2 Abstract: Medical physics has added great advances to diagnose head and neck cancer particularly for imaging. There are many imaging techniques to diagnose the disease such as CT, MRI, Endoscopy, Ultrasound etc. CT is the most useful technique among these for the detection of patients with head and neck cancer. The sensitivity of CT is greater than 80% due to its high contrast and spatial resolution. It gives more information for the assessment of initial stage tumors in the patients of head and neck cancer. CT is based on the principal of x-rays generation and detectors are moved around the patient and the data is obtained digitally from detectors and feed it to the computer. Computer processes this data and re-contracts the image with high contrast. Results showed that CT scan is promising technique to evaluate tumor and bone erosion in head and neck area.


The global diffusion of CSR practices is widely explained in institutional- isomorphic terms: corporations worldwide adopt CSR in reaction to isomorphic pressures exerted on them by a pro-CSR global environment, including normative, economic, and regulatory pressures. By contrast, this article considers the proactive agency of corporations in CSR diffusion, which is informed by nonmarket strategies that seek to instrumentally reshape the political and social environment of corporations. Applying a "channels-of-diffusion" perspective, we show that in the initial phase of CSR's transnational diffusion–as exemplified by the cases of Venezuela (1962–1967) and Britain (1977–1981)–CSR travelled through learning exchanges between business elite "exporters" and "importers" whose engagement in diffusion addressed crisis- enhanced political threats and opportunities in the receiving country. The focal agents established national CSR business associations, which disseminated among local corporations CSR practices ad...


This paper exposes some major deficiencies inherent within current methods for assessing design testability-critical shortcomings that not only might cause adherence to contracted testability requirements to be in conflict with long-term maintenance goals (such as life cycle cost and operational availability), but could also result in evaluations that fail to predict the actual diagnostic behavior of the system or device. In recent years, the need to accurately forecast diagnostic performance has become more essential as more development projects are contractually linked to the maintenance of the fielded product (as witnessed by the recent emergence of maintenance warrantees and the combined contracting of development and maintenance efforts). What is needed are testability procedures that can better serve long-term maintenance and support objectives, yet remain true to the discipline's original intent of providing diagnostics-based feedback in early phases of the development cycle. Hoping to foster a less conflicted testability practice, this paper proposes some alternatives to current quantitative methods of testability assessment that can more accurately predict diagnostic behavior and more consistently reflect the relationships between a system or device's diagnostic capability and its life cycle cost and operational availability.


We propose and describe a hybrid GRASP with weight perturbations and adaptive path-relinking heuristic (HGP-PR) for the Steiner problem in graphs. In this multi-start approach, the greedy randomized construction phase of a GRASP is replaced by the combination of several construction heuristics with a weight perturbation strategy that combines intensification and diversification elements, as in a strategic oscillation approach. The improvement phase circularly explores two different local search strategies: the first uses a node-based neighborhood for local search, while the second uses a key-path-based neighborhood. An adaptive path-relinking technique is applied to a set of elite solutions as a post-optimization strategy. Computational experiments on a large set of benchmark problems of three different classes are reported. We first illustrate the effectiveness of preprocessing procedures for several classes of test problems. Next, we present computational results illustrating the contribution of each algorithmic feature to the robustness of the complete algorithm. Finally, we show that our algorithm outperforms other heuristics in the literature, obtaining consistently better or comparably good solutions for all classes of test problems.


The aim of the study was to assess the effect of subacute treatment with a low dose of atrazine (1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine, 6-chloro-N-ethyl-N(cid:146)-(1-methyl-ethyl), an s-triazine herbicide, on endocrine oestrus regulation in gilts. A group of nine gilts (F 1 generation of Swedish Landrace (cid:215) Large Yorkshire) were treated with 1 mg atrazine/kg body mass daily, mixed to the feed for 19 days before the onset of expected oestrus. Blood samples were obtained by cranial vena cava puncture three times daily at 3-h intervals on five post-treatment days, i.e. before and during oestrus. The serum concentration of oestradiol-17b (E 2 ) was determined by the fluoroimmunochemical method. On Day (cid:150)2 before the onset of expected oestrus, a significantly lower (P < 0.001) E 2 concentration was measured in the serum of treated gilts (31.25 – 1.95 and 39.32 – 1.38 pg/mL) than in the control pigs (51.43 – 1.29 and 68.59 – 2.99 pg/mL). In contrast, the E 2 concentration measured in the serum of treated animals was significantly higher (P < 0.001) on the day of the expected onset of oestrus and on the subsequent two days (35.43 – 1.85, 53.92 – 1.98 and 60.32 – 2.35 pg/mL, respectively) than in the control animals (13.52 – 1.79, 21.53 – 1.35 and 20.05 – 1.46 pg/mL, respectively). Insuffi-cient serum E 2 concentration of the treated gilts resulted in a failure of expected oestrus, as indicated also by the state of dioestrus demonstrated by histopathological examination of the uterus.


In this study, ecological and geographical distributions together with taxonomical analysis of 210 planktonic protista (phytoplankton + protozooplankton) species fixed in the neritic waters of Sinop peninsula in the Southern part of the Black Sea between August�1995 and July�1996 were exposed. In the result of taxonomical analysis, one species of Cyanophyceae, 89 taxa of Dinophyceae, 1 species of Prymnesiophyceae, 5 taxa of Dictyochophyceae, 94 taxa of Bacillariophyceae, 1 species of Euglenophyceae, 1 species of Acantharea and 18 species of Ciliata were idendified. According to the geographical distributions, 76 taxa (36.2 % of total) are cosmopolitan, 30 taxa (14.3 % of total) are boreal, 18 taxa (8.6 % of total) are


Warming of the climate system is unequivocal.IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report indicated that the mean global temperatures have increased by 0.74 ℃ since 1906 to 2005.There was already compelling evidence that the distribution,population dynamics,and phenology of birds have been affected by recent climate change.According to our previous studies and the analysis the distribution changes of birds in China over the past 20 years,we found that there was a total of 120 bird species of birds in China,which were affected by the impact of global warming and extended their distribution.Among them,89 species of birds are the Oriental species,12 are the Palaearctic species,and 20 species are the widespread species.Due to the impact of global warming,China Avifauna changes rapidly.In this paper,we discussed the impact of climate change on birds,and provided some proposals on this research field.


A portable telephone has a hinged flap with a keyboard on each side of the flap, allowing a user to dial or punch a telephone number when the flap is in the open position or when the flap is in the closed position.


BANKRUPTCY—APPLICATION BY CREDITOR FOR LEAVE TO FORECLOSE HIS MORTGAGE—NOTICE TO THE ASSIGNEE. A petition by a secured creditor for leave to foreclose his mortgage, will be dismissed where no notice is shown to the court to have been given to the assignee of such application, and no proof made of the existence of the debt nor the amount. [Cited in Re Haskell. Case No. 6,191; Re Haake, Id. 5,883; Phelps v. Sellick, Id. 11,079; Re Hufnagel, Id. 6,837.] Application of Helen L. Derby, a secured creditor, for leave to foreclose her mortgage. The petition states that the petitioner holds a mortgage on certain real estate of the bankrupt [S. F. Frizelle], given by him before his bankruptcy, for eight hundred and forty-nine dollars, purchase money, in part of the mortgaged property, and that the property is worth not to exceed nine hundred dollars, and that the debt for which the mortgage is so held has not been proven in the bankruptcy proceedings. No notice of the application is shown to the court to have been given to the assignee, and no proof is made of the existence of the debt, or of its amount To grant permission for a sale without previous proof of the claim, would be to assume as proved the facts upon which the right to the order is dependent The court therefore, holds that the mortgage debt must be first proved in the usual manner before the register, in the bankruptcy proceedings. It must be so proved as a secured claim. No dividends of course can be made upon it until after the property mortgaged has been sold, and the proceeds deducted from the debt as proven, when dividends may be made upon the balance, if any. This is the true meaning of section 20 [Act 1867 (14 Stat 526)], deduced by construing the second paragraph and the last clause of the last paragraph, and section 22 together. After the claim has been thus duly proven in the bankruptcy proceedings, the creditor may, on due notice to the assignee, apply to the court to have the mortgaged property sold. See also, In re Bigelow [Case No. 1,396]; In re Davis [Id. 3,618]; In re Ruehle [Id. 12,113]; In re Smith [Id. 12,984]. For the reasons above set forth the petition is dismissed. 1 [Reprinted by permission.] Case No. 5,133.


According to the characteristics of BT(build-transfer) project,the model of fault tree analysis was established to analyze the various reasons influencing the project progress,and to investigate BT project progress risk.Taking an urban Yingbin Avenue extension reconstruction as an example,the minimum cut sets of fault tree and the structure importance degrees of bottom events were found.The degrees of various factors affecting the project progress are ranked in accordance with the structure importance.The measures to control the progress are put forward.


Bladder cancer is a complex disease and could be classified into non-muscle-invasive or muscle-invasive subtypes according to the distinct genetic background and clinical prognosis. It is necessary to find a non-invasive, economical and efficient method for the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. Translational medicine provides such an opportunity. Genomics, proteomics, molecular biology, bioinformatics and the like that aid in studying and exploring the mechanism of bladder cancer development, bladder cancer-related genes, signalling pathways, key molecules or targets can be clearly used for the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. Biomarkers have been developed as part of a new detection kit for the early screening, diagnosis and recurrence monitoring of bladder cancer through translational medicine. Additionally, targeted drugs and immunological preparations can be used for the treatment of bladder cancer and further improve its existing diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.


