Opimization of a linear contract of weapon procurement attracts much attention in the field of defense economics for the higher expenditure of weapon procurement.The method combining a bidding model with a principal-agent model is proposed.First,the problems of moral hazard and risk sharing are analyzed.Second,the bidding-competition effect serves to reinforce the risk-sharing effect in determining the optimal contract.Even if the bidders are risk neutral,so that there is no need for risk sharing,the DoD is still need a tradeoff between stimulating competition in the wining firm incentives to limit its costs.Generally,the payment can be made contingent upon both the bids and the true valuation.making payment depend upon valuation introduces moral-hazard problems.Thus,the gains from making payment depend upon valuation must be weighted against the losses from moral hazard.The results show that fixed-price contracts should be used as less as it can be,and the cost-plus contracts are forbidden if there is more than one bidder.Finally the selecting parameters in the linear contract function is given.


The classification,structure and inhibition mechanism of the cystatins superfamily in fish were mainly reviewed.The application perspective of this superfamily in the aspects of acting as candidate factor for meat quality,supressing the surimi gel softening,as well as inhibiting the growth of bacterials and preservation of aquatic products were further summarized.


This thesis proposes a mux abstraction that multiplexes messages of a network file protocol to provide asynchronous access to all system resources on the Plan 9 operating system. The mux provides an easy-to-program asynchronous interface alleviating the need to manage multiple connections with different servers. A modified version of the Plan 9 Web server demonstrates that the mux can be used to implement a high-performance server with user-level threads without having to use a kernel thread for each user-level thread. Scalability tests demonstrate that the mux implementation scales well with hundreds of clients and hundreds of servers. Furthermore, the user-threaded version of the web server performs comparably with the kernel-threaded implementation on disk bound workloads and exhibits an 18% decrease in performance on in memory workloads. These results suggest that the mux could provide performance benefits for more intricate applications that can exploit the fine-grained control of user-level scheduling.


The lane reversal has proven to be a useful method to mitigate traffic congestion during rush hour or in case of specific events that affect high traffic volumes. In this work we propose a methodology that is placed within optimization via Simulation, by means of which a multi-objective genetic algorithm and simulations of traffic are used to determine the configuration of ideal lane reversal.


Background This study was performed to determine the effects of a humidifier with heated wire circuits on the incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat (POST) and cough after thyroidectomy. Methods A total of 61 patients scheduled for elective thyroid surgery under general anesthesia were included in this prospective study. We randomized the patients in to two groups, "without active warming and humidification" (Group C) and "using a heated humidifier" (Group H). The patients were interviewed to obtain the POST and cough scores at 1, 6, 24 and 48 hours after thyroidectomy. Results The incidence of POST was significantly lower in Group H compared to Group C at 6 hours (57% vs 84%, P = 0.041), 24 hours (37% vs 65%, P = 0.045), and 48 hours (10% vs 52%, P = 0.001). Also the incidence of cough was significantly lower in Group H at 6 hours (27% vs 71%, P = 0.001), 24 hours (13% vs 45%, P = 0.015), and 48 hours (7% vs 32%, P = 0.028). The severity of POST was significantly lower in Group H at all times. In addition, the severity of cough was lower in Group H at other times except at 1 hour. Conclusions This result suggests that an active humidification of inspired gases may have the appreciable effect on reducing the incidence and severity of sore throat and cough after thyroid surgery using the endotracheal tube.


The aim of this study is to build civic culture movement model for the healthy community in Gyeonggi Area. This study consists of 6 chapters. Chapter 1 deals with the issues related to the research purpose and scopes in approaching and designing this research. Chapter 2 focuses on why Gyeonggi Area must pay attention to civic culture movement for the healthy community, why civic culture movement takes off as a Gyeonggi local government initiative. Chapter 3 reviews some of the major theoretical frameworks for building civic culture movement model, and provides practical actions on civic culture movement. In chapter 4, To have an insight into civic culture movement we seek to understand and build, The current available case studies on another civil movements are examined. Chapter 5 presents civic culture movement model for the healthy community in Gyeonggi Area that represents the sort of civil movement we want to build. In chapter 6, The implications, limitations, and contributions of this study are discussed in a brief statement. This study is important for two reasons. First, this study enriches and advances our understanding regarding civic culture movement of Gyeonggi Area Level. also this study suggests several important implications for facilitating successful civic culture movement in Gyeonggi Area. Second, For various civil communities who seek to understand and build another civil movement, This study can be helpful in deepening their further understanding about civil movement because some of the major theoretical and practical frameworks for building an efficient and effective civil movement model are discussed throughout this study.


Abstract Heat capacity of a liquid crystal which exhibits a frustoelectric phase has been measured by a high-resolution ac calorimeter. A significant heat capacity peak was observed at the transition. The excess heat capacity for this transition showed a non-Landau critical behavior. The transition was found to be weakly first-order. The data have been analyzed with a preasymptotic power-law equation which includes correction-to-scaling terms.


Significance Combining observations and model results, we show that soil salinization does affect the long-term soil–water balance of saline river basins, eventually acting as an aridity enhancer. The strength of this control depends on the capability of vegetation to cope with salt stress through specific functional traits—i.e., salt tolerance—and is key to the understanding of vegetation–water relations in arid and transitional watersheds. Our approach can also be applied to infer crucial data about the salinization level and vegetation salt tolerance of river basins. Such information is essential to develop reverse-engineering measures to mitigate catchment-scale aridity and salinization, based on salt-tolerance plant traits. Soil-salinization affects, to a different extent, more than one-third of terrestrial river basins (estimate based on the Food and Agriculture Organization Harmonized World Soil Database, 2012). Among these, many are endorheic and ephemeral systems already encompassing different degrees of aridity, land degradation, and vulnerability to climate change. The primary effect of salinization is to limit plant water uptake and evapotranspiration, thereby reducing available soil moisture and impairing soil fertility. In this, salinization resembles aridity and—similarly to aridity—may impose significant controls on hydrological partitioning and the strength of land–vegetation–atmosphere interactions at the catchment scale. However, the long-term impacts of salinization on the terrestrial water balance are still largely unquantified. Here, we introduce a modified Budyko's framework explicitly accounting for catchment-scale salinization and species-specific plant salt tolerance. The proposed framework is used to interpret the water-budget data of 237 Australian catchments—29% of which are already severely salt-affected—from the Australian Water Availability Project (AWAP). Our results provide theoretical and experimental evidence that salinization does influence the hydrological partitioning of salt-affected watersheds, imposing significant constraints on water availability and enhancing aridity. The same approach can be applied to estimate salinization level and vegetation salt tolerance at the basin scale, which would be difficult to assess through classical observational techniques. We also demonstrate that plant salt tolerance has a preeminent role in regulating the feedback of vegetation on the soil water budget of salt-affected basins.


9:00 – 10:00 am Abstract: Recently our research group has performed experimental and theoretical studies of the novel catalytic and electrocatalytic properties Pt-based bimetallic alloys, in particular the subsurface Pt-3d-Pt (3d = Ni, Co, Fe) structures [1-3]. Our research approaches are aimed at bridging the "materials gap" and "pressure gap" using a combination of DFT calculations, UHV studies on single crystal and polycrystalline surfaces, and reactor and fuel cell studies of supported catalysts. In the current talk we will present our recent results on the advantages and challenges of using Pt-3d-Pt as cathode electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cells.


A new bismuth based cuprate has been synthesized with composition Bi15Sr7Ba7Cu6O42.5. It crystallizes in a monoclinic cell with a = 20.121 (5) A, b = 5.509 (1) A, c = 25.736 (10) A, β = 111°08 (2), and the possible space groups are A2, Am and A2/m. A high resolution electron microscopy study showed that its structure results in a periodic rupture of infinite layers similar to those observed in the "2201" modulated superconducting oxide; it involves a sharing mechanism along c forming 2201-type ribbons seven polyhedra wide. A new family of oxides, the "collapsed" 2201-type bismuth cuprates, is described, (Bi2A2CuO6)n-2 (Bi4+xA4Cu2-xO12+x/2), this oxide being the n = 7 member. The existence of defective member n′ = 6 has been shown, which sometimes results in regular local intergrowth [6/7]. The close structural relationships with the 2201 modulated phase is illustrated by the easy junction between the two structures. No superconducting behavior has been detected.


In order to fulfill the requirement of vehicle-to-vehicle communication system for wireless channel fading characteristics and corresponding models, vehicle to vehicle(V2V) wireless channel measurement activities are carried out at the frequency bands of 5.9 GHz and 5.2 GHz in two kinds of tunnel scenes. And small-scale fading characteristics are analyzed for outside the tunnel, inside the tunnel and their junction part. Based on the close-in(CI) log-distance model and ABG (α-β-γ) model, the distance dependent received power models are established. The received power inside and outside the tunnel in the two scenarios are evaluated and compared, and the path loss index is 1.83 and 1.9, respectively. The results show that the CI model with a reference distance of 1 m has higher fitting degree. In addition, the fading distribution of measured data amplitude is compared with five typical theoretical fading distributions, and it is found that its characteristic is closer to the Rice distribution with the minimum goodness of fit value, and the Rice K-factor in the tunnel is smaller than that outside the tunnel. Further, distance-based K-factor models for the tunnel and the junction part are presented. We find that the K-factor at the conjunction area are independent of the distance, while the K-factor inside the tunnel decreases with the increase of the distance.


