Operational forecasts of significant wave height and period produced by the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) were compared to wave height measurements obtained by the Topography Experiment (TOPEX) altimeter data. Comparisons were made between the satellite measurements and the forecast wave heights for forecast periods of 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours. The Spectral Wave Prediction System (SWAPS) operated by NAVOCEANO consists of a coupled system which includes a third-generation spectral wave model (WAM), shallow-water wave transformation models, and a harbor response model. This paper evaluates the forecast performance of only the WAM component of SWAPS implemented at a resolution of 28 km. The areas evaluated include the Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, and the Arabian Gulf. The overall performance of the model is shown to be satisfactory for Navy operations.


In this paper, for the first time, we present a circuit model of InGaAs-GaAs self-assembled quantum dot (QD) lasers (SAQDLs) based on the standard rate equations. By using the presented model, effects of carrier dynamics on QD laser static and dynamic performances are investigated. Simulated results show that retarded carrier relaxation due to phonon bottleneck degrades the threshold current, external quantum efficiency, and modulation response of QD laser, which is in agreement with the results reported by other researchers. The model accurately explains the operating characteristics found in InGaAs-GaAs SAQDLs.


Introduction: Flexible intramedullary nail fixation (FIN) has become the preferred mode of treatment for femur fractures in elementary school aged children. One clear limitation of FIN is the inability to control length unstable femur fractures. This case series evaluates radiographic union rates, fracture alignment, and postoperative complications for a novel technique of FIN and adjunct external fixation in length unstable femur fractures. Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed using current procedural terminology coding to identify 10 pediatric femur fractures utilizing flexible nail fixation with supplemental external fixation in length unstable femur fractures. Electronic medical records were used to obtain demographic information and length of operative time. A picture archiving and communication system was utilized to review radiographs. Results: Combined FIN fixation and supplemental external fixation were used in ten pediatric patients with length unstable femur fractures. The average age at time of injury was 6.4 years (range: 3 to 8 years). The average duration of external fixation was 30 days with no pin site complications including infection or refracture. Average time to union was 54 days with no radiographic loss of reduction. There were no documented intraoperative or postoperative complications. Conclusions: The cases reviewed in this study support that in addition to FIN fixation for unstable pediatric femur fractures, a supplemental external fixator provides a viable option with all fractures obtaining union, acceptable alignment, no loss of reduction, and no postoperative complications. This technique may provide another tool in the orthopedist armamentarium and possibly as an alternative to submuscular plating.


The Engineer's Guide To EMI In DC-DC Converters (Part 2): Noise Propagation And Filtering by Timothy Hegarty, Texas Instruments, Phoenix, Ariz. High switching frequency is the major catalyst for size reduction in the advancement of power conversion technology. It is essential to understand the EMI characteristics of high-frequency converters since the required EMI filter necessary for regulatory compliance typically occupies a significant portion of the overall system footprint and volume. In part 2 of this series, you'll gain an insight into dc-dc converter conducted EMI behavior by understanding sources and propagation paths for both the differential mode (DM) and common mode (CM) conducted emissions noise components. DM and CM noise separation from the total noise measurement is described, and a boost converter example is used to highlight the main CM noise conduction paths that exist in an automotive application. DM And CM Conducted Disturbances DM and CM signals represent two forms of conducted emissions. DM currents are generally referred to as symmetrical mode signals or transverse signals, whereas CM currents are also known as asymmetrical mode or longitudinal signals. A representation of DM and CM current paths in synchronous buck and boost dc-dc topologies is shown in Fig. 1. Y-capacitors CY1 and CY2 connected from positive and negative supply lines to earth ground are shown here to conveniently complete the common-mode current propagation path.


The efficacy of reinforcement of polyester resin matrix composites with hard ceramic particles for optimal performance was studied. 5-25 wt. % of silicon carbide, millscale, and magnesia particles were applied in reinforcing unsaturated polyester resin matrix by mould casting and the microstructural and mechanical characteristics of the composites were evaluated. There was uniform distribution of silicon carbide, millscale, and magnesia particles in the polymer composites matrix from the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) result. The highest mechanical properties in terms of ultimate tensile strength (73.75 MPa), flexural strength (74.89 MPa), hardness (98.76 BHN), and impact energy (24.85 J) was exhibited by the hybrid composite at 15 wt. % reinforcement. This shows the efficacy of hybridisation and the high potential of the composite for wider applications.


This paper focuses on the synthesis of novel metal‐drugs nanoparticles based onto gold‐gemcitabine complexes relevant for biomedical applications. Gold (HAuCl4) is mixed with antitumor compounds (gemcitabine (GEM)) and dicarboxylic acid–terminated polyethylene‐glycol (PEG), which plays a double role as surfactants and reducing agent. The proposed methodology is fast and reproducible and leads the formation of hybrid‐metal nanoflowers called GEM ION‐PEG‐AuNPs, in which drug solubility and efficiency are improved. The emerging role of GEM ION PEG‐AuNPs in the hyperthermic treatment was applied in pancreatic cancer cells under specific experimental conditions. For this purpose GEM ION‐PEG‐AuNPs are decorated with HIV‐1 Tat peptide, a potent trans‐activator of transcription from the viral promoter and is essential for viral replication containing an activation domain and a nucleic acid‐binding domain. All products are evaluated by various spectroscopic techniques (Raman and UV–vis) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This study, revealing an original chemical approach, will employ an important position in the field of nanomedicine, with novel perspectives that will be proposed for the development of new drugs and active targeting in cancer therapy.


ABSTRACT Current debates around the 'performance gap' have highlighted the need to study building occupancy patterns to improve design solutions and better understand space utilisation. However, capturing occupancy data is resource intensive. There is a need for solutions that gather real-time occupancy data while maintaining the users' privacy. In response to this challenge, this paper discusses applying a thermal imaging-based method for measuring occupancy in buildings and generating behavioural insights. A longitudinal analysis of the occupancy patterns over a full academic year is conducted for a university library building in the UK. The granular data collected through the thermal imaging analysis reveal insights into the building's occupancy patterns over academic terms and vacation periods. The findings debunk conventional conceptions of library use during weekends/weekdays and terms/vacations. The application of thermal imaging sensors to monitor occupancy within the library building suggests the potential use of real-time data to improve the library's space and organisational management. The paper makes a case for having an occupancy monitoring strategy in place that corresponds to the data needed for making effective interventions.


The principle of voluntariness is regulated in Chinese Trademark Law.There are a large number of non-registered trademarks.It is their existence becomes the realistic foundation of protection,the economic values become corresponding economic foundation and justice is the value foundation.Neither Chinese Trademark Law nor Anti-unfair Competition Law stipulates clearly the legal status of non-registered trademarks.It is suggested that the legal status of non-registered trademark be regulated,the scope of protection be confirmed,both registered and non-registered share equal legal status,the obligees' rights of non-registered be improved.


Public Health Act, by STANLEY HAMP, F.R.I.B.A. IT is only in the capacity of an Architect that I can address you, and in -*so doing I am hopeful that all those more expert on sanitary science will give their advice and experience to help to solve what, in my judgment, is an anomaly in the light of present day practice. The subject comes primarily before me in laying out and planning large buildings, such as the de luxe hotel and high-class residential flats. It will be common knowledge to you all that the bye-laws of this country forbid the placing of any water closet within a building unless it adjoins an external wall which shall abut immediately upon a street, or upon a yard, garden, or open space of not less than 100 sq. ft. in area. We are, therefore, as Architects, unable to plan any building except in accordance with such a regulation. It precludes the possibility of adopting in this country an arrangement for the internal W.C. upon the lines almost universally practised now on the Continent and in the States. This is a very serious handicap to building development t of the class I have referred to being carried through in this country. Apart from the loss to the general public, which is, having regard to present day demands, a serious one, it is even more important to the building owner in considering the financial aspect of his building. You have all had experience with regard to the present day cost of building operations, and the need for the strictest economy in planning


A lot of comparison experimental research has been done to the lubricating-oil cooler with mixing integral pin-fin tubes and plain tubes.It is discovered that the mixing integral pin-fin tubes heat transfer capacity in unit volume is higher,pressure drop is lower,and the very strong heat transfer ability than plain tubes when oil volume flow rate is at constant value.The results show the performance of lubricating-oil cooler with mixing integral pin-fin tubes and plain tubes is superiority.So this can made lubricating-oil cooler miniaturize in the same Heat changing condition.


Digital images of business and financial documents are replacing paper and microfilm in numerous applications. System bandwidth limitations usually necessitate data-compression of such images. Another way to decrease the bandwidth requirement for each image is to reduce the spatial resolution of the image, thereby reducing the total number of pixels which must be stored or transmitted. In this paper, the authors investigate the combination of spatial resolution reduction with the evolving ISO/JPEG grayscale image-compression standard. Both resolution reduction and ISO/JPEG data-compression cause distortion of the decompressed image with respect to the original. The system designer has some flexibility in allocating this distortion to each of the processes. The authors have conducted extensive testing to determine the best such allocation. Results of these tests indicate that legibility depends principally on compressed size. In particular, legibility is directly proportional to compressed size. The effects of spatial resolution on legibility are secondary. One such effect is a decrease in legibility with increasing spatial resolution as packet size is held constant at comparatively small values. Taken together, these results argue that the best legibility for document images compressed with the ISO/JPEG draft standard is obtained at the lowest adequate spatial resolution.


