Objective To clone human mammaglobin(hMaM) gene and establish a method of fluorescence quantitative PCR(FQ-PCR) for determining hMaM mRNA,and investigate the possibility of hMaM mRNA as a biomarker for monitoring micrometastasis of breast cancer in peripheral blood.Methods The interested segment was obtained by reverse transcription PCR with the designed specific primers,and inserted into pMD-18T vector by T/A match.FQ-PCR was established after optimizing the system of PCR amplification and the standard curve was generated by series dilution of pMD/M plasmid DNA templates.hMaM mRNA of peripheral blood monocytes was isolated from patients,including breast cancer group(n=28),benign breast diseases group(n=15) and other cancers group(n=33),and healthy persons(n=18) and was determined by FQ-PCR.Results hMaM gene was obtained and inserted into pMD-18T vector.Sequencing result of the positive clone was accordant with the expected sequence.A FQ-PCR for detection of hMaM mRNA was established successfully.hMaM mRN was positive in 9 out of 28(32.1%) blood sample of the patients with breast cancer(4 of stage Ⅰ,3 of stage Ⅱ,1 of stage Ⅲ and 1 of stage Ⅳ).There was no relationship between hMaM mRNA expression and pathological stages(χ~2=(0.5936),P0.05).There were obvious differences between breast cancer group and benign breast diseases group,other cancers group or healthy persons group in the expression of hMaM mRNA(χ~2=8.96,13.49 and 10.32 respectively,P0.005).Conclusion hMaM mRNA is a characteristic biomarker of breast cancer and its expression in peripheral blood indicates micrometastasis of breast cancer through blood.


Pavlovian conditioning from a foraging perspective James J. Anderson (firstname.lastname@example.com) School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195 USA Chloe Bracis (firstname.lastname@example.com) Quantitative Ecology and Resource Management, University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195 USA R. Andrew Goodwin (email@example.com) Environmental Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research & Development Center, Portland, OR 97208 USA Abstract Principles in foraging and standard associative learning theories motivate a model for Pavlovian conditioning. The model tracks distal and proximal scales of expected reward probabilities plus the strength of signal-reward association. A combined reward probability is developed by combining the distal and proximal estimates through their uncertainties. Possible neural structure equivalents to the model variables are discussed. Model flexibility is demonstrated with data on the partial reinforcement extinction effect, a phenomenon difficult to explain with learning models. Keywords: Mathematical model; Pavlovian conditioning; associative learning; foraging theory; partial reinforcement extinction effect, neural structures. Foraging and Associative Learning Pavlovian conditioning (PC), or associative learning, is one of the most well studied psychological processes and has an array of associated phenomena. The two main processes, acquisition of a behavior by pairing a signal and reward in trials and extinction of the behavior by removing the reward during the trials, can be explained by a number of models, the most common being the delta model where learning is guided by the error, i.e. delta, between the expected and received reward per trial (Rescorla & Wagner, 1972). However, the basic delta model cannot explain other widely known phenomena, including spontaneous recovery of behavior when signaling trials are conducted after extinguishing the behavior and the partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE) where intermittent rewards during acquisition trials increase the resistance to extinguishing behavior and strengthen the response during spontaneous recovery trials. In particular, the PREE challenges associative models of PC, since lower reward expectations for partial compared to continuous reinforcement would appear in principle to produce faster extinction. One theory for PREE involve the rate of reinforcement, such the ratio of the current cumulative signal duration since the last reward to the average signal duration between rewards (Gallistel & Gibbon, 2000). However, this result is not supported experimentally (Haselgrove et al., 2004). An alternative verbal model proposed by Pearce et al. (1997) assumed that unrewarded trials during partial reinforcement schedules create a different context where the unrewarded trials signal rewarded trials. We develop a model that readily explains PC phenomenon in what we believe is a robust manner. Our model builds on PC and foraging theories and the neuroscience of memory and decision-making. Animals in natural and laboratory environments meld their past and current experiences in making decisions; it is often assumed that the laws and processes in both environments are similar if not identical. In foraging, animals choose between staying in the current patch and moving to another. Deciding when to give up on a patch depends on the expected reward rate of the current patch relative to the expected reward rate on another patch discounted for the interpatch travel time (Charnov, 1976). In PC the response rate reflects expectations within the single environment as dependent on learning and unlearning of signal-reward associations (Bouton, 1993). Notably, in both frameworks, responses are based on comparisons of distal and proximal information. Distal information in PC is the memory of the previous signal-reward patterns, while in foraging distal information is the memory of the average habitat reward rate. Proximal information in PC reflects the most recent reward outcomes, while in foraging it reflects the expected foraging rate in the current patch. In both frameworks, expected reward for the next trial is computed by a delta rule, which is an exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) that adds a percentage of the most recent outcome to a percentage of the previous expectation. The two frameworks diverge in how non-reward events and extinction are treated. PC models commonly consider acquisition-extinction patterns in terms of distinct learning streams. A stream developed during the acquisition phase of the experiment characterizes signal-reward expectations, and a second stream developed during the extinction phase characterizes a signal-no reward expectation. Extinction learning inhibits the original acquisition learning (Bouton, 1993). However, when animals are retested after some interval of time the extinction learning is forgotten and spontaneous recovery of the original learning appears (Sissons & Miller, 2009). In foraging models, the learning streams do not inhibit each other nor are they forgotten.


ABSTRACT: A randomized, investigator-masked trial determined the effects of oral recombinant human transforming growth factor-α (TGFα) on jejunal mucosal recovery in 75 piglets with rotavirus diarrhea. Rotavirus inoculation of artificially reared piglets induced subtotal (∼50%) villus atrophy and watery diarrhea. Dietary TGFα was associated with significant restoration of villus surface area by 4 d postinoculation (p.i.) and complete restoration by 8 d p.i., whereas saline-treated animals required 12 d for recovery. Jejuna segments from clinically recovered TGFα-treated piglets showed an increase in electrical resistance across the epithelial barrier in vitro which was proportional to villus height. TGFα treatment for 12 d also produced a 30–50% increase in jejunal mucosal mass (protein content and wet weight), compared with the corresponding values in salinetreated piglets and in uninfected controls. However, oral TGFα did not hasten the resolution of diarrhea, enhance the specific activities of jejunal mucosal digestive enzymes, or increase jejunal glucose-stimulated Na+ absorption in vitro. We conclude that dietary TGFα stimulates jejunal mucosal hypertrophy, improves barrier function, and enhances regrowth of villi in rotavirus enteritis; however, it does not facilitate the restoration of functional activity or mucosal digestive enzymes. Oral TGFα can facilitate intestinal epithelial recovery in diseases associated with mucosal damage.


Here we describe an automated UPLC-MS based method for the analysis and quality confirmation of the intact mass for protein sequence variants. The automated workflow is implemented using Bruker Daltonics' Biopharma CompassTM software which allows for data acquisition, processing and analysis to occur with minimal user intervention. Data acquisition is set up through Biopharma Compass ensuring all acquisition parameters are traceably linked to the samples analysed and any future processing that may occur. Post-acquisition samples are automatically processed to determine the intact mass of the protein sequence variant. The difference in measured mass from the theoretical mass is calculated indicating whether the measured mass is within the specified acceptance criteria. The intensity fraction of the major species is also displayed as a percentage, providing information on sample homogeneity. Application Note # LCMS-78 Automated Analysis of Protein Sequence Variants by LC-MS Under the Control of BioPharma Compass B ru ke r D al to ni cs is c on tin ua lly im pr ov in g its p ro du ct s an d re se rv es t he r ig ht to c ha ng e sp ec ifi ca tio ns w ith ou t no tic e. © B ru ke r D al to ni cs 1 220 12 , L C M S -7 8, # 70 4 81 9


In this paper we propose an image enhancement algorithm that is based on utilizing histogram data gathered from transform domain coefficients that will improve on the limitations of the histogram equalization method. Traditionally, classical histogram equalization has had some problems due to its inherent dynamic range expansion. Many images with data tightly clustered around certain intensity values can be over enhanced by standard histogram equalization, leading to artifacts and overall tonal change of the image. In the transform domain, one has control over subtle image properties such as low and high frequency content with their respective magnitudes and phases. However, due to the nature of many of these transforms, the coefficient's histograms may be so tightly packed that distinguishing them from one another may be impossible. By placing the transform coefficients in the logarithmic transform domain, it is easy to see the difference between different quality levels of images based upon their logarithmic transform coefficient histograms. Our results demonstrate that combing the spatial method of histogram equalization with logarithmic transform domain coefficient histograms achieves a much more balanced enhancement, that out performs classical histogram equalization.


The purpose of this study was to analyse: (1) The Effect of Leadership Style on Employee Performance at Perum Bulog Padang Sidempuan City Branch Office; (2) The Effect of Work Motivation on Employee Performance at Perum Bulog Padang Sidempuan City Branch Office; (3) The Effect of Leadership Style and Work Motivation on Employee Performance at Perum Bulog Padang Sidempuan City Branch Office. The method in this study uses a quantitative associative approach, the number of samples in this study were 50 respondents by taking all employees. The data collection technique in this study used a questionnaire or questionnaire distributed to Perum Bulog employees at the Padang Sidempuan City Branch Office. Data analysis techniques using multiple linear regression, classical assumption test, t test, f test and coefficient of determination. Data processing in this study using SPSS 25.00 for windows. Based on the results of the study, it shows that the Leadership Style partially has a significant effect on Employee Performance at Perum Bulog Padang Sidempuan City Branch Office. Then Work Motivation has a significant effect on Employee Performance at Perum Bulog Padang Sidempuan City Branch Office. Leadership Style and Work Motivation simultaneously have a significant effect on Employee Performance at Perum Bulog Padang Sidempuan City Branch Office.