Our laboratory has developed an in vivo short-term screening test for hepatocarcinogens based on quantitation of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) positive foci. However, γ-GT positive hepatocytes appear in periportal areas under a variety of circumstances apparently unrelated to hepatocarcinogenesis. Glutathione S-transferase placental type (GST-P), which is hardly detectable in normal rat liver, was recently demonstrated as a new marker protein for preneoplastic liver foci. In experiment I, rats were initially given a single dose (200 mg/kg) of diethylnitrosamine intraperitoneally and 2 weeks later were treated with test compounds for 6 weeks. All rats were subjected to partial hepatectomy at week 3. The long-term development of preneoplastic lesions was followed in rats for 50 weeks. The immunohistochemical investigation of GST-P binding and the histochemical demonstration of γ-GT in serial sections revealed that almost all γ-GT foci were GST-P positive, but 5–10% of GST-P foci could not be detected by γ-GT staining. From week 8, many γ-GT foci partially lost γ-GT activity. However, no comparable disappearance of GST-P was evident in the lesions. All hepatocellular carcinomas (HC) found at week 50 consisted of GST-P positive HC cells. In contrast, 37.9% (11/29) of HC were negative for γ-GT. In experiment II (in vivo short-term screening test for hepatocarcinogens), rats were treated in the same manner as for experiment I and killed at week 8. Fifty-eight chemicals were investigated for their potential to modify GST-P positive foci development. All hepatocarcinogens and hepatopromoters clearly enhanced the induction of GST-P foci, whereas non-hepatocarcinogens and non-hepatopromoters did not. BHA and acetaminophen inhibited the development of foci. These results suggest the adoption of GST-P as a new and more accurate marker enzyme for rat liver carcinogenesis.


Heterogeneous 3-dimensional photonic crystals have been prepared by sandwiching self-assembled opal films and forced-assembled Langmuir-Blodgett colloidal crystal films. Strong transformation of the transmission spectra of the light traversing such hetero-crystals has been observed and interpreted in terms of the mismatch between eigenmodes of these photonic crystals and subsequent strong scattering at the interface between these crystals. Direct measurements of the spectra of forward scattered light have confirmed the peculiar character of the light scattering at the photonic crystal interface.


Laser-acceleration of ions has been suggested as a potential basis for technology that is alternative to conventional accelerators for ion beam radiotherapy (IBRT). To investigate the effects of high dose rates that are attributed to high current, short bunch irradiation we have developed an experimental setup that uses laser-accelerated protons. In-vitro human lung cancer cells: A549 pulmonary adenocarcinoma are irradiated with laser-accelerated proton bunches with a duration of 2 × 10−8 s and flux of ∼ 10 cm−2s−1, amounting to single bunch absorbed dose at the 1 Gy level. The double-strand break (DSB) yield in cell DNA is analyzed using the phosphorylated histone H2AX immunostaining method.


Recently more and more electrostatic precipitator has been upgraded, replacing the traditional DC power supply with impulse energisation. Different types of supply voltage were applied to obtain current impulses for reducing back corona, earning energy saving and better efficiency of precipitation. For the evaluation of the effect of impulse energisation, several numerical models were made using different computational methods. A large number of models calculate ion space charge density distribution assuming continuous ionic current between high voltage and grounded electrodes. This assumption can lead to incorrect result when the "travelling time" of the ions and the time period of the supply voltage (duration of the current impulses and "current free" periods) are in the same range. Our new model for the ion space charge density calculation takes into consideration the rapid, time dependent processes providing more reliable results for the evaluation of the precipitation process. By the help of the new model a detailed analysis of different supply modes can be carried out, to obtain the best possible operation of a given electrostatic precipitator.


Would a city-centre nursery ever dream of swapping places with a setting in a remote rural outpost or vice versa? Joe Lepper speaks to nurseries in both locations to get an idea of how they compare.


ABSTRACT All Morita Contexts (A, B, APB, BQA, τ, μ) considered by Abujabal and Nauman (2001) are trivial, i.e., A = A¯ ⊕ U, B = B¯ ⊕ V, and their reduced contexts (A¯, B¯, A¯PB¯, B¯QA¯, τ, μ) induce a Morita equivalence between A¯, B¯. We reformulate their question, precisely and give an explicit example of a context over nonequivalent indecomposable rings with 1, which produces equivalent endomorphism rings.


Atherosclerosis and its inherent complications are one of the more frequent death causes in western world because it is a chronic and progressive disease, which provokes many damages to blood vessels wall. These damages promote the formation of atheromatous and fibrotic plaques, which are thickened regions of the intima of arteries and are formed by fibrotic tissue, plasma and immunocompetent cells, as well as by lipids. Cholesterol of low-density lipoproteins and the oxidative modification of these particles are the center of the hypotheses formulated around the atherogenesis. While, its biological counterpart, the high-density lipoproteins have been classified as antiatherogenous and has been assumed that its decrease is a cardiovascular risk factor, however, recently, has been possible to prove that these criteria aren't absolutes. The clinical trials performed have demonstrated that beneficial effects of cholesterol of high-density lipoproteins depend mainly on its quality and not on its quantity. In present paper are showed new reasons on the function of theses molecules in atherosclerosis.


When the total load of a power plant is determined,there is a problem about optimal load distribution among the parallel operation units.That is economic dispatch.This paper analyzes the coal consumption characteristics and the steam consumption characteristics of each unit according to equal incremental energy consumption rate principle.Optimal load distribution program have been determined among more units.It provides theoretical basis for the optimal operation of thermal power units.


The potential failure zone in a seawall is a hidden danger that requires exact and immediate detection. Of all the different geophysical exploration methods, ground penetrating radar (GPR) has proven to be the most effective, non-destructive, highly efficiency detection method. It has been successfully used to investigate the structure and condition of many seawalls in Eastern China. In this study, GPR investigation was performed as part of a seawall integrity assessment for a maintenance plan. GPR data were collected along the seawall crest and the inner slope with the central frequency of 100 MHz and 400 MHz. Traditional drilling was also performed to explore the main structural layers of the seawall. Combined with the drilling investigation results, the GPR results reveal the distribution of heterogeneous areas, gaps and loose zones in the seawall. It must be noted that GPR interpretation results are consistent with visual observation.


A novel low-loss planar dielectric waveguide is proposed. It is based on a high-permittivity dielectric slab parallel to a metal ground. The guiding channel is limited at the sides by a number of air holes which are lowering the effective permittivity. A mode with the electric field primarily parallel to the ground plane is used, similar to the E11x mode of an insulated image guide. A rather thick gap layer between the ground and the high-permittivity slab makes this mode to show the highest effective permittivity. The paper discusses the mode dispersion behaviour and presents measured characteristics of a power divider circuit operating at a frequency of about 8 GHz. Low leakage of about 14% is observed at the discontinuities forming the power divider. Using a compact dipole antenna structure, excitation efficiency of more than 90% is obtained.


The present invention provides compositions CONTROLLERS soapsuds FOR INCLUSION IN A detergent composition in liquid form comprising an anti-FOAM silica / silicone oil and dispersant wherein the silica is absorbed with a solution containing AN AGENT TENSO-ACTIVE. The present invention also provides compositions containing detergent such compositions CONTROLLERS soapsuds.


The Indian Himalayan region occupies a special place in the mountain ecosystems of the world. These geodynamically young mountains are not only important from the standpoint of climate and as a provider of life, giving water to a large part of the Indian subcontinent, but they also harbour a rich variety of flora, fauna, human communities and cultural diversity. Despite the abundance of natural resources, most of its people are marginalized and still live on subsistence level. The unscientific exploitation of natural resources is leading to increasing environmental degradation and aggravating the impact of natural hazards. There is a need to evolve new paradigm to restore balance between economic interest and ecological imperatives with due regards to socio-cultural principles.


Introduction: Breastfeeding is the natural process of becoming a mother. However, not all mothers can breastfeed with the correct breastfeeding technique, causing problems in breastfeeding and affecting milk production. Methods: This study analyzes the model of colostrum and breast milk production using the Triangle of love theory approach. The research design was a descriptive, explanatory survey. The sample was 95 breastfeeding mothers using the multistage random sampling technique. The sample criteria were mothers breastfeeding infants aged 0-6 months with spontaneous delivery in two public health centers in Sidoarjo regency. Data analysis using structural equation test-partial least square (PLS). Result: The results showed that there was an effect of health workers on colostrum and breast milk production (T = 1.423), there was a lifestyle effect on position and attachment (T = 1.475), and there was an effect of position and attachment on colostrum and breast milk production (T = 2.142). Conclusion: The position and attachment of breastfeeding using the Triangle of love theory approach can help increase colostrum and milk production of nursing mothers. Keywords: attachment, breastfeeding position, triangle of love


Directing at the multiple factors and levels in the complex problem of water consumption, this paper studied and analysed the quality of urban water supply and put forward an analysis model of urban water supply quality based on Extension classification method. Based on the Extension Theory, it modelled relative factors of analysis of urban water supply quality by matter-element method. Than classical domain and joint domain of relative factors of analysis of urban water supply quality were established. Via extension correlation function, the mapping relation between the water supply condition of the urban as research subject and the existing grades of urban water supply condition was established. Based on extension correlation, the grade of water supply condition of the present urban could be obtained. Thus, this grade can offer guidance for water supply of the urban and support for water supply strategy. Finally, by a case study, the model and algorithm were tested and proved feasible and operable.