ABSTRACT Capsule Bird species richness was highest in forest and urban habitat types, lower in grassland and wetland, and lowest in cropland. Aims To investigate bird species richness patterns across different habitat types in Czechia, Central Europe. Methods Data from a national breeding bird monitoring scheme in Czechia, based on mapping of positions of individual birds along transects, were used to express the number of species in habitat polygons. Each polygon was represented by one of the eight habitat types (coniferous, mixed and deciduous forest, cropland, grassland and other open habitat types, urban habitat, and wetland) obtained by detailed country-wide vegetation mapping. Species richness of individual polygons was related to polygon habitat type and area by linear mixed effects models, taking the surrounding land cover composition into account. Results Bird species richness was highest in forest, as predicted, and respective forest habitat types did not differ from each other. Urban habitat hosted a similar number of species as forest. Species richness varied greatly between different open habitat types: cropland was the most species-poor of all the habitat types considered, whereas grassland and other types of open habitats hosted significantly more species, albeit fewer than forests, and did not differ from wetland. Slopes of species-area relationships in respective habitat types largely followed the patterns in species richness. Conclusions The observed patterns are partly driven by natural habitat characteristics, such as high vertical stratification of forest vegetation facilitating coexistence of a higher number of species. However, biogeography may also play a role, for example, and the relatively short time periods for colonization from Eastern European source areas may underpin lower bird species richness in grasslands. In addition, human interventions may drive the steep slope of the species-area relationship in forest, presumably caused by mosaic harvesting, as well as the shallow slope of this relationship in cropland and wetland, as a result of their intensive exploitation.


Objective To research the metabolic differences between different patterns of coronary heart disease (CHD) by metabolomics method.Methods Ten CHD patients with phlegm obstructing the heart vessels pattern,qi-yin deficiency pattern and qi stagnation blood stasis pattern were collected respectively and 10 healthy persons were collected as the normal group.The fasting plasma samples of subjects were collected in the morning.The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time of flight tandem mass spectrometer was used to analyze the endogenous small molecule metabolites in plasma samples of CHD patients with different patterns and healthy persons.The precise molecular weight of potential biomarkers could be obtained from the mass spectrum.The potential biomarkers were identified to explore the potential metabolomics markers of CHD patients with different patterns.Results Comparing with the normal group,a disorder of phospholipid metabolism,fatty acid metabolism and amino acid metabolism occurred in the CHD group and led to platelet aggregation significantly.The contents of glucose,arachidonic acid and linoleic acid were significantly increased in the qi stagnation blood stasis pattern group.The contents of phenylalanine,glycine,homoserine,glucose and phosphocreatine were low in the qi-yin deficiency pattern group.The glucose content in the phlegm obstructing the heart vessels pattern group was higher than that in the qi stagnation blood stasis pattern group.Conclusion The metabolites such as glucose,arachidonic acid,linoleic acid,phenylalanine,glycine,homoserine and creatine phosphate are closely related to the energy metabolism,lipid metabolism,glucose metabolism and amino acid metabolism.It is expected to become the material basis for TCM pattern identification of CHD.


The empirical International Reference Ionosphere is a widely used model for estimating low Earth orbit plasma characteristics for use in spacecraft design and mission analysis. The climatological model provides mean values of plasma density, temperature, composition, and other ionospheric parameters that can be used to estimate the average magnitude of spacecraft charging, current collection for electrodynamic tethers, and other effects on spacecraft design. Mean IRI parameters are not adequate to answer questions such as what is the maximum or minimum value of the spacecraft potential, does the maximum spacecraft potential exceed a program requirement, will an electrodynamic tether provide adequate drag to deorbit a satellite at end of life, and will the tether provide sufficient thrust to reboost a spacecraft at any time in the solar cycle. These questions require estimates of the variability of the ionospheric environment about the mean values. This presentation describes the status of work at MSFC to develop an empirical ionospheric variability model that can be used in conjunction with the climatological IRI model to provide both mean ionospheric parameters and variations of the environment about the mean. Our technique will use an extensive database of satellite and radar observations of the electron density and temperature to derive variances of the data about the model values. The variances will then be incorporated into Fortran wrapper software that calls the IRI-2001 model and provides statistical estimates of the deviation of the environment about the mean IRI values. We will provide an update on the state of the database development and provide examples of analysis and modeling efforts completed specifically for an International Space Station application.


ABSTRACT The authors report on the seasonal fluctuation of the poecilostomatoid copepod Modiolicola insignis associated with Mytilus galloprovincialis, living in Lake Faro (Messina). The copepod has four generations a year, seasonally succeeding each other. The cycle that takes place during summer has the highest number of individuals. By examining the sex ratio, we noticed a prevalence of males from May to August and of females from October to April, with the exception of November. It is possible to find ovigerous females as well as males all year. The largest number of females corresponds to that of males, occurring a month earlier than that of copepodids.


Significance Increasing evidence suggests that the exosomal messenger pathway warns neighboring cells against cellular stress and infection. Recent studies have shown that viruses and cancer cells exploit exosomes to transmit functional RNAs. Our studies reveal that a viral small RNA signal for innate immunity Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-EBER1 is produced by latent EBV-infected B cells and recognized by noninfected dendritic cells activating an inflammatory response. We detected high amounts of EBV-EBER1 transcripts and EBV-microRNAs in inflamed skin lesions of autoimmune patients that are infiltrated with dendritic cells. Importantly, we found virtually no EBV-DNA present in these tissues, suggesting that continuous cell–cell EBER1 transmission via exosomes occurs in humans. We propose that innate sensing of latent EBV in predisposed individuals may be more harmful than previously thought. Complex interactions between DNA herpesviruses and host factors determine the establishment of a life-long asymptomatic latent infection. The lymphotropic Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) seems to avoid recognition by innate sensors despite massive transcription of immunostimulatory small RNAs (EBV-EBERs). Here we demonstrate that in latently infected B cells, EBER1 transcripts interact with the lupus antigen (La) ribonucleoprotein, avoiding cytoplasmic RNA sensors. However, in coculture experiments we observed that latent-infected cells trigger antiviral immunity in dendritic cells (DCs) through selective release and transfer of RNA via exosomes. In ex vivo tonsillar cultures, we observed that EBER1-loaded exosomes are preferentially captured and internalized by human plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) that express the TIM1 phosphatidylserine receptor, a known viral- and exosomal target. Using an EBER-deficient EBV strain, enzymatic removal of 5′ppp, in vitro transcripts, and coculture experiments, we established that 5′pppEBER1 transfer via exosomes drives antiviral immunity in nonpermissive DCs. Lupus erythematosus patients suffer from elevated EBV load and activated antiviral immunity, in particular in skin lesions that are infiltrated with pDCs. We detected high levels of EBER1 RNA in such skin lesions, as well as EBV-microRNAs, but no intact EBV-DNA, linking non–cell-autonomous EBER1 presence with skin inflammation in predisposed individuals. Collectively, our studies indicate that virus-modified exosomes have a physiological role in the host–pathogen stand-off and may promote inflammatory disease.


Abstract: The effect of the lysophospholipid mediators lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1‐phosphate and the polypeptide growth factor epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the human astrocytoma cell line 1321N1 was assessed. These agonists produced a rapid and transient increase of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. When LPA was perfused before addition of EGF, the EGF‐dependent Ca2+ transient was abrogated, whereas this was not observed when EGF preceded LPA addition. This inhibitory effect was not found for other EGF‐mediated responses, e.g., activation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase cascade and cell proliferation, thus pointing to the existence of cross‐talk between LPA and EGF for only a branch of EGF‐induced responses. As 1321N1 cells expressed mRNA encoding the LPA receptors endothelial differentiation gene (Edg)‐2, Edg‐4, and Edg‐7 and as sphingosine 1‐phosphate did not interfere with LPA signaling, Edg‐2, Edg‐4, and/or Edg‐7 could be considered as the LPA receptors mediating the aforementioned cross‐talk. Attempts to address the biochemical mechanism involved in the cross‐talk between the receptors were conducted by the immunoprecipitation approach using antibodies reacting with the EGF receptor (EGFR), phosphotyrosine, phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ)‐1, and Gαi protein. LPA was found to induce coupling of PLCγ‐1 to the EGFR by a mechanism involving a Gαi protein, in the absence of tyrosine phosphorylation of both PLCγ and the EGFR. These data show a cross‐talk between LPA and EGF limited to a branch of EGFR‐mediated signaling, which may be explained by a LPA‐induced, Gαi‐protein‐mediated translocation of PLCγ‐1 to EGFR in the absence of detectable tyrosine phosphorylation of both proteins.


