The use of ontologies in various applications such as information retrieval, indexing and annotation of resources, knowledge representation, etc. proved to be very advantageous. However, the process of building ontologies poses several research problems in the absence of a standardized methodology supported by the scientific community. The role of this paper is to propose an approach for converting a thesaurus to domain ontology. It is specifically to convert terms into concepts and thesaurus relations into semantic relations.


We investigated the operational characteristics of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, which has an unstable resonator with a GRM(Gaussian reflectivity mirror). With electrical input energy of 55 J, we obtained the fundamental energy of 470 mJ at 1064 nm and the frequency doubled energy of 280 mJ at 532 nm. The Top-Hat profile of the output beam was obtained at the near field, and beam divergence was 1.7 mard.


The English Reformation got closely involved in England's political conflicts during the 1640s. In pursuit of the completion of the English Reformation, Milton wrote five antiprelatical pamphlets. Since prelacy in the Church of England coexisted with kingship, his antiprelatical polemic was necessarily political in nature. It can be understood in the context of Milton's contemporary political circumstances in England that his revolutionary ideas found a breakthrough in the English Reformation. As Milton found no other fundamental change in the English Reformation but the transfer of power from the pope to the king, he argued that each individual Christian's faith should not be controled by any external authority, whether kingship or prelacy. Of Reformation does not argue for the church's independence from kingship but its independency from prelacy. In Of Prelatical Episcopacy, Milton's attitude toward kingship seems positive rather than negative. But Animadversions and An Apology anticipate his future career as a political revolutionary, as he attacks his opponents by the use of poignant language and pungent satire. In The Reason of Church-Government, Milton again argues for church-government against prelacy. As he thinks that prelacy governs religious affairs in each individual church by its collaboration with the secular political system, he excludes the intervention of secular politics in the affairs of each church. Ironically, Milton implicitly reveals his interest in politics, while he excludes politics from church-government. So, his antiprelatical ideas can be summed up in his confidence in religious freedom, which in turn leads to his later pursuit of political freedom during the Puritan Revolution. While Milton's abandonment of a clerical career can be attributed to his denial of prelatical church-government, it shows his increasing interest in political issues outside of the church. As Milton regards prelacy as religious tyranny to oppress each believer's faith, his interest in church-government in opposition to prelacy extends to his later interest in people's political freedom in opposition to monarchism.


Study college students' academic honesty can help us purify the academic environment and improve academic quality.Research of American college students' academic dishonesty shows that American college students' academic dishonesty is very serious,and there are many forms,including academic dishonesty because of subjective ignorance and academic dishonesty in order to achieve their own purpose and so on.Therefore,American colleges have adopted a series of measures to prevent this:develop academic honesty education from the freshmen, carry out various forms of publicity and education activities,establish the academic honor system,set up the academic dishonesty combating website,apply new network technologies to strengthen the supervision,establish specialized academic dishonesty committees.


Since the isolation of Helicobacter pylori in humans, many new Helicobacter species have been isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of animals. Morphologica l, epidemiological and genotypic data strongly sugg est the involvement of Helicobacter species from domestic animals in gastric (" H. heilmannii "), enteric (H. cinaedi , H. fennelliae, H. pullorum, "Flexispira rappini ") and hepatic disease ( H. bilis, H. pullorum, "Flexispira rappini ") in humans. In this paper, a review of the literatur e addressing the current knowledge about epidemiolo gy, diagnosis, pathogenesis and therapy of these infect ions is given.


Until Process and Reality – An Essay in Cosmology (1929) by Alfred North Whitehead (1861-1947) was translated into Portuguese, four other works had been previously translated, proving Portuguese people had a persistent interest in the thought of a philosopher who is probably the last and most important speculative thinker of the 20th century. Yet, Processo e Realidade – Ensaio de Cosmologia hopefully stands as a turning point in Whiteheadian reception in Portugal; on the hand, it was publishe...


Hydrolyses of trimesitylgallium and -aluminum were monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy in the temperature range −60 °C to room temperature using deuterated THF as solvent. The first intermediate of th...


