M recently, more than 90% of the new HIV infections in China occurred through sexual transmission, particularly among the men who have sex with men (MSM). Therefore, it is urgently needed to develop effective and safe microbiocides to prevent sexual transmission of HIV. We previously have shown that a chemically modified bovine milk protein, β-lactoglobulin (3HP-β-LG, also known as JB01) is effective against infection by a broad-spectrum of HIV and SIV. It is highly stable, soluble, safe and abundant in milk. Therefore, we have been developing JB01 in a slow-release gel formulation as an effective, safe and inexpensive microbicide for prevention of HIV sexual transmission in China and other countries. Later, we have demonstrated that JB01 is also highly effective against infection by HPV strains, including both the highand low-risk types. Mechanism studies have demonstrated that JB01 protein that carries increased net-negative charges, because of the modification of the positively charged lysine and arginine residues, blocks HPV entry through its interaction with the positively charged proteins, such as L1 and L2 proteins on the surface of HPV. The results from a randomized open-label clinical trial of a JB01 biological dressing (JB01-BD) administered intravaginally have demonstrated that JB01-BD is safe, since no serious adverse events were recorded. The deteriorated vaginal micro-environment, due to the HPV infection, became normalized after the treatment. While only 13.5% of women in the non-treatment group becoming HPV-negative, about 60.5% of HPV-positive women in the treatment group became HPV-negative (P<0.001). These results suggest that JB01-BD is a safe and effective topical biological agent for the treatment of cervical HPV infection and reduction of morbidity of cervical cancer caused by the high-risk HPV infection. Since its approval by China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) in 2013, JB01-BD has been used in more than 500 hospitals in China for treating women with cervical infection of HPV.


appliqud. Abstract. The coupled motion of the vortex lattices of two electrically insulated, superimposed, superconducting thin films (primary and secondary) in a perpendicular magnetic field, is predicted to exhibit a Josephson-like behavior. For a dc applied current flowing in the primary film, the voltage difference between the time-averaged primary and secondary flux flow voltages obeys the equations of a resistively shunted junction model. If an ac current is superimposed on the dc currenj, Shapiro-type steps are predicted in the current-voltage characteristic. In contrast to the conventional Josephson effect, the voltage positions of these steps can be tuned by the applied magnetic field. The sensitivity to rf or microwaves of a conventional Josephson coupled junction is related to the phase coherence provided by the weak overlap of the superconducting wave function of the two superconducting electrodes forming the device. The effect of an extemal electromagne- tic radiation, of frequency v, on a Josephson junction is characterized by current steps in the current-voltage characteristics, I(V). The voltages V,,, at which the nth step occurs, are directly proportional to the applied frequency, V,,=n(h/2e) v while the ratio v/V, = 484 MHz/~ V is constant. A different type of weak coupling can be obtained between two electrically isolated, superimposed, superconducting films in a perpendicular magnetic field. Figure I shows the configuration of the two superconducting films separated by a dielectric layer D. The applied


A new and simple method for measurement of serum T4 is introduced in which a modified 131I-T3 resin sponge uptake is used. Unlike the conventional 131I-T3 resin sponge uptake, this new method can measure T4 concentration in the serum without regard to the amount of T4 binding protein in the serum sample. After 2 ml of the serum sample has been deproteinized, the standard stock serum is added to the free T4. Then the 131I-T3 resin sponge uptake method is applied to this mixture. The T4 content of the serum sample is measured using the standard calibration curve of 131I-T3 resin uptake values obtained using various concentrations of a T4 solution. The values for T4 iodine (μg/100 ml) in various groups of diseases were: 1) hypothyroidism, 2.3 ±0.70 (mean ±sd); 2) euthyroid subjects, 5.7 ±1.08; 3) hyperthyroidism, 10.9 ±2.30; 4) pregnancy, 7.0 ±1.31; and 5) nephrosis, 2.3 ±0.94. Satisfactory reproducibility was observed by the duplicate determinations. These results proved that this method could be used as a ...


Potential field methods are discussed as possible solutions to obstacle avoidance for mobile robots. A new solution to well known problems associated with potential fields is presented. The design of a general control system, using frequency domain analysis of the input signal, that matches the path planning method to a robot's dynamics, is discussed. Preliminary experimental results are presented and suggestion for further work proposed.


The high level of protection that exists in many countries is a source of irritation to the normative biases that most economists hold in favor of liberal trade policies. Public-choice explanations of protection, however, suggest that interest groups vie in the political system for self-serving policies, including tariffs and other forms of protection. Such an approach explains the existence of policies that do not seem to be in the "national interest" of aggregate economic efficiency. This paper examines aggregate time-series data for the United States from 1890 to 1970 in order to test some of the hypotheses that arise from this public-choice approach. Specifically, Granger-causality tests are carried out over a set of international and macroeconomic variables for the 1890-1970 period. A vector autoregressive (VAR) methodology is employed to examine the data for several reasons. First, theories of tariff endogeneity suggest that tariffs are created and changed in the political system in response to certain economic factors. However, the standard theory of tariffs suggests that feedback effects exist from tariffs to many of the same economic factors: for instance, the price level, income, unemployment, and the trade balance. Therefore, a structural regression model with causality preestablished may be misspecified. Furthermore, the political process is slow to respond to pressure in some cases. This implies that an uncertain lag structure lies behind the relationship among time-series variables. Using a VAR model allows flexibility in selecting a lag structure. A VAR model is also useful for eliminating secular changes in variables.' Consequently, we expect to establish a set of causal relationships through the VAR methodology.


Flowers within a tree of Drimys winteri vary markedly in floral organ number and arrangement. This variation can be linked to developmental differences between flowers in different parts of the inflorescence. Floral organ number varies most markedly between terminal and lateral flowers, whereas variation in organ arrangement is correlated with the shape of the flower. Key events during development, including changes in meristem shape and a delay in initiation of petals, allow a remarkable variety of whorled and spiral phyllotactic patterns to arise. Relatively few flowers showed Fibonacci phyllotaxis, which is otherwise very common in plant systems. Variation in divergence angle within flowers is correlated with meristem shape, whereas variation in plastochron ratio is shown to depend both on meristem shape and on divergence angle. Differences in floral morphology are interpreted as the result of an ordered process of initiation of primordia superimposed on variation in the symmetry of the floral meristem. In flowers with more or less circular floral meristems, organs appeared to be initiated sequentially at a regular divergence angle, whereas during early development of flowers with more elliptic meristems there was a preferential initiation of organs toward the poles of the elliptic meristems. This study is the first to examine how variation in floral organ number and arrangement is partitioned within individuals of D. winteri, or indeed any other member of the Winteraceae.


It was confirmed with the 13 C NMR data that the sulfonation of urea-formaldehyde resin could still occur even at lowdosage of sulfonating agent.The reaction mechanisms of hydroxymethylation,condensation,sulfonation and polycondensation in the resin preparation were investigated with these data.The 13 C NMR peaks of SUF resin were assigned to corresponding structural units,and three unknown peaks were considered to be related to some newstructural units formed during the sulfonation,and their structures were suggested.The occurrence and disappearance of some structures after sulfonation and polycondensation were explained through comparing 13 C NMR data of different SUF products at different reaction stages and with different sulˉfonation degree.


The North America Cordillera mobile belt has accommodated relative motion between the North America plate and various oceanic plates since the early Mesozoic. The northern half of the Cordillera (Canada-Alaska Cordillera) extends from northern Washington through western Canada and central Alaska and can be divided into four tectonic domains associated with different plate boundary interactions, variable seismicity, and seismic hazard. We present a quantitative tectonic model of the Canada-Alaska Cordillera based on an integrated set of seismicity and GPS data for these four domains: south (Cascadia subduction region), central (Queen Charlotte-Fairweather transcurrent region), north (Yakutat collision region), and Alaska (Alaska subduction region). This tectonic model is compared with a dynamic model that accounts for lithosphere strength contrasts and intemal/ boundary force balance. We argue that most of the Canada―Alaska Cordillera is an orogenic float where current tectonics are mainly limited to the upper crust, which is mechanically decoupled from the lower part of the lithosphere. Variations in deformation style and magnitude across the Cordillera are mostly controlled by the balance between plate boundary forces and topography-related gravitational forces. In particular, the strong compression and gravitational forces associated with the Yakutat collision zone are the primary driver of the complex tectonics from eastern Yukon to central Alaska, resulting in crustal extrusion, translation, and deformation across a 1500 x 1000-km 2 region. This tectonic-dynamic model can be used to provide quantitative constraints to seismic hazard models. We present a simple example of mapping M w = 7 earthquake return periods throughout the Cordillera.


Acid fuchsin dye, when injected under 1.1 kg/cm2 pressure through hollow, tapered spiles that had been driven into 1.5 cm diameter holes drilled 4 cm deep into elm tree trunks, came up in all the xylem vessel layers intersected by the holes except in the current year's layer of the xylem. When the same dye was injected into comparable trees through the severed ends of roots, however, nearly all of it came up in the xylem vessel layer of the current year. This result may help to account for variable success in controlling Dutch elm disease by trunk injection of fungicides.


Thirteen ancient Chinese manuscripts have been seen as texts of a long lost 8th-century early Chan Buddhist chronicle, the Lidai fabao ji. A number of textual indications, however, suggest that they cannot be taken as the Tang sources, because their texts have been redacted between 907 and the early 11th century. The original Tang source, Lidai fabao ji, remains mysterious to date.