Topic and Discourse Structure in West Greenlandic Agreement Constructions by Anna Mary Sophia Berge B.A. (University of Wisconsin at Madison) 1988 M.A. (University o f California at Berkeley) 1991 M.L.I.S. (University of California at Berkeley) 1992 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction o f the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics in the GRADUATE DIVISION of the UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA at BERKELEY Committee in charge: Professor Richard Rhodes, Co-Chair Professor Gary Holland, Co-Chair Professor Leanne Hinton Professor Thomas Shannon Spring 1997 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.


As the Internet becomes popular,more and more enterprise applications are constructed based on web.This essay is to introduce how to construct B/S architecture,three tier application in the baccy industry through a real sample: Chenzhou transportation BJMIS.Since this system being adopted,Chenzhou Cigarette Factory can make better use of spare part,reduce the total cost.


This dissertation investigates the meaning of so-called inchoative states (INSs) in Korean (e. G. Nulk'old') that do not fit into Vendler (1967)'s aspectual classification, in that they show properties of both atelic (states) and telic (change-of-state) predicates. Building on Bar-el (2005), this dissertation proposes that INSs in Korean are semantically complex predicates describing a sequence of two events, one that is a change of state of the kind an achievement would describe, immediately followed by a second that is an eventuality of the kind a typical state would describe. Crucially, the change-of-state event constitutes the prior change bringing the state about. Moreover, INSs in Korean break down into two classes : INSs vs. Degree INSs. Drawing a parallel with degree achievements (DA) in English, the following claim is put forth : the property described by a degree INS becomes instantiated to at least the minimal value that counts as having the property in question. On its telic construal, a degree INS in Korean is thus interpreted as 'become S' (Kearns2007), but not as a 'become maximally S' (Hay et al. 1999), unlike a DA. Three experiments are designed and carried out to investigate Korean children's knowledge of the meaning of (degree) INSs : (i) a preference task ; (ii) a truth value judgment task and (iii) a grammaticality judgment task. The results show that, by about 4 years of age, children can generally distinguish (degree) INS from stative predicates as well as from achievements. The experimental studies thus provides novel experimental evidence from Korean child language for the claim that (degree) INS constitute a distinct class of predicates with rspect to Vendler's four-way classification.


In this study, high-density single crystalline Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) nanorods were grown on glass substrate by the hydrothermal method. The structural and optoelectronic properties of Ga-doped ZnO nanorods were studied. The microstructure of the GZO was studied by scanning electrical microscope (SEM). The structural characteristics of the GZO were measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was found that the peaks related to the wurtzite structure ZnO (100), (002), and (101) diffraction peaks. The (002) peak indicates that the nanorods were preferentially oriented in the c-axis direction. The existence of Ga was examined by energy diffraction spectra (EDS), indicating the Ga atom entered into the ZnO lattice. The optical properties of the GZO were measured by photoluminescence spectra. It was found that all GZO nanorod arrays showed two different emissions, including UV (ultraviolet) and green emissions. GZO nanorod metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors (PD) were also fabricated. The photo-current and dark-current constant ratio of the fabricated PD was approximately 15.2 when biased at 1 V.


In 1989 Ungerleider et al.22 provided one of the first demonstrations of the use of intraoperative echocardiography in congenital heart surgery. Transducers covered in sterile latex were directly applied to the anterior surface of the heart in order to assess ventricular function before and after cardiopulmonary bypass, and to document the adequacy of the surgical repair. Their findings "directed specific and efficient repair immediately so that all patients left the operating room with documented surgically acceptable results. Comparison of ventricular function between preand post-bypass studies enabled appropriate application of pharmacologic agents in the operating room if necessary."22 These data provided strong support to the notion that intraoperative echocardiography could guide specific surgical or anesthetic adjustments in pediatric cardiac surgery. These observations were supported by additional investigations and underscore the useful role of epicardial echocardiography in the surgical management of congenital heart disease (CHD).23–26 Epicardial echocardiography at the present time is reserved for tiny infants in whom the currently available transesophageal probes cannot be used because of size constraints and in patients with contraindications to esophageal instrumentation. Despite its benefits, epicardial echocardiography may have limitations related to transducer size, inadequate windows of interrogation, potential for hemodynamic alterations, and requirement for participation and experience in cardiovascular imaging by the surgeon.


Dynamic models of earthquake rupture and slip are a powerful method by which to investigate the physics of earthquakes. Owing to both conceptual and computational constraints, dynamic earthquake models have largely been limited to cases with geometrical symmetry, such as faults in unbounded media or vertical faults. However, there are both observational and theoretical reasons to believe that nonvertical dip-slip faults behave differently from faults with more symmetrical geometries. Previous observations have shown greater ground motion from thrust/reverse faults than normal faults and higher ground motion on hanging walls than on footwalls. In the present work, two-dimensional dynamic simulations of thrust/reverse and normal earthquakes show precisely these effects and also elucidate their causes. For typical nonvertical dip-slip faults the breakdown of symmetry with respect to the free surface allows radiated seismic waves to reflect off the free surface and to hit the fault again, altering the stress field on the fault. This process can lead to time-dependent normal stress and a feedback between the friction/rupture processes and seismic radiation. This interaction leads to thrust/reverse faults producing much higher fault and ground motion than normal faults with the same geometry and stress magnitudes. The asymmetric geometry also directly leads to higher motion on the hanging walls of such faults than on the footwalls. Simulations show that these effects occur for a variety of dip angles but only for faults that either intersect or closely approach the free surface. The results emphasize the strong effect that the free surface can have on the dynamics of fault rupture and slip.


Objectives: To conduct a nationwide telephone survey in order to gather data on some of the quantifiable characteristics of home-based community integration programmes available in the US to adults with brain injury.Design: Survey.Methods: The Community Integration Programme Questionnaire (CIPQ) was used to interview 13 home-based community integration programmes. This study then used descriptive statistics to analyse the characteristics of the programmes.Outcome: There was a good deal of variability in client and programmatic characteristics.Conclusions: There is considerable variability in characteristics among home-based community integration programmes.


This chapter explores social workers' application of practice evidence in their everyday work in team and agency contexts. Practice evidence concerns the practitioner seeking the best available knowledge, accessed, adapted, and applied to guide practice with clients. How social workers decide which sources to draw from and which are appropriate sources of evidence for practice is based on many considerations. These include the social worker's values and ethics for practice, legislative and policy requirements, professional standards of practice, and the range of theories applied to any case or situation encountered in practice. Practice wisdom, or the experience gained in the repetition of seeing the same kind of client presentations across time, produces a further source which is drawn upon within the social worker's repertoire of knowledge. In this sense, there are multiple knowledge frameworks within which social workers operate, balancing contradictory and competing discourses about "what works" in any practice situation.


The phenomena of refracted flow exist in sudden expansion flow. Under condition of symmetric boundary, flow refracts randomly. Computing sudden expansion flow, the random function can be used to generate a random number. It can determine direction of iterating. The numerical simulation can correspond with results of experiment in this way.


This research addresses youth entrepreneurship nowadays, a very difficult and crucial period for Greece and Europe in general, which has been plagued by the economic crisis, with the incidental effects of unemployment, underdevelopment, poverty, insecurity and uncertainty, in every manifestation of our social life and professional life.
The aim of the research conducted, is to examine the contribution of European programs and particular the programs «Erasmus+» and «Erasmus for Youth Entrepreneurs» in the development of personal and business skills of young people


The answer to this question was a resounding, "No!" from the group gathered in Medellin, Colombia, during the week of March 4–9, 2013, as the third generation of the Doctoral Program in Agroecology began its threemonth series of courses. Directed by Dr. Clara Nicholls and the University of Antioquia, with co-sponsorship by Dr. Miguel Altieri and the Latin America Scientific Society for Agroecology (SOCLA), the doctoral program is designed to consolidate a growing school of agroecological thought and action into a foundation for creating the solutions and alternatives needed in Latin American and Caribbean food systems. This program appears at a critical time in the development of new models of agrarian action in the region, especially in the context of the combined impacts of climate change, food system injustices, environmental degradation, economic crisis, and population growth. The student group was made up of 22 participants from eight Latin American countries, from Cuba to Brazil. With backgrounds that ranged across the social and natural sciences, all of the students were united in their goal of creating changes in the dominant Latin American food system paradigm from the first so-called Green Revolution. They were calling for an agroecological revolution instead. I had the privilege of being invited to participate in the program with talks and lectures on the ecological and cultural foundations of agroecology. By linking agroecology to the growing momentum of local food security, food sovereignty, and food justice movements, a strong force is being fostered for developing alternatives to the too-often overwhelming forces of free markets, energy dependence, and transnational corporations that control the food system from the seed to markets. During the week I was part of the course, we explored not only the problems of the current food system paradigm, but also the vast network of emerging agroecological science, practice, and social movements promoting alternatives. By the time the students finish their three months of courses, they will be prepared to return to their communities with both the capacity as well as the commitment to help redesign food systems based on local knowledge and local needs, and also capable of meeting food needs of more distant consumers. They will have developed an ability to work trans-disciplinarily and interculturally in ways that have climatic, energetic, environmental, social, and financial dimensions.


AbstractIn the present study, DREAM(ZS) and DREAM(ABC) (which stands for differential evolution adaptive metropolis) algorithms were applied to determine the parameters' uncertainty in a single-eve...


This article describes the peculiarities of functional and psychological states of girls 17-22 years of age, living in the south of the Tyumen region, as well as an assessment of the level of adaptation to the process of teaching at the University.


A possible form of ρ~0-ω mixing is proposed. The mixing coupling constant is determined by (ρ~0,ω)→π~+π~- decay rates. The (σ~0,ω) positron-electron pair decay rates are calculated andit is found that the mixing effect contributes 9.4% enhancement to σ~0→e~+e~- and 2.6% reduction to ω→e~+e~- decay processes.