The paper reports the recent results on application and extension of the matrix formulation of lagrangian hydrodynamic equations. The matrix approach is based on the notion of continuous deformation of infinitesimal material elements and treats the Jacobi matrix of their derivatives with respect to lagrangian variables as the fundamental quantity completely describing fluid motion. We begin with brief review of the governing matrix equation (for the detailed discussion see Yakubovich, E.I. & Zenkovich, D.A. 2001 Matrix approach to Lagrangian fluid dynamics. J. Fluid Mech. vol. 443, 167-196). The new general relationship between two- and three-dimensional solutions of the matrix equations is then found and applied to 3-D generalization of plane 'Ptolemaic' vortices. As a result, families of non-stationary swirling vortices and of stretched vortices in an axisymmetric strain are constructed and studied. The set of matrix equations is extended to include the effect of viscosity by incorporating an evolution equation for the Cauchy invariants, which represents a lagrangian analogue of the Helmholtz equation for a viscous fluid.


Pre-meeting Workshop, December 4 and 5, 1978 "Macrophage Activation" For further information contact: Dr. A. Ghaffar Department of Microbiology & Immunology School of Medicine University of South Carolina Columbia, S. C. 29208 Telephone (803) 777-7928
 Symposia and Paper Sessions Mills Hyatt House For further information contact: Dr. Gabriel Virella Department of Immunology & Microbiology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, S. C. 29403 Telephone (803) 792-4421


With the huge number of web pages that exist today, search engine plays an important role in the current Internet. But even if they allow finding relevant pages for any search topic, now a day the number of results returned is often too big those are very difficult to manage by the users. Moreover, the needs of the users vary, so that what may be important for one user may be completely irrelevant for another user. The role of ranking algorithms is thus important, in this select the pages that are most likely be able to satisfy the user's needs, and bring them in the top positions. In this survey the most popular algorithms used today by the search engines i.e. Page Rank and Citation count are introduced which are based on web structure mining technique .The comparison study of page rank and citation count algorithm is introduced to bring the difference between these two algorithms.


Background To understand the perceptions of caregivers of patients with cow milk allergy (CMA) regarding the disease and its treatment. Methods Qualitative study in which caregivers of children and adolescents with confirmed CMA followed, at least, for 1 year, were interviewed. They were recruited from outpatient clinic of Allergy and Immunology Division from a tertiary pediatric hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. The interviews were conducted under conditions of privacy and 2 opened questions were proposed: "Tell me about your experience with cow's milk allergy treatment" and "What do you expect from your child's disease treatment?" Data were audio-recorded, transcribed, analyzed using the content analysis method and categories and subcategories were generated based on their speeches. Results Nine interviews were done and 3 categories with subcategories emerged: A. Treatment and education of the patient and their caregivers (life experiences, bases of treatment, coping with the disease). B. Resolution of the disease (hope, gradual improvement). C. Quality of life (social inclusion, family daily activities, costs of dietary treatment). Caregivers experienced difficulties during the initial treatment but pointed out that the guidance given during follow-up made the adjustments easier. They also compared CMA with other chronic diseases and highlighted the importance of their children follow-up in this institution for adequate control. They commented on the difficulties about lack of cooperation from other family members regarding the restrictive diet, their experience coping with allergic reactions, doubts about the treatment and gaps on knowledge about the disease by other physicians and people. The majority of relatives was satisfied with the gradual improvement of patients, although there are no drugs or vaccines for treatment, and observed a reduction on the severity of symptoms and tolerance of milk traces. In addition, they commented on the efforts to give a normal life for their children, the changes in their daily lives and the difficulty to buy special products. Conclusions This qualitative study allowed us to understand how families cope with the disease, their histories and hopes about the treatment. They feel a great burden of the disease and need support and orientation from health professionals.


The concentrations of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) of particulate matter (PM)2.5 were investigated at coastal, urban, and inland sites in central Taiwan during October 1999 and March 2000, and the carbon contents were analyzed using a total organic carbon analyzer (TOC). The results showed that the average EC concentrations at the various sites were from 2.7–4.4 μ g/m3, while the mean OC concentrations were from 6.9–12.3 μ g/m3. Both higher EC and OC levels were found in inland areas. Good correlations of OC and EC were found in coastal and urban areas, indicating that OC was mainly from the primary combustion emissions, whereas OC was weakly correlated with EC at the inland sites, suggesting that the contributions of OC were unrelated combustion sources (i.e., secondary organic carbon). The optimal Deming regression was used to estimate the ratio of OC/EC, leading to calculate the amount of secondary organic aerosols in this study. On average, secondary organic carbon constituted 13%–48% of the total organic carbon for PM2.5 with high levels observed in inland areas. Moreover, higher secondary OC concentration was observed at low wind speed, high relative humidity and high oxidants sum (O3 + NO2) levels atmosphere.


Abstract : The corrosion resistance of VTI brand titanium was studied in different technological media in a chemical combine. The possible areas for using titanium as the design material for preparing equipment and parts in the following production processes were determined: Production of weak nitric acid; Production of catalyzers, chromic acid and ferrous sulfide; Production of potassium nitrate; Production of ureas; Production of caprolactam; and Production of metaldehyde for metaldehyde solutions containing hydrochloric acid.


AbstractThe first passive house (PH) was built in Germany in 1991. Since then several empirical design solutions have been developed, meeting the requirements of the PH standard proposed by the Passive House Institute (PHI) of Darmstadt, Germany. These design solutions have spread throughout central and western Europe and tend to be implemented in areas with a quite different climate than Germany's, such as southeastern Europe. This paper focuses on the question of whether the German design solutions would ensure the fulfillment of PH standard requirements in the latitudes of Romania. The paper compares general climate conditions for 22 towns in Germany and Romania. Further analysis is performed by estimating the energetic performance of a prototype passive building located in any of those 22 towns. The prototype passive building is AMVIC PH built in 2008 in Bragadiru (near Bucharest, Romania). It appears that the design solutions developed in Germany may be relaxed (for example, the thermal insulation ma...


In this paper we study the existence of weak and strong global solutions and uniform decay of the energy to a von Kármán system for Kirchhoff plates equations with thermal effects and memory conditions working at the boundary. We show that the dissipation produced by the memory effect does not depend on the present values of the temperature gradient. That is, we show that the dissipation produced by memory effect is strong enough to produce exponential decay of the solution provided the relaxation functions also decay exponentially. When the relaxation functions decay polynomially, we show that the solution decays polynomially with the same rate.


Organometallic reagents and metal catalysts are used ubiquitously in academia and industry. Not surprisingly, the biological activity and environmental danger of metal compounds have become topics of outstanding importance. In spite of the rapid development of toxicology during the last decades, several common historically established "beliefs" are still frequently circulating in the organometallic community. In this Tutorial, we discuss existing opinions concerning (1) possibilities of toxicity measurements, (2) high toxicities of heavy-metal compounds, (3) correlation between the structure of a metal compound and its toxicity, (4) biological effect of direct/indirect contacts with metal compounds, and (5) dangers of metal nanoparticles. Basic concepts of toxicity studies and known data are described in the Tutorial step by step upon discussion of these issues. The main goal of this Tutorial is to demonstrate that the toxicity of a metal cannot be regarded as a constant property, since it depends on the ...


In the field of recent construction, design management to successfully carry out construction projects from planning step to maintenance one is being considered importantly. Efficient design management affects great influences to building performance elevation and cost saving. For effective and successful management on construction projects, minimizing design changes are necessary certainly. Technical proposal tendering is a bidding method of suggesting optimistic alternatives in matters of design planning and construction method etc., and minimizing design changes become available if selecting optimistic construction method by considering proposed matters of technical proposal tendering in the design step. Therefore, this study aims at suggesting considerations and expected effect according to factors of design changes by investigating main proposed matters at technical proposal tendering on apartment housing and then analyzing relations with factors of design changes. This study deduces factors of design changes through a theoretical research on design management. Besides, suggesting considerations and expected effect according to factors of design changes which shall be reviewed in the step of design management is intended by investigating and analyzing main proposed matters of technical proposal tendering on apartment housing.


Abstract This study examines how heard prosodic patterns are parsed by reference to a principle of focus of attention [1]. According to this principle, attention holds up to four items at once, and the same upper limit appears to apply to the number of syllables in rhythm groups [2]. On this basis it was predicted that in recalling heard prosodic structures, listeners would attend primarily to rhythm groups. 31 Ss were asked to recall the prosody of heard series of [pa] bearing various intonation groups and repetitive or varying rhythms. Exp. 1 showed how the focus of attention can shift when rhythm patterns are repetitive. However, Exp. 2 showed that listeners focus on rhythm when patterns vary (as in speech). The results bear implications on explaining the role of prosodic groups in speech. Index Terms : speech prosody, parsing, short-term memory, attention. 1. Introduction Generally, "prosodic structure" above the syllable designates two classes of marks. One class involves lexical marks, such as word stress, and another class involves


In this paper, the poor applicability problem which the bridge foundation bored piles reinforcement design in the actual application process is not related to specifications is studied, and bored pile length calculation LP is optimized specifically, as well as, friction pile reinforcement design problems are also researched. Verified by examples show that the optimized reinforcement design fully meet engineering safety requirements, meanwhile, more economical.


