The major challenge of current Strapdown Inertial Naviagtion System/Celestial Navigation System (SINS/CNS) integrated systems is navigation accuracy degradation due to the failure to accurately estimate the accelerometer bias even when using stellar refraction information (e.g. the number of refraction stars is less than three). To solve this problem, this paper presents a new method for improving the accuracy of the traditional inertial-based integrated systems installed on ballistic vehicles. In an analogy with nonholonomic constraints in land navigation, this algorithm exploits the constraints that govern the motion of a ballistic vehicle in the free flight phase to obtain accelerometer bias observations. Improvements in dynamic equations are used to reduce the propagation of navigation errors, and high-rate virtual constraints are used to reduce the impact of bias errors. An information filter is devised to fuse the multi-rate observations from multiple sources, i.e. SINS, CNS and model constraints. The proposed method is also evaluated by long-range ballistic vehicle navigation simulations. The results indicate that the proposed constrained algorithm can address the degradation problem with remarkable accuracy improvements without adding extra sensors, enhancing the SINS-based navigation performance for ballistic applications.


Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is an old disease (Diabetes) in China (over two thousand years) but modern epidemics in western medicines (approximately 100 years). Despite some DM treatment advances, causality, pathogenesis and therapeutics of diabetes is currently too complicated to be easily managed in the clinic. Disease complications (cardiovascular symptoms, vision impairments, nephropathies, chronic leg infections and so on) are more fatal than anti-diabetic control. More importantly, different doctors and pharmaceutical companies often hold different views on DM treatments. To systematically compare between different forms of anti-diabetic therapeutics, new ideas, drug development pipelines, experimental/clinical model establishments and possible future directions are highlighted in this mini-review.


1. Introduction Accurate centre-of-mass corrections for geodetic spherical satellites are expected to contribute to accurate determination of the scale of the earth, i.e., the scale of terrestrial reference frame and


At present, there are many researches on deep neural network (DNN) applied in life. In the task of object recognition, deep convolutional neural network (CNN) has a good performance, but it relies on GPU to solve a large number of complex operations. Thus the hardware accelerator of DNN is concerned by many people. In order to implement the DNN model on hardware, complex connection relationship and memory usage scheduling are needed. This paper presnets the design of FPGA-based accelerator for DNN. The proposed architecture is implemented on Xilinx Zynq-7020 FPGA. It takes the advantages of low latency and low usage in the task of MNIST digital identification, and keeps the 96 % recognition rate.


Parental involvement in their children's schooling is in recognition that establishing the context in which a child attends school is important. Reading to Learn (RtL)was implemented in two districts of Kwale and Kinango in Kenya and of Amolatar and Dokolo in Uganda. This paper looks at parental involvement and their experiences with RtL. Data are obtained from survey responses at baseline and focus group discussions with parents at endline. Findings indicate that parents are key actors in literacy and numeracy of their children. The study underscores the role of parents and context in literacy activities and policy implementation.


PWE3 is a L2VPN protocol defined for traditional service,which is based on emulation of Packet Switching Network(PSN),such as IP or Multi-Protocol Label Switching(MPLS) network.With PWE3,it is easy to share network resource and to combine traditional network with PSN.This paper mainly describes the LDP signaling protocol and encapsulation techniques for establishing MS-PWs between a pair of terminating PEs.


The fire hazard of pressurized-water reactor and the transformation relationship between fire and nuclear accident are analyzed in this paper. The fundamental principles which should be followed by fire forces are summarized when the nuclear power plant fire accidents are deal with, several problems are put forward in fire fighting activities as well.


Based on actual measurement results of the power consumed by laptop wireless network interface card under various working modes, an energy consumption model is proposed. How to realize it in GloMoSim is also introduced. This model can be widely used in researches on node energy consumption in ad hoc networks. With the new model, simulation results on IEEE 802.11 protocol with power saving mode show that when there are many flows in the network and the traffic load is rather heavy, this protocol cannot save energy and needs further improvements.


Abstract : This report contains all system documentation for four regional forecasting models (Europe, Middle East, Latin America, and Africa).


Purpose: The current study aims at examining the reality of bank credit, analyzing, and estimating investment and public spending in Iraq. The research also aims at showing the impact of bank credit on investment and public spending in Iraq.
Theoretical framework: Bank credit has an instrumental and effective part in financing most economic activities, which contributes to revitalizing the national economy by organizing and developing short, medium and long-term financing mechanisms. As for investment and public spending, they reflect the development of the economy and the extent of financial and monetary stability that the country has.
Methodology: For reaching the research methodology, the inductive approach was adopted to study the total facts through formulating economic analysis descriptively by using modern standard tools in economic analysis to show the impact of bank credit on investment and public spending.
Finding: It was concluded that bank credit has a key role, especially in financing investment projects that require great funds in order to create a favorable climate for investment. The relationship between bank credit and investment is a direct relationship.
Research, scientific and social implications: The study identifies investment financing and public spending and how bank credit can meet this financing through the bank strategies. The study also determines which of the two variables, investment and public spending, is most affected by bank credit.


In this study we analyze the farmers' perception towards adoption of mechanization better
productivity in farming. Over the last decade, it has become clear that globalization plays a key role in
transforming food consumption patterns in Indian households. In modern practices in agriculture, the author seeks
to focus on factors that influence farmers' intentions for organic farming as sustainable practices. The components
considered are farmer attitudes, government support, subjective norms and perceived controls, identified and
evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis, which is a speculative method, resulting in attitudes and
government. It became clear that the support of the government had a great influence on the intention, and finally
the support of the government was a positively influential attitude for organic agriculture.


Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of the mandibular Protraction appliance in the treatment of class Ⅱ malocclusion.Methods:Thirteen class Ⅱ patients (aged 10~13 years,male 6,femal 7) with mandible retrusion and slight maxillary protrusion were included.Radiographs of the left hand and wrist showed the patients were at the pubertal or pre pubertal stage.All the patients were treated with the mandibular protraction appliance.Resalts:The duration of treatment was 5.6 months on average.SNB increased,ANB decreased,ANS-Me and Go-Co increased.Which showed sygnificant difference by statistical analysis.Conclusions:The obvious skeletal change can be achieved with the mandibular protraction applicance treatment in early class Ⅱ malocclusion. [


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a sheet for forming a semiconductor wafer-protective film capable of forming the protective film excellent in flatness and rupture (or cutting) resistance, and to provide an adhesive composition capable of realizing such protective films and sheets. SOLUTION: The adhesive composition includes: (A) a phenoxy resin; (B) an epoxy resin; (C) an aminosiloxane with a weight-average molecular weight of 2,000 or lower; (D) an epoxy resin-curing catalyst; (E) an inorganic filler; and (F) a polar solvent with a boiling point of 80-180°C and a surface tension at 25°C of 20-30 dyne/cm; in predetermined amounts, respectively. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT


"A new concept, adaptive system use (ASU), is conceptualized as a user's revisions of which and how system features are used." (Sun, 2012, p. 453). Sun (2012) conceptualized, tested empirically, and validated this new concept for the first time. We conducted a methodological replication of Sun's (2012) work. We show that his study on ASU can be successfully replicated under similar contextual conditions. While our research is a first step towards understanding ASU in more detail, further replications in the search for new potential moderators and the applicability of ASU in different contextual conditions are necessary. Additional replications further the generalizability of the ASU model and its triggers.


The invention discloses a current controlling method of a three-phase four-quadrant rectifier, comprising the following steps of: controlling and calculating current amplitude by adopting voltage closed-loop control and a simple PI voltage regulator; and controlling current phase by adopting alternating current of the rectifier to track a given value of the alternating current. Feedback current follows the change of predicted current by taking the predicted current as a target and actual current can track instruction current within a switch period; in addition, since a control period is fixed, the switching frequency of a device is fixed. In the method, since current of next period can be predicted and controlled by adopting the PI voltage regulator and the current amplitude can be acquired a period ahead, the response of the current amplitude is very fast without any delay. The power factor of the three-phase four-quadrant rectifier is more than 0.9969 which is far more than that of a general four-quadrant rectifier, which is about 0.97.


The main objective of vulnerability analysis is to understand the extent to which the system is susceptible
to the sustaining damage from climate change. The analysis was carried out based on the different sets
of socio-economic variables using the standard IPCC methodology. The northeastern region of Thailand
is highly vulnerable compared to the other regions. Further, the provincial vulnerability mapping for the
northeastern region was also undertaken. This study was done as a precursor to the micro/household
analysis on exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity.


The probabilistic model of the random variation in drain current of the nanometer multiple input floating-gate MOSFET (MIFGMOSFET) has been proposed in this research. The modeling process has taken the major physical level causes of random variations e.g. random dopant fluctuation and line edge roughness etc., into account. The proposed model have been found to be very accurate since it can fit the probabilistic distributions of normalized random drain current variations of the candidate MIFGMOSFET obtained by using the 90 nm SPICE BSIM4 based Monte-Carlo simulation with 99% confidence.


Oral nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are prescribed for heterotopic ossification prophylaxis following at‐risk injuries and procedures. We hypothesized that NSAIDs may be delivered locally in a wound for heterotopic ossification prophylaxis. In in vitro work, we cultured osteoblasts with three commercially available NSAIDs and then measured cell viability and DNA content. Indomethacin caused a 50% decrease in DNA at the lowest dose (0.0001 mM) and the most potent decrease in cell viability (<10% of control at 0.0005 mM). Ketorolac and ibuprofen required 10 times the dose to achieve a comparable decrease (<20% of control at 0.005 mM). In an animal study, 20 rats per treatment group received a full‐thickness wound dressed with either saline‐moistened gauze, saline‐moistened chitosan sponge, or chitosan sponge loaded with indomethacin. After 28 days, we examined the tissue for healing. Wounds exposed to indomethacin loaded sponges demonstrated fewer inflammatory cells. All 20 rats in the indomethacin group had complete epithelial coverage at 28 days. Eighteen (90%) wounds in the saline‐chitosan group and 11 (55%) wounds in the saline‐gauze group were healed. Locally delivered NSAIDs may be useful for heterotopic ossification prophylaxis due to effects on osteoblast viability and lack of negative effects on wound healing.