Teaching and Research Complex of Tongji University is a complex high-rise building structure with characteristic of plane irregularity and vertical irregularity.This structure represents obvious torsion effect when earthquakes occur.It brings very great challenges to the structural system selection and structural design.The traditional layout of brace system such as steel brace and vertical continuous brace are not the best method.In this paper,the layout of vertical continuous steel brace and the layout of vertical discontinuous steel brace are studied and their good points and bad points are aualysed.To overcome the shortage of these two kinds of steel brace systems,viscous damper brace and buckling-restrained brace are studied in this paper.Comprehensive analysis shows that energy dissipation brace can beused to improve earthquake-resistant and torsion resistant performance of discontinuous layout of steel brace due to the consideration of architectural coordination,especially the viscous damper brace.


Introduction As the optical networking market shifts focus to meet the demands of the access and datacom applications, different requirements for transimpedance amplifiers (TIAs) are evolving. In particular, short-reach applications, such as MAN and 10.3 Gigabit Ethernet, require lower cost, a lower voltage supply and reduced dc power levels. The long-haul applications still require higher receiver sensitivity, overload and transimpedance gain, but at reduced cost and lower dc power levels. The requirements for the high speed 40 Gb/s market are even more challenging. The disparate TIA requirements brought on by the evolving fiber market cannot be optimally satisfied by one sole technology or design.


: Tangerang is one region in Banten Province Indonesia that has high earthquake potential because its located in the confluence zone of three continental tectonic plates that are continuously moving actively. Analysis of soil dynamic response is important as the first step in the earthquake-resistant structure's design. This study is aimed to give some descriptions of soil dynamics response results from a certain area due to seismic impulse. Seismic hazard analysis in this study used the Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) method, while the earthquake acceleration profile and their response spectra have resulted from analysis of wave propagation theory with the assistance of NERA software. Based on the analysis result it can be concluded that the characteristics of the soil for the Tangerang region can be categorized as medium soil class. Earthquake acceleration value at bedrock was obtained in a range of values between 0.11g to 0.21g (g= gravity acceleration), while at the ground surface, the acceleration value was in the range of 0.18g to 0.38g. Based on the seismic zones, Tangerang Region can be included in the yellow zone according to the Indonesian Earthquake Map.


The price and revenue of rice are expected to decrease due to increasing rice imports, decreasing consumption and the discontinuance of the government's rice procurement. This degenerating profitability is leading to a rise in the cultivation of upland-crops such as beans, fodder crops and fruits in paddy fields. However, there is a lack of research on the selection of rice substitute crops which are adaptable to the relevant region through profitability analysis. This research, therefore, analyzed investment profitability of rice substitute crops for Cheorwon-gun area in Kangwon province. The study applied net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR), which fit for mutually exclusive investments that make one selection to the exclusion of other crops. Target crops are green house plants in Cheorwon-gun area. Financial analysis showed paprika and cucumber have investment feasibility for automated vinyl greenhouses and conventional plastic greenhouses respectively.


. It is conjectured that if k is an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 0, then any branched G -cover of smooth projective k -curves where the "KGB" obstruction vanishes and where a p -Sylow subgroup of G is cyclic lifts to characteristic 0. Obus has shown that this conjecture holds given the existence of certain meromorphic differential forms on P 1 k with behavior determined by the ramification data of the cover. We give a more efficient computational procedure to compute these forms than was previously known. As a consequence, we show that all D 25 - and D 27 -covers lift to characteristic zero.


The competitive edge of the sixteen participants was palpable on their third and final attempt to both complete the given task and beat the record they set on their previous attempts. The personalities in the group quickly emerged: the leaders, the followers, the challengers, and those who couldn't care less. On their final attempt, they began to think outside the box and question assumptions as they lay on the floor, using sweaters and around-the-neck nametags, pointing their toes and encouraging each other, to create the longest line possible with their bodies. To the casual observer and perhaps to the participants themselves, this was a fun and exciting way to "break the ice" on a level beyond learning each other's names. After all, this was the third day of an intense four-week summer program for high school students.


