Flexible cross-corrugated shells are used to create flexible waveguides that connect rigid waveguides. They compensate for mounting stresses during assembly, provide temperature compensation and vibration damping. These waveguides are widely used in spacecraft communication systems, they are required – flexibility, mechanical strength, geometric accuracy and minimal energy loss when connected to the transmission line. In this paper, the process of corrugating rectangular profile pipes made of BrB 2 bronze to create transversely corrugated shells is investigated. Objectives of the work: 1) analysis of technological processes of corrugation of waveguide pipes to select the most accurate method; 2) conducting a numerical experiment to determine technological parameters. Based on the analysis of the methods of transverse corrugation, the most rational method of corrugation with a liquid punch on a solid matrix has been incorporated. The scientific novelty lies in the creation of a mathematical model based on the theory of bending moments and beam stretching. With its help, a mathematical experiment was carried out, which has an applied benefit for the calculations of technological operations, for the corrugation of a waveguide. The pressures necessary for corrugation for different corrugation geometries are found and patterns are revealed. The mathematical model has an applied use for preliminary calculations of technological operations of corrugation of rectangular pipes. The calculation allows you to choose the most optimal mode of the technological process: fluid pressure, deformation, change in yield strength, allowing you to produce a flexible waveguide qualitatively. The result of the calculations is useful in preliminary design to determine the size of the corrugating equipment and the effort required to implement the technological process of forming the corrugations of rectangular pipes.


Superconducting electrodynamic suspension (EDS) train has the unique advantages of excellent levitation and guidance stabilities, large levitation gap, and so on. All of these merits make it a promising candidate for the future ultrahigh-speed transportations. In order to explore the dynamic characteristics of the EDS system with a figure-eight-shaped coil (ground coil), this article transforms the complex electromagnetic field coupling between the superconducting magnets and ground coils into a reduced circuit relationship based on the dynamic circuit theory. Meanwhile, the motion characteristics are introduced to establish the field-circuit-motion-coupled model. In this article, a faster and more convenient semianalytical method was proposed to solve mutual inductance. First, the dynamic circuit model of a single-sided figure-eight-shaped null-flux EDS system was established. The magnetic coupling calculation was carried out between the onboard superconducting magnets and ground coils by a semianalytical method. Furthermore, the time-step iteration method was utilized to solve the induced current governing equation of the ground coil under different operating conditions. The energy method was employed to find the transient solution of the levitation force, guidance force, and drag force. Second, the field-circuit-motion-coupled model was validated by the experimental data of MLX01 on the Japanese Yamanashi testline. To investigate the influence upon the suspension and guidance caused by the different connection types of figure-eight-shaped coil, a cross-connected EDS train dynamic circuit model was built. Finally, based on the field-circuit-motion-coupled model, the essential parameters affecting the stability of the system were explored, and the characteristics of the system when vertical or lateral displacement occurs were calculated and analyzed. The achievements of this article can provide a reference for the design of the EDS train for future even higher speed transportation.


A STUDENT of medical history would arrive at the conclusion that for the past forty years the shadow on the medical sundial has been stationary at ten minutes to twelve. Each succeeding decade has brought forth Presidents who warned all and sundry that the hour of government intervention in medical practice was imminent. The discourse thereafter varied somewhat. There were those who exhorted the profession to don battle dress and sally forth to the fray. There were others who advocated that an effort be made to guide the inevitable steps into familiar pathways, while still others seemed so overcome by fear or frustration that a great silence was thought -appropriate. In 1959 we witnessed the intervention of government in the field of hospitalization and the realm of medical practice of those closely associated with hospitals. What effect has this had on the shadow of the medical sundial? Has it pushed the shadow away from or closer to the zero hour of twelve o'clock? Ten years ago the Council of the Canadian Medical Association, meeting in Saskatchewan, enunciated certain principles which it believed should guide our Association in dealing with problems facing us in those days. We expressed our ..e-lief in, among other things, the prepayment method of defraying the cost of illness. Since then a great deal of time and effort has been expended in implementing this principle on which we staked our future. Although our experience in this field was limited at that time, we had made a start and had insured in medically sponsored plans about 8% of the population of Canada. The commercial insurance carriers had also insured a little over 8%o of the population, so that altogether about 16%c of the Canadian people had seen fit to protect themselves against the cost of illness by the prepayment method. In the intervening years this type of insurance coverage has gained in popularity. We find today that our prepaid plans have now insured approximately 24% of the population, and, peculiarly, the commercial carriers have kept pace with us and have increased their enrolment to 24%o of the population, so that we now have in Canada 48% of our total population covered by some type or health insurance. Stated in other words, we had covered in 1949, 2.2 million people, and in 1959, -we had 8.2 million enrolled. Although I have no figures for the commercial companies I think it is worthy of note that in 1959 our own medically sponsored or approved plans


We applied AFLP to analyze the extent and structure of the molecular diversity among the following genera: - Elaeis (Oil palm). The domesticated species, with major present economic importance, originated in Africa but all the wild relatives are from tropical America. AFLP and RFLP analysis were compared. - Astrocaryum. A major palm genera in the Amazon bassin. Three species are emerging with potential economic value. Morphological systematic is well advanced but the limits of species are controversial. Most species represent good ecological markers. Distributed in most of the neotropical area. - Manihot (Cassava). A most difficult genus in systematic. Many species are found in most of the neotropics. A major challenge in the utilization and the conservation of the genetic resources of a major staple crop. Air dried leaves (heat or silica gel) or small pieces of regular herbarium specimens were generally used to simplify the collection of representative material from most of tropical South America (Astrocaryum, Manihot). Existing collections were sampled for Elaeis. AFLP analysis were contracted to the commercial laboratory Linkage Genetics (Salt Lake City, Utah). Multivariate analysis was used to evidence species relationships and boundaries. Contrasted examples of the results will be presented. While established systematic based on morphology is generally confirmed, new insights in the genera structure were also obtained and hidden structures evidenced. The genus Manihot shows a huge diversity but species boundaries are most difficult to define. The "window" given by AFLP on molecular polymorphism is well adapted to the study of infra-specific and infra-generic diversity. (Texte integral)


Introduction: Candidates of cesarean section with a previous history of such surgery are at a higher risk of intra-abdominal adhesions in comparison to those having undergone vaginal delivery. Intra-abdominal adhesions lead to prolonged operative time, intraoperative hemorrhage, fetomaternal morbidity, and requirement of the help of other surgeons. Therefore, this study was conducted to study the characteristics of abdominal scars in order to predict and manage intra-abdominal adhesions before operation. Methods: This descriptive prospective study was conducted on 109 candidates of cesarean section with a previous history of such surgery in Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran, in 2017. The data recorded for each patient included demographic characteristics, body mass index, abdominal scar characteristics, and severity of abdominal adhesion. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) using the Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 109 participants, 36 (32.02) women had adhesion, 17 (15.6 ) cases of whom had dense vascular adhesions or frozen pelvis. The analysis showed a significant difference between the filmy adhesion or non-adhesion group and adhesive adhesion or frozen pelvis group in terms of flat and non-flat scars (P=0.042), scar height (P=0.005), and depressed and non-depressed scars (P=0.004). Conclusion: As the findings indicated, a depressed abdominal scar resulting from a previous cesarean delivery was correlated with the incidence and severity of intra-abdominal adhesions (P<0.05).


Broadband terahertz wave detection through field-induced second harmonic generation was systematically investigated using selected gases. The dependences of the detected second harmonic intensity on probe pulse energy, bias field strength, gas pressure, and third order nonlinear susceptibility are systematically investigated with xenon, nitrogen, SF6, and alkanes. Experiment results reveal that the detected second harmonic intensity quadratically depends on the third order nonlinear susceptibility of the gas. Two orders of magnitude enhancement in the dynamic range of broadband terahertz wave detection are observed with alkane gas (C4H10) sensor.


We argue that existing doubly special relativities may not be operationally distinguishable from the special relativity. In the process we point out that some of the phenomenologically motivated modifications of dispersion relations, and arrived conclusions, must be reconsidered. Finally, we reflect on the possible conceptual issues that arise in quest for a theory of spacetime with two invariant scales.


The group transfer polymerization of p-ethoxy biphenyl methacrylate with MTS initiator and bibenzoate catalyst was reported. The polymer exhibits liquid crystalline property although the mesogenic side chains are directly fixed to the polymer backbone. The effects of the initiator and catalyst concentration, solvent, temperature on polymerization were studied.


The antimicrobial activity of Rhizopus oligosporus as a food grade microorganism is highly important to the food Industry in assessing the microbial safety, and shelf life of finished fermented food product. Studies were carried out to investigate the heat stability, optimization of antimicrobial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the growth filtrate produced by Rhizopus oligosporus NRRL 2710 using the agar well diffusion method. When the filtrate was heated at 20 o C, 40 o C and 60 o C for 20-60 min, it was inhibitory, but when the filtrate was heated at 40 o C, 60 o C, 80 o C and 100 o C for 80-100min the antimicrobial activity was not detected. The highest zone of inhibition (9.0mm) was observed against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi followed by Pseudomonas aureginosa showing an inhibition zone of 8.0mm while Staphyloccouss aureus, Corynebacteria diphtheriae and Klebsiella pneumoniae recorded an inhibition zone of 7.0mm. The least zone of inhibition (6.5mm) was detected against Proteus mirabilis. (control experiment). Optimization showed that the best pH and temperature were 4 and 37 o C respectively. The C: N ratio investigation indicated that the highest zone of inhibition of 15.0mm was observed against Salmonella typhi at ratio 3:5. The MIC and MCB were 2.5mg/ml for Proteus mirabilis and 5.0mg/ml for Corynebacteria diphtheria respectively. From this study, antimicrobial activities can be improved.