CHARLES Perrault penned his treatise on the theory of aesthetics, La peintureu at roughly the same time that he wrote his conte, La Barbebleue. It can come as no coincidence that the two texts are concerned with the issues not only of representation, but also those having to do with the exercise of power, especially since Perrault's relationship with his chief patron, the autocratic Louis XIV, and the minister Colbert was so fraught at the time. It is, therefore, possible to pair the two texts together, using the theoretical tract on representation to illuminate how objects function in the story. Textual materialist criticism, of the sort practiced by Patricia Fumerton on Elizabethan miniatures or Peter Stallybrass on early modern vestimentary habits or Lisa Jardine on Erasmus's politics of self-publicizing, can help in defining the artifactual population of the universe in which the characters of La Barbe-bleue take on existence and, to some extent, also reflect Perrault's own. This school of criticism takes each object in a narrative as a nodal mark, a punctuation point or a pause on the pathway toward the construction of sense. Every object must be accounted for. The textual material project, then, is in many ways consistent with the nature and purposes of curiosity cabinets. These Wunderkammerer, a popular pastime with the nobility following the first great collector king, Francois Ier, in the sixteenth century, were disparate assemblages of objects, collected apparently without unifying theme or focus, but nonetheless set in relationship by virtue of being housed in the same display case. The phenomenon of collector's cabinets in France was intended to represent various aspects of the world; once compiled, their arrangement was meant to create meaning in a proto-encyclopedic way. Similarly, in Perrault's treatise on the aesthetics of painting, painters are seen as conferring order on chaos; he recalls how "... de l'Esprit eternel la sagesse infinie/A peine eut du chaos la discorde bannie,/Et le vaste pourpre de l'Empire des Cieux ..." (La peinture, 84-5). The technique of taking pieces of the world to represent the whole is mimetically reproduced in La Barbe-bleue by the collection of naked corpses which lie at the heart of Barbe-bleue's house, in the room which he expressly forbids his new young bride to enter. Collecting is a form of power, as is the assignment of a master narrative to the disparate components of a collection. It is important to note that the character of Barbe-bleue himself has been reified to a synecdochal focal point, that of his blue beard, by his neighbors who, repelled and threatened by him, express his strangeness in this way. However, Barbe-bleue's own strategy for dealing with this diminishment (and attempt to gain power over him, at least visually) is quite opposite: rather than operate through synecdoche, he labors by amplificatio: his collector's cabinet, the cellar room, offers several varieties of the same phenomenon--many dead brides--as though eventually to gain power over all women. Characterized by lack--the lack of physical beauty--and negation--the negative response of women to him --, he perpetually grasps and accumulates objects of desire and beautiful bodies to compensate. The proliferation of material wealth that characterizes him is similar in technique and intent, and described in gorgeous, synaesthetic fashion: Il etait une fois un homme qui avait de belles maisons a la Ville et a la Campagne, de la vaisselle d'or et d'argent, des meubles en broderie, et des carrosses tout dores, mais par malheur cet homme avait la Barbe bleue: cela le rendait si laid et si terrible, qu'il n'etait ni femme ni fille qui ne s'enfuit de devant lui (Perrault, 81). Perrault had a heightened awareness of the significance of collections on several levels, most acutely as concerned the bourgeoisie, for it was during this time-period, the seventeenth century, that the bourgeoisie was beginning, by virtue of its wealth and prominence, to wrest power away from the nobility and to display its own material prosperity. …


Hemophilia A is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of plasma coagulation FVIII, which may be inherited or arise from a spontaneous mutation. FVIII deficiency leads to a decrease in normal hemostasis and is manifested by spontaneous or induced bleeding. As a result of hemorrhages in the central nervous system, neurological complications are possible. In such cases, doctors should be on the alert so as not to miss another accompanying pathology. Neurodegenerative disease with iron accumulation in the brain is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of hereditary progressive disorders of the central nervous system with pronounced iron accumulation in the basal ganglia, which have a specific picture on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in combination with characteristic clinical signs. Purpose - is to describe a clinical case of a combination of two complex hereditary diseases in a 10-year-old boy, hemophilia A of moderate severity, complicated by an inhibitor, and a progressive neurodegenerative disease with accumulation of iron in the brain, with associated neurodegeneration associated with the protein of the mitochondrial membrane. The publication reports for the first time a clinical case of a combination of two complex hereditary diseases in a 10-year-old boy, confirmed by molecular genetic studies: hemophilia A of moderate severity, complicated by an inhibitor with the detection of a large deletion of exons 23-26 in the gene, and progressive neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation, with the presence of a pathogenic mutation of the C19orf12 gene, variant c.204_214del (p.Gly69Argfs*10) in a homozygous state, autosomal recessive type of inheritance, Mitochondrial-membrane Protein-Associated Neurodegeneration. Coagulopathy is controlled by prophylactic administration of emicizumab subcutaneously. Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation in the child was manifested by: Friedreich's foot, equinus feet, positive Babinski symptom, high tendon reflexes, optic nerve atrophy; partial dysplasia of both eyes; with myopia of both eyes, impaired accommodation, progressively increasing paresthesias in both legs, impaired gait, ataxic gait, coordination difficulties, muscle atrophy of both legs, visual impairment, rapid fatigue with preserved intelligence and mental development. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed a moderate bilateral symmetrical lesion of the globus pallidus. Our report confirms that the use of molecular genetic studies plays an important decisive role in the verification of the disease, often determining its type and possible complications. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.


The study gives an overview of Raimo Tuomela's philosophy of sociality and social ontology. It is shown how the subjects of his analysis of the foundation of the social domain are connected. Thereby the overview is a help for the study of his work in progress, as well as comparing and contrasting his account with the other founders of the analysis of collective intentionality (Bratman, Gilbert, and Searle), and their related topics, for example: I-mode and we-mode, collective commitment, social groups, cooperation, and institutions, and the ongoing contemporary analysis. It is concluded that the kernel of Tuomela's social ontology is sociology of membership. An open minded exchange about the differences among the accounts which have emerged since the 1990s will only lead to a re-systematization of the social domain in time periods like the contemporary society, taking into play that social structure and membership conditions of social systems are changed drastically.


In this convenient world & era of online markets; consumer seeks easiest way to evaluate brands. Social factors and brand personality are vital attributes of luxury purchase intentions in traditional/physical market place. However, in digital world brand personality and social factors are quite different due to market dynamics. This study also explored moderating role of vanity on social factor because it impacts luxury brands online purchase intention. By adopting questionnaire research technique based on qualitative method 300 questionnaires were distributed among university students that work part-time in industry that don't have time to evaluate brands with a response rate of 84.66%. Data were gathered through convenient sampling which is sub type of Non-probability sampling technique and analyzed by descriptive & influential statistics on SPSS & Process macro. Resulted showed that social and personality factor positively effects online purchase intention of luxury brand among university students. The moderating role of vanity (physical) was significantly influencing social factors & purchase intentions. This will guide marketers to design better strategies, differentiating segmentation decisions & ultimately capturing niche market.


Insulin secreted from pancreatic β-cells and glucagon secreted from pancreatic α-cells are the two major hormones working in the pancreas in an opposing manner to regulate and maintain a normal glucose homeostasis. How microRNAs (miRNAs), a population of non-coding RNAs so far demonstrated to be differentially expressed in various types of cells, regulate gene expression in pancreatic β-cells and its closely associated α-cells is not completely clear. In this study, miRNA profiling was performed and compared between pancreatic β-cells and their partner α-cells. One novel miRNA, miR-483 was identified for its highly differential expression in pancreatic β-cells but much less in α-cells. Overexpression of miR483 in β-cells increased insulin transcription and secretion by targeting SOCS3, a member of suppressor of cytokine signaling family. In contrast, overexpression of miR-483 decreased glucagon transcription and secretion in α-cells. Moreover, overexpressed miR-483 protected against proinflammatory cytokine-induced apoptosis in β-cells. This correlates with a higher expression level of miR-483 and the expanded βcell mass observed in the islets of prediabetic db/db mice. Together, our data suggest that miR483 has opposite effects in αand β-cells by targeting SOCS3, and the imbalance of miR-483 and its targets may play
  a
  crucial
  role
  in
  diabetes pathogenesis. Abbreviations SOCS3, the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 IRS2, Insulin receptor substrate 2 TNFα, tumor necrosis factor-α IGF2, Insulin-like growth factor 2 DIG, Digoxigenin LNA, Locked nucleic acid NBT, 4-Nitro-blue tetrazolium BCIP, 5-brom-4-chloro-3'-indolylphosphate http://www.jbc.org/cgi/doi/10.1074/jbc.M115.650705 The latest version is at JBC Papers in Press. Published on June 24, 2015 as Manuscript M115.650705 Copyright 2015 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. by gest on July 9, 2020 hp://w w w .jb.org/ D ow nladed from Functions of miR-483 in pancreatic betaand alpha-cells


The Classical Review vol. 61 no. 2 © The Classical Association 2011; all rights reserved scholar and student; for that reason it is essential reading for both. I anticipate that this text will, as time goes by, sit comfortably alongside such works as A.W. Price's Love and Friendship in Plato and Aristotle as it comes to be recognised – as indeed it should be – as one of the books on Platonic friendship. N. has achieved something very important with this book, and its value should be neither overlooked nor underestimated.


It is not clear whether clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and consensus statements (CSs) are adequately promoting shared decision making (SDM).


For the purpose of revealing the influence of colored noise on the response of oleo damper subject to special random excitation, this paper deals with the one dimension problem caused by colored noise by using the two dimensions Markov equation. The probability density function of velocity response of oleo damper excited by exponential colored Gaussian noise has been obtained. In addition, a special expression of probability density function of velocity response under the condition that the outer excitement correlation time of exponential colored Gaussian noise is long enough has been got. These results have been verified by numerical simulation.


