The simultaneous evaluation of the methanol crossover (MCO) and the carbon dioxide crossover (CCO) in a DMFC during operation was conducted with simple measurements of the CO2 and methanol at the cathode and the anode, respectively, in order to derive an equation to estimate the MCO flux and to quantify the magnitude of the CCO flux at the DMFC. The effects of temperature (293-363K), current density (0-400mA/cm) and the methanol concentration (1, 2 and 3M), as well as the gas/liquid flow rates on the crossover rates were quantitatively studied. With an increase in the current density, the MCO flux linearly decreased, whereas the CCO flux increased to a certain value (about 20% of the MCO flux) and was not affected by it at high current densities. The MCO flux strongly affected by the methanol concentration, temperature and current density, whereas the flow rate of the methanol aqueous solution to the anode and that of the oxygen gas to the cathode weakly affected the MCO in the range measured. From the results, an equation estimate the MCO flux under operation was proposed.


Superthermal electrons are often observed in space and astrophysics and can be appropriate modeled by the family of Kappa distribution functions. Taking the nonlinear wave-wave, wave-particle interactions and the effect of superthermal electrons into account, the strong Langmuir turbulence is investigated in kinetic regime. The modified Zakharov equations are obtained for the case of no damping or driving terms. On the basis of these equations, dynamics of collapse have been studied by the means of the general virial theorem, and the collapse thresholds which are strong modified by superthermal index κe are given.


The paper presents a research project oriented towards development of existing measurement methods which use optical sensors for the research and diagnostics of the combustion process in the internal-combustion automotive enigne. Experiments assume usage of photometric techniques and in particular spectrophotometry of the flames existing in the combustion chamber. Gathered results will enable expanding knowledge about processes taking place during combustion of air-fuel mixture and accompanying phenomena (i.e. knock, misfires). The work is also aimed at designing a diagnostic system which will enable an on-line identification of unfavorable phenomena like knocking combustion or misfires (lack of combustion). Extracted synthetic quality indexes will be used in the improvement of combustion process and as a feedback signals in the engine control algorithms. Research is made on the typical automotive engine equipped with an optical sensor located in the engine head and having direct access into the combustion chamber. The sensor enables on-line transmission of the optical signal during the combustion through the bundle of optical waveguides and two parallel filtering paths. Then optical signal was filtered with set of interference filters. The paper is illustrated with some results obtained during preliminary experiments.


The relation between the growth of lettuce and soil salinity (estimated by seven methods) was studied in the presence of varying levels of calcium sulphate. Lettuce were grown in pots receiving five levels of a mixture of potassium nitrate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate and four levels of calcium sulphate in factorial combination.

Soil salinity was measured by the electrical conductivity of displaced soil solutions, saturation extracts, and soil suspensions prepared at water/soil (air-dry) ratios of I: I, 2.5: I and 5: I. Direct measurements of electrical conductivity were also made in the saturation pastes, and a tentative procedure involving saturation of all 2.5: I soil suspensions with calcium sulphate was examined.

Correlation between fresh weights of lettuce and conductivity measurements at water/ soil ratios of 5: I and 2.5: I was unsatisfactory, but was better at a ratio of I: I. Highly significant correlations of plant weight with measurements in saturation extracts and displaced soil solutions were obtained. Direct measurements in the saturation pastes gave correlations almost identical with those for filtrates from the pastes, but the effect of differences in soil texture on this relationship remains to be examined. The highest correlations of all were obtained in soil suspensions saturated with calcium sulphate.


Changes in calmodulin (CaM) levels in embryonic axes of Cicer arietinum L. cv. Castellana germinated under three different conditions were measured. Abscisic acid (ABA) and a temperature of 30°C, which delay chick-pea germination, respectively decreased and increased the concentration of CaM compared to the values obtained under normal germinating conditions (H2O-25°C). The CaM concentration was higher in those zones of the axes undergoing an active cell division.

The compartmentalization of CaM in 36-h-old embryonic axes grown under these three conditions was also measured. Cytosolic and mitochondrial CaM was higher in axes where a delayed germination occurred as well as in the cell walls of normally grown ones. On the other hand, CaM was higher in nuclear and microsomal fractions extracted from H2-O-25°C-treated axes. From these data we postulate that delayed germination could be an effect of altered CaM distribution in chick-pea embryonic axes.


But achieve a 6 accelerated by using a conventional five speed power train, the shift control is easy, and improve byeonsokgam to the optimum gear ratio of fuel consumption and power performance improvements, and to minimize the impact of the transmission and, for the purpose of contributing to weight reduction; As two single-pinion planetary gear set, formed of the peripheral sokbu and hook-up to the three clutches and two brakes, one way clutch; A single pinion planetary gear sets, but the shift control of the power train of a vehicle automatic transmission as set comprising a part made of a hook-up speed to the clutch, brake and one-way clutches for each one by one, The peripheral sokbu in forward first, second deceleration having a predetermined gear ratio in the, forward third speed increasing in dongsok, 4F in, speed-increasing in the same dongsok, advancing 6 and in the third, such as in the 4 in advance 5 is output to the state, In the sub-transmission portion controlled so as to output dongsok in deceleration, forward 5, 6 in the forward and fourth sequential up / down shift and a 6th speed shift of the plurality of the vehicle automatic transmission skip shift is made It provides a control method.


The development of viviparity, live-bearing, is an ill-defined evolutionary event that is considered to have emerged in several lineages of reptiles. Therefore, the knowledge from a wide variety of viviparous species will offer better insight into understanding the reproductive adaptations associated with the development of viviparity. The dog-faced water snake, Cerberus rynchops, belongs to the family Homalopsidae that is considered to be viviparous, but detailed reproductive features are still poorly known for this species. In this study we investigated the female reproductive system of mature C. rynchops using histological techniques. A paired ovary was anchored to the kidney in this species. Eight to nine ovarian follicles were observed and classified as previtellogenic follicles, vitellogenic follicles and atretic follicles. The oviductal structure of C. rynchops was divided into four regions, namely infundibulum, uterine tube, uterus and vagina, and all oviductal regions were covered with ciliated and non-ciliated cuboidal epithelial cells and surrounded by connective tissue of submucosa, a thick layer of the muscularis and serosa. In the uterus we observed the uterine glands, which are commonly present in viviparous snakes.


This report presents an interrelated series of investigations dealing with experimental and field studies concerning psychological stress. The investigations rely primarily on the mediating variable of coping style, as defined by perceptual defense or sentence-completion methods. Three coping-style groups, copers, avoiders and nonspecific defenders (NSD), are compared on their (a) psychophysiological and (b) behavioral reactions to film stress as well as their reactions to the real-life stress of surgery. The final series of studies represent experimental procedures for simulating these coping styles, defined as differential response sets, and experiments relating these cognitive sets of laboratory studies of stress.


Prefabricated wrist-hand orthoses (WHOs) are commonly prescribed to manage the functional deficit and compromised grip strength as a result of rheumatoid changes. It is thought that an orthosis which improves wrist extension, reduces synovitis and increases the mechanical advantage of the flexor muscles will improve hand function. Previous studies report an initial reduction in grip strength with WHO use which may increase following prolonged use. Using normal subjects, and thus in the absence of pain as a limiting factor, the impact of ten WHOs on grip strength was measured using a Jamar dynamometer. Tests were performed with and without WHOs by right-handed, female subjects, aged 20-50 years over a ten week period. During each test, a wrist goniometer and a forearm torsiometer were used to measure wrist joint position when maximum grip strength was achieved. The majority of participants achieved maximum grip strength with no orthosis at 30° extension. All the orthoses reduced initial grip strength but surprisingly the restriction of wrist extension did not appear to contribute in a significant way to this. Reduction in grip must therefore also be attributable to WHO design characteristics or the quality of fit. The authors recognize the need for research into the long term effect of WHOs on grip strength. However if grip is initially adversely affected, patients may be unlikely to persevere with treatment thereby negating all therapeutic benefits. In studies investigating patient opinions on WHO use, it was a stable wrist rather than a stronger grip reported to have facilitated task performance. This may explain why orthoses that interfere with maximum grip strength can improve functional task performance. Therefore while it is important to measure grip strength, it is only one factor to be considered when evaluating the efficacy of WHOs.


ABSTRACT The thermal performance of different cross-sectional areas of a U-shape ground-coupled heat exchanger (GCHE) is numerically investigated for summer and winter conditions in the present paper. The four different cross-sectional tubes, viz. square, circular, triangular, and rectangular, of fixed hydraulic diameter and length are considered. Numerical simulations are carried out for different velocities ranging from 2 m/s − 5 m/s using K-epsilon turbulent model. It is found that the rectangular cross-sectional area GCHE provides a more stable air temperature for both summer and winter conditioning, and a maximum temperature drop/rise is observed at a shorter length in this condition. The temperature drop of 14.2 K is observed at a length of 12.6 m in the case of GCHE with rectangular cross-section, while the same drop is reported at 19.2 m, 17.4 m, and 16.5 m for circular, square, and triangular cross-sectional areas, respectively. A maximum temperature rise of 8.3 K is reported at 14.8 m, 20.7 m, 18.2 m, and 17.5 m in rectangular, circular, square, and triangular cross-sectional GCHE for heating conditions. Therefore, the rectangular cross-section GCHE may be preferred for space constraints. The net temperature difference is found to be dependent on inlet air temperature. It increases with an increase in the inlet air temperature for summer cooling conditions and reverses in winter conditions. The inlet velocity greatly influences the thermal performance of GCHE, and optimum performance is found at a lower velocity of 2 m/s due to the more settling time. The effectiveness is found to increase initially along the length, and it attains a maximum value at a shorter length in the case of rectangular cross-section compared to other sections. The maximum effectiveness is achieved between 14 m to 15 m length of the pipe for the case of rectangular cross-sectional GCHE.


