The aim of this study is to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of powdered Antrodia cinnamomea in submerged culture. The experiment followed the "Evaluation method for ingredients with immunomodulation effect" published by the Taiwan Ministry of Health and Welfare. In brief, the immunomodulatory effect of powdered Antrodia cinnamomea in submerged culture was evaluated through various parameters including body weights, serum immunoglobulin, cytokine value, phagocytic activities of phagocytes, and natural killer cell activity. A total of forty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups including the control group, and three groups administrated different doses of powdered Antrodia cinnamomea mycelia equivalent to the recommended daily doses for adults (0.5XAc, 1890 mg/day/kg, 1XAc, 3780 mg/day/kg and 2XAc, 7560 mg/day/kg). After powdered Antrodia cinnamomeamycelia was orally administered, the BALB/c mice were immunized with ovalbumin. Results showed that no significant differences in the body weights were observed between control and test groups. Moreover, there was no overall effect on the distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations; the ratio of splenic MHC I, MHC II, T cells and B cells in powdered Antrodia cinnamomea mycelia treated animals was the same as controls, suggesting that powdered Antrodia cinnamomea mycelia does not have any obvious toxic effect. However, in non-specific immune response, powdered Antrodia cinnamomea mycelia can significantly activate natural killer cells, promote the early production of IgM antibodies, and enhance the proliferation of splenic T lymphocytes, which lead to spontaneous secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ. In specific immune responses, powdered Antrodia cinnamomea mycelia can stimulate the proliferation of OVA-specific lymphocytes, which can significantly increase the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ, but inhibit the production of IL-4. Based on these findings, it is suggested that powdered Antrodia cinnamomea mycelia in submerged culture has the ability to activate natural killer cells, promotes lymphocyte proliferation, regulates cytokine secretion, and hence increases Th1 immune response.


The main result of this paper is using Bishop Frame and "Type-2 Bishop Frame" to study the cusps of Bishop spherical images and type-2 Bishop spherical images which are deeply related to a space curve and to make them visualized by computer. We find that the singular points of the Bishop spherical images and type-2 Bishop spherical images correspond to the point where Bishop curvatures and type-2 Bishop curvatures vanished and their derivatives are not equal to zero. As applications and illustration of the main results, two examples are given.


Objective To investigate the clinical significance of gene variant of transfusion transmitted virus(TTV).Methods A fluorescence real-time nested polymerase chain reaction(nested-PCR)assay with specific primers from open reading frame one(ORF1)of TTV genome was established to detect TTV DNA in the serum sample from patients with hepatitis B,non A-G chronic hepatitis and blood donors,and then melt curve was applied.Results Number of melt curve peaks in the blood donors was significantly less than that in the non-A-non-G hepatitis patients(P 0.05).The number of peaks in the non A-G hepatitis grave patients and severe patients was much more complicated than that of non A-G hepatitis moderate patients(P 0.05),but there was no significant difference between non A-G hepatitis grave patients and severe patients(P 0.05).The number of peaks in the CHB and the CSHB was much more complicated than that of the blood donors and the ASC(P 0.05).The number of peaks in the grave CHB and the CSHB was significantly higher than that of the moderate CHB(P 0.05),while there was no significant difference between the grave CHB and the CSHB(P 0.05).Conclusions There is gene variant in TTV infection.The complication of gene variant strain or quasispecies infection of TTV may be one of the causes responsible for clinical exacerbation of TTV superinfecion in chronic hepatitis patients.Melt curve can be used to analyze gene variant.


The cross-country orienteering is a sport which syncretizes the intelligence and the physical strength.This article analyzes the feasibility of the cross-country orienteering which is carries on in the colleges of Gansu Province.According to the research,with the colleges' recruitment of the students enlarging unceasingly currently,the colleges' sports teaching establishment and the sports ground are relatively scarce,so setting this course can alleviate the pressure of physical education teaching enormously,also it has a positive promotion to the construct and develop sports teaching's reform.


Through literature and data,this paper studies on cultural origin and main characteristics of Fire Dragon Festival in southern Jiangxi province.It is said that these folk activities related to the ethnic communities are well preserved,so we must maintain them in a perfect condition.


the article deals with the issues based on analyzing the categories of interdiscursivity and intertextuality in a scientific text. As it's known that intertextual inclusions belong both to the sphere of linguistics and to the sphere of the knowledge that they transmit, we consider these linguistic phenomena as linguistic cognitive formations, characterizing which we can use both linguistic and cognitive parameters. In this article the author deals with the researches of scientists based on this topic and defines the categories of interdiscursivity and intertextuality and the role of allusion in the scientific text.


After a small break-loss of coolant accident or improper maintenance activities, the potential exists for a nonuniform distribution of boric acid in a PWR coolant system. This in turn presents the possibility of a reactivity excursion if sufficient volumes of boron-dilute water an transported into the core region without having first undergone substantial mixing. A research program is being conducted at the University of Maryland College Park (USA) 2/spl times/4 thermal-hydraulic test facility to assess the generation, transport and mixing of boron-dilute volumes. The start up of a pump and the flow of a boron free slug of water in the cold leg and subsequent transport to the core downcorner in the facility is investigated.


A preloaded intraocular lens injection device (10) includes a retainer (40) for releasably holding an IOL (30) in an unstressed state. The retainer and IOL are removably attached to an injector body (14) and are sealed in the same package for delivery to a surgeon. In an alternate embodiment, the retainer and IOL are coupled together and sealed in one package and the injector body is sealed in a separate package with the surgeon attaching the retainer to the injector body at the time of surgery. To deliver the IOL through the injector body, the retainer is removed from the injector body causing the IOL to release from the retainer and become located in an unstressed state in the injector body. A compressor is moved to the closed position to compress the IOL, the injector tip (18) is inserted through a small incision in an eye and a plunger (20) is advanced to push the IOL through and out the injector body tip and into an eye.


We have thus far treated of the Affairs of Religion only, that is, of the Gods of the Ancients, their Worship, and whatever else had relation thereto. We come now to treat of such things as regard the common Usages of Life, namely the Inventions of Men in providing for their Necessities, their Convenience, and their Pleasure. Of these, that which is of most Concern to them is their Habits, their Houses, and their Table; with which we shall begin this Volume.1


This paper presents a design of an one-sided directional slot antenna for 1THz frequency rage future telecommunication applications. The antenna was realized on the 45 nm SOI CMOS technology. The antenna was composed of the top antenna layer, thin dielectric inter layer and bottom floating metal layer. To enhance the bandwidth, 1⨯2 array antenna was designed which has 6.2 dBi antenna gain and 250GHz 3dB bandwidth at 1 THz in simulation.


The development realization is closely related to land provision process which is surely closely related to human activities and their environment. The development of a city will always closely related to land provision; whether in cities, adjacent areas and surrounding areas. The objective of this research is to examine the effects of surrounding community concern, the community understanding of the landfill, environmental awareness behavior, and the government role on the community diseases condition and negative effects of the landfill presence. This research was conducted in Kulo Village, North Tondano District, Tondano City as the location of landfill (TPA) of Tondano City and in the surrounding waters area. The time of the research was planned for six months, starting in November 2012 until April 2012. In this research, the analyses used to test the hypotheses that have been proposed were hypothesized between variables using path analysis with the Sobel test approach to between variables mediation testing. Based on the analysis in the previous chapter, the conclusions are as follows: on the results of the path analysis, the community diseases condition and negative impacts of the landfill presence are directly and significantly affected by the surrounding community concern, community understanding of the landfill, and environmental awareness behavior, meanwhile the government role does not directly affect the community diseases condition and negative impact of the landfill presence.


[Problem] To produce a mineral supplement, which can be commonly used in liquid seasonings, supplements, cosmetics, mouth washing liquids, plant growth promoters, etc., by a common method using common starting materials.
[Solution] A method for producing a mineral supplement that can be administered to the human body and plants, said method being characterized by comprising: a first supply step for supplying a portion of a predetermined amount of vinegar into a container; a second supply step for supplying at least one material selected from among garlic, instant coffee, vinegar and a fruit into the container which holds the vinegar having been supplied thereinto; a third supply step for supplying at least one material selected from among pulverized cereal husks, a charred product thereof and a calcination ash thereof into the container, which has been treated in the second supply step, and mixing; a fourth supply step for supplying the remainder of the vinegar to the container which has been treated in the third supply step; and an extraction step for, after the fourth supply step, separating the contents of the container into a liquid portion and a solid portion and extracting the thus separated liquid portion as a mineral solution.