This paper proposes a methodology to estimate the monetary target and the probability of monetary intervention in Taiwan. The methodology is based on the estimation of a regime switching model. Empirical results show that a target band between 0.95 and 2.17 percent per month has been in effect, and most often the monetary authority has followed a non-interventionist policy. It is probable that the monetary authority engaged in an expansionary policy when intervention was warranted. Adjustments of the rediscount rate by the central bank were found to be consistent with the magnitude of the intervention pressure as predicted by the model.


In the field of Internet of Things (IoT), many encryption protocols for distributed wireless communication technology have been proposed for use in various applications such as monitoring, healthcare, product management, workplace, home support and surveillance [1]. An IoT system can be looked at as a highly dynamic distributed and networked system composed of a large number of smart devices. In fact, such connected devices suffer from the limitation of resources in terms of computing, energy, bandwidth and storage. Hence, IoT application scenarios require methods to adapt to highly diverse contexts with different available resources and possibly dynamic environments. In this paper, we address these issues by proposing an efficient technique for data protection in the context of IoT. A distributed network architecture is used, where each node is in charge to deliver and/or forward data. The aim is to use efficient operations to protect the exchanged data. The proposed technique ensures the exchanged data to be effectively and securely controlled with a low overhead compared to the classical approaches. The proposed protocol shows its efficiency in terms of overhead, speed, energy and security measurements.


Objective To study the expression of VEGF and the microvascular density in breast cancer tissue of mice transfected with IL-23(mIL-23)and to examine whether the expression of VEGF is affected by IL-23 gene transfection.MethodsIL-23 gene was transfected into two packing cell lines(ecotropic ψ2 and amphotropic PA317),respectively,with a retrovirus vector(LXSN).Positive cellular clones that can produce retroviruses carrying IL-23 gene were screened by G418.Retroviruses were used to transduce the mIL-23 gene into mouse mammary cancer cells(MA-891).After screened by G418,IL-23/MA-891 cells expressing IL-23 protein were obtained.Expression of IL-23 protien in IL-23/MA-891 cells was detected by ELISA.Proliferation of MA-891,LXSN/MA-891 and IL-23/MA-891 cells was detected by MTT in vitro.Three kinds of inoculated tumor were harvested on day 30 after s.c injection.Expression of mRNA and protein of VEGF was detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.Microvascular density(stained with CD34)in the grafted tumor tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry,observed under optical microscope and the value of MVD was calculated.ResultsIn the IL-23 gene-transfected tumor group,the expression of mRNA and protein of VEGF was lower than that in LXSN/MA-891 and MA-891 groups.Meanwhile,the microvascular density was lower in IL-23/MA-891 tumor cell group(18.23±6.92)than in LXSN/MA-891 group(36.13±10.40)and MA-891 group(38.16±12.30,P0.01).ConclusionIL-23 secreted from IL-23/MA-891 cells exerts its anti-tumor effect by reducing the expression of VEGF and MVD,and by inhibiting the angiogenesis in tumors.


PURPOSE
Lithium disilicate (LDS) glass-ceramic restorations are routinely used, but results over a period longer than 10 years are rare. The objective of this study was to obtain long-term clinical data on monolithic LDS posterior crowns provided by a single restorative dentist.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Eligible patients who received a circumferential LDS crown in the posterior region between 1997 and 2010 were invited to participate in a clinical examination in 2015. This consisted of intraoral inspection and radiographs, performed by one observer and according to standardized criteria. Probability of survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.

RESULTS
A total of 13 patients (n = 87 restorations) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Of these, 12 patients were available for clinical evaluation (n = 74 restorations). After 5, 10, and 15 years, the cumulative chance of survival of the restoration was 92%, 85.5%, and 81.9%, respectively, with a median observation period of 12.8 years. Of the 74 restorations, 13 failed: 4 because of secondary caries, 2 because of debonding, and 7 because of fracture of the restoration.

CONCLUSION
Lithium disilicate can be regarded as a strong and fracture-load-resistant restorative material providing reliable long-term clinical performance.


For the purpose of genetic characterization of strains of sheep in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a morphometric characterization of Kupreška Pramenka has been performed. A total of 62 heads were measured, 56 ewes and 6 rams. The average height of the withers of ewes was 69.71 cm, the height of the hook was 70.57 cm, the body length was 72.57 cm, the chest width behind the shoulders was 21.12 cm, chest depth 31.98 cm, width of the hips was 20.28 cm, the chest volume was 90.95 cm and the circumference volume was 7.91 cm. The rams had an average height of 75.33 cm at the withers, the hook height of 76.33 cm, the body length 78.83 cm, the chest width behind the shoulders was 24.33 cm, chest depth 34.50 cm, width of the hips was 22.00 cm, chest volume was 98.50 cm and the circumference volume was 9.33 cm. In sheep and rams measures that have been shown the highest correlation and statistically highly significant difference were those related to the process of growth and development of the animal, and these are: the height of the withers and hook (r = 0.841 for ewes and r = 1.00 for rams), while the other hand, there are measures that do not show correlative relationship as hook height and chest volume (r = 0.155 for ewes and r = 0.533 for rams).


In 2020–22, multilingual vaccination communication became an urgent priority around the world, requiring trusted communication in non-official languages. In Brussels, Melbourne and Shanghai, quite different legal frameworks and language policies were challenged by the need for behavior-change communication in a wide range of culturally and linguistically diverse communities. In all three cases, practices were developed that showed the limitations of existing translation policies. Here we use policy analysis to explore the nature of those challenges, to compare the different solutions found in the three cities, and to propose how policies might be developed and adjusted to enhance time-pressured trust-building communication.


The rough ride problem is one of the major problems in the maintenance of heavy trucks, and it often frustrates truck engineers due to the large number of vibration sources causing vibrations in the driver's cab and cargo space. However, the Knowledge Based Expert System (KBES) approach provides a framework for organizing diagnostic solutions to the problems that can currently be solved only by a handful of highly experienced human experts using large amounts of domain-specific knowledge. Thexfm, the goals of my research are to extract and codify the knowledge of expert engineers for a better understanding of heavy truck dynamics and rough ride trouble-shooting, to &sign an expert system (RE Ride Expert), capable of diagnosing rough ride trucks by identifying inherent vibration sources. Two levels of knowledge are stored in RE'S knowledge base, enabling it to find the problem sources from the symptoms and the fault signatures which are usually the results of analysis of vibration signals collected from various parts of the truck by a multi-probe system. Causal-level knowledge is extracted from Mechanical Signature Analysis, MSA, which manifests the signatures of trouble sources and hence finds the sources by using Spectrum Analysis techniques, whereas shallow-level knowledge is the heuristic knowledge extracted Erom expert engineers who accumulated this kind of knowledge by their own experience in trouble-shooting. The advantages of combining these two levels of knowledge are the capability of covering a wide range of rough ride problems, high diagnosis efficiency and better explanation features. A set of MSA techniques capable of identifying the sources of rough ride problems have been investigated and tested on road, and the signal processing subsystem for these techniques has been implemented The main KBES structure for rough ride diagnosis has been designed.


The authors have carried out research about how Standards of Students' Physical Health has been applied in Shanxi Finance and Tax College and analyzed the results.The purpose is find to problems and solutions so as to improve the future work and students' level of health as well.


Purpose – This paper aims to report on research that investigates the use of green clauses in leases of office and retail premises in England and Wales. Design/methodology/approach – The authors examined 26 recent leases of green build properties registered at HM Land Registry. The green clauses discovered were classified and compared with the model form green clauses promoted by the London-based Better Building Partnership's Green Lease Toolkit. Findings – Of the 26 leases analysed, 18 contained some form of green provision. Research limitations/implications – As the sample selected was not representative, a larger study is needed to detect trends in green leasing. This research method does not show the impact of green clauses on property management. Practical implications – This research illustrates the types of clauses that have been used in leases but also shows that green leasing principles are not yet the industry standard. Many new, long leases still make no reference to environmental practices. Or...


In this report we describe a patient with neonatal cholestasis who was found to have a liver lesion with suspicious imaging features, although ultimately it was histologically proved to be a pseudotumor. We discuss the characteristic features and imaging findings of macroregenerative nodules of the liver.


Protein complexes are groups of two or more associated proteins which are in a stable long-term interaction. This paper examine how well protein complexes are supported in protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, i.e. whether they form connected subnetworks in a particular PPI network. For that purpose, we apply a variable neighborhood search metaheuristic algorithm for adding the minimum number of interactions in order to support each protein complex. Obtained experimental results can be useful for further biological interpretation and developing of PPI prediction models.


This book, the product of collaboration by an international team of European social scientists, focuses on the emergence and operation of local partnerships to combat social exclusion in European Union nations. This timely study is built on case analysis of samples of local partnerships in 10 EU nations; seven are given chapter-length treatment in the book. The central goals of the authors are to explain the cross-national diversity in frequency and form of local partnerships and their successes and failures in addressing poverty and social exclusion.


The cobalt-catalyzed decomposition of tert.-butyl hydroperoxide in the presence of a number of five-membered heterocycles is described. With tetrahydrofuran displacement of the alpha-hydrogen atom by a peroxy group is observed; with furan and pyrrole 1.4 addition of peroxy radicals takes place. Thiophen does not react under the conditions used.


Interlayer dielectric (ILD) cracking can result in short circuits of multilevel interconnects. This paper presents a reliability model for ILD cracking induced by fast thermal cycling (FTC) stress. FTC tests have been performed under different temperature ranges (∆T) and minimum temperatures (Tmin). The Weibull distributions of time to failure are relatively well behaved with a similar slope. The number of cycles to failure increases with increasing Tmin, even though ∆T increases. The Coffin-Manson law is used to model the failure rate only for test results having the same Tmin. The obtained exponent value is in the range of brittle material cracking mechanism, which is confirmed by failure analysis and modeling of the failure mechanism. An extended Coffin-Manson law is developed to model failure rates during FTC stress.