This study compares the social status of highly gifted (N=42) and moderately gifted (N=86) students across academic (classroom) and social (dormitory) settings. Giftedness was not significantly related to social status in either setting. Two social statuses, popular and rejected, were significantly stable across settings. Furthermore these statuses were related to peer nominations for getting along, fighting, and being shy, to social and academic measures of self‐concept, and to age relative to the peer group. These findings are examined in light of other research on gifted‐ness and social status.


The method developed in a previous paper has been used to determine the effect of long-range dipole forces on the threshold behaviour of cross sections for three different mathematical models. Results are obtained for systems with degenerate as well as non-degenerate channels. It is found that for the non-degenerate case the α/r2 potentials do not alter Wigner's law for short-range forces. However, the range of energy over which the short-range behaviour is maintained decreases progressively with the decrease of energy difference between the non-degenerate levels. For the exactly degenerate case Wigner's law is violated and the cross section tends to a finite value at the threshold.


The article focuses on the current state of the US-DPRK dialogue. The paper depicts North Korean perspective on possible interaction with the United States, which is derived from the key characteristics of Pyongyang as a political counterpart, from North Korea's reaction to earlier experiences in comparison to the actions of the current US president. New Law on DPRK's Policy on Nuclear Forces is another factor to influence the perspectives of the dialogue. As a conclusion the author reflects on the role of the Republic of Korea in mediation of the process.


Species of Amaranthus of Amaranthaceae is an important monocot herbaceous weed that has wide range of pharmacological and phytochemical properties. It grows in a range of climatic conditions, grown in all soil types, found on disturbed ground, roadsides, railway lines, neglected land and poorly maintained grazing area. Its grains are rich in fiber, mineral content, balanced amino acid profile. This weed contains anthriquinone, cardiac glycosides, saponins, α-spinasterol, sterols, flavonoid and a lectin. It is used as traditional herbal medicines, menstrual disorders, internal bleeding, diarrhea, gonorrhea, gastroenteritis, gall bladder inflammation, absesses, colic menorrhagia, arthritis antipyretic diuretic as an expectorant, acute bronchitis and snake poison. Externally it is used to cure eczema, burns, wounds, boils, earache and haemorroids or induced abortion.


The thriving of natural description of China's modern novels is the result of specific historic situation and double variance of literature and context,and has closely cultural and literature relation with language reform and idea transconformation and is an important symbol of the modern transconformation of China's novels.


We study a single server queueing system in which arrivals follow a compound Poisson process and the service times of customers have exponential distribution.
The system is subject to server vacations occuiring randomly in time and in addition the impatient customers resort to balking and reneging during the server's vacation period. The steady state probability generating functions for the system when the server is available or on vacation have been obtained explicitly as also the average number in the system. Various particular cases of interest have also been derived.


Photovoltaic systems (PV) based on Cu2ZnSn(S, Se)4 (CZTS) solar cells have demonstrated efficiency and high performance. According to the results of comparative studies, the kesterite structure has proven to be ecologically safe and less expensive than other photovoltaic systems. The goal of the present study was to design a disposable high-temperature transparent electrical insulating coating to cover metal plates for photovoltaic devices based on CZTS. The solution was to replace electrically conductive metallics dispersed in a high-temperature siloxane coating with phonon thermal conductivity ceramic particles. Properties of the obtained coating were investigated using different methods. A mathematical model of thermal processes in the film during heating was also developed. For the control sample and the sample with a heat-conducting filler, a quantitative ratio of thermal conductivity was obtained. The research results confirmed the necessary properties of the coating, including resistance to short-term exposure to high temperatures during the synthesis of kesterite.


In this paper, I introduce a new mathematical model of the IP effect based on the effective-medium theory, which provides a unified mathematical method to study heterogeneity, multi-phase structure, and polarizability of rocks. The geoelectrical parameters of a new composite conductivity model are determined by the intrinsic petrophysical and geometrical characteristics of composite media: mineralization and/or fluid content of rocks, matrix composition, porosity, anisotropy, and polarizability of formations. The new model of multi-phase conductive media can provide a quantitative tool for evaluation of the type of mineralization, the volume content of different minerals, and/or hydrocarbon saturation, using electromagnetic data.


Structures commonly referred to as corpora lutea develop in Graafian follicles following ovulation or during atresia in representative species of every class of vertebrates and certain protochordates. They occur in both oviparous and viviparous species so their presence is not necessarily associated with conditions of gestation. The possible function of these structures in submammalian species has been a topic of considerable discussion in recent literature and their presence in fishes has been a point of particular interest (Pickford and Atz, '57, pp. 218-222). Bretschneider and Duyvene de Wit ('47) who have made the most intensive study of teleost corpora lutea, express the opinion that the so-called pre-ovulation corpora lutea form the main endocrine tissue in the ovary. It is postulated that they secrete a progesterone-like hormone, oviductin, which in Rhodeus amarus, an oviparous species, stimulates development of the female ovipositor while in certain viviparous species it functions as a progestational hormone. The elasmobranch fishes are particularly suited for studies of corpora lutea. They furnish diverse reproductive patterns ranging from oviparous through ovoviviparous to truly viviparous conditions and the presence of corpora lutea in the ovaries is one of the most characteristic features. The development and involution of corpora lutea during gestation in Squalus acanthias has been described by Hisaw and Albert ('47) and their formation following ovulation and as a result of atresia has been reported in detail for Rhinobatus granulatus by Samuel ('43). We have had an opportunity to examine rather large catches of a series of species from which material was obtained both for studies of gross morphology and histological investigations. These include the spiny dogfish, Squalus suckleyi, the Pacific barndoor skate, Raja binoculata, and the ratfish, Hydrolagus colliei, from Puget Sound, and the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias, the smooth dogfish, Mustelus canis, and the skate, Raja erinacea, from Vineyard Sound. The principal emphasis of this study is centered upon the changes that occur in Graafian follicles leading to the formation of corpora lutea with the hope of contributing information regarding their functional significance.


The application to quantum pharmacology of an approximate method based on the molecular electrostatic potential is discussed with particular reference to the functional groups giving adrenergic activity.


We present the synthesis, characterization and in vitro antiprotozoal studies of Cu(II), Zn(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), Pd(II), Pt(II), and VO(II) complexes of sulfadiazine. Elemental analysis, IR, UV‐Vis, room temperature magnetic moments were used to characterize the complexes. Cu(II), Zn(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), and VO(II) formed octahedral complexes formulated as [M(SD)2(H2O)2] · xH2O, (SD=sulfadiazine), while Pd(II) and Pt(II) formed square planar complexes containing one molecule of sulfadiazine. In all the complexes, the sulfadiazine acts as a bidentate ligand coordinating through the sulfonamido N‐atom and the pyrimidinic N‐atom. The complexes were screened against the resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum, T. b. rhodosiense and L. donovani to determine their antiprotozoal activities.


A Nocardia seriolae was isolated from diseased spotted butterfish (Scatophagus argus, Linn). The cumu-lative mortality within one month was 30% (660 out of 2200). The diseased fish were two years old with lengths from 18 to 25 cm. Most fish suffered from haemorrhages and ulcers of the skin. The most significant gross pathological change was enlargement of the spleen, kidney and liver. White nodules, varying in size, were found in these organs. The isolated bacteria were either coccoid or filamentous in appearance, with bead-like staining. The identification of NS128 was verified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for N. seriolae that gave the expected specific amplicon of 432 bp of the 16S rDNA sequence with a 100% sequence identity with N. seriolae (GenBank accession number AF380937). A partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene (GenBank accession number EU147501), the RNA polymerase B subunit (rpo B) gene (GenBank accession number DQ119300) and the heat shock protein gene (GenBank accession number DQ431437) of the organism, NS128 and the type strain of N. seriolae BCRC 13745 formed a monophyletic clade with a high sequence similarity and a bootstrap of 100%. White nodules that were induced in experimental fish, spotted butterfish and amberjack (Seriola dumerili, Risso) were similar to those in naturally infected fish cases and N. seriolae were re-isolated using brain heart infusion agar. These finding provides evidence that N. seriolae caused systemic granulomas in spotted butterfish. Based on the growth characteristics, and biochemical properties of the bacterium, its histopathological changes, PCR and the phylogenetic analysis, the pathogenic organism was identified as N. seriolae. This investigation is the first published on N. seriolae infection in spotted butterfish in aquaculture. The results reveal that the N. seriolae isolated in the field was pathogenic to spotted butterfish and amberjack.

 Key words: Pathogenicity, Nocardia seriolae, spotted butterfish, Scatophagus argus, polymerase chain reaction (PCR).


A company's ability to maximize revenue while making the best use of its resources is referred to as profitability. It is stated that good profitability can improve a company's performance and draw in stakeholders. Technology limitations and a lack of human resource potential have led to a heavy reliance on imported pharmaceutical raw materials, which can result in high production costs and operating expenses that have an impact on a company's profitability. This demonstrates that the firm must efficiently manage its production costs, operational costs, and intellectual capital in to maximize the firm 's potential and enhance profitability. Therefore, the goal of this study is to ascertain the impact of intellectual capital, production costs, and operating costs on profitability in the Pharmaceutical Sub-Sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the years 2017 through 2021. A corporation in the pharmaceutical industry that is listed on the IDX between 2017 and 2021 is the object of this research. In this study, 44 observation data were collected over 5 years from 9 corporations after issuing outlier data using the purposive sampling method. Panel data regression analysis with the EViews 12 program is the data analysis technique employed. The results of this study show that intellectual capital as measured by VAIC has a positive and significant effect on profitability. Meanwhile, production costs and operational costs partially do not affect profitability. Companies in the pharmaceutical sub-sector are expected to maintain profitability by utilizing their assets to obtain maximum profit. Additionally, risks that impact the loss in profitability in terms of the company's internal and external operations are cautioned against by advisors to businesses.