In my Create Promise blog post a couple weeks back, one of the pieces I said we would follow up on was documentation on leaving OU


Understanding the process of tephra dispersion is scientifically important in order to estimate eruption conditions from tephra fallout deposits and also socially and economically required to prepare for risks of tephra-fall, such as air traffic disruption and damages to agriculture, infrastructures and buildings. For this reason, advection-diffusion models for tephra transportation have been developed with simplified assumptions (e.g., TEPHRA2). The final goal of this study is development of a new advection-diffusion model which correctly reproduces the physical process of tephra dispersion in the atmosphere. In TEPHRA2 model, vertical diffusivity of particles is assumed to be negligible. Under this assumption, if the tephra particles of a single grain size are supplied from a point source in the atmosphere, the distribution of the diffused particles is described by a bivariate Gaussian distribution. When the particles with various sizes are released from different heights, the distribution of the entire tephra deposit can be expressed by a simple superposition of bivariate Gaussian distributions. This assumption makes analyses of geological data easier; however, its limitation should be carefully evaluated because the effect of vertical diffusivity on distribution of tephra deposit is not clear. In this study, we systematically investigated the effect using a particle-tracking model (PUFF). The horizontal and are simulated by random formulation. In our single-sized tephra are a point source a are advected and diffused under a In order to reduce volcanic disaster, it is important to detect the eruption and estimate the plume height of volcanic eruption. Taller plume obstructs aircraft flight paths, and lapilli lifted upward in the growing plume fell to a long way by upper wind effect. In the case of the Shiomoedake eruption, February 2, 2013, the lapilli reached up to 16 km from the vent. This time, the plume was not able to be seen by low-level clouds. So it is necessary to estimate plume height by not using visual observation. Sparks et al. (1997) showed that plume height is proportionate to 0.25-th power of mass flux empirically by analyzing many eruptions. Lighthill (1978) showed that excess pressure due to an acoustic source is proportionate to the rate of change of mass flux. Base on the above studies, by using the infrasound-pressure data we try to estimate the time variation of plume height during the Shinmoedake eruption, January 26 - 27, 2011. Result analyzed by using the infrasound pressure corresponds to plume height variation estimated by weather radar (Shimbori et al., 2013) with high correlation. Best fitting power index is estimated not to be 0.25 but to be 0.35 - 0.41. And coefficient of weight density for plume volume is estimated to be 150 - 300 kg/m 3 . If these coefficients could be determined appropriately, infrasound pressure data might be able to estimate the plume height. Actual successive discharge of pyroclast has two components of mass flux, steady flow and pulsative flow. Steady flow con-tributes to plume height more than pulsative flow. In this study, even though we estimate it only by pulsative flow's component, calculated result is consistent with observed plume height. It is guessed that there is some kind of linear relation between the two components. During explosive volcanic eruptions, the eruption clouds form buoyant plumes or dense pyroclastic flows. The critical condition that separates these two eruption styles is primarily governed by entrainment of ambient air into the eruption clouds by turbulent mixing. When turbulent mixing is efficient, the eruption clouds form buoyant plumes, whereas, when it is inefficient, the eruption clouds form dense pyroclastic flows. Recently, it has been pointed out that compressibility of the eruption clouds also influences on the critical condition (e.g., Koyaguchi et al., 2010). When the compressible ejected material is released from the vent at higher pressures than atmospheric pressure (under overpressured conditions), it forms a jet with complex internal structure including rarefaction waves and shock waves. This internal structure affects turbulent mixing between the ejected material and ambient air. Here, we focus on the overpressured eruptions at sonic velocities, and analyze their fluid dynamical features, particularly those of turbulent mixing just above the vent using a three-dimensional numerical model (Suzuki et al., 2005). In general, as fluid flows from a nozzle at sonic velocities with an overpressure, the fluid undergoes Prandtl-Meyer expansion, rapidly accelerating to high Mach numbers and decreasing in pressure and density. This supersonic flow forms a standing shock wave called a Mach disk perpendicular to the flow just above the nozzle. The high Mach number fluid crossing the Mach disk undergoes an abrupt decrease in velocity to subsonic speeds and increases in pressure and density. A barrel shock is formed surrounding the jet axis and a jet flow boundary is formed outside the barrel shock. An annular supersonic up-flow develops between the barrel shock and the jet flow boundary and maintains its supersonic flow above the Mach disk (e.g., Ogden et al., 2008). According to experimental results by Solovitz et al. (2011), the efficiency of the entrainment of overpressured jets falls to approximately 60% of those in turbulent jets issuing from the nozzle as subsonic flows. We performed the numerical simulations under the same conditions as those of the experiments by Solovitz et al. (2011): air is issuing from the nozzle into the atmosphere at sonic velocities for an initial temperature of 258 K and for an initial pressure of 2.55 atm. Our results reproduced the complex internal structure with the barrel shock, the Mach disk, the jet flow boundary and the annular supersonic up-flow. As the fluid crosses the Mach disk, its Mach number is reduced from 2.5 to 0.5. The annular supersonic up-flow has a Mach number of about 2.0 and this region with high Mach number is maintained up to ten diameters downstream of the exit. We also carried out a detailed analysis of our numerical experiment obtained here. We found that eddy structure is formed along the jet flow boundary and these eddies remarkably enhance mixing between the ejected material and ambient air. Solovitz et al. (2011) concluded that the efficiency of entrainment of overpressured jets is reduced on the basis of the properties estimated from averaged values of the column at a given height. However they do not evaluate the effect of local mixing along the annular supersonic up-flow observed in our numerical results. We suggest that the buoyant region generated by the local mixing in the annular supersonic up-flow may stabilize eruption columns. Three kinds of noises, turbulent mixing noise, screech noise and broadband shock-associated noise are known to be generated around an under-expanded supersonic free jet [Tam, 1995]. Since screech tone has a sharp peak at a specific frequency and causes problems such as noise pollution and destructive structural fatigue, the generating mechanism and the noise characteristics such as the amplitude and the frequencies have been investigated by many researchers ever since Pawell [1953] first reported its existence. The screech tone is usually generated when the nozzle pressure ratio is in the range of 2 to 6, and most studies of the noise is performed for that pressure ratio range by using microphones. This study is performed in the higher pressure ratio range. Experiments of the sound pressure measurements are carried out by using a microphone. In addition, the density field around the free jet is also visualized by using an optical technique. The flow visualization technique is found to be useful in studying the acoustic noises. in PC amplifier Three different nozzle geometries, straight-type, diverging-type and converging-type are used the The optical flow visualization technique of Schrielen method with double optical passage scheme is used. four times more sensitivity compared with the conventional Schrielen technique From the flow visualization images obtained for the nozzle pressure ratios from 2 to 6, concentric fringes centered at a point downstream from the nozzle exit in the jet are clearly seen. The frequencies estimated from the fringe intervals and the sound speed agree well with those measured with a microphone. This proves the usefulness of the flow visualization in studying acoustic field. As the nozzle pressure ratio increases, it is observed that the screech frequency and the sound level also decrease. When the ratio is increased beyond 6, no clear peak frequencies are detected. Instead, in this region, it is observed in the flow visualization images that sound waves are generated at around the nozzle exit and propagates in the direction of the jet. The estimated frequencies of the sound waves from the images are beyond the upper frequency limit of our microphone. It is also found from the flow images that the sound wave frequencies extend broad range without clear dependency on the nozzle pressure ratio. These characteristics of the sound wave correspond to those of turbulent mixing noise. The acoustic pressure measurements with a microphone and the flow visualization technique of double-light-passage Schrielen method are used in this study to investigate the acoustic field around supersonic free jets. Experimental data of the screech tone obtained with the two different methods agreed well and demonstrated that the flow visualization is an useful method of investigating acoustic problems. The flow visualization technique was applied for investigating the noise generated with the high nozzle pressure ratio. It is found that the noises generated in the pressure ratio region are the turbulent mixing noises. Mount Shinmoe-dake, in the Kirishima volcanic group, (located in southern Kyushu, Japan), erupted in January 2011. The eruption was initially magmatophreatic, and th


Different brands of fly strips were tested in order to determine which was most effective is capturing specimen of Musca domestica. Five brands of fly traps were placed in two locations for one week per trial for a total of three trials. At the end of each week the number of specimen captured were counted and recorded. The results showed that the brand Quick Strike was most effective in capturing specimen of Musca domestica , and the brand Safer was least effective.


A switchable multi-wavelength thulium-doped fiber laser based on non-adiabatic tapered fibers is experimentally demonstrated. The laser is switched from single to multi-wavelength by curving the tapers showing high stability output near 2 μm region.


There is an outline of the problem of oral diseases treatment arising due to exposure to pathogenic organisms in the review. The article contains classification of existing antimicrobials used as pharmaceutical substances; the analysis of advantages and disadvantages of different active substances within it's basic structural elements and it's mechanisms of action. The article also represents the information about existing dosage forms used for the treatment of oral diseases, with a description of the pros and cons of application in each case. Special attention is paid to the adjuvants which are available in existing products, and providing various properties of the preparations: ease of application, a corrective effect, stability of the drug during the claimed shelf life, etc. The information provided in the review fully depicts modern approaches of drug products development for the treatment of oral diseases and can serve as an auxiliary material for creating new medicines in this area.


The article provides an overview of the life and work of the Icelandic scholar Arni Magnusson (1663-1730), collector of manuscripts and professor of history at the University of Copenhagen. He started collecting Icelandic manuscripts as a young man and his collection is now the basis for all research on Medieval Iceland. It also contains Norwegian and Danish medieval manuscripts, as well as more recent Icelandic ones.


Some techniques in application of RS-232C, such as voltage level transfer, transfer with low dissipation, and application of system, are described in this article.


In this work we analyze a class of nonlinear fractional elliptic systems involving Hardy--type potentials and coupled by critical Hardy-Sobolev--type nonlinearities in $\mathbb{R}^N$. Due to the lack of compactness at the critical exponent the variational approach requires a careful analysis of the Palais-Smale sequences. In order to overcome this loss of compactness, by means of a concentration--compactness argument the compactness of PS sequences is derived. This, combined with a energy characterization of the semi-trivial solutions, allow us to conclude the existence of positive ground and bound state solutions en terms of coupling parameter $\nu>0$ and the involved exponents $\alpha,\beta$.