Aim: Most of the patients with Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) develop arthritis following the onset of psoriasis. The aim of the project is to identify genetic and environmental risk factors for PsA among psoriasis patients. Methods: PsA and psoriasis patients from two prospective cohorts were analyzed. The incidence of PsA among a prospective cohort of psoriasis patients was assessed. The distribution of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) alleles and Killer Cell Immunoglobulin like Receptors (KIRs) and their combinations was compared between PsA, psoriasis and healthy controls. In addition, the association between a wide range of environmental exposures and PsA was evaluated by comparing the frequencies of exposed individuals among patients with recent onset PsA and psoriasis. The association between smoking and PsA was further investigated. The prevalence of smoking was in PsA, psoriasis and the general population. The interaction between HLA-C*06 and smoking was also tested.


In this study, firstly by considering the evolution of a moving space curve, we give some related definitions and some new results about Hasimoto surfaces in Euclidean 3-spaces. Secondly, we examine harmonic evolute surfaces of Hasimoto surfaces in Euclidean 3-spaces and also, we give some geometric properties of these type surfaces. Moreover, we express the properties of parameter curves of harmonic evolute surfaces in Euclidean space. Finally, we give an explicit example of Hasimoto surface and its harmonic evolute surface and also we plot these surfaces.


the forest eco-tourism took at present on international is tourism main form in vogue bay-by-bay ecology. Its prospects for development are broad. Through elaborating, analyzing present situation and its negative effect of forest eco-tourism development , this article proposes countermeasures and the suggestions from the management capacity, the forest culture and the compensating the mechanism to realize the forest ecotourism sustainadl development.


Twenty-seven patients presented in the puerperium with cardiomegaly, abnormal `ECG, and congestive cardiac failure and were considered to have peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM). The incidence of PPCM was significantly higher in women over 30 years of age, in women in their third or subsequent pregnancy, and in the presence of twins or toxemia. Within 6 months, 14 patients had normal sized hearts (group A), and 13 patients maintained cardiomegaly (group B).The 14 patients in group A have been followed for 3 to 21 years (average 10.7 years). Two have died of unrelated causes. Of the remaining 12, eight are functional class I and four are functional class II. Eight patients had 21 subsequent pregnancies, with no permanent deterioration of cardiac function. Of 13 patients in group B, 11 (85%) have died of congestive cardiac failure. Their average survival was 4.7 years; six of 11 were dead in 3 years. Their clinical course was punctuated by repeated admissions for congestive cardiac failure. Six had pulmonary emboli, one had a systemic embolus, and three of six patients with subsequent pregnancies deteriorated in the puerperium. Of the two surviving patients, one is functional class I and the other is functional class II.Therefore, in those patients in whom cardiomegaly persisted, the prognosis was poor, and subsequent pregnancies were likely to lead to permanent deterioration. In those in whom the heart size returned to normal the prognosis was excellent.


The development and use of unmanned airborne systems are currently undergoing a huge transformation. This allows the development of computer technology, new materials for their construction. Reducing airborne funds would enable them to be widely used. This applies to not only military use but also mainly civil use, industrial and commercial use as well. This new use brings new challenges, including security, legislative, technical, social, and so forth. This paper focused on the possibility of having several Unmanned Aircraft Systems movement in urban areas. It contains the description of a philosophical proposal of flight corridors and flight trajectories in urban areas with the example of a small town.


Leakage of fluid from blood vessels, leading to oedema, is a key feature of many diseases including hyperoxic acute lung injury (HALI), which can occur when patients are ventilated with high concentrations of oxygen (hyperoxia). The molecular mechanisms driving vascular leak and oedema in HALI are poorly understood. VEGF‐D is a protein that promotes blood vessel leak and oedema when overexpressed in tissues, but the role of endogenous VEGF‐D in pathological oedema was unknown. To address these issues, we exposed Vegfd‐deficient mice to hyperoxia. The resulting pulmonary oedema in Vegfd‐deficient mice was substantially reduced compared to wild‐type, as was the protein content of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, consistent with reduced vascular leak. Vegf‐d and its receptor Vegfr‐3 were more highly expressed in lungs of hyperoxic, versus normoxic, wild‐type mice, indicating that components of the Vegf‐d signalling pathway are up‐regulated in hyperoxia. Importantly, VEGF‐D and its receptors were co‐localized on blood vessels in clinical samples of human lungs exposed to hyperoxia; hence, VEGF‐D may act directly on blood vessels to promote fluid leak. Our studies show that Vegf‐d promotes oedema in response to hyperoxia in mice and support the hypothesis that VEGF‐D signalling promotes vascular leak in human HALI. © 2016 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.


Hadoop MapReduce becomes the essential framework to store, process and analyse big data in large-scale computing environments. The framework provides numerous opportunities to handle data-intensive applications like web crawling and indexing, data mining, anomaly prediction and machine learning. However, manual configurations of the framework parameters expose to human errors and lead to performance overhead and resource consumption penalties. Existing deployment automation solutions intended to mitigate the limitations by only facilitating the application execution workflow without considering crucial conditions that violates the overall performance after setting up the infrastructure parameters. This paper proposes a self-configured workflow platform with a user-friendly collaborating environment that provides automated setups of the framework paraments to obtain ideal performance compared to the native deployment of Hadoop MapReduce. The self-configured workflow platform has been evaluated in experiments on a real Hadoop cloud-based cluster and the results shows that the execution times are comparable to the native application.


CPD Rheumatology 2001; 2(3):74-76 Abstract The presentation of septic arthritis can be non-specific, but is usually characterised by fever and localised joint pain. Early diagnosis with joint aspiration is crucial to prevent joint deformity or destruction.


Abstract Background The Bronx was one of the first counties in the United States to describe HIV infection, and with over 29,000 PLWH remains an epicenter of the epidemic and a major driver of US outcomes. The Bronx epidemic was historically most among minorities, with heterosexual (HSP) and IDU risk factors predominating, and poor outcomes along the care cascade. The Bronx epidemic is changing, and multiple efforts have been made to address the high needs of PLWH in the area. Up to date data would be enlightening. Methods We identified those age ≥18 newly diagnosed with HIV at Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York in 2013 and 2016. Retrospective review was undertaken of all cases for up to 1 year after diagnosis, including demographics, clinical data, and outcomes along the care cascade. We used univariate, multivariate logistic and cox regression models to identify factors associated with linkage to HIV care (LTC), retention in care (RIC), ART prescribing, and viral load suppression (VLS). Results A total of 217 newly diagnosed cases were identified. Demographics included: 137 (63%) male, 77 (35%) female, 3 (1.3%) transgender; 44% Black, 39% Latino; 80% noncommercially insured; 16% unstably housed; risk factor HSP 57%, MSM 30% (38% 2016, 22% 2013 [P 0.053]), IDU 0.5%; 36% CD4 < 200. Among those eligible, 191/215 (89%) were LTC (median = 24 days, IQR 9–59); 161/214 (75%; 84% of those LTC) were RIC; ART was prescribed to 175 (81%; 92% of those LTC); and 148/189 (78%; 85% of those on ART) were virally suppressed (median = 126 days, IQR 76–282). In multivariate models, no associations were seen between age, gender, race, risk factor, housing, psychiatric disorder; and outcomes of interest. Compared with public insurance, having commercial insurance was associated with earlier LTC (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.6 P < 0.05). Active substance use was associated with delayed VLS (HR 0.5, 95% CI 0.2–1.0 P 0.04). Conclusion The Bronx HIV epidemic has changed dramatically, reflecting new demographics and effective approaches to testing and care across the HIV care cascade. Most of the historical disparities associated with poor outcomes have been eliminated in newly diagnosed PLWH at Montefiore. These findings hold great promise for the future epidemic in the Bronx—and across the US—if the gains can be maintained and replicated. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


This document defines the Subscriber and Performance Policy Identifier Context Headers. These Variable-Length Context Headers can be carried in the Network Service Header (NSH) and are used to inform Service Functions (SFs) of subscriberand performance-related information for the sake of policy enforcement and appropriate Service Function Chaining (SFC) operations. The structure of each Context Header and their use and processing by NSH-aware nodes are described. Stream: Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) RFC: 8979 Category: Standards Track Published: February 2021 ISSN: 2070-1721 Authors: B. Sarikaya D. von Hugo Deutsche Telekom M. Boucadair Orange Status of This Memo This is an Internet Standards Track document. This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 7841. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at . https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8979 Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2021 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents ( ) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info Sarikaya, et al. Standards Track Page 1


The aviation support operations of flight deck are very complicated,in which there are a lot of interactive risk factors,and the fire accidents are often arising,so all of these bring serious hidden troubles on personnel,aircrafts and equipments.Until now,some risk assessment methods have become mature,but these methods are hard to analyze fire risk quantitatively and dynamically.Based on summarizing the current fire risk assessment methods,according to fire safety characteristics of flight deck,the object-oriented Petri Nets is adopted to deal with fire risk assessment of flight deck,and a method based on Petri Nets modeling and simulation is put forward.The proposed method has great meanings in analyzing fire risk of flight deck quantitatively.


The nascent field of spintronics has great potential to enable new types of information processing and storage devices and supplement conventional semiconductor devices. We report a study of nanoscale thermal phenomena in tunnel junctions, which are one of the key building blocks of spintronic devices. Measurements of the thermal resistance of tunnel barrier materials together with theoretical prediction of heat generation rate due to tunneling current enable development of thermal models for tunnel junctions. A nanoscale heating scheme exploiting thermal interface resistance at metal-barrier interfaces is proposed with possible applications in thermally assisted switching of magnetic random access memory (MRAM).