This paper describes a study of the relationships among lithology, pore-fluid content, stratigraphy, and the seismic response for clastic sedimentary rocks. The authors show how it is possible to generate seismic models from the petrophysical measurements. This procedure should provide a useful conceptual model for understanding the seismic response of a particular type of reservoir.


The following monograph analysis and compares the forecasting capacity of CAPM and the
Three-Factor Model, applying the mean correction error methodology.
Therefore, portfolio returns defined by their industry sector were used.
By ordinary least squared method, the models forecast were compared with the results of the
random walk model.
The outcome demonstrated that, by the mean correction error methodology, the models have
better predictive accuracy for some portfolios and horizons, being the CAPM the most
adequate.


The paper proposes a simple and low-cost technique of a power measuring system for the characterization and evaluation of harvesters, harvesting circuits or switching converters. The system is a lab instrument and it can measure the power that is drawn from or provided to it, by measuring the time duration for a specific voltage difference to occur on a capacitor of known capacitance (V-T). This way, it is easier to measure low power values in comparison with the most straightforward method that depends on voltage and current measurements. The system is using only commercially available discrete components and is optimized for measuring power in the uW range with uW accuracy as supported with experimental results. It was tested to compare different solar harvesting circuits and to measure the available power levels for various light intensities.


Satellite communications system uses various satellites to transmit radio signals between earth terminals. A typical operational link includes an active satellite and two or more earth terminals. Satellite communication is one of the significant factor from the space programs and has made a major contribution to the international communication. There are various types of information that can be transmitted through satellite, such as voice (telephone), video (television) and digital data. This paper gives modeling and simulation of satellite mobile systems using various tools such as Matlab, OPNET and Celplanner. Matlab results show that the losses don't depend on a direction: from earth station to a satellite or vise verse. Moreover, power changes over the distance are identical for remote and for the central station. The OPNET simulated results show that changing in WAN protocols types don't affect the performance of a network. Celplanner results show that the forward prediction has a better performance output then the reverse links. Decreasing the number of sites leads to performance and capacity changes. Also antenna high, antenna gain and power adjustments resulted better BER, less interferences and better reception. Key-Words: Satellite, Mobile, Simulation, Modelling, OPNET, Celplanner, Matlab.


Reasons for the smoke pollution in production of a 16 ton brass furnace group are analyzed. A rebuild scheme for the dedust system is provided and introduced in detail of its design,control,software/hardware structure. The sack deduster,which features long sack,low pressure and pulse,is applied successfully to a 16 ton brass furnace group. This fact shows that the dedust system is of strong functions,good performances and high reliability thus is of capable to improve the operation. environment.


This paper presents a supply system design methodology for high-speed interface systems used in the design of a 1600 Mbps DDR3 interface in wirebond package. The high data rate and challenging system environment requires a system-level approach of supply noise mitigation that demonstrates the full spectrum of Power Integrity considerations typical in the design of high-speed interfaces. We will first discuss supply noise considerations during the architectural design phase used to define a supply mitigation strategy for the interface design. Next, we will discuss the physical implementation of the supply network component on the chip, the package, and the PCB using a co-design approach. Finally, we will present measurement data demonstrating the achieved supply quality and correlations to simulation results based on supply systems models developed during the design phase of the interface.


Purpose: To determine the stakeholder aspects influencing implementation of food security projects in Msambweni District, KenyaMethodology: The study adopted a cross sectional descriptive case study. The population to be comprised the residents of Msambweni district who practice farming activities. Sampling of farmers was done at random from the existing divisions and locations of Msambweni district. The primary data was gathered using questionnaires that were semi-structured. Descriptive analysis was used and this included the use of weighted means, standard deviation, relative frequencies and percentages. The results of the analysis were presented using tables, percentages and bar-charts.Results: Results indicated that land ownership was a key determinant in influencing food projects implementation. The findings indicated that land ownership made the implementation of food security projects easy and faster. There was a positive and significant relationship between food security project implementation and land ownership. The findings also indicated that there are taboos in their community which discourage some types of farming methods and some food crops and if people in Msambweni were to disregard cultural beliefs farm productivity and food sufficiency would change positively. The findings were also supported by a negative correlation and the relationship between food project and cultural practices was found not to be statistically significant. Results indicated that farming methods and inputs were key determinants of food security project implementation. The findings indicated that farming methods influenced the implementation of food projects at Msambweni district.  The correlation between farming methods and food security project implementation was found to be strong and positive. Results indicated that education was a key factor that influences food security project implementation. However the findings also indicated that education level of the respondents did not matter so much as long as they apply the correct farming methods and attend farming seminars and workshops. There results also showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between education level and food security project implementation.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Based on the results, it is recommended to the farmers to ensure that they retain their own lands and avoid selling and put the land into good use by practicing farming. It is recommended to the farmers that they review the existing taboos and beliefs and disregard them as this can lead to improved food security due to embracement of the government food security project implementation. It is also recommended that the farmers should have an open mind in fighting hunger as this will ensure that all people work to the betterment of improving food security issues regardless of the religion and culture. It is further recommended to the farmers to evaluate the advantages of mechanized farming methods and traditional farming practices and embrace the better option. The study also recommends that the farmers should attend the farmer's workshops and seminars organized by the government to exchange ideas and learn also new tactics of farming activities. The study recommends that the farmers to organize themselves in groups to invite the agricultural officers so that they can be trained on various farming methods and on how to improve their productivity. It is also recommended that the government should look for ways of communication modern methods of farming using locally understood languages to ensure that the whole country embraces changes at the same pace.


The growth and rapid change of social media technologies and societal norms regarding social media has caught many organizations off-guard. Universities, who must manage their reputations, were particularly susceptible to such changes as they have multiple stakeholder groups, including existing social networks that quickly adopted social media tools. Furthermore, universities have also adopted social media for teaching and learning, adding to the complexity of developing policy regarding social media. This research in-progress presents a qualitative approach for policy evaluation and presents initial results derived from the evaluation of fifty social media policies. Key factors derived from these policies are examined and compared. Additionally, future research directions are presented.


Abstract A simple, rapid and accurate method for the detection and determination of microgram quantities of EDTA is based on the absorbance of the complex formed by its reaction with phosphomolybdic acid at pH 2. Absorbance is measured against a phosphomolybdic acid reference solution at a wave length of 690 am. The effect of time, temperature and amount of phosphomolybdic acid is studied and optimum operating conditions established. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range 18.6–186.0 μg ml−1 of EDTA. Its detection limit is 18.6 μg in the solution phase and 3.72 μg in the resin phase. The relative standard deviation is ±0.445 μg. Ion exchange resin beads act as a catalyst and detection medium to improve the sensitivity and selectivity of the test.


The oscillatory flow of micropolar fluid in an annular region with constriction, provided by variation of the outer tube radius, is investigated. It is assumed that the local constriction varies slowly over the cross-section of the annular region. The nonlinear governing equations of the flow are solved using a perturbation method to determine the flow characteristics. The effect of micropolar fluid parameters on mean flow and pressure variables is presented.


This research aims to examine more deeply how the decision making process joined Peace Camp on participants from Fundamental Islamic Organizations. This type of research is qualitative with a case study approach. Sources of data obtained from interviews. The research subjects were three YIPC members who had joined the peace camp and came from the Islamic Fundamental organization.
In general, the urge that arises is the urge to fulfill the needs of curiosity of each subject. Apart from the urge of curiosity. The dominant factors in influencing the process are the subject's Social, cultural and Personal factors.


A side chain liquid crystalline polysiloxane with p (allyloxy)benzoxy p cyanophenyl as a monomer was synthesized. The monomer was firstly prepared by Williamson reaction, chloride of acid and esterification, then liquid crystalline polysiloxone was prepared by grafting reaction of the monomer, in addition, the chemical structure of the monomer and polymer was confirmed by IR and 1H NMR analysis, and the phase behavior was observed by DSC and optical polarized microscoly. The best synthetic technical conditions of a side chain liquid crystalline polysiloxane with p (allyloxy)benzoxy p cyanophenyl as a monomer has been researched, rate of production was increased, the monomer and polymer were confirmed to exhibit smectic liquid crystal behavior by analytic results of productions. It can provide stuff for special function materials.


Realistic low-resolution (LR) face images refer to those captured by the real-world surveillance cameras at extreme standoff distances, thereby LR and poor in quality essentially. Owing to severe scarcity of labeled data, a high-capacity deep convolution neural networks (CNN) is hardly trained to confront the realistic LR face recognition (LRFR) challenge. We introduce in this letter a dual-stream mutual information distillation network (MIND-Net), whereby the non-identity specific mutual information (MI) characterized by generic face features coexistent on realistic and synthetic LR face images are distilled to render a resolution-invariant embedding space for LRFR. For a thorough analysis, we quantify the degree of MI distillation in terms normalized MI index. Our experimental results on the realistic LR face datasets substantiate that the MIND-Net instances assembled from the pre-learned CNNs stand out from the baselines and other state of the arts by a notable margin.