Gastroenterological medicine has, in recent decades, experienced two major innovations, viz. fibre optic endoscopy (a diagnostic technology) and cimetidine, an innovation in ulcer therapy. This paper is concerned with determining the efficacy of cimetidine in reducing the number of surgical procedures for gastric and duodenal ulcer. It is found that, since the introduction of cimetidine, a statistically significant decline in gastric ulcer operations has occurred. A similar result was not obtained for persons with a diagnosis of duodenal ulcer. The picture of substitution of therapies given by this study is in sharp contrast to that depicted in clinical drug trials. This has significance for technology assessment.


Individuals and groups who purchase and install wind energy conversion systems (WECS) for either generation of electricity or pumping water have to go through a process by which a specific location is selected for each WECS. The purpose of this study was to identify and document methods and practices used in siting of WECS. The study covers the period from the early 1900s to the present day. 174 references.


As suggested by field records, elaborate mitigative planning for the protection of an area around Amparav in North India from the threat of landslide have been in place for nearly a century. The landslide management plan incorporates essentials of both structural and non‐structural mitigative measures that reflect a thorough understanding by the landslide managers of the mass wastage processes involved. Implementation of this plan safeguarded this highly fragile zone that is neotectonically active and that has historically been threatened by stream erosion. However, critical lack of awareness of the plan among ordinary villagers led to its being rendered inoperable; culminating in the Amparav tragedy of the 23 September 2004 that took three human lives and destroyed huge amounts of public and private property and infrastructure facilities.


The second phase of normal endometrial cycle or secretion has been called "progestational phase" because its characteristics change during it ensures the best conditions for egg implantation and immediate needs of nesting. For these particular qualities can be attributed to their etiological involvement significant alterations in defects related to poor implementation ovulate (infertility) but presumably some extent, these changes act as endometrial sterility factor.


The formation of adolescent identity is influenced by various factors, one of which is the role of parenting and adolescent emotional autonomy. This study aims to analyze the parental psychological control and emotional autonomy in adolescent identity formation. This study used quantitative research methods with a cross-sectional approach. The participants of this study were 480 adolescents in Surabaya aged 12-21 who were obtained by the quota sampling method. The Indonesian versions of the Utrecht-Management of Identity Commitments Scale, Psychological Control Scale-Youth Self-Report, and Emotional Autonomy Scale were used to measure identity formation, parental psychological control, and emotional autonomy. Data analysis was carried out using multiple regression and hierarchical regression. The results indicate that the mother's psychological control predicted deep exploration, the father's psychological control predicted commitment, whereas emotional autonomy predicted low commitment. In addition, emotional autonomy was not a moderator between parental psychological control and identity formation. These findings indicate that parental psychological control and emotional autonomy have different roles in identity formation according to the context in Indonesia.


I study the structural stability for a problem in a porous medium when the density of saturating liquid is a nonlinear function of temperature and an internal heat source is present. It has been shown that for this problem when one considers thermal convection in a plane infinite layer then resonance may occur between internal layers that arise. A key parameter is the internal heat source and its presence may lead to oscillatory instability inducing resonance. Therefore, in this paper, I analyze the general structural stability problem of continuous dependence on the heat source itself for a model of nonisothermal flow in a porous medium of Forchheimer type, in a general three‐dimensional domain.


Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) thin films with thicknesses on the order of 100's nanometers on substrates and graphene thin films on substrate are characterized via Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. The thin film is treated as a surface boundary condition between the substrate and air. Using the uniform field approximation, the surface conductivities of these films are extracted. The SWNT results show consistent surface conductivities for samples on different substrates and with different film thicknesses. The measured graphene Terahertz conductivity is comparable to the values reported in literatures at DC and optical frequency. This characterization method has been successfully applied as a means to evaluate metallic content of SWNT samples to verify a metallic SWNT purification process using high power microwave irradiation.


In Switzerland the consumption of non-dairy plant-based beverages increased (+19%) from 2011 to 2016 whereas the consumption of cow's milk decreased (-6%). This trend makes it necessary to investigate in detail which products are on the market, what they are composed of and the implications with regard to their nutritional value. The main supermarket chains in Switzerland sell 52 dairy and non-dairy plant-based beverages that were analysed as to their composition (information from the label and nutrient databases) and nutrient content per recommended serving size. This information was correlated to the recommended dietary allowances published by the Swiss Society for Nutrition (SSN), for adults (25-51), children (4-7 years) and toddlers (1-3 years). The main focus was placed on the protein content and amino acid composition of the beverages which is of great importance for different physiological functions. Furthermore, calcium, sugar, and salt content were discussed in detail. Altogether, replacing cow's milk with non-dairy plant-based beverages leads to a reduced intake of proteins, calcium, certain vitamins and minerals and to an increased intake of added salt. Therefore, such a substitution should be made with precaution and nutrient deficiencies balanced with other food sources.


The collective monograph 'Anti-corruption security measures' is being reviewed. It is noted that the study was carried out on the basis of the current state of legal regulation of the fight against corruption, the tasks of anti-corruption security were determined, well-founded conclusions and recommendations were formulated for creating a system of measures for such security. The study of anti-corruption security measures is relevant for the development of the science of criminal law and criminology, as well as the sciences of related fields of knowledge. Scientific ideas, analysis of legislation and law enforcement practice can be useful for further scientific research on anti-corruption measures, in rule-making activities in order to prevent corruption in the life of society and the state.


Abstract : Reports in the literature indicated that dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) seemed to permit the passage through the skin of extremely large molecular-size particles. Each day for 42 days, 5 cubic centimeters of a mixture of a 100 per cent solution of DMSO and an equal part of a bovine serum albumin solution were applied to the shaved backs of five rabbits. Sera drawn at 14, 28 and 49 days were studied for evidence of precipitating antibody, and the precipitates were evaluated for total nitrogen content. In addition, 10 patients from the Allergy Clinic of Wilford Hall USAF Hospital and with a clinical history of inhalant allergic disease as well as positive skin tests by the conventional technique were selected for study. They were given drop skin tests on the back with 50 per cent DMSO and a 1:40 antigen concentration. No evidence of skin toxicity was found with the use of a 50 per cent DMSO concentration in the animals or the humans. Therefore, consideration should be given to the potential use of DMSO as an antigen carrier vehicle. (Author)


In this article we are interested in conditions on the coefficients of a Walsh multiplier operator that imply the operator is bounded on certain dyadic Hardy spaces H p , 0 < p < ∞. In particular, we consider two classical coefficient conditions, originally introduced for the trigonometric case, the Marcinkiewicz and the Hörmander–Mihlin conditions. They are known to be sufficient in the spaces L p , 1 < p < ∞. Here we study the corresponding problem on dyadic Hardy spaces, and find the values of p for which these conditions are sufficient. Then, we consider the cases of H 1 and L 1 which are of special interest. Finally, based on a recent integrability condition for Walsh series, a new condition is provided that implies that the multiplier operator is bounded from L 1 to L 1, and from H 1 to H 1. We note that existing multiplier theorems for Hardy spaces give growth conditions on the dyadic blocks of the Walsh series of the kernel, but these growth are not computable directly in terms of the coefficients.


Predicting and understanding turbulent flows is still a partially open problem. This thesis is specifically focused on incompressible external aerodynamics. Lagrangian vortex element methods are well suited to simulate these type of flows but were limited to moderate Reynolds numbers. Here, hybrid approaches are proposed to overcome this limitation. First, flows that can be modeled using prescribed separation regions are investigated using simplified approaches. While they allow to handle high Reynolds number wake flows, only limited quantitative results can be obtained. Therefore, a new approach that combines an Eulerian grid-based solver and a Lagrangian solver is developed. This hybrid approach suppresses the biggest limitation of vortex methods: it allows to efficiently handle the boundary layer regions using the Eulerian solver. Another contribution is the development of a conservative redistribution scheme for hierarchically refined grids. It provides the required control on the spatial accuracy. The capabilities of the new scheme are demonstrated on the flow past a hemisphere at Re=3,000. Then, an application of vortex methods to a complex, turbulent, real-life problem is shown through the investigation of aircraft wake vortices in ground effect. The results light the path for future work: the developments made for the pure Lagrangian method should be transfered to the Vortex-In-Cell approach, as it is an order of magnitude faster. Finally, a hybrid RANS-LES turbulence modeling formulation is investigated and further adapted. While results are encouraging, the extension of the method to complex geometries is not trivial. Nevertheless, the core idea of the approach should be kept in mind as it could be adapted to more general RANS-LES approaches.


Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is gaining importance in advanced material research through its application in the field of bioplastic material and medical field applications. Production of PHB has been optimized in bacterial species. The current work focuses on isolation characterization of halophilic bacterial strain from Saltern Sambhar lake, Rajasthan and optimization for high production of PHB. The optimized growth was studied in different media Nutrient broth, M9, HSM and GM 2. Modified DSC-97. Further optimization studies were carried out in different pH (7-10), sodium chloride concentrations (1-5 M) incubation time (24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hrs) and variable carbon sources (glucose 1-4%). PHB was extracted by chloroform extraction protocol and was detected and characterized by TLC and FTIR. Halophilic bacterial strain was identified through 16s RNA sequencing method.


We investigate theoretically the spatial structure of electromagnetic Gaussian beams reflected at the flat interface of a chiral medium when the medium of incidence is achiral. We show that, due to the birefringence of the chiral medium, the Goss-Hanchen lateral displacement suffered by the beam upon reflection is maximum at two angles ofincidence very close to those for which the right and left circularly polarized waves transmitted into the chiral medium become evanescent. We also show that both co- and cross-polarized components of the reflected beam can exhibit lateral shifts either in the forward or in the backward direction with respect to the incident beam.