Background and objectives: Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive disease. Generally, the Mediterranean basin is the region where the first cases of FMF have been identified. The gene responsible for FMF is gene MEFV. Disease occurs due to mutations in the gene MEFV. Our aim was to determine the geographical distribution of the most frequent mutations in Familial Mediterranean Fever Disease in the world. Material and Methods: In this study, databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, Ovid, IranMedex, Irandoc, SID, Magiran and published papers were searched with no limitation in time. Then, all collected studies without any limitation were assessed to determine relevant studies. At the end, world map of the most frequent mutations of FMF was generated by Geographical Information System (GIS) software. Results: Although more than 290 mutations of the MEFV gene have been described, only four mutations (M694V, M694I, V726A, and E148Q) were prevalent among patients with FMF. Conclusion: The most frequent mutation associated with FMF mutation is M694V all over the world. E148Q mutation was found to be with mild clinical relevance.


The paper deals with the formation and preparation of the TPs with two liquid phase chemzyme technology.The enzymatic catalytic reaction of the polyphenols in one liquid phase system is the control.The author puts forward the two liquid phase system by using oxygen vector and studies on the changes of the concentration of dissolved oxygen,the activity of PPO,the content of TFs and TRs in the fermentation and the chromatogram of high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The height and area of the peak indicate that more TFs,especially more Theaflavin gallate(TFG)and Theaflavin digallate(TFDG),are produced in two liquid phase system than those in one liquid phase system by further analysis of the HPLC chromatogram.More catechins,especially simple catechins consumption can be found in the two liquid phase system than the control.


Twenty years ago, in the very generous pages of the Duke Law Journal, I compared two coming-of-age stories: Harper Lee's singular, though single, novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, and one of William Faulkner's least-remembered works, Intruder in the Dust. On the evidence then before us, I argued, the verdict had to go to Faulkner. The fundamental difference, I tried to show, was this: In Faulkner's coming-of-age novel, the lawyer's nephew grows up, at least enough to see the flaws in his much-admired uncle, particularly on matters of race. In Lee's novel, by contrast, the lawyer's daughter never sees the same flaws in her father, and thus remains a child. Speculating on why Lee had never written another novel, I suggested that, until Scout comes to a more mature appreciation of Atticus, she


A BSTRACT : A computational science approach, based on genetic information and methods, was utilized to calculate the minimum number and select the most suitable microsatellite markers for evaluating the diversity and genetic distance among the hilltribes in Northern Thailand. Selecting from previously available and newly published microsatellites, we studied genetic variation and distance - Fst and ( δµ ) 2 , of 4 hilltribe populations in Northern Thailand using 15 universal known loci of Y-chromosomal microsatellites. The Decision Tree Induction algorithm in information theory was used to measure impurity of categorizing populations by the number of tandem repeats at each loci and select the minimum number of microsatellites markers with the most discriminating power. Seven selected microsatellites, 8 unselected microsatellites, the original 15 markers, and another four haplotypes used in different global population studies were then employed to construct the UPGMA trees. To validate our results, the Relative Optimality Score (R value) was calculated from the total branch length of the trees, using the tree constructed from genetic distances obtained from 15 Y-chromosomal microsatellites as reference. The graph between R values and different haplotypes was plotted and compared between Fst and ( δµ ) 2 genetic distances. The results show that the haplotype of 7 selected markers is the most reliable compared to all other haplotypes, while the other 8 nonselected loci may be unnecessary for determining the genetic distance in our study. Using the decision tree induction algorithm we were able to select the microsatellites with three levels of discriminating power for differentiating populations, and thereby could reduce the number of Y-chromosomal microsatellite used to half and still achieve the same information.


Private social work practitioners have been at the forefront of the efforts to train and prepare colleagues for successful completion of social work licensing exams. Th~sar ticle discusses how they recruit students, develop curricula, and attend to the details of establishing such programs. Then it describes three models of preparation: informal groups, coaching, and formal examination services.


26 Atmospheric aerosol in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and its surroundings has received 27 widely scientific concern in recent decades owing to its significant impacts on regional 28 climatic and cryospheric changes, ecological and environmental securities, and 29 hydrological cycle. However, our understanding on the atmospheric aerosol in this 30 remote region is highly limited by the scarcely available dataset, which has been proved 31 to be an important factor on disturbing the climate and environment in this region. The 32 extremely harsh natural conditions hamper the exploration of the observation. This 33 condition has been improved in recent decade by constructing a few stable field 34 observatories at typical sites on the TP and its surroundings. A comprehensive project 35 was carried out since 2015 to investigate the properties and sources of atmospheric 36 aerosols as well as their regional differences in the vast TP regions by performing 37 multiple short-term intensive field observations using a suite of high-resolution online 38 instruments. This paper presents a systematic dataset of the high-time-resolution 39 (hourly scales) aerosol physicochemical and optical properties at seven different sites 40 over the TP and its surroundings from the observation project, including the size- 41 resolved chemical compositions of submicron aerosols, standard high-resolution mass 42 spectra and sources of organic aerosols, size distributions of particle number 43 concentrations, particle light scattering and absorption coefficients, particle light 44 absorptions from different carbonaceous substances of black carbon and brown carbon, 45 number concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei, and concentrations of gaseous 46 pollutants. In brief, atmospheric aerosols in these remote sites were all well-mixed and 47 highly-aged due to their regional transport sources. However, high contributions of 48 carbonaceous organic aerosols, overall neutralized submicron aerosols, and relatively 49 higher light absorption capability were observed in the southern TP, whereas secondary 50 inorganic species contributed dominantly to the overall acidic submicron aerosols in 51 the northern TP. In addition to the insights into the regional differences of aerosol 52 sources and properties in the vast TP regions, the datasets are also useful for the 53 simulation of aerosol radiative forcing and the evaluation of interactions among 54 different components of the Earth system in numerical models. The datasets are 55 absorption coefficients, particle light absorptions from different carbonaceous 872 substances of BC and BrC, CCN number concentrations at different supersaturation, 873 and concentrations of gaseous pollutants in each campaign. The datasets are presented 874 in the form of Excel file and available to download from the National Cryosphere Desert 875 Data Center. 876


The traditional view had been that all O2 moves through red blood cell (RBC) membranes by dissolving in and diffusing through the membrane lipid. In a previous abstract, we reported data obtained using stopped‐flow analysis of hemoglobin (Hb) absorbance spectra on RBCs from wild‐type (WT) vs. double‐knockout (dKO) mice genetically deficient in both aquaporin‐1 (AQP1) and the rhesus (Rh) protein RhAG. We found that the rate constant of Hb deoxygenation (kHbO2)—which includes intra/extracellular diffusion and membrane permeability—was ~31% lower for RBCs from dKO than for WT mice. From these data, we computed that, together, AQP1 and the Rh complex account for ~60% of membrane O2 permeability. We now examine the effect of aging on kHbO2 of RBCs from WT vs. dKO mice, studying mice at six ages (2–3 months, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, 24 months, and 29 months). The kHbO2 of RBCs from WT mice are indistinguishable from age 2–3 months through 12 months. However, compared to 2–3 months, kHbO2 is 9% lower at 18 months (p<0.05, N = 6), 12% lower at 24 months (p<0.05, N = 5), and 13% lower at 29 months (p<0.05, N = 3). For RBCs from dKO mice, kHbO2 starts off ~30% lower than that of WT mice at 2–3 months (see above), and remains at this same depressed level through 29 months (N = 5 to 6 at 6–24 months, 4 at 29 months). In the case of WT mice at 24 months, our hematology data—which show decreases for both mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin—cannot explain the observed decreases in kHbO2. DIC microscopy of living RBCs and microscopic observation of stained blood smears with RBCs from 3 months and 29 months with both WT and dKO groups confirm that RBCs are normal biconcave disks. Preliminary data from mass spectroscopy of RBC ghosts from WT mice (N = 1 each for 2–3 months and 29 months) suggests that, compared to 2–3 months, membrane protein levels at 29 months are lower by 11% for AQP1, 19% for RhAG, 27% for mRh, and 22% for AE1. We conclude from our dKO data that the non‐AQP1/RhAG component of RBC membrane O2 permeability is independent of aging. We hypothesize that the 12–13% decrease of kHbO2 at 24–29 months for WT mice is due in part to decreased expression of AQP1 and the Rh complex (i.e., the AQP1 and RhAG components of O2 membrane permeability decline with aging).


Background Only 3 percent of the world's water is fresh, with 2 percent locked up in glaciers and polar ice caps. The remaining 1 percent that is available for human and animal uses has in the past seemed like an inexhaustible, if vital, resource. In much of the United States, water has been the key in determining historic settlement patterns and development opportunities. Almost every major U.S. city is located near a major river or body of water. Abundant water for drinking, sanitation, industry, irrigation, transportation and recreation has been a hallmark of much of the South in particular. Conflicts over water in the region have been few historically and have long been considered the realm of the arid lands in the West. Development pressure, changes in precipitation patterns and shifting priorities and consumption levels have caused a shift in this situation, however, and intraand interstate water conflicts are becoming a prominent issue for the South.


Objective:To evaluate the effect of Ziying Granule on urinary albumin and urine microglobulin β2 in epidemic heat and blood stasis syndrome of patients with anahylactoid purpura.Methods:Cases in epidemic heat and blood stasis syndrome of anahylactoid purpura were divided randomly into the treatment group with Ziying Granule and the control group with prednisone.The treatment course was lasted for 4 weeks.Results:After treatment,the urinary albumin and the urine microglobulin β2 were decreased significantly in 2 groups.Moreover,the reduction degree in the treatment group was superior to that in the control group.Conclusion:The urinary albumin and the urine microglobulin β2 could be reduced by the Ziying Granule.