We have investigated the third-order nonlinear optical properties of nc-Si/SiO 2 thin films using degenerate four-wave mixing.The phase conjugation signal was observed,and the measured χ (3) at 589 nm was 4.7×10 -7 esu.The n onlinear machanism of the material was discussed. -


This paper presents an evaluation of the potential of an optimization approach in improving real-time irrigation water management in systems with complex distribution networks. The optimization approach is based on quadratic programming. The operational objective is to maximize crop production through appropriate water allocation, while maintaining equity between different irrigation schemes and units within schemes. The approach has been evaluated through application to the irrigation system in the Lower Ayung River Basin in Bali, Indonesia. A simulation model of this irrigation system was available, and it has been possible to measure the effectiveness of the optimization approach by comparing the results of simulation runs incorporating optimization with the results of runs representing existing water allocation practice. The results indicate that the optimization approach does have potential and can significantly improve crop production at the basin scale. This paper presents a preliminary assessment ...


This study was conducted to investigate the effects of low-intensity aerobic exercise on body weight, Bacteriodetes and TLR5, and the relationships between them. Obesity was induced in C57BL/6 male mice (n=40) by high-fat diet, which were divided into two experimental groups, control group (CG), low-intensity aerobic exercise group (EG). And after a 12-week treatment of low-intensity aerobic exercise the effects in two test groups were compared by one-way ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation was employed to verify the relationships among each factors, which led to the conclusions as follows. A 12-week treatment of concurrent low-intensity aerobic exercise was effective for weight-loss, exhibited a positive effect on intestinal microorganisms, and the positive effect was greater in the combined treatment in particular than in the low-intensity aerobic exercise group. Concurrent low-intensity aerobic exercise showed more positive effects on TLR5 than control group, and relationships of body weight, Bacteriodetes and TLR5 weren't confirmed. Therefore, it is thought that this study can be the preliminary data to provide information to help develop various exercise programs for effective weight control based on new forms of factors causing obesity.


A screwdriver (10) for manipulating a screw (20) in the human or animal body, comprises a handle (14), a with the handle (14) fixed to shaft (16) at the distal end of a screw (20) is receivable , an outer tube (22) and a locking mechanism (24) for locking the outer pipe (22) in different displacement positions to the shaft (16). The locking mechanism (24) comprises a locking element (26), which engages in the different displacement positions in a locking site (28, 30, 32, 34) and is prevented from there through a mechanical obstacle against further axial advancement. It is proposed that the mechanical barrier is formed as a barrier against further axial advance, which is only characterized overcome in that the shaft (16) and the outer tube (22) relative to each other about a longitudinal axis (56) are rotated (Fig. 2 ).


This paper analyzes on and probes into the formation of the large- flow operation mode of the heat- supplysystem and its influence on the hydraulic work condition of the system, expounds the merits and demerits of various large-flowoperation modes, and points out that the large- flowoperation mode is a backward and uneconomic operation mode andshould be cast awaygradually.


Let R be any commutative ring. Then by GLN (R) we mean the group of all N × N matrices M with entries in R, and which are invertible: det(M) ∈ R×. The determininant map gives a homomorphism of groups which is easily seen to be surjective: defining the kernel to be SLN (R), we get an extension of groups The center Z of GLN (R) consists of the scalar matrices R× · IN , so as a group isomorphic to R×. By definition, PGLN (R) = GLN (R)/Z. The determinant map factors through to give a surjective homomorphism PGLN (R) → R×/ det(Z) = R×/R×2, whose kernel we call PSLN (R). We summarize the situation with the following diagram:


Light pseudoscalar mesons are Janus-type particles: Within quantum chromodynamics, they must be described as bound states of its fundamental degrees of freedom and as the (pseudo-) Goldstone bosons of its spontaneously broken chiral symmetry. This janiform nature of pions and kaons may be easily accommodated by the Bethe-Salpeter formalism in its instantaneous limit: Starting from the general behaviour of the Bethe-Salpeter solutions for light pseudoscalar mesons at large Euclidean momenta, we provide the exact relationship between the solutions of our bound-state equation and the underlying interactions, boiled down to a configuration-space potential depending on the interquark distance: the potential exhibits a logarithmically softened Coulomb singularity at the origin and, at large interquark distances, rises beyond bounds for massless quarks but approaches a non-positive finite limit for too heavy quarks.


This paper is about the analysis of distribution of temperature in viscous incompressible fluid flow which is caused by the sheet stretched with uniform heat flux. This is a new kind of technique called differential homotopy perturbation method is developed for various solutions for the distribution of temperature and velocity. The obtained series solution for nonlinear equation is occurred by temperature field over a scattering medium and the final result is compared by exact solution so that the accuracy is by the study of distributed perturbation technique.


Electronic states at a 20° symmetrical(100) tilt boundary in p-type silicon were studied using deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and other electrical measurements. The data can be explained with a model in which the local barrier height at the grain boundary varies on a scale much smaller than the boundary plane (∼I mm2) under study. Based on a relationship between the carrier capture cross section and energy level deduced from the experimental data, we have been able to calculate the distribution of the density of states in the energy bandgap at the boundary, which contains two groups of continuously distributed states; a major one whose density of states increases monotonically with the position of the state from the valance band, and a minor narrow one whose density of states is centered at Ev,+0.20 eV.


By means of pervasive strong advantage of characteristic divergence,a new color image segmentation algorithm based on secondary watershed and affinity propagation clustering has been proposed.By re-segmentation of watershed,algorithm extracted regional vector characteristic divergence structure similarity matrix using affinity propagation(AP) data clustering to achieve image segmentation.The experimental results demonstrate that the color image segmentation result of the proposed approach avoid the dependence of the algorithm on initial condition,reduce calculation on large sample of color image,and hold favorable consistency in terms of human perception.


Though technically feasible, the automatic translation of source code from the Z80 to the MC6809 is inefficient and probably impractical.


To utilize solar energy more efficiently and reduce lighting power consumption in underground public spaces such as car park, a large dish‐type concentrator solar lighting system is put forward along with its evaluation, which is a unique design to apply a laminated layer of beam split thin‐film coating and thin‐film solar cells onto the dish reflector. The collected sunlight is split into 2 parts, one being reflected into a fiber optical bundle and transmitted for daylighting, while the rest being absorbed by solar cells for electricity generation as the other way to replenish daylighting. A set of 4 solar lighting systems using 3.28‐m diameter dish are designed to meet the lighting requirement in a 1771‐m2 underground car park. A mathematical model is adopted to calculate the output power and conversion efficiency of solar cells distributed on the parabolic dish surface. The indoor illuminance distribution is given by lighting simulation. The results indicate that the average daylight illuminance in the car park can vary between 62.7 and 284 lx on February 25, 2016 and between 62.7 and 353 lx on August 17, 2016 for 2 chosen days, respectively. For the presented design, the electricity produced by solar cells is just enough to power light‐emitting diodes for lighting meeting a criterion at night. Considering about 19% conversion efficiency of solar cells and the efficacy of 129.5 lm/W of light‐emitting diodes, the hybrid solar lighting system can have about 40% utilization ratio of solar energy, so it can be concluded that a sufficient lighting provision can be provided by the proposed large dish‐type concentrator solar lighting system for applications in underground car park.


Abstract The influence of oxygen removal on chlorophyll fluorescence induction was studied in higher plant leaves. Removal of oxygen from the air surrounding maize leaves led to the increase of the fluorescence intensity and to a delay of the time at which the P-peak and M1-maximum appeared. The oxygen removal also led to the increase of the fluorescence intensity and induction period in C3 plants including soybean, reed, sasa, and Maackia amurensis. The slow quenching of fluorescence induction in these C3 plants was more sensitive to oxygen removal than in the case of maize. Simultaneous measurement of fluorescence and oxygen evolution induction in closed leaf discs showed that a greater part of the slow quenching, including the appearance of M1-maximum, takes place without oxygen evolution or CO2-dependent electron transport. Therefore, it is concluded that oxygen in normal air is the main fluorescence quencher during the fluorescence induction in higher plant leaves; near the P-peak and M1-maximum oxyg...


This book is a collection of 11 essays written in honour of Charles Leslie, a giant in the field of medical anthropology and among its pioneers in the establishment of this subgroup of anthropology in the 1960s. It also conveniently contains a complete list (in 2002) of Leslie's publications. Given Leslie's interests in the medical traditions of Asia it comes as no surprise that many of the essays in this volume deal with medical pluralism in the Asian context, notably in Nepal, Tibet and India, as well as the relationship between the state and medicine in managing the interrelationship of cosmopolitan medicine, which is Leslie's favoured term for biomedicine, and indigenous medical traditions. The themes presented represent a broad spectrum of interests that Leslie either wrote about or to which he provided scholarly impetus. The list of contributors to this volume reads virtually like a who's who of medical anthropology with contributions from Margaret Lock, Mark Nichter, Marina Roseman and Allan Young, among others. The uniting theme, or the soul, of these essays is a critical or what some might term activist approach to medical anthropology where a sensitivity to issues of political economy and power are evident. Contributors object to inequalities between the developed and the developing countries, and critically examine the role of medical anthropology within development policy and discourse and public health programmes, which is done by addressing the tension between culture, public health and power. For example, the essay by Stacy Pigg: 'Too bold, too hot: crossing ''culture'' in AIDS prevention in Nepal' describes how AIDS prevention in Nepal is specifically influenced by the state so as to best represent a reinforcement of proper social conduct involving sexual abstinence and deference to authority, whereas information about AIDS outside of the norm set by the state is seen as a threat to its moral identity. Another group of essays explores the social relations of therapy management, how notions of illness and diagnosis are caught up in a web of social relations, which is negotiated both by the patient and healer. Here, the essay written by Alan Young entitled 'The social relations of therapy management' stands out, where he discusses two intriguing case studies. The first one is about a Philippine woman whose child is diagnosed with 'weak lungs', often used as a euphemism for tuberculosis. Attacking crude dichotomies of collectivist versus individualized selves, he demonstrates how the difficult situation the woman finds herself in makes her question her role in her relationship with her kin who seems to disregard her difficult existential condition. Moving on to a case study from India, Young describes a man who at first sight may seem a malingerer to the medical establishment. His requests for even more diagnostic tests is interpreted by Young as a way for the man, by assuming a sick role, to be able to spend more time with his wife in a legitimate way, while being shielded from the demands of his kin. Of special interest, however, to human biologists should be the essays that examine how evidence from biological anthropology can be distorted for political purposes. Bibeau and Pederson's 'A return to scientific racism in the medical social sciences: the case of sexuality and the AIDS epidemic in Africa' discusses how genes and neurological mechanisms have been given prominence as explanatory factors for the spread of AIDS in Africa. Reference is made to an earlier article where the differences in the higher incidence rates of AIDS in Africa was explained with reference to the specific racialized anatomy and sexual behaviour of Africans which occurred as a part of human evolution. The authors' main focus for the article is centred ANNALS OF HUMAN BIOLOGY JULY–AUGUST 2004, VOL. 31, NO. 4, 494–495


