Dipicolinic acid (DPA) is believed to exist in bacterial spores mainly as the calcium chelate (Martin and Foster, J. Bacteriol. 76:167, 1958; Rode and Foster, J. Bacteriol. 81:768, 1961). A suggestion has been made that it may complex with amino acids (Young, Can. J. Microbiol. 5:197, 1959). The only known naturally occurring covalent compound of DPA is ethyl dipicolinate monoester, isolated from spores of Bacillus cereus var. mycoides (Perry and Foster, J. Bacteriol. 72:295, 1956). The methyl monoester has now been isolated from a different species. The bulk of the free DPA was released by boiling the cleaned spores (obtained from Fort Detrick, Frederick, Md., through the courtesy of Riley Housewright) in water (Rode and Foster, J. Bacteriol. 79:650, 1960). The washed cellular residue was hydrolyzed in 6 N H2SO4 for 6 hr at 121 C. The hydrolysate was extracted with KOH-washed diethyl ether in a liquid-liquid extractor. After evaporation of the ether, the crude, crystalline residue was dissolved in 2 ml of 0.05 N H2SO4. This material was fractionated by partition column chromatography with Varner's silicic acid method (In Colowick and Kaplan [ed.], Methods in enzymology, vol. 3, p. 397, Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1957). The eluting solvent was chloroform containing successively increasing percentages of n-butanol. Acids in the 5-ml eluted fractions were detected by titration with 0.01 N NaOH. The major acid fraction came off the column with 100% chloroform in tubes 14 through 30. Paper chromatography established that a single acid was present. DPA was eluted subsequently as a second peak in chloroform-3% n-butanol. The first acid was brought to dryness, dissolved in hot benzene, decolorized with charcoal, and recrystallized from benzene to a constant melting point (151 to 152 C). Pure, synthetic monomethyl DPA prepared from diazomethane and DPA melted at 151 C; mixed melting point, 151 to 152 C. Elementary analysis gave the empirical formula CgHA04N, indicating one carbon and two hydrogen atoms more than DPA. The bacterial product was heated in 3 N NaOH, and DPA was presumptively identified as a saponification product by RF values on paper chromatograms in three solvent systems. The ultraviolet-absorption spectra of the bacterial and synthetic monomethyl esters and their calcium chelates were virtually identical. The infrared-absorption spectra of the two provided conclusive identity (Hodson, Ph.D. Dissertation, p. 25, Univ. of Texas, Austin, 1962). The small fraction of the total spore DPA in ester form indicates that this compound may be merely a metabolic accident; but, it does suggest some ester synthetase activity, and a vital role cannot be ruled out at this time. Whether the "synthetase" is a specific or nonspecific enzyme remains to be seen, although existence of two different esters in the different species points to a nonspecificity. The ester apparently was bound to some cellular structure, since sulfuric acid hydrolysis was required for its liberation. Evidence that one-carbon metabolism occurs to some extent in the synthesis of these spores is further supported by the demonstration of formic acid in the ether extract of the acid-hydrolyzed spores. The formic acid was isolated by steam distillation, and was identified by RF values of the ammonium salt, by Duclaux distillation constants, and by its reduction of HgCI2 to calomel. The relation between the formic acid and the methyl group of the DPA ester is a moot point.


In this article, we extend psychosocial research methodology by integrating a breaching experiment, influenced by ethnomethodological sociology, with aspects of mindfulness practice, influenced by Buddhist traditions. We offer an empirical investigation of what happens when researcher-participants subtly "swim against the stream" of normative public social conduct in a capital city setting. Our qualitative analysis explores a single case from a corpus of 172 first-person retrospective accounts of standing still and doing nothing in a busy, public place. We investigate the qualitative aspects of how one researcher-participant arguably adopted a mindful, beginner's mind orientation toward the flow of psychosocial consciousness. We empirically investigate this psychosocial orientation of mindfulness by integrating Wetherell's concept of affective-discursive practice with James' stream of consciousness. Mindfulness offers a specific, embodied reorientation toward psychosocial flows. We discuss the methodological implications and limitations of this reorientation for psychosocial research.


Ink-jet printing is a precise quantitative deposition technology;it can deposit a variety of materials on printing materials to film and have a wide range of applications in the manufacturing industry.By analyzing the radius of the initial drop,the radius of drop spreading,and combination the ink-jet precision,and other parameters,the formula for calculation of width and thickness of the film were derived,and the influencing factors were analyzed.


Moving towards single-sided, low-field MRI systems can increase the portability and access to this invaluable clinical tool. However, the B0-fields generated by these systems are highly inhomogeneous, and severe artifacts arise when the RF pulse does not cover the full bandwidth of spin resonances. In this study, we have developed a simulation algorithm that will allow us to better simulate the phase variations induced by B1 and B0 inhomogeneities and help us design RF schemes to remove unwanted phase to produce higher quality images.


A SYSTEM AND A METHOD FOR FORMING A FUEL SUPPLIER (14) ABLE TO IDENTIFY CUSTOMERS THROUGH RADIO FREQUENCY SIGNALS. WITH THE SYSTEM AND METHOD, IT IS DETERMINED IF A TRANSPONDER (23, 25) THAT CONTAINS CUSTOMER IDENTIFICATION DATA IS FOUND WITHIN THE LIMITS OF A SUPPLIER (14) THAT MUST BE ACTIVATED BY THE CUSTOMER TO START A TRANSACTION AND UNDERSTAND A ASSOCIATED READER (20) TO EMIT RADIO FREQUENCY SIGNS AND RECEIVE THE TRANSFER CUSTOMER IDENTIFICATION DATA (23, 25) THAT RESPOND TO THE RADIO FREQUENCY SIGNS ISSUED. WHEN THE TRANSPONDER (23, 25) IS INSIDE THE SURTIDER'S LIMITS, THE CUSTOMER RECEIVES A SIGNAL THAT INDICATES THAT IT IS WITHIN THE LIMITS. AFTER THE ACTIVATION OF THE SURTIDER (14) WHICH HAS PLACED AFTER HAVE BEEN DETERMINED THAT THE TRANSPONDER (23, 25) IS FOUND WITHIN THE LIMITS, THE CUSTOMER IDENTIFICATION DATA RECEIVED BY THE READER (20) IS ASSOCIATED WITH A TRANSACTION ACTIVATED. THEN THE TRANSACTION IS ALLOWED IN THE ACTIVATED SURTIDER (14) AND THE CUSTOMER IS CHARGED ACCORDING TO CUSTOMER IDENTIFICATION DATA.


The present study investigated the interrelationship between specific user characteristics and hierarchical menu structures. Four menu structures were used, which varied in breadth from 2 to 64 and depth from one to six (26, 43, 82, 641) Previous research, investigating both speed and accuracy across different menu structures, has shown that deep menus tend to have slow search times and the greatest number of errors (Miller, 1981; Snowberry, Parkinson, & Sisson, 1983). However, the research to date has failed to investigate, in any detailed way, the relationship between specific user characteristics and performance across different menu structures. In the present study, the relationship between digit span, visual scanning, state anxiety and performance across the four menu structures was investigated. The findings supported previous research, in that fewer errors were made and search times were fastest for the broadest menus. In addition, it was found that individuals with low short-term memory capacity and those with high-state anxiety required more practice to reduce errors on deep menu structures. It is suggested that adequate consideration of user characteristics in the design of menu displays, through the implementation of help functions or on-line learning, may greatly improve user performance on menu driven tasks.


In this work, we willproving the existence of three solutionsf or the discrete nonlinear fourth order boundary value problems with four parameters. The methods used here are based on the critical point theory.


The successful mapping of soil moisture under vegetation canopies from active microwave data would be an advantage to agriculture, global climate change studies, water resource management and other areas. The dynamic range of soil moisture is generally affected by the variation in soil surface characteristics such as: soil texture, land cover, and vegetation parameters. Soil texture affects the microwave sensing of soil moisture through changes in the soil dielectric constant (via the relative amount of sand, silt, and clay in the soil). The land cover effect on the total backscatter received by the sensor is mainly due to the macrostructure of vegetation canopy such as height of canopy and number of plants or trees per unit area; and the microstructure. In this study, a neural network and fuzzy logic-based model is used to explore the effect of soil texture, land cover, vegetation parameters on soil moisture retrieval. RADARSAT-1 satellite data along with soil moisture, soil texture, land cover and vegetation data measured during the Southern Great Plains 97 (SGP97) campaign were used in the model development. The significance of different configurations of input parameters such as vegetation optical depth, NDVI, soil texture and land cover type on soil moisture retrieval have been tested using statistical tools. Quantitative assessments using employing the RADARSAT-1 data have been made from independent datasets selected randomly from the field area.


In a previous work we presented an algorithm inspired in the Strong Artificial Intelligence and in the minimax optimization that imitates the human being in the solution of the magic square and we showed that in most cases its performance was better than the human's performance and even better than the performance of the best genetic algorithms to solve the magic square, in terms of number of changes.

In this paper we adapt and transform this algorithm to solve the optimization of an AGVs network problem, using as a first test case 9 workstations in fixed positions and 9 operations to be executed, and the optimization problem is translated in the search of which of the 9! possible manners to distribute 9 operations by the 9 workstations that minimizes the total production time for a given plan of production.

As a final validation test, using random search, in 1000 runs it never reached the optimal solution at the end of 100000 iterations.

Finally we considered the more general case where the number of workstations is greater than the number of operations, and so there are some workstations that make the same operation, and we will have a layout with repetitions and multiple trajectories that implement the same product. This turns the problem more complex since when a product has operations that are executed by various workstations we must search all the possible combinations and find the average distance over all possible trajectories associated to a product. Furthermore the generation of all 'permutations with repetitions' is more complex and in the literature there are no published algorithm to generate this type of combinatorial entities. The Mixed Integer Programming approach proves to be impractical even for a simple test case of two products defined as sequences of four operations since the implementation of the division of the total distance over all trajectories that implement a product by their number turns the MIP model very big and combinatorial explosive. Again our algorithm adapted to layouts with repetitions presented very good results for this simple test case of 9 machines, 4 operations and 2 products.