The paper discusses briefly a hierarchical spatio-temporal framework to study globalization, economics and ecology for better understanding and conceptualization of the balance between biodiversity and Natural Capital (NC) on one side, and the Socio-Economic Systems (SES), on the other side, which was designed based on the recent achievements in the field of Systems Ecology. Based on the conceptual clarification of the dynamic condictions for sustainability and on an extensive review of the most recent literature, there are proposed and discussed the decision support system and decision making model as the operational interface between Natural Capital components and Socio-Economic Systems, which might enable to establish and maintain the balance among them. The identified weaknesses and gaps in the structure and function of the Decision Support System (DSS) show the need for extensive and long term research and integrated monitoring and for development and improvement of the methodology and tools.


This comment on the article by Gregory Hickok discusses the arguments from error patterns in conduction aphasia as evidence in favour of the hierarchical state feedback control (HSFC) model. I will argue that only a very specific pattern of impaired pseudo-word repetition fits the architecture of the HSFC model, which seems incapable in its present form to explain the production of phonological slips of the tongue and of phonological paraphasias.


Our imperfect world is advancing relentlessly towards uncertain future scenarios, and we must try to redirect it towards sustainability, that is, towards a new way of doing things in order to improve our environment while at the same time achieving justice, social equality and economic stability. However change is impossible without learning, just as learning is impossible without change. In the text that follows, I will analyze the need for a new form of education in today's society and identify the specific challenges that higher education faces.


We posit that family firms often face a dilemma in their strategic decision making: whether to maintain current socioemotional wealth or pursue prospective financial wealth. Applying such a mixed gamble perspective to acquisitions, family owners assess potential acquisitions with regard to their impact on both wealth dimensions. In line with this reasoning, our results show that family control implies a general reluctance to acquire and, when an acquisition happens, a preference for related targets. Because financial and socioemotional viewpoints lead to largely incompatible predictions about the occurrence and relatedness of acquisitions, family firm owners use their firm's vulnerability as a signal. Increased vulnerability leads to a heightened propensity to prioritize financial over socioemotional wealth problem framing, which is reflected in the acquisition of unrelated targets. Empirical results are supportive of these predictions.


The enantioselective synthesis of trans-(3R,4S)-1-(R)-α-methylbenzyl-3-(2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-aza-2,5-disilacyclopentyl)-4-N-(R)-α-methylbenzyliminoazetidin-2-one has been accomplished by reaction of the chiorozinc enolate of an N,N-diprotected glycine ethyl ester with a Chiral α-diimine.


AbstractPostyield steel–concrete bond has been the subject of considerable investigations using pull-out or direct tensile tests; however, the degradation in bond due to reinforcement yielding in R...


The common mode interference existing in hydrophone array due to the improper circuit design will contaminate the acquisition A/D data and lead to poor performance of sonar signal processing.The properties of common mode interference are analyzed,and two interference cancelling methods,based on the transplacement subtraction technique and the independent component analysis(ICA) respectively,are proposed to recover the contaminated acquisition data.The validity of the proposed methods is verified by beamforming of lake-trial data.


In this paper, we simulated Collusion and Network partition DoS attacks using GlomoSIm (GLobal MObile information system SIMulator). The network with 36 nodes in grid pattern was chosen. Throughput analysis with and without DoS attack was carried out for varying number of nodes. The importance of fairness in MAC layer is also justified through the results obtained.


Abstract A method has been developed to perform mainstream smoke (MSS) chemical analysis on individual cigarette puffs using standard equipment typically found in a smoke chemistry laboratory. The method allows for accurate delivery profiling of smoke constituents as the cigarette is consumed. This methodology can be applied to both gas- and particulate phase species.


: Medication has become a very necessary factor for the survival of human species and many scientists are continuously working on improving our medical advancements, as a tribute to those scientists, our team is working on a device which will monitor heartbeat, temperature, blood pressure, glucose levels and invasive blood group identification using heartbeat sensor, temperature sensor, node mcu and Mems. As we are using invasive blood group identification there is no need to puncture human body to identify blood group. It sends notification to the nearest doctor and family members in case of any emergency or abnormal situations. It stores all the data in cloud which helps to access the data from anywhere by family members or doctors to analyse the situation and past medical history. The add on advantage of this application is we can store past medical prescriptions and all other health details of medicines being used by patients which might be needed during his visit to other hospitals or in emergency conditions.


Over the decades, India and the United States have had very little formal collaboration on nuclear issues. Partly this was because neither country needed collaboration to make progress in the nuclear field. But it was also due, in part, to the concerns both countries had about the other's intentions. Now that the U.S.-India Deal on nuclear collaboration has been signed and the Hyde Act passed in the United States, it is possible to recognize that both countries can benefit from such nuclear collaboration, especially if it starts with issues important to both countries that do not touch on strategic systems. Fortunately, there are many noncontroversial areas for collaboration. This study, funded by the U.S. State Department, has identified a number of areas in the prevention of and response to radiological incidents where such collaboration could take place.


Warak Ngendog as a symbol of unity and the mascot of Semarang City. It has local wisdom values which are important to be passed on to the younger generations. So far, Warak Ngendog has been close to people's lives in the form of toys and a Dugderan celebration which is held once a year. The trend shows that the Warak Ngendog toy is getting less and less popular, due to the presence of foreign characters that are closer to the child. This has made the younger generation's understanding of Warak Ngendog culture decrease. The purpose of this research is to design the comic characters of Warak Ngendog to attract public interest. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method to get a picture of the value of local wisdom of Warak Ngendog. This is then analyzed and implemented in designing a good comic character design. The results of the analysis show that aesthetic, social, and religious values are the main elements in designing the character of Warak Ngendog. The result is a character design of Warak Ngendog which still maintains its visual uniqueness and has a good characterization of representation of Warak Ngendog's social and religious values.


The utility model discloses a tablet personal computer protection device with a novel hole site system. The tablet personal computer protection device with the novel hole site system comprises a protection frame sleeve (1) and a handle (2) which is arranged on the side of the protection frame sleeve; a circular socket which is perpendicular to the plane of the protection frame sleeve and is used for inserting a stylus is formed in the outer frame of the protection frame sleeve; a first projection (7) and a second projection (8) are arranged on one side of the protection frame sleeve; a circular through hole (5) is formed in the first projection (7) and a circular jack (6) is formed in the second projection (8); the circular through hole (5) and the circular jack (6) are arranged on the same axis; the axis is in parallel with the side on which the first projection is arranged and the side on which the second projection is arranged. The tablet personal computer protection device with the novel hole site system has the advantages that the stylus can be conveniently stored, the functions are abundant and convenience can be brought to users.


Objectives: Claudin low breast cancers are often high grade, triple negative tumours with poor prognosis.  They are identified at genetic level and are not diagnosed routinely by immunohistochemistry. The objective was to determine the best subcellular level to detect Claudin low breast cancer by immunohistochemistry, in terms of their histopathological prognostic features. Methods: This cross sectional study included all archival breast cancer tissue collected up to December 2015 in our unit. Tissue microarrays (TMA) were constructed using 23 breast cancer cores with a diameter of 2mm, in each TMA. TMAs were immunohistochemically stained for Claudin 3 expression and was scored as; no staining=0, weak staining=1, moderate staining=2 and strong staining=3, separately for membrane, cytoplasmic and nuclear staining. A score 3.4 (p=0.028), ER and PR negative (p<0.001) and HER 2 negative (p=0.013) tumours while low membrane staining was associated with low grade (p=0.038), HER 2 negative (p<0.001) breast cancers. Low cytoplasmic staining was associated with HER 2 negative breast cancer only (p=0.002). Conclusions: Nuclear staining for Claudin should be assessed to identify Claudin low breast cancer by immunohistochemistry as it significantly associates with most of the Claudin low breast cancer characteristics.


ABSTRACT Conservatism and conservative party politics in Britain and America is associated with neo-colonial attitudes, including pursuit of national interests ahead of post-colonial development. Based on interviews conducted in Washington and London with actors involved with African development, this article examines comparative shifts in conservatives' engagements from the late Cold War era to the G. W. Bush and Cameron governments. Greater ideological heterogeneity and distinctiveness among American conservative interests groups, combined with a bureaucratic environment in the US allowing more direct channels for ideological input into policy, results in a more clearly conservative stamp on Africa policy in the US than in Britain where ideological lines on development have become more blurred since the 1997 New Labour election victory and the creation of the Department for International Development.


The invention discloses a novel adiabatic logic gating circuit. A first p-channel metal oxide semiconductor (PMOS) tube, a second PMOS tube, a first n-channel metal oxide semiconductor (NMOS) tube, and a second NMOS tube form an energy recovery circuit with a cross-coupled structure, the source electrode of the first PMOS tube and the drain electrode of the second PMOS tube are parallelly connected to the positive terminal of a power source, the source electrode of the first NMOS tube and the drain electrode of the second NMOS tube are parallelly connected to a clock signal terminal, a first PMOS logic block is bridged between the source electrode of the first PMOS tube and the drain electrode of the first PMOS tube, a second PMOS logic block is bridged between the drain electrode of the second PMOS tube and the source electrode of the second PMOS tube, the first PMOS logic block is provided with at least one positive input signal connecting terminal, and the second PMOS logic block is provided with at least one inverted input signal connecting terminal. The invention has the advantages that: an adiabatic circuit of which the functional characteristics are completely opposite to those of the traditional adiabatic logic circuit is provided, and the first PMOS logic block and the second PMOS logic block consists of PMOS tubes, so that the circuit power consumption can be greatly reduced.