It discloses a water filter device including a filter unit and a case for accommodating the reservoir unit, filter unit and a reservoir unit for storing the purified water from the filter unit for purification when supplied with water from an external source. The water filter device may improve the assemblability and reduce the labor costs and material costs, as receiving the filter unit and a reservoir unit in the interior of the case.


President John F. Kennedy laughs at a joke during a brief pause in a Press Conference with representatives of the American Committee on Italian Migration. The meeting was concerning changing immigration laws and would lead to the creation of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965. These meetings coincided with the creation of Kennedy's book,


Even though convergence in regional employment has been a highly debated issue in the literature, the discussion still remains incomplete as far as sectoral and spatial interactions are concerned. This paper is an attempt to uncover the employment convergence problem in Turkey via incorporating time, space and sectoral heterogeneity under the same framework. For comparison purposes, standard absolute convergence model as well as an interaction model which accounts for the sectoral connections is utilized. The model without any spatial, time and sectoral interaction effects indicates convergence in the agriculture and industry sectors whereas no significant divergence and convergence are recorded in the services sector. We argue that exclusion of the relevant factors causes a bias in the estimated effect of initial employment on the growth rate. Hence, for each sectoral equation, the neighborhood and time effects are included via spatial panel data framework. The feasible generalized three stage least squares estimation of random effects panel data model with spatial error components yields similar outcomes as to the simple pooled OLS model. Subsequently, we further allow for the existence of correlation between the estimated spatial panel data models and employ a spatial panel seemingly unrelated regression model, in which each sectoral employment convergence equation is related through the contemporaneous correlation in the disturbances. The estimation results point out a divergent pattern in the agriculture sector and a convergent trend in the services sector, which is in line with the preliminary data analysis and the expectations. Moreover, the interaction model estimated in a spatial panel SUR framework posits that a lower level of agricultural employment in the initial year has ended up with higher levels of employment in services sector.


Abstract The purpose of this paper is to develop both numerical and experimental methods that can be used for easy prediction of vibration characteristics of disk-spindle systems in hard disk drives (HDDs). First, the effective numerical method, i.e., Finite element method (FEM), for the modeling of the whole disks and spindle system under real product constraint conditions has been discussed. So the dynamics properties of the disk-spindle system during the system design can be are analyzed conveniently. Finally, these analytical predictions by FEM are verified through the proposed modal testing setup. The dynamic characteristics of the whole assembly have been measured through externally induced excitations. Results obtained using numerical and experimental methods agree very well. As demonstrated, the numerical methodology, i.e., FEM can provide much detailed information on the design of the disk-spindle system before it is built and tested to confirm the system design.


The relationship between word meaning and its concept is one of the most controversial,as well as the most important and complex questions in linguistics.For the past century,there have been numerous heated discussions about it.But it is nessary to go further.


in 7 5% of cells, del(13q) in 45% of cells and was negative for t(11;14). The patient received a single dose of bendamustine and rituximab, however B-cell lymphocytosis persisted. Upon completion of the 28-d cycle, patient was started on ibrutinib 420 mg/d. The treatment course was complicated by an episode of atrial fibrillation which required a brief interruption of ibrutinib therapy. Upon restarting ibrutinib, his constitutional symptoms resolved with therapy, accompanied by normalization of the absolute lymphocyte count, haemoglobin and platelet count (Fig 1). The patient remains on therapy at 12 months of follow-up with ongoing response. To date, effective treatments for patients with B-PLL have been lacking. Here we demonstrate that ibrutinib induces disease control in B-PLL. Importantly, both patients in this report demonstrated complex cytogenetic abnormalities with aberrations in TP53, both recognized as unfavourable prognostic indicators. Although the second patient had a small aberrant TP53 clone (<10%), recent data indicates that such subclones, even very minor, are an important driver of subsequent disease in CLL (Rossi et al, 2014). Interestingly, we have not observed an increase in lymphocytosis following administration of ibrutinib in patients with B-PLL, contrary to CLL. Given the poor prognosis of B-PLL and lack of effective established treatment modalities, ibrutinib should be considered for upfront therapy of B-PLL. Author contributions