Abstract The first known example of a regular face-sharing icosahedra helix is presented in the novel crystal structure of δ -Co 2 Zn 15 , solved and refined from single-crystal X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data. The compound δ -Co 2 Zn 15 is also the first example of an intermetallic compound crystallizing in the acentric hexagonal space group P 6 2 . The parameters from the single crystal refinement are a =11.292(2) A, c =7.750(1) A, Z =4, and R w =0.025.


A plug 1 for plugging wells includes a body 2 having a cavity 4 for receiving a heater 10, where the body 2 is also capable of receiving a eutectic alloy 3. The heater 10 is releasably retained in the cavity 4 of the body by a retainer which is also located within the cavity 4. The retainer can include a recess 5 for engagement with resiliently biased projections 13 for mechanical interaction with the heater 10. The heaterl0 may be recoverable from the wellbore.


then it follows (cf. [4], [1]) that there is a process (t), equivalent to (t) and, with probability one, possessing everywhere continuous sample functions. (Equivalence of t and v7 has the usual meaning that, for each fixed t, t(t) =-(t) with probability one.) A number of interesting results follow as corollaries from this theorem. For example if t(t) is a (zero mean) normal stochastic process satisfying


Since the original report by Rosen, Castleman, and Liebow 1 in June, 1958, of the then-new entity of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, many additional cases have been reported. 2-19 The name is now well established and a fairly characteristic clinical pattern is beginning to emerge. Despite the wide geographical distribution of this disease and the increasing number of cases, the etiology remains unknown, and the treatment, where it has been attempted, has been entirely empirical. None of the cases reported has shown dramatic response to any of the treatments employed. A case of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, previously proven by lung biopsy has been treated with streptokinase-streptodornase enzyme aerosol, with a marked concomitant change in findings. Since this case has been previously reported, 19 only the details relevant to the treatment are included in this report. Report of Case A 32-year-old white man, screw-machine operator, was found to have pulmonary alveolar proteinosis


The main results of this paper are existence theorems for traveling gravity and cap- illary gravity water waves in two dimensions, and capillary gravity water waves in three dimensions, for any periodic fundamental domain. This is a problem in bifurcation theory, yielding curves in the two dimensional case and bifurcation surfaces in the three dimensional case. In order to address the presence of resonances, the proof is based on a variational formulation and a topological argument, which is related to the resonant Lyapunov center theorem.


The ABO and Rh blood groups of 10.493 donor were examined in Blood Bank and Apheresis Unit, Medical School of Ataturk University, between January 1997 and December 1997. The rates of 0, A, B, and AB groups were 32.3 %, 46 %, 14.5 % and 7.2 % respectively. In all samples, there were 87 % Rh (D) positive blood donors. In conclusion, the rates of ABO and Rh blood groups in Erzurum were found similar to those of other parts of Turkey.


Identifying what Extension professionals believe are the critical elements of a communication strategy that is most likely to encourage agricultural producers to participate in discussions of climate variability and climate change is pivotal to providing timely solutions to issues facing farmers. The current study involved interviews with 50 Extension professionals from four southeastern states (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina) who were engaged in ongoing work related to climate and agriculture. Respondents were asked to assess how best to engage farmers in conversations related to climate variability and climate change. Qualitative analysis showed that Extension professionals recommended avoiding content related to politics, attribution of climate change to human causes, and telling farmers what to do. Respondents recommended emphasizing adaptation strategies, climate variability over climate change, evidence that climate change exists, and the financial benefits for farmers. In addition, Extension professionals proposed several delivery methods they thought would be most effective with farmers, including delivery tailored to the characteristics of the audience, a positive overall tone, and an understanding that engagement should be viewed as a long-term process based on building relationships with farmers. The findings suggest that farmers are a potentially receptive audience on climate issues when properly approached.


The nuclear criticality safety of the accident-damaged Three Mile Island Unit 2 (TMI-2) reactor has depended primarily on the use of soluble neutron poison. Detailed calculations have been performed to establish the boric acid concentrations needed for subcriticality of postulated core configurations related to recovery and defueling activities. Based on the minimum acceptable boron concentration, operating requirements were developed, safety reviews conducted, strategies and procedures implemented, and training conducted.


Analyses of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) were performed for characterizing precipitates formed in a Cu-Ni-Si alloy without and with a small amount of Fe, the strength and electrical conductivity of which were improved by aging process. These alloy samples were aged at 720 K after a solution treatment. The SAXS profiles of the samples were measured to investigate the size of precipitates. The results of SAXS measurements showed that nanometer-size precipitates formed in the alloy samples during isothermal aging. The precipitates in the Cu-alloy sample without Fe appeared to be coarsened in a multi-modal size distribution by the aging process. In contrast, the precipitates with homogeneous size were formed for the Cu-alloy sample with Fe. The environmental structure of Ni and Fe of these alloys evaluated by EXAFS measurements revealed that the precipitates of these alloys have the structure of δ-Ni2Si, and Fe substitutes Ni in δ-Ni2Si. It is presumed that the precipitates of homogeneous size in the Fe-added Cu alloy were formed because highly dispersed Fe atoms serve as nucleation sites of Ni2Si. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2008.38]


This paper examines students' reports of speaking about their experiences of higher education in the UK. It specifically investigates differences and similarities between UK and overseas undergraduate students' experiences of word-of-mouth. The study illuminates the comparatively high level of intentions of all students to speak positively about their HE experience.  The study demonstrates strong disagreement amongst both UK and international students regarding intentions to speak negatively. That is, students say, often strongly, that they do not intend to speak negatively about their time at university. The study provides an empirically informed definition of word-of-mouth communication appropriate to the HE sector. It is hoped that the study can be replicated within Asian or Middle Eastern contexts to examine students' intentions to emit word-of-mouth within non-UK institutions.


This paper illustrates how a literature course was organized in an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context to help students increase critical thinking and make intercultural connections through short stories. Rather than focusing on linguistic elements through sometimes-contrived language in EFL textbooks, meaningful input was provided through the use of authentic materials. Short works of literature by both well-known and less well-known authors were the main source of input due to their length, descriptive writing styles and deep connections to various cultures. Students used all language skills to decipher the meanings in the text, as well as their knowledge and experiences to find connections with the setting, characters, themes, story plots, as well as cultural and historical references. Student reflections revealed that where there was some improvement in reading, listening and lexis, students benefitted mostly from learning how to engage more deeply with the reading material.!


ABSTRACT Nietzsche's notion of "active forgetting" is employed to better understand the disruptive and destructive influence of collective trauma on cultural identity. Throughout the article genocide is taken as a cause of extreme trauma and used to illustrate this impact. Active forgetting in this context should not be confused with memories fading away; it is rather a positive and active force, a capacity which an individual, a society, or a culture needs to prosper. This notion provides guidance on how to banish the trauma to the extent that it ceases to paralyze the traumatized group. Technological skills that release negative emotions and ideas generated by the trauma from the collective memory—mnemotechnologies—are required to restore the capacity of forgetting.


The genetic cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) remains unexplained in a substantial proportion of cases. Recent large sequencing studies suggest that, though not previously implicated, FHOD3 (a Formin protein responsible for sarcomere assembly) may have a role in the pathogenesis of HCM, particularly variants affecting a conserved small coil-coiled domain (amino acids 622 to 655).

 To investigate the relationship between novel FHOD3 mutations, previously classified as variants of uncertain significance (American College of Medical Genetics ACMG Class III), and the development of HCM.

 A single center review of HCM probands carrying mutations in the FHOD3 gene was conducted. Existing HCM patients from the family heart screening clinic database were retrospectively reviewed. Frequency of FHOD3 mutations, segregation among family members and clinical characteristics of patients were reviewed. All genetic analysis was conducted via the same internationally validated next generation sequencing lab.

 Of 367 HCM probands identified in our center, 9 (2.45%) were found to have ACMG Class III mutations affecting the FHOD3 gene. Five of these 9 probands (56%) displayed the same p.Arg637Gln mutation, while the remaining 4 (44%) carry the same p.Ile648Thr residue alteration. Both of these are rare mutations, found to be present in <1% of controls in previous large sequencing studies and not previously reported. Among probands with the p.Ile648Thr mutation, co-segregation was confirmed in one family, another first-degree relative in the same family having suffered a sudden cardiac death (HCM confirmed on autopsy). In those with the p.Arg367Gln mutation, a strong family history was observed in two separate families, 4 first-degree members having a confirmed HCM diagnosis. Carriers of both mutation types displayed varying degrees of disease severity with rates of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia and device implantation similar to other HCM cohorts (∼40%).

 FHOD3 is a novel gene, recently implicated in the pathogenesis of HCM, though not previously well described in the literature. Carrier frequency of FHOD3 mutations in the HCM population in our center is similar to that described in recent publication (1-2%), and all carry variants affecting the suspected small coil-coiled domain (amino-acids 622-625).

 Abstract Figure.