Classroom games enjoy great popularity among Vocational college English teachers.New Century English offers us a splendid forum where we can study and carry out classroom games.The present study demonstrates some specific classroom games,such as "sentence passing","seeking friends".These activities can enrich the approaches of Vocational college English instruction,motivate students' enthusiasm of learning,develop sense of cooperation as well as competition,and enhance their comprehensive abilities,including listening,speaking,reading,writing and translating.In addition,the present study also tries to clarify the principles of Vocational College English Classroom Games.


The main aim of this paper is to use the properties of the trigonometric sums and character sums, and the number of the solutions of several symmetry congruence equations to research the computational problem of a certain sixth power mean of the generalized Gauss sums and generalized Kloosterman sums, and to give two exact computational formulae for them.


. An experiment was conducted for three years (2003 to 2005) with  the main objective to evaluate the performance of five perennial grasses, at KARINA, Gilgit, Northern Areas, Pakistan. The design of the experiment was randomized complete-block replicated four times. Morphological characters like plant height, number of  tillers plant-1, green fodder yield, and dry matter yield were determined. Highly significant differences among the fodder genotypes under study were observed. Maximum Plant height (61.67 cm), maximum number of tiller palnt-1(38.85) dry matter yield (3.55  t ha-1) and green fodder yield (8.87 t ha-1) were obtained from Panicum antidotale genotype, whereas, minimum Plant height (36.19 cm), no. of tiller plant-1(21.59), dry matter yield (1.97 t ha-1) and green fodder yield (5.05 t ha-1) were recorded in genotype Agropyron trachycalum (mix).  The results indicated that the genotype Panicum antidotale significantly produced the highest yield and quality than other four grasses under study thus showing good prospects for cultivation under Juglote conditions of Pakistan.


It is a pursuit goal of keeping with the times and optimization for class mentors facing the diversified students.This paper analyzes the work of class mentors from the angle of basic functions of management such as planning,organization,commanding,coordination and control,to explore the ways of optimizing the work of college class mentors.


In this article, we investigate the effect of randomness of the size of a small domain on the precision of an estimator of mean for the domain under double sampling for stratification. The result shows that for a small domain that cuts across various strata with unknown weights, the sampling variance depends on the within domain variance, the variance of means of the domain units in each of the various strata and the variance of the proportion of units of the observed sample that belong to the domain. KEY WORDS: Domain, Double sampling, stratification. Global Journal of Mathematical Sciences Vol.3(2) 2004: 173-178


As the internet become larger and larger, the host computers and edge devices provide more load to the network divices, the result is data message delays, the drop probability increases, and the performance of superstratum application descends. Congestion Control Algorithm plays a very important role in maintaining the steady running of the Internet. In recent years, the congestion control algorithm have been extensively studied, proposed many new and improved algorithm. This paper analyses the End-to-End TCP Congestion Control Algorithm detailedly, and discusses the future research directions and opening problems in the area.


Proposes a number of metrics to assess the maintainability of code. Dominance relations are used to express the complexity of call relations and an assumption is made that, when more complex relations are present within a source code module, it is harder for an application to be maintained. The paper describes a case study whereby the changes in dominance relations are investigated over versions of the software. Based on the changes to the relations, assumptions are made regarding the maintainability of the software. These assumptions are later verified by investigating change documentation and interviewing the maintainers. The results of this study seem to indicate that the dominance relations do reflect some principles of code maintainability.


On the basis of experimental and clinical data Dr. S.V. Heinatz was convinced that the blood poured into the abdominal cavity is absorbed mainly through the lymphatic system of the diaphragm. Within 24 hours the absorption of blood usually ends even with large hemorrhages, and the tilted position of the body according to Trendelenburg accelerates the absorption by almost 2 times.


A method has been described for separation of the nondialyzable solids of normal urine into three major fractions (1). The R-1 fraction is composed of the portion which is not filtrable through collodion membranes of average pore diameter 20 mtn, and which is insoluble in veronal buffer of pH 8.6 and ionic strength 0.1. A mean excretion rate of 90 mg per 24 hours (range, 51 to 168 mg per 24 hours) has been established for both male and female adults. Attempts to separate the R-1 into subfractions by electrophoresis, various solvents, and ultracentrifugation have failed to provide subfractions which were distinctly different in composition from the original material. The present paper reports a further characterization of the R-1 mucosubstance by immunological methods.


Importance: Childhood obesity is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease, and mental disorders later in life. To investigate the parallel effects on cardiometabolic and mental health in children with overweight or obesity will provide new insights on the benefits of exercise on overall health. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 20-week exercise program on cardiometabolic and mental health in children with overweight or obesity. Design: Parallel-group randomized clinical trial (RCT) conducted in Granada (Spain) from November 2014 to June 2016. Setting: Clinical setting. Participants: Eligibility criteria included children with overweight or obesity aged 8 to 11.9 years from Granada (Spain) and surrounding areas. Intervention: The exercise program included 3-5 sessions/week (90 min/session) of aerobic plus resistance training for 20-weeks. The wait-list control group continued with their usual routines. Main Outcomes and Measures: Cardiometabolic outcomes included body composition (fat mass, fat-free mass, and visceral adipose tissue), physical fitness (cardiorespiratory, speed-agility, and muscular), and traditional risk factors (waist circumference, blood lipids biomarkers, glucose, insulin, and blood pressure). Cardiometabolic risk score (z-score) was calculated based on age and sex reference values for triglycerides, inverted high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, the average of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and waist circumference. An additional cardiometabolic risk score also included cardiorespiratory fitness. Mental health outcomes included an array of psychological well-being and ill-being indicators. Results: The ActiveBrains exercise program reduced the cardiometabolic risk score by ~0.4 (95% confidence interval [CI95%]: -0.75, -0.03) standard deviations (SD). The exercise program had a positive effect on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-7.40 [CI95%: -14.82, 0.016] mg/dL), body mass index (-0.60 [CI95%: -1.07, -0.13] kg/m2), fat mass index (-0.70 [CI95%: -1.03 to -0.36] kg/m2), visceral adipose tissue (-34.05 [CI95%: -61.38, -6.73] g), and cardiorespiratory fitness (+3.07 [CI95%: 0.68, 5.45] laps) in the exercise group compared to controls. No effects were observed on mental health outcomes. Conclusions and Relevance: The ActiveBrains exercise program improved cardiometabolic health in children with overweight or obesity, yet it had no effect on mental health. These findings support public health initiatives promoting exercise programs in children with excess body weight to prevent future cardiovascular comorbidities.


This paper gives an introduction into how to apply techniques from the analysis of cosmic microwave background polarisation fields to a gravitational wave background.


Regioselective hydrogenation1),2) and chemoselective hydrogenation3)~5) are both important for the synthesis of intermediates for pharmaceuticals. Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst systems have been widely studied1)~5). The heterogeneous system is preferable for the e-factor. Recently, bimetal catalysts were reported to achieve chemoselective hydrogenation3),6). In addition, the support significantly influences the catalytic performance of metal catalysts. Various studies using zeolites and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as supports have been reported. Regioselective hydrogenation of dienes was studied such as 1,5-undecadiene using Pt/Zeolite-4A7). Pt/Na-β was used for regioselective hydrogenation of alkenes such as 1-decene and 5-decene8). Chemoand regio-selective hydrogenation of various olefins was reported using Pd-MCM-489). Chemoselective cinnamaldehyde hydrogenation was investigated using Pt nanoclusters confined within MOF, UiO-66-NH2 and using Pt nanoparticles sandwiched between an inner core and outer shell of a MOF, MIL10111). Ag nanoparticles confined in MOF, Ag@ HLUST-1, were prepared to study selective hydrogenation of olefins with one double bond12). An influence of a small amount of Ag on the surface of HKUST-1 on chemoselectivity is mentioned. Therefore, metal particles in a confined space exhibit chemoand regioselective hydrogenation. However, regioselective hydrogenation with a noble metal in the micropores of MOF has not been well studied. Here, we report the regioselective hydrogenation of diene, trans-1-phenyl-1,3-butadiene, with Pd/MOF (Scheme 1). The effects of the core-shell structure and t-butoxycarbonyl (t-Boc) modification of MOF were studied in detail. [Regular Paper]


The unemployment path in the United States in the last forty years can be significantly explained by the evolution of excessive real wages. An estimation of the evolution of market-clearing wages is presented and its difference with observed average wages - the wage gap - is shown to track significantly the path of the unemployment rate. Aside from emphasizing unemployment as an involuntary phenomenon, the neoclassical nature of the labor demand function used casts doubts with respect to effectiveness of aggregate demand policies, contrasting with some natural rate theories whose labor demand side provides room for extensive demand shocks. In this context, a fall in real wages appears as the key mechanism to generate a rise in aggregate employment.


I n reply to my recent criticism of his work, Robert Gentry has composed a long and energetic reply. Unfortunately he maintains the key erroneous claims that Big Bang cosmology violates energy conservation and that it relies on a confused notion of cosmic expansion. He also raises some additional matters, a few of which I will address. In particular, the issue of cosmology and young earth views will be discussed briefly.