PET scanning in liver carcinoma has a definite clinical impact on identification of primary and metastatic tumor;especially on diagnosis,staging,and therapy of liver carcinoma.In addition,combined with CT,MRI,and ultrasound,PET can improve curative effect.Meanwhile,it is also important to curative effect of liver carcinoma.


The current planning and operational analysis tools utilised by researchers and practitioners for transportation facilities evaluation purposes are limited in their relevance to evaluate the future impact of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs). Since CAV technologies are becoming more prevalent on the market, the adaptation of the conventional methodologies to estimate highway performance is becoming essential to accommodate these technologies. This study tries to fill up this gap in the literature by formulating capacity analysis model estimate the potential impacts of CAVs on the capacity of highways at different market penetration (MP) levels of CAVs. The developed analytical model would present itself as a guideline to transportation agencies while developing CAV-based transportation infrastructure. Later, this study proposes an agent-based modelling and simulation framework to address the heterogeneity of drivers behaviour and the potential impact of CAVs on highway traffic performance under different MP levels. Results showed that deploying CAVs in the traffic stream has the potential to double the capacity of the highway corridor at high MP levels. The results show CAV operation and implementation readiness for both public agencies as well as state Departments of Transportation or private industries in the future.


A theoretical model for dc conductivity under high electric field in chalcogenide glasses is developed. This model, of correlated barrier hopping is used to treat both low field conductivity, which obeys Meyer-Neldel rule (MNR), and high field Poole-Frenkel (PF) effect. Both are incorporated in one model because the origin of electronic emission is the same: a deep well in which a polaron is trapped. We show that the characteristic temperatures associated with MNR and PF should be the same, as has been predicted using a rigorous adiabatic polaron hopping model, and previously demonstrated experimentally for fullerene films. We also predict that the extrapolated conductivity prefactors will be the same in the two cases. Experimental evidence from the literature suggests, but does not demonstrate conclusively, that the two predictions are satisfied for chalcogenide glasses. Finally, we interpret the result in terms of the multi-excitation entropy model for MNR.


Image thresholding is widely considered to obtain binary image from the gray level image. In this article, histogram based multi-level thresholding approach is proposed using Brownian Distribution (BD) based Bat Algorithm (BA). The optimal thresholds for the gray scale images are attained by maximizing Otsu's between class variance function. The performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by considering six benchmark (512 x 512) images and compared with the existing algorithms such as improved Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), enhanced Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO) and Levy flight Bat Algorithm (LBA). The performance assessment between algorithms is carried using the parameters such as objective function, Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) and convergence of algorithms. The result evident, even though the convergence time is large, that BD guided BA provides better performance measure values for most of the images compared with the PSO, BFO and LBA algorithms considered in this study.


In this article, the necessity of reforms in the banking system of Tajikistan is considered. Due to certain circumstances, banking system of Tajikistan started to form later than in other countries of former Soviet Union, just after implementing the national currency. The way to development of national monetary system and increasing population loyalty to banks was not easy, and required realization of tough monetary policy and reforms of banking system.


"Tooth-arrangement Three-fingered Hands" is a brand-new oral cavity repairing robot. It has the functions of fine grasping and arranging artificial tooth, manufacturing complete denture, etc. A new optimization design method is proposed in this paper that solves the problems in optimization structure parameter confirming and optimal dexterous design. The bionic theorem behind duplicating the dexterity of the human finger is incorporated into the structure parameter optimization algorithm. Through analyzing the dexterity of the single finger, adopting the design criteria of dexterous degree with optimum index and combining the characteristic of grasping the smallest object, this design method can confirm the best dexterity area for single finger, relations between every rod length and rotation range of every joint. Using MATLAB optimization toolbox to optimize above-mentioned structure parameter, it gains the optimal dimension that meets characteristic of human fingers and can finish grasping. A quantitative method is also proposed in this paper to calculate the relative position between fingers. It is applied to the real design of Tooth-Arrangement Three-fingered Hands and obtained optimal flexible performance.


In this article an algorithm is developed to solve the equations for one-dimensional unsteady flow of compressible fluids in the presence of area change, wall friction, heat transfer, and entropy gradients. The algorithm is based on a rectangular mesh solution of the cor responding characteristics equations in the space-time plane. It is arranged in a generalized form to permit convenient application to a variety of engineering systems. A model of the gas exchange process occurring in a two-stroke internal combustion engine with intake and exhaust ducts is used to demonstrate application of the algorithm and to observe the accuracy and stability of solutions with varying mesh-step size.


This paper proposed further development of a recently created mobile learning app as a platform to facilitate graduate business major students ' interaction and collaborative learning. The objectives of this app are 1) facilitate students' learning through ubiquitous approach, 2) facilitate social interaction among students and faculty, and 3) enhance learning motivation and develop cultural competence. The paper discusses the needs of the app development, describes the implementation and goals to improve the app design. Targeting students' learning with an App across global campuses will advance the knowledge in mobile learning in international organizational behavior course. This paper provides insights on the prototype based on these discussions and the instructional needs.


The study of financial inclusion has always been important for our country's  government and central bank, and it has now become even more important  in light of the impact of a recession-like situation prevailing in the country.  The need of the hour is to have a deeply embedded financial system that  not only aids in the fight against recession but also ensures the successful  operation of the nation's financial system which is heavily reliant on the  active participation of every sector of the economy. To achieve the aim of  financial inclusion, the Stand-up India scheme for both women and ST/ SC entrepreneurs was launched by the government of India. The issue of  the government's responsibility for ensuring that women entrepreneurs  have access to an entrepreneurial environment is of great importance. To  make this scheme truly beneficial for women entrepreneurs, it should be  the primary focus area for the government. This paper aims to analyze the  Stand-Up India scheme from a gender perspective. The study aims to assess  the Stand-Up India scheme in detail with reference to the benefits that the  women entrepreneurs will get from it and to study the impact of the stand up scheme on the upliftment of women beneficiaries in Punjab. For this  study, both primary and secondary sources of information have been used.


The first Tuberculosis Workers' Conference organized by the Tuberculosis Association of India was opened by Her Excellency the Marchioness of Linlithgow, the president of the Tuberculosis Association of India, in the Red Cross Conference Hall on the 20th November, 1939. In requesting Her Excellency to open the Conference, Major-General G. G. Jolly, the chairman of the Tuberculosis Association of India, referred to a similar Conference held five years ago under the auspices of the King George Thanksgiving (Anti-Tuberculosis) Fund, the immediate predecessor of the present Association. The present Conference was the first to be held under the new Association founded by Her Excellency. This Conference met under circumstances when the finances of the anti-tuberculosis movement had been vastly augmented by Her Excellency's Appeal for the King-Emperor's Anti-Tuberculosis Fund. Five years ago the total amount available to combat tuberculosis all over India was Rs. 9? lacs, but to-day the collections had reached nearly Rs. 85 lacs. ' If the striking change in the finances of the movement against tuberculosis in India is any measure of the increased interest in the disease and of increased determination to tackle it, then the position is one which must give great satisfaction to all tuberculosis workers in India.' On behalf of the central committee and the delegates the chairman expressed his gratitude to Her Excellency for the honour she had paid them in coming to open the Conference. Her Excellency's presence, he said, was a demonstration of the active interest which, as president, she took in all the affairs of the Association. Her Excellency in opening the Conference said:? ' The Tuberculosis Association of India is the outcome of a resolution which I formed over three years ago


Correction for 'Naphthylisoindolinone alkaloids: the first ring-contracted naphthylisoquinolines, from the tropical liana Ancistrocladus abbreviatus, with cytotoxic activity' by Shaimaa Fayez et al., RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 28916–28928, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2RA05758A.


The technological process of the powder material transport into the active zone of arc high-current discharge of vacuum plasmotron is simulated. It is expected that condensed phase does not influence on the gas flow. The both gas motion in transport tube and stream formation are calculated by direct statistical modeling method whereupon equation of the granule motion is integrated. Modeling results have shown that achievement to necessary velocity of metallic powder is allowed by the providing of the consumption of the transport gas and sufficient length of the transport tube.


Quality and buildability are important issues in construction, and both emerge at the earliest stages of design. However, neither are well-defined concepts. Our premise is that behaviour, values and culture impact on quality and buildability in the design stage, but these are also vulnerable to precise definition and difficult to investigate within a typical hypothesis-driven positivist approach. A better method may lie in a theory of personal constructs or 'constructivism' which takes the human experience as a whole. Qualitative research methods and data collection techniques are critically reviewed to assess those methods best fitted for purpose in approaching the research problem. Personal Construct Psychology (PCP), using repertory grids emerges as a suitable candidate and is applied in two pilot studies in Australia and Singapore. Preliminary results show the appropriateness of the approach for engaging in buildability studies.


Part 1 Decolonization, separatism and loyalties: stranded by the tide - the Straits Chinese of Penang anatomy of a betrayal - the Karens of Burma loyalism and "Special War" - Montagnards of Vietnam defining "Self-Determination" - the Republic of Indonesia vs the South Moluccan Republic. Part 2 National identity - decolonization and separatism in the Muslim regions of Southeast Asia: Islam, ethnicity and separatism in Southeast Asia nationalism and the "House of Islam" - the Acehnese revolt and the Republic of Indonesia at the frontier of the Islamic world - the Arakanese Muslims ethnicity, Islam and Irredentism - the Malays of Patani. Appendices: the Straits Chinese Memorandum the Karen Memorial the Montagnard Declaration Declaration of Independence of the South Moluccas - 25 April 1950 manifesto of the Atjeh Rebels (1953, selections) Patani petition.