Along with rapid social and economic development, irrational land development accelerated the disturbance and encroachment on natural and semi鄄natural ecosystems, which decreases ecosystem service and impairs regional ecological security. Land is the basis for both socio鄄economic development and ecosystem service provision. The function ( e. g. economic function or ecological function) of a land unit is usually determined by land use. Therefore, it is of great importance to plan and manage the amount and spatial distribution of different land use types properly. At present, the widely used land use classification system in China is the Current Land Use Classification for National Standard (CLUCNS) issued in 2007. This classification system is mainly designed based on the social and economic attributes of the land, and mainly for promoting social and economic development. However, the ecological function of the land is neglected, which may further degrade the ecosystem service and hinder the regional ecological sustainability. It is urgent to recognize the ecosystem service provision function of land and integrate it into CLUCNS. Though much effort has been devoted in identifying the ecological land use (ELU) and designing integrated land use classifications that integrates social, economic and ecological attributes and functions of the land, further studies are needed to clarify the concept, planning, and management of ecological land use. Taking Beijing as an example, we firstly designed the procedure of ELU classification and planning, and then analyzed the ecosystem services needed to guarantee the ecological security of Beijing. The importance of each ecosystem service provision function was evaluated and classified into four grades, based on which we


Digital agriculture will be an inevitable trend of agricultural deyelopment in the 21st century in the world, this paper presents the basic contents and summaries the development both in China and in the world. It also introduces the major techniques concerning the problem such as RS, GIS, GPS, Computer Simulation and Internet Communication Techniques and finally put forward its developmen strategy in China.


This paper describes the engineering organization which was set up by a contractors' team to design a major Air Force Communication System. It discusses some aspects of the first year's operation.


One of the most common uses of information and communication technology (ICT) in schools is using the Internet for research (see Becker, 1999; Lai & Pratt, 2003; Lai, Pratt & Trewern, 2001; Smerdon et al., 2000), yet only limited information is available regarding children's Internet searching behaviour (Kuiper, Volman & Terwel, 2005). What is clear from the research that has been done is that children are generally not very successful in doing this (Bilal, 2000; Schacter, Chung & Dorr, 1998), and that they use only limited search strategies (Bilal, 2000; 2001; 2002; Large & Beheshti 2000; Shacter et al 1998; Wallace & Kuperman, 1997). A review by Hsieh-Yee (2001) of children and adults' search behaviour found that:


Religious minority affiliation or status can play a very important role in influencing people's access to vaccines as well as their willingness to undergo vaccination. Many studies focus on class, ethnicity and geographic location when examining how social inequalities impact vaccination programmes. However, religious marginality is often overlooked. Here we explore how being situated on the margins, on account of religious affiliation, shapes experiences of vaccine access and uptake. The issues addressed are important for COVID-19 vaccination roll out, but also contain lessons for all vaccination programmes and many other preventative health measures. In this brief, we present key considerations for addressing differentials in access to and willingness to undergo vaccinations that are linked to religious minority status, experiences, authorities or doctrine. We explain why the study and awareness of religious marginality is crucial for the success of vaccination programmes broadly and specifically as they apply to COVID-19 vaccination. We also explore ways in which religious marginality intersects with other identity markers to influence individual and community access to vaccines. Finally, we examine vaccine hesitancy in relation to religious minorities and outline approaches to community health engagement that are socio-religiously sensitive, as well as practical, to enhance vaccination confidence.


Background: Recent evidence suggests the existence of an underlying inflammation process to vascular disease associated with chronic high blood pressure (BP), playing an important role in the patho...


Objective To investigate the protective effect of calcium antagonist Verapamil (VP) on kidney preservation in HCA solution. Methods After kidneys were isolated from rabbits, they were perfused and stored in HCA solution or in HCA solution with VP pre supplement at 4℃ for 24 h respectively. The contents of mitochondrial calcium in renal cells and ATP in renal tissues were measured in every group. Results The contents of mitochondrial calcium was remarkably higher and ATP significantly lower in the kidneys in HCA solution at 4℃ for 24 h than those just after resection. But these could be inhibited in those storing in the HCA solution with VP pre supplement. Conclusion Calcium antagonist VP can protect kidney function during HCA solution preservation by inhibiting calcium intaking into mitochondrium.


The purpose of this letter is to request Naval Reactors comments on the nuclear reactor high tier requirements for the PROMETHEUS space flight reactor design, pre-launch operations, launch, ascent, operation, and disposal, and to request Naval Reactors approval to transmit these requirements to Jet Propulsion Laboratory to ensure consistency between the reactor safety requirements and the spacecraft safety requirements. The proposed PROMETHEUS nuclear reactor high tier safety requirements are consistent with the long standing safety culture of the Naval Reactors Program and its commitment to protecting the health and safety of the public and the environment. In addition, the philosophy on which these requirements are based is consistent with the Nuclear Safety Policy Working Group recommendations on space nuclear propulsion safety (Reference 1), DOE Nuclear Safety Criteria and Specifications for Space Nuclear Reactors (Reference 2), the Nuclear Space Power Safety and Facility Guidelines Study of the Applied Physics Laboratory.


The invention relates to an alginate agent used for agricultural production and its preparation method. The alginate composite microbial agent of the invention plays a part in promoting crop growth, improving the soil and repairing damaged cells of plants, as well as preventing and controlling crop diseases. The alginate composite microbial agent is prepared with a kilogram of alginate blends and thalluses with a viable count of (0.3-5)*102 units. The thalluses include Pseudomonas fluorescens and bacillus subtilis, and the viable count ratio between the two thalluses is 1:0.5-2. Thus, the composite agent of alginate and two thalluses can have wide application in agricultural production, and enjoys important technical value and social value in protecting the environment, reducing the usage amount of chemical pesticides and promoting the sustainable development of agricultural production. Especially, the agent has a surprising technical effect in repairing damaged cells of plants. In other words, after the emergence of crop diseases, the agent of the invention can rapidly control the crop diseases and repair the damaged cells of plants, so that the crops cannot suffer underproduction even if diseases appear.


In one embodiment, six digital terrestrial television channels are specified as channels to be time shifted, and content broadcast on said channels (for example, free-to-view content that is copy-protected under Japan's "Dubbing 10" rules) is set to be recorded on an HDD for normal time shifting. Also, one satellite television channel broadcast via a broadcasting satellite is specified as an additional channel to be time shifted, and content broadcast on said channel (for example, premium copy-once content) is set to be recorded on an HDD for additional time shifting. A first time period in which to perform the first time shifting and a second time period in which to perform the second time shifting can be set separately.


In embodiments, the MBSFN area is a method for the MBSFN area reconstructed in the mobile network controlled by a set of multi-cell / multicast coordination entity MCE, the reconstruction of the MBSFN area, reconstituted configured the MCE time called time, the method comprising performing the MBSFN area reconstruction procedure applied in synchronization with the MCE is provided.


A future specialist needs not only solid knowledge of the subjects studied, but also the ability to respond quickly to requests from a dynamically changing reality. The main task of didactics at present is not only to inform students of a certain amount of knowledge, but also to give them the willingness and ability to act independently in solving a problem, using the available amount of information and acquired knowledge, that is, to prepare not only qualified, but also competent specialist. The research article is about to add new conditions and rules to educational standards within formation of professional competencies in technic-mechanics.


June 2009 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) 1 Since the middle of the 1990s, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) has been supporting the efforts of developing countries in their pursuit of the rule of law. Technical cooperation projects have been conducted relating to the drafting of civil and commercial laws, training and educating of legal professionals, and improving of organizational capacity for the implementation of laws within countries including Viet Nam, Cambodia, Laos, Mongolia, China and Uzbekistan. This paper is the executive summary of the JICA study report reviewing JICA's experiences in assisting developing countries' initiatives concerning capacity development in legal and judicial sectors. This review begins with an analysis of features and approaches of JICA's technical cooperation in this field, which stresses the development of the partner's capacity in undertaking the "rule of law" promotion on their own, as well as Japan's own development experience in customizing and adapting foreign laws to its culture and society. The study then examines the effectiveness of JICA's support mechanism wherein resident long-term experts, backed by the Japanese advisory committees, attempt to provide practical and in-depth advice to local counterparts in a timely manner by utilizing a wide-range of resources including experienced academics, legal practitioners and development specialists. Finally, this paper puts forth possible paths to achieving more coherent and coordinated international cooperation by establishing commonly agreeable cooperation frameworks which lead to the development of sound legal systems in developing countries.


Based on self-reproduction theory, harmonic and rational harmonic mode-locked semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) fiber ring lasers have been numerically investigated, respectively. Harmonic mode locking makes a target of obtaining ultra-short pulse. While in rational harmonic mode locking, it is urgently needed to solve that pulse amplitude becomes uneven with the increase of the order of rational harmonic. As a result, these two cases result in the different work conditions. After obtaining the optimal work condition, the effects of the system parameters on the characteristics of harmonic mode-locked pulse and the quality of pulse-amplitude equalization in rational harmonic mode locking have been investigated.