How to organize data is a challenge for large scale machine learning, especially in healthcare area where privacy and regulation of data sharing need to be addressed carefully. Recently techniques, such as Federated Learning, aim to build incentive models on distributed and unstructured data for data transparent ecosystems. I implemented the technique shown in the paper[1] that trains the deep neural network on 4 separate client sites with no data centralization but only the communication of model weights, and obtained the result with test accuracy around 74%. Furthermore, I extended the work in the paper by investigating the difficult scenarios that happens in real life including data quality and class imbalance.


The understanding of medical knowledge regarding cardiac shape and cardiovascular system is essentially required for a medical personnel as well as a medical technician. Correct acquisition of medical knowledge through cardiac miniature model is very critical because it is directly related to a patient life. therefore replica model is necessary for the education regarding cardiac and cardiovascular system. In this study anatomical cardiovascular system on fluoroscopy can be shown by cardiac and cardiovascular fluoroscopy replica model. Also, it helps to understand a cardiovascular radiograph. Consequentially medical personnel and medical technician are able to take advantage of this equipment to understand cardiovascular fluoroscopy system.


Examines data on the working and living conditions of 25- to 34-year-old Australians, highlighting the extent and type of risks connected with the country's changed labor market. A review of some case studies indicates that the increasing inequity in job opportunities offers significant risk of lifetime disadvantage for those unable to establish themselves in sustainable employment. It is recommended that policies aimed at this age group must also address broader institutional systems in order to be effective.


The paper presents research of the structure of the geomagnetic field in correlation with
the neotectonic regionalization. The territory of the Republic of Macedonia, according
to the neotectonic processes, is divided in three zones: Western - Macedonian zone
which include Alpine orogeny and Pelagonian massif, Vardar zone and Eastern - Macedonian zone which is part of the old Paleozioc rock mass on the Balkan Peninsula.

Anomalous geomagnetic field on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia is presented with regional and local components. Selection of the repeat stations density
and the method for data processing is adapted to separate the regional from the local
component of the anomalous geomagnetic field.

The paper presents maps of the elements of the regional anomalous geomagnetic field
and the map of the Z - component for the local field.


Accurate and reliable measurements of surface tension at the interface of immiscible phases are crucial to understanding various physico-chemical reactions taking place between those. Based on the pendant drop method, an optical (graphical)-numerical procedure was developed to determine surface tension and its dependency on the surrounding temperature. For modeling and experimental verification, chemically inert and thermally stable perfluorocarbon (PFC) oil and water was used. Starting with geometrical force balance, governing equations were derived to provide non-dimensional parameters which were later used to extract values for surface tension. Comparative study verified the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method.


In an endeavour to encourage the use of archival resources in business history research, this article indicates which repositories contain the most useful collections of relevant records, explains why these documents are of such importance, assesses their strengths and weaknesses for historical investigation, and suggests the types of question each collection is most suited to address. It also tries to ease the pain of using these repositories by outlining what finding aids are available and suggesting any short cuts or necessary preliminary steps to their successful use. Finally it offers some ideas of organisations which exist, in part, to help the researcher locate papers on specific topics or firms.


The development of the civil limitation of evidence production system in China has experienced three phases: the free evidence production stage,the formally time-limited evidence production stage,and the time-limited evidence production stage.Regulations on Civil Action Evidence,promulgated by the Supreme People's Court,establishes strict limitations of evidence production system which has some flaws,including the too severe sanction for delayed evidence,no completely auxiliary measure,some defects on the rules of determination evidence time-limitation and no relief measures on judge's unsuitable directions.It is suggested that the system be revised effectively based on the overseas experiences and China's national situation.


Since 1980s,opto-electronic detection and tracking technique are developing quickly.The warship opto-electronic fine control system plays a more and more important part in warship's battle,and it can not be replaced.A naval shipe opto-eletronic fire control system constiuction,function and characteristics are described.


In this paper we argue that countries have strong incentives to harmonize policies more quickly in regional agreements than they do in a multilateral setting. The set up of this paper is as follows. First, in section 2 we discuss the role of standards in international trade negotiations in the GATT/WTO. Section 3 reviews the way the EC has achieved a high degree of harmonization of standards. In section 4 we discuss economic theories that indicate under which circumstances countries will be able to improve their social welfare by concluding a Standardization Union. Subsequently, we introduce the role of various political actors by introducing theories of regulatory blocs like the EU are the subject of section 5. Conclusions of the paper are presented in section 6.


The nearest neighbor inquiry is foundational and important in both mobile computing research and real life applications.Nearest neighbor inquiry based on Voronoi diagrams has been studied for quite a long time in Computational Geometry.Which concrete index structure to inquire the spatial search used in the nearest neighbor inquire based on the Voronoi diagram in the past research is rarely mentioned.In this paper a new index structure VR-tree is presented,which combines the advantage of Voronoi diagram in the field of resolving nearest neighbor inquiry with the traditional R-tree.Then proposed a NN inquiry algorithm which is based on VR-tree index structure.It has been proved in theory that it is superior to the algorithm of neighbor inquiry which based on R-tree index structure.


A simple ultra-wideband(UWB) monopole antenna with dual band-notches is presented in this paper.Embedded open stub resonator and edge-similar stub resonator are investigated to obtain the dual band-notched functions,respectively.The dual band notches include the IEEE 802.16(WiMax) band(3.3~3.6 GHz),and the wireless local area network(WLAN) band(5.15-5.85 GHz).By controlling the geometrical parameters of the proposed resonators,the center frequencies and bandwidths of the notches can be controlled independently.Prototype of proposed antenna is fabricated with the standard printed circuit-board(PCB) technology.The band-notched characteristics,return loss,radiation pattern,peak gain and efficiency of the antenna are measured.A good agreement is achieved between simulated and measured results.


In order to develop and validate methods for the preimplantation diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), we have established and evaluated PCR assays for the analysis of four loci within the DMD gene and for two Y chromosome sequences in single cells. A model system using buccal cells picked from mouthwash samples has been used for an extensive evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of the assays, and each assay has been tested in samples containing single cells, two cells, and three cells per tube. The four DMD and two Y assays have been combined in duplex and triplex reactions to enable simultaneous diagnosis ofDMD and offetal sex. One of the DMD markers is a highly polymorphic simple tandem repeat locus which produces a basic DNA profile, and provides a control for contamination by foreign DNA. Amplification of DMD or Y sequences was observed in 78 to 92% of single male cells, rising to 96% and 97% in tubes containing two or three male cells respectively. Coamplification of both a DMD and a Y sequence together occurred with a mean success of 74% in single male cells, increasing to 93% with two, and 95% with three cells per tube. With appropriate precautions, we believe that it is now possible to proceed to clinical application of these procedures. (J Med Genet 1993;30:903-9) Paediatric Research Unit, Division of Medical and Molecular Genetics UMDS, 8th floor, Guy's Tower, Guy's Hospital, London SEI 9RT, UK. C Holding* D Bentley R Roberts M Bobrow C Mathew Correspondence to Dr Mathew. * Present address: Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street. London WC1N 1EH. Received 19 April 1993. Accepted 27 May 1993. The sensitivity of the polymerase chain reaction method (PCR)' makes it possible to amplify specific DNA molecules from a single cell. This was first shown by Li et al,2 who analysed genetic markers from single sperm by probing PCR products with radiolabelled allele specific oligonucleotides in order to generate high resolution linkage maps. Another potential application of this technique is for the preimplantation diagnosis (PID) of genetic disease, by genetic analysis of a blastomere biopsy from an in vitro fertilised (IVF) preimplantation embryo. This strategy of embryo selection offers an important reproductive choice to families who find termination of pregnancy unacceptable, or who have already had several terminations of pregnancy after prenatal diagnosis of a genetic disorder. Handyside et aP' showed that single blastomeres could be sexed by amplification of a Y specific sequence which is present at 500 to 8000 copies per cell. Nested PCR, a procedure using an outer pair of PCR primers for an initial series of cycles, and an inner pair for subsequent reamplification, provided the increased sensitivity and specificity necessary to detect and analyse single copy sequences in single cells.45 Early reports of the clinical application of these techniques have appeared based on removal of a single cell from eight cell stage embryos,67 or on the analysis of polar bodies.8 However, diagnostic errors have occurred in two of 10 pregnancies established after preimplantation diagnosis. A fetus diagnosed as female was subsequently found to be male by prenatal diagnosis and the pregnancy was terminated,910 and a fetus diagnosed by blastomere biopsy as unaffected with cystic fibrosis was shown by prenatal diagnosis to be affected.'" It is a tribute to the sensitivity of available techniques that single cell genetic diagnosis can even be considered, but if these procedures are to move into regular clinical practice, it is essential to establish the reliability with which single gene defects can be detected, and to design assays with adequate safeguards against technical error in diagnosis.'213 Diagnostic accuracy is improved if: (1) results always depend on the presence rather than the absence of a particular band; (2) more than one locus can be tested to reinforce the results; and (3) simultaneous checks can be run for contamination by foreign DNA. We have developed such systems for the preimplantation diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The ethical and practical difficulties of testing large numbers of human blastomeres have led us to develop a model system for validation of PCR assays using single buccal epithelial cells. This has the advantage of relatively easy sample collection from persons of known genotypes. In order to provide secure information on DMD genotype, fetal sex, and DNA contamination, it is necessary to test more than one locus simultaneously. We have evaluated PCR amplification of four different single copy sequences (pERT8715, pERT87-8, exon 50, STR50) in the X linked DMD gene, which contain polymorphic DNA markers that are commonly used in carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of DMD, or are markers for intragenic deletions which occur frequently in DMD patients. One or more of these sequences were amplified simultaneously with 903 group.bmj.com on January 13, 2018 Published by http://jmg.bmj.com/ Downloaded from


An investigation was made of the dependences of the intermodal beat frequency of a linear laser and of the difference frequency of a ring laser on the gain of the active medium and the losses in the resonator. These dependences made it possible to determine the reduction in the frequency pulling with increasing output power, relative to the total pulling. A determination of this reduction made it possible to compare the results of experiments carried out under different conditions. A comparison was made of the experimental results with the calculations.