It's an epiphany when you realize seventeen years later that you helped situate yourself in your current position and never noticed the speed at which it happened. You are hardly ever alone, you are working constantly, and you attend all major functions - family or work - by prioritizing. In your first school year, you remember how your principal told you not to burn yourself out, but everything spiraled. Today, you survive every change in plans and you tackle every hardship due to the wisdom gained from past mistakes, or successes. You ask people to let you know in advance, or you might not be able to attend. You live life out of a planner and it was the only way to balance family and work - to see the whole picture of your daily activities. So, you wrote or typed it in. My life is just that - one big schedule. It wasn't always in a well organized planner. Ten years prior to that, it was simply a school calendar and family on weekends as I started out on the career path that I so diligently sought for five years. In addition to my career my husband and I were raising two sons and a daughter while he was also building his career and eventually a trucking business. Work, school, and our young teens' lives formed our calendars. When we first moved to Indiana, I thought I would not have a hard time finding a job in the Midwest. After all, 1 had worked for several companies, with the last as a contracted employee at a major United States corporation. Lots of training went into my employment with the company, and two promotions with a third offered at the end of three years should have enhanced my resume, not to mention the accounting diploma received, and if I needed, the experience I had from working as a dental assistant after attending dental school could be of use. Despite my credentials, 1 had to rethink life at the point when I was turned down because I was classified as overqualified, and companies would only hire me as a temporary employee at the start in a union state. Politics! After about six months as a temporary, 1 was hired as a permanent employee. Due to being a temporary employee at the start, however, 1 also labored in an old reliable field - waitressing. Forty hours of work covered in four days, from Friday to Monday, college classes during the week, a part time job at the start and full time after six months possessed my time without anything else missing a beat. Friday night football games, wrestling meets that lasted all day, and other events that led our children down the same path of occupying every waking moment was cause for sheer exhaustion. We cultivated our patterns as a family unit with all three children working as hard as their parents. The kids even volunteered to attend summer school classes so as to create room in their schedules for other classes they wanted to take during their high school careers. Shocking! Isn't it! Summer classes were not the easiest courses, but it could be a physical education class that involved swimming, which they would rather take during warmer months. Not that we were against it, but these were the arguments presented to us that justified their attendance at school during the summer months. To top it off, all three were in band - a flutist, a clarinetist, and a tuba player. Living in sports all year long, attending school all year long, and participating in band all year long was challenging for them as well as to us and our careers. Then, eventually the oldest had the bright idea to find employment, which added to the calamity of our schedules. The other two thought it would be lucrative as well to their teen existence if vocational schools entered our lives - engineering and cosmetology. Somewhere in between each one received a driver's license. Considering the trucking business did not enter into existence until late 200 1 and 1 did not start my masters until 2003, we were already in training for the future by the events that transpired between 1994 and 2000. …


Leading contemporary theories of nations and nationalism has modernity as a point of departure. These theories however, are biased towards explanation and disclosure. The nation, as we know it, is a cultural construction, but if we continue to focus on this aspect of national identity and nationalism only, it will leave us unable to understand the impact of these phenomena. We have to look for new perspectives if we are to grasp the essence of national identification in todays society.


The case histories are reported of three patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) in whom the initial Guthrie screening for PKU was falsely negative. Possible explanations for this problem are reviewed, as well as the limited cost-effectiveness of general re-testing. Guidelines are suggested to im prove the sensitivity of PKU screening procedures for newborns.


The paper states the specific role of the verity category in the Russian culture and its distinctive feature, which is lack of legal awareness. The "people's verity" phenomenon appeared as a result of denial of right, therefore the author analyses its characteristics and compares it to the religious verity. The paper contains a brief research of the Russian people's urge for the social benefit and its negative, anti-right results which were terror and losing of the democracy grounds in Russia.


With a high proportion of new energy sources and a high proportion of power electronic equipment, the power quality problems of active distribution networks (ADNs) are complex, diverse, and prominent, bringing severe challenges to the reliable and high-quality operation of the power system. In order to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the distribution networks, it is necessary to conduct real-time monitoring of the power quality of the distribution networks. However, the traditional monitoring method usually requires a large number of sensors to collect massive grid data throughout the distribution networks for power quality analysis. As a result, the installation process of sensors and communication devices is complicated, the data transmission is huge, and the cost is very high, which is not conducive to the large-scale promotion and application of the monitoring system. This paper fully considers the operation characteristics of the ADNs and uses the impedance modeling method to study the distribution law of power quality worst points in the distribution networks after large-scale new energy access. Based on the distribution characteristics of the worst points, a low-cost and low-data-dependence power quality monitoring method for ADNs is proposed. The simulation results based on actual engineering are in agreement with the theoretical analysis, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Object. This study was undertaken to assess the efficacy and safety of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) for the treatment of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) located within the brainstem. Methods. The results of GKS performed in 87 patients with brainstem AVMs at two centers with experienced physicians are reviewed. The mean patient age was 37 years and the population included 19 children. The male/female ratio was 56:31. The malformation was located in the upper brainstem in 52 patients. Seventy-four percent of the patients had suffered a hemorrhage before GKS. For 70% of the patients no other treatment had been proposed before GKS. The mean AVM volume was 1.3 cm3. The lesions were treated with one to eight isocenters, with a margin dose ranging between 11.5 Gy and 30 Gy. The mean clinical follow-up period was 3.2 years. Ninety-five percent of the patients improved or remained neurologically stable. Rebleeding occurred in three patients at 3, 6, and 16 months, respectively, after GKS. Two patients in who...


BACKGROUND
Many treatments have been proposed for non-resectable primary or secondary hepatic cancer but the results have been disappointing. Isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP) was attempted five decades ago but it has been accepted recently after spectacular tumour responses were obtained by several phase I-II trials.

DATA SOURCES
An English-language literature search using MEDLINE (2003), Index Medicus (2003) and bibliographic reviews of books and review articles. IHP and its history and recent clinical application.

RESULTS
IHP offers unique pharmacokinetic advantages for locoregional chemotherapy and biotherapy. Surgical isolation of the liver and percutaneous techniques using balloon occlusion catheters are reliable and safe. They appear to have significant efficacy even in patients with advanced tumor burden or those with tumors refractory to other types of therapy.

CONCLUSION
IHP which has been developed in recent years is becoming a promising strategy for the treatment of unresectable liver cancer.


Shrinkage is a common problem on selective laser sintering workpiece with Nylon6,uneven contraction results in warping deformation.There are plenty of factors affecting its precision including material characteristics of itself,sintering process parameters etc.In this paper,by adding wollastonite to improve the precision of nylon material,using the principle analysis method,find the rule that the warping height with the amount of wollastonite and the sintering process parameters change,such as laser power and preheating temperature.


We first of all define the arrow of time. Definition of the arrow of time will allow choosing different initial starting points. One of the issues we will also discuss is the interconnection between the arrow of time, entropy and quantum information. Seth Lloyd in his 2001 work made a linkage between entropy, bits, and information via an axiomatic approach involving time intervals. Our take is a bit more general. We will discuss as well the t'Hooft's statement as to initial conditions and times arrow, and how different cosmological models may influence initial conditions. Spoilers alert, if a nonsingular start to expansion existed, this would provide the most straightforward way to avoid a datum from classical relativity. That is, that in the actual equations of classical GR, there is no reason to have time asymmetry. Time asymmetry is built into initial conditions and we will detail several candidates. The first half of the paper brings up cosmology models and forming the arrow of time. The second is related to entropy itself and the problem of information.


The purpose of this paper is to explore the significance of Chinese invaded cities in the urban planning history through a comparative view of the modern urban planning theories and methodologies of Qingdao (Tsingtau) and those of the developed world from the late 19th century to mid 20th century. After reviewing the German Plan in 1898~1906 and the Japanese Plan in 1941, the paper concludes that the basis grounds of the urban planning practices in Qingdao between 1897~1945 were of the realistic physical planning, rather than of the commonly assumed utopian garden city. Therefore, Qingdao, once being a modern planning lab objectively, helped forward the theories and methodologies of the world′s modern urban planning between the late 19th century and mid 20th century.


Monitoring and evaluating national and subnational responses in support of children orphaned or made vulnerable by AIDS (OVC) present a number of challenges. Most OVC programmes require multiple interventions across different sectors. In most countries, targeting parameters for identifying 'vulnerable' children are fluid and difficult to define or measure concretely. Along with weak national monitoring systems and a lack of development partner or government interest and funds, these factors make the monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of OVC programmes difficult. Of the 15 countries in East and Southern Africa (ESA), which have developed national plans of action (NPAs) in support of OVC, nine have M&E plans. In their early periods of implementation, most countries are piloting the development of data collection systems and tools at community, district and national levels. Along with a desk review, semi-structured consultations were held with over 100 national OVC M&E stakeholders from 10 countries in ESA as part of a regional capacity-building exercise. This paper reviews their progress, constraints and lessons learnt, before making recommendations. Most countries do not have reliable baseline information or a clear 'denominator'. Subsequently, numbers rather than percentages are used frequently when reporting on coverage, which gives little indication of the scope or efficacy of interventions. Many countries also reported challenges in defining and monitoring the quality of care provided, therefore the consistency and quality of the support being provided is largely unknown. Another major gap is the fact that OVC indicators are rarely included across key sectors' data collection systems (e.g. health, education). To help overcome these challenges, recommendations include the following. While for national monitoring and evaluation purposes, measurable, discrete, evidence-informed criteria should be employed – for project or programming purposes, targeting criteria should be sufficiently flexible and responsive based on community realities and the child's immediate needs. Every opportunity to use and disaggregate existing data should be exploited, while the establishment of parallel data collection mechanisms should be avoided. While quality assurance mechanisms should be established to monitor service coverage, no pilot should be undertaken without the design and implementation of an evaluation to accompany it. These should include a baseline and the establishment of comparison control groups, isolating and assessing the outcomes that the intervention is having on children.