Since the outbreak of COVID-19, academia has published tens of thousands of new papers. Facing so much literature knowledge, how to realize the fine-grained classification of covid-19 literature and help researchers carry out research? This is an urgent problem to be solved. This paper makes COVID-19 text classification graph data set, designs covid-19 scientific literature fine-grained classification model LC-GAT based on graph attention network, adds attention mechanism at word level, sentence level and graph level, effectively retains the classification information contained in article title and key words, and significantly improves the performance of covid-19 scientific literature fine-grained classification. This paper has positive significance for the classification of COVID-19 scientific literature.


The first example of substitution on position 3 of indazole by an alkylating agent is described. It takes place, together with substitution in position 1 and 2, when indazole is allowed to react with trityl chloride. The three isomers were characterized by their proton nmr spectra at 360 MHz.


Efficient solar energy installations depend largely on the availability of meteorological and geographical data (geographical coordinates, solar radiation, ambient temperature, wind speed) and the technical characteristics of the photovoltaic arrays. Usually, both, radiation and meteorological measurements are based on hourly surface observational data, not always easily accessible therefore requiring enormous memory capacity to be processed. From a practical point of view, this work investigated whether or not monthly average resource data can be used to assess the efficiency of the photovoltaic conversion (and thus the electrical energy obtained from this conversion) whenever hourly-based meteorological data are scarce or unreliable. Photovoltaic efficiency was calculated from predicted temperature of the cell by making use of classical analytical models of photovoltaic conversion. Calculations performed based on monthly average solar resource data reproduced within 0.5 K the temperature of the photovoltaic array and within 6% the total amount of energy converted as compared to hourly average solar resource data made available by official solar radiation and meteorological data bases.


The results of immunization of 523 children from 9 months to over 5 years of age with two attenuated measles vaccines, 'Denken' and 'Biken', are described. The clinical reactions following vaccination with both vaccines were mild, but Denken vaccine produced mor~ rashes than the Biken vaccine. The serological conversion was ~atisfactory for bClth vaccines but a higher titre of neutralizing and haemagglutination·inhibiting antibodies was found in children immunized with Denken vaccine. The incidence of severe reactions or complications was negligible in this trial. The immunity to dipthteria or tetenus was not altered by vaccination with live measles vaccine.


Epidemiological survey was conducted to assess association between dietary habits and nutritional status in special children. Sample size of 100 special children and 53 parents from Mangala Jyothi Integrated School, Mangalore; selected for this study. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data such as demographics, dietary habits and physical activity of children from parents. Height, weight and BMI of children was measured. Oral hygiene instructions provided for the attendees. More than 40% of children had roti and rice once a day, while less than 10% had sprouts and dry fruits daily. Eggs and meat were consumed on a weekly (40.4%) or biweekly (30.8%) basis by the children. Only 25% had fruits while 60% reporting to have vegetables on a daily basis. Around 42% of children had adequate physical activity, around 5-6 days a week. However more than 10% showed no or minimal physical activity. To conclude, on the basis of our study, it can be reported that special children may be underweight despite a relatively normal diet. Hence, a generalized approach that associates children with special needs and obesity cannot be applied in all situations, thus highlighting importance of an individualized treatment plan in this population.


Abstract The growth rate of Haliotis laevigata Donovan was examined at 6 sites on Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, by mark-recapture experiments and by analysis of length-frequency distributions. Juvenile growth rates were generally linear, and in the range 20 – 40 mm y-1, whereas growth of older individuals was satisfactorily described by the von Bertalanffy growth curve. The Brody growth coefficient, K, ranged from 0.19 to 0.55 y-1, and L∞ from 119.5 mm to 186.3 mm according to site. Growth rates tend to decline with decreasing latitude.


Mira Vasileva and colleagues in Germany and Australia recently compiled a Research Review for the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry on the prevalence of mental disorders in children <7 years old.


The use of plants for medicinal purposes is one of the oldest forms of medical practice. However, the concept of "natural" contributes to the popular and erroneous thinking that Medicinal Plants (PM) are synonymous of safe products, which may result in the development of adverse effects or drug interactions, particularly in cancer patients. In this context, it was conducted an ethnopharmacological survey of MP used in Lagarto, SE, Brazil, with emphasis in cancer patients. A total of 706 residents were interviewed, and they mentioned 80 plants, from which 57 were identified. The use of medicinal plants (MP) for therapeutic purpose was reported by 336 (47.65%) of the participants. The most used MPs were as follows: Bushy Lippia (Lippia alba(Mill) N. E. Brown– 103, 30.8%), Boldo (Plectranthus barbatus Andr. – 53, 15.7%), and Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf. – 49, 14.6%). From the participants who reported the use of MPs, half of them (360, 50.95%) spoke with a doctor but did not receive specific guidelines. The most common chronic diseases identified were: arterial hypertension (144, 20.34%), cancer (55, 7.81%) and diabetes (41, 5.89%). From these cancer patients, approximately 40% of them (22) used MP concomitantly with chemotherapy, an alarming discovery, as drug interactions are possible between MPs and antineoplastics. Given these data, we observed the use of the PM by the population of Lagarto, SE, and by cancer patients of this region, but they did not receive guidance from a qualified professional.


"For some he draw maps that go beyond their own boundaries" : border-crossing aspects in Michael Ondaatje's The English Patient / the use of imagery in Michael Ondaatjes The English Patient


Background  Paraoxonase‐1 is an enzyme with three activities which are inversely related to cardiovascular diseases. Accordingly, the aim of the study was to investigate the paraoxonase, arylesterase activities and oxidative/anti‐oxidative status in coronary artery disease (CAD) and their correlation with the extent of CAD.


Introduction: The practice of Futsal over the years has become a subject of interest to the academic community, an apparent result in recent studies on modality and performance analysis, said Scout. Objective: The purpose of the research was to quantify the defensive actions taken by women players during the Open Futsal Cup of the adult female category. Methods: Observational research with a cross-sectional design. In order to do so, the method determined consisted in monitoring and completing on-site spreadsheets analyzing the performance of technical defensive fundamentals during 31 games of a state competition between 8 teams. Results: the following actions were analyzed: Disarmament, Anticipation and Blockade. It was observed that 41.2% of the actions were disarmed, followed by anticipation 35.5% and blocking 23.4%. Conclusion: quantitatively, the teams point to representative values of defensive actions.


This paper presents a voice conversion technique using deep neural networks (DNNs) to map the spectral envelopes of a source speaker to that of a target speaker. Short-time spectral envelopes are represented by the linear predication cepstrum coefficients (LPCC) parameters, and neighbor frames are gathered to form super-frames. Then the powerful mapping ability of DNN which has a five-layer architecture consisting of three restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) was exploited to derive the spectral conversion function. A comparative study of voice conversion using a DNN model and the conventional Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is conducted. Experimental results show the speaker identification rate of conversion speech achieves 97.5% which is 0.8% higher than the performance of GMM method, and the value of average cepstrum distortion is 0.87 which is 5.4% higher than the performance of GMM method. ABX and MOS evaluations indicate that the conversion performance is better than the traditional GMM method under the parallel corpora condition.


An improved methods of reverse transcription, long-accurate polymerase chain reaction (LA-PCR) amplification, and cloning of full-length cDNA of segment A of infectious bursal disease virus were developed. After identification of a very virulent strain of infectious bursal disease virus(IBDV-ZJ2000) from Zhejiang province, the double stranded genomic RNA was extracted from infected bursae by the optimal proteinase K digestion based approach,and purified by LiCl, followed by the LA-PCR in a single step resulted in the synthesis of 3.26 kb of segment A. The amplified cDNA fragments were directly cloned into pGEM-T Easy Vector by T-A clone method. The results of PCR identification and analysis of restriction enzymes digestion indicated that the full-length cDNA of segment A had been successfully cloned. LA-PCR was specific, simple, convenient to amplify IBDV segment A either from sick bursae or chicken embryo fibroblast(CEF) adapted virus, and will greatly enhance the availability to research the structure and function of segment A.