Introduction: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a lesion of the central nervous system (CNS), which conditions the motor function, essentially gait. Objective: to analyze the different therapeutic approaches in the gait of children with CP. Methodology: A bibliographic research was performed using the PEDro database, with inclusion criteria, randomized controlled articles and control case, where the articles are in English, with a rating of 6 or higher PEDro database, performed by physiotherapists, with access to full text and have up to 10 years of publication. Results: 76 articles were found, of which only 10 were included in this analysis, according to the objectives of gait, suspended, virtual reality, Mitii and cycloergometer in children with CP. Conclusion: The new technologies such as the Virtual Reality and the Mitii in therapeutic strategies, can improve the gait speed, the muscle strength and the capacity for activity. The treadmill training and suspended gait also showed improvements in global standing motor function, in walking and in postural control. The muscular strength and the resistance improved with the use of the cycloergometer. As for the back gait training, it improved both in postural balance and in the motor control, in children with PC.


Through introducing the Dreamweaver CS3 CSS filter,illustrates the special effects of the controlled objects of style by using the static filter in static webpage design and practical application.Introduces the Blur filter,Alpha filter and the Wave filter to achieve the page image artistic effect of the general methods and effect in details,to make the page more beautiful,and gives users a colorful world.


This study provides a follow-up to prior measurements of the impact of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis farming on benthic macrofauna and biogeochemistry and includes the first measurements of the effect of oyster Crassostrea gigas farming in Saldanha Bay, South Africa. The Shannon–Wiener index was significantly lower for farm than for control sites, indicating reduced diversity at farm sites. The lowest values of the Warwick statistic were recorded at the established farm site (R-old). Nested PERMANOVA showed no significant difference in community composition between farm and control sites. Suspension feeders (the mudprawn Upogebia capensis, clam Venerupis corrugata, and holothurian Thyone aurea) dominated at control sites and were important contributors to dissimilarity. Deposit feeders and predatory/scavenging gastropods tended to be more abundant at the farm sites. nMDS ordination showed a clear separation of the more exposed Big Bay stations. The proportions of mud and very coarse sand were moderately associated with community structure. Biogeochemical fluxes showed insignificant differences in sediment oxygen demand between the farm and control sites. Ammonium (NH4) regeneration dominated nitrogen (N) fluxes and was greater at the farm (313 µmol N m−2 h−1) than at the control (187 µmol N m−2 h−1) sites, and maximum rates were restricted to the established mussel raft (R-old) during winter. In contrast, fluxes of oxidised N were less at farm sites relative to the controls. There was no significant difference in phosphate (PO4) regeneration at farm and control stations, leading to higher inorganic N to PO4 regeneration ratios at farm sites.


Since the forest type map in Korea has been mostly constructed every five years, the forest information from the map lacks up-to-date information. Forest research has been carried out by aerial photogrammetry and field surveys, and hence it took a lot of times and money. The vertical structure of forests is an important factor in evaluating forest diversity and environment. The vertical structure is essential information, but the observation of the vertical structure is not easy because the vertical structure indicates the internal structure of forests. In this study, the index map and texture map produced from KOMPSAT-3/3A/5 satellite images and the canopy information generated by the difference between DSM (Digital Surface Model) and DTM (Digital Terrain Model) were classified using the artificial neural network. The vertical structure of forests of single and multi-layer forests was classified to identify 81.59% of the final classification result.


Tremor, often combined with slowness and stiffness in an arm, presents frequently in general practice. It may be caused by essential tremor,which affects 2-3%of the population. Parkinson's disease is less common (prevalence 0.2%), although its prevalence increases with age (4% of those aged over 80 years). Differentiating essential tremor from Parkinson's disease can be difficult, even for experienced physicians. Recently published guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) advise that all patients with suspected Parkinson's disease should be referred to an expert in secondary care for an accurate diagnosis and management of the condition. However, non-experts need to be aware of the features of Parkinson's disease to ensure rapid referral and should have a basic understanding of how the condition is treated to facilitate shared care between primary and secondary care.


Two new species of gobiid fishes are described from coastal waters off the west coast of Colombia.One of them,Bollmannia gomezi,is described on the basis of five specimens and represents the ninth species of the genus in the eastern Pacific.The other new species,Lythrypnus solanensis,is based upon the unique holotype,and constitutes the sixth species of eastern Pacific Lythrypnus.Habitat preferences and zoogeographic data of the new species are indicated. The ichthyofauna from the Colombian Pacific is poorly known,particularly if the non-commercial coastal zone groups are considered.At the end of 1976 the Armada Nacional de Colombia made the cruise Benthos 1,with the research vessel San Andres.On this cruise several interesting specimens of fishes were collected,including two new species of Gobiidae,which are now described here.Methods of measurements are the same as those used by Bohlke and Robins (1968).For counting the second dorsal and anal fins,Bohlke and Robins'(1968:49)methods are used:"The last two elements in the second dorsal and in the anal fins stem from a single interspinal element and are treated as a single ray,split to its base.The first element in the second dorsal and anal fins is a simple unsegmented but flexible spine which is included with the other elements of these fins in the counts throughout this paper." The type material is deposited at the collections of the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History(LACM),School of Marine and Atmospheric Science(UMML),Miami,U.S.A., and at the Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de Punta de Betin(INVEMAR-P),Santa Marta, Colombia. Bollmannia gomezi,sp.nov. ( Fig.1) Diagnosis.Dorsal rays VII-13,anal rays 14, pectoral rays 24•`26;the least depth of caudal peduncle 1.1•`1.2 in the diameter of eye;head length less than 3.6 in standard length;a black spot at base of caudal fin. Description.Counts and measurements are in Tables 1 and 2.The dentition consists of 19 and 17 canine-like teeth on upper and lower jaws respectively.Posterior to them exist several bands of needle-like teeth,more numerous in the lower than in the upper jaw.The tongue tip is free,blunt and emarginate.There were approximately 28 lateral scales,almost all lost.The dorsal spines reach the central rays of the second dorsal.The soft dorsal and anal rays do not reach the caudal base. Coloration:The coloration in preservative is generally pale,with only a black spot at the base of the caudal,the snout is darker than the rest of the head,with a black line over the upper lip. The peritoneum is black.There are also some other poorly defined dark zones on the body. Fig.1.Bolhnannia gomezi,sp.nov.,holotype,male,59.5mm SL,LACM 38223-1.


Wireless Mesh Network consist of two types of node which are mesh router and mesh client. Mesh clients can be either stationary or mobile and only have one interface to form client mesh network. The integration of WMN with other networks such as the internet, cellular, IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.15, IEEE 802.16, etc can be accomplished through the gateway and bridging function in the mesh routers. Deploying a WMN is not too difficult because all the required components are already available in the form of ad hoc network routing protocol, IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol, wired equivalent privacy (WEP) security, etc. Several kinds of ad hoc routing protocol have been considered for using in WMN and Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol is one of them. This paper shows the detail simulation to evaluate the performance of OLSR protocol in WMN. It is done by tuning the timing interval of control packet of OLSR protocol.


Interest in positive psychology is rapidly expanding as the field continues to make progress in terms of scientific advancement and understanding. Its implications in different fields have remarkable outcomes to validate the theory especially in therapies, education and organizations. This paper frameworks fundamental features of positive psychology and how these features can be integrated into schools. The emerging leadership roles of the counselors as change agents is also discussed from a holistic point of view. Keywords: positive psychology, positive education, positive schools, holistic view.


Ashura is a high power KrF laser system which consists of nanosecond and picosecond front ends, three electron-beam pumped amplifiers, a sixfold angular multiplexing system, and a Raman compression system. Ashura aims at optical outputs of 1 kJ in 100 ns, 50 GW in 15 ns, 250 GW in 2 ns, and 5 TW in 6 ps.1-3 Ashura1-3 is to be used for research on laser fusion,4 x-ray lasers,3 particle acceleration, etc.


s of papers are at the end of this document. Conference kindly supported by the Aristotelian Society, the Analysis Trust, the Society for Applied Philosophy, the Political Studies Association and its specialist Political Thought group, Lancaster University Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, and the UK Kant Society (www.keele.ac.uk/UKKS)


Abstract The flow injection method, involving spectrophotometric detection, is proposed for the determination of perazine. The procedure is based on the oxidation of perazine by cerium(IV) sulphate(VI). Concentrations with perazine in the range 120–300 ppm have been determined with the relative standard deviation of 1.0%. The presented method was applied to the determination of perazine in pharmaceutical formulations.


This paper explains the causes of gas pipeline fire risk by using fire tree analysis,pointing out the major causes of gas pipeline fires.This paper also suggests some measures to prevent gas pipeline fire accidents.


Ideally, it should be possible to use an identical submission file for the European Union, Japan, and the United States. With respect to chemical entities and the manufacturing and controls section of the dossier some questions remain to be answered. Is harmonization still required? What is the present status of the harmonization process? Which developments may be expected in the future?


In relation to the development of automatic discharging and grinding system producing eco-friendly composite fertilizer raw materials, the performance test was proceeded. and We had obtained the following results. 1. Of the evaluation items set as performance indicators for this technology development, the "grinding capacity" of the composite fertilizer roll mill is higher than the current market-sufficient performance (1500kg/hr) of 1800kg/hr.For "grind particle size", results of less than 1.8 mm on average were obtained, which is smaller than market-sufficient performance (average less than 2 mm). 2. As a result of the evaluation of "1batch 400kg discharge time", the results of less than 10min/1bach were obtained, which is shorter than the market satisfaction performance (15min/1bach).


An optimized top-down approach was utilized to fabricate vertical GaN-on-GaN nanowire Schottky barrier diodes (NWSBDs) in this letter. The suppressed reverse leakage current and enhanced breakdown voltage (BV) of the vertical GaN NWSBDs are attributed to the reduced electric field at the interface of the Schottky junction achieved through the dielectric reduced surface field technique. As-fabricated NWSBD delivers a low turn-on voltage of 0.80 V, a near-unity ideality factor of 1.04, along with a soft BV of 480 V. The measured soft BV is comparable with the avalanche BV of the p–n diode with a similar net doping concentration in the drift region.