Although much of the early research on brain opiates centered on their role in the modulation of pain perception and psychoses, opiates have been implicated in a multitude of diverse states, including depression, bradycardia, shock, hypoten sion, encephalopathy, coma, alcohol addiction, Hunt ington's chorea, and neurologic function. Recent studies have established their importance as modu lators of gonadotropin secretion in the hypothala mus 9 and have suggested that steroid hormones are intimately involved in the expression of opioid activity. The hypoestrogenic state of the menopausal pa tient is associated with low endogenous opioid tone and provides a natural state for investigating the interaction between low endogenous opioid activ ity, steroid concentrations, and the psychological status of the menopausal patient. There is an increase in endogenous opioid activity after hormone replace ment therapy in menopausal patients. This in crease in opioid tone may explain the beneficial effect estrogen has on psychological function in menopausal patients. The relationship between en dogenous opioids and psychological function in the menopausal patient before and after hormone re placement therapy may prove to be an important clinical variable in evaluating and treating the older woman. MULTIPLICITY OF OPIATE ACTIONS


Explores critically the position that psychoanalysis is a suitable psychological framework or fiction for doing pastoral psychotherapy, particularly in view of the phenomenon of transference as it is understood in psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Uses the definition of pastoral psychotherapy as offered by C. Schlauch to draw out the paradox implicit in the pastoral psychotherapy/psychoanalytic psychotherapy association.


One of the phenomena that accompanies metal cutting is extensive plastic deformation and fracture. The excess material is plastically deformed, fractured, and removed from the workpiece in the form of chips, the formation of which depends on the type of crack and their propagation. Even in case of the so-called 'continuous' chip formation there still has to be a fracture, as the cutting process involves the separation of a chip from the workpiece. Controlling the chip separation and its patterning in a suitable form is the most important problem of the current industrial processes, which should be highly automated to achieve maximal production efficiency. The article deals with the chip root evaluation of two EN C45 and EN 16MnCr5 steels, focusing on the shear angle measuring and built-up edge observation as important factors influencing the machining process, because a repeated formation and dislodgement of built-up edge unfavorably affects changes in the rake angle, causing fluctuation in cutting forces, and thus inducing vibration, which is harmful to the cutting tool. Consequently, this leads to surface finish deterioration. The planing was selected as a slow-rate machining operation, within which orthogonal and oblique cutting has been used for the comparative chips' root study. The planned experiment was implemented at three levels (lower, basic, and upper) for the test preparation and the statistical method, and regression function was used for the data evaluation. The mutual connections among the four considered factors (cutting speed, cutting depth, tool cutting edge inclination, and rake angle) and investigated by the shear angle were plotted in the form of graphical dependencies. Finally, chips obtained from both steels types and within both cutting methods were systematically processed from the microscopic (chip root) and macroscopic (chip pattern) points of view.


Financial leasing is the name given to the process that provides the right of use of a movable or immovable property to the lessee within the specified dates in return for a price. This period of use may cover the entire life of the property or a certain part of it. Leasing, which has more than one type, allows businesses not to spend all of their capital on a particular property, but instead to obtain the right to use the property needed at lower amounts.
Leasing allows the leasing company to fulfill many of the obligations that would arise when the business purchases the property it needs in advance. Thus, while the enterprise obtains the right to use the property it needs with low amounts, it also avoids complex and costly procedures.
The now more common types of leasing began to emerge in the United States in the 1952s, and this new type of financial service grew rapidly in its advantages.
The first financial leasing companies in Western Europe were established in the late 1950s and early 1960s. However, the unclear status of leasing transactions in tax and civil legislation prevented development. Only after leasing agreements were reflected in the tax legislation, the rate of development of leasing operations increased, and in the 80s their number was about 40.
Since the 60s, leasing operations began to develop in the Asian continent. Currently, the main part of the world market for leasing services is concentrated in the "USA - Western Europe - Japan" triangle. In Western Europe, specialized leasing companies managed by the bank and its subsidiaries act as lessors.


Abstract This paper traces the sociological roots of the 'knowledge turn' and a concept centrally identified with it, 'powerful knowledge', beginning with the work of Basil Bernstein which was subsequently elaborated in a wide range of contexts-of-use in the broad field of curriculum studies. The paper distinguishes different reasons educators have for engaging with curriculum which the paper classifies into 'curriculum of' and 'curriculum for'. It goes on to discuss the particular pathos of specialised knowledge, and suggests ways of dealing with it; and concludes by suggesting paths going forward for bringing curriculum theory and subject didactics into productive dialogue


In the last 10 years a number of new global datasets have been created and new, more sophisticated algorithms have been designed to classify land cover. GlobCover and MODIS v.5 are the most recent global land cover products available, where GlobCover (300 m) has the finest spatial resolution of other comparable products such as MODIS v.5 (500 m) and GLC-2000 (1 km). This letter shows that the thematic accuracy in the cropland domain has decreased when comparing these two latest products. This disagreement is also evident spatially when examining maps of cropland and forest disagreement between GLC-2000, MODIS and GlobCover. The analysis highlights the continued uncertainty surrounding these products, with a combined forest and cropland disagreement of 893 Mha (GlobCover versus MODIS v.5). This letter suggests that data sharing efforts and the provision of more in situ data for training, calibration and validation are very important conditions for improving future global land cover products.


We introduce FxpNet, a framework to train deep convolutional neural networks with low bit-width arithmetics in both forward pass and backward pass. During training procedure, FxpNet further reduces the bit-width of stored parameters (also known as primal parameters) by adaptively updating their fixed-point formats. These primal parameters are ususally represented in full resolution of floating-point values in previous binarzied and quantized neural networks. In FxpNet, during forward pass fixed-point primal weights and activations will first be binarized before computation, while in backward pass all gradients are represented as low resolution fixed-point values and then accumulated to corresponding fixed-point primal parameters. To have highly efficient implementations in FPGAs, ASICs and other dedicated devices, FxpNet introduces Integer Batch Normalization (IBN) and Fixed-point ADAM (FxpADAM) methods to further reduce the required floating-point operations, which will save considerable power and chip area. The evaluation on CIFAR-10 dataset indicates the effectiveness that FxpNet with 12-bit primal parameters and 12-bit gradients achieves comparable prediction accuracy with state-of-art binarized and quantized neural networks. The corresponding training code implemented in TensorFlow is available online.


Abstract Soil aggregate stability is a crucial property regarding soil erodibility. However, results from different stability-assessment methods differ. The objective of this study was to compare two such methods on a set of southeast Norwegian agricultural soils. Traditionally, a raindrop-impact method has been used to determine the soil aggregate stability of Norwegian soils. Here, a more common, less destructive method was also used, a wet-sieve method using one sieve. Two soil fractions were studied, aggregates of 0.6–2 mm and 2–6 mm in diameter. The soil samples were chosen to give a wide range in clay content (5.7–68.0%) and soil organic matter (1.7–8.5% SOM). Using the wet-sieve method two different pre-treatments were performed; either using air-dried aggregates or slowly pre-wetted, air-dried aggregates. The aggregate stability found using the wet-sieve method gave generally higher stability values for soil aggregates 2–6 mm in diameter than using the standard raindrop-impact method (21% higher o...


Virtual power plant could effectively regulate the internal distributed energy, and could be used as an emerging peak regulation resource to cope with the increasing penetration rate of renewable energy. The participation of virtual power plants in the deep peak regulation market would affect the competition result. Firstly, the cost of each market entity participating in the deep peak regulation market is analyzed, and the corresponding deep peak regulation market bidding model on this basis is established. Then, based on the Nash equilibrium theory, an equilibrium model of deep peak regulation market is established. Finally, the nonlinear complementary method is applied to solve the equilibrium model, and the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed model are verified through typical case analysis. The effectiveness of above-mentioned model and method is validated by the analysis on given example, and it is shown that the virtual power plant could reduce the market clearing price and the corresponding payment cost of peak regulation service buyers. Besides, the peak regulation pressure of thermal power units could be reduced.


OBJECTIVE
To localize and define the region of nucleus export signal (NES) on BRD7, and determine the role of this region in nucleus export of the external protein.

METHODS
Based on an in vitro expressed model of green fluorescence protein (GFP), we performed DNA walking analysis to set BRD7 into several sections according to the structural characteristics of BRD7, investigated the effect of different sections of BRD7 on nucleus export of GFP, defined the region of nucleus export signal sequence of BRD7, and further ascertained the content of amino acids in BRD7 and potential localization of BRD7 NES by bioinformatics.

RESULTS
B7C1 fragments ranged from aa219 to aa450 in BRD7 were found to target the external protein GFP into the cytoplasm detected by GFP direct fluorescence, which could be inhibited by NES inhibitor Leptomycin B (LMB). This region was rich in hydrophobic amino acid residues but no typical NES with characteristics of leucine-rich sequence by bioinformatics.

CONCLUSION
The region from aa219 to aa450 is primarily defined as an atypical NES in BRD7.


The experimental techniques for the study of the extremely fast reactions of hydrogen-bond formation are reviewed. Direct high field dielectric and acoustic techniques as well as indirect NMR and dielectric methods are available; examples of their application to specific problems are given.

Bond formation and bond transfer reactions must be distinguished. The mechanism of bond transfer can be of different types, similar to the associative and dissociative types of substitution mechanisms that were formulated for other classes of reactions.


Any decentralized retail or wholesale system of competing entities has a benefit sharing arrangement when collaborating with regards to demand realizations. We study a distribution system similar to the observed behavior of independent car dealerships. If a dealership does not have in stock the vehicle requested by a customer, it might consider acquiring it from a competing dealer. This raises questions about procurement strategies that achieve a system optimal (firstbest) outcome. We examine such a decentralized distribution system with respect to: (a) Does a unique first-best solution imply unique Nash equilibrium procurement strategies? (b) If some of the participants do not select Nash procurement strategies, what are the implications on the benefit sharing? (c) When demand parameters are not of common knowledge the system might not encourage truth revelation. (d) How are the above results affected if we relax the assumption of satisfying local demand first? We show that the profit sharing rules like the ones found in the literature will result in a stable collaborative outcome that achieves first-best only if (i) individual demand parameters satisfy a number of restrictive conditions, (ii) complete information assumption holds, and (iii) all the parties select Nash equilibrium strategy.