The Soviet Union and the Communist International had an adverse influence on the Latin American workers' movement, continually diverting it fighting for a  emocratic socialist society. They subordinated the workers' movements to the interests of the Soviet Union's ruling class, the Communist bureaucracy. At one  oment, they led the workers' movement in disastrous uprisings, while in a subsequent era they encouraged it to build alliances with capitalist and imperialist power.


We present a variation on an existing model reduction algorithm for linear systems based on balanced proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). In contrast to many computational approaches to balanced truncation, the algorithm variation approximates the reduced order model directly without first transforming the linear system. The algorithm is applicable to large-scale finite dimensional systems and a class of infinite dimensional systems. The algorithm variation is compared to the original balanced POD algorithm on example partial differential equation systems.


The phagocytosis of neutrophils and serum lysozyme activity were investigated in carp experimentally infected with Pseudomonas alcaligenes and Aeromonas punctata. The total leucocyte numbers, relative leucocyte counts, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction, NBT test rate, lysozyme activity and lysozyme index were examined on days 7, 14 and 21 after injection. On days 7 and 14 there was a significant increase in total leucocyte numbers and serum lysozyme activity, but a decrease in the NBT test rate and lysozyme index. NBT reduction was unchanged compared with the control group. On day 21 the total leucocyte numbers and lysozyme activity had declined and were less than control values, but there was a significant increase of the NBT test rate, NBT reduction and lysozyme index.


Extended Abstract Salvianic acid A (SAA, 3-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid), as the main bioactive component of traditional Chinese herb Salvia miltiorrhiza, has important application value in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases . Traditionally, SAA was mainly isolated from dried root of S. miltiorrhiza by a water-extraction process. However, the amount of SAA in crude root is very low (0.045%), which restricted its large-scale applications. Although several chemical methods for SAA synthesis have been developed, these methods also suffered from intractable enantioselectivities, complicated procedure, and environmental pollution . Therefore, developing efficient and eco-friendly methods for SAA production was highly desirable. In this study, a two-step biocatalytic cascade reaction to produce SAA from inexpensive L-dopa with high efficiency by using whole-cell biocatalysts was developed. In the first step, the recombinant Escherichia coli cells expressing mL-AAD from Proteus vulgaris (BL21(DE3)-pET-28a-mlaad) were employed to deaminize L-dopa to form 3,4dihydroxyphenylalanine (DHPPA). Subsequently, the permeabilized recombinant E. coli cells co-expression of d-lactate dehydrogenase (d-LDH) from Pediococcus acidilactici and FDH from Mycobacterium vaccae N10 (NADH regeneration system) (BL21(DE3)-pETDuet-pddh-fdh) were used to convert DHPPA in the raw reaction solution to SAA. Results: (1) The effect of bioconversion conditions for BL21(DE3)-pET-28a-mlaad to convert L-dopa to DHPPA were evaluated firstly. The optimal conditions for the deamination reaction were as follows: 0.42 g/L cell biomass, 50 mM Ldopa, 37 °C, pH 7.5 and 160 min (operation time). (2) To overcome the permeability barrier of cell envelope to substrates and products, the hexane-permeabilized BL21(DE3)-pETDuet-pddh-fdh was used to convert DHPPA to SAA. The optimal pH and temperature for the reaction were 6.0 and 30 °C, respectively. (3) Two-step catalytic synthesis of SAA from L-dopa: DHPPA was prepared with BL21(DE3)-pET-28a-mlaad under the optimum deamination conditions described above, and 48.6 mM DHPPA was obtained from 50 mM L-dopa. Next, the recombinant BL21(DE3)-pET-28a-mlaad cells were removed from the reaction solution by centrifugation, 100 mM sodium formate were added and the reaction pH value was adjusted to 5.5. Then 0.31-0.93 mg/mL permeabilized BL21(DE3)-pETDuet-pddh-fdh were added to the reaction solution to start the conversion of DHPPA to SAA. The yields of SAA from DHPPA in our experimental ranges could all reach more than 97.7%, and the SAA production rate was accelerated with increasing cell concentration. When cell concentration above 0.62 mg/mL, DHPPA could almost be converted to SAA in 4.5 h. In case of 0.31 mg/mL cell concentration, SAA production rate from DHPPA could over 97.7% after 5.5 h. Overall, in our developed a two-step biotransformation process, L-dopa was efficiently deaminized to DHPPA with a high yield of 97.7 % in mL-AAD bioconversion, then DHPPA was effectively converted to SAA by the permeabilized recombinant E. coli cells co-expression of d-LDH and FDH. The total yield of SAA from L-dopa could reach approximately 96.5% by the two-step biocatalytic reaction in the optimum reaction conditions. Therefore, the methods developed herein provided excellent production efficiency and reflected good industrial application prospects.


An Ultraviolet (UV) in-line Fraunhofer holography diagnostic has been developed for making high-resolution spatial measurements of ejecta particles traveling at many mm/μsec. This report will discuss the development of the diagnostic including the high-powered laser system and high-resolution optical relay system. In addition, the system required to reconstruct the images from the hologram and the corresponding analysis of those images to extract particles will also be described. Finally, results from six high-explosive (HE), shock-driven Sn ejecta experiments will be presented. Particle size distributions will be shown that cover most of the ejecta velocities for experiments conducted in a vacuum, and helium gas environments. In addition, a modification has been made to the laser system that produces two laser pulses separated by 6.8 ns. This double-pulsed capability allows a superposition of two holograms to be acquired at two different times, thus allowing ejecta velocities to be measured directly. Results from this double pulsed experiment will be described.


A series of nonlinear computations of tearing-mode development have been performed which achieve higher values of the magnetic Reynolds number and larger wavelengths than previously considered. A prime candidate for the realization of dynamic reconnection is the resistive magnetic tearing mode, a spontaneous instability of a stressed magnetic field. Typical simulations are described for a magnetic Lundquist number S of 10 to the 4th and wavelength parameters alpha from 0.05 to 0.5. In all cases, the nonlinear mode initially evolves at the linear growth rate, followed by a period of reduced growth. Another common feature is the formation of secondary flow vortices, near the tearing surface, which are opposite in direction to the initial linear vortices.


Writing has been identified as an important skill for engineers. While faculty generally agree that writing should be included in the engineering curriculum, there are many barriers that may discourage them from bringing writing into their classes. Through development and deployment of a survey, the authors investigated instructor perceptions of writing in engineering. More specifically, this paper reports results from a survey (n=53 responses) administered to instructors in the College of Engineering at Purdue University, a large doctoral university with very high research activity in the Midwestern United States. The survey first asked respondents to report on the extent to which they incorporate writing in one of their recent undergraduate courses, including types of assignments and use of related tools and practices. A second major section of the survey probed instructor perceptions of student writing skills, while also asking about reasons for – and challenges associated with – incorporating writing in engineering classes. The final parts of the survey ask respondents to identify specific resources that might help them expand inclusion of writing in their courses, followed by a series of demographic questions to better characterize the participant population. Most generally, the survey results suggest that faculty recognize the need for and importance of writing in engineering, which is in part reflected in their own courses. However, they continue to perceive challenges associated with including writing in engineering courses, with a particular emphasis on various resource constraints. The paper concludes with a brief overview of next steps, including plans for developing supporting resources for faculty and students and collecting survey data from multiple institutions.


Mixed reality environments allow collaborative interaction with shared virtual objects to extend beyond participants wearing head mounted displays. Teams of collaborators can now share perspectives within a virtual space, and share their experiences with others through the use of green screens and realtime camera mixing. Our work proposes to explore commodity-based mixed reality as a personalizable persuasive technology. Specifically, our case studies are designed to study heightened connectedness to environmental and societal changes in Western Canada. By allowing participants to share their personal experience of history and the environment interactively through a series of small shifts in perspective, we hope to better empower individuals to act on global issues.


With an aim at a gravity dam in Yunnan,a seismic numerical analysis model by use of ADINA soft ware is established on the basis of the dynamic fluid-structure coupling theory and the additional mass method,and the self-vibration frequency and the seismic response of the dam structure are analysed.The results indicate that self-vibration frequencies of two models are approximately the same and the seismic response with additional mass is larger than corresponding result with the fluid-structure coupling.Therefore,in the gravity dam seismic research the method using fluid-structure coupling and considering effect of water is more adaptive to practical project.


Over the last few decades, the Internet has brought about a myriad of benefits to almost every aspect of our daily lives. However, malware attacks have also widely proliferated, mainly aiming at legitimate network users, resulting in millions of dollars in damages if proper protection and response measures are not settled and enforced. In this context, the paper at hand proposes MalSEIRS, a novel dynamic model, to predict malware distribution in a network based on the SEIRS epidemiological model. As a result, the time-dependent rates of infection, recovery, and loss of immunity enable us to capture the complex dynamism of malware spreading behavior, which is influenced by a variety of external circumstances. In addition, we describe both offensive and defensive techniques, based on the proposed MalSEIRS model, through extensive experimentation, as well as disclosing real-life malware campaigns that can be better understood by using the suggested model.