An efficient parallel simulation scheme of quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoding is proposed to improve the simulation efficiency greatly. It employs multi-threads with the multi-processors of a graphic processing unit (GPU) to perform the simulation of LDPC decoding in parallel. Other than full hardware based LDPC decoding, it obtains good features of low cost, easy programming complexity by using the compute unified device architecture (CUDA) techniques. The CUDA also provides parallel computing by the GPU with efficient multi-thread computation and very high memory bandwidth. Based on the proposed scheme, all bit nodes or check nodes can be updated in an LDPC decoding iteration simultaneously. Therefore, it provides an efficient and fast approach of QC LDPC decoding.


In 1997, I was invited to talk about writing and tenure at a student-sponsored workshop for doctoral students in planning. After that talk, several audience members asked me to publish it in a forum, like JPER, that would be fairly accessible to their doctoral colleagues. I received a similar response when I showed it to other doctoral students. After more deliberation than it probably needed, I decided to go through the process of getting it in wider circulation. While it is not a scholarly research or education article that belongs the main text, this Comment is intended as an accessible starting point for thinking and talking about issues of writing, scholarly communication, and tenure practicalities. At least some doctoral students and new faculty seem to have a great need for such an article. It is in that spirit that I offer it.1


Quality control of all components in pesticide formulations is becoming increasingly important because of such factors as (1) regulatory limitations on "inert" ingredients, (2) more chemically sensitive actives, (3) built-in adjuvant functionality, (4) the growth of pre-mix formulations, (5) inherently more sophisticated formulations, (6) difficulty in reworking certain types of formulations, and (7) overall emphasis on final formulation product quality. Adequate quality control of POE-POP block copolymer nonionics, polymeric dispersants and surfactant blend products is especially important. Depending on surfactant chemistry and applications, a variety of wet chemical, chromatographic analyses and/or performance testing is needed to insure regulatory compliance, and reproducible quality and functionality. These Q.C. aspects are delineated in this paper.


The series of "Roaming in Wonderland" uses multiple materials, especially from our daily life, such as painting materials and wires. My art making follows my consciousness or unconsciousness. The way I put the lines into my work with knitting and weaving skills is closely related to my being a female. During the period of my art making, the notes I wrote have been woven into the layers of my life experiences. They also outline the indistinct contours of my works – the continuous changes of the real life and the stories. The symbols and spaces that repeatedly occurred in my dream seem to tell me that I can find a place in my dream to stay forever. This experience might be able to explain partially why my works are as indistinct as my dreams. I use my fingers to paint with the unbreakable wires to search for my eternal existence. The two topics in my series: "dreams, the region of forever" and "another dream, traveler" are that main concepts of my series. I move back and forth between "dream" and "another dream" to contemplate on my journey of searching.


In the article the influence of economic behaviour on the labour mobility of the working population of Belarus is studied. On the basis of statistical data the trends of inter-branch labour mobility are revealed. It is proved that the economic behaviour has the influence on the intensity of upstanding labour mobility of the workers.


A series of heteronuclear-Pt(II) complexes containing ferrocenylethynyl units linked directly (Pt–C∫CFc) or through a phosphorous atom (Pt-PPh2C∫CFc) to the platinum center is reported. The reaction of derivative [cis-Pt(RF)2(PPh2C∫CFc)2] (RF = C6F5) 1 with the solvate complex [cis-Pt(RF)2(thf)2] leads to the formation of an asymmetrical heteronuclear diplatinum complex [{Pt(RF)2(m-1kP:2h-PPh2C∫CFc)2}Pt(RF)2] 9 having the "cis-Pt(RF)2" fragment coordinated to the triple bonds of both ferrocenylethynylphosphine units, while treatment of [cis-Pt(C∫CFc)2(PPh2C∫CR)2] (R = Fc 5a, Ph 5b, tBu 5c) with the same solvate [cis-Pt(RF)2(thf)2], affords double ferrocenylacetylide-bridged diplatinum systems [{Pt(PPh2C∫CR)2(m-h:h-C∫CFc)2}Pt(RF)2] 10. The solid-state structures of [cis/trans-Pt(RF)2(PPh2C∫CFc)2] 1/2, [cis-Pt(RF)2(PPh2C∫CFc)(tht)] 3 (tht = tetrahydrothiophene), [{Pt(RF)2(m-1kP:2h-PPh2C∫CFc)2}Pt(RF)2] 9 and [{Pt(PPh2C∫CtBu)2(m-h:h-C∫CFc)2}Pt(RF)2] 10c have been determined by X-ray diffraction methods. The electronic spectra and the electrochemical behaviour of all monoplatinum derivatives are discussed, showing a different extent of interaction between the remote ferrocenyl groups when they belong to PPh2C∫CFc or C∫CFc ligands. For the diplatinum systems 9 and 10, containing bridging (kP:h-PPh2C∫CFc 9) or (h1:h2-C∫CFc 10) ligands, their electrochemical properties were also compared with the parent precursors.


Electric guitars have received far less attention than acoustical/classical ones from research teams, mainly for the reasonthat they are essentially considered as mere electro-mechanical transducers and little attention has been paid to theirvibrational behavior. However, every guitarist knows from his/her experience how important are typical vibrationalparameters such as resonances, damping, construction materials but usually lack the technical knowledge to express it inscientific terms. Also lute-makers usually work only by experience and tacit knowledge and even big companies do notuse scientific research to improve their instruments. Following a research line devoted to modem music instruments, inthis article we will present some experimental results derived from a series of measurement sessions on two electricguitars, aimed at identifying typical resonance frequencies, modal shapes, and sound characteristics. Experimental setups have been implemented trying to simulate as much as possible real life situations, in particular excitation has beenobtained mainly by acoustical sources and a mechanical device resembling a plastic plectrum. Moreover, in order to


Chris Gaines. Chris Gaines' Greatest Hits. Capitol 20051. 3322 West End Ave., Nashville, TN 37203 Sagittarius. Present Tense. Compact disc. Sundazed SC 11053. Available from Sundazed Music, P.O. Box 85, Coxsackie, NY 12051.


Part 1 Consciousness, major syndromes and approach: consciousness - definition and context major syndromes of impaired consciousness clinical assessment, investigation and initial management. Part 2 Physical insults and structural lesions causing coma: herniations intracranial hemorrhage trauma neoplasia hypothermia and hyperthermia electrical injuries burn encephalopathy. Part 3 Impaired consciousness and inflammatory conditions: CNS infections other inflammatory diseases affecting CNS - sepsis-associated encephalopathy, collagen-vascular diseases, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, "toxic encephalopathy" and Reye's syndrome. Part 4 Metabolic, nutritional, ischaemic and toxic encephalopathies: metabolic encephalopathies, mineral and electrolyte disturbances, endocrinopathies, organ failure nutritional disorders ischaemia and anoxia - focal and generalized drugs - poisoning, pharmacologic considerations in impaired consciousness. Part 5 Episodic impairment of consciousness: seizures other causes of episodic loss of consciousness - syncope, transient vascular events, concussion, metabolic and toxic causes, sleep-related disorders, idiopathic recurring stupor, transient globale amnesia, transiently raised intracranial pressure, psychiatric disorders, uncertain aetiologies. Part 6 Impaired consciousness in clinical contexts: the emergency room medical and surgical ICUs the transplant ward the maternity ward neuro-degenerative disorders ethics.


The co-occurrence of noncommunicable diseases and communicable diseases raises important challenges to the integration of public health and care delivery for more than one morbidity. Effective integration requires assessing needs, designing integrated systems, leveraging existing infrastructure, and addressing resource challenges through creative organizational and technological strategies. This chapter uses the example of diabetes as a prototypical noncommunicable disease and highlights the urgent need for integrated approaches to addressing three key comorbidities in patients with diabetes: mental health disorders, tuberculosis, and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). We explore the epidemiology of joint burdens, risk factors, and prognoses of these co-occurring conditions. We summarize the available evidence and address the challenges of integrating public health and health services for persons jointly affected by diabetes and the three comorbidities. We focus on a case study for integrating care for diabetes and mental health disorders. Finally, we address gaps in data regarding combined burdens and effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of integrated interventions and make recommendations for closing those gaps.


The explanation by Drell and Hiida of the inelastic bump, observed by Cocconi et al., in high-energy proton-proton scattering is shown to be inadequate for two reasons: (i) The $g(t)\ensuremath{\equiv}\frac{[\frac{d\ensuremath{\sigma}({s}_{1}, t)}{d\ensuremath{\Omega}}]}{[\frac{d\ensuremath{\sigma}({s}_{1}, 0)}{d\ensuremath{\Omega}}]}$ chosen by Drell and Hiida gives too large wide-angle $\ensuremath{\pi}N$ scattering, while a calculation consistent with wide-angle $\ensuremath{\pi}N$ scattering gives a differential cross section smaller by a factor of five than the experimental cross section; (ii) the primary process in the Drell-Hiida mechanism gives much too small $D$- and $F$-wave amplitudes, so that even strong resonant final-state interactions in these states do not give any appreciable structure to the differential cross section. A formulation for the final-state interaction between the pion and the recoil nucleon is given, and it is shown that the nonresonant final-state scattering in $S$ and $P$ waves gives large enhancement.


People experience a threat to their moral self-concept in the face of discrepancies between their moral values and their unethical behavior. We theorize that people's need to restore their view of themselves as moral activates thoughts of a high-density personal social network. Such thoughts also lead people to be more likely to engage in further unethical behavior. In five experiments, participants reflected on their past unethical behavior, and then completed a task designed to measure network density. Those who cheated more frequently in the past, recalled their negative moral identity, or decided to lie were more likely to activate a high-density network (Experiment 1-3). Using a mediation-by-moderation approach (Experiment 4), we confirm that this link between dishonesty and network density is explained by a threat to positive self-concept. Importantly, activating a dense network after engaging in dishonest behavior allows further dishonest behavior in a subsequent task (Experiment 5).