To the Editor: El-Serag (Sept. 22 issue)1 recommends that for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis, lesions greater than 2 cm in diameter require one study with typical imaging features, whereas lesions 1 to 2 cm in diameter require concordant findings from computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These recommendations appear to be based on the 2005 American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) guidelines.2 More recent guidelines by the AASLD recommend that if lesions greater than 1 cm in diameter appear to be typical for hepatocellular carcinoma (arterial hypervascularity and venous or delayed-phase washout) on either CT or MRI, then no further investigation is required and the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma is confirmed.3 These recommendations have been reflected elsewhere.4 We welcome El-Serag's comments regarding whether the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma may be satisfactorily made with a single imaging method for lesions greater than 1 cm in patients with cirrhosis.


Objective To investigate the effect of comprehensive treatment of protrusion of the cervical intervertebral disc. Methods We reviewed 158 cases of protrusion of the cervical intervertebral disc. Of them, 82 were treated comprehensively and 76 only with medicines. Results 56cases in the group treated comprehensively were cured, the cure rate being 26% higher and the recurring rate 46% lower relatively. Conclusions Comprehensive treatment can increase curative effect, shorten course of treatment and reduce recurring rate.


Old English ARCHIBALD, ELIZABETH, AND DAVID F. JOHNSON (eds.), Arthurian Literature XXX. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer. 2013. xi+169pp. £50.00 hb. CLAYTON, MARY (ed. and trans.), Two Ælfric Texts: The Twelve Abuses and The Vices and Virtues. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer. 2013. x+201pp. £60.00 hb. COLMAN, FRAN, The Grammar of Names in Anglo-Saxon England: The Linguistics & Culture of the Old English Onomasticon. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2014. xii+310pp. £75.00 hb. KRAMER, JOHANNA, Between Earth and Heaven: Liminality and the Ascension of Christ in Anglo-Saxon Literature. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 2014. xi+250pp. £70.00 hb. NEIDORF, LEONARD (ed.), The Dating of Beowulf: A Reassessment. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer. 2014. x+250pp. £60.00 hb. RAMBARAN-OLM, M. R., John the Baptist's Prayer or The Descent into Hell from the Exeter Book: Text, Translation and Critical Study. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer. 2014. ix+249pp. £60.00 hb. STOKES, PETER A., English Vernacular Minuscule from Aethelred to Cnut circa 990 – circa 1035. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer. 2014. x+297pp. £60.00 hb.


Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of Catechin Liposome were studied in 10 healthy rabbits following single intravenous (25mg/kg) and oral administration (25mg/kg)of the drug. Plasma concentrations of. Catechin Liposome were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The concentration-time data were fitted to a two-compartment model following a single intravenous injection in rabbits. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: distribution half-life (t1/2α) (0.18±0.01)h,elimination half-life (t1/2β) (1.52±0.08)h,apparent distribution volume (Vd) (4.48±0.24)L total body clearance (ClB) (2.05±0.07)L/h,the area under curve (AUC) (29.20±1.00)mg/(L.h). The drug concentration-time data also were fitted to a one-compartment open model with first order absorption after a single oral administration Catechin Liposome. The pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: t1/2kα (0.27±0.03)h, t1/2ke(1.72±0.04)h, tmax (0.87±0.05) h, Cmax 6.53±0.62 mg/L, AUC 25.90±1.34 mg/(L.h), bioavailability F 88.60±5.73%. Pharmacokinetic characteristics of Catechin Liposome in healthy rabbits showed a rapid absorption, the time to reach Cmax is short, slow elimination, long half-life, large apparent distribution volume, and high bioavailability of oral administration. The results showed:after Catechin was prepared in liposome form, the tissue distribution and pharmacokinetics were changed significantly.


Runoff plots are widely used worldwide to monitor water and soil losses. Sediment concentration in runoff collection tank is measured by stirring-sampling procedure, but this method may produce high measurement error due to the uneven mixing of collected sediments with water and soil particle deposition. This study aimed to identify the relationship between actual and measured sediment concentrations, so as to estimate the systematic error of sediment concentration measurement from runoff collection tank by traditional stirring-sampling procedure and the possibility to eliminate it. Four major soils including black soil, silt loess, clay loess, and purple soil in China were used to determine the correlation between the measured and designed sediment concentrations in laboratory. Tested sediment concentration was 1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 20, 50, 80, 100, 200, 500, 800, and 1000 kg/m3, and total sediment-laden water volume was 50 L and 100 L. Five samples were collected successively from collection tank for each treatment and their sediment concentrations were measured by conventional oven-drying method. The results showed that all the measured sediment concentration values were smaller than the designed ones, but both the measured and designed values were linearly correlated significantly with determination coefficients greater than 0.8, generally. In the whole tested concentration range, the systematical error was –0.19 to –319.95 kg/m3 and relative error was 0.30%-84.5% for the 4 tested soils and 2 total sediment-laden water volumes. These results indicated a necessity and possibility to correct conventional sediment concentration measurement value. The result is usable to assess and correct the measurement error of sediment concentrations from traditional runoff plot.
Keywords: collection tank, measurement error, runoff plot, sediment concentration, stirring-sampling method
DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20191203.4208

Citation: Huang Y H, Zhao H, Li F H, Yuan P J, Wang W, Zhang G H. Measurement errors on sediment concentration from traditional runoff collection tanks and its correction possibility. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2019; 12(3): 77–83.


It is essential to study forest biomass,which is an important quantity character for forest ecosystems.Although intense studies have been carried out on the biomass of Larix olgensis plantations,little attention was paid on the dynamics of biomass and carbon storage with age structure variation.We researched the age structure effect on forest biomass and carbon storage by investigating its vertical distribution of Larix ologensis plantations.For many years excessive cutting and slighting fostering,the stand quality and the function of forest ecosystem have descended in Dong Zhelenghe forestry centre of Yi Chun,China.By analyzing the vertical distribution biomass of different components for Larix ologensis plantations in a homogenous site condition,the biomass distribution in age sequence was studies.The study was aimed to provide the quantitative reference for improving the productivity and carbon storage by adjusting the stand structure.The proportions of trunk,bark and living branch biomass were less correlated with age structure,but that of leaves decreased with stand growth significantly.We analyzed vertical distribution of biomass for different components in varying-age stands.The relationship between biomass and tree height showed a uniform pattern among age structures.The bark-and trunk-biomass descended with tree height,and that of living branches and leaves concentrated in middle of tree canopy,while the dead-branches biomass appeared less difference vertically.The biomass proportions of coarse,medium and fine roots decreased with stand age,but opposite for main-root biomass.The relationship between stand biomass and stock volume was fitted as W=0.4909M+9.6624(R2=0.8893).We know from the estimated results that the total biomass of Larix olgensis young plantations in the study area was 1273.72t/hm2,and carbon storage 656.98 t/hm2.The total biomass of middle-age forests was 15480.13 t/hm2,or carbon storage 7984.65 t/hm2 as.Total biomass of the pre-mature and mature plantations was 7684.41t/hm2,or carbon storage was 3963.62t/hm2 as.The forest biomass or carbon storage is expected to increase under shifting age structures and new management strategies.


This chapter offers a reconstruction of Rousseau's legal theory as an alternative to modern liberal constitutionalism. In particular, the chapter focuses on the political economy of Rousseau's constitutionalism: the constitutional function of private property and money are both addressed as key pillars of his constitutional doctrine. The chapter then briefly retrieves the traces of this radical aspect of Rousseau's constitutional doctrine in some Jacobin and Marxist authors.


A method for establishing additional reverse link carriers in a multi-carrier wireless system is provided to improve transmission efficiency by receiving a power regulation signal and transmission indicators at a regulated power level according to the power regulation signal. An MS(Mobile Station)(2) accesses a network server through a BTS(3). A BSC(Base Station Controller)(4) receives transmission from the BTS(Base Transceiver System). A BS(Base Station)(6) exchanges messages with a CSCN(Circuit Switched Core Network)(7) and a PSCN(Packet Switched Core Network)(8) and transmits data. A VLR(Visitor Location Register)(9) reads information for regulating voice communications. Subscriber information is allocated to an HLR(Home Location Register)(10) of the CSCN. An AC(11) manages authentication information related to the MS. A PDSN(12) of the PSCN routes a packet data traffic from the MS. An AAA(Authentication/Authorization/Accounting) server(13) authenticates, certifies, and registers an IP related to the packet data traffic. An HA(Home Agent)(14) registers the IP(Internet Protocol) of the MS, redirects the packet data from the FA(Foreign Agent)(15), and receives preliminary information for the user from the AAA server. The PDSN is connected to Internet(16).


In an era of growing internationalization, requesting—a demand made by a requester asking a favor of another person (Nelson et al 2002) -- has played a vital role in cross-cultural interactions. Since making requests involves the speaker's effort to get assistance from the hearer, it is intrinsically face-threatening (Brown and Levinson 1987). The use of politeness strategies then comes into play to soften the face threats. Moreover, since the notion of politeness is perceived differently across cultures (Blum-Kulka 1987), politeness strategies become helpful only when formulated in a socially and culturally appropriate way. This article explores linguistic politeness in requests based on politeness theories, linguistic politeness across cultures, shortcomings of universal politeness theories, studies of culture-specific politeness, and teaching linguistic politeness to EFL requesters.