Aberrant thrombopoietin (TPO)/MPL signaling has been hypothesized to contribute to the pathogenesis of myelofibrosis (MF) (Kaushansky K. J Clin Invest. 2005; 115: 3339; Moliterno AR, et al. N Engl J Med.1998; 338:572). Agents that would be capable of inhibiting this signaling pathway are possible novel therapeutic agents that might be effective for MF treatment. A peptide antagonist of TPO, LCP4, has been created which is highly antagonistic to CB CD34 + cell proliferation and differentiation induced by TPO. In this report we examined the effect of LCP4 on the proliferation of MF CD34 + cells and their differentiation to megakaryocytes (Mk). Elevated levels of TPO (345±114ng/ml, n=13) were detected in MF plasmas as compared to that detected in normal plasma (10±4ng/ml, n=6, P=0.049), indicating the possibility that TPO affects MF hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and progenitor cells (HPC). MF splenic CD34 + cells (2.5×10 4 /mL) were incubated in serum free expansion media (SFEM) alone, with 50 ng/ml SCF+ varying doses of TPO (0, 10, 30,100 ng/mL) or 50 ng/ml SCF +varying doses of TPO+ varying concentrations of LCP4 (0, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000nM) for 1 or 2 wks. Cells were then enumerated and stained with CD34, lineage cocktail, CD15 and CD41a mAbs. When splenic MF CD34 + cells were cultured in the presence of SCF and varying concentrations of TPO, 100ng/ml TPO resulted in the generation of the greatest numbers of CD34 + Lin - , CD41a + CD34 - CD15 - and CD15 + CD34 - CD41a - cells, suggesting that TPO promotes the proliferation of MF HSCs/HPCs and the production of MF MKs and myeloid cells. By contrast, after 1 wk of treatment of MF CD34 + cells (n=8; 5 MF spleens and 3 MF PB) with 100nM and 500nM LCP4, the numbers of MF total cells, CD34 + Lin - (MF HSCs/HPCs), CD34 + CD41a + (immature Mks), CD41a + CD34 - CD15 - (mature Mks), CD15 + CD34 - CD41a - cells (myeloid cells) as well as hematopoietic colonies (HC), including CFU-Mk, CFU-GM, BFU-E/CFU-E, CFU-GEMM, were all significantly reduced (P all + with 100nM LCP4 led to a greater degree of apoptosis (15.4% ± 3.5%) as compared with cells treated with cytokines alone (6.75% ± 1.7%, P =0.05; n=4). These findings suggest that LCP4 is able to inhibit the proliferation of MF HSCs/HPCs and the generation of immature and mature Mks as well as myeloid cells in a dose dependent fashion. Furthermore, the treatment of JAK2V617F- positive MF CD34 + cells from 4 JAK2V617F- positive MF patients ( JAK2V617F allele burden: 78-90%) with 100nM LCP4 for 7 days reduced the percentage of JAK2V617F- positive HCs by 9-20% and JAK2V617F homozygous HCs by 1-20%. Since LCP4 treatment of MF CD34 + cells resulted in a reduction in the number of HPCs, LCP4 treatment reduced the absolute numbers of JAK2V617F- positive HCs generated by 53.0±4.0% (P JAK2V617F homozygous HCs by 50.3±4.3% (P We next examined the effect of LCP4 on MF HSCs by transplanting NSG mice with cells generated after splenic MF CD34 + cells were cultured in the presence of cytokines alone or cytokines plus LCP4 for 1 week. Two months after the transplantation, hCD45 + cells were detected in the BM of recipient mice receiving splenic MF CD34 + cells treated with cytokines alone and were reduced by 28% in mice receiving grafts treated with LCP4. MF CD34 + cells treated with or not treated with LCP4 had similar multilineage differentiation patterns (myeloid, lymphoid and erythroid). These data suggest that TPO antagonist therapy is capable of depleting MF HSCs and HPCs and that therapeutic strategy utilizing such strategies might serve as novel approaches to treating MF. Disclosures Wang: The MPN Research Foundation (MPNRF) and the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society (LLS): Research Funding.


Abstract Automotive three-way catalysts containing Pd as the only precious metal have certain advantages over current formulations consisting of various mixtures of Pt, Pd, and Rh. In this study, the adsorption of NO on 2 wt% Pd/Al 2 O 3 was investigated using infrared spectroscopy. Bands for NO on Pd were assigned to linear (1753-1750 cm −1 ), twofold bridged (1615-1599 cm −1 ), and threefold bridged (1580-1572 cm −1 ) adsorption modes. For Pd supported on alumina, linear NO was favored on the reduced catalyst while two- and threefold bridged NO were favored on the oxidized catalyst. Upon heating, a decrease in the linear form was accompanied by increases in the two- and threefold bridged forms up to the highest temperature measured (300°C). This result may indicate a conversion of the linear to bridged adsorption modes upon heating. NO adsorption on pure alumina revealed a band near 1807 cm −1 attributable to weak, linear adsorption. This band increased drastically upon oxidation of the Pd/Al 2 O 3 catalyst, indicating enhanced NO adsorption on alumina due to the presence of palladium. Conventional spillover from Pd to alumina was ruled out. The increased intensity is explained by adsorption of NO on alumina sites involved in a metal-support interaction brought about by catalyst oxidation. NO adsorption on La-promoted Pd/Al 2 O 3 was less than on the unpromoted catalyst. Possible explanations are an increase in NO dissociation and coverage of Pd by the modifier.


This article offers an analysis of scientific biography. I try to use my own experiences as a scientific biographer in order to explpore some of the problems and the potential of this relatively new type of biography.


Agile methods more specifically, test-driven development practices have begun to raise the software industry's awareness of automated acceptance testing. Many tools can be purchased to help testers write automatic scripts for testing the system through its user interface. Unfortunately, testing through the UI is slow, opaque, and dangerous. The software industry's increased awareness of automated testing benefits and potentials is good new for an industry that for decades has been beset by quality and productivity issues.


Metal single droplets are widely used in electronic packaging and flexible circuit printing. However, liquid metals are characterized by high density and interfacial tension, so that stable injection of single droplet occurs only in an extremely small printable region. In this study, based on a drop-on-demand pneumatic injection device, the evolutionary process and mechanism of metal droplet generation are analyzed through experiments and numerical simulations, the theoretical solution of the injection velocity is obtained, the printable region that can stably generate the single droplet dimensionless parameters Wej (Jet Weber number) and Z (1/Ohnesorge number) is plotted, and the prediction model of the single droplet dimensionless limit jet length is established. Results show that in the range 400 < Z < 1100, the printable region where single droplets can be generated is extremely narrow (1.3 < Wej < 2). When Wej < 1.3, the inertial force of the jet is not sufficient to overcome the interfacial capillary force and no droplets can be generated. When Wej > 2, the inertial force of the jet is so large that satellite droplets are generated. The prediction results obtained by the prediction model of single droplet dimensionless limit jet length are consistent with the experimental results and can accurately predict whether a single droplet can be generated or not. The results can reveal the mechanism of stable generation of on-demand pneumatic metal droplets. Furthermore, the results can serve as theoretical references for the further development of on-demand pneumatic metal droplet injection technology.


In this paper, the design, analysis and evaluation of a new compact conformal metasurface (MTS)-based bow-tie slot antenna is presented for hyperthermia treatment of cancer. A bow-tie slot antenna in close proximity with tissue designed at 2.45 GHz was used to excite the MTS layer, which is made of a 4 × 4 uniform array of square unit cells. The proposed MTS-based antenna is compact and provides enhanced penetration depth in the tissue medium as compared to the bow-tie antenna only. To verify the design concept, both the proposed MTS-based antenna and bow-tie antenna were fabricated, and the measured results are well anticipated. Finally, the MTS applicator is terminated with water bolus and tissue to characterize its hyperthermia performance in a real scenario. The key features of the proposed MTS applicator include wide impedance bandwidth (stable hyperthermia performance), enhanced penetration depth and effective field size, single-layer structure and ease of fabrication.


Abstract : A damage tolerant hybrid composite fuselage section has been designed, fabricated and tested. One of the key features of this structure is the integral crack arresters which have been incorporated into the design to increase its tolerance to damage, either inherent flaws or battle induced damage. The ability of the design to withstand critical flight loads has been demonstrated by both analysis and test. The effectiveness of the crack arresters, which are designed to stop a propagating crack (damage) and still allow the structure to carry limit load was roven in a series of tests where the completely analyzed using finite element techniques and shown to save both weight and cost over its metal counterpart. Analysis and testing of composite panels has also been done to investigate failure modes and establish design criteria for crack arrester designs.


Amorphic diamond films can be grown in an ultrahigh vacuum environment free from hydrogen with a laser plasma discharge source. This technique produces films that adhere more readily to materials for which there are important applications as protective coatings. In this work adhesion and mechanical properties of amorphic diamond films have been examined. A beam bending method has been used to measure the internal stress and a relatively low value of compressive stress was found. The dependence of stress on the laser intensities at the graphite ablation target has been studied. Analyses of these films on silicon, SiO2, ZnS, and TiAl6V4 by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry show significant interfacial layers with compositions of SiC, C0.5SiO2, C2.5ZnS, and C0.62Ti0.35Al0.05V0.02, respectively. Adhesion properties on ZnS and other substrates have also been examined for harsh environments. The mechanical properties of hardness, Young's modulus, and stiffness have been obtained with a nanoindentation tech...


The invention relates to a safety message transmission method and apparatus. The method comprises: generating a first safety message by using a vehicle-mounted terminal, wherein the first safety message carries message type information; according to the message type information, adding the priority indication information of the safety message in a geographic information layer in order to obtain a second safety message; according to the priority indication information, determining a transmission path of the safety message at a media access control (MAC) layer; and sending the second safety message to a receiving end via a physical layer corresponding to the determined transmission path in order that the receiving end forwards the second safety message. The method and the device forward the safety message to the vehicle-mounted terminal within a predetermined distance range by means of the combination of VDC technology and a LTE cellular network.


This paper discusses three groups of special Chinese characters abstracted from the ancient copies of Shangshu(尚书) and reveals the important value of these materials in Chinese characters studies.


The Medicare Prescription Drug Plan, which began January 1, 2006, makes the federal government the largest purchaser of pharmaceuticals in the United States, and probably in the world. It is projected that the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) will spend more than $1 trillion on medications over the next decade, a volume that will influence the pharmaceutical market more broadly and generate new initiatives to encourage utilization of more cost-effective treatments.


The intersectionally conscious collaboration protocol for teacher educators (ICC-TE) expands on existing models of collaboration by drawing from intersectionality as conceptualized by Black feminist theorists, collaborative teacher education, and frameworks for stakeholders to establish and maintain ethical, student-centered relationships. The ICC-TE promotes approaches that honor sociocultural differences, model collaboration, and support the development of these practices in preservice teacher education. The authors analyzed the responses of four Latina teacher educators at a predominately white teacher preparation program and teaching artifacts created while using the ICC-TE as they co-taught a special education course. As a result of this study, the researchers refined the protocol. All participants indicated the need for more training on intersectionality, for both teacher educators of color and their white colleagues. A connecting thread across all sources of data was how institutional culture and faculty morale shaped collegiality.