The dataset is captured using two different plenoptic cameras, namely Illum from Lytro (based on plenoptic 1.0 model) and R29 from Raytrix (based on plenoptic 2.0 model). The scenes selected for th ...


Lamb production was evaluated in three herbage treatments (Pasture mix, Plantain mix and Chicory mix) in two consecutive early spring periods. The hypothesis was that the Plantain and Chicory mixes would produce greater weaned lamb liveweight gains than the Pasture mix. The lambs were rotationally grazed weekly in the herbage treatments and weighed fortnightly and carcass data collected at slaughter. Both Plantain and Chicory mixes produced heavier (P < 0.05) carcasses at slaughter (21.1 ± 0.11, 21.8 ± 0.11 and 22.3 ± 0.38 in Experiment 1 followed by 18.1 ± 0.17, 20.3 ± 0.17 and 19.7 ± 0.17 in Experiment 2 for the Pasture, Plantain and Chicory mixes, respectively). Lambs had greater (P < 0.05) liveweight gains and dressing-out percentages in Experiment 2 (39.5 ± 0.29, 41.4 ± 0.29 and 41.3 ± 0.29 for the Pasture, Plantain and Chicory mixes, respectively), than the Pasture mix in the early spring period. Therefore, these herb-clover mixes could be an alternative feed source in the early spring period compared with ryegrass/white clover pastures for finishing lambs.


What Ford and Sciamanna seem to believe is that our study participants were individually randomized to each of the experimental conditions (as would be the case in a clinical trial). However, this was not the case. Physician practices were randomized and patients were then to be treated within the randomization scheme. Therefore, the patients who were referred to the Nutrition Center Model by their physicians but did not ever enter therapy (ie, were never enrolled) cannot be included in the analyses. In a clinical trial, they would not have been randomized because they would have been excluded owing to disinterest. As we said in the article, we made considerable effort to enroll them, but they were not interested in joining the study. We thought that we had been very conservative with regard to analyses by including all patients who had entered therapy regardless of whether their serum cholesterol levels were


The invention relates to a cannula for a multi-function syringe of the dental type, comprising an attachment bushing (1200), said bushing being delimited by a circular opening (1210), a base (1220) and a side wall having a cylinder of revolution, the cannula further comprising at least two channels (1120, 1125) which allow fluids to be delivered separately or jointly from said base (1220) to fluid-projecting orifices, the two channels originating alongside each other in said base (1220), characterized in that the cylinder of revolution has a cutting (D) within the thickness of its wall, which cutting (D) comprises, starting from the opening (1210), at least one segment (1265) with a direction different than the direction of the axis of the cylinder, and then a longitudinal segment (1270) oriented towards the base (1220).


Bidi tobacco is commercially cultivated under rainfed vertisols in late rainy season i.e., September (2nd fortnight). Six week old seedlings should be planted during August-September at planting geometry of 75 cm x 75 cm and ridge planting is advisable for higher moisture conservation. Standard bidi tobacco production requires 110 kg N, 70 kg P2 O5 and 50 kg K2 O ha-1 which is closely dependent on mineral nutrient supply. Topping is done either at bud stage or early flowering stage by keeping 12–15 leaves. Bidi tobacco grown with two irrigations each at 5 cm depth / 0.4 IW/ CPE (first at 60 days after transplanting and second between 35-45 days after first irrigation) increased the yield which resulted from more leaf width. Foliar application of 2.5% KNO3 or 2.5% AS + SOP twice at 45 and 60 DAT to bidi tobacco is optimum for supply of nitrogen and potassium under moisture deficit condition. Application of foliar spray with Triacontanol 0.1% EW @ 2ml /l at early growth stage and grand growth stage is economical during drought period. Bidi tobacco recorded higher seed yield (532 kg ha-1) and oil yield (173.4 kg ha-1) when planted at 60 cm x 60 cm with application of 150 % RDF (165 N+105 P2 05 +75 K2 O ha-1).


For last few years, honey bee disappearance by the destruction of the entire colony attracted the attention of many researchers where they used the term colony collapse disorder (CCD), but, they failed to explain the exact reason of this phenomenon. Many schools of thoughts are there where several causes like Varroa mite, honey bee tracheal mite, fungal pathogen Nosema , neonicotinoid group of pesticides, Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus, migratory bee keeping, genetic factors, and parasitic phorid fly etc. play the key role either singly or in combinations. Investigations are solely needed to pin down a causal relationship among CCD and aforesaid factors those hitherto been considered the case. The study was undertaken to make a detailed idea on CCD, its impact, probable causes, economic importance, controversy etc. by assembling the inferences of a number of global researchers.


The gas mixing pressuring and calorific value control of gas mixing process have the characteristics of strong coupling,nonlinear,and large time-varying.By using the parameter self-learning with adaptive PID controller of single neuron,a decoupling control method with adaptive PID of single neuron is proposed.The simulation results show that this design scheme has a better dynamic performance than traditional PID scheme to verify the feasibility of this method.


One of the main factors responsible for high yield of soybean is the high quality of the seeds. In this work it was evaluated the incidence of fungi on non-treated seeds and the physiological quality of seeds of nine cultivars of soybean produced in Balsas/ MA, Brazil. The identification ofthe fungi was done through the blotter test in Petri dishes. The physiological seed quality was evaluated by germination test, first count of germination, and emergence of seedlings in greenhouse. The occurrence of Phomopsis spp., Cercospora kikuchii, Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium sp. was observed in seeds of the nine cultivars, with different rates among cultivars. Phomopsis spp. was detected in 3 to 38 % of the seeds; Cercospora kikuchii in 0 to 26 %; Fusarium spp. in 3 to 42 %; Aspergillus spp. in 1 to 18 % and Penicillium sp. in 4 to 48%. Seed germination and seedling emergence varied among cultivars, with rates from 39 to 91 % and 45 to 99 %, respectively. BRSMA Jucara, BRSMA Babacu, BRSMA SeridO RCH and BRSMA Pati showed lower physiological quality, as compared to seeds ofEmbrapa 63 (Mirador), BRSMA Tracaja, BRSMA Parnaiba, BRSMA Boa Vista and BRS Sambaiba which showed high physiological quality.


A play tutoring strategy for integrating young developmentally delayed children into play with non‐delayed peers is presented in a series of methodological principles, each followed by an annotated, illustrative example. Developmentally delayed children have difficulty engaging in sociodramatic play because the demands for behavioral organization and thematic elaboration inherent in this type of play are beyond their developmental level. The proposed play tutoring method simplified sociodramatic play through the use of "play formats," which are repeated patterns of interaction that facilitate communication between players by establishing the essential organizing rule of the play. The usefulness of conceiving of sociodramatic play as progressing through the discovery, establishment and elaboration of play formats is that it provides the teacher with a heuristic for maximizing the play's comprehensibility for developmentally delayed children without reducing its cognitive complexity to the extent that it is...


"Знак и текст в пространстве и времени" ("Sign and Text in Space and Time") is a previously unpublished scholarly autobiography by one of the most learned, erudite, and prominent 20th century Russian scholars, Vladimir Toporov (1928–2005). It contains a detailed account of the scholar's major achievements in various fields of knowledge: from Indo-European studies to the history of Russian literature. Keywords Philology, Vladimir Toporov (1928 — 2005), Scholarly Autobiography, Structuralism.


The thermal stability of bio-oils obtained from softwood bark (SWBR) and hardwood rich in fibers (HWRF) residues was studied under aging conditions at 80 °C in sealed glass bottles in the presence of stainless steel and copper. SWBR-derived bio-oil separated into oily and aqueous phases during aging, while HWRF-derived oil remained as a single phase during the entire aging period. Dynamic rheological tests and GPC analyses were used to follow the effect of aging on the properties of bio-oils. Bio-oil aging was determined following the changes in bio-oil macrofractions using solvents of different polarities. The main difference observed between the oils analyzed was the tendency of SWBR to form materials insoluble in methanol, while HWRF aging reactions led to the formation of compounds insoluble in water and CH2Cl2. Methanol-insoluble and water-/CH2Cl2-insoluble fractions of aged oils were characterized by thermogravimetry, GPC, and Py−GC/MS techniques. The bio-oil aging reactions seem not to be affected ...


The processing area of an offshore platform consists of various equipment for handling, separation and transferring of crude oil and natural gas. Consequently, the chances of an accidental release are quite high as compared to other areas. Among the major hazard posed on an offshore platform, Vapor Cloud Explosion (VCE) is the fatal one. Among the various factors that impact the resulting overpressure developed due to VCE: leak rates, wind speeds, and wind directions are the important ones. The current paper investigates the effect of these factors (leak rates, wind speeds and wind directions) on explosion strength on an offshore platform. The release, dispersion and resulting VCE are modelled by utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software Flame Acceleration Simulator (FLACS). Furthermore, risk estimation for human injury/fatality (risk of eardrum rupture, head impact, and whole-body displacement) has been done considering these factors using probit models. The results showed that these factors (leak rates, wind speeds, and wind directions) have a major impact on resulting explosion strength and consequently, on the risk of human injury/fatality. Risk of head impact is quite high while risk of eardrum rupture and whole-body displacement is low. The current study can be useful in designing effective safety measures to reduce the impact of such accidents.