Taken the maintenance of a PC cable-stayed bridge as the background,a simulation and calculation analysis on the construction control of strengthening and maintenance of the bridge was conducted and the scheme of stay cable force adjustment was optimized by GQJS software.After rehabilitation of cable tension rocker bearing,bonding steel plates,and strengthening by external prestressing tendons,some construction control targets and safety measures for adjusting stay cable forces were provided.The adjustment steps and methods were introduced,and the corresponding calculation result of the service stage of this bridge was presented.Construction monitoring result shows that(1) the geometric shape of the main girder was improved obviously after adjustment of stay cable forces,the cable force distribution of all stay cables is very well,(2) concrete stresses,displacements at the top of pylons,and cable forces of tension rocker bearing were considered simultaneously.Therefore,the desired structural goals were achieved in the construction control of stay cable force adjustment,and the structural safety was ensured.


This article analyzes cultural globalization as the emergence of a transnational cultural field, integrating Bourdieusian field theory with globalization theory. Drawing on interview materials and secondary data analysis, it compares the "opening up" of national television fields in France, Italy, the Netherlands, and Poland and the formation of a transnational TV field with (partly) its own standards, practices, and cultural geography. Cultural intermediaries, such as television buyers, are crucial to this transnational field, mediating and maintaining relations between the national and transnational arenas. These transnational professional create transnational practices and quality standards and diffuse them into national cultural fields.


This research aimed at observing and describing the processes and the results of the actions implemented in improving the ELT classroom interaction of the gh grade students of MTs NW Hikmaturrahim,  Lombok Tengah. This research was a collaborative action research study. The subjects were the English teacher and the gh grade students of MTs NW Hikmaturrahim, Lombok Tengah in the academic year of 201112012. There were two steps in conducting this research, namely reconnaissance and action. The research instruments used in this study were  observation sheets  and  questionnaire. The data  were  collected through observation and questionnaire. The results of the research are as follows. After implementing the  group-work,  reward-punishment, and  visual  media  as  an integrated teaching-learningstrategy in two cycles, the students were not afraid in speaking, all groups felt  brave to speak with the English teacher or with other students, almost all of the students were active in the classroom interaction with the English teacher or with other students, the students were more motivated to study than before, it could overcome the students' laziness to study, and, the students were interestedin the ELT process.


The present study intended to examine the status of scientific production of faculty members in Al-Zahra University (PBUH) to determine the extent to which Al-Zahra University (PBUH) has been successful in scientific-research tasks. Goal: The present study was conducted to investigate the status of scientific production of faculty members in Al-Zahra University over 2005-2009. Method: This research has been done by survey method. The data were collected through checklists and descriptive-analytical statistical methods were used in this study. The research population was 299 faculty members of Al-Zahra University (PBUH); their required information was collected by the university research portfolio, University Jihad Scientific Database, Research Institute Database and Iranian Scientific Document Information, Iranian Magazines Reference (magiran), Simorgh database, Documents Organization and National Library of Iran and Web of Science database of ISI Scientific Information Institute. Findings: Findings show that the highest percentage of papers are related to internal and international journals in 2008, the highest percentage of book production in 2009, the most works presented in internal and international conferences in 2006, research projects in 2005, and guidance of theses in 2006. The scientific production published 471 internal scientific research papers, 266 internal review papers, and 921 papers indexed in international journals. Also, over the years, 192 books have been authored, 23 books translated, 541 works presented in internal and international scientific conferences, 538 research projects, and 1574 cases related to the thesis's guidance. Regarding the language of productions, the study shows that out of 1475 scientific productions, 921 titles are in Persian, 532 titles are in English, and 22 titles are in Arabic. In all faculties, the highest number of productions is related to the guidance of the thesis. Testing the hypotheses shows a significant difference between the variables of degree and academic rank with the scientific output of faculty members. However, there was no significant difference between the gender variable and the scientific output of faculty members. Originality/Value: Since the status of scientific production of Al-Zahra University faculty members has not been studied so far; this study can show the share of Al-Zahra University for the country's scientific production.


Henry George came to believe that economists, motivated by professional and pecuniary interests, had rejected the classical ("scholastic") political economy of Smith, Ricardo, Senior, and Mill expressly to neutralize his arguments for the single tax, which were based on classical principles. Despite its intellectual and popular success, his magnum opus, Progress and Poverty, had been maligned or ignored by most professional economists. A few had "resorted to misrepresentation," but "the majority preferred to rely upon their official positions in which they were secure by the interest of the dominant class, and to treat as beneath contempt a book circulating by thousands in three great English-speaking countries and translated into all the important modern languages." (1) In 1894 George wrote: "Progress and Poverty" has been, in short, the most successful economic work ever published. Its reasoning has never been successfully assailed, and on three continents it has given birth to movements whose practical success is only a question of time. Yet though the scholastic political economy has been broken, it has not been, as I at the time anticipated, by some one of its professors taking up what I had pointed out; but a new and utterly incoherent political economy has taken its place in the schools. (2) George noticed "the first evidence of a change" in a widely distributed 1886 article announcing that the old political economy, based on Smith's "system of natural liberty," was dead, having been displaced by the German Historical School. (3) Economics as a discipline was rapidly professionalized during the last two decades of the nineteenth century. The American Economics Association was formed, professional journals were founded, and colleges hired professors with advanced degrees to teach economics. American universities did not yet have graduate programs in economics, however, so many Americans earned their Ph.D.s in Germany. Here they were exposed to the Historical School, which held that generalizations in economics could not be developed until all the facts are assembled, and that in any case theory is inherently conditional and historical; there are no universal truths. Here, too, graduate students were exposed to an "entirely different philosophical and political heritage from that of England," one which "was more oriented toward group behavior and the social uses of property than toward political and economic individualism." (4) George rejected both the nationalistic philosophy and the antitheoretical, inductive methodology of the German tradition. His vision of good government--"the administration of a great co-operative society ... merely the agency by which the common property was administered for the common benefit"--was wholly at odds with the German state-centered ideal. George refers to the "protectionism" espoused by American economists, first at the University of Pennsylvania and "rapidly and generally followed," which he attributes to "an acquiescence in the views or whims of the wealthy class, dominant in all the colleges." (5) The Historical School was indeed the most visible new development in economics during the 1870s and 1880s. It never, though, conquered mainstream economic thought. Economists soon came round to the view that both deduction and induction are useful in economic science. As it turned out, it was the "Marginal Revolution" that routed the old paradigm--and it was a leading American marginalist, John Bates Clark, who became George's most prominent, determined, and influential opponent. Clark (1847-1938) has been called "the first major American economist." (6) A co-founder and president of the American Economics Association, he received his graduate training in Heidelberg and Zurich. After teaching at Carleton College, Smith, and Amherst, he was recruited in 1895 by Columbia University, where he remained to the end of his career. …


Earlier studies of Vietnamese prosody, which, to a single exception, looked at the Northern dialect, portray a language in which intonation is weak, variable and idiosyncratic. The intonational targets typically proposed in autosegmentalmetrical models (boundary tones, pitch-accents) have remained elusive. This may very well be due to the fact that almost all previous experimental work was conducted on relatively unnatural read speech; in fact, research conducted on natural conversations has revealed that intonation may surface in peripheral areas of grammar where lexical tone plays a low functional role, like backchannels and repair utterances. In this short paper, an eight-hour corpus of Southern Vietnamese spontaneous speech is used as a basis for investigation. I first show that, just as in Northern Vietnamese, there is little evidence for strongly phonologized boundary tones in Southern Vietnamese. I then put forward evidence that although an effect of intonation is seen in discursive monosyllabic utterances, this effect seems more optional and less categorical than in Northern Vietnamese.


Carbon capture and storage (CCS) from oil facilities is an important and effective way to reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Consequently, gas-processing facilities will be dealing with a tremendous quantity of CO2 with high pressure. Therefore, the aim of this study is to simulate the dispersal of CO2 gas leakage from high-pressure pipelines of the gas-processing facilities. The modeling of CO2 leakage from pipelines at CCS process has been problematic because of the lack of appropriate source term models that handle the complex behavior of CO2 correctly during release. In this study, OLGA 7 simulator was utilized for predicting outflow rates and duration of ruptured CO2 pipelines at different leakage scenarios (leakage sizes). OLGA 7 simulator was selected due to its capabilities in simulating gas pipeline leak scenarios in various designs and operating conditions such as Operation Pressure, Isolation valve spacing (IVS), and Emergency response time (ERT). The results of the OLGA 7 simulator provide appropriate source conditions for the selected dispersion models. Gaussian atmospheric dispersion model was chosen to simulate the CO2 gas dispersion behavior within the platform; it is very effective and simple. The effect of operating and design parameters (Operation Pressure, Isolation valve spacing (IVS), and Emergency response time (ERT) on the dispersion behaviors of the released gas in different leak scenarios was studied. The results showed that the emergency response time has the greatest effect on the mass of the accumulated leak (kg) and thus on the level of gas concentrations, and this effect is more pronounced for large leakage sizes. Also, the results showed that the emergency response time had no effect on levels of distance gas concentrations, but it had a significant effect on the duration of the leaking.