The Static VAR Compensator (SVC) has the capability of improving reliability, operation and control of the transmission system thereby improving the dynamic performance of power system. SVC is a widely used shunt FACTS device, which is an important tool for the reactive power compensation in high voltage AC transmission systems. The transmission lines compensated with the SVC may experience faults and hence need a protection system against the damage caused by these faults as well as provide the uninterrupted supply of power.The research work reported in the paper is a successful attempt to reduce the time to detect faults on a SVC-compensated transmission line to less than quarter of a cycle. The relay algorithm involves two ANNs, one for detection and the other for classification of faults, including the identification of the faulted phase/phases. RMS (Root Mean Square) values of line voltages and ratios of sequence components of line currents are used as inputs to the ANNs. Extensive training and testing of the two ANNs have been carried out using the data generated by simulating an SVC-compensated transmission line in PSCAD at a signal sampling frequency of 1 kHz. Back-propagation method has been used for the training and testing. Also the criticality analysis of the existing relay and the modified relay has been done using three fault tree importance measures i.e., Fussell-Vesely (FV) Importance, Risk Achievement Worth (RAW) and Risk Reduction Worth (RRW).It is found that the relay detects any type of fault occurring anywhere on the line with 100% accuracy within a short time of 4 ms. It also classifies the type of the fault and indicates the faulted phase or phases, as the case may be, with 100% accuracy within 15 ms, that is well before a circuit breaker can clear the fault. As demonstrated, fault detection and classification by the use of ANNs is reliable and accurate when a large data set is available for training. The results from the criticality analysis show that the criticality ranking varies in both the designs (existing relay and the existing modified relay) and the ranking of the improved measurement system in the modified relay changes from 2 to 4.A relaying algorithm is proposed for the protection of transmission line compensated with Static Var Compensator (SVC) and criticality ranking of different failure modes of a digital relay is carried out. The proposed scheme has significant advantages over more traditional relaying algorithms. It is suitable for high resistance faults and is not affected by the inception angle nor by the location of fault.


In this paper, a self-adaptive Network-on-chip (NoC) with reconfigurable rings is designed to reduce the communication latency of the multi-core system. In our design NoC, we use reconfigurable ring clusters as an express optional path to send packages, at the same time the different ring clusters can reconfigure and various interconnect manners can be created according to the communication conditions. Because of the low latency of ring clusters and flexible reconfigure manners, the proposed NoC can achieve about 38.4% latency reduction in various benchmarks and the extra area overhead is only about 8.2%.


As the demand for urban transport increases in India, so too does the popularity of the auto-rickshaw. Production of this type of motorized three-wheeler has doubled between 2003 and 2010. In major Indian cities, it is responsible for a significant share of motorized trips. Strategies to improve urban transport must include a policy vision for this increasingly important sector. To that end, this paper examines the role the auto-rickshaw sector can play in promoting sustainable urban transport in India. It develops a policy vision for this sector and presents recommendations on reforms to address sustainability challenges.


In order to estimate the crashworthiness of a given design of W-beam semi-rigid guardrail system,ABAQUS software was used in simulating the dynamic behavior of the semi-rigid guardrail systems subjected to vehicular impact.Maximum lateral horizontal displacements,properties of energy absorbing and various influence factors on crashworthiness were studied.The simulating results show that the guardrail system can absorb 30.8% kinetic energy loss occurred in the crash process through deformation,and thus can effectively contain and redirect an errant car.By changing height of centroid of vehicles,the design of the guardrail system was optimized.The influence of the frictional coefficient between ground surface and vehicles was also investigated numerically.The comparison between experimental phenomena and simulating results proves the effectiveness of the numerical simulation.


The eight contributions to Philology and Its Histories were first discussed at a workshop in Montreal in 2006 and are programmatically collected here to elicit an appropriation, if not a revival, of ''philology'' (its meaning, history, and practice) for our day and age. This effort, as Sean Gurd, the volume's editor, stresses in his introduction, means steering clear of the ''monopoly'' that the nineteenth-century German academy has had on the term—not least because there have been as many philologies as there have been historical instantiations of the practice (1). Furthering his argument, the editor elaborates on a statement by Sebastiano Timpanaro that points to the ''narrative teleology'' in which philology has been pigeonholed: an assumption that textual criticism has gradually and unfailing improved between, say, Poliziano and Lachmann (3). Gurd contests this, not just because today's ''best'' will necessarily be tomorrow's ''approximation'' but on principle. A more productive ''historical consciousness'' is to be gained via a candid accounting of ''philology's fraught relationship with itself '' and with its history, an agenda necessitated by today's cultural turn: ''The progressive widening of the objects of humanistic study, which has taken place in tandem with a changed awareness of the historical contingency of humanistic study itself, means that philology is no longer just a mode of scholarship, but has become one of its objects'' (5). Accordingly, this collection sets out to provide models for a thoroughly diachronic, inclusive, and self-critical approach to the cultural history of philology. Examining antiquity first, Kathleen McNamee's ''Reading outside the Library'' leads readers away from the centers of scholarship into an imagined classroom in rural Egypt sometime in the second century of the common era: ''To what extent did the work of the Museum scholars, strongly


This article describes cost control from three aspects of organization,technology and economy,and proposes cost controlling methods,so as to realize effective engineering cost control,which will be good for promoting enterprises to improve management and to improve economic benefits.


From the Publisher:
In 3ds max 4 Media Animation, John Chismar has done it again – only better! Following the lead of his highly acclaimed book 3D Studio Max 3 Media Animation, John uses three professionally designed projects to show readers the ins and outs of animation media for broadcast. The clarity of John's instructions, the efficiency of his processes, and the quality of his projects are sure to make this book a success with animators and educators alike. The book concludes with the deconstruction of three projects John created this year as the Senior 3D animator for MSNBC.


Numerous neurotransmitters have been demonstrated to modulate memory (TABLE 1). Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been demonstrated to modulate a variety of behaviors. ' NPY is highly concentrated in the hippocampus and amygdala.2 The highest concentrations of NPY binding sites are in the hippocampu~.~ As both the amygdala and hippocampus are known to be important areas involved in memory processing, we postulated that NPY may play a role in memory modulation.


THE aim of this book is to examine the evolution of the supervisory system created by the European Convention on Human Rights and. through a study of the case law of the Commission and Court of Human Rights, to highlight the development of the "margin of appreciation" doctrine as a key part of that supervisory system. In these aims it succeeds admirably. As is well known, the margin of appreciation is that degree of leeway allowed to States by the Commission and the Court when it falls to be decided whether the States have complied with European Convention obligations. Yourow traces the development of this doctrine from its initial use in early case law on Article 15, the derogation provision of the Convention, through to its later application in a range of areas. Dividing the case law into two distinct periods, preand post-1979, Yourow provides a detailed and scholarly examination and analysis of the jurisprudence which shows the movement from "an earlier Court, more tentative and restrained in the exercise of its supervisory powers" to the later "more mature Court ready to assert its own control function at the expense of state discretion". He contrasts too the approach taken by the Court in relation to Articles 5 and 6. which he characterises as exercises which often resemble "a more fully developed national constitutional and supranational judicial review mode", from the "more markedly international supervisory or control pattern" adopted in relation to the personal freedom provisions in Articles 8 to 11 of the Convention and Article 1 of Protocol No.l. Unfortunately, the book does not cover case law after 1989, notably missing the decision of the Court in Brannigan and McBride (1993) on Article 15. As the only case on derogation in recent times, it is disappointing that this seems to have come too late for inclusion. Given the excellent discussion of the cases which are covered, this reviewer was also disappointed not to have the benefit of the author's views on the Jersild case of 1994. where the margin of appreciation was a key factor in a difficult case. In relation to the period covered, however, the book remains an excellent and rigorous scrutiny of the margin of appreciation. Although lacking an index, which is a pity, it is thoroughly footnoted throughout and provides a wide-ranging and very valuable bibliography of material in a range of European languages.


Smart city initiatives, plans, missions have "mushroomed" in every continent in recent years. These projects want to apply the information technology for improving the efficiency and quality of local services and for providing new services for the inhabitants, visitors and the entrepreneurs of the settlements, or more safety, leisure and less pollution. Areas of applications are manifold, such as transportation (vehicle routing, road pricing, parking systems, traffic patterns, congestion reducement, smart traffic lights and so on), mobile workforce enablement (city surveyors, park maintenance, inspectors, health and social services), energy (street lighting, building control, demand for electricity, energy theft detection), utilities (smart meters, field service, customer service, maintenance optimization and so on), healthcare (reducement of waiting times, forecast of visit and admission rates, realtime alerting, telemedicine and so on), education, security and others. These projects have mainly positive impact from technological point of view (for example, more information, quality improvement, more safety is engendered). However, in the evaluation of the projects, the cost benefit analysis, the comparison of implementation and maintenance costs and the realization of benefits is either missing or use doubtful, questionable nonmonetary categories for benefits. Moreover, it typically neglects the displacement effect and opportunity costs, therefore systematically biased toward greater positive impacts. The dominant rhetoric and propaganda is strongly influenced by the big information technology companies, which set its sights on local governments as a huge, untapped market. The paper deals with the problem of creating composite index numbers for the evaluation of Smart city projects and for the comparison of "smartness" of cities. These composite indicators are popular tools of technocrats and bureaucrats, but the transformation of a multi-indicator system into a one-dimensional metric scale, in spite of the often use of a sophisticated mathematical technique, is a highly questionable practice.


Objective By studying the risky factors of lung cancer in Jiangyan,evidences for further monitoring of the risky factors were provided.Methods A total of 181 male survivors (age ranges from 24~86 years old)of lung cancer were surveyed by questionnaire,matched 1∶1 with controls,from August 1999 to June 2000.There were totally 110 questions in the questionnaire.The survey included general conditions,living environment,diet habit,living style,disease and family history,etc.Correlation power of all the risky factors and lung cancer was evaluated by the odd ratio(OR).Logistic regression model univariate and multivariate analysis was used to choose significant lung cancer risky factors in specialty.Results Smoking, a history of respiratory disease,depression,drinking are 4 main variants related to the genesis of lung cancer.Better body constitution indexes,etc are protective factors.Conclusions Smoking,a history of respiratory disease,drinking and depression are statistically significant lung cancer risky factors,better body constitution indexes are the protective factors of lung cancer.