Rule of virtue is a method of controlling and evaluating the behavior of so cial members by morality in human soc iety,which can be realized mainly by these appro aches:model demonstration,moral e tiquette,teaching activity,makin g domestic regula-tion and ancestral rule,public opin ion on goodness or badness.The rule o f virtue only based on democracy is tr ue which has no inevitable connection with the rule by man.The p eople is main body of country adminis tration,training the people by mora lity as to improve the people' scapacity is the premise of country a dministration.It can be summarized as:beautifying morality,considering the people as basement,correcting behavior,adopting wise policy,selecting the official is one of the main bodies of mora l activity in society,stressing on training official by virtue to str engthen theoretical level and practice ability,developing personalit y charm is also the necessary premise of administrating a country.The establishment of socialism with Chinese characteristics call foradministration by law and consolidation by morality which aims to make our count ry a modern socialism nation with civ ilization,democracy and prosperit y as soon as possible.


Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), particularly those who develop end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), are at high risk for premature death.1 Kidney transplantation improves mortality and quality of life over dialysis, even among diabetic patients.2 However, outcomes still remain worse among diabetic compared with nondiabetic transplant recipients,3,4 due to continued progression of microvascular and macrovascular complications.5 Graft survival in T1D is primarily reduced due to death with functioning graft, though recurrence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) posttransplantation is another important factor affecting outcomes.6-8 Nearly all transplanted kidneys from nondiabetic deceased donors to diabetic recipients demonstrate the pathological recurrence of DKD as early as 2 y posttransplant.9-11 We report a unique case of man who developed T1D at age 13, ESKD at age 47, deceased donor kidney transplantation at age 48, and death at age 80. He lived for 67 y after the onset of T1D. At his death, 32 y posttransplant, he maintained excellent allograft function without evidence of clinically significant recurrent DKD on postmortem biopsy. To our knowledge, this individual is one of the longest reported survivors of T1D and ESKD requiring a kidney transplant.


History taking in patients with haematological disease - Physical examination - Splenomegaly - Lymphadenopathy - Unexplained anaemia - Patient with elevated haemoglobin - Elevated white blood cell (WBC) count - Reduced WBC count - Elevated platelet count - Reduced platelet count - Easy bruising - Recurrent thromboembolism - Pathological fracture - Raised ESR - Serum or urine paraprotein - Anaemia in pregnancy - Thrombocytopenia in pregnancy - Prolonged bleeding after surgery - Positive sickle test (HbS solubility test)


This issue consists of a lengthy piece belonging to a genre that is rarely found in philosophical journals and was hardly conceivable in scholarly Soviet journals—an informal exploration of several loosely connected themes the purpose of which is to raise questions and stimulate thinking, rather than to offer answers. The author poses a number of important questions about knowledge and comments on some solutions proposed by other philosophers without attempting to make his survey exhaustive or to reach a definite conclusion. It suffices if his reflections are interesting and provocative.


Preclinical practice is a bridge which connects theoretic course and clinical practice.It is an important phase of medical eduction.This article summarized the experience of teaching in preclinical practice by two sides.One is the function of preclinical practice.The other is the deficiency of practice.It is suggested to carry out PBL to evoke students study spontaneously and to develop more excellent students to adjust social competition.


Summary The area of intensively-managed eucalypt plantations in Australia is expanding and may increase more rapidly in the next decade. Some of the insect problems associated with these plantations are likely to be different and may even have a greater economic impact than those occurring in native forests. The attitudes of forest managers towards insect problems associated with eucalypt plantations are discussed. The limited knowledge of the ecology of eucalypt-feeding insects in Australia is highlighted and insect problems that have occurred, and those likely to occur in eucalypt plantations, are discussed. The integrated management approach to insect problems in eucalypt plantations is emphasised and important areas for research are identified.


The influences of stagger value,pressure amount and other technical parameters on the quality of spinning cartridge cylinders were analyzed through numerical simulation.According to elastic-plastic material model and Kulun friction model,the radial spining force,swelling and shrinkage of the workpiece diameter and deformation rate were researched,and their changing rule under different stagger value and standard deviation of the radial force was obtained.Simulation results show that the difference of stagger value and reduction amount has great influence on radial force.With the increase of stagger value,swelling and shrinkage value of the workpiece diameter show U-type change.When the mean square deviation of radial force is 0.95 mm,the deformation rate is the maximum.


Background: Alendronate is considered a safe drug with respect to kidney function when used per manufacturer recommendations. Objective: To describe reported cases of nephrotoxicity associated with alendronate. Methods: Pubmed search of English literature up to January 14, 2022. Search terms include alendronate, bisphosphonates, proteinuria, renal failure, adverse effects. Pertinent case reports, reviews, and guidelines of professional organizations are included. Results: Review of literature revealed 7 patients who developed nephrotoxicity likely due to alendronate therapy for osteoporosis. In 5 patients, kidney function was normal before starting alendronate. Five patients presented with nephrotic syndrome and had focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) on renal biopsy. Collapsing FSGS was specifically demonstrated in 2 patients. Nephrotoxicity was diagnosed as early as 2 weeks and up to 3 years after starting alendronate. No clear predisposing factors or patient demographic characteristics could be outlined in association with this adverse effect. In addition to discontinuation of alendronate, treatment consisted of glucocorticoids followed by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and diuretics. In 4 of the 7 patients, renal function did not return to normal and 3 subjects required hemodialysis. Conclusions: Physicians should be aware that alendronate may be uncommonly associated with nephrotoxicity. Checking protein in urine 2 weeks after starting alendronate and periodically thereafter may help early diagnosis of this serious adverse effect.


The aims of this research were to find out and describe the English teachers` challenges in online teaching English at state and private senior high school in Bengkulu City. The design of this research was descriptive qualitative method. The subjects of this research were English teachers while The data collected from interviewing the English teachers and recorded the interview. The result of this research showed that most of the teachers had the similar challenges in online teaching English including in planning process, implementing process and evaluating process. In planning process, six from seven teachers were difficult to choose the appropriate online teaching media for students. In implementing, the difficulty are in the term of handling the students` focus or attention, unstable internet connection, students` low motivation and students low mastery in operating the online learning`s platforms. For evaluating process, the teachers are unsure if the students do the assignment by themselves or not, the students also did not collect the assignments on time and one of the teachers in State Senior high School also said that he had problem in doing affective assessment. The results of this research are expected to be useful for English teachers to anticipate challenges that might be faced by teachers in online teaching English both in state and private Senior High Schools.Keywords: Teachers Challenges, Online Teaching English, Pandemic Covid-19


Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of acute hypobaric hypoxia on anaerobic performance during multiple 30-s Wingate tests. Methods: Five well trained (VO2max > 72.53 ±4.23 ml/min/kg) completed six 30-s Wingate tests, using a withinsubject design, under four hypobaric conditions at approximately sea-level, 1000, 2000 and 3000 meters (1013 mbar, 908 mbar, 781 mbar and 696 mbar) on four separate days. VO2 kinetics, mean power output (MP), Fatigue index (FI), Peak Power output (PPO), Kalium+, Natrium and pH were measured after each sprint. For each visit the sprints were averaged. Results: Compared to sea-level and 1000m MP was significantly lower for 2000m and 3000m. FI was signicantly higher at 3000m when compared to sea-level, 1000 m and 2000m. Natrium was found to be significantly higher at 3000m compared to sea-level and 2000 m. pH was significantly lower at 3000 m than at sea-level and 2000 m. No significance was found for PPO, Kalium+ and VO2 kinetics. Conclusion: These results suggests that acute exposure to hypobaric hypoxia impairs 30-s anaerobic performance when altitude >=2000m possibly by reducing pH, the rate of PCr resynthesis and muscle glycogen.


The invention belongs to the field of chemical industry, and discloses a method for preparing 2-methyl allyl alcohol by esterification and hydrolysis. The method comprises the following steps of: first, performing esterification reaction of 2-methyl allyl chloride and carboxylate; and then, kalifying for hydrolysis reaction to synthesize 2-methyl allyl alcohol. The synthesizing steps are as follows: (1) esterification reaction: under the effect of a phase transfer catalyst, adding carboxylate, water and 2-methyl allyl chloride into a high pressure kettle for esterification reaction; after esterification reaction, cooling, standing and layering the reaction liquor to obtain an organic layer and a water layer, wherein the organic layer is a mixture which takes 2-methyl allyl carboxylate as a main product; (2) hydrolysis reaction: adding alkali liquor to the organic layer obtained in the esterification reaction stage for hydrolysis reaction; cooling, standing and layering the mixed liquor obtained by hydrolysis to obtain an organic layer and a water layer, wherein the organic layer is a target product, namely 2-methyl allyl alcohol. The method is high in material conversion ratio and product selectivity, the product yield is improved, and the separation energy consumption and material consumption are reduced.


GaP multilayer slab waveguides were fabricated by FIB milling. Limited transmission properties of the nanostructures, due to appreciable residuals of gallium, were recovered by fs-pulsed laser exposure. The waveguides were assessed by SHG technique.