Mixed rare-earth metal ions of Y~(3+),La~(3+),Lu~(3+),are separated in the medium of citric acid by high voltage paper electrophoresis.These complexes of Y~(3+),La~(3+),Lu~(3+) with morin(2',3,4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) are irradiated with an exciting light at 426 nm to produce a fluorescence on the filter paper,and then the fluorescence intensity of the complexes on the filter paper were determined at the wavelength of 494 nm.The detection limits of Y~(3+),La~(3+),Lu~(3+) are 0.30,0.15,0.045 ng/μL respectively.The method had been successfully applied to the determination of Y,La,Lu in synthetic samples of mixed rare-earth.


A method of digital / analog conversion method according to the invention, by fractionation of a duty cycle. Such a method finds application in measuring the ratio of two impedances Z1, Z2 comprised in a cell connected to a measuring device and consists in generating square signals (Vh) by means of a clock (2) , period good, constant, to apply during the first clock half-cycle, a voltage Vr at the input of impedance Z1, and a zero voltage V0 to the input of impedance Z2, then of applied during the second half clock period a voltage Vm at the input of each of the two impedances Z1, Z2, apply, the impedances Z1, Z2 with their outputs connected to a line (7) of output impedance , the signal of said line (7) to the inverting input (10) of an operational amplifier (12) mounted in looped adder on an impedance of the same nature as Z1, Z2 and applying the output (14) of the operational amplifier (12) to the input (16) of a synchronous detector (18) controlled (20) by the clock (2), in view ext rary an error signal E.


This study presents a methodfor rapidly collecting, processing, and interrogating real-time abiotic and biotic seabed data to determine seabed habitat classifications. This is donefrom data collected over a large area ofan acoustically derived seabed map, along multidirectional transects, using a towed small camera-sled. The seabed, within the newly designated Point Harris Marine Reserve on the northern coast of San Miguel Island, California, was acoustically imaged using sidescan sonar, then ground-truthed using a towed small camera-sled. Seabed characterizations were madefrom video observations, and were logged to a laptop computer (PC) in real time. To ground-truth the acoustic mosaic, and to characterize abiotic and biotic aspects of the seabed, a three-tiered characterization scheme was employed that described the substratum type, physical structure (I.e., bedform or vertical relief), and the occurrence of benthic macrofauna andflora. A crucial advantage ofthe method described here, is that preliminary seabed characterPresent address: Marine and Coastal Environment Group, Geoscience Australia, GPO Box 378, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia


The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxicity of ionizing radiation on medical personnel using the micronucleus assay and to determine the human health risk. Paired Student's t-test shows significant statistical difference between the total number of binucleated (BN) cells with micronuclei within the two groups (exposed and control) (t=6,812; p<0,05). The mean of MN frequencies in the exposed group increased in comparison with the mean of MN frequencies in the control group. The formation of small and large micronuclei indicates that medical personnel who are exposed on radiation in their work place, have a chromosomal instability and a risk of cancer.
Key words: micronucleus, lymphocytes, genotoxicity, ionizing radiation, cancer


In the 1940s and 1950s, a land conflict took place in northern Parana state, Brazil with nationwide impact, named by the contemporary press as the "Porecatu war". The movement took body and shape from the intervention by militants and directors of the Brazilian Communist Party, who were able to organize a land struggle using a wide net of sympathizers, including armed struggle. The movement was violently stifled by the police and repression forces, leading to its demise. Consequently, thousands of peasants were deserted and expelled from their lands, displaced to other areas of the state and Brazil.


In this study, we use affective computing technologies to evaluate the emotions entrepreneurs display and convey to others. Rather than assume that the emotional experience of entrepreneurship is consistent across individuals, we examine variation between entrepreneurs in such expression. Further, we uncover substantial variation in emotional expression within individuals as they reflect on different specific aspects of their venture and entrepreneurial experience. Using 37 videos of entrepreneurs telling their oral histories, sampled every 200 milliseconds, we uncover key differences between and within entrepreneurs across their stories. Further, we identify important affective triggers such as failure, motivation to start their venture, significant accomplishments, and future plans and goals.


Ginkgo biloba is a dioecious heterophyllous tree species with two leaf types. Short shoots always bear many leaves, which are undivided or slightly bilobed, but long-shoot leaves are smaller and are deeply divided into two or more lobes. To clarify the functional difference between the two leaf types, we investigated the morphology, anatomy, gas exchange, and hydraulic traits of the two leaf types in male and female trees. Our results showed that long-shoot leaves possessed a lower specific leaf area (SLA), higher leaf thickness, gas exchange rates, and average tracheid number than short-shoot leaves. When compared to short-shoot leaves, long-shoot leaves in male trees had higher leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) and leaf water potential of 50% loss in Kleaf (leaf P50), while female trees exhibited relatively higher Kleaf. When comparing sexual differences, male trees possessed higher leaf thickness, leaf dissection index, vein density (VD), and predawn leaf water potential and lower SLA, tracheid number, and midday leaf water potential, while no significant difference in leaf P50 was observed between the two sexes. Male trees exhibited greater leaf gas exchange rates, which were tightly associated with other functional traits, such as VD and Kleaf. We found strong shoot-based and sex-related heterogeneities in the leaf hydrology, anatomy, and economy of Ginkgo biloba. Moreover, male ginkgoes may perform better due to their greater leaf hydraulic efficiency and gas exchange rates.


Thin disc lasers are capable of kilowatt output whilst maintaining high beam quality. A number of recent reports replace the traditional multi-pass quasi-end pumping scheme with the much simpler side pumping. Efficient performance under the latter scheme requires the use of composite crystals or ceramics, including those where dopant is confined to the centre of the disc. Successful growth of appropriate materials (e.g. Yb:YAG) via Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) has been demonstrated, and various approaches are being investigated to overcome excessive strain in thick films. With high growth rates and simple setup, PLD would therefore seem an ideal method for growing crystals for thin disc applications, if an appropriate film confinement method can be found. Nanoscale patterning of PLD-grown films using membrane masks has been demonstrated previously by other groups. A different approach is needed, however, to create the much larger structures required for centrally-doped composite thin disc crystals. We report the growth of ~millimetres diameter, ~microns thickness crystalline garnet circles on 10 mm square Y3Al5O12 substrates using two methods of lateral film confinement. The first method consists of growth through a 25 µm thick laser-machined silicon mask applied to the substrate surface. The second uses a metal cone to funnel the ablation plume to an area in the centre of the substrate. The relative merits of each method will be discussed, as well as some of the pitfalls to be wary of, particularly mask/cone-substrate contact and its effect on circle edge slope. Work is also currently ongoing to combine the cone growth technique with dual beam, dual target deposition. Doped material will be deposited through a cone at the same time as undoped material, to create a single hybrid crystal with a graded interface between the doped and undoped regions. The results of these investigations will also be presented.


It summarizes the modification management with PDM in the process of product manufacture,presents the standard flow description used for the optimal modification process.This method can identify the rework in the product development.


The main design points of the European Community proposal for an injector module suitable for ITER are described. Such a module has to deliver 8.3 MW of 1.3 MeV D° to the plasma for very long pulses, up to 2 weeks in duration. The design takes as starting assumptions the use of a ''pure volume'' D− source, an electrostatic accelerator, and a D2 gas neutralizer. Subdivision of the neutralizer reduces the total gas flow, which, combined with differential pumping at the source, minimizes the required cyro pump speed. The combined 'in line' electrostatic residual ion deflector and dump are also subdivided, which reduces the required deflection angle and electric field. The expected power densities on all components except the beamline calorimeter are relatively low, permitting the use of conventional cooling technology, giving good inherent safety and long component lifetime. The beamline calorimeter, where the expected power density is <7 MW/m2, is not exposed continuously to the beam, and such power densiti...


Cloud computing is being paid a lot of consideration both in scholastics and ventures, from exploring researchers to clients. Cloud computing is a membership-based administration which gives arranged storage and PC assets. With the beginning of this pay-per-use innovation, the application facilitating, capacity, conveyance and cost of computing are diminished considerably. With all the advantages of cloud computing there are certain flaws like fault tolerance associated with them. There are many models of fault tolerance given by different researchers which have their own benefits and limitations. In this paper, we aim to study and compare various scheduling algorithms in cloud computing with respect to fault tolerance. The pros and cons of these algorithms are also briefly discussed for comparison. There are a lot of findings going on in the area of fault tolerance in cloud computing and this study will definitely help the researchers to build an efficient fault tolerance framework. This analysis can also be employed for evaluating appropriate framework.


This research aims to present the effect of data fusion of probe and VICS travel time information. VICS, which is so-called Advanced Travel Information System in Japan , collects link travel time based on loop or ultra-sonic detector speed, and updates travel time information every 5 minutes via on-board navigation system. However, it provides travel time information only for highways and major arterial roads on which detectors are installed, and assumes constant travel times for other miscellaneous links. When the major roads are jammed by heavy traffic, it can be happen that VICS navigation system will mislead a driver to the route consisting of minor roads of which the traffic conditions are uncertain and can be severe as well as the major roads. On the other hand, probe or floating car data collection system attracts considerable attention to survey the travel times of links widely over a city. At this moment, even though the frequency of data updating for link travel times with probe system would not be so high, we can utilize the probe data to spatially complement VICS data, in order to reduce the uncertainty of travel time information. In this paper, the methodology of data fusion proposed here will be explained at first. In the second part, the practice using real VICS and probe data collected in Nagoya-city will be presented to demonstrate the effect of data fusion.