The trial was conducted to study the effects of the different supplementary levels of CCM(0,5%,10%,15% respectively),on performance and immune function in broilers.The results showed that CCM(5%) group and CCM(10%) group increased ADG in 4-6 weeks(p0.05),which CCM(10%) group was the highest,the ADG increased 0.46% compared with the control group.In comparison to the control group and CCM(15%) group,CCM(10%) group decreased FCR 0.51%(p0.05) and 2.98%(p0.05)in 4-6weeks.CCM(5%) group and CCM(10%) group increased cellular and Humoral immune,in which CCM(10%) group increased relative weight of thymus(p0.05),spleen(p0.05) and bursa(p0.05),and increased serum globulin(GLOB)(p0.05).


When I reviewed the first volume of Peck's new edition of CA for JGN in 2001, I welcomed the opportunity that it gave to teach the poem in entire books rather than just selections, and I praised the choice to put the Prologue, Book 1, and Book 8 together in one volume as an ingenious solution to the problem of presenting the poem to beginners. I also commended Andrew Galloway's translations of the complete Latin apparatus. But I had a few reservations. I pointed out the incomplete and to some extent misleading account of the presentation of the text; I felt that Peck could have done a lot more to update Macaulay's punctuation; and I felt that he gave an overly directive reading of the poem in place of a real introduction. The completion of the edition with the appearance of volume 3 offers a chance to reassess both the scheme as a whole and the details of its execution. In some respects the edition has improved as it progressed. There is evidence of much greater care in the preparation of the text, and there are, for instance, more textual notes in vols. 2 and 3 than appeared in vol. 1, and they are far more detailed. There is still, however, no good account of the editorial procedure, a problem that is now only exacerbated by the inconsistencies between the first and the subsequent volumes. Peck claims to have used the Fairfax MS as his "copy text


Abstract Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a group of ubiquitous environmental bacteria that can be found in soil, dust, and water. Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is the most common pathogen and the one most associated with chronic pulmonary disease. In recent years, the prevalence of Mycobacterium avium complex-related pulmonary disease (MAC-PD) has increased and is an emerging public health concern. This is due to a combination of environmental and geographic factors, dynamic changes in organism virulence and antimicrobial susceptibility, and evolving host susceptibility. Given the dynamic nature of the disease, management of NTM pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) often includes a multimodal approach including antimicrobial therapy, airway clearance techniques, limiting environmental exposures, and reducing susceptibility to NTM through prevention of reflux and maintenance of body weight. This review will explore the most recent concepts in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of individuals with NTM pulmonary infection.


