethine nitrogen and thiol sulfur atoms. Oxidation of the allylic methyl group examined the photocatalytic activity of [Ti(L)O] under ambient conditions and oxidative cyclization under visible light irradiation. The Ti(DCMPPT)O complex is a very efficient catalyst due to the very short span of time it takes to produce aldehydes from allylic compounds. Aldehydes readily react with 2-aminophenol or 2-aminobenzenethiol to produce (E)-2-styrylbenzo[d]oxazoles and (E)-2-styrylbenzo[d]thiazoles due to the suitability of the bandgap energy to the generation of ˙OH radicals during the catalytic reaction. This results in a higher oxidation rate. [Ti(DCMPPT)O] is a very efficient photocatalyst for the degradation of MB, due to its large surface area which suggests a lower recombination energy mechanism.


We previously demonstrated that the quinazoline‐derived a1‐adrenoceptor antagonists doxazosin and terazosin suppress prostate cancer growth via apoptosis induction. The aim of this study was to determine the potential effect of a1‐adrenoceptor antagonists on tumor vascularity of the human prostate.


The article is devoted to the problem of natural forms in the structure of urban area in modern city. The problem of organization of a small garden as one of the priority directions in the landscape creativity is discussed. The article pays a special attention to the problem of renewing the of the park area of Barnaul city. In the historical context and according to the contemporary trends of development of landscape creativity, the material is illustrated by concrete examples.


Females of Simulium aureum Fries were attracted to and fed on chicken flocks from mid-May to mid-November in the irrigated and dryland areas of southern Alberta. The first females of S. aureum were trapped in the period from mid-June to mid-July, depending on the year and sampling site. The numbers increased as the season progressed with peaks occurring usually in August or September.


In this paper we present kinetic properties such as migration and decomposition barriers of hydrogen defects in silicon calculated by Density Functional Theory (DFT) based methods. We study the following defects: H atoms (H) and ions (H+, H-), hydrogen molecules (H2) and hydrogen complexes (H2*). Our results show that the dominating migration species are H ions, their charge-independent migration barrier being 0.46 eV in excellent agreement with experimental value [1]. At higher temperatures H2 and H2* decompose with barriers of 1.2 and 1.5 eV respectively, while the migration barrier of H2 is 2.2 eV. Hence, we show that, contrary to what has been experimentally implied [2, 3] previously, in silicon, hydrogen molecules do not participate to the hydrogen transport through diffusion.
1. A. Van Wieringen and N. Warmoltz, Physica 22, 849 (1956). 2. S. Rao, S. K. Dixit, G. Lupke, N. H. Tolk, and L. C. Feldman, Physical Review B 75, 6 (2007). 3. N. Fukata, A. Kasuya, and M. Suezawa, Physica B 308, 1125 (2001).