Objective To practice the supervision and direction system of clinical medication to standardize the rational medication in hospital.Methods Every 4 to 5 copies of inpatients were collected from each ward to supervisor and directed the clinical medication by evaluating the selected drugs,pharmacokinetic indexes,drug combination,and pharmacodynamic indexes.Results The supervision and direction system limits non-rational use of drug,makes clear the medical income construction,promotes the process of clinical approach and closes the relationship in therapy,medication and nursing.Conclusion The supervision and direction system of clinical medication is guiding,prospective,scientific,generalizing and maneuverable.It is the effective measure to improve the medical quality,to reduce the medical cost,it and plays an important role in the hospital development.


TODIM method (an acronym in Portuguese of Interactive and Multicriteria Decision Making) has attracted the attention of many scholars and achieved much success in multi-criteria decision making. Linguistic expression, as a qualitative information representation form, is much closer to human's cognition than specific numerical values. This paper combines the classical TODIM method with the continuous interval-valued linguistic term set to solve multi-criteria group decision-making problems. A distance measure of the continuous interval-valued linguistic term set is developed and then applied to develop a criteria-weighting method. In addition, the consensus level among experts are taken into account and an improved consensus reaching method is introduced to help experts reach an agreement. Subsequently, the framework of the continuous interval-valued linguistic TODIM method is introduced to show how to derive the optimal decision-making result with complicated and precise linguistic assessments in the qualitative situation. A case study concerning the green supplier selection for a food company is provided to verify the feasibility and practicality of the proposed method. Finally, the comparisons with other ranking methods are provided to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method.


Fe2O3-TiO2 coatings were successfully prepared on glass slide substrates using sol-gel method for photocatalytic applications.The phase structure,thermal microstructure and surface properties of coatings were respectively characterized by using X-ray diffractometry(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.Fe2O3TiO2 photocatalyst showed obvious red-shift compared with pure TiO2 by DRS,and absorbance in the visible range of Fe2O3 samples increase with the increase of amount of Fe2O3 loaded.Photocatalytic degradation of Acid Orange II showed that 20wt% Fe2O3 modified TiO2 film was the optimal photocatalyst for degradation.Removal rate of TOC indicated that a lower pH value was beneficial to mineralization of Acid Orange II.


We have developed this project to investigate whether we can use our abilities as filmmakers to obtain a deeper understanding of the contents of an audiovisual archive and to communicate this knowledge to the spectator. At the base of this project is the Islands Archive, set up by the Museum of Zeeland. The museum asked inhabitants of Zeeland to upload a short film about an aspect of or object from/in Zeeland that they would like to be 'remembered forever'. The purpose of this request was to get a gestalt view of the present-day culture of Zeeland. As we watched these (±1000) films, a question was raised: are the subjects filmed by the participants 'remembered' by being added to the archive? Can you glean any knowledge about the present-day culture of Zeeland from it? We want to know if we – as filmmakers using our 'film language', adding 'feeling' to these images – can restructure and (re)visualize the contents of the archive in order to gain a deeper understanding of those contents. To achieve this, we took the films from the Zeeland archive as a base from which to form a new narrative. Some of the found footage will be used as-is, but most will be repurposed around recurring themes. We will adopt 'characters' and settings from other bits of footage. This new narrative will consist of several portraits of inhabitants of Zeeland. Some will be primarily documentary, others will be fiction(alized). Using this methodology, applying techniques of narrative filmmaking, we will try to add what is 'missing' from the original footage, to give the viewer a deeper understanding of what the original filmmakers tried to say and what the archivist tried to collect.  This project is in development. It is due to be released in September 2013.


The article considers social and psychological components of professional readiness of a specialist in the sphere of state management. Such components are defined in the context of a specific material of research. The results indicate the determining influence of the revealed social and psychological complex of the personality of civil servants on the qualities of professionalism.


Using social media to support educational endeavors leverages the benefits of in-person learning communities with the benefits of using technology to support student engagement. This paper explores the use of social media to support economics education student teachers' engagement in teaching practice at an open distance learning institution. Only sixty nine student teachers (n=369) registered for the SDEC00N blog (subject didactics economics), which was a pilot study to use blogging as an educational tool to support them during teaching practice placements for the following academic year. Only Economics education students were invited by e-mail message, blog and discussion forum as announcements on myUnisa webpage to complete an online social media survey (SMS). The intent of this research was to provide some insight into the impact the use of social media can have on the level of student teachers engagement in their learning. The findings indicated that there was a positive correlation between the frequency of student use of social media and their relationship with their peers and instructors as well as how they describe the overall quality of instruction and the preservice teaching practice programme. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n4p370


Land and Building Tax in the Rural and Urban Sector (PBB-P2) is one of the taxes managed by the Regional Government, starting from the administration process to tax collection including the exploration of its potential. Rural and Urban Land and Building Tax is a tax on land and / or buildings that are owned, controlled, and or utilized by individuals or entities, except for areas used for plantations, forestry and mining business activities. The management of land and building taxes is left to regional governments since the enactment of Law Number 28 of 2009 concerning Regional Taxes and regional levies. The purpose of this study was to determine how the land and building tax payment system in Pemalang Regency. The results showed that the effectiveness of the land and building tax payment system in Pemalang Regency was less effective. Factors that have not yet achieved the realization of land and building tax revenue include taxpayers who have not fully reported and deposited the amount that should have been paid in accordance with their tax arrears and it is hoped that public awareness will want to pay Land and Building Tax so that local revenue (PAD) can increase. The research method used in this research is interview, documentation and observation. Where the researchers conducted interviews with several local residents, and provided a questionnaire containing the effectiveness of tax collection in the area.


Existing theories for predicting the creep properties of discontinuous fibre composites with non-creeping fibres from matrix creep properties, originally based on a power law, are extended to include an exponential law, and in principle a general matrix law. An analysis shows that the composite creep curve can be ob tained by a simple displacement of the matrix creep curve in a log a vs. log t diagram. This principle, that each point on the matrix curve has a corresponding point on the composite curve, is given a physical interpretation. The direc tion of displacement is such that the transition from a power law to an exponential law occurs at * lower strain rate for the composite than for the unreinforced matrix. This emphasizes the im portance of the exponential creep range in the creep of fibre composites* The combined use of mmtrix and composite data may allow the creep phenomenon to be studied over a larger range of •train rates than would otherwise be possible. A method for constructing generalized composite creep diagrams is suggested. Creep properties predicted from matrix data by the present analy sis are compared with experimental data from the literature.


The stomatal conductance of leaves for water vapor as a function of the intercellular CO 2 concentration and irradiance intensity and soil moisture was investigated for three species of trees and shrubs at their natural habitats in South America: a seasonal tropical rain-forest, a tropical dry forest, and a savanna of the Campo Cerrado type. The maximum stomatal conductance of the species from humid environments (rain forest and Campo Cerrado) was higher than that of the species from the dry forest. For all three species the stomata closed with increasing intercellular CO 2 concentration. At high levels of intercellular CO 2 the stomata did not close completely if the soil was water saturated and the irradiance was high. At ambient CO 2 concentrations the stomata were not fully open even under favorable light and soil water conditions. Lowering the external CO 2 concentration to values of the last glacial maximum increased the stomatal conductance beyond that for present-day values. The sensitivity of stomatal closure to an intercellular CO 2 increase was fairly similar for the two species from the rain forest and the dry forest, but was higher for the species from the Campo Cerrado.