The annual workshop on MHD stability control has been held since 1996 with an emphasis on controlling MHD stability, which is considered to be an obstacle to achieving high performance in fusion reactors. The meeting is organized as a joint US/Japan undertaking with the meeting held in the US and Japan in alternating years. Each year, a specific theme is selected, based on the interest of our community, ranging from burning plasmas to fundamental physics processes essential for MHD stability. The 2009 meeting with the theme of 'Assuring successful MHD control in ITER' was held at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University. With ITER construction progressing at full speed, there is increasing interest in assuring successful MHD control in ignited plasmas and beyond. Focusing on planned hardware and development of plasma profile control systems in ITER operational scenarios, subjects included instabilities such as sawteeth, fishbones and TAEs, NTMs, locked modes, RWMs, and ELMs. Control aspects included mode control, non-axis-symmetric error-field control, and disruption control in tokamaks, RFPs, and stellarators. In this special section of Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion we present several of the invited and contributed papers from the 2009 workshop, which have been subject to the normal refereeing procedures of the journal. These papers give a sense of the exceptional quality of the presentations at this workshop, all of which may be found at http://fusion.gat.com/conferences/mhd09/ The program committee deeply appreciates the participation and support our community has shown for more than a decade in this workshop series. Without doubt, we will extend our workshop along with the progress of fusion research toward successful reactors.


Thirty peanut genotypes were inoculated with uredospores of the rust fungus Puccinia arachidis in a replicated glasshouse trial, and components of disease resistance—incubation period, infection frequency, pustule diameter, percent ruptured pustules, and percent leaf area damaged—were studied for a single cycle of infection. All components studied were significantly correlated with one another and with mean field rust scores taken over several seasons. Incubation period was negatively correlated with the other components, which were positively correlated with one another. Resistant and susceptible genotypes were readily separated on the basis of the resistance components measured in the glasshouse trial, but classification of moderately resistant genotypes was less effective by this method than by use of field scores. A glasshouse screening method could be useful in areas where rust epidemics do not occur or are irregular in occurrence or where other foliar diseases interfere with field screening. The measurement of epidemiologically significant characters will allow the identification of rate-limiting resistance, which is likely to be more stable than immunity.


Adopting the methods of literature review and logic analysis, this paper discusses the concept of sports industry, developmental characteristics and modes of sports industry in developed countries as well as the current situation and existing problems in Chinese sports industry. What's more, it puts forward suggestions on how to promote the development of Chinese sports industry.


The invention discloses a tough cover plate, a manufacturing method thereof and a touch display device. The touch cover plate comprises a cover plate body, a functional key pattern and a key functional wire, and the functional key pattern and the key functional wire are arranged on the back side of the cover plate body and are connected. According to the tough cover plate, the manufacturing method thereof and the touch display device, the functional key pattern and the key functional wire are arranged on the back side of the cover plate body, the problem that an adopted virtual functional key occupies a display area is avoided, and accordingly the display area of a screen is enlarged. A flexible circuit board does not need to be arranged on the back side of the cover plate body, the thickness of a key area of the cover plate body is reduced, and accordingly the situation that space is reserved for the flexible circuit board on the structure is avoided.


The effect of metal cationization on the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of an ethoxylated polymer, Surfynol 465 (S465), is investigated by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and a hybrid theoretical method combining ab initio density functional theory and molecular mechanics. The MWDs generated from sodium and from silver-cationized oligomers of S465 were measured by ToF-SIMS. The structure and bonding of the cationized complexes were calculated. The results suggest that upon cationization, the metal atoms are chelated by oxygen atoms and, in the case of Ag+, by the π-orbitals of the C−C triple bond. Although the binding energy of both Na+ and Ag+ with the Surfynol molecules is very high for sufficiently long ethoxylate side chains, strong bonding preference is given to Ag+ over Na+ due to the orbital interaction between Ag+ and the Surfynol oligomer via 4d−π* and 5s−π overlap and the ion−dipole interaction between the cations and the oxygen atoms in the ethoxylate chains with ...


Sulindac is an NSAID that can provide effective chemoprevention for colorectal cancer. In this study, alternative dosing regimens of sulindac were evaluated for their chemoprevention effectiveness in the azoxymethane-treated A/J mouse model of colorectal cancer. High-resolution endoscopic optical coherence tomography was utilized to time-serially measure tumor number and tumor burden in the distal colon as the biological endpoints. Four treatment groups were studied: (i) daily for 20 weeks (sulindac-daily); (ii) for 2 weeks, then no sulindac for 2 weeks, cycle repeated 5 times (sulindac-2); (iii) for 10 weeks ("on"), then no sulindac for 10 weeks ("off"; sulindac-10); and (iv) no sulindac (sulindac-none). Sulindac-2 and sulindac-daily had statistically significantly lower final tumor counts and slopes (change in number of tumors per week) when compared with sulindac-none (P < 0.0001). All of the treatment groups had statistically significantly lower final tumor burdens and slopes when compared with sulindac-none (P < 0.001). There was a prolonged latency period in the sulindac-10 group, with no significant difference between the "off" portion of this treatment and sulindac-none. These results suggest that, although daily doses of sulindac provide the most optimal effects, intermittent doses of sulindac in a 50% duty cycle with an overall 4-week period (sulindac-2 model) can provide highly effective chemoprevention of colorectal cancer in this model. After cessation of sulindac treatment (sulindac-10 "off"), there is no evidence of either a persistent chemopreventive effect or a rebound effect. Cancer Prev Res; 10(8); 459–66. ©2017 AACR.


In recent imaging-based clinical trials, quantitative image analysis (QIA) and computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) methods are increasing in productivity due to higher resolution imaging capabilities. A radiology core doing clinical trials have been analyzing more treatment methods and there is a growing quantity of metadata that need to be stored and managed. These radiology centers are also collaborating with many off-site imaging field sites and need a way to communicate metadata between one another in a secure infrastructure. Our solution is to implement a data storage grid with a fault-tolerant and dynamic metadata database design to unify metadata from different clinical trial experiments and field sites. Although metadata from images follow the DICOM standard, clinical trials also produce metadata specific to regions-of-interest and quantitative image analysis. We have implemented a data access and integration (DAI) server layer where multiple field sites can access multiple metadata databases in the data grid through a single web-based grid service. The centralization of metadata database management simplifies the task of adding new databases into the grid and also decreases the risk of configuration errors seen in peer-to-peer grids. In this paper, we address the design and implementation of a data grid metadata storage that has fault-tolerance and dynamic integration for imaging-based clinical trials.


The goal of this paper is to examine the gender gap and the factors that influence youth participation in Massive Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs). This study used a quantitative method to collect data from respondents aged 15 to 30 who actively play online games on Facebook using a purposive sampling method. Purposive sampling was used to select the respondents. The questionnaire was filled out willingly by 50 people. There were 52 percent males and 48 percent females, and the survey took about one month to complete. The results show that there are two internal factors that lead to youth participation in MMORPGs, which are addiction, a source of income, and as a stress reliever. While the external factors include peer group social influence and mass media influence. To summarize, youth participation in gaming activities, particularly multiple role-playing games, is increasing, and many factors contribute to that participation. Stakeholders such as the Ministry of Youth and Sport or the e-sport team should improve their programmes to attract and recruit more youth to be professional e-sport players so that they can turn their passion into a career and represent the nation later. The findings of this study can be used as a future reference for more in-depth studies that should focus more on the effects of youth involvement in MMORGPs.


Imaginary companion play an very important role in the psychological development of children.It can promote the development of children's mental health,thinking ability,language ability.And it is also will improve the development of children's imagination,creativity,affections,and social communication ability.Thus,it necessary to pay more attention to the study examined the role imaginary companion in children's psychological development.


Most of the research surrounding development of scientific abilities among introductory physics students has been conducted at the college level. A shift in the high school science culture encouraged by NGSS has changed the focus of K-12 physics education making similar work necessary at the K-12 level This paper describes how high school students in a first-year physics course developed assumptionassociated abilities during the six months they studied mechanics. Using their written laboratory reports, we found that repeated exposure helped students gain competence identifying and evaluating assumptions. While it took high school students longer to demonstrate proficiency than college students, by the end of the mechanics portion of the curriculum, 90-95% of students achieved proficiency or partial proficiency.


Abstract : A soil strain gage instrumentation system has been modified to enhance its suitability for field usage. The principal modification allows the instrumentation system to function without a set of standard gage coils at the control unit location. Laboratory tests indicate that the performance of the modified instrumentation system has not been degraded by the modifications and that the functional flexibility for both laboratory and field operations has been improved. (Author)


To really help a patient with mental illness adhere to a medication regimen, sometimes it's useful to have a good smartphone playlist.