Morocco had no Gsell, and therefore no Atlas archeologique. Thus, when Maurice Euzennat became director of the Service des Antiquites in 1954, he saw it as his clear mission to build up a proper corpus of sites by means of survey, aerial photography and excavation. This full and important volume is a record of some of this work, with three main foci: the sites of the Rharb region, the fossatum of Sala, and the sites of the Volubilis area, including a discussion of Volubilis itself. He introduces the volume with a fascinating and personal account of the development of archaeology in Morocco during the period of the French protectorate. He is keenly aware of the methodological limitations of much of the early work and feelingly remarks that 'le poids de J'inedit et du desordonne reste trop lourd' (p. 18); indeed some of his photographs (e.g. Fig. 129) compellingly illustrate a time when 'vingt-cinq a cinquante piocheurs, autant de pelleteurs en appui' were commonplace and 'on ramassait les "beaux" objets, les monnaies et les vases intact: le chef de Service venait une fois par mois, quelquefois plus, pour voir ce qu'on avait trouve' (p. 11). That Euzennat has succeeded brilliantly in bringing academic order to this archaic archaeology redounds, therefore, greatly to his credit. Inevitably, a volume of this sort is a pot-pourri of information and ideas and, as he remarks several times, the moment is far from ripe for a general synthesis. Of the many forts that he discusses (most illustrated by excellent aerial photographs), the plans are far from complete, the chronologies at best provisional and there will doubtless be many more sites to be found. What matters here is the publication of as much detail as possible, including the interesting ditch and wall that appears to protect the southern flank of the ancient city of Sala (which has yielded finds as early as the seventh-sixth century BC). From Flavian pottery found in the bottom of the ditch, he is inclined to associate this 'limes', which stretches for over ten km, with the activities of the legate of the III Augustan legion, Sex. Sentius Caecilianus; he, in AD 75, was charged with reorganising the Mauretanian provinces, and it is certainly conceivable that it was Caecilianus who ordered the construction of these defensive measures. In the Volubilis area survey work between 1955 and 1962 raised the total number of known sites from about 20 to more than 150, a considerable achievement. The range of settlement is of some interest. Volubilis itself (40 ha): Tocolosida (15 ha); Sidi Said (10 ha); two 'bourgades' (3-4 ha); six 'villages' (each c. 1 ha); 20 'hameaux ou de grandes exploitations agricoles'; and about 60 'fermes'. He postulates a complex system of military surveillance, with 'liaisons optiques' (Fig. 204), involving forts, fortlets and towers, an important insight into the region (on which see also R. Rebuffat, 'L'implantation romaine en Mauretanie tingitaine', in L Africa romana (Sassari 1987), 31-78). He is, perhaps, surprisingly, somewhat sceptical about the value of sherd scatters ('jonchees de ceramique': p. 17, n. 41; also p. 292, n. 368) as guides to the identification of sites; but that is a debate that must be pursued amongst those directly involved in fieldwork in the parts of Morocco with which this report is concerned. The volume as a whole is copiously provided with footnotes, which display an extraordinary grasp of the literature from the provinces, not least Britain. He also furnishes many comparative illustrations, ranging from Hadrian's Wall to the eastern limes. In short, the treatment is global, not parochial, and will thus command attention from scholars working in other frontier areas of the Empire. Morocco may still lack its Atlas archeologique, and its authoritative general synthesis; but at least here we are taken considerably further along that road, in itself no small achievement.


In most branches of astronomy, the Earth's atmosphere places a serious limit on the earth-bound astronomer. I t is opaque to y-rays, x-rays and ultraviolet photons and, although transparent to optical photons, resolution is seriously limited by atmospheric seeing. Observations of infrared photons can only be carried out in wave bands that are free of water vapour absorption. To very high energy (VHE) astronomers however, the Earth's atmosphere is essential to their technique, being an integral part of the detector'. This technique, the imaging atmospheric Cerenkov technique, is currently used to detect photons in the range 10l1 to 1013 eV; the VHE regime. The VHE y-rays are not detected directly, but rather through their interactions in the Earth's atmosphere, which is essentially the calorimeter in this technique. VHE y-rays initiate extensive air showers in the Earth's atmosphere, and the charged particles subsequently generated, induce Cerenkov radiation which is detectable on Earth with large optical reflectors. These instruments are not wide-field survey instruments and so, like a conventional optical or radio telescope, they require a predetermined target which, for some reason is predicted to be an emitter of TeV y-rays (Section 2.2). The vast majority (>99%) of extensive air showers that propagate through the Earth's atmosphere are initiated by cosmic rays. Therefore,


The interdependence of luminosity distance, DL and angular diameter distance, DA given by the distance duality relation (DDR) is very significant in observational cosmology. It is very closely tied with the temperature-redshift relation of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation. Any deviation from η(z)≡ DL/DA (1+z)2 =1 indicates a possible emergence of new physics. Our aim in this work is to check the consistency of these relations using a non-parametric regression method namely, LOESS with SIMEX. This technique avoids dependency on the cosmological model and works with a minimal set of assumptions. Further, to analyze the efficiency of the methodology, we simulate a dataset of 020 points of η (z) data based on a phenomenological model η(z)= (1+z)ϵ. The error on the simulated data points is obtained by using the temperature of CMB radiation at various redshifts. For testing the distance duality relation, we use the JLA SNe Ia data for luminosity distances, while the angular diameter distances are obtained from radio galaxies datasets. Since the DDR is linked with CMB temperature-redshift relation, therefore we also use the CMB temperature data to reconstruct η (z). It is important to note that with CMB data, we are able to study the evolution of DDR upto a very high redshift z = 2.418. In this analysis, we find no evidence of deviation from η=1 within a 1σ region in the entire redshift range used in this analysis (0 < z ⩽ 2.418).