The formation and evolution of protoplanetary disks is simulated by computer modelling, using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method. The suitability of SPH for modelling disks is investigated, and problems are identified with the SPH implementation of Artificial Viscosity in disks with Keplerian velocity profiles. Analytical and experimental results reveal that the resultant viscous force for a simulated Keplerian disk is in the opposite direction to that produced by linear shear. Applying Artificial Viscosity only to approaching particles results in a radial force four times larger than the force in the direction of the orbit. The viscous force can change direction if temperature, and therefore sound speed, decreases. Techniques for activating Artificial Viscosity only when convergence is detected are found to fail in differentially rotating disks. Both the Balsara Switch and Time Dependent Artificial Viscosity use the SPH estimate of V v sph, which has a low freqency time varying component which is independent of h, and so cannot be removed by increasing the number of SPH particles. An alternative method, based on pattern recognition, is shown to reduce the viscous spread of a differentially rotating ring by an order of magnitude. We also identify problems associated with the gravitational field of disks. The use of an annulus to represent a portion of a much larger, continuous disk, may yield unrepresentative results. The edge effects can cause preferential accretion zones, where the Toomre Q parameter is not the same as it would be for the same region of an extended disk. SPH simulations of Protoplanetary disks produce condensations which do not persist long enough to collapse. The high tidal shearing forces in a Keplerian accretion disk disrupt the condensations before they accumulate enough mass to collapse. Including a more realistic treatment of the thermal physics, and reducing the effective shear viscosity, makes the situation worse


Objective. Sophisticated signal processing has opened the doors to more research with human subjects than ever before. The increase in the use of human subjects in research comes with a need for increased human subjects protections. Approach. We quantified the presence or absence of ethics language in published reports of brain–computer interface (BCI) studies that involved human subjects and qualitatively characterized ethics statements. Main results. Reports of BCI studies with human subjects that are published in neural engineering and engineering journals are anchored in the rationale of technological improvement. Ethics language is markedly absent, omitted from 31% of studies published in neural engineering journals and 59% of studies in biomedical engineering journals. Significance. As the integration of technological tools with the capacities of the mind deepens, explicit attention to ethical issues will ensure that broad human benefit is embraced and not eclipsed by technological exclusiveness.


In this paper, we consider the problem of optimally allocating a sampling budget between the interarrival times and service times for the stationary queue and stationary queue with the goal of minimizing the mean squared error of one of four system performance measures. The natural estimator of the mean waiting time, obtained by substituting estimators for the arrival rate and service rate in the formula for the mean waiting time, has infinite mean squared error and cannot be used. Using an alternative estimator, we propose a two-stage sampling plan and show that this plan is asymptotically risk-efficient in the sense that the mean squared error of the resulting estimator converges to the minimum mean squared error as the sampling budget gets large. Asymptotic normality and other properties of the two-stage estimator are also proved. Simulation results for the system are given to support the theoretical results. **Supported by grant MDA904-00-1-0025 from NSA.


The new generation of skin substitutes are developed to be biologically active. The concept behind providing bioactivity is that the wound healing process can be substantially improved as compared with a simple synthetic barrier-type dressing. It remains to be seen just how much better this new generation of products will impact the burn wound. To date, the new products to be discussed have not displaced the more inert standard burn wound dressings, but rather are used in conjunction and for quite specific indications.

The skin substitutes are initially classified according to whether they are to be used as a temporary wound covering to decrease pain and augment healing or a permanent skin substitute to add to or replace the remaining skin components.

The ideal properties and indications for these products will be better clarified after a discussion of the function of normal skin and the effect of a burn on skin integrity.

Keywords:

skin substitute;
bioactive;
burns;
healing;
wound covering;
burn care


294 | P a g e EVALUATION OF SENSORINEURALHEARING LOSS IN TUBOTYMPANIC TYPE OF CHRONIC SUPPURATIVE OTITIS MEDIA Dr. P. Surendra Babu MS (ENT), Consultant, Department of ENT, Tirumala Super speciality Hospital, Kadapa, AP Article Info: Received 20 May 2019; Accepted 27 June. 2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32553/ijmbs.v3i6.1011 Address for Correspondence: Dr. P. Surendra Babu Conflict of interest: No conflict of interest.


Objective To study the distribution and lessions degree of electrophysiological abnormalities of patients with GBS and evaluate and appraise its significance. Methods Fifty-four patients received electrophysiological examination.Distal motor latency(DML),motor conduction velocity(MCV),compound muscle action potential(CMAP) and sensory conductive velocity(SCV) were recorded. Results The abnormal rate of MCV(77.0%) was higher than of SCV(59.4%)(χ2=5.115,P0.05);DML of distal muscles were the same as that of proximal muscles;DMLof muscles of upper limbs were epuly with that of lower limbs;The severe lesion rate of DMLof distal muscles(75.6%) was higher than that of proximal muscles(47.4%)(χ2=14.62,P0.01).Conclusion Electrophysiological changes of GBS are extensive.The motor nerve is easier to be damaged than sensory nerve,and the damage degree is more severe on distal nerve than proximal nerve.


This paper compares, in the context of hazardous waste genration, the effects of joint and several liability on capital and production decisions to the effects of several only liability. Our main result shows that increased potential liability causes firms to decrease asset exposure, but may also lead firms to create less waste. First, we find that both several only and joint and several liability induce firms to go bankrupt more often and create more waste than is socially optimal. Then we find that, for a given level of funds, joint and several liability induces firms to go bankrupt more often and create more waste than several only liability. This implies that society will be responsible for a larger share of cleanup under joint and several liability than under several only liability. Finally, we show that firms with potentially higher liabilities for cleanup will raise less funds, creating "smaller" firms, and thus, the possibility of less waste generated overall.


The term cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) encompasses a group of aggressive and heterogeneous malignancies, including intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA) [1,2]. Although radical surgical resection and liver transplantation remain the only curative approach for iCCA, less than one third of patients are diagnosed with resectable disease, and even following radical surgery, recurrence rates still remain high [3]. More than ten years after the publication of the ABC-02 trial, the combination of cisplatin plus gemcitabine (CisGem) remains the standard first-line treatment in patients with metastatic iCCA [4]. However, the survival benefit of CisGem is limited, with poor response in the most of iCCA patients resulting in a median survival of less than a year. Novel therapies are ushering in a new era of iCCA management, as witnessed by the exploration of immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies including Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) and Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) inhibitors [5]. In addition, locoregional therapies such as percutaneous thermal ablation modalities including radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA), or cryoablation, brachytherapy, transarterial therapies such as hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC), transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), and transarterial radioembolization (TARE) have emerged as important tools in patients with unresectable iCCA in the last two decades [6]. These locoregional therapies effectively control symptoms and improve patients' quality of life, while prolong survival in selected patients.


16507 Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been used effectively in the treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancers. We conducted a study to evaluate the efficacy and adverse events associated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy schedule comprising of docetaxel and cisplatin followed by concomitant CT-RT from July 2004 to June 2006. Methods: 25 patients with locally advanced supraglottic laryngeal cancer were enrolled to receive docetaxel 75 mg/m2 and cisplatin 75 mg/m2 every 3 weekly for 3 cycles followed by one cycle of concomitant external beam radiotherapy (6000 cGy) and docetaxel 75 mg/m2+cisplatin 75 mg/m2 on day 7 of radiotherapy. All patients after completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy were evaluated by CT scan and direct laryngoscopy and biopsy from any residual disease. All patients were followed up every month up to disease progression. Follow-up was done by physical examination and indirect laryngoscopy and by 3 monthly CT scan. Adverse events were treated mostly on outpatient basis. Re...


At a nursing home in France, 1 year after a first case of a cluster of urinary tract infections caused by an extended-spectrum β-lac-tamase-producing strain of Escherichia coli, 9 (22%) of 49 residents were colonized with the outbreak strain. Colonization was associated with poor state of health (P = .04), incontinence (P = .007), and recent treatment with fluoroquinolones and/or cephalosporins (P = .003).


With investigation on the spot, the paper analyze the reformation progress and change in front and backs of the reforming about vocational education and training in Australia, introduces the qualifications certificate , course system and curriculum development. It is importance to use for reference for our vocational education.


The phenylation of biphenyl, oand m-terphenyl with benzoylperoxide as phenyl radical generator is investigated. All expected terphenylresp. quaterphenyl-isomers are formed and are determined by gas chromatography. In addition to well-known products from benzoylperoxide decomposition, small amounts of benzene are found qualitatively in all experiments, and traces of biphenyl in the case of terphenyl solvent. Relative reactivities for the phenylation are determined from competition experiments with the three polyphenyl solvents, using a new method in evaluating the experimental results. The earlier procedure is critically discussed and compared. Rate constants relative to biphenyl are 1.40 ± 0.08 for o-terphenyl and 1.66 ± 0.1 for m-terphenyl. The value of 1.18 for m-terphenyl reactivity relative to o-terphenyl, calculated from the above results, is also evaluated experimentally from a competition experiment. Partial rate factors for the different molecule positions are determined from isomer ratios and the influence of resonance stabilization and steric hindrance is discussed. Numerical increments for these contributions, deduced by this analysis, allow a rough calculation of the probable reactivity of p-terphenyl against phenyl radicals (2.3 compared to biphenyl). A first estimation is made on this basis also for quaterphenyl and triphenyl-benzene reactivities.


This paper explores organizational case study research as a means to discover and explain the novel institutional mechanisms they contain. It addresses three problems that CR researchers are confronted with as they develop case study research. Firstly, we consider the ontological question: "what is an organization?" In tackling this question we extend a framework that categorising the types of institutional mechanisms which CR researchers can expect to discover through organisational case study research. Secondly, we consider how researchers might structure their projects to develop novel insights about institutional mechanisms in their research practice. Here, we suggest exploratory, exceptional and qualifying case studies as three modes of engagement that researchers can employ to ensure or develop novel outcomes. Thirdly, we discuss the issue of data organization and management, specifically, where the researcher's goal is to explain novel institutional mechanism(s).