A numerical multiscale model is used for the calculation of ac loss in a two-dimensional (2-D) planar model and proves advantageous with regard to time and memory requirements. In this study, we improve the calculation accuracy and apply a multiscale model to a 2-D axisymmetric model of a high-temperature superconducting solenoid magnet by using an iteration method for the background field estimation. The calculation results are compared with those of the H-formulation model, homogenization model, and multiscale model with a  $J_{0}$ uniform background field estimation method. The iteration method speeds up the calculation by 7.7 to 12.9 times and reduces the error of the average ac loss to 6.71% and the error of the ac loss peak value to 5.95%. In addition, the iteration method is superior to the homogenization model in terms of calculation speed and accuracy as the computational complexity increases.


Denis Diderot's ideas about war and peace crystalize many of the contradictions in the world that he identified. On the one hand, war is a natural product of contradictions between natural law and human developments. On the other hand, it can and should always be subject to moral judgment based on a wide-ranging knowledge of history and context. War can be good if it eliminates 1 (firstname.lastname@example.com). Profesora del Department of Political Science (University of California, Riverside). Entre sus publicaciones más recientes cabe destacar: "Skepticism and Politics in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries," Rivista di Storia di Filosofia, 68, 2013, pp. 601-604. A critical summary of the proceedings of the conference "Skepticism and Politics in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries" held at the William Andrews Clark Memorial Library, UCLA, May 2012; "Marie Dupré," in Mary Hays, Female Biography; or, Memoirs of Illustrious and Celebrated Women, of All Ages and Countries (1803). Chawton House Library Series: Women's Memoirs, ed. Gina Luria Walker, Memoirs of Women Writers Part III (London: Pickering & Chatto: 2014). (Notes for an entry in a new edition of a classic work in women's biography). 2 (email@example.com) Profesor del Department of Political Science (University of California, Riverside). Algunas de sus publicaciones son: "Pierre Bayle's The Condition of Wholly Catholic France", en History of European Ideas 40: 312–324. Co-authored with Charlotte Stanley, 2014; "Michael Oakeshott, Wendy Brown, and the Paradoxes of Anti-Moralism", en Ágora – Papeles de Filosofía 32, 2013, 67-80; "Enfield's Brucker and Christian Anti-scepticism in Enlightenment Historiography of Philosophy" in S. Charles and P. Smith, eds., Scepticism in the Eighteenth Century: Enlightenment, Lumières, Aufklärung (Dordrecht: Springer, 2013), 155-169 (2013); Paradoxes of Religious Toleration in Early Modern Political Thought (Lanham: Lexington Books, 2012). Co-edited with María José Villaverde. Editors' contribution: "Introduction", 1-8; JCL's contributions: "Spinoza on Lying for Toleration and His Intolerance of Atheists", 39-52 and "Intolerance of Fanatics in Bayle, Hume, and Kant", 177-192 (2012); "Hamburg/Altona as a Fertile Ground for Theories About Freedom of the Press in the Mid-Eighteenth Century" in A. Steiger and S. Richter, eds., Hamburg: Eine Metropolregion zwischen Früher Neuzeit und Aufklärung (Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 2012), 315-327. 156 Whitney Mannies and John Christian Laursen Araucaria. Revista Iberoamericana de Filosofía, Política y Humanidades, año 16, no 32. Segundo semestre de 2014. Pp. 155-171. ISSN 1575-6823 e-ISSN 2340-2199 doi: 10.12795/araucaria.2014.i32.08 tyranny, and bad if it limits freedom, equality, and prosperity. Peace can be good if it cultivates the latter, and bad if it freezes inequality. Diderot never allows himself to rest on universal judgments for all times and all places, but insists upon never-ending comparisons and contrasts between the moral world and the natural world. Philosophical materialism provides the basis for his understanding of the world, but morals provide the instruments of judgment. Key-words: Denis Diderot, war, peace, nature, materialism, morality, colonialism.


Anthony Eden was born in the year of Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee (1897) and died in the year of Queen Elizabeth's Silver Jubilee (1997). He had good looks, charm, a Military Cross from the First World War, a First from Oxford, a safe parliamentary seat - and ambition. A man of rigid honour, he resigned as Foreign Secretary in 1938 because he could not agree with the policy of appeasement to Hitler. After the commencement of hostilities, he was brought back into politics and served a long apprenticeship as Churchill's right-hand man. Eventually he achieved his heart's desire and became Prime Minister, only to be brought down by the Suez Crisis.


On evaluating the hitting precision of a missile which throws sub missiles, it is a key question to estimate the normal distribution parameter of the sub missile dispersion center. The usual method is, to find a sub missile disper firstsion center first from each group data of the sub missile's falling point coordinate, then to estimate the parameters according to a few data of dispersion center using the classical statistic method. Its shortcomings are the high probability to make a wrong conclusion. Considering that the sub missile dispersion center, which cannot sufficiently express the information contained in the sub missile falling point data group, is only its first moment, in this paper a new method on fusion estimating the distribution parameter is researched.


This thesis presents a case study of Welsh innovation policy from the period of political devolution (1999) to the present day (2014), exploring the role of regional government as a driver of innovation and economic development. It proposes a multi-theoretical framework to be employed in the study of real world innovation interventions, to illicit nuanced insights into the Wales case study, and also to test the applicability of key regional innovation theories in a weaker region context. The four regional innovation theories identified as the most prominent in both academic literature and policy, and incorporated into the conceptual framework of this study are: systems of innovation, clusters, the learning region, and the triple helix.
The case study presented consists of a systematic review of Welsh innovation and related policy since devolution and in-depth interviews with key stakeholders in the Welsh innovation system. The Welsh approach to innovation is found to have evolved in three distinct phases, whereby innovation is prioritised differently relative to other policy spheres, and the dominant approach to innovation varies over time. Innovation interventions have met with varying levels of success, and, interestingly, the most prominent approaches have been, on the whole, less successful in Wales.
This thesis argues that no one theory is ideally suited to the analysis and development of innovation policy in weaker regions; instead it draws on the strengths of the four key theories identified. It argues against a "one-size-fits-all" approach to innovation policy, premised on exporting models from exceptional leading regions in a manner that is geographically, historically, and culturally blind. It supports a move away from normative approaches to the study and practice of innovation policy, instead drawing on the different theoretical elements that are particularly relevant to the case in question.


ABSTRACT This article argues that reading levels, a seemingly neutral aspect of literacy instruction of neoliberal schooling, initiate students into the symbolic templates of capitalism. I explore young children's effects, relations, and interpretation of the field of meanings surrounding reading levels and grades in a kindergarten classroom in the U.S. I demonstrate how ranking had profound yet subtle effects on children's being and becoming by imposing development's normative temporality in the social relations of learning, and imbuing the emotions of learning with its logic. While evaluation inculcates individualised subjectivities that are crucial to the reproduction of hierarchical relations, this process is imperfect and a site of struggle. I demonstrate how evaluation's subjugating power contended with children' already existing convivial ways of being and relating. I conclude that educators must reimagine learning with and through children's perspectives so that liberatory possibilities of schooling can flourish.


Compounding effects of slow life-history traits and adult-specific overharvesting have caused a range-wide decline of several giant clam populations. Erratic changes in these populations reported at isolated reefs, are attributable to stochastic fluctuations in recruitment and survival rates. These population rate parameters may be adversely influenced by the considerable and increasing human–reef economic interactions in tropical waters. The unsubstantiated knowledge on such influences hinders conservation management of species-habitat linkages particularly for species like the small giant clam (Tridacna maxima). Our study reports small giant clam survival rate, its ecological determinants and stochastic fluctuations from shallow lagoon waters of Lakshadweep Archipelago; a natural habitat not subjected to commercial giant clam harvesting. Survival rate was estimated by monitoring the status of identified individuals in belt-transects through successive years 2005–2009. The role of different factors in explaining the variation in survival rates was investigated at relevant scales: anthropogenic pressure at the population level in the reef, clam density at sub-population level in the belt-transects, and variables related to clams at the individual level. Effects were quantified through univariate regression techniques and Kaplan–Meier estimator coupled with generalized linear (logit link) models. Small giant clam survival rate in the reef decreased and its spatio-temporal fluctuations increased along the increasing gradient of human populations. Survival was density-independent. Size/age specific survival followed Siler distribution characterized by very low early-age survival, increased adult-age survival, and low older-age survival. Anchorage in coral substrate exerted a curvilinear effect, where survival of moderately anchored clams > loosely anchored clams >> deeply embedded clams. Our study recommends regular population monitoring in densely inhabited islands to detect incipient changes, which can subsequently be confronted by scientific lagoon bed management.


Objective To explore the influence of short-period cancer pain management training to the medical staff on the patients' pain status and quality of life(QOL),and to provide evidences to improve the approaches on cancer pain management.Methods Total 138 doctors and nurses of a rehabilitation unit were trained on cancer pain management for one week.Population sampling method was used for selecting participants.Both group A and group B consisted of 95 patients.Group A was selected before training,while group B was selected after training.The patients' pain status and QOL during different time were investigated.Results The pain status of group B was significantly improved compared with that of group A.Compared with group A,5 aspects of QOL of group B such as role functioning,emotional functioning,global health,pain and insomnia were improved significantly 2 and 4 weeks after admission(P0.01).Conclusion Short-period training to the medical staff with cancer pain management can help to alleviate the pain of patients and to improve many aspects of QOL.