This article presents the results of environmental stress tests performed on an experimental digital safety channel (EDSC) assembled at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory as part of the Qualification of Advanced Instrumentation and Controls Systems Research program, which was sponsored by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The program is expected to provide recommendations for environmental qualification of digital safety systems. The purpose of the study was to investigate potential vulnerabilities of distributed computer systems used in safety applications when subjected to environmental stressors. The EDSC assembled for the tests employs technologies and digital subsystems representative of those proposed for use in advanced light-water reactors or as retrofits in existing plants. Subsystems include computers, electrical and optical serial communication links, fiber-optic network links, analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, and multiplexers. The EDSC was subjected to selected stressors that are a potential risk to digital equipment in a mild environment. The selected stressors were electromagnetic and radiofrequency interferences (EMI-RFI), temperature, humidity, and smoke exposure. The stressors were applied at levels of intensity considerably higher than the safety channel is likely to experience in a normal nuclear power plant environment. Ranges of stress were selected at a sufficiently high level to induce errors somore » that failure modes that are characteristic of the technologies employed could be identified. On the basis of the incidence of functional errors observed during testing, EMI-RFI, smoke exposure, and high temperature coupled with high relative humidity, in that order, were found to have the greatest impact of the stressors investigated. The most prevalent stressor-induced upsets, as well as the most severe, were found to occur during the EMI-RFI tests.« less


We present an education scenario for the simulation of the "pixel" of a computer screen. The teaching and learning process is implemented as a game problem based scenario related to the "rescue" of an object by the students. We used the Arduino controller and the Ejs and S4A software in order to motivate students to be involved in the computational experiment methodology and the dimensions of the computational thinking (CT). Research is in process for the effectiveness of this scenario to 5th and 6th grade students using a CT questionnaire.


We propose a method using the redshift dependence of the Alcock-Paczynski (AP) test and volume effect to measure the cosmic expansion history. The galaxy two-point correlation function as a function of angle, $\xi(\mu)$, is measured at different redshifts. Assuming an incorrect cosmological model to convert galaxy redshifts to distances, the shape of $\xi(\mu)$ appears anisotropic due to the AP effect, and the amplitude shifted by the change in comoving volume. Due to the redshift dependence of the AP and volume effect, both the shape and amplitude of $\xi(\mu)$ exhibit redshift dependence. Similar to Li et.al (2014), we find the redshift-space distortions (RSD) caused by galaxy peculiar velocities, although significantly distorts $\xi(\mu)$, exhibit much less redshift evolution compared to the AP and volume effects. By focusing on the redshift dependence of $\xi(\mu)$, we can correctly recover the cosmological parameters despite the contamination of RSD. The method is tested by using the Horizon Run 3 N-body simulation, from which we made a series of $1/8$-sky mock surveys having 8 million physically self-bound halos and sampled to have roughly a uniform number density in $z=0-1.5$. We find the AP effect results in tight, unbiased constraints on the density parameter and dark energy equation of state, with 68.3% CL intervals $\delta \Omega_m\sim0.03$ and $\delta w\sim0.1$, and the volume effect leads to much tighter constraints of $\delta \Omega_m\sim0.007$ and $\delta w\sim0.035$.


Abstract Objective: Emerging evidence suggests low vision may be a modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline. We examined effects of baseline visual acuity (VA) on level of, and change in, cognitive test performance over 9 years. Method: A population-based sample of 1,621 participants (average age 77 years) completed a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation and VA testing at baseline and reassessed at nine subsequent annual visits. Linear regression modeled the association between baseline VA and concurrent cognitive test performance. Joint modeling of a longitudinal sub-model and a survival sub-model to adjust for attrition were used to examine associations between baseline VA and repeated cognitive test performance over time. Results: Better baseline VA was associated cross-sectionally with younger age, male sex, greater than high school education, and higher baseline neuropsychological test scores on both vision-dependent (B coefficient range −0.163 to −0.375, p = .006 to <.001) and vision-independent tests (−0.187 to −0.215, p = .003 to .002). In longitudinal modeling, better baseline VA was associated with slower decline in vision-dependent tests (B coefficient range −0.092 to 0.111, p = .005 to <.001) and vision-independent tests (−0.107 to 0.067, p = .007 to <.001). Conclusions: Higher VA is associated with higher concurrent cognitive abilities and slower rates of decline over 9 years in both vision-dependent and vision-independent tests of memory, language, and executive functioning. Findings are consistent with emerging literature supporting vision impairment in aging as a potentially modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline. Clinicians should encourage patient utilization of vision assessment and correction with the added aim of protecting cognition.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a method, an intercommunication gateway, an access point and a system for processing local area network data. The intercommunication gateway comprises a speech processing unit and a mobile management unit, wherein the speech processing unit is used for carrying out call connection establishment control or carrying out call connection establishment controland forwarding service data of mobile speech service among mobile terminals within a local area network and intercommunication speech service among the mobile terminals and fixed terminals within thelocal area network; and the mobile management unit is used for carrying out mobile management and wireless resource management of the mobile terminals within the local area network. The embodiment ofthe invention can solve the problems of long service realization path and complex path processing caused by the fact that in the prior art, the service intercommunication of mobile terminals and fixed terminals within a local area network is realized via the access network and core network of an operator.


Although the Near East has long been a textbook example of pristine agricultural origins, archaeobotanical research in the last decade has transformed our understanding of the processes involved and provides some important guidance and warning for agricultural origins research generally. While older theories tended to assume that the beginnings of cereal exploitation developed as part of a broad spectrum revolution shortly (and inevitably) before the transition to farming, it is now clear that there was a very long prehistory of wild cereal use by seed and nut gathering foragers. The evidence from Ohalo II puts wild wheat and barley use at least 10,000 years before cultivation. Also of particular importance are new archaeobotanical approaches to identifying the initial cultivation through analyses of associated weeds, which indicates that cultivation began significantly, perhaps a millennium or two, before recognizable morphologically domesticated cereals. What is also now becoming clear is that changes in cereal grain size may not be good indicators of domestication in terms of seed dispersal criteria (tough rachis) for all species. Seed size increase in pulses can also now be shown to not be closely linked to initial domestication. In general then, the quantitative increase in archaeobotanical data is showing the origins of crop cultivation to have been a dynamic and multi-stage evolutionary process and not a single simple 'revolution' or 'discovery.' Introduction: The Role of Archaeobotany and its history Much of the agenda for studying the origins of agriculture was set down by the British scholar Gordon Childe in the 1930s, and he was also the first to explore in detail the archaeology of agricultural origins in the Near East. He defined the Neolithic in terms of key changes in technology and society: the inter-relationships between the beginnings of pottery, sedentism, herding and cultivating together with changes in religious belief (Childe 1936). In his day, however, there was little archaeobotanical evidence through which to explore early cultivation. This only began to be gathered, and on a small scale, in the 1950s and 1960s, when scholars such as Maria Hopf and Hans Helbaek, became some of the first archaeobotanists of the Near East. Helbaek may have been the first scholar to outline clearly the expectations for changes with the domestication of wheats and barleys (e.g. Helbaek 1959; 1960; 1969), and the importance of a pre-domestication stage. The first archaeobotanical work was carried out in the context of what can be called a formative scientist-consultant phase of archaeobotany, in that it lacked systematic sampling methods like flotation (see the histories of archaeobotany by Fuller 2002; Weber 2001; also, cf. Warnock 1998). A real change took place with the development and application of water flotation for concentrating charred plant remains from archaeological layers. This was first applied in 1962-1963 at the Koster Site in Illinois, U.S.A. (Struever 1968), and in the Deh Luran plain, Iran, the latter by Helbaek (1969). Also important was the early work W. Van Zeist from the late 1960s. Flotation became more widespread during the 1970s and 1980s on excavations in the Near East. As discussed in Fuller (2002), this precipitated the production much larger archaeobotanical datasets, and necessitated archaeological plant specialists (the professionalization of the archaeobotany). The impact of this can be seen in a consideration of published archaeobotanical reports. Figure 1 charts the growth of archaeobotanical evidence from the Neolithic Near East. What is apparent is the upsurge in evidence from the 1980s onwards, as new sites were published at a faster rate and these were mainly flotation samples. What might be considered a critical mass of floated sites has only become available in the past 10-15 years, and it should not be surprising therefore that our understanding of the processes involved in plant domestication have altered in the past decade. Also important, has been the publication of a number of particularly large datasets and site analyses that have heavily influenced thinking, such as Tell Aswad (Van Ziest and Bakker-Heeres 1986), Abu Hureyra (Hillman 2000), Netiv Hagdud (Kislev 1997), as well as the discovery of early epipalaeolithic Ohalo II (Kislev et al 1992). The last decade has also seen important discoveries in Cyprus (e.g. Peltenburg et al 2000; 2001a; 2001b), which lies outside the zone of potential domestication, and the first applications of the application of multivariate statistical approaches to datasets (e.g. Colledge 1998; 2001). Several of these latter studies have developed explicit concerns over the formation processes of samples and the potential to interpret archaeobotanical evidence as deriving largely from crop-processing waste and therefore representing crops and their weeds. This can be regarded as part of a larger process of archaeobotany becoming "self-critical" (Fuller 2002: 261). Another important development has been the coherent extension of the radiocarbon calibration curve back into the Late Pleistocene, allowing all the dates from this era to be calibrated (Stuiver et al. 1998). Throughout this paper we will use calibrated ages. It should also be noted that these recent advances mean that recent treatments in some Indian textbooks (e.g. Singh 1991; Possehl 1999) are now significantly out-dated. Defining cultivation and domestication: Evolutionary Stages The basis of food production is a direct involvement of humans in the management of the lives and life cycles of certain plant and animal species, termed 'domesticated'. It is the management of these species, over hundreds or thousands of years, that led to the evolutionary changes of domestication. A key distinction must be made between cultivation, which is something that people do, and domestication, which is a quality or set of attributes of a plant (Helbaek 1960; Harlan 1995; Harris 1989; 1996). Cultivation is an activity; domestication is a genetic status, and this has evolved on account of cultivation. Cultivation usually involves soil preparation or tillage, although the earliest forms of cultivation may have simply involved sowing seeds by broadcasting; cultivation may also include adding to soil, such as fertilizing or irrigating. Cultivation is an important change in human strategy as people start to manipulate the soil and the composition of plants ahead of time in order produce yields of particular plants months later on. Domestication, on the other hand, is changes to the plant. In is important to note that the evolution of the domesticated plants is probably unintentional, and is due to what Charles Darwin (1883) called 'unconscious selection' (see also Zohary 1969; Harlan et al 1973; Hillman and Davies 1990a; 1990b). People did not set out to domesticate plants, but to manipulate productivity through cultivation. The new environment created by cultivation causes unintended evolution, and that is domestication. A 'domestication syndrome' can be defined as a set of characters that differ between domesticated crops and their wild ancestors (Harlan et al. 1973; Hawkes 1983; Zohary and Hopf 2000; Gepts 2004). These characters can be related to different aspects of cultivation in terms of what causes them to evolve. It should be noted that the domestication syndrome differs for different kinds of crop-plants. Thus fruit trees and vines are not 'domesticated' in the same was as grains crops such as cereals and pulses. For grain crops, the domestication syndrome usually includes: 1. Elimination/ reduction of natural seed dispersal, e.g. non-shattering rachis in cereals , non-dehiscent pod in pulses. This is often regarded as the single most important domestication trait. It makes a species dependent upon the human farmer for survival. It means that instead of shedding seeds when they are mature, a plant retains them. Instead those seeds must be separated by processing (threshing), i.e. by the addition of human labour, and then the seeds are dispersed by the farmer. This trait can only evolve under conditions of particular kinds of intensive harvesting that favour plants that retain their seeds, followed by sowing from the harvested seeds. All forms of cultivation will not select for this trait. 2. Reduction in seed dispersal aids. This is connected to the previous feature but is selected in a different way. Plants often have a range of structures that aid seed dispersal, this includes hairs, barbs, awns and the even the general shape of the spikelet in grasses. Thus domesticated wheat spikelets are less hairy, have shorter or no awns and are plump whereas in the wild they are heavily hairs, barbed and aerodynamic in shape. All of these tend be greatly reduced in the domesticated form. This can be considered to have come about by the removal of natural selection for effective dispersal, and once removed metabolic 'expenditure' on these structures is reduced. 3. Trend towards increasing seed/fruit size. This is likely to be selected for by open environments, and deep burial and disturbed soils. Comparative studies, for example between related species, show that larger seeds germinate more quickly and effectively than smaller seeds, and thus this should be selected for by tillage and cultivation generally. 4. Loss of germination inhibition. In the wild many seeds will only germinate after certain conditions have passed, conditions of day-length, temperature, or after the seedcoat is physically damaged. Crops tend to germinate as soon as they are wet and planted. This change is often signalled by changes in the seed, such as thinner seedcoats. This is also selected simply by cultivation, and sowing from harvested yield, since those seeds that do not readily germinate will not contribute to the harvest and the next planted generation. 5. Synchronous tillering and ripening, sometimes including