This article through to the Yu Lian 80 t/h acid water stripping unit amount of acidic water sources were analyzed,the plant after capacity expansion revamp occurred in operation of raw water source,with heavy oil,leading to the separation of low capacity,poor quality water purification of the analysis of various problems,and formulate corresponding measures.


To implement the objectives of energy conservation,environment protection and high income at power generation side in electricity spot market,the relation between variation of unit output and fluctuation of time-of-use price is researched and a new short-term optimal scheduling model for hydrothermal hybrid power system is built.The objective of the proposed model is to maximize the power generation revenue,the influences of time-of-use price and the cost for environment protection are comprehensively considered and the constraints such as water storage,discharge volume and unit output of cascaded hydropower stations are taken into account,form these the optimal scheduling scheme of generation units is obtained.To remedy the defects in traditional optimal algorithms that it is difficult to deal with multi-constraints in optimal scheduling of high dimensional cascaded hydropower stations,the proposed optimal model is solved by differential evolution algorithm.Simulation results show that the proposed model is reasonable and the utilized algorithm is effective.


s of papers dealing w i t h all aspects of ecological restoration. These may include political, administrative, social, economic and philosophical as wel l as purely scientific and technical aspects. Forms for the submission of abstracts are available from Kei th Winter-s are available from Kei th Winterhalder, Biology Depar tment , Laurent ian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 2C6 (tel: 705-675-1151, ext 2213.) The deadline for submission is January 15th 1990. S I T U A T I O N V A C A N T C A M P A I G N DIRECTOR FOR THE INTERN A T I O N A L RIVERS NETWORK. This organisation is based i n San Francisco and works actively by support ing specific river issues i n other countries and by campaigning to halt W o r l d Bank funding of environmentally destructive dam projects. Applicants should have previous organising experience, strong wr i t i ng skills and ability to work w i t h the press. For details apply to O w e n Lammers, Administrat ive Director, 301 Broadway, Suite B, San Francisco, California 94133, USA. M I S C E L L A N E O U S THE L A N D REFORM SOCIETY. A i m : To secure a fairer distr ibution of land. If you are interested contact: John Seymour, Ki l lowen , N e w Ross, Co. Wexford, Ireland. D E S E R T R E C L A M A T I O N R E S E A R C H CENTRE: Charity offers unique work ing holidays i n Spanish mountain village. Cost £40 (students etc. £32), work 24hrs weekly. Sun, purpose, good food, good company. Full details £ 1 from Sunseed Desert Technology, PO Box 2000T, Cambridge CB5 8 H G .


Linus had relished the quiet times when Charlie left to scavenge for copper. Alone, he'd squat on his blue blanket beside the enormous pumpkin and whisper into the stem just how much he loved it. For hours he'd lean close, brushing his lips against the orange flesh, and discuss whatever came to mind—Giant Pumpkin growing season, Giant Pumpkin growing tips, Giant Pumpkin growing records.


The effect was studied of selective X-irradiation of the cerebellum (100 R daily in the first 10 days after birth) on the maturation of glucose metabolism and the development of metabolic compartmentation, in 10-, 16-, and 23-day-old rats by using, respectively, $[2\text{-}{}^{14}{\rm C}]\text{glucose}$ and [1-14 C]acetate (40 μCi/100 g body weight each) as precursors. At day 10 significant changes, in comparison with the unirradiated controls, were observed: aspartate and γ-aminobutyrate, respectively, contained 36% and 64% more and glutamine 42% less glucose-carbon combined in amino acids; the glutamine/glutamate specific radioactivity ratio (RSA) was 25% less, and the conversion of both glucose and acetate carbons into acid-insoluble constituents was markedly reduced. However, in the postirradiation period both the conversion of glucose carbon into amino acids, and the RSA of glutamine after the administration of [14 C]acetate increased in a more or less normal fashion, although ce...


Los Angeles' living wage ordinance sets an annually adjusted minimum wage that city contractors must pay employees working on city service contracts and economic development grants. The HIA found that the health insurance provisions of the ordinance have the potential to benefit the health of covered workers far more cost effectively than the wage provisions of the ordinance.


Introduction: Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are treated with intensive chemotherapeutic protocols. They are known to suffer from protracted pancytopenia and need prolonged transfusion support. Despite the administration of leukocyte-reduced and irradiated blood products, long-term transfusion dependency predisposes these patients to alloimmunization to both leukocyte (HLA) and platelet (HPA) antigens, leading to immune platelet transfusion refractoriness, which is a major risk factor for bleeding-associated morbidity and mortality, to longer hospitalizations and higher inpatient hospital costs. The published incidence of immune platelet refractoriness in patients with hematologic malignancies ranges between 7% and 34%. The Rambam Health Care Campus is the only tertiary care medical center in Northern Israel providing services to over 2 million citizens. This population is highly heterogeneousin terms of ethnic and religious background and has a relatively high birth rate (3.2 versus 1.75 in other developed countries). The majority of AML patients in the region are treated at the Rambam Department of Hematology. To the best of our knowledge, the incidence of alloimmunization to platelet antigens and immune platelet refractoriness in this population has never been studied. The aims of the current study were: to estimate the incidence of immune platelet transfusion refractoriness among AML patients in Northern Israel, to define the onset of alloimmunization during the treatment course and to evaluate the efficacy of antibody screening by platelet immunofluorescent test (PIFT) as a follow-up tool to predict the risk for alloimmunization and immune platelet transfusion refractoriness in these patients.

Methods : Newly diagnosed AML patients were screened every two weeks for two months since diagnosis and throughout induction therapy for the presence of anti-HPA and anti-HLA antibodies using flow cytometry (PIFT assay). Antibodies were identified by the monoclonal-specific immobilization of platelet antigens (MAIPA) assay. Clinical parameters of patients were consecutively registered. Patients received platelet transfusions according to the institutional transfusion policy, including continuous platelet increment monitoring. Blood counts and platelet transfusion requirements were followed weekly; platelet refractoriness was determined when no increment (defined as an increase <5x109 platelets/L after a single transfusion of 3x1011 platelets) was documented following two consecutive platelet transfusions.

Results: One hundred newly diagnosed AML patients (56 males and 44 females; age range 25-60 years) of various ethnic origins were included in the analysis. Platelet refractoriness was revealed in 49 (49%) patients (20 males and 29 females). Forty four (44%) patients developed anti-HLA and/or anti-HPA antibodies, 32/44 (73%) were females, 27 of them with more than two children. Immune platelet refractoriness was revealed in 34/49 (69%) refractory patients (8 males and 26 females); 13/34 (38%) had anti-HPA with (11) or without (2) anti-HLA antibodies and 21/34 (62%) had only anti-HLA antibodies. The average period from the beginning of treatment to antibody appearance was 26 days. The PIFT was found to be a sensitive, specific and efficient method for screening and detection of all anti-platelet antibodies, while MAIPA was found to be the preferred method for anti-platelet antibody identification.

Conclusions: Women with more than two children were found to have a significantly higher risk to develop alloantibodies and transfusion refractoriness. Our findings demonstrating a higher incidence of immune platelet refractoriness compared to that reported in the literature may be attributed to the increased prevalence of multiparous women inhabiting our region. Routine antibody screening by PIFT appears to be an efficient tool for early detection of alloimmunized patients.

Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Real-time monitoring of the drivers may be a factor that would force them to drive safely. In this paper, we introduce a system named 'Amelio-Rater", that focuses on detection and classification of abnormal driving behaviours for automatically generating driver ratings and real-time monitoring. To reduce malicious ratings, the Amelio-rater introduces an automatic rating system which is calculated purely based on the driver's driving behaviours only. Each driver will be given his own Amelio-rater rate and a manual user rate. There are multiple types of driving abnormal behaviours monitored by the proposed system such as meandering, single weaves, sudden changing of lanes and speeding. The classification results achieved showed that the Amelio-rater reached an accuracy of 95%. Our experiments showed that the manual user rates given for the driving behaviour are not far from the rates given by Amelio-rater. Amelio-rater rates were very close to the actual rates given by the users.


Allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, have been reported from the second day of Pfizer- BioNTech's COVID- 19 vaccine administration in the mass vaccination programme. 1 Although the cause of these rare allergic reactions remains unclear, the excipient, polyethylene glycol (PEG), has been considered the culprit allergen. It is used as a stabilizer in the COVID- 19 mRNA vaccines from Pfizer- BioNTech, 'Comirnaty', and Moderna, 'Spikevax'. A PEG- derivative polysorbate 80 is used in the adenovirus vector Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine, 'Vaxzevria'. 2,3 Our aim was to present our experiences of evaluat-ing 27 patients with systemic acute reactions to the first dose of COVID- 19 vaccine plus 10 patients with suspected PEG allergy di-agnosed before administration of the first vaccine dose. Our results indicate that a systemic acute reaction to the first dose, or to PEG or PEG derivatives, does not necessarily contraindicate a second dose of COVID- 19 vaccine. 4,5 Thirty- seven patients were referred to, and evaluated at, the Allergy Center in Linköping, Sweden. The study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority, Dnr 2021– 01301. Seven patients had an acute onset systemic reaction to the first dose of COVID- 19 vaccine from Oxford/AstraZeneca, Vaxzevria, one to Spikevax (Moderna) and nineteen after the Pfizer- BioNTech vaccine, Comirnaty. A second dose of Comirnaty was administered in be administered in a peaceful, professional setting where immediate resuscitation can be performed. Further studies on the underlying immunological mechanisms of the rare severe true allergic reactions to the COVID- 19 vaccines are needed.


Cooktown residents are busily preparing for the impact of Severe Tropical Cyclone Nathan as it draws closer to the coast.