Submitted for the DFD10 Meeting of The American Physical Society A Poisson-Boltzmann solver on Non-Graded Adaptive Grid with Robin boundary conditions on Irregular Domains ASDIS HELGADOTTIR, FREDERIC GIBOU, UCSB — We introduce a second-order solver for the PoissonBoltzmann equation in arbitrary geometry in two and three spatial dimensions. The Poisson-Boltzmann equation can be used to represent the electric potential of a solution and is, therefore, of great interest in micro fluidics. The method introduced differs from existing methods solving the Poisson-Boltzmann equation in the two following ways: First, non-graded Quadtree (in two spatial dimensions) and Octree (in three spatial dimensions) grid structures are used; Quadtree/Octree grid structures save a significant amount of computational power at no sacrifice in accuracy. Second, Robin boundary conditions are enforced at the irregular domain's boundary. The irregular domain is described implicitly and the grid does not need to conform to the domain's boundary, which makes grid generation straightforward and robust. The resulting matrix is an M-matrix, thus the linear system is invertible, leading to a simple and robust secondorder accurate solver. Asdis Helgadottir UCSB Date submitted: 05 Aug 2010 Electronic form version 1.4


One rationale for government intervention is failure of competition in the market. Health care markets are characterized by such unique aspects as information asymmetry, prevalence of insurance, and cost-increasing competition based on the adoption of costly medical technology. Therefore, government policy to guarantee a sufficient number of providers in markets may not lead to socially beneficial outcomes such as higher quantity and lower price. This paper examines the unique nature of health services and its implications for competition, the evidence that competition may not reduce health care expenditures, and policy tools that government can use to encourage competition which contributes to supporting a sustainable health care system.


We investigated the most suitable antenna pointing methods for quasi-zenith (eight-figure) satellites and their beam patterns. In this work, the beam pattern of the antenna is fixed in time and the antenna is moved as a whole. From the variation of the direction vectors from the satellite to 41 ground points distributed over inhabited regions in Japan, the optimum fixed beam pattern and the time variation of the antenna direction relative to the satellite body were derived. Population involved in each beam was taken into account and three types of satellite orbits were considered: (a) circular orbit, (b) elliptic orbit with apogee above the equator, and (c) elliptic orbit with the apogee at its north end. For the cases of (a) and (c), beams toward the most populated regions in Japan can be directed continuously with accuracy better than 0.01 [deg]. This means that the beam center reaches the ground within about 6 [km] from the target point. Therefore, the beams directed toward such regions need no mechanism to control the directions independently. In contrast, in locations near the edge of the service area, the error becomes about 0.1 [deg]. Since the distance between the beam center and the target point becomes comparable to the radius of the beam, beams directed toward such regions are required to have wider beam-width or mechanisms to control their directions. For the case (b), the error becomes more apparent. This is due to the large change in distance between the satellite and service regions.


Asphalt pavement is inevitably exposed to sunlight and different water environment during the service life, and the environment changes have caused the asphalt to be aged under the more complex environment such as more severe ultraviolet (UV) radiations, acid rain, or deicing salt conditions, however, the ageing mechanism and impact of coupled water and UV radiation is still not clear. In order to evaluate the coupling impact of different water environment (salt, acid) and UV radiation on the rheological properties and microstructure of asphalt material, short-term aged Rolling Thin Film Oven (RTFO) samples were further aged in UV and various water environment to simulate the UV and acid rain or salt condition, the Dynamic Shear Rheological (DSR) test, Bending Beam Rheological (BBR) test, SARA (saturates, aromatics, resin, and asphaltene) four-component analysis test and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) tests were carried out. The results show that the coupling of different water environments and UV radiation accelerated the ageing of asphalt, which leads to the decrease of saturated, aromatic and resin content, the increase of asphaltene, and the enhancement of absorption peaks of carbonyl and sulfoxide groups. The result also found that shorter wavelength UV radiation has a severer effect on asphalt ageing under the same UV radiation level. Highlights UV and different water environment on asphalt ageing were investigated. UV and water ageing reduced the low temperature cracking resistance. UV and water ageing reduced the light component of asphalt and increased the heavy component of asphaltene. Shorter wavelength of UV have a server impact on asphalt ageing.


Adult onset Leigh syndrome is a very rare neurodegenerative disorder of unknown cause. We report the evolution of the lesions on serial MRIs in a 38-year-old man with clinically diagnosed Leigh syndrome. We emphasize that the mammillary bodies can be involved during the disease course and that premortem diagnosis of Leigh syndrome is pos - sible, if a characteristic distribution of lesions can be demonstrated on MRI. J Korean Neurol Assoc 18(3):341~344, 2000


Qiefeng No.1 is the best controller on Jujube Witches Broom.Its optimum controlling period is from bud sprouting to elongating stage of leaf, or from full flower to physiological fruit dropping.It produces good effect on any age trees damaged by less than 3-grade disease,but shows little effect on any age trees damaged by more than 4-grade disease.If Jujube Witches Broom infects old or weak trees,we should first restore growth vigor by the stimulus of irrigation and fertilizer,then make a injecting treatment.There is no relevance between varieties and controlling effect.


ABSTRACT Older consumers have long been the 'invisible majority' in advertising despite the rapid increase in an ageing population. A significant proportion of this population have high levels of disposable income, even in times of recession, but advertisers are not encouraging them to part with it. This paper intends to find out why advertisers have been slow or struggle to target older consumers effectively. The aims of this study are two-fold. First, it explores the portrayal and representation of older consumers in Tesco's 'Dotty' campaign and Marks & Spencer's (M&S) 'Twiggy' campaign, with special reference to the use of celebrities. The second aim is to demonstrate how the focus has shifted from the more traditional, negative stereotyping (Tesco campaign) to a more progressive approach, presenting aspirational images that older consumers can identify with (M&S campaign). Although both campaigns were effective in terms of increasing profits, this paper suggests that the ongoing M&S example of using older celebrities in advertising campaigns demonstrates a more effective creative strategy that is in tune not only with a growing population of older consumers but is also especially applicable in times of economic uncertainty.


We report on a systematic study of AuPd bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) prepared from two-step sputtering deposition in the suspension of graphene and ionic liquid using X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy. As-synthesized AuPd bimetallic catalysts possess well-enhanced activity and stability compared with monometallic (Au-only or Pd-only) catalysts, suggesting the synergistic effect upon alloying. A structural model with the introduction of Pd to Au cluster is provided to study the formation of bimetallic NPs and to offer detailed insights into the local structure information (interaction between Au and Pd). A novel and significant fingerprint is proposed to depict the intermixing structure of AuPd bimetallic NPs. The present XAFS study reveals a fingerprint feature in k-space, which can be an evaluation of the extent of the Au–Pd intermixing on the atomic scale, corresponding to the catalytic activity of bimetallic nanoparticles. The systematic XAFS-based methodology, demonstrated here on ...


Thin amorphous selenium (a-Se) films and Se films doped with indium have been prepared by thermal evaporation under high vacuum and controlled deposition conditions. Measurement or DC conductivity made in situ as a function of temperature (in the range room temperature to 400 K) and absorption in the photon energy range 1 · 5 to 6 · 5eV are reported. The effects of film thickness from 50 to 760nm and vacuum annealing on these properties are considered. Our specimens showed low conductivity and two activation energies indicating different conduction mechanisms in the gap. Furthermore, the conductivity is found to be independent of thickness but sensitive to doping and oxygen incorporation. The value of the optical energy gap (Eopl) is (2 · 0 and 1 · 93)eV for (a-Se) and (a-Se: In) films, respectively. From the Urbach edge, the value of Ee, the width of the tail of the localized states in the gap, is estimated. The values of both Eopl and Ee are nearly independent of thickness. A preliminary study of the in...


The paper introduces the aim and technique of map data update.Then presents the relationship between data increment detection and data updating technology.Under the development environment of AutoCAD 2007,detect and record the increments of map data of different versions,then quickly update the data of maps.


Shoulders and Krei (2015) conducted a study which revealed that for teachers to be effective in their role, students must be engaged in their learning. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects classroom engagement strategies have on student behavior. There will be three engagement strategies implemented throughout this study, these include turn and talks, cold calling, and Whole Brain Teaching strategies. Behaviors that will be analyzed include on-task versus off-task behavior and overall student participation. The participants in this research project include middle school students, 6 through 8 grade. The sample group will consist of 24 students. The academic content area being addressed is mathematics, specifically math intervention. The study will take place during the student's scheduled class time. Direct observations and video recordings will be conducted and analyzed; the video recordings will be stored in a locked filing cabinet in the coinvestigator's office. ENGAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND STUDENT BEHAVIOR CORRELATION 5


An approximation is obtained for the radial distribution function in a fluid whose molecules interact with the Lennard‐Jones potential. Calculations of the equation of state, the internal energy, and the compressibility are presented and compared with experiment. At temperatures and volumes higher than the critical, agreement with experiment is satisfactory. A systematic method is developed of modifying the theoretical radial distribution function so that calculated thermodynamic quantities agree with their experimental values. In the liquid phase, slight modifications are needed to obtain agreement with experiment.


The ESA cornerstone mission Gaia will be launched in 2013 to begin a scan of about one billion sources in the Milky Way and beyond. During the mission time of 5 years (+ one year extension) repeated astrometric, photometric and spectroscopic observations of the entire sky down to magnitude 20 will be recorded. Therefore, Gaia as an All-Sky survey has enormous potential for discovery in almost all fields of astronomy and astrophysics. Thus, 50 to 200 epoch observations will be collected during the mission for about 1 billion sources. Gaia will also be a nearly unbiased survey for transiting extrasolar planets. Based on latest detection probabilities derived from the very successful NASA Kepler mission, our knowledge about the expected photometric precision of Gaia in the white-light G band and the implications due to the Gaia scanning law, we have analysed how many transiting exoplanets candidates Gaia will be able to detect. We include the entire range of stellar types in the parameter space for our analysis as potential host stars, as they will be observed by Gaia. We show statistics for expected distributions of the transiting exoplanets in planetary radius, orbital period and distance to the host star. Additionally, we provide information about the expected distribution of the host star parameters stellar mass, radius and effective temperature. Combining all this information enables us to answer the most interesting question: Will Gaia be able to detect Super-Earths in the habitable zone of cool dwarfs?