A pure TRIP‐steel alloy and a novel zirconia reinforced TRIP‐steel matrix composite were implemented in a 2D square‐celled honeycomb structure fabricated by a paste extrusion method, respectively. In terms of a series of compression tests in out‐of‐plane loading direction the buckling and the pronounced strain hardening behavior of the honeycomb structures are described with regard to different material compositions and varied nominal strain rates. Both the compressive flow behavior and the microstructure evolution in the crushed zones are controlled by the rate of formation of strain‐induced martensite and the ceramic particle/steel matrix interactions. The insertion of magnesia partially‐stabilized zirconia (Mg‐PSZ) particles in the austenitic steel matrix cause an increased yield strength and higher compression stresses up to certain deformations degrees. The limited ductility of the composite materials is a consequence of the rearrangement and fracture of zirconia particles initiating cracks and shear bands during deformation. Consistently, the visible strain rate effects on the mechanical responses of the honeycomb structures are similar to AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel specimens in the form of compact rods. However, at high local strain rates generated in drop weight impact tests a micro‐inertia factor support the failure behavior of the cellular structures.


The objective of pavement management is to maintain or improve the condition of the pavement network and to maximize the performance of the network while keeping the costs to a minimum. Project 0-4186 was executed to develop a comprehensive plan to guide the cradle-to-grave monitoring and management of pavements so that adequate and accurate data can be made available to enhance pavement management and other activities related to the better engineering of pavements in Texas. The research was conducted as a joint effort between the Center for Transportation Research (CTR) at the University of Texas at Austin and the Texas Transportation Institute (TTI). Research Report 0-4186-3 provides the details of the comprehensive plan developed under Project 0-4186.


According to the observational data from the Yunnan Regional Seismic Network, we inversed the 3-D velocity structure along the Lancangjiang Basin area using about 25000 P-wave and S-wave waveforms of more than 3600 earthquakes recorded by 40 seismic stations around the area on the basis of tomography theory. The results indicate that the velocity anomaly distribution in the upper crust is related to the geological faults on the surface. Taking the Lancangjiang fault as boundary, most of the areas in the west show negative velocity anomaly and have a disturbance value between -2.0% and -4.0%; While in the east of the fault appears a positive velocity anomaly. On the 30-km-deep profile, a negative velocity anomaly belt striking near NE appears on the southwestern side of the Lancangjiang Basin, which is probably related to the Nantinghe deep fault. The same way, on the 45- and 65-km-deep profiles also appear the negative velocity anomalies related to the Lancangjiang and Honghe faults. Furthermore, the velocity anomalies in the north and south segments of the Lancangjiang fault are different. As a whole, the negative anomaly appears in the north segment and the positive one does in the south. The low velocity anomaly appears in the Tengchong volcano geoheat area from the surface to the mantle, indicating the heating materials have joined in the activity of the Tengchong volcanoes. The 3-D velocity anomaly distribution of the tomography in the studying area reveals some characteristics of the earth's interior state along the Lancangjiang Basin, which provides the deep background of the earth's interior structures for the mechanism of the reservoir induced earthquake of the key series of power stations along the Lancangjiang Basin and earthquake forecast.


Abstract In recent years, due to the rise of labor costs, the RMB has appreciated. The government encourages private enterprise to make foreign investment. Increasingly, private enterprises in Zhejiang start to develop through foreign direct investment (FDI). This study finds that major FDI modes of the private enterprises from Zhejiang include: the establishment of overseas processing bases, international marketing network, international R&D institutions, overseas acquisition, and cluster FDI. By means of leadership, differentiation, and cluster FDI strategy, the private enterprises become engaged in local production network, innovation, and social development. These realized economic sustainable development and enhanced global competitiveness.


Most psychologists are working in a consultancy capacity to facilitate improvement in individual and organisational performance. The skills of the consultant are an integral part of the applied psychologist's work. This article provides some guidelines for action.


ABSTRACT This study investigates the impact of a professional development programme for teachers that encourages more cognitively challenging, practical, and interactive science lessons. Using a Randomised Controlled Trial, its impact was measured by pupil learning outcomes. Pupils aged 9–10 at 42 primary (elementary) schools in Oxfordshire (England) were randomised to receive either the 'Thinking, Doing, Talking Science' (TDTS) programme, or to be in the business-as-usual control group. Two teachers per school attended five training days over the school year. These were designed to enhance their skills in providing conceptual challenge and improving pupils' higher order thinking by facilitating more discussion, more practical work and less (but more focused) writing in science lessons. The main outcome measure was an age-appropriate pencil-and-paper science test covering a range of topics and question types. Pupils also completed attitude surveys. Analysis of the scores for the 1264 pupils who took the pre- and post-tests shows this low-cost intervention had a statistically significant effect on attainment, with an effect size of +0.22. The impact was stronger among girls and slightly stronger among those with lower prior science attainment. Data from 1189 pupil surveys suggested that TDTS had also improved their attitudes to science.


The article is devoted to the issue of innovations in tourism. The authors considered the term "innovation" in the context of the tourism industry. As an example of innovation in tourism the psychological description of tourism is proposed. Psychological tourism is a new phenomenon in the realities of tourism industry, not described in scientific literature. The article presented a description of the introduction of the psycho tour in the registry of travel services of the "Time Travel" company. To illustrate that the authors presented psycho tour "Know and understand yourself".


The workers have been always poisoned and suffocated during the process of exploring opening construction,for the purpose of avoiding repetition of similar accidences to guide the safe operation,the authors analyze and sum up several accidences as case study,which is to further propose that accidence is caused by worker performing against regulation,slack the vigilance,or lack of safety inspection and supervision.Finally in the paper,the predictive measures for controlling the accidence are put forward.