AbstractBlood flow and glucose metabolism are the principal indicators used in studies of diffuse or local brain activity in anxiety and anxiety disorders. Respiratory alkalosis due to hyperventillation causes powerful diffuse cerebral vasoconstriction. This complicates the study of blood flow in anxiety. It is not clear whether it also complicates the study of glucose metabolism. Most evidence suggests that anxiety, arousal, or stress leads to diffuse increases in brain activity, provided that the effect of hyperventillation is controlled, although a few reports have suggested a decrease, especially at high arousal levels, even without hyperventillation. Localized increases have been reported in the temporal lobes, occipital cortex, in the vicinity of the insula or lateral putamen, in or near the superior colliculus, in or near the left anterior cerebellar vermis, in the right cerebral hemisphere, and in the right para-hippocampal region. None of the localized fine lings has been strictly replicated. Man...


Abstract Objective Ethical concerns frequently arise in suicide prevention research regarding participant safety and confidentiality. Despite a substantial literature on managing and navigating ethical concerns in suicide research, little attention has been paid to the reporting of ethical procedures. Furthermore, standard procedures for reporting ethical risk management procedures have not been developed. Method A review of the current literature was performed to examine the current state of reporting of ethical procedures within suicide research. Articles published in 2020 (N = 263) from three suicide-focused publications were screened and then coded (n = 131) to identify reporting of procedures for the ethical conduct of research and suicide risk management steps taken by the research teams. Results The majority of articles reported ethical review or approval (84.7%) and reported the use of an informed consent process (77.9%). Only 28.2% included risk mitigation procedures. Of those 29.7% of those articles reported conducting risk evaluation, 66.7% reported resource dissemination, and 51.4% reported an intervention. Conclusion As empirical support for brief interventions accrues, suicide prevention researchers should consider establishing standards for the reporting of procedures to ensure the safety of participants with suicidal risk. Highlights Reporting suicide safety protocols helps ensure high ethical standards in research. Fewer than 1/3 of articles reviewed reported risk mitigation procedures in 2020. Standard procedures for reporting safety protocols in suicide research are needed.


Based on a thorough analysis of the components of customer values of telecom enterprises,this paper selects certain customer information in CRM system that can reflect customer values and transforms it into customer characteristics.Considering the specialties of telecom industry and the current situation of its development,it takes reasonable customer characteristics as specific indicators to build a 3-D customer value evaluation system of current value,potential value and trusted value.By means of Delphi Method and Analytic Hierarchical Model,it further determines the weight of each evaluation index to calculate customer values,so that a more reasonable,effective and feasible evaluation system for telecom customer value has been developed.


These researches discussed promotions and effectiveness in the area of star marketing production, copying, advertising, and expenditure on clothes. The thesis is refreshing in the way it deals with analysis of strategical changes in the fashion of entertainers asia cultural industry developed. I specially focused on comparing and analyzing the changes in style of Hip Hop fashion from the period of inferior culture to the period in which their fashion is highly respected. Also, I'd like to study the influence of the fashion to Korean Hip Hop artists. The Hip Hop musicians developed their styles from underdog images of Hip Hop to glamourous and luxurious styles along with modeling in various magazines appealing sexually. In Korea, Seven and Hyori Lee are showing new and changed styles that are different from the past to their fans. The Hip Hop style now is showing with unimaginably luxurious styles as opposed to its original image. With their pursuance of ostentatious and luxurious styles Hip Hop was reborn as new Glam style. Old Hip Hop styles such as ripped jeans, safety pins, graffiti, and loose and exaggerated silhouette give inspirations to many worldly known designers and their collection. Hip Hop that used to be a branch of a low culture was able to grow to the culture of luxuries via the development the media and improvement of lives and the level of consciousness of the middleclass. Music stars with luxurious Hip Hop fashion influenced coming of a new musical genre and Korean musicians largely. I hope this research can help developing the unique low-culture and creating new trend in the field of entertainers' fashion.


Leguminous plants are the rich source of dietary proteins that account for 27% of the world primary crop production. Their high vulnerability to the pathogens resulted in the annual loss of ~2.0 2.1 million tonnes of crops. Among the various pests, pea aphids represent the highly specialized and most devastating pathogens of the leguminous plants. During the evolution, they evolved themselves in such a manner that showed reduced performance when grown in the alternative host plant. In order to understand their host preference, genome level scan is required. Therefore, in this study, we used the genome-wide SNP scan of five pea aphid biotypes of >70 GB raw sequencing reads. We used the pea aphid genome as a reference having size of ~450 MB. Using quality filtering, BWA alignment, and GATK tool, we identified more than 1.5 million bi-allelic and around 1500 multiallelic nuclear SNPs with a Ts/Tv ratio of 1.42. A high rate of mutation was observed in T. pratense biotype as compared to the M. Sativa. Their functional classification revealed approximately 26K 30K missense and ~400 nonsense variation in their nuclear genome. Furthermore, the genome-wide scan revealed that an average of 5.42% of the identified SNPs located in the exon regions while a major portion ~80% were present in the intron region of the genome. This is the first report of genome-wide SNPs analysis on different pea aphid biotypes which in future could be used for host-pathogen interaction, and diversity analysis. Our future goal is the analysis of more biotypes and development of a unique resource of SNP's present biologically important class of genes playing role in immunity, olfactory response, etc. Citation: Singla, D. Whole genome analysis (WGA) of five pea aphids biotypes for the identification and classification of SNPs [Abstract]. In: Abstracts of the NGBT conference; Oct 02-04, 2017; Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India: Can J Biotech, Volume 1, Special Issue (Supplement), Page 214. https://doi.org/10.24870/cjb.2017-a199


During our road through life, the economy accompanies us, showing us that it cannot be controlled, only understood and, in a way, predictable. This could be applicable for cyclical crisis. But how could we say the same about non-cyclical crises? Did the history show us patterns? Did the history give us predictive instruments? Could we say that we could act predictively, not just correctively upon this kind of crisis, as economists and economic agents who use economics as a component of our life? The actual crisis, the non-cyclical crisis caused by the COVID-19 uncontrollable spreading, showed us, once again, that its kind of crisis cannot be predicted. A non-cyclical crisis, such as the COVID-19 crisis, involves fast and precise corrective instruments, but, paradoxically, also gentle and diffuse corrective instruments. The analysis of the best mix of policies and actions, in the current context, has the potency to exploit the socio-economic mechanism in its true beauty. On the other hand, predictive instruments cannot be put in place in such a context. Taking into consideration two important hypotheses, this study will seek to identify, propose and debate possible directions for restarting the economy, with a special focus on actions related to human capital. The target of the study will further bring in discussion the potency of socio-economic actions, in the entire new world mindset, considering especially the actions related to Human Capital. The study will consider the Romanian context, but not separated from international / global/European effects.


THE artificial induction of mutation is receiving much emphasis in present-day genetics. Induced genetic changes in many types of cells and tissues have been brought about by various treatments. The most commonly used mutagenic agents are chemical compounds, nonionizing radiations, and ionizing radiations. Ultraviolet light, a nonionizing radiation, appears to have certain advantages as a mutagen because the induced genetic changes with it are accompanied by fewer radical derangements in the genetic material. Application of this radiation has been


The theory of the electron synchrotron has been amply covered elsewhere, but the proton synchrotron exhibits a number of distinct but important differences particularly at low energies. In the present paper the theory for this latter accelerator is developed with particular reference to the problems of injection and stability in the initial acceleration period. This theory is used to set up criteria relating the dimensions of a proton synchrotron to the conditions for stability and to the beam intensities obtainable.


Psycho perception of music is a psychological process which consists of four stages:audio attention-audio memory-audio reflection-audio prediction. Audio attention paves way for a better understanding of the music,on which the development of audio memory is based. An audio analysis of the music itself will result in an audio reflection. The development of Audio predictive ability will lay a fundation for a cultivation of psycho perception of music.


Background: There is emerging evidence to support the link between polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and periodontal disease, but the mechanisms associated with these two diseases have not been clearly elucidated but relate to different aspects of inflammation. This study aimed to determine the gingival inflammation indexes and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome compared to control group.Methods: This is a case-control study in which 87 women referred to the Babol Clinic Private Hospital were divided into three groups: 26 women with PCOS diagnosed on the basis of Rotterdam criteria with gingivitis, 26 women with PCOS without gingivitis and 26 healthy women who were matched for age and body mass index. After recording the underlying variables, fasting saliva samples were taken from all participants in the morning before any periodontal intervention. The samples, which were transferred to Babol Molecular Cell Research Center under cold-chain conditions to measure the serum levels of MMP-9 using ELISA kits. Periodontal status was evaluated for Gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI). Analysis of variance was used to compare the results for the normal quantitative variables and Chi-square test was used to compare the qualitative variables. Significance level was considered less than 0.05.Results: The highest mean periodontal disease indexes (GI, BOP, PI) were observed in women with PCOS with gingivitis and then in women with PCOS without gingivitis and then in healthy women in control group (p <0.05). The mean salivary MMP-9 levels were significantly higher in PCOS women (388/37 ± 75.05) compared to the control group (166/25 ± 35/43). Even in PCOS patients with healthy gingiva (233.00± 47.76) had higher levels of salivary MMP-9 than the control group and this difference was significant (p <0.05)Conclusions: There is a positive association between periodontal disease and PCOS and that salivary MMP-9 levels are higher in PCOS women with and without gingivitis than healthy women. However, it is recommended that multicenter study with larger sample sizes are to be conducted to establish a clearer association.