Forcaster has to predict, sequentially, a string of uncertain quantities (X1, X2, .. .), whose values are determined and revealed, one by one, by Nature. Various criteria may be proposed to assess Forecaster's empirical performance. The weak prequential principle requires that such a criterion should depend on Forecaster's behaviour or strategy only through the actual forecasts issued. A wide variety of appealing criteria are shown to respect this principle. We further show that many such criteria also obey the strong prequential principle, which requires that, when both Nature and


In recent years, air pollution has become an important issue with the development of urbanization projects in China. In this paper, we analyze the air quality problems of 31 major cities in China using principal component analysis and technique for order preference by similarity to an Ideal Solution. we analyze the data of air quality with respect to the environmental impact factors of major cities in China and make effort to derive the main factors that affect the air quality in China. In addition, we conducted research on the comprehensive ranking of air quality in all cities in China and finally demonstrate the thermodynamic diagram of air quality of Chinese cities through the TOPSIS method.


Stabilization of l-ascorbic acid (l-AA) is a challenging task for food and pharmaceutical industries. The study was conducted to prepare monodisperse aqueous microspheres containing enhanced concentrations of l-AA by using microchannel emulsification (MCE). The asymmetric straight-through microchannel (MC) array used here constitutes 11 × 104 μm microslots connected to a 10 μm circular microholes. 5–30% (w/w) l-AA was added to a Milli-Q water solution containing 2% (w/w) sodium alginate and 1% (w/w) magnesium sulfate, while the continuous phase constitutes 5% (w/w) tetraglycerol condensed ricinoleate in water-saturated decane. Monodisperse aqueous microspheres with average diameters (dav) of 18.7–20.7 μm and coefficients of variation (CVs) below 6% were successfully prepared via MCE regardless of the l-AA concentrations applied. The collected microspheres were physically stable in terms of their dav and CV for >10 days of storage at 40°C. The aqueous microspheres exhibited l-AA encapsulation efficiency exceeding 70% during the storage. Straight-through microchannel emulsification has ability to produce monodisperse emulsions. l-AA is encapsulated in aqueous microspheres and has encapsulation efficiency of over 70% after 10 days of storage at 40oC.


This research paper investigates study techniques to learn and practice the English language in communication. The study techniques were investigated and analyzed to know which are being used by students and what are the most effective for them. This work applies the qualitative research method to investigate student´s views. The instruments used were the interview and the survey, which were applied to students of high school at Herman Gmeiner School, in Esteli. The sample considered was of 20 participants from a population of 40 students. The data found that the most used tools by students are audio visual mediums.


Background Preoperative evaluation and elimination of the identified medical problems is one of the most important steps of surgeries to reduce perioperative morbidity and mortality risks. The aim of this study is to present the medical reasons which resulted in the postponement of scheduled pediatric cardiovascular surgeries in our center and to discuss what should be the limit of surgical postponement rates. Patients and methods This retrospective study included 123 pediatric patients whose scheduled cardiovascular operations were postponed in Kartal Koşuyolu Research and Training Hospital from April, 2014 to May, 2015. The postponement rates due to medical reasons were calculated and correlations between the age and gender of children, type of surgery and postponement were analyzed statistically. Results Out of 380 scheduled children, 0 to 16 years old (mean age 4.2±5.1 years), 123 were postponed 1 to 7 days (mean 3.8±2.4 days) before the planned date of operation. The postponement rate was 32.3%. Medical reasons for the postponement were lower (53.7%) or upper respiratory tract (15.4%) infections, neurologic (8.2%), urinary tract (6.5%) or gastroenterologic diseases (5.7%), endocrinologic (5.7%) or hematologic (3.2%) abnormalities and varicella infection (2.6%). Postponement was found to have a significant relationship with the age (p<0.05), but not with the gender of the children or type of the scheduled operation (p>0.05). Conclusion As a tertiary center that accepts children from various regions of the country, we should develop some strategies to decrease the postponement rates for rational use of the operating theaters without neglecting the Pediatric Anesthesia and Critical Care Journal 2016;4(1):30-34 doi:10.14587/paccj.2016.7 Türkmen Karaağaç et al. Postponement of scheduled pediatric cardiovascular surgeries 31 preoperative evaluation for surgical safety.


The invention discloses a treatment method of amide herbicides production wastewater, comprising the following steps: pH value of the wastewater is regulated to weak alkaline, and the COD value should be less than 4000mg/l; nutrient salt should be added, and the treatment solution is obtained; the treatment solution is accessed into a reactor which contains butachlor degradation bacterium; the treatment solution is contacted and reacted with the suspended butachlor degradation bacterium, and filtrate can be obtained after being processed micro-filtration; the filtrate is contacted and reacted with the fixed butachlor degradation bacterium, and the water which meets the discharge standard can be obtained. The treatment method combines membrane biological reaction technology and the microbiology immobilization technology to treat the amide herbicides production wastewater. The treatment method has the advantages of simple steps, low cost, convenient operation, compact structured, good water quality, small residual sludge and so on, which has excellent application prospect in treating the amide herbicides production wastewater.


Confiscation laws are the mainstay of policies aimed at depriving criminals of their gain. One of the most debated aspects concerns the extension of the scope of confiscation beyond the direct proceeds of a specific crime for which a person has been convicted. The European scenario on "extended" confiscation, however, is characterised by an apparent disharmony that endangers co-operation between national authorities. In 2014, the EU adopted a Directive with the goal of introducing a common model of extended confiscation in all Member States. This article explores whether the new provisions on extended confiscation are adequate to achieve this objective, and highlights the pitfalls in the implementation of such provisions, particularly as regards respect for fundamental rights. For this purpose, the Directive will be analysed in light of both the case law of the European Court of Human Rights and the concept of minimum harmonisation, revealing inherent limitations.


Diagnosis of diffuse changes in the breast without clearly identifiable mass is a challenging task. Differential diagnosis should include cancer, fibrosis, fibroadenomatoid mastopathy and mastitis of various etiologies. The results of breast ultrasound, mammography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging can be inconclusive. Thorough examination of regional lymph nodes must be performed: presence of metastases in them, combined with clinical changes in the breast, confirms diffuse breast cancer. Any suspicious areas are subject to a biopsy. In a clinical presentation suggestive of a diffuse breast cancer, an accurate diagnosis should be sought in view of severe consequences of errors and delays in diagnosis.


Integration of magnetic impurities into semiconductor materials is an essential ingredient for the development of spintronic devices such as dilute magnetic semiconductors. While successful growth of ferromagnetic semiconductors was reported for III-V and II-VI compounds, efforts to build devices with silicon technology were hampered by segregation and clustering of magnetic impurities such as manganese (Mn). Here, we report on a surface-based integration of Mn atoms into a silicon host. Control of Mn diffusion and low-temperature silicon epitaxy lead to confined Mn δ-layers with low interface trap densities, potentially opening the door for a new class of spintronic devices in silicon.


Report and poster completed by students enrolled in ARCH 5672: Historic Building Conservation, taught by Todd Grover in fall 2015.


Validation of magnetic resonance image segmentations is an important but difficult problem. A graphical user interface for manual labeling of an MR image data set is described. Results obtained on a normal volunteer indicate that MR intensity distributions may be multi modal, contrary to implicit assumptions for many segmentation methods. Results obtained with a commercial segmentation work station on tumor volumes are consistent with the manual volumes, taking into account the operator dependency of the commercial system. The described GUI may provide the much needed ground truth for MR image segmentation.<<ETX>>


The aim of this study was to assess the self-concept of children with learning disability in comparison with children without learning disability. Fifty- eight school-age children were assessed, including: 32 Learning Disabled children, distinguished by behavior problems, and 26 No Learning Disabled children. The child self-concept was assessed by Piers Harris Self-Concept Scale and the child behavior was assessed by Rutter´s Child Behavior Scale-A2. Children with learning disability showed significantly more negative self-concept than children without it in both total and partial scale scores. No differences was found between learning disabled children distinguished by the presence of behavior problems.


Laser based techniques for the generation and the detection of ultrasonic surface waves (SAW) are described. These methods were motivated by practical ultrasonic non-destructive testing (NDT) applications and are suitable for operation on rough surfaces which are typical to engineering materials. Wide strip laser illumination is used to generate SAW waveforms by means of a thermoelastic mechanism. For detection an holographic method has been developed, achieving sensitivities of the order of 0.1 Å at 10 MHz bandwidth on rough aluminum surfaces.


In this paper the author presents the difficult questions Physical cosmology and astronomy are encountering at probe into the asymmetry of matter and antimatter and the essence of dark matter and dark energy occupied in 95% of comical matter。And he points out that these severe challenges can bring a new revolution to physics。


Implementing re-use of previously computed values is hard and is therefore often dismissed by programmers: a missed opportunity for improved computational efficiency. Memoisation and change propagation are techniques for implementing the re-use of previously computed values. Using existing libraries either destroys the conciseness of the code or is too limited for a real-world application where fine-grained control over the amount of memory used is necessary. We combine both memoisation and change propagation and provide clean interfaces through the ubiquitous applicative, monad, and arrow interfaces.


The article is focused on the problem of transcendental interpretation of myth. In the given problem field common and special features of the theses of the conceptions of E. Cassirer (Neokantian Marburg School) and F.W. Schelling (German transcendentalism) are exposed.


The author defines basic principles of objects management classification. He investigates peculiarities of development of analytical and expert systems depending on the properties of each class. The class of real objects with the low level of automatization, lack of the united informative space and united data base and without formalized business processes is considered. The paper describes method of developing informative and expert system for this class.