Summary: The opening of the Cuban economy to tourism and to the United States dollar has had a profound impact on the spaces and subjects of food production, exchange and consumption. While 'luxuries' sold in hard currency are now legally available to a particular subsection of society, namely visitors and privileged Cubans with hard currency, most people remain attached to the state-controlled peso economy as they only receive peso wages. In this article I argue that the uneven development of Cuba's food retail sector has led to inequalities in access and accessibility, and that these disparities are justified and contested in moral terms. The paper reveals how Cuba's long-term dream of political and economic sovereignty affects the way food is produced and consumed on the island.


Abstract This paper describes an improved technique for cleaning fish scales. A high-frequency sonic-wave jewelry cleaner was used in combination with pancreatin to remove mucus and other foreign substances from the surface of scales. The proportion of scales usable for image analysis was significantly greater than that obtained with other cleaning methods. Precision and accuracy of digitized scale-image measurements are enhanced when scales cleaned according to this technique are used.


ABSTRACT Citizen science programs, which engage volunteers in varied aspeicts of scientific research projects, have been widely touted as a promising avenue for enhancing public scientific literacy and scientific civic engagement. The meanings volunteers make of citizen science experiences can influence the ways that scientific information is translated into action. This paper develops a conceptual framework for understanding scientific literacy in terms of personal and civic engagement with science. The framework is explored through a case study of citizen scientists' reflections on their experiences in an ecologically focused citizen science program. Findings describe ways that participants drew on their citizen science experiences to use and produce science in and for personal and civic contexts. Implications for enhancing connections between citizen science and personal and civic engagement are discussed.


System modeling can be used as a basis of planning and operation decisions. However, model accuracy and uncertainty will impact the confidence in, thus the conservatism built into, model based decisions. Model prediction uncertainty results from uncertainty in model parameters that are determined through calibration or are based upon modeler judgment. Uncertainty in pressure head has been evaluated from the perspective of system reliability (Xu and Goulter (1999) and Bao and Mays (1990) and in design. However, the relative impact of alternative data has not been compared to assess the need for estimating parameters. In addition, water quality within a distribution is strongly affected by the selection of water quality model parameters such as bulk and wall decay coefficients. In addition, since water quality is dominated by advective transport, hydraulic parameters and conditions also impact water quality. This is most clearly seen in the effects of tanks due to flows to and from the storage facility. The hydraulic system representation will also affect the flow distribution and travel times within the system. Many modelers suggest that all pipe models are required to adequately represent the true flow patterns. To date, only anecdotal evidence through analysis of simple networks under deterministic conditions has been presented justifying this conclusion. However, as more pipes are introduced, more uncertain parameters must be defined or calibrated for those components. This paper begins to examine the impact of alternative sources of uncertainty on water quality predictions by examining steady state conditions for a well-documented mid-sized system. The objective is to study the effect of alternative uncertain


Measurements of endogeous fluorophores open the possibility for evaluation of metabolic state at the eye. For interpretation of 2-dimensional measurements of time-resolved auto fluorescence in 2 separate spectral ranges at the human eye, comparing measurements were performed on porcine eyes. Determining excitation and emission spectra, attention was drawn of proof of coenzymes NADH and FAD in isolated anatomical structures cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous, neuronal retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), choroid, and sclera. All these structures exhibit auto fluorescence, highest in lens. Excitation at 350 nm results in local fluorescence maxima at 460 nm, corresponding to NADH, in all structures. This short-wave excitation allows metabolic studies only at the anterior eye, because of the limited transmission of the ocular media. During excitation at 446 nm the existence of FAD is expressed by local fluorescence maxima at 530 nm. The composition fluorescence spectra allow no discrimination between single ocular structures. Approximating the dynamic fluorescence by a double exponential function, the shortest lifetimes were detected in RPE and neuronal retina. The histograms of mean lifetime tM cover each other on lens with cornea and also on sclera with choroid. Despite the lifetimes are close between RPE and neuronal retina, the relative contributions Q1 are wide different. The gradient of trend lines in cluster diagrams of amplitudes α2 vs. α1 allows a discrimination of ocular structures.


We consider a type of restricted-overlap tiling of an n -board (a linear array of n square cells of unit width) with squares (1 × 1 tiles) and combs. A ( w 1 , g 1 , w 2 , g 2 , . . . , g t − 1 , w t )-comb is composed of t sub-tiles known as teeth. The i -th tooth in the comb has width w i and is separated from the ( i +1)-th tooth by a gap of width g i . Here we only consider combs with w i , g i ∈ Z + . When performing a restricted-overlap tiling of a board with such combs and squares, the leftmost cell of a tile must be placed in an empty cell whereas the remaining cells in the tile are permitted to overlap other non-leftmost filled cells of tiles already on the board. We give a bijection between such tilings of an ( n + q )-board and the restricted subsets of N n = { 1 , 2 , . . ., n } with q ≥ 1 being the largest member of the set Q of disallowed differences between subset elements. This enables new results on various classes of problem involving combinations lacking specified separations to be obtained in a quick and intuitive manner. In particular, we can obtain recursion relations for the number of k -subsets for any Q when | N q − Q| ≤ 2. In addition, our tiling bijection facilitates the proof of a bijection between the case Q = { m, 2 m, . . ., jm } with j, m ≥ 1 and permutations π of N n + jm satisfying π ( i ) − i ∈ {− m, 0 , jm } for all i ∈ N n + jm . We also identify a bijection between another class of strongly restricted permutation and the cases Q = { 1 , q } . Connections between restricted combinations and bit strings and graphs are also noted.


Thank you very much for downloading practicum and internship textbook and resource guide for counseling and psychotherapy. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their chosen readings like this practicum and internship textbook and resource guide for counseling and psychotherapy, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some malicious bugs inside their computer.


Quorum systems (e.g., replicated state machines) are critical distributed systems. Building correct, high-performance quorum systems is known to be hard. A major reason is that the protocols in quorum systems lead to non-deterministic state changes and complex branching conditions based on different events (e.g., timeouts). Traditionally, these systems are built with an asynchronous coding style with event-driven callbacks, but often lead to "callback hell" that makes code hard to follow and maintain. Converting to synchronous coding styles (e.g., using coroutines) is challenging because of the complex branching conditions. In this paper, we present Dependably Fast (DepFast), an effective, expressive framework for developing quorum systems. DepFast provides a unique QuorumEvent abstraction to enable building quorum systems in a synchronous style. It also supports composition of multiple events, e.g., timeouts, different quorums. To evaluate DepFast, we use it to implement two quorum systems, Raft and Copilot. We show that complex quorum systems implemented by DepFast are easy to write and have high performance. Specifically, it takes 25%–35% fewer lines of code to implement Raft and Copilot using DepFast, and the DepFast-based implementations have comparable performance with the state-of-the-art systems.


The Role of Nursing Practice in Promoting Sleep During Brain Injury Rehabilitation Hospitalization by Jill Paul Massengale MS, University of South Florida, 2004 BSN, Medical College of Georgia, 1995 Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Nursing Practice


The scope and purpose of the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) document for a laser lab is often too broad which results in a lengthy, cumbersome document that is difficult to use. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory is working to improve SOP documents by splitting them into a "General Laser Laboratory Safety for Laser Workers" (General SOP) document and a lab-specific "Standard Operating Procedures and Laser Safety Contract" (Lab-specific SOP) document.The scope and purpose of the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) document for a laser lab is often too broad which results in a lengthy, cumbersome document that is difficult to use. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory is working to improve SOP documents by splitting them into a "General Laser Laboratory Safety for Laser Workers" (General SOP) document and a lab-specific "Standard Operating Procedures and Laser Safety Contract" (Lab-specific SOP) document.


In the crystal structure of the title salt, C2H8NO+·C7H6NO5S−, the cations and anions are linked together by N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming layers parallel to (100). The plane of nitro group is skew with respect to the plane of benzene ring, making a dihedral angle of 17.5 (2)°.


The cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) recently received some technological developments in particular in terms of biocompatibility but it maintains some intrinsic limitations such as the inflammatory response, the coagulation alterations, the temporary dysfunction of the microcirculation, and the transient "suffering" of the metabolism of tissues and organs.1 A component of the "conventional" extracorporeal circulation is the venous reservoir. It is usually a rigid container used to collect and "manage" venous blood from the right heart sections and equipped with filters to eliminate gaseous and lipid embolisms. The visualization of the volume and the "level" in the venous reservoir is essential to manage the administration of fluids, deliver an adequate cardiac output and guarantee a bloodless and relaxed heart during cardiac surgery procedures. The venous reservoir in the conventional CPB is essential but, being an open system to atmospheric air, it involves an "air-blood" contact interface. We assumed that the administration of ozone in the venous reservoir could limit the concentration of nitrogen, which would normally be 78% of the air, in direct contact with the blood surface (Figure 1). The ozone therapy (O3) is burdened with some serious side effects, nevertheless it has been extensively applied and studied; in particular the O3 therapy is believed to be effective in treating the heart failure and orthopedic problems.2–4 O3 is characterized by a strong oxidizing power, by a higher solubility in the blood than that of oxygen and is able to supply energy and oxygen to damaged tissues.5 Some studies have shown that O3 improves the ischemia of the injured tissues through the release of oxygen to the tissues themselves, the activation of the pentose phosphate pathway, the elevation of the 2,3-DPG content in the erythrocytes and the stimulation of the erythrocyte oxygen metabolism.5 In addition, O3 can also protect blood cells from oxidative stress by inducing the expression of antioxidant enzymes.4,6 Ozonated autohemotherapy (Ozone-AHT) was initially applied in clinical practice in 1968 and is now widely used in various clinical disciplines, particularly for the treatment of systemic diseases on an ischemic basis.7–9 This bibliographic base for the treatment of systemic and ischemic diseases, has made us hypothesize that the Ozone-AHT applied in the venous reservoir, in addition to the component of O3 itself which dissolves in the blood, can create a protective gaseous layer that blocks the contact between the blood surface and air. The use of gases present in the atmosphere at low concentrations is very common in cardiac surgery, as in the case of carbon dioxide (CO2). The latter, because of its high solubility with respect to oxygen and the higher molecular weight, is used in the operating field to prevent gas embolism caused by nitrogen in the air. However, carbon dioxide brings with it inflammatory effects and changes in the blood corpuscular components. However, its role in the prevention of cerebrovascular events of an embolic nature makes its use essential. Ozone has a molecular weight of 48 U greater than carbon dioxide which has a weight of 44 U.10 This molecular weight supports our hypothesis of ozone's ability to contain the inflammatory response caused by the contact between nitrogen and blood in the venous reservoir of the open circuits. A study was conducted by Deng et al. and aimed to study the effect of ozone on hypoxia, hemolysis, and morphological changes of blood from patients with aortic dissection to provide preliminary evidence of the application of Ozone-AHT in this type of patients. These authors concluded that ozone improves oxygen content and reduces oxidative damage in the blood of patients with aortic dissection and the therapeutic Potentiality of ozone administration in venous reservoir during cardiac surgery