We observed the low-mass X-ray binary and Z source GX 1712 with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer during 1997 February 6–8, April 1–4, and July 26–27. The X-ray color-color diagram shows a clear Z track. Two simultaneous kHz quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) are present in each observation, whose frequencies are well correlated with the position of the source on the Z track. At the left end of the horizontal branch (HB), only the higher frequency peak is observed, at 645 5 9 Hz, with an rms amplitude of 5.7% 5 0.5% and an FWHM of 183 5 35 Hz. When the source moves down the Z track to the upper normal branch, the frequency of the kHz QPO increases to 1087 5 12 Hz, and the rms amplitude and FWHM decrease by a factor of 2. Farther down the Z track, the QPO becomes undetectable, with rms upper limits typically of 2.0%. Halfway down the HB, a second QPO appears in the power spectra with a frequency of 480 5 23 Hz. The frequency of this QPO also increases when the source moves along the Z track, up to 781 5 11 Hz halfway down the normal branch, while the rms amplitude and FWHM stay approximately constant at 2.5% and 70 Hz. The QPO frequency difference is constant at 293.5 5 7.5 Hz. Simultaneously with the kHz QPOs, we detect HB QPOs (HBOs). The simultaneous presence of HBOs and kHz QPOs excludes the magnetospheric beat-frequency model as the explanation for at least one of these two phenomena. Subject headings: accretion, accretion disks — stars: individual (GX 1712) — stars: neutron — X-rays: stars


Degenerative disease is one of the major problem in the world. Efforts to prevent degenerative diseases can be done by consuming nutraceutical. Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is a plant commonly used as food, and the leaf is frequently used as traditional medicine. Breadfruit leaves contain a wide range of phytochemical components. The purpose of this study is determine the potential of antioxidants from fresh breadfruit leaf tea, dried breadfruit leaf tea, and breadfruit teabag that is often consumed by the community. Antioxidant potency of breadfruit leaf tea can be research using DPPH method (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and routine as comparison. The data were treated using a linear regression equation to obtain an IC50 value (an effective concentration for capturing 50% free radical DPPH). The results of breadfruit leaf tea have medium antioxidant activity based on IC50 values of 168,30 μg / ml ± 0.99 (fresh breadfruit leaf tea), 121,69 μg / ml ± 2.66 (dried breadfruit leaf tea), and 135,69 μg / ml ± 0.86 (breadfruit teabag). From this research it can be concluded that the best antioxidant potency from the three sample is dry breadfruit leaf tea with IC50 121,69 μg / ml ± 2.66.
Keywords: Breadfruit leaf tea, IC50, DPPH


Source-generated noise, such as air, refracted, guided waves, near-surface multiples, and radial ground roll, is one of the most challenging problems in the land seismic method. The interference of the noise with reflection events often results in a distorted representation of the subsurface and gives rise to interpretation uncertainties. To suppress the noise, geophysicists have devised various techniques in both acquisition and processing stages. Conventional processing methods, such as high-pass, f-k and hyperbolic velocity filters, however, have certain disadvantages when handling actual seismic data. In this study, we present a new hybrid method combining singular value decomposition (SVD) with a special linear transformation of the common-shot gather. The method is aimed at effectively removing the noise while minimizing harm to the signal. As compared with other methods, the SVD-based one gives a denser approximation to source-generated noise before its subtraction from the seismic data, due to the use of more appropriate basis functions. The special transformation applied in advance to the data is intended to align the source-generated noise events horizontally and thus to benefit the subsequent SVD. The effectiveness of the method in suppressing source-generated noise is demonstrated with a synthetic data set. Emphasis is put on the comparison of the performance of the method with that of conventional f-k filtering.


New electronics has been developed for the remote control of the pick-up electrodes at the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS). Communication between VME-based control computers and remote equipment is via full duplex point-to-point digital data links. Data are sent and received in serial format over simple twisted pairs at a rate of 1 Mbit/s, for distances of up to 300 m. Coupling transformers are used to avoid ground loops. The link hardware consists of a general-purpose VME-module, the 'TRX' (transceiver), containing four FIFO-buffered communication channels, and a dedicated control card for each remote station. Remote transceiver electronics is simple enough not to require microcontrollers or processors. Currently, some sixty pick-up stations of various types, all over the PS Complex (accelerators and associated beam transfer lines) are equipped with the new system. Even though the TRX was designed primarily for communication with pick-up electronics, it could also be used for other purposes, for example to form a local area network.


We investigate the computational efficiency of multitask learning of Boolean functions over the $d$-dimensional hypercube, that are related by means of a feature representation of size $k \ll d$ shared across all tasks. We present a polynomial time multitask learning algorithm for the concept class of halfspaces with margin $\gamma$, which is based on a simultaneous boosting technique and requires only $\textrm{poly}(k/\gamma)$ samples-per-task and $\textrm{poly}(k\log(d)/\gamma)$ samples in total. In addition, we prove a computational separation, showing that assuming there exists a concept class that cannot be learned in the attribute-efficient model, we can construct another concept class such that can be learned in the attribute-efficient model, but cannot be multitask learned efficiently -- multitask learning this concept class either requires super-polynomial time complexity or a much larger total number of samples.


A new fractional subequation method is proposed for finding exact solutions for fractional partial differential equations (FPDEs). The fractional derivative is defined in the sense of modified Riemann-Liouville derivative. As applications, abundant exact solutions including solitary wave solutions as well as periodic wave solutions for the space-time fractional generalized Hirota-Satsuma coupled KdV equations are obtained by using this method.


DC operated gas-insulated systems play a key role in satisfying recent requirements of energy transmission. After energizing, the initial electrostatic field is changing into the electric currents field, which is determined by conductivity processes based on charge carriers. Experimental results show the temperature-dependent effects of the changed field distribution under long-term DC stress and identify clear differences to calculations, which are solely based on conventional RC models. Consequently, charge carrier based conduction processes have to be taken into account in order to calculate the transient and temperature-dependent behavior after DC switch on. This paper proves experimentally, what was solely calculated theoretically in literature so far: additional charge carriers, especially negative ions, accelerate the field transition after energizing with DC.


The attraction and retention of teachers in Zimbabwe is a problem not only unique to Zimbabwean schools, but all over the world. The problem is more pronounced in rural areas where resources are scarce, hence the tendency to repel teachers. Although the problem of teacher turnover is real, there are teachers who have remained in the profession for many years. The aim of the study is to find the factors that have influenced teachers to remain in teaching in rural Zimbabwe. Participants (n = 6) in the study were all practicing as teachers, having taught in the rural areas for at least ten years. Data was collected through interviews which were audio-taped and transcribed. The results from this basic interpretive qualitative study showed that teachers remained in the profession because of need to support their families, job security, unmarketable, support from colleagues and administration, and self-sacrifice leadership by principals.


offers no answer. Fur ther discussion is clearly needed, for the view that clarification of concepts enriches our capacity for making distinctions within experience is neither controversial nor a significant threat to the meaning/use distinction. Schmitt indicates that the view that Being depends upon human being (Dasein)-a view espoused in Sein und Zeit--gives way to the doctrine in Heidegger's later writings that human being depends upon Being. In this, Schmitt seems to suggest, is to be found the meaning of the controversial turn (Kehre) in Heidegger's thought. But it is not quite this easy, for the position held in Sein und Zeit is that Being is "entai led" by and "entails" an understanding-of-Being, to which Dasein belongs. I f Heidegger 's later writings indicate a departure from this, it is only a departure in emphasis. Understanding-of-Being is stressed less than understanding-of-Being. This is not a major point in Schmitt 's study, however. I have indicated a few of the philosophically interesting, difficult and il luminating aspects of Schmitt 's study. For those who wish to pursue these points, as well as other aspects of Heidegger 's complex philosophical commitments, Schmitt 's book is an indispensable aid, one which I recommend highly. STEPHEN A. ERICKSON Pomona College


Renal cysts often represent a diagnostic challenge in pediatric age, given the range of disorders they may be associated to. They can be either congenital (due to non-hereditary fetal malformations or genetic mutations) or, more rarely, acquired. The Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-1beta (HNF1β) gene is known to play an essential role in the embryonic development of several organs (such as kidneys, pancreas, liver and parathyroid glands). Molecular genetics has allowed the identification of new mutations occurring in this gene  and HNF1β-associated disease is now recognized as a clinical entity of variable and multisystemic phenotype. We present the case of a male child, referred to a pediatric nephrology unit at age 4, after presenting the first signs of nephropathy. Abdominal ultrasonography had shown cortical renal cysts. The patient had a stage 2 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). He later presented an insulin-dependent diabetes, at age 7. The combination of early onset diabetes and renal cystic disease was suggestive of an HNF1β-associated condition. Genetic testing of the patient and his parents confirmed a de novo nonsense mutation on heterozygosity at HNF1β (c.301G>T (p.E101*), exon 1). Even though a strictly renal phenotype may occur, the association of renal disease and diabetes at a young age should particularly alert nephrologists and pediatricians to the possibility of an HNF1βassociated disease. Furthermore, the early detection of this genetic mutation will warrant screening of other potential extrarenal disorders or malformations and allow appropriate genetic counseling to patients and their families.


An interesting theoretical problem for chorale harmonization is posed by received cantus firmi that close on pitches other than the modal final. A common irregular melodic ending is on the confinal or "dominant."1 Such confinal endings generate unusual harmonic settings, the larger harmonic movement being that of tonic to dominant. In the works of J. S. Bach, a confinal ending has interesting modal and tonal implications when the chorale concludes a larger work. This study considers two examples of irregular endings in Bach's chorale repertoire, his settings of the cantus firmi "Christ, unser Herr, zum Jordan kam" (the final chorale of Cantata 176) and "Durch Adams Fall ist ganz verderbt" (the final chorale of Cantata 18.) The paper is organized in two parts. Part I introduces the cantus firmi in question and surveys pertinent historical writings on the sub-


During the past two decades, an increasing number of social science researchers have addressed public policy issues. One by-product of this activity has been a healthy questioning of the impact of research on policy. Within the education policy area, social science researchers have been particularly concerned with school finance policy, and their work provides a valuable basis for furthering our understanding of the impact of research on policy. Our question in this article is how, if at all, does social science research impact school finance policy. Three components of this question can be elaborated. By &dquo;social science research&dquo; we mean all systematic inquiry of relationships in society. Usually social science research is based on a specific theory, aims toward hypothesis testing,


When a USB mass storage device is attached to a Linux box, is appears to the system as a SCSI block device with a logical identity such as sda,sdb etc. A user who is going to mount a file system held on such a device needs to know what this logical identity will be, but from the available documentation this is not easy to predict. We present a formal "event model" with the necessary and sufficient abstract state for such predictions to be made. We show how such a model contributes to the formulation of pertinent informal documentation, and we illustrate the value of proof analysis in detecting a conceptual error.