IN two other papers [F letcher, 1937 a, b] I have shown that the anterior retractor of the byssus of Mytilus edulis is an unstriated muscle whose constituent fibres are arranged in parallel to one another, and all extend from end to end of the muscle. This simple structure enables the action potential to be recorded without serious distortion. It is found to be closely similar to the action potential of other excitable tissues. The present paper is concerned with the relation between this action potential and the mechanical activity of the muscle.


they were far from agreed as to what republicanism meant, apart from the absence of hereditary monarchy and hereditary aristocracy." Professor McDonald's observation actually overstates the level of agreement, because many Framers-perhaps most-believed that a republic could feature hereditary aristocracy, 101 although by a separate constitutional provision they made sure that the American republic would not. 99. Moreover, the "rule of law" criterion no doubt has some specific content. See Bonfield. supra note 79, at 527-28 (advocating that federal courts enforce on states not merely traditional rights but also what appears to be the author's social agenda). See also Chemerinsl..·y, supra note 16, at 859-60, 864-66 (asserting that the Guarantee Clause should be used to protect individual rights). 100. MCDONALD, supra note 1, at 5. See also John F. Cooper, Tile Citizen Initiative Petition to Amend State Constitutions: A Concept Whose Time Has Passed, Or a Vigorous Component of Panicipatory Democracy at the State Le1•el?, 28 N.M. L. REV. 227,245-46 (1998). 101. Some leading figures held that aristocracy was inconsistent with republicanism. See, e.g., Ford, EsSAYS, supra note 1, at 390 (writing as "A Plain Dealer," Spencer Ronne contrasts a republic with aristocracy and monarchy); Sheehan, supra note 1, at 35 ("Philodemos," describing orders of nobility as anti-republican), 94 (Tench Coxe, contrasting a republic with aristocracy, oligarchy, and monarchy); Storing, supra note I, at 16 ("Centinel") (positing that an aristocracy "will rise on [the] ruin" of a republican government when the people arc no longer sovereign); 4 Elliot, supra note 1, at 195 (James Iredell, at the North Carolina ratifying con\'ention, distinguishing republican government from both monarchy and aristocracy), 202 (William Lenoir, making the same distinction); 2 id. at 278 (Chancellor Livingston, at the New York ratifying con\'ention, explaining that "[t]he truth is, in these republican governments, we know no such ideal distinctions. We arc all equally aristocrats." But admittedly he may have been talking only about the American republics.), 433 (James Wilson, speaking at the Pennsylvania con\'ention). But see 2 id. at 483 {Wilson, referring to the "Dutch republic," although that state was known to be an aristocracy). However, the "celebrated Montesquieu" had treated aristocracy as a kind of republic. The great Roman Republic had been aristocratic, as was the Dutch state at the time. All participants treated Rome as a republic, and most also treated the Dutch state as a republic. 2 id. at 188 (Oli\'er Ellsworth, speaking at the Connecticut ratifying convention), 224 (Melnncton Smith, speaking at the New York ratifying convention), 234 (Hamilton, speaking at the New York ratifying com'Cntion); 3 id. at 146-47 (Patrick Henry, speaking at the Virginia ratifying con\'ention), 153 (same), 160 (same), 189, 200 (Edmund Randolph, identifying Holland as both an aristocracy and a republic), 268 (George Mason, recognizing Holland to be a republic irrespccti\'e of whether it is a democracy or an aristocracy), 275, 290 (William Grayson); WILLIAM GRAYSON, ANnFEDERAUST NO. 2, reprillted in Borden, supra note 1; Ford, PAMPHLETS, supra note 1, at351 (James Iredell, writing as "Marcus," and referring to Holland as a "republic"). Although at the Virginia ratifying con\'ention Madison objected to calling Holland a republic, at another point he did so himself. 3 Elliot, supra note 1, at 310, 394. An Anti-Federalist writer, "An Old Whig," disputed Holland's classification as a republic, not because it was an aristocracy, but because he thought it was a monarchy. "A NEWPORT MAN," ANTIFEDERALIST Nos. 18-20 (pt. 2), reprinted in Borden, supra note 1. There arc other statements suggesting that a republic could be aristocratic. St!e, e.g., 3 Elliot, supra note 1, at 565 (William Grayson, speaking at the Virginia ratifying con\'ention); Ford, EsSAYS, supra note 1, at 106 (James Winthrop, writing as "Agrippa," dividing republics into democratic and aristocratic varieties, following Montesquieu). See generally ADAMS, supra note 1, which discusses at length at least fifteen "aristocratical republics," both ancient and contemporary.


A static model is considered in which all heavy particles are compounded out of two basic units, taken here to be the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ and nucleon $N$ (and/or the cascade particle $\ensuremath{\Xi}$). The model suggests the existence of some unstable particle states accessible to experiment: the $\ensuremath{\rho}$ meson, a boson with $I=0$; the ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}^{**}$, a highly excited $I=0$ state of the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$; the $Z$ hyperon unstable against rapid decay by $Z\ensuremath{\rightarrow}K+N$. Without artificial assumption the model directly indicates that in the present strangeness classification no metastable $V$ particles exist beyond those already known. The model is compatible with and somewhat favors the assumption of a high degree of symmetry between $N$ and $\ensuremath{\Xi}$. Its general tenor is thus to emphasize the charge displacement $a=q\ensuremath{-}{I}_{z}$ as a physically significant parameter rather than the strangeness $S$. An unavoidable implication of the model is that all heavy particles have comparable interaction strengths, apparent exceptions being possible over limited energy ranges. The model provides a vehicle for study of the parity doublet scheme, which introduces greater complication in return for an added flexibility at present unnecessary in the model.


We investigate a series of well tests (WT) in tight sand and shale, dry gas, naturally fractured reservoirs that were conducted for long durations. Surprisingly, the transient pressure analysis signature of these reservoirs is similar to the signatures from lean gas reservoirs. Our primary investigation has explored the possible causes related to, geology, and specific well conditions that could result in the ambiguous WT response. However as the WT response has been found repeatedly in a variety of regions around the world, it cannot be related to any of these. We have considered the possible impact of the scale-dependency of the properties of fracture networks on the WT response. It is argued that the anomalies in the WT response may reflect a step in the scale-dependent properties of the fracture network. It is known that in both dry and lean gas examples the anomalous response is caused by a change in permeability. In the lean gas this is caused by the condensate bank region that induces change in the permeability of the system. However, this cannot be the explanation in the dry gas example. We suggest that the response reflects the scale-dependence of the intrinsic permeability of the fracture network.


[Objective] To report an accident of acute hydrogen sulfide(H2S)poisoning occurred in a lotus root processing enterprise,and to call the attention for reinforcing the occupational hygiene supervision in the same type enterprises.[Methods] Data and process of the accident and the clinical treatment to victims were collected to analyze the cause of the accident.[Results] The concentration of H2S in the pool reserving lotus root waste material exceeded the national hygienic standard,workers did not adopt protective measures,the rescuing persons rescued without any protective measure,seven men died and two got acute poisoning in the accident finally.[Conclusion] The lotus root waste material can produce H2S and methane in its storage process,and workers should take certain protective measures when cleaning up the pool,the departments concerned should strengthen the occupational hygiene supervision in the lotus root processing enterprises.


The disposition of malachite green was determined in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) after intravascular dosing (0.8 mg·kg n1 ) or waterborne exposure (0.8 mg·L n1 for 1 h). After intravascular dosing, mean plasma concentrations of the parent compound exhibited a triphasic decline with a terminal elimination half-life of 6.2 h. Malachite green was rapidly absorbed and concentrated in the tissues during waterborne exposure. The rate of accumulation was directly related to pH of the exposure water. After waterborne exposure, elimination of the parent compound from plasma also was triphasic with a terminal half-life of 4.7 h. In muscle, the half-life of the parent compound was approximately 67 h. Malachite green and its metabolites were widely distributed in all tissues. In fish exposed to 14 C-labeled malachite green, total drug equivalent


Aurantio-obtusin (2,6,8-trihydroxy-1,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl anthraquinone), an anthraquinone derivative isolated from the seeds of Cassia tora L., has been studied by DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-311+g(2df,p)//B3LYP/6–31G(d,p) level in vacuum and in methanol polarized continuum model (PCM). Eight conformers have been located by conformational search and optimization. Our results indicate that the titled compound has planar structures, and five intramolecular hydrogen bonds are found in the lowest-energy structure, including three OH⋯O and two CH⋯O hydrogen bonds. The electronic spectra in methanol have been determined by the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) approach, showing that the first singlet exited state of the title compound arises from π → π* electron transition. The antioxidant activity of aurantio-obtusin is evaluated by means of calculating O−H bond dissociated enthalpy (BDE) and the adiabatic ionization energy (IE). The calculated BDE and IE values of aurantio-obtusin are 341.8 and 732.3 kJ mol-1, respectively, lower than the corresponding values of phenol (348.4 and 801.7 kJ mol-1) and purpurin (360.4 and 747.8 kJ mol-1), suggesting that aurantio-obtusin is a better antioxidant.