We present results of a Gemini adaptive optics (AO) imaging program to investigate the host galaxies of typical QSOs at z ~ 2. Our aim is to study the host galaxies of typical L QSOs at the epoch of peak QSO and star formation activity. The large database of faint QSOs provided by the Two-Degree Field QSO Redshift Survey allows us to select a sample of QSOs at z = 1.75-2.5 that have nearby (<12'' separation) bright stars suitable for use as AO guide stars. We have observed a sample of nine QSOs. The images of these sources have AO-corrected FWHM of between 0.″11 and 0.″25. We use multiple observations of point-spread function (PSF) calibration star pairs to quantify any uncertainty in the PSF. We then factored these uncertainties into our modeling of the QSO plus host galaxy. In only one case did we convincingly detect a host (2QZ J133311.4+001949, at z = 1.93). This host galaxy has K = 18.5 ± 0.2 mag with a half-light radius Re = 0.″55 ± 0.″1 equivalent to ~3L, assuming a simple passively evolving model. From detailed simulations of our host galaxy modeling process, we find that for four of our targets we should be sensitive to host galaxies that are equivalent to ~2L (passively evolved). Our nondetections therefore place tight constraints on the properties of L QSO host galaxies, which can be no brighter (after allowing for passive evolution) than the host galaxies of L active galactic nuclei at low redshift, although the QSOs themselves are a factor of ~50 brighter. This implies that either the fueling efficiency is much greater at high redshift or that more massive black holes are active at high redshift.


During signal transitions at road sections and intersections, pedestrians and vehicles often clash and cause traffic accidents due to unclear right-of-way. To solve this problem, a vehicle safety braking distance model considering human–vehicle characteristics is established and applied to the designed crosswalk safety warning system to enable pedestrians to cross the street intelligently. The model developed to consider human–vehicle characteristics improves the parking sight distance and pedestrian crossing safety psychological distance models by adding consideration of the effect of vehicle size and type on pedestrian psychology. The established model considering human–vehicle characteristics was improved for the stopping sight distance and pedestrian crossing safety psychological distance models. The effects of vehicle size and type on pedestrian psychology were taken into account. The designed warning system can be divided into a detection module, control module, warning module, and wireless communication module. The system detects the position and speed of pedestrians and vehicles and discriminates the conflict situation, executing the corresponding warning plan for three different types of situations. The system provides warning to pedestrians and vehicles through the different color displays of the intelligent crosswalk. The results show that the proposed model, which synergistically couples vehicle speed, driver reaction time, road characteristic correlation coefficients, and the psychological impact of vehicle size and type on pedestrians, is safe and effective. The designed system solves the problem of pedestrian crossing safety from both theoretical and technical aspects.


AbstractThe effects of metallurgical condition, stress level and applied polarisation potentials on the cracking of 410 stainless steel in boiling sodium sulphide solution have been investigated. The dead load technique was applied. The results indicated that failure mechanism involves both active path corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement depending on thepolarisation potential applied.


To the Editor:— In his letter "Psychiatrists as Physicians" inThe Journal( 201 :334, 1967), Earle M. Chapman calls for professional courtesy by psychiatrists, stating, "Modern psychiatric treatment is short term...." Modern psychiatric treatment is not short term in many instances. Often when it is short term, it is not because that is the treatment of choice, but because of the pressure of numbers in public clinics and financial pressure in the private setting. Doctors and their families are usually able to afford long-term psychiatric treatment which others may need, but cannot afford. Short-term psychiatric treatment is indicated in certain situations, some acute depressions, family or individual crises, some marital problems, etc, and often makes a profound difference in the outcome. Drugs are indicated to relieve symptoms in certain neuroses and are a primary treatment in most cases of schizophrenic reactions and severe depressions. However, neurotic, psychophysiologic, and less malignant


N-Deprotection of Z- and Boc-aminomethylene pseudodipeptide methyl esters yielded not only the expected linear deprotected compounds but also the 2-ketopiperazine cyclic analogues. The extent of lactamization was found to be dependent on the nature of the amino acid, the sequence order, and the deprotection conditions. Hydrogenation of Z-pseudodipeptides containing N-terminal basic amino acids in acidic media afforded linear compounds, while replacement of these basic residues by Leu gave mixtures of linear and cyclic pseudodipeptides. The reverse-sequence analogues, with Lys or Arg at the C-terminus, yielded the corresponding 2-ketopiperazines as the only reaction products. Opposite results were obtained for C-terminal Leu derivatives in which almost no cyclization occurred. Hydrogenation under neutral conditions gave mainly cyclic derivatives, while linear analogues were predominant after treatment of Boc-protected pseudodipeptides with trifluoroacetic acid or HCl.


In this paper, we present a new technique for social mobile robot speech recognition based on scene-associated training models. The key contribution of the paper is a real-time framework that reduces the effect of room reverberation and ambient noise, a challenging problem in speech recognition. In classical approaches, anechoic sound is used to train the model, with the main focus on removing reverberation or noise from the sound. Our technique differs in that we train a number of speech recognizers directly from the reverberated sound, by associating each recognizer with a unique visual scene, to deal with the varying reverberation properties of different rooms. By extracting local features from a captured image and recognizing a scene, the robot can use the appropriate speech recognizer that is trained for the particular structural properties of that scene. We tested our method by using a baseline speech recognition model (HTK) across a variety of rooms and different levels of background noise. The results show that the association between a visual scene and a corresponding speech recognizer greatly improves the robot's speech recognition accuracy, together with increasing the computational speed of recognition, compared to competing techniques.


Objective:To investigate the relationship between sex hormones and cognitive function in schizophrenia.Method:95 schizophrenia cases,receiving 6-week risperidone treatment were involved,and estradiol(E2),progesterone(Prog),testosterone(T),prolactin(PRL),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH) test,brief psychiatrid rating scale(BPRS) assessment and Raven tests were conducted before and after treatment.Results:Male patients' E2,T,FSH,LH levels were positively related to the correct number,perceiption discrimination,similarity comparison,comparison reasoning,series relations on Raven test.After treatment,E2 and T levels were no longer related to the Raven test.Female patients' E2,Prog,T,FSH,LH levels were positively related to the correct number,intelligence quotient,similarity comparison,comparison reasoning,series relations,Abstract reasoning;after treatment,E2,LH levels were remain positively related to the correct number,intelligence quotient,similarity comparison,comparison reasoning,series relations,Abstract reasoning,T level was negatively related to the correct number and each factor score.Conclusion:The sex hormones of male and female schizophrenia have different effects to cognitive function.


Given that certain poems possess the degree of density that is characteristic of the novel form, there would seem to be a justification for the limited analysis which is made here of a single poetic composition, «Woman with Green Eyes» by Val Warner, which belongs to her collection of richly interwoven pieces entitled Before Lunch (1986). Following some brief comments which aim at contextualizing this poem within a trend identifiable as "female epic", the analysis itself attempts to show how the dimensionalized space of the female is beyond structure since its multi-facetedness reaches a degree of saturation whereby structural limits are forced outward in all directions until a boundless function is created. This an-


This paper illustrates how the relatively simple constrained multi-objective optimization algorithm Generalized Differential Evolution 3 (GDE3), can assist with the practical sizing of mechatronic components used in e.g. digital displacement fluid power machinery. The studied bi- and tri-objective problems having 10+ design variables are both highly constrained, nonlinear and non-smooth but nevertheless the algorithm converges to the Pareto-front within a hours of computation (20k function evaluations). Additionally, the robustness and convergence speed of the algorithm are investigated using different optimization control parameter settings and it is concluded that GDE3 is a reliable optimization tool that can assist mechatronic engineers in the design and decision making process.


consolidate a broader local support for the revolutionary project. As Becker claims, the Cuban revolution "forms a gold standard by which other movements are judged" (131); it "was the most successful, longest lasting, and furthest reaching of the 20th-century revolutions in Latin America" (108). Though opponents of the Cuban Revolution usually state their goals in terms of a return to democratic governance, neither social equality nor individual freedoms existed before the revolution. Nevertheless, the author acknowledges the shortcomings of the revolution, especially the fact that its socioeconomic gains have been made at the expense of individual freedoms.