Perm-Cath ® catheters provide a permanent and effi- cient access in patients undergoing a programme of ha- emodialysis without the possibility of other types of vas- cular access. Usually, we meet several problems of blood flow due to obstructions either mechanical or by throm- bosis. The aim of this study in to find out if the applica- tion of some nursing manouvres for the conservation of the catheter facilitate its correct functioning. 11 patients were studied harboring double-light Perm-Catheters for one year. We collected events for six months of those we had used traditional methods of ma- nipulation and those that occured in the following sixs months applying the new protocol which consisted of a cleaning and a correct deobstruction of the light (inclu- ding adequate sealing of the connection in order to gua- rantee its future permeability). With the new protocol we achieved satisfactory results.


Renewed economic and political interest in Africa, as an emerging market, has created a wellspring of speculation and scholarship relative o this continent's fifty-two countries and its com position of political economies, economic markets, tribal co mmunities, and heterogeneous population of 800 mill ion inhabitants. Thus, the challenge for Africa's leade rship, and for the global community, centers on understanding the complexity of these lesser-develo ped countries and on the economic and political potential that could lead this continent toward a p owerful position in the global community. Privatiza tion encourages foreign direct investment to allow for i nvestments in labor, capital, land and entrepreneur ial talents. One of the chief objectives of the instan t research is to explore the potentialities of FDI in relation to privatization and land usage. From this vantage point, it is important that the representative pol itical economies and regulatory and legal systems be scrut inized for economic stability and potential for gro wth, as these determinants will be factored into the ove rall global strategies of MNCs and developed countr ies, as well as trade pacts, in considering Africa's eme rging markets. This paper will provide an analysis of the strength of privatization models, as applied to Mal awi, Tanzania, Ghana, Morocco, and South Africa. T his paper will examine land usage policies and practice s in relation to energy, subsistence agriculture, settlements and infrastructure. PART I. EMERGING MARKETS: EPIC SHIFTS IN PRIVATIZATION A. Background and the Thatcher Model Ever since postcolonial Africa--with colonization e ding in 1979 by the British government's recognition of Rhodesia's independence--opened the rest of the world to an economic reality that this continent of 53 countries held vast, untapped natur al and material resources, most of which had gone undeveloped for several centuries, industrialized c ountries with advanced economies sought to explore the market potential of Africa, largely by exporting ra w nd natural resources for production in domestic and international markets (Harvard International Review , 2007). As this trend developed and a comparative advantag e emerged in this postcolonial trading relationship between Africa and its world trading p artners, Africa's governmental and political acumen was under new pressures to maximize the benefits of pos tcolonial economic and political freedoms, while, a t the same time, under pressure to reconfigure coloni al economic models that had historically placed rel iance on state-run enterprises. It was not until postcol onial governments began experimenting with privatiz ation and land usage that Africa and its adjustment from a colonial to postcolonial status began attracting foreign direct investors and multinationals. The privatization model demonstratively utilized i n Africa was largely recreated from the privatization model(s) developed in the United King dom during the tenure of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, 1979 to 1990. Her administration develop d a public policy regime based on a set of core principles that included the value of free markets (Craig, 2001). In one such example of this model i n operation, under the Malawian government, the gover nm nt divested themselves of telephone services, E-Leader Singapore 2010 2 railroads, insurance services, mining industries, a nd other services, by selling government-owned asse ts to these industries; however, the Malawian government retained regulatory oversight with regard to these divested assets and their privatization. 1 The Malawian model largely mirrors the Thatcherite model, with respect to both the privatization of large-scale, state-owned industries and to the g ov rnment's retention of oversight and regulatory c ontrol through parastatal arrangements. Under the Thatche r model, in which the premise for privatization originated, the Conservative Party supported the Pr ime Minister's efforts to privatize national enterp rises in coal, iron and steel, gas, electricity, water suppl y, railways, trucking, airlines and telecommunicati ons, as well as public housing (Watkins, 2009). Moreover, empirical evidence supports the basic premise of privatization, in that privately owned firms perfor m better than similar state-owned firms (Megginson, 2005b; Megginson and Netter, 2001; Shirley and Wals h, 2000). Significant to this argument is evidence from other developing countries that indicate post privatization performance improvements are smaller when the government maintains a substantial shareho lding (Clarke et al., 2005; Megginson, 2005). In view of this trend toward privatization in Afri ca, as will be demonstrated, this paper, in Part I, will examine five countries (Malawi; Morocco; Tanza ni ; Ghana; and, South Africa) and their efforts, whether successfully or unsuccessfully, to privatiz e certain government-owned assets to the free marke t. Included in this analysis, in Part II will be an ex amination of land usage issues related to the devel opment of African economies and their heterogeneous and co fli ting historical records on best uses of land, i light of perennial problems such as totalitarian di ctatorships, political and military corruption, tri bal wars, misappropriation of resources, and antiquated land use practices. In addition, this paper will review current litera ture on Africa, as an emerging market, and will analyze several leading trends on the economics of FDI, World Bank involvement, stability of governments, and global position. This paper is ai med at policymakers, academics, privatization manag ers, and corporate leaders in providing a working review and analysis of these trends in Africa, in providi ng empirical support for privatization, and by outlini ng some of the problems still besetting Africa's ec onomic growth, both internally and externally. B. The World Bank and IMF – Developing Countries The World Bank and International Monetary Fund ("I MF") have studied and produced various findings on privatization in African countries, alt hough there is a less comprehensive body of literat ure in the examples of academic and private foundation stu dies. Included in the World Bank and IMF studies, as conducted principally by senior staff, in large par t, e comparative, empirical analyses of the effec ts of privatization, markets and competition, particular problems besetting state-run enterprises, forms of privatizing state-owned assets, and public percepti on and handling of job losses and loss of control o f national assets (Harsch, 2000). Towards providing a more tenable body of analytical modeling, the Wo rld Bank and IMF's findings have contributed comparativ e analyses of privatization efforts around the worl d, identifying leading privatization efforts by compar ing capital and transaction numbers and by breaking down countries through continent-specific referenci ng. As such, these analyses show that most privatizati on efforts have occurred in the region of North Africa, as of 2005 data, reflecting US$7.5 billion from 27 transactions, accounting for 8 percent of t otal value. Conversely, Sub-Saharan Africa, with US$975 million from 23 transactions, generated 1 percent of total value in 2004-05. Three sectors accounted fo r nearly 90 percent of total value: infrastructure (telecommunications, electricity and natural gas, t ransport, water); finance (banks, insurance, other financial services); and energy (exploration and pr oduction of oil and gas, and other hydrocarbons). 1 The original conceptualization of this paper is lar gely drawn from Dr. Robert Kamkwalala's dissertatio n, completed in December, 2006 in fulfillment of his D octor of Management degree at Webster University's School of Business and Technology in St. Louis, Mis souri. The dissertation treated privatization thro ugh comparing successful and unsuccessful privatized or ganizations in Malawi. Both authors have extrapola ted the dissertation's thesis to cover Africa's emergin g markets by analyzing privatization and land usage issues, as applied to five countries, including Mal awi. E-Leader Singapore 2010 3 Telecom sales and mobile licenses comprised the maj ority of total value of these regional comparisons in Africa. Overall, the World Bank's Privatization Da tabase revealed that privatization in developing countries, as of 2004-05, continued with 400 transa ctions worth US$90 billion (Kikeri & Burman, 2007). Several common themes emerge from the quanta of this privatization research. First, privatization, as a free market mechanism and strat egy, presents strengths and weaknesses to those governments seeking to maximize the benefits of pri vatization. In this sense, privatization cuts both ways. It is the balancing of these strengths and weakness es, oftentimes left to government-run parastatal bo dies, whose expertise is typically focused on managing an d monitoring large public enterprises that test the se governments' political, legal, and financial mettle in determining the long-term strategies best fit f or ensuring economic prosperity with rival border coun tries and with the global economy, on a larger scal e. Second, the studies focus on broadened ownership c ontrol and internal problems emanating from labor and public perception opposition. Eric Thurm an, a professional advisor to international nongovernmental organizations ("NGOs"), for example, i n supervising grants to developing countries, many of which are found in Africa, observes that for the ma jority of ordinary Africans, many will not set foot in a bank during their lifetimes. His anecdotal eviden c is further compounded by the fact that he and hi s consultant cohorts have provided micro financing to many African small businesses. The internal probl ems with which he is confronted on a continual basis ar e the unique economic realities that most rural Afr ican people must contend for basic survival.


We appreciate the thoughtful comments from Dr. Jack Fowler on our recent manuscript of an estimation of radiobiological parameters for head and neck cancer (HNC) and the clinical implications [1]. [...].


The aim of this paper is to approach an understanding of time through the concept of "poetic time," and to do so by exploring the connections between theorizing, creativity, and ethics. Poetic time, in this sense, is a subjective phenomenon that we experience in our moment-to-moment acceptance of our ethical relationship to others. This acceptance is enacted by the decision to share our own allotment of time—our finite amount of time—with others, and others with us. This sharing of time finds and simultaneously creates spaces of mutuality and moments of poetry; it reveals and constructs worlds of mutuality.


1. Zura Kakushadze
 1. is president and co-founder of Quantigic Solutions LLC and a professor in the schools of business and physics at the Free University of Tbilisi in Tbilisi, Georgia . (zura{at}quantigic.com)

2. Jim Kyung-Soo Liew
 1. is an assistant professor of finance at the Johns


PURPOSE: A method for driving a liquid crystal display and a driver circuit thereof are provided to increase a response speed of a liquid crystal. CONSTITUTION: According to the method for driving a liquid crystal display, a control part receives an image control signal and then outputs an inversion signal and a data signal and a gate signal to a data driver and a gate driver. The gate driver receives the gate signal of the control part and then outputs a gate driving pulse to a liquid crystal. The data driver outputs a plurality of data voltages to the liquid crystal by being synchronized to the gate driving pulse of the gate driver. And a common voltage is output to the liquid crystal so that the common voltage is varied to have an opposite polarity to the data voltage.