In this study, the complementary or crowding-out effects of public R&D subsidy on private R&D investment in the cleaner production were analysed between the effects and the major determinants (company size, R&D investment intensity, ratio of government investment, R&D manpower intensity). Among 207 firms' projects, the number of the complementary effect was 95 (45.9%) while that of crowding-out effect was 38 (18.4%). Resulting from logistic regression, the higher the R&D investment of sponsored companies is, the more complementary effect they show, responding to public R&D subsidy, and increase own R&D investment. The other determinants, however, showed no significant effects on firms' R&D investment. To heighten the effect of public cleaner production R&D, it is need to increase the priority of R&D investment intensity among the determinants. And to increase the performance of governmental R&D investment, further studies for the individual public R&D programs are necessary.


PLAN International is a US-based private nonprofit international development organization (nongovernmental organization; NGO) serving more than 500000 children their families and communities in 30 developing countries. The group began working in 1970 in the rural poor area North of Bamako City Mali known as Banamba Cercle. USAID in 1989 awarded a grant to PLAN Banamba to provide child survival services to a population of approximately 110000. Immunization and diarrhea-malaria control interventions were part of the project as well as a nutrition program targeted to children under age 24 months. With the goal of designing and implementing the most appropriate and successful nutritional interventions information was obtained on weaning and child-feeding practices in a nutritional study in the first 2 months of 1992. 297 children aged 0-23 months underwent an anthropometric assessment; 388 women and 114 man participated in a survey of knowledge attitude and practices about weaning and child feeding; and a total 142 women and 106 men participated in small focus group studies. Study participants were selected from 12 randomly chosen project are reported. It is concluded that the program needs to reexamine its current methods and strategies in order to enhance program quality. It is also suggested that NGOs base programs on local realities and monitor them constantly so that program modifications may be made when and where needed. Monitoring is best accomplished through baseline studies and community-based child tracking systems.


Read against Michel de Certeau's theory of travel narratives, Tim O'Brien's "Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong" becomes a depiction of Mary Anne Bell's emergence as an ethical speaker. According to de Certeau, the savage other guarantees the authenticity of his speech through his body. Mary Anne's transformation into a "savage" allows her to invest her body in the process of language, thus generating her own authentic, ethical speech.


The book's main contribution comes in its consideration of individual literary texts. The chapters on Bernhard, Müller, and Strauß will be of interest to readers seeking connections between the authors' textual strategies and the discourses of modern and postmodern theory. Potential readers should be forewarned, however, that these analyses are driven more by the theories than by examples from the literary texts themselves. The author interweaves excerpts from the texts with citations and discussions from different theorists, and the literary texts often do not receive sufficient analytical consideration. The monograph would have benefited greatly from more emphasis on close readings of the "Spielformen der Literatur." As they stand, however, the analyses provide useful connections between literary texts and the theoretical contexts of modern and postmodern theory. Morgan Koerner The College of Charleston


The lack of strong correlation between visual performance and driving performance is one reason why vision retests are not compulsory among older drivers. Although it has been shown that some visual functions start to deteriorate at about the age of 40, it is felt that even if retests were implemented that the gain in the reduced number if accidents would be minimal. This is partly due to the fact that the elderly try to avoid driving in conditions which are more difficult and dangerous for them, such as driving at night. If vision retests are carried out they do have the advantage that they will identify those drivers with defective vision and allow correction where possible. Impairment of visual ability occurs at varying ages depending on the function. This paper suggests that retests would be considered if they were: (1) limited to drivers 65 years and older; (2) limited to visual functions relevant to driving; and (3) carried out by specially developed equipment.


This paper outlines a case for bringing the work of three scholars — Garfinkel (ethnomethodology), Goffman (interaction order/dramaturgy), Sacks (conversation analysis) — into the management and/or organization studies field. It specifically attends to the ways their work adds to understandings of the foundations of organizing. Further, we argue for studies of naturally occurring interaction in ways forged by these scholars and substantiate this move through touching on a number of domains of study where a contribution would be forthcoming, indicated here through the conceptual terrain of practice, identity, power and process theorizing. It is an endeavour which also problematizes the interview `method'. Crucially too, as part of this discussion, we not only summarize elements from these three scholars' legacies for our field, but also introduce the four papers selected for this Symposium Issue. We highlight the ways they take up particular threads and offer empirical illustrations of fine-grained studies of the foundations of organizing.


Social networks help us to follow friends and family daily lives. Home devices are rich in user's information so they are appropriate platforms to deploy social network applications. This article addresses two main requirements: content must be adapted to different devices and user's privacy must be respected. To enable social network interaction in home environments and to overcome privacy problems we present two home gateway applications: the Social Enabler and its counterpart the Social Watchdog.


Significance Genera are often viewed as artificial constructs of taxonomic practice. Here, we show that a stochastic model that includes three events with constant rates—species formation, extinction of species, and origination of new genera—can describe well the species-within-genus distributions for large taxa. Predictions from the model, including origination times of large taxa and origination rates of genera, match values obtained by other methods. Likewise, estimated extinction rates are close to speciation rates, which is consistent with the paleontological record. The model's success emphasizes that, although taxonomic groupings are manmade, they nonetheless reflect natural evolutionary processes. The highly skewed distribution of species among genera, although challenging to macroevolutionists, provides an opportunity to understand the dynamics of diversification, including species formation, extinction, and morphological evolution. Early models were based on either the work by Yule [Yule GU (1925) Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 213:21–87], which neglects extinction, or a simple birth–death (speciation–extinction) process. Here, we extend the more recent development of a generic, neutral speciation–extinction (of species)–origination (of genera; SEO) model for macroevolutionary dynamics of taxon diversification. Simulations show that deviations from the homogeneity assumptions in the model can be detected in species-per-genus distributions. The SEO model fits observed species-per-genus distributions well for class-to-kingdom–sized taxonomic groups. The model's predictions for the appearance times (the time of the first existing species) of the taxonomic groups also approximately match estimates based on molecular inference and fossil records. Unlike estimates based on analyses of phylogenetic reconstruction, fitted extinction rates for large clades are close to speciation rates, consistent with high rates of species turnover and the relatively slow change in diversity observed in the fossil record. Finally, the SEO model generally supports the consistency of generic boundaries based on morphological differences between species and provides a comparator for rates of lineage splitting and morphological evolution.


ABSTRACT The quality of provision in the further education sector in the United Kingdom has long been contested. An ongoing issue in further education colleges has been the focus upon minimum competence in qualifications. Yet, there are examples of high standards in teaching and learning. Drawing on interview data with 24 WorldSkills Training Managers working in the vocational education and training system in the UK, the potential contributions of their expertise is examined. Many well-documented pressures exist in further education which counteract an approach to teaching and learning aimed at excellence rather than competence and the Training Managers articulated these. However, a supportive senior management team and continuing professional development was cited as an enabling factors allowing these teaching professionals to draw on their expert practice and flourish. Building on the experience of Training Managers, could be a fruitful avenue for the pursuit of vocational excellence in further education when few other such drivers are currently available in the system.


Objective:To study the characteristics of high school students' coping styles when they faced frustrations and troubles,and the relationship between coping style and academic achievement.Methods:649 high school students completed questionnaire about middle school students' coping styles.Results:Girls were more inclined to use venting(2.7±0.7/2.4±0.7,F=23.32,P0.01) and endurance(3.2±0.7/3.0±0.8,F=5.08,P0.05)than boys.Boys were more inclined to use illusion coping(2.4±0.9/2.1±0.8,F=15.52,P0.01)than girls;Keystone school students used more problem solving(3.3±0.6/3.1±0.7,F=20.85,P0.01),wince (2.4±0.9/2.1±0.9,F=12. 87,P0.01)and illusion(2.9±0.6/2.8±0.6,F=7.04, P0.01)coping style than common school students;There was no difference between students coming from city or country.High school students in peace family used more problem solving coping than students in unmeant and often quarrel family;students in democratic parental patterns use more problem solving coping than students in indulgent parental pattern;and students in authoritative parental pattern use more illusion coping than students in democratic parental pattern;Students'academic achievement significantly positively correlated with problem solving coping style(r=0.11).Conclusion:Coping style is determined not only by sex,but also by family atmosphere,rearing pattern of parents and status in academic achievements.


The fields of precision timekeeping and spectroscopy increasingly rely on optical frequency comb interferometry. However, comb-based measurements are not described by existing quantum theory because they exhibit both large mode mismatch and finite strength local oscillators. To establish this quantum theory, we derive measurement operators for homodyne with arbitrary mode overlap. These operators are a combination of quadrature and intensity-like measurements, which inform a filter that maximizes the quadrature measurement signal-to-noise ratio. Furthermore, these operators establish a foundation to extend frequency-comb interferometry to a wide range of scenarios, including metrology with nonclassical states of light.


The rice protein peptide powder was obtained by the pretreatment of rice dreg for removing saccharides and lipids,and then by the enzymolysis and decolorization to the rice residue protein followed by spray drying.Using the contents of dissolubility protein and oligopeptide as indicators,an orthogonal experimental method was adopted to optimize the enzymolysis technology.The optimum conditions were attained:the ratio of trypsin and protamex 3:2,the proportion of enzymolysis solid to liquid 1:9,temperature 50℃,pH8.0 and time 3.0h.The contents of dissolubility protein and oligopeptide were 23.49% and 16.35% respectively,compared with 4.35% and 0.97% which weren't treated with enzyme.And the product of rice residue protein peptide was characterized including infrared spectrometry,size distribution and scanning electron microscope,which proved the rice residue protein peptide made by method purity was high.