The purpose of this research is to design a methodology for the rational supply chain choice of perishable cargoes. The proposed method simultaneously takes into account the interests of cargo-owner and transport company considering the technological features of transportation. The integrated business-criterion for a choice of the rational supply chain of perishable agricultural cargoes must be based on the simultaneous achievement by the maximal level of delivery quality and the maximal profit. The methodology is of interest to practical use for the assessment of the possible logistic costs for a carrier. This approach also considers criteria of the quality transportation which are interesting for the customer. The received dependencies allow choosing a rational supply chain on cargoes delivery on small distances and for main transportation. The approach has potential interest for the logistic companies which are carrying out planning during delivery of mass cargo and one-time orders.


We have developed a brain-machine interface (BMI) by using a method based on near-infrared spectroscopy. We call our interface ldquoOptical-BMIrdquo. It functions as a practical, unrestrictive, non-invasive brain-switch without the need for large equipment. During an experiment with the prototype system, an operator manipulated external electrically controlled equipment while we measured the corresponding spatiotemporal changes in the hemoglobin concentration in the blood flowing through his or her pre-frontal cortex by using a probe cap with 22 measurement points.


Since commercializing of the first lithium-ion battery by Sony Corporation in 1991, graphitic carbons have been used as anode materials. Graphitic carbons owe to their favorable characteristics such as eco-friendly, stability upon cycling, low operating potential versus Li/Li , etc. however, carbon materials also poses several challenges that include limited specific capacity (~ 372 mAh g ), formation of a solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI), lithium plating or formation of a surface film at high current rates, etc. To overcome these difficulties, research has been focused on transition metal oxides as alternate anode materials. Various metal oxides (to mention a few Co3O4, MnO2, Fe3O4 and Fe2O3) have been reported to undergo conversion reactions while exhibiting lower voltages with high reversible capacities than the traditional graphitic carbon counterparts. This has motivated many researchers to study the conversion reaction of oxide materials. Among the transition metal oxides studied, hematite α-Fe2O3 has been intensively studied due to its low cost, excellent stability, environmental friendly properties and also providing high theoretical capacity 1007 mAh g based on 6 Li per formula unit.


Small angle scattering has been used to study the mechanical fatigue of crazes in polystyrene. The high radiation intensity obtainable from a synchrotron has permitted the examination of the processes that occur during the fatigue in real time. Both the short term changes that occur within a single cycle and the long term changes that occur over many cycles have been observed. Most of the craze growth, as measured by the scattering invariant obtained at peak deformation, occurred in the first cycle of fatigue. However the craze fibril diameter, obtained by Porod analysis, doubled over 250 cycles. As the volume of craze was not growing during during the fatigue this fibril diameter increase was believed to occur by change, that is coalescence, of the preexisting fibrils. The SAXS patterns obtained at a number of different deformations within a single cycle were compared with calculated patterns obtained assuming that the fibrils bend in a sinusoidal manner. Good qualitative agreement was obtained so it was concluded that the craze fibrils showed considerable deformation as the craze was unloaded and then straightened out again on reloading. When the ratio of minimum to maximum deformation was decreased from 0.9 to 0.5 the fibril deformation (contraction) increased to 10% with the fibrils remaining straight. As the minimum deformation was decreased below this the craze stress tends to zero and fibril buckling was evident. The main changes in fatigue lifetime occurred over the regions where there fibrils were straight, perhaps because buckling involves relatively small deformations.


The Programa de Aquisicao de Alimentos (PAA) is part of Fome Zero Program that aims to attend populations in situation of food and nutritional insecurity. It is a public policy that aims at strengthening family based farming and helps those who have no access to food in necessary quantity, quality and regularity. This research aimed at verifying the challenges and perspectives of PAA in the municipality of Tupa, SP, Brazil. A descriptive, empirical and theoretical research was performed in order to reach the objectives. The results indicate the importance of the Program for selling the remaining production and its impact on income. The PAA has been an instrument of strengthening family based agriculture in the municipality, however, the lack of concrete collective actions and correct operationalization of the Program are bottlenecks to be overcome for a better performance.


Objective: This study aimed to evaluate three factors affecting dimensions of the '3D ocular prosthesis' in patients rehabilitated at Mahidol University. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on non-irradiated and healthy anophthalmic patients, including 82 subjects aged above 15 years old. All 82 standardized ocular prostheses, fabricated following the Mahidol University's patent, were measured with a digital caliper (Mitutoyo 573 Digimatic Absolute Point Caliper) in horizontal, vertical, and anteroposterior (thickness) dimensions. Three main factors (age, gender, and surgical techniques) were evaluated in relations to the ocular prosthesis. The data were statistically analyzed using multifactorial ANOVA (p<0.05). Results: The multifactorial ANOVA showed no significant differences in vertical and horizontal dimensions among all those three factors (p>0.05). However, regarding thickness consideration, statistically significant difference was found in accordance to the surgical technique factor (p=0.012). Conclusion: This study presents the first set of data for the 3D ocular prosthesis in patients rehabilitated at Mahidol University. The factors of age and gender might not affect in all three dimensions of the ocular prosthesis, however the surgical technique could influent thickness of the ocular prosthesis.


Double skin façade (DSF) is a new fabric increasingly used in hot summer and cold winter (HSCW) zone in China. Architecture designers and users have concerned its energy performance. Former scholars have simulated the thermal performance of DSF with different methods, such as CFD and airflow network methods. However, to evaluate the annual energy consumption, a method with good speed and accuracy is needed. In this paper, an improved zonal model validated by experimental data is used to simulate the energy performance of the naturally ventilated DSF for two constructions in HSCW zone. The results show that the naturally ventilated DSF with interior double glass has better thermal and energy performance. Meanwhile, heat gains of several most common-used fabrics in six typical cities of HSCW zone are calculated. The results show that the annual energy demand differences between the DSF and the most thermally insulated fabric (aerated concrete wall with external XPS insulation layer + double glazing window) are generally within 10% except the north orientation. Considering some advantages over the traditional fabrics, such as indoor lighting, visual comfort, the naturally ventilated DSF has good adaptability in HSCW zone in China.


To study the impacts of reductions in employer's social security contributions, we construct an intertemporal general equilibrium model with different types of workers (and wages), search unemployment and endogenous job destruction rates. Our model reproduces the empirical evidence that the impacts on employment, of reductions in contributions at the minimum wage level, go through a decrease in job destructions rather than an increase in job creations. We moreover find that, although it is prejudical to average productivity, reductions targeted at the minimum wage create much more net employment than reductions targeted at other wages.


Stable fuzzy DMC (FDMC) algorithms are presented in the paper. The algorithms consist in solving only quadratic optimization problems at each time instant. Therefore, they are effective and relatively little complicated. The stabilization mechanisms introduced are simple and easy to implement. These mechanisms can be used in conjunction with any variant of FDMC (fuzzy dynamic matrix control) algorithm. Exemplary simulation results supplement theoretical considerations of the paper.


Loss of teacher authority and its improper application may spell the failure in accomplishing the goal of education and instruction.Teacher authority comprises internal and external ones.This paper explores and analyzes its rationality and characteristics in hopes of providing some references for teaching practitioners.


Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 1996, Vol 41(3), 288. According to the reviewer, this well-edited volume (see record 1995-97920-000) contains encyclopedic comment on just about any social psychological idea that has appeared in the literature of the field since


Although the microwave effects on metal powder sintering are not fully understood, there have been no experimental investigations published yet about the change of penetration depth of microwave energy into a metal powder compact during sintering. At the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany experimental investigations on sintering of Cu-powder compacts in nitrogen atmosphere have been performed in a compact gyrotron system operating at 30 GHz with a maximum power level of 15 kW. The samples were millimeter-wave (mm-wave) sintered in a dilatometer set-up, which allows in situ measurement of the linear shrinkage of the powder compact during the sintering process. This information can be used to optimise the process parameters as well. In parallel, measurements of temperature gradients within the powder compacts by use of two shielded type S thermocouples allow to distinguish between volumetric heating and surface heating. At low sample density and temperature volumetric heating has been observed.


Several thermophilic cellulolytic bacteria were isolated from the compost.One factor was applied to optimize the condition under that the strain produced celluase,and then orthogonal test was applied to confirm the optimized fermentation conditions.JSU-5 strain whose celluase was the highest was obtained from 11 thermophilic cellulolytic bacteri in compost.The main factors which disturbed JSU-5's celluase productions comprised water,carbon source and nitrogen source.The final optimized condition of JSU-5(g/L) was wheatstraw 50,bean cake powder 40,NaCl 2(pH 6.0),The loadage of 250ml flask was 60 ml.


Summary form only given. Rational harmonic mode-locking (RHML) is a very simple technique for repetition-rate multiplication of the pulse train generated by actively mode-locked fiber lasers. In general, direct output pulse train of RHML laser suffers from strong pulse-to-pulse amplitude fluctuations. Important exception is repetition-rate doubling (RRD) by RHML. For this reason RRD-RHML is the most attractive for applications. In this paper, an investigation of the RRD-RHML Er-doped fiber laser is presented. For the first time to our best knowledge, we demonstrate that nonzero dispersion of the laser cavity causes frequency splitting in the output pulse train. It appears as periodical alternation of the central frequencies of sequential pulses in the train. We consider an actively mode-locked fiber laser in unidirectional ring configuration formed by Mach-Zehnder modulator followed by output coupler, Fabry-Perot filter and Er-doped fiber as amplification medium. The saturated gain of the Er-doped fiber is assumed to be equal to intracavity loss, spectrally flat and time independent. All elements are connected by optical fiber to form a ring.


A method for calculation of optimum scintillator thickness for detection of pulsed gamma fluxes is described. Good agreement between experimental and calculation data is shown. Optimum thickness of an Nal(T1) crystal 80 mm in diameter are given for photons with energies of 0.06-10 MeV. 3 refs., 1 fig., 3 tabs.


We consider the problem of determining which matrices are permutable to be supmodular. We show that for small dimensions any matrix is permutable by a universal permutation or by a pair of permutations, while for higher dimensions no universal permutation exists. We raise several questions including to determine the dimensions in which every matrix is permutable.