This thesis work is devoted to study the general case of the Gauss-Bonnet Theorem for compact oriented surfaces without boundary known as the Gauss-Bonnet-Chern Theorem which provides a fundamental relationship between the geometry of the space and its topology. For that some topics frequently used in this area were studied, we can mention Riemannian manifolds, differential forms on manifold and with values in a Lie algebra, Euler characteristic, among others.


There is an obvious need to diagnose lung cancer using novel noninvasive and sensitive biomarkers. In this regard, the aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare sputum matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP‐2) in relation to serum MMP‐2 of lung cancer patients and other nonmalignant lung diseases in order to establish a new diagnostic and prognostic biomarker with a valid noninvasive technique.


The function of education is the transformation of culture and values to students, in order to be able to understand, internalize and convey to the next generation. One of them is character education. Of course character education will be very good if it is supported by other sciences. This article is supported by psychology. The research method used in this article is a literature review research method or literature study, which contains relevant theoretical theories. The conclusion of this article states that character education shapes a person's personality through character education, the results of which can be seen in one's real actions, namely good behavior, honest responsibility, respect for others, hard work, and so on. Character education is supported by educational psychology. Educational psychology is more of a science that can be applied in everyday life, especially on how our society manages learning. Educational Psychology develops into a science that focuses on the discovery and application of psychological principles and techniques into education, so the scope of educational psychology includes topics that are closely related to character education. Character education goals are very good to use and develop. Contents, methods in the form of implementation, methods in the form of guarding, educational tools in the form of action, environment for character education, and students, both to be used and developed which are supported by other sciences apart from psychology.


The High-Energy Ray Observatory (HERO) is a space experiment based on a heavy ionization calorimeter for direct study of cosmic rays. The effective geometrical factor of the apparatus varies from 12 to 60 m$^2$sr for protons depending on the weight of the calorimeter from 10 to 70 tons. During the exposure for $\sim$5 years this mission will make it possible to measure energy spectra of all abundant cosmic ray nuclei in the knee region ($\sim$3 PeV) with individual resolution of charges with energy resolution better than 30\% and provide useful information to solve the puzzle of the cosmic ray knee origin. HERO mission will make it also possible to measure energy spectra of cosmic rays nuclei for energies 1-1000 TeV with very high precision and energy resolution (up to 3\% for calorimeter 70 tons) and study the fine structure of the spectra. The planned experiment launch is no earlier than 2029.


Improving the flexibility of regional power grid is an important means to solve the problem of energy abandonment. Quantitative calculation of flexibility demand is the premise of unit transformation and optimal allocation of flexible resources. This study analyzed the definition of flexibility demand, and established the model of flexibility demand. In this paper, random variables are introduced to describe the flexibility demand, and the sequence operation theory is used to solve the model. A case study is given to verify the proposed method. The results prove that the proposed method can calculate the probability distribution of flexibility demand in the planning year without detail information of units. It can provide a reference for the capacity transformation of units and the optimal allocation of flexible resources.


Preface Introduction 1. 'A Narrative of Undermine': Gertrude Stein's Multiplicity 2. Recurrencies: No. 12 of Louis Zukofsky's Anew 3. 'Instant Entirety': Zukofsky's 'A' 4. 'Not at All Surprised by Science': Louis Zukofsky's First Half of 'A' - 9 5. 'Actual Word Stuff, Not Thoughts for Thoughts': Williams and Zukofsky 6. 'Only Is Oreder Othered. Nought Is Nulled': Finnegans Wake and Middle and Late Zukofsky 7. 'To Make Glad the Heart of Man': Bunting, Pound and Whitman 8. Six Plaints and a Lament for Basil Bunting 9. Exploring the Mere: A Note on Charles Reznikoff's Shorter Poems 10. Robert Creeley What Counts 11. 'Go Contrary, Go Sing': Robert Duncan 1919-1988 12. Writing as Assemblage: Guy Davenport 13. And The Without: An Interpretive Essay on Susan Howe Notes Index.


ABSTRACT In the present study, we have investigated the self-association, mixed micellization, and thermodynamic studies of a cationic gemini (dimeric) surfactant, hexanediyl-1,6-bis(dimethylcetylammonium bromide (16-6-16)) and a cationic conventional (monomeric) surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of pure (16-6-16 and CTAB) and mixed (16-6-16+CTAB) surfactants was measured by electrical conductivity, dye solubilization, and surface tension measurements. The surface properties (viz., C20 (the surfactant concentration required to reduce the surface tension by 20 mN/m), ΠCMC (the surface pressure at the CMC), Γmax (maximum surface excess concentration at the air/water interface), Amin (the minimum area per surfactant molecule at the air/water interface), etc.) of micellar (16-6-16 or CTAB) and mixed micellar (16-6-16+CTAB) surfactant systems were evaluated. The thermodynamic parameters of the micellar (16-6-16 and CTAB) and mixed micellar (16-6-16+CTAB) surfactant systems were also evaluated. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


A graph H$$ H $$ is common if the number of monochromatic copies of H$$ H $$ in a 2‐edge‐coloring of the complete graph is asymptotically minimized by the random coloring. The classification of common graphs is one of the most intriguing problems in extremal graph theory. We study the notion of weakly locally common graphs considered by Csóka, Hubai, and Lovász [arXiv:1912.02926], where the graph is required to be the minimizer with respect to perturbations of the random 2‐edge‐coloring. We give a complete analysis of the 12 initial terms in the Taylor series determining the number of monochromatic copies of H$$ H $$ in such perturbations and classify graphs H$$ H $$ based on this analysis into three categories:Graphs of Class I are weakly locally common. Graphs of Class II are not weakly locally common. Graphs of Class III cannot be determined to be weakly locally common or not based on the initial 12 terms. As a corollary, we obtain new necessary conditions on a graph to be common and new sufficient conditions on a graph to be not common.


The work reports a microcavity in-line Mach-Zehnder interferometer sensor for real-time, label-free monitoring of a non-cancer bone marrow stromal cell line HS-5 responses to two cytotoxic agents, namely dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).


Prostatitis is a pathologic state of prostate inflammation accompanied by lower urinary tract symptoms and pelvic pain, reducing the quality of life in males of all ages. There is currently no established treatment modality for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS). In this review, alpha-blocker monotherapy was compared with combination antibiotic therapies. Alphablockers are the most commonly used medications to treat CPPS, administered to over 40% of CPPS patients. The use of antibiotics in CP/CPPS is an alternative treatment option. There are no studies showing the efficacy of antibiotics in CP/CPPS patients. However, antibiotics are commonly prescribed to patients with CP/CPPS, often leading to patient improvement. A combined regimen of alpha-blocker, antibiotic, and anti-inflammatory therapy showed improvement in patient symptoms; however, the results were similar to monotherapy with alpha-blockers. When alpha-blocker monotherapy was compared with three multidrug therapies via randomized controlled trials, monotherapy was shown to be more effective than multidrug treatment. There is no definite treatment for CP/CPPS because it is caused by various factors, and symptoms are different for each patient. CP/CPPS patient care should be managed in a manner that identifies and treats all symptoms simultaneously and appropriately. Recently, urinary, psychosocial, organ-specific, infection, neurologic/systemic, and tenderness (UPOINT) was introduced in order to better treat patients. However, UPOINT has not been extensively studied in clinical trials, and the mechanical principles of UPOINT have yet to be elucidated. Alpha-blocker monotherapy and antibiotic combination therapy showed considerable improvement in CP/CPPS patients (by National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index scores).


Iain McIntyre's How To Make Trouble And Influence People existed for over a decade as a series of zines devoted to uncovering a secret history of creative troublemaking in Australia - ludic and prankish activities that nagged at the accepted forms of political action, as well as the grand targets of capitalism, colonialism, patriarchy and war. The zines were read voraciously by a generation of activists, artists, and punks; this wasn't the neatly calculated outrages of Dada coffee table books and Fluxus monographs, this was downand-dirty direct action in our own backyard!


PURPOSE To evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and the development of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in preterm infants. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study of a population-based cohort of infants who were born between 22 and 32 weeks gestation from 2007 to 2011. Maternal and infant data were extracted from the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD) and the California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative (CPQCC) datasets, from 136 neonatal intensive care units. Infants with major congenital anomalies, and those without neuroimaging performed were excluded. …


We, in this paper introduce four new notions called Combined Disjoint Block FCM (CDBFCM) of equal size (and of varying size), Combined Overlap Block FCM (COBFCM) of same size (and of varying size), Combined Disjoint Block FRM (CDBFRM) of same and varying sizes and Combined Overlap Block FRM (COBFRM) of same and varying sizes. This paper has three sections. Section one, we introduce the notion of combined disjoint block FCM of equal sizes as well as of unequal sizes. In section two we introduce the notion of combined overlap block FCM of equal sizes as well as varying sizes. In the final section of the chapter we introduce the new notions of Combined Disjoint Block FRM and Combined Overlap Block FRM.


ful ruler it is an injury and an insult that men anywhere should defy his law. It is the habit of emperors to patronize the weak, hate and scorn the barbarians and in the end countenance only vassals. While ambitions and goals of empire are infinite, however, no historic universal empire has ever succeeded in conquering the world. Lesser powers have always remained who retained independence on the periphery. What is so remarkable in Wesson's study is that he finds this principle as relevant to the ancient Chinese empire over against the independence of Korea as to the Roman empire or the Old Kingdom of Egypt in relation to sturdy little states that resisted them on their borders and marches. Specialized scholars, particularly in history and archeology, may well quarrel with Wesson's interpretations. Political scientists who seek discrete and researchable problems will take umbrage at the use he makes of historical data. Yet a bold and courageous intellectual endeavor of this sort, calling on the great mass of available historical and political literature, may help to redress the balance in a discipline torn from its moorings by the imperialism of those political scientists who have appropriated the whole of the discipline while practicing only a small and often insignificant part of it.