Abstract Much of critical social science today argues that the oil crisis must be resolved by getting away from it: Alternative energy is the only answer to peak oil. Yet, recent massive and continuing oil discoveries in Africa have been offered as a potential stop-gap measure to simultaneously improve socio-economic conditions and enhance energy security on that continent, as well as to bridge global income inequalities, while supporting the energy needs of richer countries, especially at a time of continuing disquiet in the major oil producing centers in the world. Memories of plunder of African resources, formed by years of "resource curse," however, erect dark clouds over the possibility of using oil to achieve the seemingly irreconcilable aims of oil benefit to both Africa and the rest. Australia finds itself at these crossroads: It has a looming oil crisis and an emergent relationship with Africa. In this paper, I argue for a non-determinist, research-led approach to resolve this imbroglio.


The manufacturing process of ferrite production consists in a chain of structural and phase transformations resulted in formation of ferrite ceramics from disperse systems (their solid phase is represented by metal oxides). The forces of surface tension play a crucial role at all stages of the technological process. A decrease in surface tension forces during grinding due to the use of surfactants (surface active substances) leads to better disaggregation of the components (both original and ferritized). The use of surfactants reduces interparticle friction and provides manufacturing of more dense workpieces at the stage of pressing. Microadditives promote faster formation of contact isthmuses. The goal of the study is to develop a method for determining the surface tension coefficient of 600NN ferrite material during sintering. The proposed approach is based on measurements of the shrinkage of various fragments of a vertically sintered ferrite rod, which are used to determine the values of the coefficient. It is shown that the surface tension coefficient of the studied ferrite material during sintering was σ = 65.2 ± 13.0 N/m with a confidence probability of 95%. The results obtained can be used to study the effect of the sintering temperature, the size of sintered particles, the amount and quality of alloying additives on the forces of surface tension. Moreover, the data can be used in the study of the relationship between the value of the surface tension coefficient and the parameters of the microstructure.


The development of a route for a key building block in the synthesis of abemaciclib is described. The route proceeds through a Leuckart–Wallach reductive amination in flow followed by an Ullmann amination with aqueous ammonia. Key to the Leuckart–Wallach reductive amination was the addition of trimethyl orthoformate for water removal, running the reaction continuously in a pipes-in-series reactor for rapid heat-up, and building a kinetic model to understand time and temperature parameters for the feed tank storage. The product of the Leuckart–Wallach reductive amination is forward processed in batch and telescoped with the Ullmann amination and subsequent workup. The development resulted in a robust process that has successfully been run on the production scale.


Passenger transport safety is an important issue. This paper presents a method for the identification of locations at the intersection of tramlines and road traffic, which are characterized by a high level of risk. Furthermore, different aspects of risk have been determined in order to analyse the problem in a complex way. For each aspect of risk, a measure was developed to estimate the level of risk. The application of the proposed method has been presented on the basis of an analysis of documentation of traffic incidents on the tram network. Accordingly, hazardous road locations have been identified.


For the last two years, I've been invited to participate in an interfaith forum hosted by the local Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama'. "As people of faith, I feel we should have some kind of relationship," the president explained when he first called me. He suggested fasting as an aid to peace as a topic that I and several other speakers could address from our different faith traditions. What's more, he offered to arrange the venue and publicity. We would both invite people to attend, and his group would provide a meal for everyone to share. All the arrangements went well, and it turned out to be such a wonderful evening that I readily agreed to take part the following year. Last January, I spoke for the first time in a Catholic church, as part of the Week of Prayer for Christian Unity. Instead of a week of services hosted by different congregations, the planning committee decided on a Sunday afternoon joint time of worship. The Catholic priest led the opening liturgy. A United Church of Canada minister read the invitation to confession. The choir director was from the Anglican church. Those who gathered for this unity service included members of churches of various denominations and no denomination, people who were regular churchgoers and those who were simply curious.


Background:  Shared maternity care is an important model of care in Australia and overseas, but Victorian studies have shown patient dissatisfaction and widespread communication problems.


An aspect of the present invention proposes a solution to allow a dynamic adjustment of a performance level of a GPU based on the user observed screen area. According to one embodiment, a user's focus in one or more display panels is determined. The GPU that performs rendering for that region and/or display panel will dynamically adjust (i.e., increase) the level of performance in response to the user's focus, whereas all other GPUs (e.g., the GPUs that perform rendering for other regions/display panels) will experience a reduced level of performance. According to such an embodiment, dynamically reducing the performance of GPUs outside of the area of focus can result in any one or more of a significant number of benefits, including lower power consumption rates, less processing, less (frequent) memory accesses, and reduced heat and noise levels.


As this issue of QA goes to press, hopefully so too does the Australasian-INTIMATE special issue of 'Quaternary Science Reviews'. This issue showcases some of the research of the second phase of Aus-INTIMATE (INQUA: PALCOMM project #0806), which focussed on the palaeoclimate of the Australasian region over the past 30,000 years. By definition, INTIMATE looks to INTegrate Ice core, Marine and TErrestrial records and this is well re and reflected in the papers of this volume.


Most turn-of-the-century American magazines in library collections are missing all or most of their advertisements, which were stripped out before binding both by libraries and by the publishers' binderies themselves. The decision to remove them was the product of attitudes toward advertising based in part on the presumed gender and class of people to whom those ads were believed to appeal. The question of the value and worth of advertising was the subject of considerable debate among advertisers, magazines, and readers. Librarians can help patrons circumvent the distortions the stripping of ads has left in the record.


PURPOSE: To provide the image storage and reproduction system which can transmit data required to obtain sufficient picture quality for a moving picture at low cost and can transmit the necessary data by using a conventional communication line without causing a deficiency in transmission capacity. CONSTITUTION: This system is equipped with an image encoding and decoding part 102 which encodes and decodes an inputted image, a multiplexed data transmission and reception part 103 which transmits the image encoded by the image encoding and decoding part 102, a system control part 101 which controls the image encoding and decoding part 102 and multiplexed data transmission and reception part 103, a multiplexed data transmission and reception part 112 which receives the image sent from the multiplexed data transmission and reception part 103 and sends it, a storage device 113 which stores the image received from the multiplexed data transmission and reception part 112, and a system control part 111 which controls the multiplexed data transmission and reception part 112 so as to reads the image out of the storage device 113 and send it. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


The fundamental consideration in the design & development of a content based image retrieval system is to extract the image features that best represent the image contents in a database. Currently several image indexing approaches based on Quadtree do exist. In this paper, the proposed approach is primarily concentrating on database classification for efficient image representation and effective retrieval using Quadtree decomposition technique augmented by sparse based index structure. In this proposed framework, the efficient storage of images is carried out in the beginning using Quadtree decomposition by routing the images in their respective subsets. This consequently enables us to directly retrieve the closely matching images from the appropriate subset(s) while discarding the other disparate. The fine retrieval process is eventually achieved with the help of already maintained sparse based information vector, prepared at the time of storage of images. Thus the proposed approach has the competence to significantly increase the accuracy in the image retrieval while simultaneously minimizing the computational complexity .


An LSTM-aided hybrid random access scheme (LSTMH-RA) is proposed to support diverse quality of service (QoS) requirements in 6G MTC heterogeneous networks where URLLC and mMTC devices coexist. This scheme employs an attention-based LSTM prediction model to predict the number of active URLLC devices, determines the parameters of the multi-user detection algorithm dynamically, and then allows URLLC devices to access the network via a two-step contention-free access procedure, to meet latency and reliability access requirements; mMTC devices access the network via a contentionbased TA-aided access mechanism to meet massive access requirement. We analyze the successful access probability of the LSTMH-RA scheme. Numerical results show that, compared to the benchmark schemes, the LSTMH-RA scheme significantly improves the successful access probability, and satisfies the diverse QoS requirements of URLLC and mMTC devices.


A descriptive correlational study was conducted to (a) assess the psychometric properties of two patient classification systems, (b) explore the relationship between nursing care time and intensity and (c) integrate nursing care time and intensity data to predict a staffing pattern. Seventy-one medical patients representing 373 patient days constituted the sample. The Nursing Intensity Index (NII) and the GRASP instruments were used for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. -- High internal consistency and inter rater reliability were demonstrated for both the NII and GRASP. Factor analysis generated nine factors to explain 73.6% of the variance in GRASP and three factors to explain 59.4% of the variance in the NII. NII scores were significantly correlated with GRASP scores indicating a shared variability of 49%. Regression analysis indicated that seven NII items explained 55% of the total GRASP score, thus leaving 45% of the variability in nursing workload unexplained. Integration of GRASP and NII data produced a skill mix ratio of 80 percent RN to 20 percent RNA. However, this ratio was not supported by the perceptions of direct caregivers. Methodological and application problems may have influenced this result. More research is needed to identify other factors that may affect skill mix before firm conclusions can be made.


Consumers demand new biologically natural-active ingredients with a great capacity to
promote a healthier advantage and free from toxicity. Pitcher (Nepenthes) is one of the
naturally carnivorous climber herbs. Extract from Nepenthes plant contains numerous
beneficial bioactivity characteristics. This research compared the impact of 0.05% pitcher
extract demonstrated with 10 ppm butylated hydroxyanisole on the accumulation of acid
value, peroxide value, carbonyl value and thiobarbituric acid during 12 months of storage.
Results showed that there was no significant difference between 0.05% pitcher extract and
10 ppm butylated hydroxyanisole in respect of acid value, peroxide value, carbonyl value
and thiobarbituric acid during preservation of the dried squid. Pitcher extract would be a
promising alternative to replace synthetic antioxidants to overcome oxidative rancidity in
the dried seafood.