Drugs and therapeutic devices are an essential part of good health care. The use of pharmaceutical agents has transformed the treatment of many conditions such as cardiovascular and infectious diseases. Therapeutic devices such as joint replacements or coronary artery stents can greatly improve the quality of life for patients with otherwise chronic and debilitating problems. Modern and effective health care is unimaginable in the absence of therapeutic drugs or devices. Yet despite these advantages, the relationship between those who produce drugs and devices and those who prescribe or implant them for patients is full of ethical pitfalls. The nature of health care allows for a wide range of potential interactions between doctors and representatives of commercial interests. These include personal relationships such as meeting with company reps , accepting gifts and hospitality, or financial support for a conference; and impersonal contacts, for example seeing advertisements or reading journal articles on industry-funded research. Many patients are familiar with seeing evidence of the relationship between the pharmaceutical industry and their doctor, in the shape of trade-marked objects ranging from notepads, mugs and pens to educational models. Less obvious is the relationship between the manufacturers of surgical devices and the surgeons who use them. This can encompass the usual free meals and gadgets, but extends also to allexpenses paid attendance at training sessions for new devices held in attractive locations, and invitations for key note addresses at industrysponsored meetings, which can be very helpful in building a young doctor's resumé. The putative advantages of relationships with medical industries include new product information and training, free samples, funding for conferences, support for professional and social activities, opportunities to meet with peers, and the provision of congenial surroundings – supplying the feel good element that may be otherwise missing in a busy professional life. Doctors hold these advantages in high esteem, such that they are seen by many as an essential part of what it is to be a doctor. There can be a sense of entitlement to the free travel, lavish meals and solicitous attentions of industry representatives. This is reinforced by the presence of commercial sponsors in almost all areas of medical education, including the sponsorship of medical grand rounds in teaching hospitals. Postgraduate specialty training is particularly reliant upon commercial support, with many registrars subject to high levels of industry attention. But as we all should know, there is no such thing as a free lunch: someone, somewhere is paying. Gifts, free samples, travel subsidies and entertainment are all designed to create a sense of reciprocation and to attenuate critical scrutiny . Research shows that industry–doctor interaction correlates with doctors preferences for new products that hold no demonstrated advantage over existing ones, with decreased prescribing of more cost-effective generic drugs and with a rise in both irrational and incautious prescribing. Advertising appeals to emotion doi: 10.1111/j.1369-7625.2007.00432.x


The write head writes magnetic storage apparatus comprising a tip, the tip comprising a magnetic write; write pulse generator, the write pulse generator is configured to include changes in the magnetic storage device between the tip and the write bias the write pulse signal. Write pulse signal comprises one or more write pulses, the write pulse effectively electrons tunnel through the tip from the writing to the magnetic storage device. Flow generator to provide a data signal to a data stream configured writing tip, wherein the data stream signal is operable to spin electrons is changed from the polarity of the first polarity to a second polarity.


This article employs the concept of the fold, in part as developed by Deleuze out of Leibniz, as an approach to its own attempt at folding together the discourses of literature and game study. On the game side we consider Portal 2 (2011), and from the literary area, the generative mega-poem 'Sea and Spar Between' (2010). Though formally disparate, both texts employ a unit operation of folding, applying to virtual space in the game and to verbal space in the systemic poem. We inquire into how the structure of implication in both cases leads to an irruption of the technological sublime, an encounter with spaces and magnitudes that escape both human and computational reckoning. Drawing on Myers's concept of 'anti-ness' as a feature of play, we conclude that further discussion of games and literature, the main concern of cybertextual studies, requires more complex structure than symmetry or zero-sum relations.


of Teicher's approach, namely focusing on Mendelism as the major explanatory force—perhaps, ironically, somewhat similar to his historical actors. The final chapter looks at the Mendelization of racial anti-Semitism in the Third Reich. Whether or not someone was counted as (partially) Jewish was mainly determined by genealogical data. Yet Mendelism gave the Nuremburg Laws a scientific veneer and featured prominently in its popular dissemination, both in public and in the classroom. The epilogue offers some explanation why Mendelism and eugenics/genetics merged so fruitfully in some countries, while it played only a marginal role in others—notably France and Latin America. This is an important question, yet the debate on U.S. eugenics and genetics, for example, misses much of the historiography of the past three decades. Overall, then, Teicher offers a convincing case on the role of (social) Mendelism in twentieth-century bioscientific attempts to engineer humans and societies. The reviewer, easily convinced of this, would have liked to see less proof of its existence and more on its interactions with other influences, and the focus on race broadened to other analytical categories of the history of eugenics, such as gender or disability.


Lesson study (LS), as a model for improving teaching and learning, has tremendous merits for both teachers and students during learning-teaching procedures. Thus, this study can serve in developing an awareness of the pre-service teachers' educators (PSTEs) toward LS as a collaborative professional development model. This study, therefore, aimed to explore the perception of participants who were selected purposively (i.e. using a purposive sample) from the PSTEs at faculty of education-Amran university, Yemen, about LS and its implementation (LSIs). To this end, an open-ended interview was conducted with six interviewees, participants mentioned above, in the second semester of the academic year (2017/2018s). The most important result of this study was that all of the PSTEs participated in this study were not aware about the LS and LSIs, too. Based on the study's results, some recommendations were recommended.


The market practice of extrapolating different term structures from different instruments lacks a rigorous justification in terms of cash flows structure and market observables. In this paper, we integrate our previous consistent theory for pricing under credit, collateral and funding risks into term structure modelling, integrating the origination of different term structures with such effects. Under a number of assumptions on collateralization, wrong-way risk, gap risk, credit valuation adjustments and funding effects, including the treasury operational model, and via an immersion hypothesis, we are able to derive a synthetic master equation for the multiple term structure dynamics that integrates multiple curves with credit/funding adjustments.


STUDY OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of weighted chain blankets on insomnia and sleep-related daytime symptoms for patients with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

METHODS
One hundred twenty patients were randomized (1:1) to either a weighted metal chain blanket or a light plastic chain blanket for four weeks. The outcome was evaluated using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) as primary outcome measure and the Day and Night Diaries (DND), Fatigue Symptom Inventory (FSI), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) as secondary outcome measures. Sleep and daytime activity levels were evaluated by wrist actigraphy.

RESULTS
At four weeks, there was a significant advantage in ISI-ratings of the weighted blanket intervention over the light blanket (p<0.001) with a large effect size (Cohen´s d 1.90). The intervention by the weighted blanket resulted in a significantly better sleep-maintenance, a higher daytime activity level and reduced daytime symptoms of fatigue, depression and anxiety. No serious adverse events occurred. During a 12 months open follow up phase of the study, participants continuing using weighted blankets maintained the effect on sleep, while patients switching from a light to a weighted blanket got a similar effect on ISI-ratings as participants using the weighted blanket from the beginning.

CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that weighted chain blankets are an effective and safe intervention for insomnia in patients with Major depressive disorder, Bipolar disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, or ADHD, also improving daytime symptoms and levels of activity.


Summary The proposed transformation of substantial areas of even-aged plantation forests in Britain to irregular structures ('continuous cover forestry') has raised concerns about the likely wind stability of irregular stands. A review of the literature suggests that the major difference between irregular and regular stands is the lower (i.e. more stable) height : diameter ratio associated with the dominant trees in the former. This appears to be a consequence of the greater wind loading that these dominant trees have to withstand. Wind tunnel studies show no difference in wind profile within or above the two types of canopy. There have been few comparative root investigations in the two types of stand and no differences in rooting depth have been reported, although changes in root architecture could be anticipated as a result of greater wind loading. The implications of these findings upon windthrow risk in regular and irregular Sitka spruce stands has been explored using the Forest GALES wind risk model on sites of different wind exposure. The results suggest no difference in wind risk on sheltered sites. On sites of moderate exposure, an irregular stand at close to 'steady state' conditions could be more wind stable than a conventionally thinned regular stand. However, this advantage disappears with increasing exposure. The conclusion is that the promotion of irregular stands may provide structures with more stable characteristics, but these cannot be considered in isolation from the prevailing wind climate and the local site type.


Patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pneumonia often have complications of coagulopathy and thrombotic phenomena, which lead to high mortality. Whether administering systematic anticoagulant therapy is beneficial remains unclear. We report our experience using systemic anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin to treat severe COVID‐19.


A two-dimensional depth-averaged model and a three-dimensional model for tide propagation and fine sediment transport are used to determine the respective role of several processes on the turbidity maximum behaviour in the Seine estuary. Consolidation processes have been taken into account in the 2DH model. Despite simplified sedimentological formulations and even without any gravitational effect, a turbidity maximum, close to the observations, is reproduced during spring tides. This result confirms the large contribution of tidal pumping on the turbidity maximum formation. The sediment behaviour (settling, erodability) acts in modifying the concentration and location of the tidal-induced turbidity maximum. The bathymetry influences the tidal propagation, but also the location of deposited sediment patterns and consequently, modifies the location of the turbidity maximum. The three-dimensional model allows accounting for all the forcing while the 2DH model does not include the salinity gradients and thus the density circulation, nor the vertical profile of velocity and concentration, which change the deposited sediment distribution. Density gradients act in maintaining the fine sediment in the estuary and in stretching the dynamical accumulation towards the upper limit of the salinity gradients. The turbidity maximum results from the superposition of both processes: (a) the dynamical accumulation of suspended sediment, related to tidal pumping and river flow, modelled by bathymetry and dependent on sediment behaviour, (b) salinity gradients, only related to river flow and bathymetry, which modify its structure.