That's what Tod J. Grimm, director of pharmacy operations at the Centers for Families and Children in Cleveland, Ohio, found while making a house call to one of


Abstract
According to Bruce Lliyd, the capital market acts as a liaison between investors and companies and government agencies through trading long-term instruments such as bonds, stocks, etc. Students as agents of change and the driving force of technological industry progress must have broad insights into financial management, and control that also pays attention to the potential for income in the form of investment. This activity aims to provide knowledge about the capital market and how to manage investments properly and correctly, to students of the Sharia Banking Department, Faculty of Economics and Islamic Business. So it is hoped that with the implementation of this seminar, students will be able to understand the capital market and how to manage investments, and can implement them in their lives in the future.
Keywords: Potential Development, Young Investors, Future


turba grauis paci placidaeque inimica quieti, quae semper miseras sollicitabat opes, traducta est fgetulis nee cepit harena nocentis: et delator habet quod dabat exilium. The delators are paraded in the ampitheatre. For the corrupt getulis (T, Geticis £) the conjectures proposed are many and varied, e.g. oculis (Guttmann), populis (Glogau), gerulis (Munro), ingots (Housman), caueis (Heraeus), etc.; none carries the slightest conviction. Yet a pointer to the true reading, which critics, it would seem, have deliberately refused to utilize, is to be found in 3. 30. 3, where the same manuscript (T) reads getula for togula QSy). F. della Corte (edition of Sped.) with his proposal togulas alone makes any use, albeit a misguided one, of the aid at our disposal. A reading which is at once supported by the occurrence of the identical error in the same manuscript and is at the same time both appropriate and in keeping with Martial's usage is togulis, i.e. 'was paraded before the toga-clad folk'. The word is appropriate, as a spectacle was one of the occasions when the toga, which in imperial times had fallen into disfavour, was required to be worn by Roman citizens of all ranks : cf. 13. 99. 2 'iactatis solet hanc idorcada) mittere turba togis', 14. 135 'algentes... togas [in amphitheatro)'. For the use of togulis compare 10. 19. 4 'eheu! quam fatuae sunt tibi, Roma, togae' ( = togati, i.e. clientes), 5. 8. n f. 'illas purpureas et adrogantes / iussit surgere Leiitus lacernas', 2. 36. 3 'nee tibi mitrarum nee sit tibi barba reorum' ( = mitratorum). The diminutive togula is used by Martial eight times elsewhere.


Separate provisions of the law regulating the activities of credit rating agencies are analyzed. Attention is drowned to the implementation of the provisions of this law, which is implemented by by-laws of the Bank of Russia. Examples of ratings assigned to banks by financial supermarkets are given, as well as up-to-date information in the form of tables about credit ratings assigned to banks. It are concluded that the ratings assigned to banks are more informative in comparison with the financial indicators of banks posted on official websites, as part of the assessment of their financial reliability.


We examine electron-capture supernovae (ECSNe) as sources of elements heavier than iron in the solar system and in Galactic halo stars. Nucleosynthesis calculations are performed on the basis of thermodynamic histories of mass elements from a fully self-consistent, two-dimensional hydrodynamic explosion model of an ECSN. We find that neutron-rich convective lumps with an electron fraction down to Ye,min = 0.40, which are absent in the one-dimensional counterpart, allow for interesting production of elements between the iron group and N = 50 nuclei (from Zn to Zr, with little Ga) in nuclear (quasi-)equilibrium. Our models yield very good agreement with the Ge, Sr, Y, and Zr abundances of r-process-deficient Galactic halo stars and constrain the occurrence of ECSNe to ∼4% of all stellar core-collapse events. If tiny amounts of additional material with slightly lower Ye,min down to ∼0.30–0.35 were also ejected—which presently cannot be excluded because of the limitations of resolution and two dimensionality of the model—a weak r-process can yield elements beyond N = 50 up to Pd, Ag, and Cd as observed in the r-process-deficient stars.


The manufacturing of the high purity magnesium and especially of the Iron Free Magnesium (I. F. M.) were studied and the semiindustrial manufacturing of the I. F. M. was succeeded.The corrosion resistance of the I. F. M. for 3% NaCl solution is exellently good. Using the I. F. M., the effects of Fe, Mn, Na, Al, and Zn on the corrosion resistance and other properties of magnesium were studied and the results were as follows:When iron is less than 0.0014%, the corrosion resistance of magnesium is excellently good, but over this percentage of iron, the corrosion resistance of magnesium becomes destructively bad.Manganese has no effect on the corrosion resistance of the I. F. M., while the corrosion limit of iron contents ascends from 0.0014% to 0.0027%, when manganese is 0.2%.Aluminium and zink also has no effect, unless its content is less than 4% respectively.Natrium content does not deteriorate the property.Variation of recrystallization temperature of high purity magnesium depends on the iron content, namely that of Fe 0.001% is 100-125°C, of Fe 0.0014-0.0054% is 125-150°C and of Fe 0.0085% is 150-175°C.


The character of abbot William Wallingford of St. Albans (abbot 1476–92), the state of the abbey under his rule, and the issue of his controversy with archbishop Morton in 1490, provided matter for a lively controversy at the beginning of the present century which has recently found an echo in a posthumous work of the late Dr. G. G. Coulton. Despite considerable research, much has hitherto remained obscure, and the so-called 'St. Albans case' has remained an obstacle in the path of all students of the last phase of pre-Reformation monasticism. The present writer some years ago, in the course of other work, attempted a review of the problem, but subsequently put aside what he had written, as Dr. Coulton had declared, both in print and in conversation, that he intended to give a full treatment of the case in the last volume of his Five Centuries of Religion. This, when at last it appeared in the autumn of 1950, was found indeed to contain two chapters on Wallingford and St. Albans, but these, when carefully considered, appeared neither to give a final judgment nor to provide a clear presentation of the sequence of events and of the difficulties of interpretation presented by the documents. Coulton's pages, in fact, so far from speaking the last word, give the impression of being a series of notes never fully resolved into an ordered narrative or argument and, in addition, there is more than one omission or misplacement in important footnote references, possibly due to uncorrected slips in the typescript of the book, which leave the reader at a loss.


This research explores the Internet of Things and how it can be used to improve patient monitoring in modern healthcare to ensure the safety of pregnant women and their children. The concept of Internet of Things and connected healthcare will be put into context regarding improving the outcome of pregnancy for women with limited access to health care. Through our ongoing research project, we propose a system that can positively impact the standard of life for pregnant mothers. Modern day smartphones have proven to be extremely pervasive in developing regions of the world. Most of these smartphones are equipped with hardware that can support biometric monitoring of its user. By taking advantage of the sensors present on smartphones and an accessory biomedical signal acquisition device we intend to unobtrusively acquire vital information about the health status of pregnant women. The acquired data is then processed and classified using signal processing and analysis tools to assist healthcare practitioners evaluate the status of pregnant women remotely. Since most pregnant women in our area of focus already own smartphones, the cost associated with our system is minimal. We have successfully implemented remote heart rate monitoring and physical activity monitoring using a smartphone and an accessory device.


This paper presents in a general form some of the results of three European projects DREAM, DETER and PROCHIP/PROMETHEUS dedicated to driver monitoring for safety enhancement and the SAVE project the principal objective of which was to develop, validate and test a final on-board system able to diagnose driver state in real time. A methodological approach was developed consisting of multisensory fusion by means of statistical and artificial intelligence algorithms. The approach was confirmed by a series of tests performed in real driving conditions


AIM: To investigate the effect of apoptosis and the change of mitochondial tansmembrane potential in A549 cells induced by thermochemotherapy of ADM. METHODS: ADM of different concentrations was directly applied to A549 cells cultivated in vitro. Cells maintained at 42.5 ℃ for 30 min. RESULTS: The inhibition of A549 cells was increased by thermochemotherapy of ADM significantly,and the cytoplasmic concentration of thermochemotherapy of ADM was significantly higher than that of chemotherapy (P 0.01). When it was 1.0 and 2.0 mg·L -1, apoptosis rate was increased and mitochondrial transmembrane potential was decreased by thermochemotherapy of ADM (P 0.01). CONCLUSION: The change of motochondial transmembrane potential was the key of apoptosis induced by thermochemotherapy of ADM in A549 cells.


Let $G$ be a $p$-divisible group over the ring of integers of $\mathbb{C}_p$, and assume that it is endowed with an action of the ring of integers of a finite unramified extension $F$ of $\mathbb{Q}_p$. Let us fix the type $\mu$ of this action on the sheaf of differentials $\omega_G$. V. Hernandez, following a construction of Goldring and Nicole, defined partial Hasse invariants for $G$. The product of these invariants is the $\mu$-ordinary Hasse invariant, and it is non-zero if and only if the $p$-divisible group is $\mu$-ordinary (i.e. the Newton polygon is minimal given the type of the action). \\ We show that if the valuation of the $\mu$-ordinary Hasse invariant is small enough, then each of these partial Hasse invariants is a product of other sections, the refined partial Hasse invariants. We also give a condition for the construction of these invariants over an arbitrary scheme of characteristic $p$. We then give a simple, natural and elegant proof of the compatibility with duality for the classical Hasse invariant, and show how to adapt it to the case of the refined partial Hasse invariants. Finally, we show how these invariants allow us to compute the partial degrees of the canonical filtration (if it exists).