"The Coach" is a web-based tool developed to guide students through the technical writing process. It provides instruction about form as well as critique of different aspects of the students' writing. It goes beyond the Microsoft word spell check and grammar check. It gives feedback about writing complexity and appropriateness for different word choices in a technical document. It also gives background about the appropriate contents for technical writing in addition to example documents. The latter is extremely important for the novice writer who may not have much experience in working with technical reports.The initial document type in "The Coach" is a lab report. If the lab report can be developed into the web-based tool, other forms will be more easily implemented. In addition to developing the website, the development team is preparing a document and a video for a professor to use to instruct students on the use of "The Coach."The instructional materials and "The Coach" were beta tested with a freshman engineering class. A baseline writing sample was collected before the introduction of "The Coach." Students in some sections were instructed in use of "The Coach," and other sections were controls. Additional beta testing is ongoing.© 2012 ASME


To the Editor. —In their excellent article, "Migraine and Other Diseases in Women of Reproductive Age: The Influence of Smoking on Observed Associations," in the October 1987 issue of theArchives, 1 Dr Chen and coworkers use the term migraineur to refer to pregnant women with migraine. Is this not the masculine form? Should not a woman with migraine be called a migraineuse? Should this latter word not be used generically for all migraine populations who do not contain a clear majority of men?


Provided is a biochemical test chip including an insulating substrate, an electrode unit, a first insulating septum, a reactive layer and a second insulating septum. The insulating substrate has a first vent hole. The electrode unit is located on the insulating substrate. The first insulating septum is located on the electrode unit. The first insulating septum has an opening which exposes a part of the electrode unit. The reactive layer is located in the opening. The second insulating septum is located on the first insulating septum. The second insulating septum has a second vent hole. The first vent hole is at least partially overlapped with the second vent hole.


Bean is considered a very common vegetable crop in many countries worldwide. Beans are used as green pods or as dry beans. Egypt cultivates beans either for local consumption or for exportation especially during winter and spring seasons. Root rot and damping-off during early stages of bean growth, cause great losses for growers. Growers usually use highly toxic chemical fungicides to protect their investment and get rid of damping-off problem. Using these toxic chemicals led to rejection of exported shipment. The present work offers biological control as a substitute for the toxic chemicals. In this work three different biocontrol mixtures were used. These mixtures consist of Trichoderma spp. isolates (T1+T2) or mixture of Bacillus subtilis isolates (B1+B2) or combination between T. harzianum isolate plus B. subtilis isolate (B2+T2) to illustrate their effect on plant protection against damping-off and also their side effect on beneficial bacterium Rhizobium phaseoli. Data obtained showed that the mixture of the different bioagents either formulated as powder or suspension were varied in their effect on controlling damping-off disease in beans under field condition. A mixture consists of B.subtilis+ T.harzianum (B2+T2) either in form of powder or suspension showed the highest effect in disease control compared with control treatment and the other two mixtures (T1+T2) and (B1+B2). Using of the mixture (B2+T2) as powder or suspension led to increase in fresh and dry weight of shoot and root system of treated plants compared with all other treatments. Using of the same mixture (B2+T2) also led to an increase in the number of pods/plant, yield and percentage of dry weight/ 100(g) pods. Regarding effect of biological treatment on chemical components of the treated plants, it was clear that using the mixture of (B2+T2) led to clear increase in free phenols, total phenols, reduced sugars, amount of chlorophyll in addition to percentage of protein compared with control treatment and the other used mixtures(T1+T2) or (B1+B2). When Rh. phaseoli was considered in plant protection process, obtained data indicated that Rh.phaseoli alone has very slight effect against incidence of damping-off disease. This slight effect increased in presence of any used biological mixtures. The highest synergistic effect was recorded when Rh. phaseoli was in combination with the mixture (B2+T2). Obtained results also revealed that the presence of Rh. phaseoli with biocontrol mixtures led to changes in some chemical components in the treated plants compared with the control and the other mixtures and Rh.phaseoli alone. The highest increase in these components (free phenoltotal phenolreduced sugarschlorophyllprotein) was noticed when Rh.phaseoli was used in presence of (B2+T2) mixture. Effects of adding Rh.phaseoli with biocontrol mixtures on yield were also studied under field conditions. Data obtained indicated that all mixtures of biocontrol agents in combination with Rh.phaseoli led to increase number of rhizobium nodules, fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots, in addition to increase in number of pods/plant, yield/plant and weight of 100 pods. Key words— Bacillus subtilis, bean, Biocontrol agents, damping-off, Rhizobium phaseoli, Trichoderma harzianum. ————————————————————


The article focuses on integration of Roman private law into the Russian Civil law. The authors study the evolution of perpetual land tenure institute. The article gives the correlation of such concepts as ''emphyteusis right" and "vektigal right", "kortom right" and "chinsh right", and comparative characteristics of the Roman Law institute "emphyteusis" and the institute of the Russian "chinsh use". Basing on the analysis of the historical development of the institution ''emphyteusis", scientific approaches to this problem, the authors point out the distinctive features that characterize the institution of ''emphyteusis" as a special kind of a limited property right. The relevance of the subject is caused by the development of a new RF Civil Code draft, and a number of amendments and additions to it. Thus, it is suggested that the institute of ''emphyteusis", possessing the distinctive features alongside with the features of "chinsh use", should be introduced into the Russian Civil law.


This paper describes experimental apparatus that makes it possible to determine the spatial structure of the crown of a plant. The apparatus can be used in breeding studies and can also be used when choosing an irradiator for plants in decorative floriculture.


In this paper, we present our design and experiments on a planar biped robot under the control of a pure sensor-driven controller. This design has some special mechanical features, for example small curved feet allowing rolling action and a properly positioned center of mass, that facilitate fast walking through exploitation of the robot's natural dynamics. Our sensor-driven controller is built with biologically inspired sensor- and motor-neuron models, and does not employ any kind of position or trajectory tracking control algorithm. Instead, it allows our biped robot to exploit its own natural dynamics during critical stages of its walking gait cycle. Due to the interaction between the sensor-driven neuronal controller and the properly designed mechanics of the robot, the biped robot can realize stable dynamic walking gaits in a large domain of the neuronal parameters. In addition, this structure allows the use of a policy gradient reinforcement learning algorithm to tune the parameters of the sensor-driven controller in real-time, during walking. This way RunBot can reach a relative speed of 3.5 leg lengths per second after only a few minutes of online learning, which is faster than that of any other biped robot, and is also comparable to the fastest relative speed of human walking.


A series of selenothioic acid S-esters and diselenoic acid esters have been synthesized by the following three types of methods : (1) reactions of terminal acetylenes with n-butyllithium, selenium and thiols; (2) reactions of selenoic acid O-methyl esters with aluminum chalcogenolates; (3) reactions of selenothioacetic acid S-esters with aldehydes and/or allylic bromides in the presence of a base. On the basis of synthetic results, the general trends for the relative stability of the esters have been proposed. Among several types of esters, one of the most simple esters, i.e., selenium and sulfur counterparts of acetic acid esters are the most stable. The introduction of aromatic substituents does not necessarily enhance the stability of the esters. Reactions of the esters toward heavy metal salts, such as nickel chloride, zinc iodide, and cadmium acetate, electron deficient alkynes, and reducing agents provided new synthetic methods of a variety of organoselenium compounds.


Astrophysical sources of very high energy (VHE; >100 GeV) γ-rays are rare, since GeV and TeV photons can be only emitted in extreme circumstances involving interactions of relativistic particles with local radiation and magnetic fields. In the context of the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT), only a few sources are known to be VHE emitters, where the largest fraction belongs to the rarest class of active galactic nuclei: the blazars. In this work, we explore Fermi-LAT data for energies >100 GeV and Galactic latitudes b > ∣50°∣ in order to probe the origin of the extragalactic isotropic γ-ray emission. Since the production of such VHE photons requires very specific astrophysical conditions, we would expect that the majority of the VHE photons from the isotropic γ-ray emission originate from blazars or other extreme objects like star-forming galaxies, γ-ray bursts, and radio galaxies, and that the detection of a single VHE photon at the adopted Galactic latitudes would be enough to unambiguously trace the presence of such a counterpart. Our results suggest that blazars are, by far, the dominant class of sources above 100 GeV, although they account for only 22.8−4.1+4.5 % of the extragalactic VHE photons. The remaining 77−4.5+4.1% of the VHE photons still have an unknown origin.


Non-offensive defence Germany in Europe the predecessors territorial defence the defence wall disengagement models sword and shield conditional offensive capability spider and web the "missing link" approach the men on horseback social defence the common security approach the Eastern response the political scene the SPD the peace movement and the Greens the government parties.