Demand for information and communication technologies (ICT) has become inevitable in view of their ability to provide direct and rapid communication between the users, access to information, as well as the ease of expression of ideas and views and its increasing penetration into the daily life. Those who live in the rural areas, especially women, are at a disadvantage with regards to accessing and utilizing ICT. People who live in rural areas are in need of ICT to eliminate their unfavorable living conditions at least partially, improve their existing opportunities, access to all kinds of knowledge from production to marketing phases and ensure their participation. It is observed that women in rural areas are prejudiced against ICT: they are unwilling to accept to use such technologies and not sufficiently informed about the benefits that these would yield concerning sustainability of agriculture and raising livestock that constitute their livelihoods, and that gender roles affect use of ICT. This hypothesis is confirmed with the sample of Boğatepe and Küçükboğatepe villages of Karsin which Karapapaks live. Women living in those villages are under the influence of gender roles in terms of ICT use although they received various trainings and participated in extensionstudies via the efforts of the "Boğatepe Environment and Life Association" including French language courses.


Contextually optimization and for the enlargement of the efficiency training the players for the game of defense needs as this to is reflective and structure on the strength of the act of model, in which find a logical relation between strategists, objectives, contained and evaluation. We can assert that in the current volleyball the preparation for defense is a major preoccupation specialists, and contained this is found out in a permanent evolution and perfecting. In this research we aimed to establish the training objectives of junior national team in the game to increase efficiency and adapt their teaching methods, methodological processes, operating systems and evaluate activities play in terms of effective competition Research hypotheses 1. Players specialize in playing at the net, may be more effective in making the jam, but this does not ensure effective defense of all actions, based on service and taking the attack, structural relationship with attack actions service, setting and attack; 2. Only by applying structural methods and specific action game in attack and defense, connected to the line players I and II, could lead to increased efficiency in the game, considering that the actions of defense are critical the achievement points. Research Methods: The method of study bibliographic; the method observation; the method analogy and modeling; experimental method; recording method specific effectiveness of the game; statistical and mathematical method; the graphic method. Data processing method Thus the result of each action is evaluated using a scale of 4-5 degrees, depending on the action of defense, in connection with the attack, based on the effect on the score or control the ball by the team after playing the ball or the opponent (1992, Manual for Statistical Games Record. FIVB). The assessment was made as follows:  As - 4 – point win;  Excellent – 3 – gained full control, maintained;  Good – 2 – gained limited control limitat, maintained;  Insufficient – 1 – lost control, no control;  Wrong – 0 – lost point. Conclusions In summary, the actions of defense, the major objective in our research are relevant to the amendment that is


Since its introduction in 1977, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) i.e. coronary angioplasty and/or stenting have gained increasing importance in the treatment of coronary artery disease. PCI has reduced the need for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and are performed more and more frequently worldwide including Bangladesh. Though Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) is the pioneer institute for medical education in this country, the facilities for PCI and other cardiac intervention were previously not available in this institute. Recently, however, PCI has been introduced in DMCH. We are here reporting the first regular successful case of PCI done in DMCH. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v13i1.10046 JOM 2012; 13(1): 43-45


An expert system for diagnosis and recovery of failures in the Freon cooling loop of the European retrievable experiment carrier EURECA is described. The system demonstrates the feasibility of a functional scope of expert diagnostic systems which appears to be essential for practical applications of such systems in space technology. The scope includes early warning and treatment of incomplete information, fault tolerance, identification of failure superpositions, intelligent reaction to unforeseen events, and detailed status display for optimal recovery action.


A machine for removal of kernel from mango stones was designed, fabricated and tested. The major component includes jaw assembly, cutter and pneumatic cylinders. The stones are fed into jaw assembly manually and then cutter cuts the stones into two pieces transversely. The positioning of jaw assembly and movement of cutter is done by use of pneumatic cylinder. Before feeding, stones were dried to 12-15% moisture content so that shell gets detached from the kernel. Machine has been fabricated for cutting 18 mangoes stone in a batch. Machine was tested to cut the stones by applying 6-8 bar pressure on cutter. The results showed that machine cuts the stones into two pieces at low temperature and high pressure more efficiently.


For the study of early modern society, Renaissance art often provides an extraordinary means of exploring visually the values and assumptions, attitudes, and modes of perception of those who inhabited, mentally and materially, the world of traditional, preindustrial Europe. The work of Hans Baldung dit Grien (1484/85-1545), a Swabian painter, illustrator, and designer of stained glass, illuminates one of the most familiar and yet least understood aspects of this world, the mentality of those who believed that some women were capable of influencing a man's sexual nature by means of witchcraft. In a series of prints and drawings executed between 1510 and 1544, Baldung portrayed various aspects of the alleged activities of witches. As contributions to the iconography of witchcraft, these Hexenbilder were without artistic precedent.


Polymyositis (PM) is an autoimmune disease characterized by progressive weakness of the proximal skeletal muscles that can affect the heart. Cardiac manifestations usually present with minimal symptoms and the most often reported include congestive heart failure as consequence of diffuse myocarditis, arrhythmias and conduction system disturbances that can be related to secondary vascular changes and cellular infiltration. Vascular alterations in the coronary arteries have also been reported such as vasculitis, intimal proliferation, media sclerosis and microvessel disease; that has been associated with vasospastic angina. Small vessel disease characterized by narrowing of vessel lumen by smooth muscle hyperplasia with little or no intimal proliferation was also observed. This may cause clinical symptoms like palpitations and angina pectoris. Electrocardiography (ECG) abnormalities included mainly left anterior fascicular block (LAFB) and right bundle branch block (RBBB). AV blocks have been reported less frequently. Autopsy studies revealed histopathological changes in the conducting system including lymphocytic infiltration, fibrosis of the sinoatrial node and contraction band necrosis. Some of these cases evolved into complete heart block. We report a 45-year-old woman with eight-year history of PM who presented with syncope at rest. The patient had no history of cardiovascular disease or risk factors for coronary atherosclerotic disease (smoking, diabetes mellitus or systemic hypertension) and did not present menopause. ECG evolution of the last eight years showed incomplete RBBB, QRS axis at 0°, and PR interval at 180 ms (Fig. 1 Panel A). Two years later, the ECG showed bifascicular block (RBBB and LAFB) with a PR prolongation to 200 ms (Fig. 1 Panel B). During this admission (8 years after the initial presentation, she presented with complete AV block (Fig. 1 Panel C), symptomatic by syncope. A permanent pacemaker was implanted.


The main construens in heritance of One-Dimensional Man is to leave open the chance for a radical change in the possible continuation of our civilization towards a two-dimensional society, and this may be possible thanks to the level of development reached by current technology. Indeed, there is already a two-dimensional society in our past that Marcuse defines as led by the pre-technological culture. This seems to be a paradox and a contradiction: how to realize a two-dimensional society through and thanks to advanced technology, if the only example we have of such two-dimensionality is given by the pretechnological culture?.


The weak polymorphic type system of Standard ML of New Jersey (SML/NJ) (MacQueen, 1992) has only been presented as part of the implementation of the SML/NJ compiler, not as a formal type system. As a result, it is not well understood. And while numerous versions of the implementation have been shown unsound, the concept has not been proved sound or unsound. We present an explanation of weak polymorphism and show that a formalization of this is sound. We also relate this to the SML/NJ implementation of weak polymorphism through a series of type systems that incorporate elements of the SML/NJ type inference algorithm. 1 Background A reference cell is an assignable store location and is the primary imperative feature of Standard ML (SML) (Milner, et al., 1990). However, it is well known that its Hindley-Milner type system (Milner, 1978) is unsound if reference types are polymorphically generalized in the usual manner. For example, in the following expression, polymorphically generalizing the type of ref nil allows that reference cell to be used as both an int list ref and a bool list ref: let val a = ref nil in a := 1]; not (hd(!a)) end This code stores a list of integers in the cell, but then reads a list of booleans from it. Such inconsistencies must not be allowed by the type system. While it is unsound to polymorphically generalize reference types, it is not necessarily unsound to generalize function types involving reference types. A simple example is the following expression: let val ref' = fn x => ref x in ref' 1; ref' true end 2 John Greiner The function ref', which creates reference cells, can safely be used at both the types int-> int ref and bool-> bool ref. A number of type systems have been proposed to allow code such as the latter example while preserving soundness Of particular interest for this paper are those of Tofte (1988), which is used in the deenition of SML, and MacQueen (1992), which is used in the New Jersey implementation of SML (SML/NJ). In the standard Hindley-Milner type system, generalization is allowed on all free type variables not occurring in the variable type assumption, which is a mapping from variables to type schemes. As shown by Tofte, if references are added to the language, the type system must also have a location type assumption assigning a type to each …


This paper presents an approach to quantify and measure technology evolution levels as forecasted by a technology development road map. The concept of technology perfection performance and ideal performance are defined and contrasted in order to clarify such notions as: current state-of-the-art technology, old proximity to ideal performance, new proximity to ideal, perfection improvement and technology creativity level. Perfection is defined as a practical and obtainable performance of a technology at a forecasted state-of-the-art development level, where ideal performance is the ultimate imaginary state of unreachable perfection. The creativity levels of technologies displayed on a road map are quantified by the use of a "creativity measurement sliding scale", also here-by called the "JJ Sliding Scale". These forecasted technology levels are displayed on this road map including the current-state-of-the-art as well as the imaginary ideal performance of selected technology.