In this paper, a weighted item collecting problem in directed bipartite structure containing a set of items with profits and a set of players with costs is discussed. The problem is viewed as a generalization of an integrated circuit design problem considered by Tang (2005), that is, collecting an item in the problem may correspond to avoiding an undesirable via in the integrated circuit design. In this paper, an objective function not only with the total profit of collected items, but also with a penalty term of the costs paid by the players is treated. A greedy heuristic algorithm is proposed, and numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the performance.


Linear resolvent analysis has demonstrated encouraging results for modeling coherent structures in jets when compared against their data-deduced counterparts from highfidelity large-eddy simulations (LES). However, leveraging resolvent modes for reconstructing statistics of the far acoustic field remains elusive. In this study, we use a LES database to produce an ensemble of realizations for the acoustic field that we project on to a limited set of n resolvent modes. The projections are done on a restricted acoustic output domain, r/D = [5, 6], and allow for the LES realizations to be recast in the resolvent basis via a datadeduced, low-rank, n× n cross-spectral density matrix. We find substantial improvements to the acoustic field reconstructions with the addition of a RANS-derived eddy-viscosity model to the resolvent operator. The reconstructions quantitatively match the most energetic regions of the acoustic field across Strouhal numbers, St = [0 − 1], and azimuthal wavenumbers, m = [0, 2], using only three resolvent modes. Finally, the characteristics of the resulting n × n covariance matrices are examined and suggest off-diagonal terms may be neglected for n ≤ 3. Results are presented for round, isothermal, Mach 1.5 and 0.9 jets.


Abstract Conclusion: The key technical challenges in the resection of OFs are rapid removal of tumors by image-guided navigation, determining the boundary of the resection and the proper control of blood supply through the anterior or posterior ethmoidal arteries. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the clinical data of adult patients with paranasal ossifying fibromas involving the anterior skull base and orbit. The surgical technique and indications are also discussed. Methods: This study reviewed the clinical data of 15 patients (age >16 years) who underwent resection of paranasal ossifying fibromas involving the anterior skull base and orbit by endoscopic surgery with an image guidance system between October 2006 and October 2014. Results: The mean age of the 15 patients was 33.2 years (range = 16–58 years). All tumors were completely resected via endoscopic surgery. Intra-operative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks (four cases) were repaired endoscopically. The mean follow-up duration was 43.1 months. One patient lost vision after surgery, recurrence was observed in two patients, one underwent a third excision 8 years after the second surgery, and the other exhibited residual osteoarthritis 3 years after the first surgery and remained under regular observation. One patient was lost to follow-up.


The invention discloses a radio-frequency mobile communication card and a communication method. Before sending and receiving corresponding radio-frequency data to achieve radio-frequency communication, a radio-frequency unit detects whether resources of a processing unit are occupied first, and then the radio-frequency unit judges whether to send and receive the radio-frequency data according to detection results; and before processing communication data received by a mobile communication unit, the mobile communication unit detects whether the radio-frequency unit is in a working state, and then the mobile communication unit judges whether to process the received communication data according to detection results. The radio-frequency unit of the radio-frequency mobile communication card detects whether the processing unit is in the working state first before achieving the radio-frequency communication, the mobile communication unit detects whether the radio-frequency unit is in the working state first before processing the communication data received by the mobile communication unit to achieve the mobile communication, and therefore the situation that the radio-frequency unit and the processing unit are in the working state at the same time can be avoided, maximum power consumption of the radio-frequency mobile communication card in the process of working can be reduced, and the problem of overlarge power consumption of the radio-frequency mobile communication card in the process of working is solved.


This work presents an image watermarking method with blind detection based on amplitude modulation. Basically, the watermark embedding is performed by modifying the pixel values in the blue channel of an image, while the watermark retrieval is achieved by using a prediction technique based on a linear combination of nearby pixel values around the embedded pixels. The experimental results obtained in this work clearly show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method and present a few improvements over the published methods of watermarking based on amplitude modulation.


Silicon photomultipliers are silicon devices that in recent times have been proposed as candidates for the replacement of photomultiplier tubes in many experimental situations. In this article we describe the performance of SiPMs as a readout system of a shashlik calorimeter composed of 41 8×8 cm2, 3.27-mm-thick tiles of scintillator and 40 8×8 cm2, 3.27-mm-thick tiles of lead, for a total of ~24 radiation lengths; the light is collected by 64 0.8-mm wave-length-shifter (WLS) fibers grouped in bundles of four for, a total of 16 channels. The SiPMs are manufactured by FBK-irst and have a sensitive area of 1 mm2. The calorimeter has been tested at CERN using both a low (PS T10 beamline) and high (SPS H4 beamline) energy beam during the summer 2009 data taking.


The atomic arrangement in crystals can be seen directly by means of high resolution electron microscopy. An outline of the theoretical analysis for imaging conditions was given. Three kinds of high resolution images were explained with examples: structural image representing the projection of crystal structures and defects; ultra-high resolution images showing structural details beyond the point-to-point resolution under special conditions; "superstructure" image exhibiting the ordered atom columns in binary alloys.


Erosion directly affects soil characteristics and has a significant effect on the formation and stability of the soil microbial community. Soil microbial biomass not only plays a significant role in energy flow and nutrient cycling, but it also shows great sensitivity to changes in soil environment. Soil enzyme activities are indicative of the functional diversity of the soil microbial community, as they are closely associated with soil microbial biomass. To reveal the effect of different erosion environments on soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities, soil samples were collected from the Chengjiawa watershed, located in the Yanhe watershed of the hill and gully region of Ansai County, Yan忆an, Shaanxi Province, China. Soil samples were collected from five erosion environments in the valley, at depths of 0—10 cm and 10—20 cm. We studied the characteristics of soil microbial biomass including carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, soil enzyme activities including soil urease, invertase, and alkaline phosphatase, and correlations between soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities. The results showed that: (1) Soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus were significantly different between the 0—10 cm and 10—20 cm soil layers; soil microbial biomass carbon and phosphorus in the shaded lower slopes were higher


Advanced sensing requires a careful examination of fluctuating fields caused by light-matter interaction. We review basic concepts related to non-universal properties of coherence and polarization and their relation to the microscopic structure of heterogeneous media.


Based on the sample of serial M&A of Chinese listed companies from 2010–2019, this paper intends to investigate the impact of serial M&A on innovation performance and the impact of financing constraints and digital inclusive finance (DIF). The empirical results show that an inverted U-shaped relationship exists between serial M&A and innovation performance that first goes up and then goes down. The results of mechanism analysis show that financing constraints play a mediating role in the inverted U-shaped relationship between serial M&A and innovation performance, while DIF plays a moderating role in the mediating effect of serial M&A on innovation performance through the financing constraint. The heterogeneity analysis finds that the inverted U-shaped relationship between serial M&A and innovation performance is more significant in firms with non-state ownership property, a higher business environment index, and medium and large-scale firm size. The research results not only help to promote the in-depth analysis of the impact of serial M&A on innovation performance, but also help to provide targeted theoretical reference and practical guidance for corporate management decision making.


Tutors at NHL Stenden University in Leeuwarden, the Netherlands were challenged to enhance student participation in reflecting on professional skills development e.g collaborating. Using the living labs method, researchers set up research together with tutors and students. The living labs process consists of iterative design and evaluation cycles, involves endusers in all phases, and has evaluations carried out in real-life settings. In four iterations, we found that digital tools for collecting, merging and distributing data enhances student participation. Google Workspace for Education and Autocrat was used in this paper, a similar tool is Microsoft Office and Power Automate. Privacy of student data turned out to be one of the critical key elements and needs further discussion.


According to a first aspect of the present invention, a method of constructing an end-to-end routing path across multiple packet switched domain is provided. This method, all domains may take, border elements of these domains, and inter - generating a domain topology identifying the domain links. From the source entity of the first domain to the destination entity of the second domain, when a request for the calculation of the path is received, no possibility to characterize or can not be characterized by a route that is requested, and all domains inter - domain links are removed from the domain topology. Next, the remaining candidate intra for each domain - is domain routing group calculation, the candidate intra - each domain routing group, and one end is a boundary element, the other end of the boundary element or originating entity or the destination entity is mapped to a logical link is defined by two. With attributes for each logical link, the remaining inter - domain links attributes are determined. The attributes and their associated logical link, the remaining inter - by combining the domain links and their associated attributes, a virtual network topology is generated. This can be done by analyzing the virtual network topology makes it possible to determine the optimal end-to-end route. .BACKGROUND


This paper discusses the future of tourism in Hokkaido and suggests new tourism policies. It first looks at Okinawa, which is often compared to Hokkaido, and then the concept of a 'person' as a tourism resource is approached. As well, new tourism policies being implemented in Hokkaido are discussed, along with some concrete examples.


Rainfeed agriculture is often exposed to the risks of flood and drought,especially,the economical loss caused by drought takes up more than 50 percent.This article takes American corn for grain as an example,introduces some advanced measures in drought risks management,such as government management for risk define and using financial methods to revert economic loss.Finally,the paper puts forward some suggestions for northeast China which is troubled by the same problems.It is significant for us to learn from them.