Dioxins are by-product chemicals of unintentional products from uncremated chlorinated aromatic compound, such as polychlorinated. dibenzo-para-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzo furans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs), they have 419 congeners, the most toxic compound is 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (2,3,7, 8-TCDD). Dioxins are very soluble in oil and fat. Dioxins are found in water, soil, air, foods, contaminated in the food chain of humans and animals; enter the body through breathing, skin contact and eating food contaminated with dioxins. Dioxins are affect in the immune system, hormone system, nervous system, reproductive system, tumors and cancer. Department of Medical Sciences, Bureau of Quality and Safety of Food has established a laboratory for dioxins analysis in foods, the first Laboratory of the country. In order to protect consumers and to communicate possible risk, 62 samples of food and feed were analysed by screening method during February 2009 to September 2010. The result shows that dioxins were found in 1 refined coconut oil sample and 13 feed samples. Key words: Dioxins, Furans, PCBs, screening method


By interviewing a certain college student,some first-hand information was obtained so as to make an analysis of the fatigue fracture.The paper provides some treatment and rehabilitation training methods for fatigue fracture.


We propose a novel fully automatic method for novel‐viewpoint synthesis. Our method robustly handles multi‐camera setups featuring wide‐baselines in an uncontrolled environment. In a first step, robust and sparse point correspondences are found based on an extension of the Daisy features [ TLF10 ]. These correspondences together with back‐projection errors are used to drive a novel adaptive coarse to fine reconstruction method, allowing to approximate detailed geometry while avoiding an extreme triangle count.


The performance requirements for a firefighter's turnout code are broken down into five major categories: hazard protection, comfort, durability and where, appearance and visibility, and other requirements. Appropriate test methods for measuring each performance requirement or that a fight in disgust. Suitable test methods are found to be lacking in several key areas, including impact protection and thermal insulation. The design and performance of present turnout codes are evaluated in terms of the performance requirements. These requirements and available test results on coats now in use are related to and interpreted in terms of firefighter evaluations, injury statistics, and the existing literature.


We immunohistochemically examined the expression of the glucose transporters (GLUT)1, GLUT3 and GLUT4, in 154 tumor samples of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. In addition, we investigated the correlations between the expression of GLUTs and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and microvessel count and clinical parameters. The rates of expression of GLUT1, GLUT3 and GLUT4 were 98.7%, 92.8% and 84.4%, respectively. GLUT1 and GLUT4 were both strongly expressed in serous adenocarcinoma, but weakly expressed in clear cell adenocarcinoma. The expressions of GLUT1 and GLUT4 correlated with the clinical disease stage. The expressions of GLUT1, GLUT3 and GLUT4 correlated positively with VEGF expression. The expression status for GLUT1, GLUT3, GLUT4 and VEGF did not represent a prognostic factor. These findings suggest that characteristic differences in the patterns of glucose uptake can exist according to the histological type and that GLUT1, GLUT3 and GLUT4 could be related to tumor angiogenesis in epithelial ovarian carcinoma.


The effects of acetone concentration and reaction temperature on the electrooxidation of 2-propanol at Pd electrode were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry.The results show that acetone significantly poisons the electrocatalytic activity of Pd for 2-propanol oxidation.A competitive adsorption mechanism was proposed to interpret the poisoning effect.


Ahe formation of Jurassic is a large braided river delta deposit in Yangxia sag in Tarim basin. The thick sand bodies of braided river channel occur in shape of longitudinal overlapping and lateral cross connecting,and the low-porosity and low-permeability reservoir is extensively distributed in this area. The field survey,core observation,microscopic identification and imaging logging show that the fractures in the Ahe sandstone are well-developed. Dibei gas reservoir in this sag has the characteristics of a typical fractured tight sandstone gas reservoir. The fracture development has very important controlling effect on such a gas accumulation,including reducing initial charging pressure,forming advantageous charging,shaping network charging channels,improving the efficiency of gas charging,enhancing tight sandstone permeability,increasing gas saturation and pore space as well as enlarging the size of the reserves.


The interaction between light and randomly inhomogeneous media is a complicated process that is usually examined upon ensemble averaging. We will review several situations where the spatial and temporal variations of polarization can be quantified and structural information not apparent in ensemble averages can be obtained. Article not available.


Discussion at the workshop was limited to the management of car traffic in a corridor containing a freeway and at least one parallel arterial road. Discussion covered: (1) policy and management issues; (2) driver interface issues; and (3) infrastructure and equipment issues. A suggested approach for (1) was the creation of a Joint Operations Group, to act as a forum for review and evaluation throughout the planning, design, implementation and operation of the corridor management system. For driver interface issues; three areas were mentioned: (a) driver education; (b) the provision of driver information; and (c) the need for effective information dissemination to the corridor users. In terms of the infrastructure and equipment issues, some specific areas require development to fully utilise the benefits associated with corridor management and these are briefly described. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 832076.


In the present era, the global need for food is increasing rapidly; nanomaterials are a useful tool for improving crop production and yield. The application of nanomaterials can improve plant growth parameters. Biotic stress is induced by many microbes in crops and causes disease and high yield loss. Every year, approximately 20–40% of crop yield is lost due to plant diseases caused by various pests and pathogens. Current plant disease or biotic stress management mainly relies on toxic fungicides and pesticides that are potentially harmful to the environment. Nanotechnology emerged as an alternative for the sustainable and eco-friendly management of biotic stress induced by pests and pathogens on crops. In this review article, we assess the role and impact of different nanoparticles in plant disease management, and this review explores the direction in which nanoparticles can be utilized for improving plant growth and crop yield.


The present paper reports the results from two investigations that examined the degree to which racial tolerance influences Caucasians' attraction to organizations. In Study 1, 280 Caucasian job seekers rated the extent to which various organizational features would influence their interest in an organization. Findings suggested that (a) racial tolerance was related to the importance placed on organizational diversity, but not other factors (e.g., pay), and (b) that racial tolerance predicted the importance placed on organizational diversity above and beyond other relevant individual differences. Study 2 extended Study 1 by examining whether the diversity values expressed in job advertisements affect Caucasians' perceptions of organizational image and subsequent job pursuit intentions. The results of Study 2 indicated that racial tolerance was significantly related to organizational perceptions and pursuit intentions when strong diversity values were communicated in a job advertisement. Recent work in the organizational behavior literature has called upon researchers to consider more fully the impact that the ''attitudinal baggage'' individuals bring to their jobs may have on organizations (Brief, 1998). Converging lines of evidence indicate that racial tolerance is one piece of baggage that, if ignored, may have particularly negative consequences for organizations. Projections indicate that the demographic composition of the North American workforce is shifting dramatically and that minority group members are the fastest growing segment of the labor force (Fullerton,


In this article is proved the importance for the solution of problems, concerned with the assessment of scientists distribution by Russian inhabited points and regions; comparison of scientists printing activity. Available sources of information and approaches to such estimates performance are analyzed, their advantages and disadvantages are shown. Authors are proved the expediency of comparison for official statistics data about scientific activity and authors printing activity indicators, which are in open access on the website of the Russian Index of Scientific Citing (RISC). Merits and demerits of this resource usage for the solution of problems, concerned with assessment of Russian scientists distribution by regions and inhabited points are specified. For administrative centers of Russian regions (ACRR) authors have estimated (on the basis of RISC data) the absolute numbers of authors (ANA), which have published works; the relative number of authors (RNA) normalized by population quantity. These estimates are compared with official data about researchers quantities in inhabited points/regions and some other indicators, concerned with scientific activity. Values of the correlation coefficients between the considered parameters are received and analyzed. Indicators of ANA and RNA are calculated also for some Russian "science cities". For each of ACRR authors are elected by 10 scientists, having the greatest numbers publications in RISC. For each of these selections are calculated some average values. Then these values are compared for different ACRR. Indicators, estimating ACRR "saturation" by scientists, are compared also with some regions key indicators of social and economic development. The matrix of correlation coefficients for indicators have been received. On the basis of this matrix some conclusions have been drawn.


The invention discloses an array substrate, display equipment, electronic equipment, a scanning method and a scanning device which are used for solving the problems of signal scanning and signal interference of an in cell touch screen. The array substrate comprises a grid line, a data line as well as a pixel electrode and a thin film transistor which are formed in a pixel region formed by the grid line and the data line; the array substrate further comprises an induction line; the induction line is corresponding to the grid line and vertical to the data line, and is used for carrying out discharge detection within a first period of time so as to determine the position of a touched point when a touch action is performed. According to the invention, by virtue of adjusting and optimizing LCD signals, touch signal scanning is completed at the clearance of a gate signal and a data signal; and only one group of scanning lines are additionally arranged, so that the influence of LCD noises is avoided.


New soluble amorphous and crystalline complexes of conjugated aromatic Schiff base polymers with diarylphosphates have been prepared and their molecular and electronic structures and morphology characterized by FTIR spectra, electronic absorption spectra, differential scanning calorimetry and x-ray diffraction. The diphenyl phosphate (DPP) or di-m-cresyl phosphate (DCP) complexes of the conjugated polyimines have electronic structures and optical properties that are dramatically different from the pure polymers due to the formation of polyiminium ions on complexation. At diarylphosphate : imine ratio equal to 0.50, amorphous materials are obtained whereas highly crystalline complexes are obtained at the stoichiometric ratio. The potential of complexation in modulating and enhancing the thirdorder nonlinear optical properties of this class of polymers is demonstrated.


Abstract

In the Netherlands most patients die in the intensive care unit (ICU) after a decision to withdraw life-sustaining measures (WOLSM) has been made. The ICU patients in whom life-sustaining measures are withdrawn are relatively old and are severely ill, according to the APACHE and SOFA scores.

The patient group with severe trauma to the central nervous system has the highest incidence of WOLSM. Although this seems logical, just because neurological outcome is so difficult to predict, early withdrawing introduces a substantial self-fulfilling prophecy, making reliable prognostication in the near future almost impossible. Especially in the young patient group, even in the case of severe neurological damage, patience is to be advised.