In the extensive literature which has appeared in recent years on the work of refugee or self-exiled German-speaking historians during the Emigration2, little attention appears to have been paid to those who concerned themselves with what may be termed, in the broadest sense, oriental history. This is equally the case for German-speaking historians born within the boundaries of the Dual Monarchy, as for that greater number who were by origin subjects of the German Empire and its post-war successors. Thus, for example, Catherine Epstein's recently published and otherwise admirable prosopographic study of German-speaking refugee historians in the United States3 makes no mention of the Vienna-born Islamicist and medieval historian Gustave E. von Grunebaum, who had a


This study is designed to investigate the role of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in overall job creation in Bangladesh where annual time series data is used spanning from 1991 to 2018. The role of gross domestic products (GDP) and trade openness on employment level are also addressed. Johansen-Juselius cointegration and Vector error correction model are performed to check long run relationship and short run dynamics among the variables. The findings show that there exists co-integrating relations among the variables. Both FDI and GDP have significant positive effect on employment but trade openness possess the negative impact on employment in the long run. But FDI is negatively related with employment in the short run. This paper suggests to concentrate on making efficient policies to attract investors in green field investment which means investing for the establishment of new firms to create job opportunities in a large scale and to give the opportunity and logistic support to the native producers to produce more import substituted goods for reducing import dependence tendency.


In this paper we study a multigrid method for the solution of a linear second order elliptic equation, discretized by discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods, and we give a detailed analysis of the convergence for different block-relaxation strategies. We find that point-wise block-partitioning gives much better results than the classical cell-wise partitioning. Both for the Baumann-Oden and for the symmetric DG method, with and without interior penalty, the block relaxation methods (Jacobi, Gauss-Seidel and symmetric Gauss-Seidel) give excellent smoothing procedures in a classical multigrid setting. Independent of the mesh size, simple MG cycles give convergence factors 0.075 – 0.4 per iteration sweep for the different discretisation methods studied. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 65F10, 65N12, 65N15, 65N30, 65N55


A numberofalternatively spliced e tran- scripts havebeendetected inIgE-producing Bcells, inaddi- tiontothemRNAsencoding theclassical membraneand secreted IgEheavy (H)chains. Inarecent study, weexamined theprotein products ofthree ofthesealternatively spliced isoforms andfoundthatthey areintracellularly retained and degraded because oftheir inability toassemble intocomplete IgEmolecules. We havenow similarly examined a more recently described e mRNA species thatisgenerated by splicing between adonorsplice site immediately upstream of thestop codonintheH-chain constant region exon4(CH4) andan acceptor sitelocated inthe3'partofthesecond membraneexon.We showthatthisisoform isefficiently secreted bybothplasma cells andBlymphocytes andtherefore represents a second secreted IgEisoform (E£2). TheE52H chain isonly sixaminoacids longer thantheclassical secreted IgEH chain(Esl) andcontains aC-terminal cysteine, which isa characteristic sequence feature of,panda H chains. However, unlike IgMandIgA, theE52C-terminal cysteine (Cys-554) doesnotinducepolymerization ofH2L2molecules (where L islight chain), butrather creates adisulfide bond between thetwoHchains that increases therateofassociation intocovalently boundH2L2monomers.ThisC-terminal cys- teine alsodoesnotfunction as an intracellular retention element because theES2isoform was secreted inamounts equal tothatofthees,, bothinBlymphocytes andinplasma cells. TheE£2H chains secreted byB lymphocytes differed fromtheE£sH chains intheextent ofglycosylation. Interest- ingly, adifference inglycosylation between B-lymphocytes and plasma cells wasalsonotedforbothisoforms. Thepresence of theCys-554 alsoallowed theidentification ofa distinctive asymmetric pathway ofIgEassembly, common tobothtypes ofeH chains.


The aim of my bacalary work is to aproximate the theme of active legal regulations of labour law and compensatory damages in this law which was worked out according to professional literature and judicature. The work was written according to instructions and it is devided into five main chapters. In the first chapter formation and substantiveness of law is bordered. I worked also with labour law and its entity.You can find here also concept of law,labour attitude and law identification of existence of labour attitude. Next chapter comprises current legal regulation of compensatory damages in labour-juridical connection. The third chapter is manipulating with exercitation of compensatory damages in labour law. The fourth chapter deals with some actual problems from upon mentioned compensatory damages. You can find here also suggestion on elimination of current problems in order to make better actual real aspect in compensatory damages in labour law. Last chapter contains ending and list of literature. In the end there are conclusions and commendations for praxis.


The leakage of electric current from street railway tracks used as return conductors is the principal cause of electrolytic corrosion of underground metallic structures. This paper, intended primarily for electric railway engineers and others familiar with electrolysis problems, assumes a general knowledge of the phenomena and terms of electrolysis. The paper's purpose is to discuss the factors which influence the escape of current from street railway tracks, indicating the importance of each factor from an electrolysis standpoint, and to draw certain conclusions on the electrolysis problem. A development of the theory of leakage currents is presented first for isolated linear lines and later for any portion of a track network. The equations developed for the more simple case of an isolated railway line are plotted in the form of curves, which can be more readily interpreted than the equations themselves. In addition to these curves a series of conclusions have been drawn to assist the reader in interpreting the significance of the equations. The theoretical development presented is of value in assisting the reader to secure a clear idea of the general principles governing leakage of stray currents into the earth.


The invention relates to an account protection method and device, wherein the method and device are used for protecting security of an account. The method includes the keyword finding process and the account login process. The keyword finding process includes the steps of receiving a first request for obtaining an account keyword, wherein the account is bound with a terminal and an Internet communication account in advance; sending the account keyword to the Internet communication account bound with the account. The account login process includes the steps of receiving a second request for logging into the account, wherein the second request includes a user name and a keyword; sending a dynamic verification code to the terminal bound with the account; receiving the verification code sent by the terminal for sending the second request; judging whether the user name and the keyword are correct or not, and judging whether the dynamic verification code and the verification code are matched or not; allowing a user to log into the account when the user name and the keyword are correct and the dynamic verification code and the verification code are matched. By means of the technical scheme, the security of the account can be fully protected, the leakage of information of the user account can be avoided, and the use experience of the user can be improved.


Structural fractures have a significant control effect on the large-scale accumulation of hydrocarbons in the Yanchang Formation. Previous studies have affirmed the important role of fractures in hydrocarbon accumulations in strongly deformed zones. However, for low-amplitude structural areas, the degree of fracture development is relatively low, and their control on sweet spots of hydrocarbons has not yet formed a unified understanding. In this paper, taking the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the western Ordos Basin as an example, the development characteristics, prediction method, and the distribution of fractures in tight sandstone reservoirs in low-amplitude structural areas have been systematically studied using a large number of cores, thin sections, paleomagnetism, FMI logging, acoustic emission, productivity data, and finite element method. The research results showed that the Yanchang Formation in the study area mainly develop high-angle and vertical fractures, which were formed by regional tectonic shearing. Fractures are mainly developed in the fine-grained and ultra-fine-grained sandstones of the distributary channel and estuary bar microfacies, while the fractures in the medium-grained sandstones of the distributary channel and the mudstones of the distributary bay are relatively underdeveloped. The core fractures and micro-fractures of the Yanchang Formation all have the regional distribution characteristics, and the fracture strikes are mainly between NE50° and NE 70°. Moreover, the finite element method was used to predict the fractures in the target layer, and the prediction results are consistent with the actual distribution results of the fractures. The coupling analysis of fractures and tight oil sandstone distribution showed that the existence of fractures provided conditions for the accumulation of hydrocarbons in the Yanchang Formation. The confluence and turning areas of the river channels were repeatedly scoured by river water, and the rocks were brittle and easy to form fractures. The thickness of the fractured sandstone in these areas is usually greater than 0.4 m. Moderately developed fracture zones are prone to form hydrocarbon accumulation "sweet spots," and the fracture indexes of these areas are usually distributed between 0.8 and 1.2. However, when the fracture index exceeds 1.2, over-developed fractures are unfavorable for the accumulation of hydrocarbons.


This chapter illuminates how theology came to view itself and the unresolved political questions generated by modernity that liberation theologians challenged. The theo-political negotiation that began in sixteenth-century Europe, the reverberations of the Enlightenment and Romantic heart religion, remained as a residue within post-war theology. Both Catholics and Protestant liberationists voiced the attitude of the radical wing of the Reformation, an influential minority appealed to by many subsequent dissenters. The chapter surveys a set of key theo-political negotiations resulting in the Great Separation between religion and politics contributing to the mid-century irrelevancy of theology. The thought of Martin Luther, Thomas Müntzer, and Friedrick Schleiermacher are examined as offering key ideas. In response, liberationists argued for a critical theology against an inherited privatized religion and the assumed autonomy of theology that denied its political character. Refusing to bypass politics, they instigated a call for a critical world-shaping theology.


The volitional theory of human action has formed a basis for a prominent account of voluntary behavior since at least Aquinas. But in the twentieth century the notions of will and volition lost much of their popularity in both philosophy and psychology. Gilbert Ryle's devastating attack on the concept of will, and especially the doctrine of volition, has had lingering effects evident in the widespread hostility and skepticism towards the will and volition. Since the 1970s, however, the volitional theory has received some renewed interest in the philosophy of action.