Leathers are coated by the characteristic oils and waxes,and then the finished leathers are effected by the external forces(i.e.pulling forces,stretches,bendings,foldings and so on).As a result,the colors of the leathers may be different in depth,due to the various absorption and reflection of the leather surface to the sunlight.The grain color recovers to the original one if the outside forces disappear.That is the pullup effect.Oil-wax pulluped leather depends on the solid and fine grains of the crust.The effects on the oil-wax pullup are the oil and wax fixation and penetration depth.The preparation of the oil-wax pulluped cattlehide sofa leathers with softness and sponge feelings are introduced in this paper.


ANALYSE is a clinical decision support system to support ECG interpretation and diagnosis. It consists of ECG interval measurement prompts, drop down menu options and free text annotations areas.


This research aimed to identify the relationship between habit of watching English movie and vocabulary of grade VIII students' at SMP Negeri 6 Palu. It applied correlation research with a quantitative data approach. Students of Class VII-A, which consisted of twenty-five students, were selected as the sample for this research using the purposive sampling technique. The instruments of this research were questionnaires, vocabulary tests, and the SPSS 26th version. The result of data analysis using the correlation coefficient product moment and SPSS 26th indicated the relationship between students' habit in watching English movies and vocabulary is positive in the high category of relationship (0,702) with a significant level (α = 0.05). Then, comparing the value of the r-counted, which is higher than the r-table, indicates that students' habits of watching English movies contribute to their vocabulary. Therefore, students with a high frequency of habits in watching English movies have a higher probability of gaining a lot of new vocabulary.


Abstract In this paper, we study the existence of multiple solutions of fractional impulsive integrodifferential equations with nonlinear boundary conditions. By applying the Amann theorem and the method of upper and lower solutions, we obtain some new results on the multiple solutions.


Scad (Decapterus sp.) is one of the small pelagic resources that play a big role in the fishermen's economic sector in PPI Pusong, Lhokseumawe. Based on time series data within a period of 5 years (2016-2020) scad production tends to fluctuate every year, while the scad fishing grounds are farther than the previous 5 years, namely 4-20 miles to 80-200 miles. This is one of the indications of the disruption of fish resources. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on the analysis of sustainable potential (MSY), and the utilization rate of scad landed at the PPI Pusong. This research was conducted in March-April 2022. The data used in this study used primary and secondary data with a sample number of 25 purse seine. Based on the results of data analysis, an MSY value of 1,482 tons/year was obtained, with optimum efforts (Fopt) of 1,930 trips/year and the number of catches allowed (TAC) of 80% MSY of 1,186 tons/year. While the average utilization rate is 70.95%, which is in the optimum level category. However, the precautionary approach to the use of scad must still be controlled in its fishing, so that scad resources remain sustainable.


The present invention provides a method for maintaining communication service quality and a communication device thereof, wherein at least a first wireless accessing technique module and a second wireless accessing technique module are configured in the communication device, and furthermore a wireless transceiver is shared. The first wireless accessing technique module is maintained in a first service cell through the wireless transceiver, and the second wireless accessing technique module is maintained in a second service cell. The method for maintaining the communication service quality comprises the following steps: determining the number of adjacent cells monitored by the second wireless accessing technique module according to the state of the second service cell in data transmission period of the first wireless accessing technique module; and monitoring determined number of adjacent cells for the second wireless accessing technique modules. The method for maintaining the communication service quality and the communication device can relieve data turnover amount reduction and prevents an excessive continuous occupying problem.


For appraising the effect of mosaic control on evolution of insecticide resistance, we simu-late the effect in the laboratory by using a syn thetic population of Culex pipiens pollens as mo-del inseet. A synthetic strain (M) was constituted at the R individual frequency of 0.1 for both malathion and fenvalerate (named RM for monofactorical and RF for polyfactorical, respectively) And then the M strain was divided into three sub-strains at F1. The Rmf sub-strain was treated by mosaic control with malathion and fenvalerats, and compared with Rm and Rf sub-strain which were treated separately with one of the above insecticides. After 10 generations, the resistance of Rm and Rmf to malathion was 266.4- and 6.1-fold, respectively, but the resistance of Rf and Rmf to fenalerate was both more than 243.3-fold only after 5 generations The simulation results showed (1) that mosaic control with unrelated insecticides could retard resistance development in given conditions and (2) that it was extremely effective for monofactorical but little for polygenictraits. The strategies for resistance management are also discussed.


The historic writing course of History of Western Music(7th edition),an United States authority music history work,based on the conception of huge history.The article discussed,analysed and explained the new styles of the book,and pointout that to use for reference of the new result of music historiography in the West is an importment precondition of origin music historiography research for Chinese musicians.


This article proposes and implements a long-range wireless power drive (WPD) system using a magnetic extender, which can be promisingly applied in underground pipeline transportations and in-pipe robots. Generally, the underground pipeline transportation networks usually rely on the power grid and control system to regulate the flow rate. Nonetheless, such wired pipeline networks mainly suffer from increasing the construction cost, maintenance difficulty, and system complexity. By using pulse frequency modulation, the development of the proposed long-range WPD enables a wireless pipeline network for flow rate regulation, which has the advantages of robust structure and reduced maintenance requirements. With the addition of a designed magnetic extender, the circuit network can offer an excellent fault tolerance capability for underground sensor-free WPD while maintaining a high transmission efficiency. Significantly, the use of a magnetic extender will cause no inconvenience thanks to its underground deployment. Accordingly, the system efficiency of a full-scale prototype can reach around 89.1% for the meter-range WPD. Theoretical analysis, computational simulation, and prototype experimentation are given to verify the feasibility of the proposed long-range WPD using a magnetic extender.


This paper investigates dipolar Bose‐Einstein condensate modeled by the Gross‐Pitaevskii equation with harmonic confinement and dipolar interaction potential. With the help of a new estimate of the kinetic energy as well as a mechanical analogy, the known results of collapse[14] have been extended to a new ample condition for the existence of blowup solutions.


The first in a series of annual reports designed to provide new ideas for faculty at California's Los Rios Community College District, this document reviews innovative instructional techniques and presents an overview of classroom-based assessment and cooperative-collaborative learning. Following a brief introduction, the report describes (K. Patricia) Cross and Angelo's (Thomas A.) Classroom-based Assessment Model, which asserts that classroom assessment should be learner-centered, teacher-directed, mutually beneficial for students and teachers, formative rather than summative, context-specific, and ongoing. This section also reviews Cross and Angelo's Classroom Assessment Techniques, including background knowledge probes, minute papers, asking students to identify a lecture's main principle, and punctuated lectures, in which teachers pause to allow students to reflect on class material. Next, the paper outlines principles of cooperative and collaborative learning and suggests that goals include increasing student achievement, creating positive relationships among students, and promoting healthy psychological adjustment. This section also describes differences between cooperative and collaborative learning and provides sample cooperative-learning approaches, such as partnered learning, peer tutoring, and having groups of students become "experts" on selected course material. Finally, the paper provides a summary of recent developments in cooperative and collaborative learning and classroom-based assessment. (BCY) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ******************************************************************************** Trends in Teaching and Learning Innovation Judith A. Beach ler Betty Glyer-Culver Los Rios Community College District Office of Institutional Research U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY J. A. Beach ler TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)."


List of Illustrations Acknowledgments 1: How Times Have Changed 2: Prostitutes, Progressives, and Moral Panic, 1907-1914 3: Early Enforcement, 1910-1916 4: Blackmail and Extortion 5: The Case of Caminetti v. United States 6: Pieces of the Caminetti Puzzle 7: The Morals Crusade, 1917-1928 8: The Focus Shifts, 1929-1943 9: The Crusade Sputters, 1944-1959 10: The Mann Act and the Sexual Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s 11: The Collapse of Federal Standards of Morality Appendix: White Slave Traffic Act [Mann Act] of 1910 Notes Index


1538 Background: Breast cancer (BC) in young women is associated with worse prognosis and positive family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer with risk gene mutations, particularly BRCA gene germline mutations. However mutations in the BRCA1/2 genes explain only 10% of BC cases diagnosed before 40 years. Little is known about the genetic basis of early-onset non carriers of BRCA1/2 familial or non-familial cases but aggressive tumor characteristics may be derived from specific oncogenic pathways. Based on these facts, our assumption was that in young (≤ 35 years) patients (pt), with or without familial history, molecular random events may modulate pathways involved in carcinogenesis. Methods: We evaluated gene expression profile in Brazilian young women with and without BC familial history, excluding those with BRCA 1/2 mutations. Thirty one pt with maximum 35 years were included, 50% with ER(-) tumors, 11 and 20 pt reported positive FH(+) and negative FH(-) familial history (NCCN criteria) for BC can...


In the previous work, the author gave the following symplectic/contact geometric description of the Bayesian inference of normal means: The space H of normal distributions is an upper halfplane which admits two operations, namely, the convolution product and the normalized pointwise product of two probability density functions. There is a diffeomorphism F of H that interchanges these operations as well as sends any e-geodesic to an e-geodesic. The product of two copies of H carries positive and negative symplectic structures and a bi-contact hypersurface N. The graph of F is Lagrangian with respect to the negative symplectic structure. It is contained in the bi-contact hypersurface N. Further, it is preserved under a bi-contact Hamiltonian flow with respect to a single function. Then the restriction of the flow to the graph of F presents the inference of means. The author showed that this also works for the Student t-inference of smoothly moving means and enables us to consider the smoothness of data smoothing. In this presentation, the space of multivariate normal distributions is foliated by means of the Cholesky decomposition of the covariance matrix. This provides a pair of regular Poisson structures, and generalizes the above symplectic/contact description to the multivariate case. The most of the ideas presented here have been described at length in a later article of the author.