Introduction: To measure changes in body mass, total body water, running performance, fluid intake and blood biochemical variables in an ultra-marathon mountain race. Methods: 9 subjects (44.0 ± 9.2 years; 72.2 ± 9.0 kg) were measured 2-days before the race, immediately pre-race and post-race for body mass (BM), total body water (TBW), plasma osmolality, plasma sodium ([Na+]), plasma potassium ([K+]) and plasma total protein concentrations. Fluid intake and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were also measured over the entire race. Results: Significant BM loss occurred from 2-days pre-race to post-race (-3.1 ± 1.2 kg; P<0.05) and pre-race to postrace (-3.7 ± 2.7 kg; P<0.01). A positive linear relationship was found between fluid intake and changes in BM during the race (r = 0.7; P<0.05). Rates of fluid intake (321-628 ml/hr) and total body mass loss varied substantially between individuals. Plasma osmolality and [Na+] concentrations were well regulated and did not change significantly. There was a nonsignificant correlation between changes in body mass and race performance. Conclusion: We conclude that drinking rates vary substantially in athletes drinking ad libitum during an 80 km mountain race whereas plasma osmolality and [Na+] are well regulated despite large changes in BM. Therefore, drinking ad libitum during prolonged endurance running seems to be an appropriate method to maintain fluid homeostasis during ultra-marathon mountain races.


The traditional Pignistic transformation is limited in the context of "betting", which faces information loss and is inconvenient for multi-source information fusion. To tackle this challenge, an Enhanced Pignistic transformation is proposed for the first time. New divergence and information volume measures are tailor-made for the enhanced Pignistic probability, and a novel information fusion algorithm is developed. To further prove the fusion algorithm's advantages in conflict management, it is applied in a new semi-automatic image segmentation scheme. Two uncertain decision-support techniques named adaptive belief assignment and scalable information extraction are raised, and a fuzzy heuristic refinement algorithm is conducted, fulfilling the gap between evidential decision-making and segmentation refinement. Experimental analysis shows the proposed segmentation algorithm is superior on four metrics each and can enhance the robustness of foreground segmentation, indicating the effectiveness of the proposal in solving the decision inaccuracy of evidential segmentation schemes.


To cope with the second generation fighter plane's combat effectiveness evaluation method affter it has been refit with BVR(Beyond-Visual-Range)weapon system,the influence of BVR and WVR(Within-Visual-Range)air combat effectiveness on whole fighter plane's is researched with lanchester equation,puts forward the concept of effectiveeness gain and formulates it,a simulation is given to illuminate it.The conclusion can be used as the analysis tools of the refit effectiveness assessment and can also be helpful to other weapon systems'refit.


AbstractAim:To investigate the effect of dishevelled-1 (DVL-1) on wortmannin-induced Alzheimer-like hyperphosphorylation of cytoskeletal proteins in mouse neuroblastoma 2a (N2a) cells.Methods:Cultured N2a cells were transitorily transfected with DVL-1 expression plasmid using LipofectamineTM 2000. Western blot and immunofluorescence microscopy were used to measure the phosphorylation of neurofilament and tau.Results:Level of phosphorylated neurofilament at SMI31 epitope and phosphorylated tau determined by PHF-1 was increased at 1 h and 3 h and back to normal at 6 h after wortmannin 1 μmol/L treatment. The highest level of phosphorylated neurofilament and phosphorylated tau was seen at 1 h and 3 h after wortmannin treatment, respectively. When DVL-1 protein was overexpressed, the hyperphosphorylation of neurofilament at SMI31 and SMI32 epitopes and tau atPHF-1 (Ser-396/404), M4 (Thr-23 1/Ser-235), and Tau-1 (Ser-198/199/202) epitopes was attenuated.Conclusion:Overexpression of mouse DVL-1 protein inhibits wortmannin-induced hyperphosphorylation of neurofilament and tau in N2a cells.


Southwest region of China is rich in mineral resources.The mining industry has become one of mainstay industries of national economic development.But at the same time,posing problems of environmental geology are very prominent.This paper summarizes the status quo and distribution of three categories of environment-geological problems of the mines in the southwest region of China,and several control measures were proposed.


Over the last decade in the Russian Federation one can see large-scale actions on reforming budget process; the objective of these actions is to increase efficiency of budget expenditures. One of such actions is introduction of program budget. However, introduction and implementation of program budget in Russia cause many legal problems that are analyzed in this paper. The article provides general characteristic of program target method of organizing the activities of state government bodies both in Russia and France, whose experience can be used in our country. The author analyzes legal basis of program planning in Russia, points out the necessity to change the RF Budget Legislation in the part of making a draft of program budget, pays special attention to the issue of legal confirmation of program budget performance criteria and comes to the conclusion about the lack of a clear, uniform understanding of «effectiveness» category, which causes difficulties with formulating the criteria for assessing this category by different aspects of budget activity. The necessity to tie introduction and implementation of program budget with strategic system planning is also emphasized in the study.


Abstract The paper reports the results of a phenomenographic study on academics' conceptions of e-assessment. A cohort of 21 academics from 17 disciplines participated in semi-structured interviews exploring their experiences of using web-based technologies for formative and summative assessment purposes. Through iterative analysis of the interview transcripts, the study identified four qualitatively different ways in which academic teachers understand e-assessment. It was seen as a means of: (a) efficiently managing and streamlining the assessment process; (b) facilitating dialogue and student engagement; (c) enhancing student learning; and (d) developing (digital) identity and the community. Six interrelated dimensions of variation were also established: the benefit of e-assessment, the role of the assessing teacher, the role of the assessed student, the role of the medium, the purpose, quality and level of collaboration, and, finally, the relationship between e-assessment and teaching and learning. The results thematise how university teachers relate to technology-enabled assessment and represent incrementally expanding levels of agency within relatively recent, often hybrid assessment milieus. More importantly, the reported dimensions of variation can be utilised to inform which aspects of e-assessment warrant further attention for the improvement of formative and summative assessment design and practice.


As service populations have changed, social workers in Norway and the United States have attempted to respond to the needs of diverse cultures, which often include issues of religion and spirituality. Members of the Norwegian Union of Social Educators and Social Workers (FO) and the U.S. National Association of Social Workers (NASW) were sampled to explore attitudes and perceptions of social workers regarding the placement of religion and spirituality in practice. In general, U.S. social workers were more accepting of religion and spirituality than their Norwegian colleagues. Factors such as secularism, functional differences of church and state relations, and different historical trajectories in the social work profession's development in both countries may contribute to differences between the U.S. and Norway.


This article presents a review pertains the laser irradiation effects and its possible mechanisms of action on spermatozoa functions in domestic animals. To improve artificial insemination, laser is sensitive and cost effective technique, when compared to other conventional methods. Laser may have both positive and negative effects on spermatozoa functions. Since the effects of light are mediated by reactive oxygen species, and the levels of these reactive oxygen species following irradiating spermatozoa with laser may be responsible for determining the effects of laser on sperm. Dose of laser may be regarded as of great significance and this dosage of laser may be responsible for determining its effects on spermatozoa. Optimum dosage of laser for improving seminal attributes may vary among various species and this need to be standardized in each of them. The beneficial effects include improving sperm livability, acrosomal integrity, hypo-osmotic swelling response, mitochondrial function and computer-aided sperm analysis parameters. The increase in cytochrome c oxidase activity, ATP levels and mitochondrial membrane potential, in laser irradiated cells may be responsible for enhanced sperm quality parameters. Improving fertility with laser irradiated spermatozoa has been reported in few species like boar and need to be elaborated in other species. In conclusion laser may be regarded as an easy, cheap and time saving technology for improving artificial insemination; in addition, laser may have various potential applications in the field of reproductive biotechnology as well as in livestock farms and veterinary polyclinics.


Cold-Formed C-section and Lipped C-section are commonly used as structural members of steel houses in Korea. Both are made of SGC41 steel. However, special Cold-Formed Sections with unique cross sectional shape have been developed and widely used in advanced countries. This research focused on the newly developed thin-walled Cold-Formed Sections which possess not only high strength and stiffness but also other advantages in construction. A series of compression tests was conducted to investigate the structural behavior of a compression member, including its load carrying capacity. Test results were compared with analytical study results.


Customized polynomial contact lenses are meant to correct highorder optical distortions in the human vision, beyond focus and astigmatism, but they are not yet a commercial solution mainly due to reproducibility and cost issues. Aiming at circumventing these obstacles to market, this paper investigates the possibility of fabrication of such lenses by wet etching of a silicon mould and subsequent casting of the lens polymer. The proposed technique to obtain the mould is based on ordinary anisotropic etching of c-Si with an aqueous KOH solution, where a subtle step ensures the achievement of an arbitrary smooth topology.


Razoxane (Razoxin - ICI; ICRF 159) is a new anti-tumour drug which is claimed to be well tolerated, to possess unusual modes of action and to increase the effectiveness of radiotherapy.


In Sweden, June 1, 2014, law 2014: 266 on energy mapping in large companies came into force. An energy mapping is a map of the company's energy use. It describes what type of energy carrier is used ...


The indications for hip arthroscopy fall into two broad categories. In one, arthroscopy offers an alternative to traditional open techniques previously used for recognized forms of hip pathology, such as loose bodies or impinging osteophytes. In the other, arthroscopy offers a method of treatment for disorders that previously went unrecognized, including labral tears, chondral injuries, and disruption of the ligamentum teres. Most athletic injuries fall into the latter category. In the past, athletes were simply resigned to living within the constraints of their symptoms, often ending their competitive careers, diagnosed as a nebulous groin injury. Based on the results of arthroscopy among athletes, it is likely that many of these careers could have been rejuvenated with arthroscopic intervention.