PURPOSE: An instructional mobile robot with an event editing function is provided to allow a user to directly edit the motion contents of an event through a graphical user interface, thereby improving the creativity and logical thinking ability. CONSTITUTION: An instructional mobile robot with an event editing function comprises a robot input unit(10), an image output unit(20), an audio output unit(21), a driving part(30), and a controller(40). The robot input unit is inputted with image data, audio data, user setting data or user command data. The image output unit and the audio output unit output image or audio data. The driving part travels for movement or drives a plurality of joints of legs and arms. The controller processes the data inputted to the robot input unit, outputs data through the image output unit and the audio output unit, and transmits control signals to the image output unit, the audio output unit, or the driving part.


The propagation of fast sausage and kink magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) surface waves in an ideal magnetized plasma slab is studied taking into account the Hall term in the generalized Ohm's law. It is found that the Hall effect modifies the dispersion characteristics of MHD surface modes when the Hall term scaling length is not negligible (less than, but comparable to the slab thickness). The dispersion relations for both modes have been derived for parallel propagation (along the ambient equilibrium magnetic field lines).The Hall term imposes some limits on the possible wave number range. It turns out that the space distribution of almost all perturbed quantities in sausage and kink surface waves with Hall effect is rather complicated as compared to that of usual fast MHD surface waves. The applicability to solar wind aspects of the results obtained, is briefly discussed.


The critical equation in the 3-group diffusion approximation was improved by taking into account all the epithermal reactions. For the effective cross section, Westcott's formulation is followed, wherein the s-factor was modified so as to give the epithermal effect accurately. In connection with evaluating the modified s-factor, simple formulas for the effective resonance integrals of U²³⁵ and U²³⁸ were derived for a very dilute homogeneous system and for a natural uranium rod. The present method was applied to the criticality calculation for JRR-3 (Japan Research Reactor No. 3), a natural uranium-heavy water moderated heterogeneous reactor, which went critical on Sept. 13, 1962. The prediction as to the criticality was verified fairly well. (auth)


SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS: Epilepsy Care: The Problem from Child to Adult The Epidemiology of Epilepsy in Childhood Education and Epilepsy Driving and Employment Personal Relationships When Should Anticonvulsant Treatment be Started? Social Implications of Drug Treatment and Withdrawal Cognitive Function and Epilepsy Epilepsy, Anticonvulsants and Pregnancy New Anticonvulsants and Pregnancy New Anticonvulsant Drugs and their Development Temporal Lobectomy in Young People Selecting the Appropriate Therapy NEW AREAS OF STUDY IN EPILEPSY: Recent Developments in Childhood Non-Convulsive Status Epilepticus Ambulatory EEG Monitoring - A Preliminary Follow-Up Study New Techniques in Investigation Photosensitive Epilepsy and Visual Display Units.


Objective To investigate the regulation of fluctuation of beat to beat cardiac cycle.Methods A cardio-electric cycle consists of cardio-electric activity called P-T interval and cardio-electric resting TP segment,P-R interval and Q-T interval constitute P-T interval.The cardiac cycles fluctuate along with the time span fluctuation of sub waves and segments.This paper firstly extracted sub waves and segments based on signal processing methods,then discussed the contribution ratio of all waves and segments toward cardiac cycle fluctuation according to statistics.Results Experimental results indicated that the cardiac cycle fluctuation was mainly consistent with the change of TP segment.The P-T interval varied consistently with P-R interval foremost.Conclusion It is revealed that rule of cardiac cycle fluctuation is very useful for further research to figure out the cardiac function and mechanism.


It introduced overseas projects development of Chinese enterprises,and discussed the threats and hazards of high-risk region.Then,the emergency response strategy was explained.And,the emergency management procedure and emergency response measures were established.Finally,it summarized the key steps and experiences of overseas high-risk region project emergency response.


Provided is a method in which, even if boric acid is not used, a granulated body can be produced without complicating the production process. A method for producing a glass raw material granulated body has a step of granulating, in the presence of water, a glass raw material composition (A) which contains 45-75 mass % of silica, 3-30 mass % of aluminum hydroxide, and 0.4-4.6 mass % of an alkali metal hydroxide.


The paper presents the mid-term progress report of a project granted by the Erasmus+ Programme, focused in particular on three fields that are considered enablers for Smart Cities (SCs): Telecommunications and Computer Networks, IT Security, and Smart Grids (SGs). Policy makers and stakeholders in Palestine (PS) have made the decision to move towards a knowledge-based economy with the aim of providing a rapid but sustainable economic growth. Moreover, the implementation of the SC concept in urban areas is recognized as the mean to promote the development of infrastructures and services, and improve the quality of life of citizens. The project main contributions are: (i) the transfer of know-how from European experts to PS; (ii) the enhancement of capacity building and skills of professors, students, and industry employees. Since Academia-Industry partnerships play a pivotal role in this process, the aim of the project is also to provoke Academia-Industry cooperation, which is not only a national priority, but is also necessary to increase the employability of new graduates.


Due to the rapidly rising costs and to limited financial resources, in recent years, the European health institutions were increasingly encouraged to implement rational tools in order to better manage available resources and to make efficient choices in order to have the best cost-benefit ratio. Due to the strategic role of the Health Care sector is very important in an economic system, the fulfilment of the European standards government requires to develop tools able to fastly identify the inefficiency situations. This contribution aims to study and investigate efficiency in health organization using multivariate methods of data mining (by example, segmentation analysis and neural networks). Its practical interest will be directed in particular to the assessment of organizational appropriateness in health care, in order to evaluate the incidence of the "day hospital" and "day surgery" procedures, analysing their relevance in the health system as well as their appropriate level in the Apulian region. One of the results of such analysis is to understand some decisional mechanism of the Health Care management, as well as the structure of inefficiency in the health network. Key words; health system, segmentation analysis, cost benefit ratio. Introduction: framework of the research This paper aims to evaluate statistical techniques (such as segmentation analysis sample) the quality of hospital services, paying particular attention to a specific aspect: the organizational appropriateness, referring to the use of the instrument of the "day hospital". The organizational appropriateness of health care, particularly in hospital admissions, has recently become a topic of great interest not only in Italy. The overall intention is to move, where possible, assistance from the hospital to the area and avoid unnecessary hospitalizations, or they can be adequately addressed by other means of assistance. In light of this, the objective of this work is to verify, by means of statistical procedures, the organizational appropriateness of hospital admissions made in public and private institutions in a local area, from 2003 to 2008 (latest correct data available at this time, but the identified methodology can be easily applied also to the most recent data). This survey was carried out by using data provided by the Regional Health (ARES) of the Apulia region, consisting of all the information (except identity data) that can be extrapolated from hospital discharge records (HDR) of patients admitted in that region within the relevant time for the survey. The data included in the HDR (now including more than 65,000 diagnostic codes) are grouped according to different classifications: the DRG system (Diagnosis related groups), and the grouping system ACC (Aggregated Clinical Codes, now known as Efficiency analysis in health care.. F.D. d`ovidio, D. Legrande, R. Mancarrella, D. Viola __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 93 CCS), based on clinical criteria of affinity and very useful for epidemiological analysis and health planning, but generally less appropriate DRG for the purpose of economic planning. These ACC are too many for this statistic experiment; then, in this context, we decided to conduct the survey on the 24 ACCs related to cardiovascular disease, with a number of admissions in public and private hospitals of all Apulian area amounting to 1,369,216 (anyway, a number higher than the patients actually hospitalized, due to multiple admissions). Hospital Admissions and Day Hospital The types of hospital admission, different than the ordinary mode, are: Day Hospital (distinguished between diagnostic, therapeutic and rehabilitative) and Day Surgery. The day hospital is a particular type of admission, once typical of hospitals for acute care or with rehabilitation functions; it takes place only daytime, and it consists of one or more programmed "accesses", all recorded in a single patient record (opened at the first admission). The day hospital may include: an integrated assessment of most specialists about the clinical situation of the patient; the provision of specialized services of health care, both medical and surgical, without the need of overnight; monitoring for side effects of particular drugs; the execution of diagnostic procedures, also invasive, for which a brief period of observation is indicated. Often the actions appropriately held during accesses to a day-care may be inappropriate when provided for inpatient (due to the least effort required), or in-patient treatment (because of the complexity of benefits). The key difference between the two admission schemes is the need for overnight in hospitalization; compared to outpatient treatment, instead, the day hospital has the prerogative of the time needed to carry out the performance and especially the need of the patient to be subjected, in this access time, to more medical services or nursing and/or to require a some hours of observation.. Finally, the day surgery is the scheme for the admission of patients who require surgery or invasive diagnostic procedures that, although resolved without The ACC (301 diagnostic ACCs and 231 ACCs of procedures, in ICD-9 CM) were developed since 1993 by the US Agency for Healthcare Quality and Research (AHQR), in order to group the ICD 9 CM in a restricted set of relatively homogeneous classes, useful for researchers and analysts. This classification was progressively obtained by modifying the previous CCHPR (Clinical Classifications for Health Policy Research), following clinical criteria of homogeneity and the frequency of hospital discharges. It was periodically updated following the the ICD. Since 1999 the system was computerized and renamed "Clinical Classifications Software". overnight in hospitalization, require the use of the operating surgery room (its operations and procedures have to be included in the classification of procedures, in order to identify the surgical DRGs). Due to reasons surely valid by a clinical standpoint, the ordinary hospitalization is the preferred choice by health care professionals, relying almost 86.5% of cases, while the Day Hospital (or Day Surgery) is selected only in the remaining 13.5% of cases. However, in the observed period the proportion of admissions in Day Hospital increased significantly, from less than 10% until 16%. Also the ordinary admissions increased by an amount roughly similar (19,263 versus 18,717 DH), but the growth trend is much larger in the last time series: set equal to 100 the respective number of admissions in 2003, in 2008 the inpatient admissions are around 110, while those in DH are more than 190. Characteristics of the hospitalizations, survey assumptions and sampling procedure 3.1 Characteristics of the hospitalizations The hospitalization distribution by sex is almost even, but with a slightly greater weight for males; almost similar is also the choice of DH. Instead, the distribution of hospitalized by age group isn't homogeneous, for obvious medical reasons, as the percentage of patients under 25 years is very low (about 2%), and grows in the range 25-54 (15%). About 45% of admissions are concentrated in the age group 55-74 years, while in the last age group (over 75 years) they are less than 38%: but this age group in the population is less large. Indeed, many of these diseases develop with age or as a result of diseases previously developed. The presence of young people, although a small percentage may be due to complications of childhood diseases or very rare congenital cardiac malformations. As regards the district in which hospitals are located, the district of Bari focuses almost 38% of the total, followed once again by the districts of Foggia (19, 4%) and Lecce (17.6%). Just 5% of hospitalizations concerns the district BAT (Barletta-Andria-Trani), and slightly more (8.3%) is registered in the district of Brindisi. The hospitals of the Bari district are also those that frequently resort to DH (more than 21% of the admissions), while the lower proportion of hospitalizations in Day Hospital can be seen once again in the BAT. Instead, the hospitals of the province of Brindisi point out a fair recourse to the Day Hospital. 3.2 – Survey design and sampling procedure In order to explore the organizational appropriateness of the health care procedures, identifying the determinants of lower rates of Day Hospital admissions respect to the overall rate, a classification analysis was designed in this survey. Interdisplinary Journal of Research and Development "Alexander Moisiu" University, Durrës, Albania