Hydгocarbon spills cause 111arine pollution and those spills occur due to tanker accidents, ballasting, flushing of refi11eгy pla11ts, offshore dгilling and pumping, shippiпg activities, реtго\ешn transporting, polluted riveгs , industrial and domestic efflueпt . Various 111ariлe orgaпisms suc\1 as pJankton, algae and fish may Ъе affected Ьу mariлe pol\L1t i oп . As а signatory to the Iпterпatioпa] Coпventioп fог t\1e Pгevention of Pollution tro111 Ships, (MARPOL 73/78), and as а 111ember state of the lnterпational Maгitiшe Oгgaпization (IMO); TL1гkey is oЬ\igated to estaЬ\ish po1i гeception facilities for ship-generated waste. As an initial step, Tuгkey is coпsideгing tl1e estaЬ\ishment of sL1ch faciJities in а\\ Tшkish poгts. At present, even in some Ешореап countries that аге paiiies to the MARPOL 73/78 Convention lack port waste faciJities, leaviпg the countгies vLilлeгable to po\1utioп from solid апd oily wastes that may Ье disposed at sea. These wastes are traпsported Ьу wind апd сште11ts to shores often iп locatioпs distant fго111 the original source, causing seiious polJLition. Iп this рарег authois discuss the estaЬ\ishшent of а рогt receptioп taciJity in the RepL1Ь\ic of Тшkеу. The autl10гs collaboгated to develop а waste reception taci1ity fог the Рогt of lzmiг апd its


This study has been undertaken an empirical study on semi-robust form of market efficiency of CNX NIFTY and Sectoral Indices of National Stock Exchange using two models pair wise granger causality test, ARCH and GARCH effect. To test the cause and effect relationship between the sectoral indices in NSE market. To verify the volatility of shares turnover of selected NSE sectors. For the very purpose daily time series data has been arranged from January 2012 to August2018.


Considering Mumbai 26/11 a 'watershed' event in the trajectory of Indo-Pak relations, this study locates the post 26/11 events in its backdrop. These attacks act as a contextual frame as this episode while the centrality of India Pakistan in South Asian discourse plays a consequential role in shaping this study. Multiple dimensions of a social reality called Indo-Pak relations have thus been re-created and constructed for the public in two countries. However, as India and Pakistan relations are marked by frequent developments, the study has focused on analysing media portrayal of a significant event post Mumbai attacks which was the first meeting between the highest leadership from two countries after 26/11. This paper attempts to analyse some attributes of the media representation of Sharm el-Sheikh talks, which were held in 2009 attempts at understating the nature of coverage given to it. The findings and analyses will contribute towards understanding the media psychology regarding the studied event in particular and Indo-Pak relations in general. IndexTerms Times of India, Indian Express, Indo-Pak relations, Sharm el-Sheikh, Mumbai Attacks.


The photocatalytic activity of Tin Cadmium Sulfide was investigated under the visible light irradiation for the production of hydrogen by means of water splitting. Synthesis of nanocomposite was carried out hydrothermal method. The nanocomposite was characterized for investigating the physico-chemical properties. An instrumental analysis confirmed the formation of nanocomposite with the uniform size and having a relatively low band gap 2.86 eV. The morphology shows spherical shape with aggregated as a nanocluster. The nanocomposite as demonstrated the photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production around 265ml. The composite have shown great promising potential for the production of hydrogen by water splitting.


Testing in support of the FFTF program has been completed except for 11 compression set tests to be concluded in January 1975. Two types of seal tests were run in the program: demonstration tests and information tests. The demonstration tests evaluated the performance of various seal types when tested under conditions representative of those specified for FFTF seal design conditions. Demonstration tests were about 6 months in duration for each group of test seals. Information tests measured the short-term performance of various seal types under broader ranges of seal variable conditions, to determine appropriate new guidelines and/or seal standards for use in the design of current or future reactor systems. The CRBRP inflatable seals and the turntable assembly were removed as a fully assembled unit from the seal drive system and set up for a long-term, elevated temperature, storage test.


A recent study, which provided theoretical justifications to show that the assimilation of radiances and retrievals can be equivalent when some key requirements are met – namely when remote‐sounding data are related to model variable perturbations in an approximately linear way and when the same prior constraints are used to solve the inverse problem – has brought new insight into the problem of how to assimilate satellite measurements in numerical weather prediction. In this article, we explore this new theoretical framework in practical terms and investigate the viability of assimilating transformed retrievals from hyperspectral infrared sounders such as the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) in an optimal way. First, the dependence of a measure of information content of temperature‐ and humidity‐sensitive observations from IASI in clear‐sky conditions on the forecast (or 'background') uncertainty used to constrain the retrievals is assessed. Subsequently, numerical comparisons between profiles obtained from direct radiance assimilation and those obtained from assimilating appropriately transformed retrievals are performed, for different atmospheric conditions. By making use of the new concept of degrees‐of‐freedom (DFS) weighting function, it is shown that the background error covariance matrix plays a crucial role in determining the conditions for equivalence between assimilation of radiances and transformed retrievals. The numerical comparisons confirm the theoretical results stating that the temperature and humidity profiles obtained from both the direct assimilation of radiances and the assimilation of transformed retrievals are equal within the analysis error as long as the same prior constraints are used. Finally, when the prior differs, it is shown how the characteristics of background error matrices are crucial to guarantee the numerical equivalence between the two methods; the best is when the background matrix utilised to calculate the transformed retrievals is characterised by larger variances than the one utilised in the assimilation.


We establish that the Einstein tensor takes on a highly symmetric form near the Killing horizon of any stationary but non-static (and non-extremal) black hole spacetime. [This follows up on a recent article by the current authors, gr-qc/0402069, which considered static black holes.] Specifically, at any such Killing horizon -- irrespective of the horizon geometry -- the Einstein tensor block-diagonalizes into ``transverse'' and ``parallel'' blocks, and its transverse components are proportional to the transverse metric. Our findings are supported by two independent procedures; one based on the regularity of the on-horizon geometry and another that directly utilizes the elegant nature of a bifurcate Killing horizon. It is then argued that geometrical symmetries will severely constrain the matter near any Killing horizon. We also speculate on how this may be relevant to certain calculations of the black hole entropy.


We present a high precision lumped parameter model for efficient prediction of the resonant frequencies and coupling of cantilevered piezoelectric energy harvesters in absence of tip mass. Correction factors for the existing lumped parameter model are derived by comparing with the highly accurate distributed parameter model of cantilevered harvesters. First, a correction factor is defined for uncoupled lumped parameter model to predict the natural frequencies. Finally, the coupled lumped parameter model is subjected to a unified correction factor to accurately predict both the resonant frequencies and electrical outputs. The unified correction factor is derived by unifying the frequency and amplitude correction factors. The calculated outputs are in good agreement with the experimental results available in the literature.


The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of relative humidity (RH) on development of the chilling injury (CI) symptoms and the shelf life of cucumber fruits. The fruits were stored at 5°C with RH conditions set at high (99%), medium (80%) and low (60%) for 5 days. During storage, gas composition in the chamber was maintained as same as ambient. After storage at 5°C, the fruits were stored at room temperature (24.5°C) for 6 days to check shelf life. Fruits were weighed before and after storage at 5°C to determine weight loss. Skin colour, firmness, electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were also evaluated before and after storage at 5°C, as well as every 2 days during shelf life period. The water loss of fruit was suppressed at high RH compared with low or medium RH after storage. Skin colour change (L*, C*, h°) was also maintained at high RH after storage 5°C. In addition, yellowing index increased rapidly of the fruits stored at low RH during shelf life period, while at medium and high RH was supressed at early stage of storage but increased thereafter. No significant different in the firmness was observed after storage at 5°C and during shelf life period. The electrolyte leakage and MDA content which are an indicator of cell membrane damage caused by CI of the fruits stored at low and medium RH increased significantly within 5°C storage period, while at high RH was supressed, however, after storage at 5°C, significant different was not found among them. During shelf life condition, the increase of electrolyte leakage had similar trends with MDA content, which these values increased rapidly of the fruits stored at low RH. While, on the fruits stored at medium RH, the increase of electrolyte leakage and MDA content was observed on the last day of shelf life condition, conversely, these values were supressed of the fruits stored at high RH. These results suggest that controlled RH during distribution process in low temperature is critical due to influence development of CI and acceptable quality of fruit. Storage at high RH not only suppressed the water loss, but also minimized the CI symptoms.


Introduction: Country-specific evidence shows that Nigeria has the largest population at risk of malaria in Africa. Primary healthcare facilities play a major role in malaria control and often provide the bulk of malaria case management services. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in primary healthcare centers (PHCs) in three Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Ogun state. A pretested observational checklist adapted from the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) guideline was used to assess the health facilities, commodities, and supplies for malaria case management in all the PHCs. Results: A total of 75 PHCs were visited in the three LGAs. Only 32.0% of the PHCs had long lasting insecticide nets (LLINs) on the hospital beds. The majority (74.7 and 60.0%) of the PHCs distributed LLINs at antenatal care (ANC) and during immunization. The availability of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) was good in 57.3% of the PHCs, and directly observed therapy of SP at ANC was good in 59.3% of the PHCs. Only 6.7% of the PHCs had the light microscope. There was availability of rapid diagnostic test kits in 62.7% of the PHCs. There was regular supply of artemisinin-based combination therapy in almost half of the PHCs. However, only 5.3% of the PHCs had quinine tablets available and only one of the PHCs had the correct prescription of quinine. Conclusion: There should be adequate and regular supplies of NMCP commodities in the PHCs if the country is to achieve the general objective of the current National Malaria Strategic Plan.