In patients with Meniere's disease the caloric response from the diseased labyrinth may vary during the course of the disease. Fluctuations in caloric response and fluctuations in hearing may occur independently. After the consumption of glycerin by patients with Meniere's disease, the caloric response from the diseased ear may be reduced, reinforced or unaffected. Variations in caloric response and hearing have been compared; no distinct individual pattern has been noted. Possible reasons for the lack of agreement in the reaction pattern in the acoustic and non-acoustic labyrinth, both during the course of the disease and after glycerin consumption, are discussed. After glycerin consumption, the caloric response was reduced on one side in one out of seven normal subjects, while the hearing remained unaffected. Glycerin may provoke direction-changing positional nystagmus in normal subjects as well as in patients with Meniere's disease.


WRITING TEACHER'S ADVICE to students searching for material has generally included two elements: an ascesis, to render the student well-disposed in his or her search, and a set of questions to generate information. Conventionally, both the ascesis and the set of questions have been primitive. The student was occasionally instructed to find a topic that was interesting to him or her (as if that weren't half the problem), look in his or her heart, and write, but more often, urged to compose a thesis sentence and make good use of the research tools in the university library. XVith the revival of the study of rhetoric, the concept of invention has been treated more systematically: associational exercises, rules of thumb for developing material, and systematic procedures of inquiry, under the topic of "pre-writing," form a healthy chunk of most writing textbooks. Further, students are often taught a systematic procedure for uncovering new information, a procedure that encourages a certain attitude of inquiry in the student: Burke's pentad, Aristotelean topics-or some abbreviation of them-, or the discovery procedures of the Michigan tagmemicists. The purpose of this paper is to critically analyze some popular heuristic forms, with a view to establishing their continuity with the dominating tradition of Anglo-American empiricism and its associated mental stance of contemplativeness. Let us first survey the terrain. One striking feature of modern invention procedures is the separation and hypertrophy of the basic elements. Macrorie, for example, concentrates on ascesis: the student's search for his own voice is a sort of initiation to mature writing, attained through the disciplines of the journal, peer evaluation, and unrelenting honesty. This ascesis, of course, implies a set of questions: "How did it feel?" and "How, exactly did it effect you, visually, sensually?" These questions, in fact, appear in Telling Writing, where they constitute the "forinstance," the realized image which is the mark of good writing.1 Conversely, the hypertrophied set of questions in the tagmemic matrix, which asks students to analyze events as waves, particles, and fields and in terms of contrast, variation, and distribution, is also an ascesis intended to encourage the formation of working hypotheses.2


Historically, in southerly Brazil, composed of large rural estates, meat and grains are produced in a monocultural system. In this scenario, agroforestry systems arise as an alternative to diversify rural production, also allowing the use of natural resources more efficiently. Thus, in this study, we aimed to quantify the biomass and nutrients contained in the different components of an agroforestry system (eucalyptus + sorghum/sunflower/canola) in the extreme south of Brazil. The eucalyptus was planted at spacing 10.0 m x (3.0 m x 2.0 m) and agricultural crops were sown manually between rows of the forest species, during the initial three years. We determined the biomass and nutrient content of sorghum (leaves, grain and stem), sunflower (leaves, stem, grains and flowers), canola (grain, stem and pod) and eucalyptus (leaves, branches, bark and wood) at 18 months of age. The biomass of sorghum was 9,866.3 kg ha -1 (17.6% leaves, 47.8% stem and 34.6% grain); of sunflower 11,958.1 kg ha -1 (21.6% grains and flowers, 24.0% leaves, 21.3% grain and 33.0% stem), of canola 4,651 kg ha -1 (46.1% stem, 28.2% seeds and 25.7% pod) and eucalyptus 10,974.3 kg ha -1 (45.3% wood, 8.4% bark, 26.3% branches and 20.0% leaves). The productivity of the agricultural components of an agroforestry system was considered satisfactory, and the harvesting is recommended only for the main grain fraction, responsible for P export.


In opening the Meeting Dr. Macartney said he would like, on behalf of the Scottish Otolaryngological Society, to say how pleased they were to have the Members of the Sections of Otology and Laryngology of the Royal Society of Medicine, London, with them. During the course of the afternoon a number of films were shown : Laryngectomy—a colour film—Mr. R. G. Macbeth. CEsophageal Speech following Laryngectomy—a sound film—Mr. Tom O. Howie. The Fenestration Operation—a colour film—Mr. G. E. Shambaugh.


We analyze the chiral quantum oscillator: a quantum-mechanical massless particle, restricted to move on a two-dimensional plane, under a constant, perpendicular magnetic field. The oscillator, which is constrained to wind around the origin in one sense only, mimics the behavior of the two-dimensional self-dual field. This model is used to study certain aspects of the chiral-boson theory.


This paper presents a three-dimensional configuration-space (3D C-space) machining method for 5-axis finish machining of tessellated surfaces. To maximize the step-over distance, the curvature matched method (CM2) is used to approximate the cusp height and the step-over distance. A 3D C-space is then built for each cutter contact point (CC point). Every configuration set in this 3D C-space guarantees that the cutter is gouge-free and that the cusp height is less than the machining tolerance. The inclination angle λ by which the cutter is rotated about L Y, the yaw angle ω by which the cutter is rotated about L Z and the height δ by which the cutter is lifted along the normal of the surface are three variables used to build the 3D C-space. Next, the optimal cutter orientation is obtained in this corresponding 3D C-space via a special optimization process. The ideal 3D C-space set, the initial 3D C-space set and the objective function of the optimization process are based on machine tool kinematics. Boundary functions are determined by the geometry feature of the 3D C-space. The penalty function method is employed as the optimization method. In this paper, the cutting accuracy is self-guaranteed to be less than the machining tolerance. The cutting speed is set to be as high as possible based on optimal cutter orientation and maximized step-over distance.


Levofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial drug effective in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. The objective of the present work was to develop ocular inserts of levofloxacin and evaluate their potential for sustained ocular delivery. Conventional ophthalmic solution shows the poor bioavailability and therapeutic response due to many pre-corneal constraints. These constrains necessitates the controlled and sustained drug delivery to become a standard one in modern pharmaceutical era. Matrix type ocular inserts were prepared by the film casting technique in Teflon coated Petri dishes and characterized in vitro by drug release studies using a flow through apparatus that simulated the eye conditions. Nine formulations were developed, which differed in the ratio of polymers - polyethylene oxide , sodium alginate and ethyl cellulose. All the formulations were subjected to evaluation of thickness, weight variation, folding endurance and drug content uniformity, In vitro release study. On the basis of in vitro drug release studies, the formulation with PEO/EC (3:7) was found to be better than the other formulations and it was selected as an optimized formulation, which was further subjected to in vivo studies and ageing study. In vitro result revealed that formulation L6 followed perfect zero order kinetics release (n=1.03) and rest of formulations released the drug by super case II kinetics (n>1). It was also observed that increasing the proportion of PEO and SA in to EC increases the rate of release of Levofloxacin. On the basis of In vitro, In vivo correlation stability studies, it can be concluded that this ocular inserts formulation can be a promising once-a-day controlled release formulation.


The concept boat All Aboard was designed to meet women's expectations of leisure boats. A constellation of firms worked together to find solutions that could lead to business opportunities by challenging the implicit male norms of the leisure boat industry. This article examines the cultural notions of gender and equality that mattered in the process and explores the relationship between bodies, technologies, design, and gender using qualitative ethnographic methods. Based on queer theory, this article argues that ideas of the female body and the female relationship with boats played a significant role in this innovation process. Although invisible (and male) norms masked by so-called neutral designs and technologies were challenged, new norms of what women are like and what it means to be a woman were simultaneously created.


Large elasto-plastic deformation around a blunting crack tip is analyzed with help of the theory of physically based crystal plasticity. A boundary value problem is formulated by use of boundary layer analysis under the condition of small scale yielding. The results are compared with those predicted by the usual macroscopic (J2) plasticity. It is shown that deformation tends to localize when crystal plasticity is used. The effects of microstructures on the ductile crack growth are also discussed.


In this paper,the density,refractive index,surface area,particle size and its distribution of PCC,GCC,barium sulfate,titanium dioxide and talcum powder which were used as filler in lighter weight papers were tested.The optical properties and print through of the paper as well as the filler retention were compared.


The present invention provides a shutter assembly comprising a photographing apparatus and the shutter assembly, the shutter assembly comprising: a drive for generating a rotational force; input gear unit, is rotated by the driver; the transmission gear unit, a gear rotated by the input means; output gear means is rotated by the transmission gear unit; rotation unit, and a unit between a position for blocking light propagating light in a position for the rotation through the output gear, wherein the rotational path of the transmission gear unit and the rotation unit is at least partially corresponds to, and is separated from the surface containing the rotation path in the direction of the central axis of the transmission gear unit.


A framework of virtualizing inter datacenter elastic optical network is proposed, based on which a resource scheduling scheme is designed to optimize the inter datacenter network performance.


The double-differential cross section of the deuteron breakup reaction $^{2}\mathrm{H}(n,2n$) has been studied experimentally with a neutron beam energy of 15 MeV. Special attention has been devoted to estimation of background condition and multiple scattering effect in the scattering sample. Experimental data have been compared with models based on phase-space approximation used in the ENDF/B-VIII.0 data library and in the MCNP neutron transport code, as well as with rigorous model based on Faddeev equations used for cross section evaluations in JENDL data library. It was found that experimental data are better reproduced by Faddeev model, however, the model overestimates data in the low-energy region of the neutron spectrum ($l4$ MeV).