Inv i t ed Talks. The first invited talk by H. V. Jagadish was t i t led "Incompleteness in Data Mining". The main claim made by Jagadish was tha t techniques tha t can find SOME interesting pat terns cheaply are much more valuable than an exhaustive enumeration of ALL patterns, which can be extremely expensive. Further, knowledge discovery is most effective when the human analyst is involved in the endeavor. For this, da t a mining techniques need to be interactive, delivering real-time responses and feedback, which is only possible with incomplete and approximate answers. The case for incompleteness was made using the notion of fascicles, which are subsets having very similar values for many attributes. Jagadish 's experience was tha t randomized algor i thms for finding fascicles were as effective as exhaustive algorithms. Jagadish concluded his talk b y listing the following four desiderata for frameworks tha t permit incompleteness to be exploited: (1) Tunability or the abil i ty to specify the degree of incompleteness, (2) Incrementality or the abili ty to exploit previous computat ions in subsequent iterations, (3) Focusing or the abili ty to incorporate nserspecified constraints into the computation, and (4) Quality loss guarantees or the abili ty to quantify analytically the loss of quality corresponding to a chosen degree of incomplete-


The purpose of this study identifies the effect of perceived psychological contract fulfillment on job satisfaction and loyalty according to the employment type Psychological contract in employment refer to "an individual"s beliefs regarding the terms and conditions of a reciprocal exchange agreement between that focal person and another party. To achieve a purpose of this study, it builded up a model research and a hypothesis, and then examined the hypothesis. To perform this empirical study, the date for statistical was collected from 219 employees of 12 hotel through a self reporting questionnaire. The results are summarized as follows. First, perceived psychological contract has positive effect on job satisfaction. Second, perceived psychological contract has positive effect on loyalty. Third, the types of employment type does moderate the relationship between perceived psychological contract and job satisfaction, loyalty. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.


The aim of this study is to examine the videostyle of televised political advertising in Korea. The study explores how candidates` political backgrounds and strategies are represented through the videostyle of televised political advertising. To do so, it covers five presidential elections in South Korea (1992-2012). Each political spot is categorized into two types of political advertising (issue vs. image) and the two major parties of South Korea (conservative vs. liberal). According to the findings of this study, differences in verbal/nonverbal production technique components exist between the two types of advertising. In terms of comparison, we find that the conservative party and the liberal party used different nonverbal components, but the two parties used similar verbal and production technique components in presidential election advertising.


The operation sate of No.4 catalyze set was analyzed.The situation about the destroy of high speed shaft and shaft tile on geer wheel were introduced,and the causation was explaired.The reliable repair technology plan of geer was ensured combining the actual production.The technology of fuse and apply to face by laser light was applied,which ensures the reliability of equipment operation.


We motivate and analyse a new Tree Search algorithm, GPTS, based on recent theoretical advances in the use of Gaussian Processes for Bandit problems. We consider tree paths as arms and we assume the target/reward function is drawn from a GP distribution. The posterior mean and variance, after observing data, are used to define confidence intervals for the function values, and we sequentially play arms with highest upper confidence bounds. We give an efficient implementation of GPTS and we adapt previous regret bounds by determining the decay rate of the eigenvalues of the kernel matrix on the whole set of tree paths. We consider two kernels in the feature space of binary vectors indexed by the nodes of the tree: linear and Gaussian. The regret grows in square root of the number of iterations T, up to a logarithmic factor, with a constant that improves with bigger Gaussian kernel widths. We focus on practical values of T, smaller than the number of arms. Finally, we apply GPTS to Open Loop Planning in discounted Markov Decision Processes by modelling the reward as a discounted sum of independent Gaussian Processes. We report similar regret bounds to those of the OLOP algorithm.


This paper presents the Author system for designing and delivering interactive and multimediabased learning lessons. The system is designed as a generic tool for building learning contents and as a multi-platform content delivery tool. Every web application is considered to be a widget that can be imported into the system and then made collaborative. By specifying collaboration attributes such widgets are empowered with synchronous collaborative support to be used in and out of the classroom, depending on the devices available to students and the teachers. The paper presents the system design, two collaborative widgets for synchronous math learning in pairs and triplets and the initial experiences in deploying and using the system in early primary school settings.


The 2 Sigma 12/+(7s) to 2 Sigma 12/+(6s) emission band of CsXe is analysed through quantum spectral simulations. The analysis yields an excited potential having omega e=30 cm-1 and De=820 cm-1. The undulatory structure in this spectrum is not directly relatable to the vibrational spacing in the excited state, rather it is characteristic of nearly parallel upper and lower potential curves.


The purpose of this project is to deliver fast and collaborative image processing to the biology laboratory bench. This will be achieved in the context of spatial data mapping, reconstruction, analysis and database query by developing GRID-enabled tools based on the existing tools developed as part of the Mouse Atlas Program at the MRC Human Genetics Unit. The Mouse Atlas Program at the MRC Human Genetics Unit in Edinburgh has developed a spatio-temporal framework for mapping spatially organised data in the developing mouse embryo. The Mouse Atlas (EMAP) which includes anatomy ontology of the developing embryo and a gene-expression database for spatially mapped data (EMAGE) are part of this program. The program has also delivered a large body of software and user interfaces for individual use for data mapping, analysis, database query and 3D visualisation. The primary goal of this project is to extend these software tools to allow secure and efficient collaborative work at all levels using the GRID. The new developed tools will facilitate collaborative development of the underlying spatio-temporal framework. The spatial mapping of the data into the standard frame work or other images involves non-linear warp transformations which are generally compute intensive. The GRID will be used to provide high-performance computing and secure communication for mapping of the data. The reconstruction tools developed in the Mouse Atlas Project include automatic alignment, sectioning distortions removal, automatic matching of 2D sections onto a 3D template and user interfaces to manipulate grey-scale transformations and image properties.


The invention provides an intelligent router hotspot video distribution method which includes the steps that the probability that videos in various channels become hotpot videos is predicted through the playing amount of the videos in a period of time, or price change events of the videos or whether the videos are videos of famous persons or not; according to the predicted hotspot video probability in the hotspot video predicting step, a number of hotspot videos to be pushed are fused; in the low bandwidth cost time frame of all regions, the hotspot videos to be pushed are pushed to intelligent routers of all the regions in advance; users in the regions initiate the video-on-demand step to intelligent servers to obtain the required videos. Accordingly, by means of the method, the hotspot videos to be played can be predicted and are distributed in the low bandwidth cost time frame in advance, the predicting efficiency is improved as much as possible, the network playing cost is reduced, and the video playing quality is improved.


Active control of flexural power flow in infinite and semi‐infinite thin elastic beams by point force inputs is analytically studied. Various forms of terminating impedances or discontinuities positioned on the beam are also considered. The influence of system parameters such as the discontinuity impedance and effects such as bending nearfield generation on the location and number of control actuators and error sensors is investigated and discussed. The mechanisms by which control is achieved are considered. It is demonstrated that these types of boundary conditions strongly influence the choice of optimal controller format. For example, if the error signal only contains information from the propagating wave component, then only one control actuator is needed for complete attenuation of flexural power flow. Finally, preliminary results of a companion experimental investigation will be discussed and compared with the theoretical developments. [Work supported by NASA Langley Research Center.]Active control of flexural power flow in infinite and semi‐infinite thin elastic beams by point force inputs is analytically studied. Various forms of terminating impedances or discontinuities positioned on the beam are also considered. The influence of system parameters such as the discontinuity impedance and effects such as bending nearfield generation on the location and number of control actuators and error sensors is investigated and discussed. The mechanisms by which control is achieved are considered. It is demonstrated that these types of boundary conditions strongly influence the choice of optimal controller format. For example, if the error signal only contains information from the propagating wave component, then only one control actuator is needed for complete attenuation of flexural power flow. Finally, preliminary results of a companion experimental investigation will be discussed and compared with the theoretical developments. [Work supported by NASA Langley Research Center.]


As academic library services have transformed to include wide-ranging digital scholarship services, the role of subject liaisons collaborating with instructional faculty has similarly changed to include new teaching opportunities. Beyond traditional issues of information discovery and evaluation, librarians are involved in teaching digital literacy and scholarly communications outcomes. In the digital humanities (DH) this includes instruction in areas such as text mining, GIS, and the creation of digital archives and multimodal web publications. This paper presents the processes and outcomes of a DH teaching collaboration involving a subject liaison and the instructor for a course on The History of Children's Literature. Students in the course produced a multimodal publication on the platform Scalar related to issues of diversity and inclusion in the history of children's books. This partnership took place in the context of a professional master's degree program in Library and Information Science (LIS) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Like many LIS programs, the one at Illinois has a significant distance student population. Several features of the work on this class, then, are unique in relation to other DH pedagogy contexts. First, the students are themselves information professionals in training, and the learning outcomes include not only learning DH approaches and skillsets but reflection on how they might engage with DH or digital publishing projects in general as a librarian, archivist, museum curator, or other information professional. Second, distance learning poses challenges for learning in the digital humanities due to the lack of an opportunity for an in person "lab" to learn technology. We, the librarian and instructor partnering on the course, highlight challenges and support mechanisms for teaching digital tools at a distance. We will discuss features of the collaboration and course design: the digital literacy learning outcomes, the choice of the multi-media publishing platform Scalar as the best fit for those outcomes, and their design of the assignment sequence to achieve learning outcomes and assess student learning. We analyze the student outcomes and experience of teaching this course in order to suggest important lessons for librarian-instructor collaborations on digital humanities projects in disciplinary courses and in a distance context. Moreover, these lessons have important implications for the involvement of subject liaisons in digital humanities roles, and also for the education of new information professionals and reskilling of existing professionals to do this work and support the broader transformation of academic library involvement in digital humanities work.