This article tries to study the social origin of the public offices during the "Trienio Constitucional" in Spain (1820-1823). The data that support this text have been obtained from a census of 880 people, including deputies, ministers, counsellor of State, province political chiefs, secretaries of political chiefs, members of the province councils, mayors and council secretaries. Submission date:12/12/2001 Acceptance date:17/02/2002


An experiment was carried out to investigate the cost benefits analysis of raising different categories of pigs (intact male, female, Hog (castrated male) fed with typical commercial diets. A total of Ninety growing pigs comprising of 30 Hog, intact male and female respectively were offered the treatment diets for five weeks. The treatment diet was consisted of cassava kernel cake, soya bean meal, brewers dried grain, bone meal, premix and salt. Parameters were collected on average weekly weight gain, Average body weight, average weekly intake, cost of feed consumed, cost of feed per kg gain, production cost per pig, income per pig and profit per pig. There was a significant (P < 0.05) increase in average weekly weight gain and average feed intake as the week increases among the experimental animals. While average body weight was however not significant (P > 0.05) among the treatment units. The cost analysis of the feed showed that Hog had the highest weight gain, and was the cheapest of all the diet utilized by the pigs to gain a kg body weight and had the highest income/pigs and profit/


Liaohe River reserve in Liaoning province was designated in 2010,and it is taken as a pioneer in the field of river management and protection across the country.The function of Liao River will now transform from its basic function as a water resource to a comprehensive functioning system inclusive of primary function,supply,regulation,culture and support.


Subjective and physiological responses were obtained from six subjects wearing a face mask while exercising (220 W m −2) for 15 min on a bicycle ergometer. Different combinations of ambient air temperatures (7, 16 and 25°C) and mask air temperatures (22,27 and 33°C) were studied with two different air humidities inside the mask (61 and 86% relative humidity (RH)). Control experiments were performed without the mask at the same ambient temperatures. Skin temperatures, heart rates and skin wettedness were monitored during exercise. The subjects' thermal sensations, sensations of sweating and skin wettedness and their thermal preferences were assessed at the end of the exercise period. Whole body thermal sensation was primarily determined by the ambient air temperature, but was also significantly influenced by the mask air temperature. This could only partly be explained by the change in respiratory heat loss. Other possible avenues of influence are discussed.


Opera Company's production of Benjamin Britten's Albert Herring, to be presented at the conference on April 11 The planners of the 1980 MENC National In-Service Conference April 9-12 at Miami Beach, Florida, have put together a program of workshops, discussions, and performances that aims to provide experiences relevant to every music educator, covering the various special interests of teachers from preschool to the university level. Conference participants are likely to find it difficult to choose between the variety and quantity of sessions. Many of the concerts, clinics, and workshops at the conference have been developed with the assistance of associated and cooperating music organizations, including the American Choral Directors Association, the American Recorder Society, the American String Teachers Association, the National Black Music Caucus, Chamber Music America, the College Band Directors National Association, the Music Industry Council, the National Association of College Wind and Percussion Instructors, the National Association of Jazz Educators, the National Band Association, the National School Orchestra Association, the Society for the Preservation and Encouragement of Barbershop Quartet Singing in America, and Sweet Adelines, Inc. The following preview of the conference program focuses on the sessions cosponsored by these various groups.


Version dated 19/08/2002 We present the first empirical evidence in support of Rosen's (1982) 'cloning' hypothesis, explaining the firm size-executive pay effect in terms of a predicted greater superiority in managerial talent the larger is the firm. We show that executives from better performing firms are more likely to join larger firms. Moreover, a misspecification arises if actual firm size is used in pay-performance sensitivity estimation. Correcting for specification bias results in a significantly smaller size effect on pay. Remarkably, the prior performance of the firm that previously employed the executive is a more significant determinant of the executive's pay with the current employer than is current firm performance.


Does the media through its news convey us their categorisation, have particular lexical choices, give less space or voice to the actors regarding the news that mentioned street vendors in Turkey? The research question of this study is that whether or not the print media covers street vendors in their news? What is the tone of these news articles? In which pages do they cover? What are the news themes related with street vendors and who are the main actors in this news? This chapter presents a systematic study of 100 news articles which were published between 2016 and 2018 in Turkey's mainstream, popular newspaper Hurriyet. The 100 news which included the word 'street vendor' in the texts were selected from the Hurriyet's database and categorised and the content of the news articles were analysed. Findings of the of 100 news articles which mentioned 'street vendor' were researched and analysed totally. The analysis already reveals that the word choice of the news articles regarding street vendors are often conflict stories between the vendors and municipality police forces namely 'Zabita' in Turkey. In sum, there were 19 news articles that referred street vendors with positive tone and wording, but 68 news articles still depicted street vendors in negative framing and use negative attribution in the text of the news. Totally 16 news articles included by-line and the rest of the 84 news articles did not include the journalist's name and were covered as anonym. Out of the 100 news articles only a handful focussed on the advocacy and rights of street vendors.


The subject innovation relates to an antimicrobial device for a clean room and out. The According clean room, laboratory of the pass box for the entry of such people out air shower equipment, Mechanical Access Pass room, Organization for to block the contamination infections in the management of animal rooms feature an antimicrobial system for cleanrooms of the intended entry all are configured to enable. Clean room and out antibacterial device for use in the present design is provided with an outer door (27) outside the clean room in the outer zone is provided with an inner door (28) inside the clean room for clean room air at the upper side by the outer chamber structure of the cube that the rest surface is sealed the pre-filter 20, a high-performance filter 21 class appointed dampeo 22. the class engine 24 grade cold photocatalytic plasma generator appointed grade sterile air that has passed through the appointed fan 11 through a provided with a through via ( 6) the passage to through an exhaust cold photocatalytic plasma generator (3) to one lower side supply and the chamber into the chamber and into the exhaust pipe through the exhaust filter 4 7 times gidam is evacuated through the buffer 9, the exhaust is composed is provided so as to be capable of moving the air to be exhausted with a circular dampeo 23 for re-use the air back to the oil supply pipe (24). Cold photocatalytic plasma generators (3) (6) provided to the present invention is a photocatalyst (Ti02) containing by integration of that write Optoelectronics (Photo Electron) hydroxyl group (Hydroxyl Radical) anionic material to the UV lamp the quartz glass tube of UVA (hereinafter 400NM) (Negative ion) and to the oxygen-based optical plasma ions such as caused by maintaining the low-temperature plasma state by destruction of the oxygen (O₂) with water (H₂O) molecules in the air and continuously generating purifying agent (purifying agent) peroxide, ozone (O₃) than 1.5 or more and has a strong oxidation power and the sterilization rate 180 times faster than the ultraviolet lamp (253.7NM), of the ions generated ozone (O₃) amount detected by the sensor, and in accordance with the outer chamber (1) capacity provided with a plurality of low temperature plasma generator a photocatalyst is detached automatically controlling each of the generator to the oN, OFF based on the intended use. According to the present invention if the access equipment, machinery such as a clean room, the amount of ozone within the chamber using the following ozone (O₃), control panel (26) into the equipment, machinery, be taken to open the outer door (27) into the chamber 0.15 - operation of a switch set into the inside 0.2PPM the active oxygen ions is generated in this case gidam class buffer 22 and the fold gidam buffer 9 according to the operation amount of the low temperature grade photocatalytic plasma generator (6) appointed closed and is thereby circulated by opening only a circulating dampeo 23 shorten the disinfection time is that the pressure in the chamber rises above the outer area is further increased sterilizing power. Thus, niche, such as equipment, machinery, and sterilize every corner. After the disinfection closed circular dampeo 23 is tert gidam flops 22 and fold gidam buffer (9) is opened and the air supply fan 11 is operated and the air supply the clean room air into the chamber to evacuate the air in the chamber using a duct line and then open the inner door (28) that is discharged to the outside to be brought into the cleanroom out equipment for the sterilization will be more than do the reverse, depending on the case imported. Further, in the disinfection of various organizations or plastic sayuktong 14, and a bucket 15 with a wheel 13 is attached for moving the pallet (12) is used as equipment sterilization process. After the person, when out of the animal is the amount of the photocatalyst-level appointed plasma generator (6) provided on one side of the oil supply pipe (24) by adjusting the ozone control panel adjusts 0.03 ~ 0.05PPM harmless to the human body outer door open and 27 is entered into the chamber to open the outer door 27 to close and to activate the air supply fan 11 by an air shower to the exposure plate and air, clean room side of the inner door 28 enters the clean room. Some interlocks are provided to help (Inter Lock) to to be out at the same time easily from the inside during the emergency provided the emergency door opening device inside and prevent both doors open equipped door inner door (28) and the outer door (27) to be composed is provided to allow for internal illumination and indirect observation by the viewing windows (16, 17). Thus, the disinfection, such as the subject innovation, according to the antimicrobial system for clean room and out path room, pass box, air shower, sterilization function is capable of all in one place of installation space efficiency and economical effect is large as well as the plastics tube, and a bucket There is no need to use the steam sterilizer and a long service life is provided by the effect of comfort and practicality as well as significant economic effect. Cleanrooms, laboratories, experimental animal rooms, pass box, pass room, air shower, disinfection


The phenomena of packing and wear of the ballast, under dynamic stresses lead to high frequencies and high maintenance costs. Several studies have shown that these settlements were linked to the high accelerations produced in the ballast by the passage of high-speed trains (HST). A layer of asphalt concrete (GB) was made under the ballast layer on the high-speed lane Bretagne-Pays de Loire (BPL HSL). It is intended, among other things, to reduce the amplitude of the accelerations produced at the passage of the HST. The BPL HSL includes 105 km with a sub-layer of asphalt concrete under ballast, and 77 km with a granular sublayer (UGM). In this article, we present the different sensors of the instrumentation as well as the acquisition system installed to collect all the measurements and the webserver developed to monitor the sensors. We will also reveal the outputs recorded by the sensors, slow and fast measurements.