Angiogenesis, ie, the formation of new vessels from pre‐existing one, is a complex process tightly regulated by the dynamic balance between pro‐angiogenic and anti‐angiogenic factors. Among pro‐angiogenic factors, angiopoietin‐2 (Ang2) is a 75 kDa secreted glycoprotein able to bind the receptor tyrosine kinaseTie‐2. Ang2 is a destabilizing factor able to revert vessels to a more plastic state and works in concert with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to determine angiogenic remodeling and sprouting. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the commonest leukemia in the Western countries. Higher density of microvessels was detected in CLL patients with poor prognosis. Moreover, CLL cells are able to secrete several pro‐angiogenic factors, such as VEGF, Ang2, endothelin‐1 (ET‐1), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), that can be measured at high concentration in plasma samples of CLL patients, being also particularly increased in cases with unfavorable prognostic factors and worse clinical outcome. In particular, Ang2 plasma levels are able to predict progression‐free survival of CLL patients. Tie‐1 and Tie‐2 (also known as TEK) are type 1 transmembrane protein receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that interact on the cellular surface through their ectodomains forming an inhibitory complex of signal transduction. Both Ang2 and Ang1 bind to the same site on Tie‐2, however Ang1 induces dissociation of Tie‐1/Tie‐2 complex, clustering of Tie‐2 and signaling initiation, whereas Ang2 inhibits Tie‐2 signaling acting as a competitive antagonist. Nevertheless, when the balance between angiopoietins is shifted to Ang2, it can also act as agonist, activating Tie‐2 receptor and downstream pathways including PI3K‐Akt prosurvival cascade. CLL cells were reported to express Tie‐1 but not Tie‐2.Here, wewonderedwhether Ang2may act in an autocrine fashion in CLL cells, investigating the expression of Tie‐2 receptor in leukemic cells and the in vitro effect of Ang2 on CLL survival. All patients included in this study (n = 38) were seen at the Hematology Division of Modena in Italy and provided informed consent in accordancewith local institutional review board requirements and the Declaration of Helsinki Principles. Clinical and biological data were provided inTable S1. First, we measured the percentage of circulating CLL cells showing expression of Tie‐2 receptor on the cellular surface in 27 untreated patients by flow cytometry, staining peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using APC‐conjugated anti‐CD19


<italic>Sir</italic>, I Remember that upon perusal of the Catalogue of the Natural Curiosities in my poor <italic>Musæum</italic>, you desired a more particular account of. the <italic>Skin</italic> of the <italic>Fishes Stomach</italic> from the Indies; of the <italic>Coystal</italic> and the ways of its <italic>Concretion</italic>; of the <italic>Iron</italic> turned into <italic>Ore</italic>; and of the <italic>Octoedra</italic> from the <italic>Copper</italic> <italic>Mines</italic> in <italic>Sweden</italic>.


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Almost all of the 982 women interviewed as part of the Nairobi Infant Feeding Study started breastfeeding and 85% and 50% were still breastfeeding at 6 months and 15 months respectively. Use of breastmilk substitutes was 25% at 1 month but rose to 60% at 2 months and to 85% at 3 months. The use of food supplements rose sharply from 20% at 1 month of age to 60% at 3 months and to over 90% after 6 months. 85% of mothers surveyed incorrectly believed that infants are healthier if they receive formula in addition to breastmilk during the 1st 3 months of life. Logistic regression analyses indicated the oldest most highly parous women tend to be most likely to initiate breastfeeding and to continue this practice for long durations. Powerful indicators of a shorter breastfeeding duration included urban residence and high household socioeconomic status. Even when the effects of other background variables were controlled the introduction of early bottlefeeding reduced the likelihood that a child would be breastfed for as long as 6 or 9 months. Since only 5% of mothers surveyed were separated from their infant during the day do to work paid employment away from the home does not explain the widespread use of breastmilk substitutes among Nairobi mothers. In terms of the influence of health services there was a consistent association between hospital delivery and early bottlefeeding. Moreover infants delivered by health workers were more often fed formula than those delivered by traditional midwives. The identification of urban orientation higher education and income and institutional birth as factors predisposing toward shorter breastfeeding suggest that this pattern may become more common with increasing modernization.


Abstract This study analyzes the impacts of imitation ability on major ASEAN countries' horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade for the period 2006–2016. The unique features of this study are twofold. Firstly, we develop a new composite index of imitation ability based on broad coverage of various components. Secondly, we consider the differential impacts of imitation ability on ASEAN countries' intra-industry trade with partner countries grouped by their levels of economic development. We found that ASEAN countries' imitation ability positively impacts the extent of their horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade globally. However, the impact of imitation ability on ASEAN countries' HIIT is the highest in their trade with middle-income countries. In contrast, the effect of imitation ability on ASEAN countries' VIIT is the strongest in their trade with high-income countries.


In the title compound, C24H25ClN2O2, the 2-hydroxybenzyl substituents and the 2-chlorophenyl group occupy the sterically preferred equatorial positions, whereas the methyl group occupies the axial position. The imidazolidine ring adopts an envelope conformation with one of the N atoms adjacent to the methylene group as the flap. The chlorophenyl substituent approaches a nearly perpendicular orientation relative to the mean plane of the imidazolidine ring, making a dihedral angle of 73.44 (12)° and the Cl atom is almost coplanar with the C atom bearing the chlorophenyl substituent [Cl—C—C—C torsion angle = 1.1 (3)°]. The hydroxybenzyl groups make dihedral angles of 71.23 (15) and 69.13 (19)° with the mean plane of the heterocyclic ring. The dihedral angle between the two hydroxybenzyl groups is 69.61 (12)°. The molecular structure features two intramolecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds with graph-set motif S(6) between the phenolic hydroxyl groups and N atoms.


Early post-fire structural dynamics in three Quercus pyrenaica communities after intense fires was studied. In the first year there is a marked domination of perennial species (herbaceous or woody); afterwards, herbaceous species tend to decrease in importance and ligneous species increase. Changes in species diversity were analysed as an indicator of recovery and stability in the communities. An increase was observed in the second year, and then diversity was maintained or reduced slightly in the third and fourth years. Spatial heterogeneity tends to diminish with time.


Preparating for the sample by Microwave digestion method,detection of As content were studied.The study showed that the matrix interference was eliminated,and the suitable graphite furnace heating process was choosed.Detection limit was 1.2 ng/mL with detection range of 4~50 ng/mL,standard sample recovery was 95.0%~106.7%,As content was 1.02 μg/g with 1.7% of RSD.


This paper presents an experimental investigation into input suitability for human-computer interaction during computer aided design operations. Specifically, three types of operations, synthesis, interrogation, and modification, are examined with respect to three different types of user interfaces, mouse, direct tablet, and indirect tablet. The study, using undergraduate student participants in an introductory engineering graphics course, demonstrates that the mouse performs the highest across the dimensions of completion time and number of errors. However, the direct tablet, using a pen like device directly on the visualization screen, shows promise.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


Within her first few weeks as a preceptee midwife, Heidi Stone began to realise that to provide quality care to women and families, she first had to take care of herself.


This paper presents the idea about solar energy and its importance over fossil fuel. The main activities which are reported are related to solar photovoltaic (PV) market, market barriers on solar technologies, cost of PV system and cost reduction potential. The importance of renewable energy is discussed and how the solar energy is more superior to other renewable energy sources is studied. As the major part of solar energy is trapped through photovoltaic systems, its advantages are also discussed. The cost of photovoltaic modules is the prime parameter in deciding the tariff rates of electricity that is harvested from solar photovoltaic technology. So it is essential to study the present market structure for solar photovoltaic. And also the market barriers on solar photovoltaic technologies cost of PV systems and the potential areas where cost reduction can be done are discussed. Concluding remarks recommend that economics of scale are quite vital to realize lower cost of production for the solar products.


Osteoarthritis is a widespread disease leading to physical disability affecting quality of life. It is primarily regarded as a cartilage disease but affect all tissues of a joint. Osteoarthritis can be regarded as an organ failure. Knee osteoarthritis is common in Kuwait, especially in women. The main symptoms are pain, stiffness and weakness affecting knee function. The diagnosis is made by history and clinical examination. A weight-bearing radiograph will fully establish the diagnosis. Many of the patients are also obese, diabetic, hypertensive or affected by other organ failures. The aim is to reduce knee pain and improve knee function which is also beneficial for the other diseases. Initially, we recommend self-management by information about knee osteoarthritis, daily exercise of any type which is pleasant for the individual like 'walking 10-30 minutes once or twice daily in order to induce light to moderate cartilage load. Further, regular muscle training to increase especially pelvis and lower leg strength and realistic programs to reduce weight is advised. Regular support by a primary care doctor, a physiotherapist or a coach is beneficial. The program is demanding, as it means a change of life-style. Different modalities of non-operative treatment are physiotherapy, pharmacological treatment by analgesics / NSAIDs / glucosamine and injection of steroids or hyaluronic acid. The effect of the pharmacological treatment programs vary. Often the outcome, by evidence based research, is low or at best moderate. If self-management and non-operative treatment fails and the symptoms are pronounced, surgery is an option. Knee prosthesis is the main alternative. (Less)


We consider a rank test statistic based on contrasts for testing against d-star, bipartite and broom tree alternatives. Contrast coefficients are determined so that the minimum asymptotic power canbe maximized. Finally, the power of the proposed test is compared with that of Chacko's X-2rank test


Yanfeng No. 2 is a new specific excellent foliar fertilizer on tobacco. It is composed of some necessary nutrient elements,many microelements,rare-earth elements and so on. It is a powder,easy soluble in water and it is well distributed and adhered on the leaf surface. It can resist to rinse by slight rain and be easily absorbed by leaves. The experiments showed that spray in the growth period for two times can achieve good results, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content,and specific leaf weight would increase,but stomatal resistance would decrease. This foliar fertilizer can greatly improve growth of leaf area of tobacco, and it has a sound effect on yield and quality, the yield increased above 20% ,and the output value increased above 30% .


Objectives: Drivers are involved in more than 85% of all accidents in Jordan because they are facing rapid developments in the traffic on the road. Drivers should be subjected to intensive traffic education when they are children, proper driving training when they are adults, and proper control when they start driving on the road. Methods: Three Questionnaires were designed and distributed to trained drivers, drivers committing accidents and to pedestrians. Results: Analysis of questionnaires revealed defects in traffic safety awareness among drivers and pedestrians. It reflected defects in training centers and trainers, and defects in control on drivers on the road. Conclusions: A comprehensive traffic safety plan is suggested which includes a complete traffic safety education curriculum at schools. It includes suggestions to improve training centers, trainers, and training programs of centers and of testing committees. Control of drivers should be the responsibility of the family, citizens, and the society. Opinion of drivers, members of the society, and specialists should be taken into consideration in drafting plans, programs and regulations.