Land a terra firm that is important for each and every one, each one us is demanding land for work, for life for surviving, and even for death. Everything could be done on the peace of land. The power of land (PROPERTY) that speaks everything about any one, that defines who is reach and who is power. The rich person is working day harder to become richer and poorer person is working day and night to get at least a piece of land. For a common man property i.e land that is more important than anything else. People are working to procure, preserve his or her family. But think for a while when your property or land is taken by fraud or misrepresenting the facts , that is the situation when everything had been taken from you , the same thing has happened when Yamuna expressway was formed , the waste area were taken from the farmers and they were not given proper remuneration for their land . They were misrepresented by the corrupted people they want to cheat the innocent people and they have done the same. Under this project a huge scam was noticed by yogi government that was 126 crores, that was a big amount that was wasted and eaten by the Yamuna express way authority. when people came to


Two new dammarane‐type triterpenoid saponins, 3β‐(α‐l‐arabinopyranosyloxy)‐24,25‐dihydroxydammar‐20‐en‐12α‐yl 6‐deoxy‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (1) and (24R)‐3β‐[(4‐O‐acetyl‐α‐l‐arabinopyranosyl)oxy]‐25‐hydroxy‐20,24‐epoxydammaran‐12β‐yl 6‐deoxy‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (2), and fourteen known triterpenoids were isolated from the 70 % MeOH extract of the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus. Their structures were established based on analyses of spectroscopic data. All compounds were tested for their inhibitory activities against the 11β‐HSD1 enzyme. Hederagenin (13) exhibited moderate inhibitory effect for mouse 11β‐HSD1 with an IC50 value of 0.16±0.04 μM.


Abstract: Background: The scientific value of a study is determined by various factors, but to a major extent by the design of a study too. Methods: Ex post, it is difficult to correct errors in study design completely. Therefore, various mathematical aspects of a design of a study are discussed in this article. Results: Under conditions of causal investigations, it is appropriate to assure a study design with p(IOI) = 0. The relative risk and the odds ratio are not for sure logically consistent. Conclusion: A study of causal relationships properly planned should comply with p(IOI) = 0 as much as possible.


The paper analyzes the scores in the final of the 16th World Cup and puts forward some suggestions for training.


H. J. TEMPLETON, M. D. (3115 Webster Street, Oakland).-The disapproval by the essayists of the theory that actinomycosis is caused by the chewing of straws, etc., illustrates the point that was recently made in the article, "The Perpetuation of Error in Dermatological Teaching," for this theory has been handed down from textbook to textbook. In view of the reported excellent results in treatment of blastomycosis and coccidioidal granuloma by means of potassium antimony tartrate intravenously, it might be well to try this drug in actinomycosis.


To improve the resource utilization of traditional two-way wireless relay system, an optimal power allocation (OPA) algorithm for a space-time cooperative network coding scheme employing amplify-and-forward protocol (AF-ST-CNC) is proposed. The system performance in terms of outage probability and its approximation in high signal-to-noise (SNR) regimes are first derived, and by minimizing the larger outage probability of the two sources with respect to the characteristic of network coding, optimal power factors are obtained for some special cases are presented. The proposed algorithm only needs the average channel gain information and has low computation complexity, which facilitates the practical implementation. Simulation results show that the proposed AF-ST-CNC with OPA algorithm outperforms the AF-ST-CNC with equal power allocation (EPA) algorithm and the space-time cooperative network coding scheme employing amplify-and-forward protocol (DF-ST-CNC) with OPA algorithm in terms of outage performance.


The invention provides a unipolar SPWM (Sine Pulse Width Modulation) dead-time-free modulation method of an H-bridge cascade multilevel converter. The method realizes the dead-time-free control of a chopper arm of the H-bridge converter through a digital logical circuit and certain dead time is set for a direction arm of the H-bridge converter only at every half working frequency cycle, so that the problem that the voltage on the direct-current side of the H-bridge cascade multilevel converter and the harmonic content of output current is influenced due to the dead time can be ignored. By introducing a control signal, the direction arm and the chopper arm realize interchange by taking two-divided frequency of working frequency as a cycle, the problem that the action of the switching device of the H-bridge converter is unbalanced under the situation of unipolar SPWM dead-time-free control is effectively solved, the thermal stability is good and the heat dissipation design and the long-term operation of the device are facilitated.


II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS III TABLE OF CONTENTS IV LIST OF TABLES X TABLE OF FIGURES X ACRONYMS XIII CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.


Spatial variability of slab stability in avalanche start zones has been observed by avalanche professionals but little research has been published that shows the amount or causes of this variability, or patterns of stability. A quantitative variation of the compression test was refined to test stability many times within a few hours. Each of these tests consists of an annular brass weight dropped from 5 to 55 cm in 5 cm increments, down a guide rod onto a 30 cm by 30 cm rigid plate until fracture occurred in the weak layer. Between December 2000 and April 2002, thirty-nine spatial arrays were conducted on slabs in the Columbia Mountains of British Columbia. Each array consisted of between 40 and 120 drop hammer tests, each conducted in a single day in an avalanche start zone. Many arrays show relatively consistent stability within the start zone. Clusters of low or high scores (stability) ranging in size upwards from 2 m were observed in some of the arrays.


Maximal clique enumeration(MCE) is a fundamental problem in graph theory. It plays a vital role in many network analysis applications like community detection using social networks and also in computational biology problems like 3D protein structure alignment. MCE is a well studied problem. A number of sequential algorithms have been proposed to solve the problem such as the well known BK algorithm. A few parallel algorithms to solve the problem have been proposed most of which are based on the sequential BK algorithm. These algorithms are primarily designed for the distributed architectures. We propose a novel parallel algorithm, pbitMCE, and provide implementation of this algorithm on multicore distributed memory architectures. The sequential version of pbitMCE outperforms all known sequential MCE algorithms and pbitMCE also scales well on the above mentioned architectures. The two key ideas behind our algorithm are: (i) incorporating degeneracy ordering which helps in balancing the work load among the processing units (ii) design and use of a new data structure, partial bit adjacency matrix, that reduces the active memory usage resulting in a cache friendly algorithm. We have implemented our algorithm on a multicore machine with 32 cores and a cluster with 32 nodes which has 128 cores in total. We used the graphs from various collections including Stanford large network collection and University of Florida sparse matrix collection with the largest graph having 3.8 million vertices and 16.5 million edges. We observe good scalability: up to 31 on multicore and up to 106 on the cluster. These scalability results are more impressive noting that the sequential version of our parallel algorithm either outperforms or is close to all the known sequential algorithms. Keywords-maximal clique; parallel; multicore; distributed memory; BK;


Online shopping is a latest trend in the field of e-commerce and is definitely going to be the future of shopping in the world. Most of the companies are running their online portals to sell their products/services online. Though online shopping is familiar in the developed countries, its growth in Indian Market, which is a large in population and strategic consumer market, is still not aligned with the global market. But, India is exhibiting a high degree of internet penetration with the use of higher bandwidth facilities, lower tariff rates and cheaper hardware. The potential growth of online shopping has generated the idea of conducting a study on online shopping in India. The current research paper has used Qualitative and Quantitative research methods to study the impact of Demographic factors of Indian consumers on online shopping behaviour. Parameters like satisfaction with online shopping, future purchase intention, frequency of purchase, number of items purchased, and overall expend on online shopping. Data was collected through Questionnaires on a sample of 580 respondents from major cities like New Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Bangalore and Chennai. The results of study revealed that online shopping in India is significantly affected by various Demographic factors like age, gender, marital status, family size, education, and income. The results of this study could be used by the researchers and consultants for conducting future studies in this area. Key Terms: India, Online shopping, Demographic factors, Consumer buying behaviour


Self-care, capability in performing certain activity in maintaining well-being in daily life, was regarded important especially among people with long-term condition such as diabetes. Locus of control and self-efficacy are among the self-agency factors that might influence how people engage with daily self-care activity in diabetes management. While, Javanese and Islamic values and norms are other parts of structure that support the effort. This study aimed to seek further into the experiences and perceptions among the Javanese Muslim on how they managed to do self-care in diabetes management. The study was done utilizing a mixed method approach with the usage of the Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activity (SDSCA) questionnaire to measure the level of self-care and followed by further interview to dig deeper into the perception and experiences and what are the opportunity or obstacle in performing daily self-care. A convenient sample of 100 participants has filled the questionnaires, with further 24 interviews. The study identified the moderate self-care practices as a separate notion, instead of an integrated and comprehensive concept amid the unavailability of a structured education program. Five themes were generated from the interviews, those are: education and knowledge, being in or out of control, Javanese way – sensitivity and surrender, peace of mind and role of Allah or God, and poor access to health care.


A comprehensive examination of different forms of identity theft and its economic impact, including profiles of perpetrators and victims and coverage of current trends, security implications, prevention efforts, and legislative actions. * Includes a chronology of key decisions, cases, and government action in the development of identity theft policy * Offers a list of key terms that will help the reader to better understand the sometimes unique language of crimes


To the extent that the social sciences have been concerned with thestratification of Latin American societies they have shown a well-knowntendency to dichotomize their structures into a small upper class of wealthy and powerful landowners and a poor and powerless lower class hetero-geneously composed of rural workers, urban proletarians, petty traders, artisans, and the like. As a rule, the emergence of new classes and thegrowing internal differentiation of emergent or traditional classes are somewhat reluctantly admitted only as the societies of Latin America have demonstrated the ability to depart from their agrarian tradition and topursue the irreversible course of modernization. There has been a strong inclination to ignore or to minimize those aspects of the social structure which suggest a higher degree of complexity than the stereotype of a two-class system seems to indicate.


During the last 100 years many naturalists have observed and shown interest in the Upland Plover (Bartramia longicauda), but until quite recently this interest was mainly con¬ cerned with recording distribution, migration phenology and bird num¬ bers. Several detailed investigations during the last 25 years, however, have added materially to our knowl¬ edge of Upland Plover biology and ecology and have permitted a better understanding of this species' require¬ ments and the reasons for its general decline in numbers in North America during the early decades of the present century.