Objective To evaluate efficacy and safety of advanced primary hepatic carcinoma( PHC) by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization( TACE) with raltitrexed treatment. Methods All 95 patients with advanced PHC confirmed by pathology or clinical diagnosis were enrolled from January 2012 to December 2013,dividing into experimental group( n = 37) and control group( n =58). Experimental group: raltitrexed( 3 mg / m2) plus oxaliplatin( 100 mg/m2),pirarubicin( 40 mg/m2) in TACE treatment,while control group: FUDR( 1. 0 g) combined with oxaliplatin( 100 mg / m2),pirarubicin( 40 mg/m2). Repeated treatment was given every 4-6 weeks and efficacy was evaluated after four weeks in accordance with the modified RECIST criteria( mRECISIT),until efficacy evaluation for complete remission( CR),liver function Child-pugh C level or intolerable complications were occured. The response rate( RR),disease control rate( DCR),decreasing rate of alpha-fetoprotein( AFP),progression free survival( PFS) and the incidence of adverse reactions were assessed,and the results were compared between the two groups. Results In experimental group and control group,the RR was 35. 1% and 32. 7%( P 0. 05),AFP decreasing rate was 40. 5% and 31. 0%( P 0. 05),the median PFS was 7and 5 months( P 0. 05),DCR were 86. 5%,67. 2%( P = 0. 035),respectively. The main adverse events in both groups were nausea,vomiting,bone marrow suppression,fever and transaminase increase,the difference was not statistically significant( P 0. 05).Conclusion Preliminary study has shown that the short-term curative effect of PHC by TACE with raltitrexed treatment is exact and the toxicity can be tolerated. But it still needs a large randomized controlled study to confirm the results.


Abstract: HS-171 is a large-seeded edamame food-grade soybean genotype [Glycine max. (L.) Merr.] with yellow hilum, low oil, and high protein and sucrose concentrations. It is adapted to the areas of southwest Ontario with 3100 or more crop heat units and has a relative maturity rating of 2.6.


In this study, family socioeconomic status (SES) and self-control in childhood were examined as they related to young people's mental, behavioral, and physical health. Rural African American youth from low-SES families who were highly self-controlled experienced good mental health and avoided negative behavior in young adulthood. On the outside, they appeared to be resilient. A look at these youth's physical health, however, told another story. Results indicated that self-controlled children from low-SES families with positive behavioral health outcomes also developed physical health problems. Compared with young people from low-SES families who lacked strong self-control as children, and with young people from high-SES families, the "wear-and-tear" on outwardly resilient young people's physical well-being was greater. This suggests that, despite an outward appearance of good adjustment, the path to success in difficult environments sometimes takes a toll on the inside. For some, resilience may be only "skin deep".


Water budget under deficit rainfall years was conducted at Babhulgaon micro watershed, Parbhani district of Maharashtra state considering crop water demand, human and livestock consumption. On the main streams, there were nala bunds and farm ponds constructed for rainwater harvesting and supplemental/protective irrigation. During the year 2014, a total rainfall of 398.1 mm was received, which was 52% deficit than average normal rainfall. The major losses were occurred as soil evaporation and transpiration are 59.71 mm and 155.26 mm, respectively. The surface runoff of 29.87 mm (11%) was estimated and the soil moisture of 103.50 mm was utilized for crop growth and which was found to be insufficient for normal crop growth, thus effected the crop yields. The crop water requirements of kharif and rabi season were 339.45 and 70.10 ha-m, respectively. The total crop water requirement of the year 2014 was 409.55 ham. During 2015, an amount of 407.8 mm of rainfall received which was 51% deficit to average normal monsoon rainfall. The major losses observed were due to soil evaporation and transpiration as 61.94 mm and 161.61 mm respectively. In 2015, rainfall was well distributed and only two storms were observed in the month of September resulted in a surface runoff of 18 mm which was 4.42% of rainfall. The ground water recharge contribution was 52.36 mm (12.84% of rainfall). The soil moisture storage of 107.77 mm was observed and found to be insufficient for crop growth. The crop water requirement of kharif and rabi season was 337.55 and 81.00 ha-mm, respectively. The total crop water requirement of the year 2015 was 418.55 hamm. The outflow characteristics indicated that there is additional possibility for construction of rainwater harvesting structures like nala bunds, earthen dams and farm ponds etc., because total available water storage capacity in all existing structures is about 21 to 35% of annual runoff only. The deficiency of water resources in the Babhulgaon micro watershed can be managed by harvesting the available potential runoff and its efficient utilization through modified cropping pattern.


1 VERIFYING NETWORKS WITH SYMBOLIC EXECUTION Symbolic execution is a promising approach to network veri cation [5, 6]. Inspired from software veri cation where it is mainly used to generate test-cases (e.g. [1]), symbolic execution is a technique for exploring all viable execution paths of a program. Symbolic execution runs programs with symbolic inputs instead of concrete ones. Such an input models all possible values in it's range. When executing conditional instructions, program execution is branched. In the case of an if statement, both the then and the else branches of the program will be explored, and the condition (resp. its complement) will be added as a constraint on each execution path. Adding constraints to a symbolic variable will restrict the values in its range. Constraints are added during branching as well as when executing other non-branching instructions (e.g. assignment). If constraints are unsatis able on a program branch, execution stops on that branch. The output of symbolic execution consists of all satis ed execution branches and for each branch — the set of constraints on each variable. To deploy symbolic execution for verifying networks, the topology is interpreted as a single program whose input is a symbolic packet (i.e. a packet having possibly symbolic header elds). The execution paths of such a program correspond to the set of all possible paths the packet may take through the network. Symnet [6] takes on this approach. Symnet is a symbolic execution engine which runs on SEFL (Symbolic Execution Friendly Language) programs. SEFL is a minimalist imperative language speci cally designed for: (i) modelling network processing and (ii) fast symbolic execution. To verify a network topology, each of its components (and the topology itself) are translated to SEFL code. Symnet is fast and can check large-scale networks (e.g. the Stanford backbone) in seconds.


Endogenous concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellic acid, and abscisic acid were studied in intact fruitlets and their pedicels as well as fruitlets about to abscise and their pedicels, of Dusheri mango (Mangifera indica L.) at three developmental stages of the fruit, viz., pin head, pea, and marble stage, to assess their role in fruitlet abscission. A two-year study revealed that fruitlets about to abscise exhibited lower mean concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (29.5, 30.6, and 26.7%), gibberellic acid (42.3, 54.0, and 42.8%), and higher concentrations of abscisic acid (30.4, 20.2, and 20.5%) compared to intact fruitlets at pin head, pea, and marble stage of fruit development, respectively. Likewise, the pedicels of fruitlets about to abscise showed lower mean concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (7.3, 33.6, and 33.6%), gibberellic acid (50.3, 51.0, and 46.5%), and higher concentrations of abscisic acid (15.5, 31.9, and 29.2%) in comparison with the pedicels of intact fruits at three developmental stages, respectively.


A guide to online library research for Natural Sciences students at APUS. Explore video and image collections, podcasts, mobile apps, music and more.


This chapter describes policy initiatives of India's Department of Biotechnology for adapting and commercialising biotechnologies to provide affordable quality solutions for local needs in health care, agriculture, industry and the environment. In selected policy areas, India's promotion of global consortia involving local and foreign firms, universities and public research entities supported by domestic public/private partnerships, appears to have been critical in spurring learning, including about structured research protocols that lead to commercial products. The chapter argues that governments and firms need to better learn from evolving local experience through more rigorous performance measurement. This includes the more systematic incorporation of lessons from impact evaluation in project and programme design (with explicit metrics to report and learn from failure), and the institutionalisation in project and programme implementation of "diagnostic monitoring" routines for continuous improvement through redesign.


onitoring the behavior of program execution at run-time is widely used to differentiate benign and malicious processes executing in the host computer. Most of the existing run-time malware detection methods use the information available in Windows Application Programming Interface (API) calls. The proposed malware detection system uses the Windows API call sequence. A 3rd order Markov chain (i.e. 4-grams) is used to model the API calls. This composite feature set is provided as an input to the malware detection system to raise the final alarm. Association mining based classification is used because it yields higher detection accuracy than previous data mining based detection systems which employed Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine and Decision Tree techniques. A minimal subset of API categories is monitored while maintaining high detection accuracy. The number of generated rules is reduced, by removing the redundant rules, to make the malware analysis efficient. The key novelty of the proposed malware detection system is the iterative learning process combined with the run-time monitoring of program execution behavior which makes this as a dynamic malware detection system. The performance of the proposed malware detection system is evaluated for accuracy of malware detection system and compared with the existing data mining based detection systems. It is inferred that the proposed malware detection system outperforms the existing malware detection systems.


A review of the literature is cited. Dielectric and physical properties are listed for fifteen oxides which are included in the glass phase of a steatite body. Data from electrical measurements made at 500, 600, 1000, and 1100-kc. frequencies and at 25°, 85°. 120°, and 150°C. are included. The results of petrographic examination are noted for each body. A systematic classification in terms of the periodic table indicates correlative characteristics with respect to valency and atomic weight.


Certain psychophysical continua have a primarily morphophoric function: they are the media in which patterns occur. The appropriate scale for any such medium is one that reflects the invariances preserved in transposition behavior. The results of two experiments designed to scale pitch by transposition methods lead to the conclusion that the musical scale, not the mel scale, describes the morphophoric function of pitch. However, an abrupt breaking point is evident at about 5,000 Hz, above which transposition behavior is erratic.


The utility model discloses an energy-saving system and an energy-saving unit, comprising a solar photovoltaic generating component. The bottom surface of the solar photovoltaic generating component is fixedly connected with a heat absorber which is filled with water and is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet. In the utility model, heat produced by the solar photovoltaic generating component is absorbed by the heat absorber and is utilized so that the solar photovoltaic generating component can generate at an ideal temperature, thereby improving the generation efficiency and prolonging the service life of the components, organically combining the service function of buildings and the utilization of photovoltaic generating electric energy and heat energy, serving as multifunctional building components, utilizing space skillfully and efficiently, ensuring that the parts of sunny-side walls or roofs where solar energy is available can be fully utilized and also achieving the purpose of saving energy.