We have developed a 128-directional display having SVGA resolution. We had previously constructed 64-directional, 72-directional, and 128-directional displays in order to explore natural 3D display conditions to solve the visual fatigue problem caused by the accommodation-vergence conflict. We found that these displays enlarge the depth of field of an eye imaging system; however, their resolution was as low as ~QVGA. In the present study, we develop a 128-directional display whose resolution is increased to SVGA, thereby enabling investigation of the influence of 3D resolution on human 3D perception. The newly developed display consists of 128 small projectors having SVGA resolution. Each projector uses one LCOS device, and the field sequential technique is used to display color images. All 128 projectors are aligned in a modified 2D arrangement; i.e., all projectors are aligned two-dimensionally and their horizontal positions are made different from one another. All images are displayed in different horizontal directions with a horizontal angle pitch of 0.28°. The horizontal viewing angle is 35.7°, and screen size is 12.8 inches. The display is controlled by a PC cluster consisting of 16 PCs. In order to correct image distortion caused by the aberration of imaging systems, images displayed on the LCOS devices are pre-distorted by reference to correction tables.


Abstract A scheme is proposed for linking together into a single equation the equations and inequalities that make up a piecewise representation of a non-harmonic, periodic, continuous or discontinuous function. A method using this scheme is proposed in order to obtain, in closed form, the displacement response of linear vibration problems with piecewise-continuous forcing functions. Since the solution is exact, so are the derivatives, i.e. the velocity and acceleration responses. An example is presented.


Fifteen years ago, the question "Why do we lose the war on cancer?" sounded (1). After an interview with the world's leading oncologists, the author presented, in particular, explanations such as: "Cancer is a challenge like no other," "A very tough set of problems," and "Focus on individual cellular mechanisms to the near exclusion of what's happening in the organism as a whole." One of the solutions to the problem would be "Changing the way we think about cancer." Until now, this radical turn has not occurred: the global cancer incidence is growing and many problems remain unsolved. As a result, the advice to change the way we think about cancer and cancer treatment has become even more relevant.


Klebsiella species septicaemia in pigs Dictyocaulosis diagnosed in fattening and adult cattle Parasitic gastroenteritis commonly associated with Nematodirus battus in sheep Goose parvovirus infection in two-week-old goslings Botulism in wildfowl These are among matters discussed in the Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency's (AHVLA's) disease surveillance report for July


Present study is to evaluate the Pharmacognostic, Florescent Analysis and Thin Layer Chromatography of Peltophorum pterocarpum leaf. Fresh and shade dried leaves were selected and powdered for this study. Physicochemical parameters were performed as per WHO guidelines. The powder was investigated by morphology and Florescent Analysis (FA), Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) was analysed according to method described by Chase and Pratt (1949) and Kokoshi et al., (1958). The results of physico-chemical parameters such as determination of total ash, water soluble ash, insoluble ash, loss on drying, alcohol soluble extractive values are tabulated. This crude extract (leaf powder) showed the characteristic physicochemical values like 10.27% (total ash), 6.53% (water soluble ash), 12.5 % (acid insoluble ash), and 0.15% (moisture content). Methanolic extract of Peltophorum Pterocarpum was used for the fluorescent and TLC analysis. Fluorescent characters was observed varied colours like green, Yellowish green, dark green, Reddish brown and Yellowish brown, Blackish brown, Bluish brown, Dark brown, Light brown under different chemical treatments on methanolic extract used for the study. TLC showed nine different compounds with different Rf values, confirmed the presence of different compounds in the plant. From the results the Peltophorum Pterocarpum leaf have potential bioactive constituencies.


Children's savings accounts (CSAs) are designed for accumulating higher education savings with specific incentives and explicit structures to encourage savings, but often benefit low-income families the least because these families' saving efforts are often hurdled by their scarce financial resources. To address this issue, some CSA programs recently experimented with grocery store rewards cards that pay a percentage of purchases directly to CSAs. This study conducted two cluster randomized trials using household-level random assignment to test the impact of a rewards cards program at two different locations: Wabash County Indiana and the City of St. Louis. Findings show the treatment group in Indiana had a greater than three-fold increase in savings activity in CSAs, and in St Louis had a greater than seven-fold increase in savings activity in CSAs. These findings suggest that rewards cards can be an effective strategy for engaging families of different backgrounds in saving activities.


The present study was carried-out at Antoniadis Research Branch, Horticultural Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Alexandria, Egypt during two successive seasons of 2018 and 2019. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of irrigation water contaminated with lead on the growth of Lantana camara plants and the possibility of using citric acid spray treatments to overcome the effects of lead pollution. Seedlings of Lantana camara were planted individually in plastic pots (20 cm diameter) filled with 5 kg of sandy soil. The lead contaminated irrigation water treatments were 0,100, 200 and 300 mg/l. The plants were also monthly sprayed by citric acid at concentrations of 0, 250 and 500 mg/l. The results showed that for vegetative growth parameters there were no significant difference in the interaction between lead concentrations in water of irrigation and foliar spray by citric acid, while significant reductions were observed in all parameters after irrigation with lead contaminated water. However, significant increases in vegetative growth parameters were observed after 500 mg/l citric acid application. For chlorophyll and carbohydrate contents, the highest significant value was obtained in plants irrigated with tap water and sprayed with 250 mg/l citric acid while the highest significant level of lead content in leaves, stem and roots was obtained due treatment by 300 mg/l lead without application of citric acid.


The effect of temperature on ACF thermocompression bonding for FPD assembly was investigated, It was found that Au bumps on driver IC`s were not bonded to the glass substrate when the bonding temperature was below so bonds were made at temperatures of , and for further testing. The bonding time and pressure were constant to 3 sec and 3.038 MPa. To test bond reliability, FPD assemblies were subjected to thermal shock storage tests (, , 1 Hr, 10 Cycles) and func! tionality was verified by driver testing. It was found all of FPDs were functional after the thermal cycling. Additionally, Au bumps were bonded using ACF`s with higher conductive particle densities at bonding temperatures above . From the experimental results, when the bonding temperature was increased from to , the curing time could be reduced and more conductive particles were retained at the bonding interface between the Au bump and glass substrate.


This paper proposes the application of network processors (NP) as high speed packet processors for automotive multimedia and control networks. A review of automotive networking technology and protocols is provided. A high level MOST-enabled NP architecture is described. Considerations such as cost, performance, power consumption, configurability and security issues for a proposed NP in-car hub are discussed.


This economic evaluation uses wholesale cigarette sales data from manufacturers to compare cigarette sales before and after implementation of provincial and federal bans of menthol cigarettes in Canada.


This paper describes the treatment of a 4½-year-old autistic boy who exhibited phobic responses to the sounds of flushing toilets. He was successfully treated using reinforcement and laughter: the latter service as an anxiety inhibitor. At 3- and 6-month follow-ups the child was symptom-free.


The results of a series of studies show clearly that young women's attitudes toward "men managing external affairs women internal" this concept of gender role have a connection with their marital and child-bearing status, with the admission degree of their social roles, with their strengths or weaknesses as well as with their residential areas and scope of daily activities. Young women's concept of sex role forms a kind of bi-directional interdynamic relationship with their survival and developmental situation. In addition, the micro social environment and individuals' survival and developmental situation have restricted young women in designing and choosing freely a proper gender role.