Objective: Injury of the mammillothalamic tract (MTT) has been suggested as one of the plausible pathogenic mechanisms of memory impairment in patients with thalamic hemorrhage; however, it has not been clearly demonstrated so far. We attempted to investigate whether injury of the MTT documented by diffusion tensor tractography following thalamic hemorrhage correlates with cognitive impairment. Methods: We recruited 22 patients with a thalamic hemorrhage and 20 control subjects. MTTs were reconstructed using the probabilistic tractography method. Patients were classified into two subgroups: reconstructed group, patients whose MTT was reconstructed in the affected hemisphere, and non-reconstructed group, patients whose MTT was not reconstructed. Results: Mammillothalamic tract was reconstructed in 5 (22.7%, reconstructed group) patients in the affected hemisphere and was not reconstructed in the remaining 17 patients (77.3%, non-reconstructed group). In addition, the MTT was not reconstructed even in the unaffected hemisphere in four patients (23.5%) in non-reconstructed group. Fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity values of the affected hemisphere in reconstructed group also did not show significant differences from those in the unaffected hemisphere of reconstructed group and the control group (p > 0.05). However, the tract volume of the affected hemisphere in reconstructed group was significantly lower than that of the unaffected hemisphere in reconstructed group and the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: A large portion of patients with thalamic hemorrhage appeared to suffer severe injury of the ipsilesional MTT (77.3%) and 18.2% of them appeared to suffer severe injury even in the contralesional MTT. In addition, the remaining 22.7% of patients who had preserved integrity of the ipsilesional MTT appeared to suffer partial injury of the ipsilesional MTT.


The utility model discloses a splash-proof dispersing machine which comprises a base and a cross rod arranged on the base, wherein a rotating shaft is arranged at one end of the cross rod, a dispersing blade is arranged at the bottom of the rotating shaft, and a baffle plate is arranged on the rotating shaft above the dispersing blade and is detachably connected with the rotating shaft. The baffle plate is positioned above the dispersing blade, when the splash-proof dispersing machine works, the dispersing blade is positioned in a material barrel, the baffle plate covers a barrel opening in the material barrel, and materials come across the bottom surface of the baffle plate when outwards splashing and return to the material barrel due to the existence of the baffle plate.


Damage caused by spittlebugs reducing pasture stocking densities, is of great importance in several Central and South-American countries. The present work was conducted, in order to obtain further elements which could be useful in developing strategies for the control of such insects. The objective was to evaluate damage caused by the adult of  Zulia entreriana (Berg 1879) (Homoptera: Cercopidae) in the production and quality of  Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. cv. Basilisk. Four population densities were evaluated (zero, 25, 50 and 100 adults/square meter) with the use of cages. Plants within these cages were cut at a standard height of 25 cm. Infestations were maintained for ten days. After this period, evaluations for production and quality were undertaken. Significant reductions (P <0.05) in production were observed. The density of 25 adults/m 2 reduced by 30% dry matter production of  B. decumbens. In relation to forage quality, the insects reduced, significantly (P <0.05), levels of crude protein, phosphorous, calcium, magnesium and potassium, and increased (P <0.05) dry matter and fiber contents.


A detailed analysis of the Seljuk inscriptions from the citadel of the Black Sea port of Sinop serves as the basis for a discussion of Anatolian Seljuk history, epigraphy, citadel architecture, and military and administrative organization and patronage. Because all of these inscriptions date to a 6 month period in the year 1215, they offer a circumscribed but profound introduction to these issues at one time and in one place.


We aimed to present the radiologic characteristics of maxillofacial soft tissue calcifications with a comparison of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and panoramic radiography (PR) findings.


Rare earth activated nanophosphors have attracted extensive attention because of their potential applications in lighting,display and fluorescence bio-label,and also of their elementary importance on understanding of the 4fN electronic transition properties of rare earth ions in nanosized particles.In the latest ten years,a great number of improvements have been achieved in this field.In this review article,we mainly present some important research results on photoluminescence properties of rare earth doped oxide nanophosphors.The contents concern exciton and charge transfer transitions,symmetry sites and local environments surrounding rare earth ions,radiative transition and nonradiative relaxation processses on 4fN states,temprature-quenching and concentration-quenching of luminescence,energy transfer among rare earths,electron-phonon coupling,ultravoilet irradiation induced spectral change and etc.Besides,the luminescence properties of rare earth actived one-dimensional oxide nanowires(tubes,rods)and upconversion nanophosphors were introduced independently.It is expected that more universal conclusions relative to nanoparticle size and structure on the photoluminescence of rare earth actived nanoparticles can be drawn,however,it should be noted that some results introduced here might be still controversal,because some photoluminescence properties depend strongly on the preparation technique and detailed conditions.


ABSTRACT The recent Ohio TORIS study indicated that some five billion barrels of crude oil remain in oil reservoirs in the Appalachian Basin portion of Ohio. Economically successful Ohio enhanced oil recovery (EOR) projects have been very limited when compared to activity in other states and few operators and technical personnel in the State have developed working experiences with EOR applications. It is the object of this paper to provide some general ideas and guidelines for oil and gas personnel in Ohio that might be the basis to further consider specific reservoirs in which economically successful EOR projects could be implemented. Waterflooding is the most economical and likely process for consideration at this time due to the lack of other type of EOR success in Ohio and the comparatively low price of crude oil. Therefore, this presentation will focus on water- flooding but many of the items discussed could be applicable to other EOR processes.


The HIV/AIDS infected people can live healthy lives for longer if proper care and support is provided. Their immune system can be strengthened by medical treatment, healthy food, regular exercise, and peaceful rest. Emotional support and a positive attitude will help the PLWHAS to avoid mental disorders. His vulnerability is mostly in low socio-economic families. Stigma and discrimination thus surroundings HIV/AIDS makes the HIV infected people's life more difficult and also for their families. Anxiety, stress, mental confusion, depression, memory loss can make HIV/AIDS people more vulnerable to illness if they do not secure any kind of support. PLWHAS needs a lot of emotional, spiritual, psychological, social, physical, clinical, and nursing care, mostly the male infected persons are eligible for secure community home based care then female due to social stigma and therefore the women are denied dignity and self respect. The support groups organized by the welfare organization helped the PLWHAS in some extent to overcome the psychological problems. The Government Welfare Schemes is a hardship for the low socio-economic section in order to avail benefits. The combat of HIV/AIDS can be eradicated fully from the society by the joint ventures of all sections of people in the world. HIV positive people live in a negative psychological condition in our society; it is the responsibility of each and every individual, family, and society to provide psychological support. The major objectives of this paper are—to study the psychological situation of HIV positive patients, study the reduction of sexually transmitted diseases transmission, reduce stigma attached with disease in youth, and to study the impact of HIV/AIDS on health.


Growing out of nothing, industrial system of pesticide industry in China, including production of raw pesticide, formulated preparation, raw material and intermediate and RD, has been founded. It can meet the requirements of domestic agricultural production. Problems exist in China's pesticide industry as follows: outdated assortment of products, unreasonable product mix, backward production technology, poor quality in product, scattered and small sized enterprises, construction of plant in serious repetition and insufficient funds for RD. Some suggestions are also supposed in this article.


Reclaiming lands mined for lignite in east Texas requires large inputs of N fertilizers. However little is known about the relative effects of NH 4 + -N vs. urea-N on nitrifying bacteria and rates of nitrification in soils undergoing reclamation. We conducted a field study to determine nitrification potentials, enumerate nitrifying bacteria and to determine the relationship between the two in mixed-overburden. Newly leveled and 1- to 8-yr-old spoils near Fairfield, TX, were fertilized with 244 kg N ha -1 of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 (AS) or urea and concentrations of NH 4 + , NO 2 - , and NO 3 - in the overburden were monitored. Nitrification potentials and most probable numbers (MPN) of NH 4 + - and NO 2 - -oxidizing bacteria were measured. Nitrification potentials were lowest in fresh spoil and increased with age of site. Nitrification rates at the 1-yr-old site were equivalent to those at an adjacent unmined site. Nitrification of NH 4 + -N and urea-N occurred at similar rates in the field (means 2.6 and 2.7 mg NO 3 - -N kg -1 soil d -1 , respectively) but there tended to be more NO 3 - in spoil fertilized with urea. Nitrifiers regained pre-mining levels within one year ranging from log 10 MPN 3 to 6 g -1 . Nitrifiers were least abundant at the fresh site (log 10 3) but were similar at the other sites ranging from log 10 5 to 6. Numbers of nitrifying bacteria and nitrification potentials were highly correlated (r = 0.75 to 0.94). Urea and AS produced similar responses for the parameters measured, indicating urea to be as suitable an N source as AS in the reclamation process.


Comparable composite measures of powerlessness felt toward the work organization and toward society were related to a modified version of Blauner's occupational typology using data from four companies. These analyses indicate that (1) degree of powerlessness workers felt in their work organization and in their society was not related to their type of work, and (2) there were no significant differences in the degree of powerlessness which workers felt in their work organization and in their society.


A circularly polarized microstrip antenna for global positioning system aims is proposed. This work presents the design of a dual-feed patch, which operates at single band (L1) of 1575 MHz. Circular polarization is achieved directly by the dual-feeding technique of a square patch through microstrip lines. The geometrical emplacement of the lines and the feeding point had been chosen in such a matter for the generated waves to be ninety degrees out of phase. The antenna is matched for 50 ohm input impedance, with 1.3% matching bandwidth and 0.63% right-hand circular polarization bandwidth. Good agreement between simulation and measurement was achieved.


Based on the missile-ground communications link and the use of the inertial navigation system with high accuracy in a short time,two new models and improving methods for time delay compensation of guidance command at terminal guidance were put forward.Through Simulink simulation,how the terminal landscape orientation accuracy was influenced was found along with the change of distances and commands.After improvable thoughts of time delay compensation were applied,the terminal landscape orientation accuracy was improved and the reasons were analyzed.The simulation results proved the efficiency of the method.


This invention provides a method for manufacturing a magnetoresistive element that has a higher MR ratio than existing magnetoresistive elements. A magnetoresistive-element manufacturing method in one embodiment of this invention has the following steps: a step (S13) in which a tunnel barrier layer is formed on top of a substrate that has a free layer or a reference layer formed on the surface thereof; a step (S14) in which, after the step in which the tunnel barrier layer is formed, the substrate is cooled; a step (S15) in which, after the step in which the substrate is cooled, either a free layer or a reference layer, namely whichever was not formed on the substrate, is formed on top of the tunnel barrier layer; and a temperature-raising step (S16) in which, after the step in which either a free layer or a reference layer, namely whichever was not formed on the substrate, is formed, the temperature of the substrate is raised.