When Toys 'R' Us partnered with a new online bookseller called Amazon 18 years ago, it gave the e-commerce fledgling an early boost in its meteoric rise to world dominance.


We establish a general class of reciprocal perfect conductors, namely perfect co-circular polarization (CP) reflector, from which the reflected waves are completely co-polarized when a circularly polarized electromagnetic (EM) wave impinges on it, in contrast to a conventional perfect conductor like a perfect electric conductor (PEC), a perfect magnetic conductor (PMC) or their interpolated version as a perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC). We discuss the impedance boundary conditions and the reflection characteristics of the perfect conductors, including perfect co-CP reflectors and perfect cross-CP reflectors, in terms of a circularly polarized EM wave. We also discuss the realization of one of the perfect co-CP reflectors approximated by coating a layer of anisotropic, yet lossless and reciprocal, material on a PEC. In addition, we discuss its realization using metamaterial structures.


A characteristic of the injection rate of an emulsified fuel is investigated experimentally. As a result, the authors found out the following. The emulsified fuel contains a considerable amount of air-bubbles. When we define the air-bubble content as a function of water content y, namely z=ay, the value of is estimated about 0.5×10-4 to 1.0×10-4. Therefore, the sound velocity and the bulk modulus of elasticity decrease with increased water content. The increased viscosity of the emulsified fuel tends to advance the injection timing. On the other hand, the decreased bulk modulus of elasticity tends to retard the injection timing. Furthermore, the variation of air-bubble content in the emulsified fuel increases the variation of the injection timing, and of the injection rate during the injection.


........................................................................................................................ 3 PREFACE ............................................................................................................................ 4 CONTENTS ......................................................................................................................... 5 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 7 1. LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................................... 8 1.1. MARKETING STRATEGIES .......................................................................................... 8 1.1.1. STAGES IN THE MARKETING STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT PROCESS ....................................... 8 1.1.2. ELEMENTS FOR AN EFFECTIVE MARKETING STRATEGY .................................................... 8 1.2.BRANDING ................................................................................................................ 11 1.3. INTERNET AND COMPANIES ................................................................................... 16 1.3.1. SOCIAL MEDIA ..................................................................................................... 17 1.3.2. SURVEYS ON SOCIAL MEDIA .................................................................................... 18 1.3.3. DIGITAL MARKETING ............................................................................................. 19 1.3.4. SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING ..................................................................................... 20 2. COSMETICS ................................................................................................................. 23 2.1. DEFINITION OF COSMETIC PRODUCTS .......................................................................... 23 2.2. COSMETICS INDUSTRY .............................................................................................. 23 2.3. COSMETICS IN GREECE ............................................................................................. 24 L' Oreal ............................................................................................................. 27 Estee Lauder ..................................................................................................... 28 Make-up Art Cosmetics .................................................................................... 28 Korres ............................................................................................................. 29 Apivita ............................................................................................................. 29 Dust and Cream ............................................................................................... 30 3. METHODOLOGYRESEARCH ...................................................................................... 31 4. FINDINGS AND DATA ANALYSIS ................................................................................ 32


Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted increasing attention for biomedical applications. COFs‐based nanosensitizers with uniform nanoscale morphology and tumor‐specific curative effects are in high demand; however, their synthesis is yet challenging. In this study, distinct COF nanobowls are synthesized in a controlled manner and engineered as activatable nanosensitizers with tumor‐specific sonodynamic activity. High crystallinity ensures an ordered porous structure of COF nanobowls for the efficient loading of the small‐molecule sonosensitizer rose bengal (RB). To circumvent non‐specific damage to normal tissues, the sonosensitization effect is specifically inhibited by the in situ growth of manganese oxide (MnOx) on RB‐loaded COFs. Upon reaction with tumor‐overexpressed glutathione (GSH), the "gatekeeper" MnOx is rapidly decomposed to recover the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation capability of the COF nanosensitizers under ultrasound irradiation. Increased intracellular ROS stress and GSH consumption concomitantly induce ferroptosis to improve sonodynamic efficacy. Additionally, the unconventional bowl‐shaped morphology renders the nanosensitizers with enhanced tumor accumulation and retention. The combination of tumor‐specific sonodynamic therapy and ferroptosis achieves high efficacy in killing cancer cells and inhibiting tumor growth. This study paves the way for the development of COF nanosensitizers with unconventional morphologies for biomedicine, offering a paradigm to realize activatable and ferroptosis‐augmented sonodynamic tumor therapy.


The present invention is an absorbent article, preferably a disposable absorbent articles such as diapers. Grant comfort of improved wear article, to which dry thin article useful absorbent core is disclosed in the absorbent article. Further, a method for obtaining such a core is disclosed. Being specifically disclosed is a useful absorbent core in an absorbent article comprising a substrate layer comprising a first surface and a second surface, a discontinuous layer of absorbent material comprising an absorbent polymer material further comprising the absorbent material comprises any absorbent fibrous material, the absorbent fibrous material not exceed 20 weight percent of the total weight of the absorbent polymer material, the discontinuous layer is first surface of the absorbent material and includes a second surface, the absorbent core further comprises a layer of thermoplastic material comprising a first surface and a second surface, the second surface of the discontinuous layer of absorbent material to the first surface of the substrate layer at least partially in contact, a second surface portion of the layer of thermoplastic material are in direct contact with the first surface of the substrate layer, portions of the second surface of the layer of thermoplastic material of the discontinuous layer of absorbent material direct contact with the first surface. Also disclosed is a method for providing a storage layer for an absorbent core useful for an absorbent article, the method consisting of: A step of supplying a substrate material comprising a first surface and a second surface, On the first surface of the substrate material, placing the absorbent material on the shape of the pattern and at least one region including at least one region with absorbent material having substantially no absorbent material, The first surface and the absorbent material on the substrate material by disposing a thermoplastic material, portions of the thermoplastic material are in direct contact with the first surface of the substrate, and portions of the thermoplastic material are in direct contact with the absorbent material and a step of way.


Monitoring in universities and university centers aims to initiate students in teaching and contribute to the improvement of undergraduate education through the articulation of theoretical and practical content, thus favoring the production of knowledge under the guidance of the teacher responsible for a specific curricular component. Monitoring allows students to develop skills associated with teaching and deepening their knowledge; however, there are elements that can hinder this practice, such as the conciliation of monitoring activities with regular academic activities. The objective of this study is to analyze the contribution of monitoring to learning and academic training in the Dentistry Course at UFBA. The sample of this research was composed of 34 students of both sexes, all in the condition of student-monitors of the Faculty of Dentistry at the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. A quantitative questionnaire was applied to students in order to analyze various aspects on the monitoring practice. Students interviewed believed that monitoring is relevant for academic training and that this activity brings greater learning during its performance. Of all respondents, 94% believe that monitoring is relevant in initiating students in higher education teaching. Most interviewees reported that they have good relationship with the Advisor Teacher and with monitored students. Monitoring gives the student the opportunity to develop skills and competences associated with teaching, provides personal and professional growth and qualifies the curriculum of those who participate in this process.


This paper presents a new design method for design of biquad digital filter which can give three frequency responses simultaneously as low-pass, high-pass and bandpass filtering. The proposed method is based on Pascal matrix operation for bilinear s-z transformation, the Pascal matrix is used for transforming the normalized analog transfer functions to digital transfer functions. Moreover, the new filter structure realization is proposed for biquad digital filter implementation. The obtained structure uses number of shift registers are same as a single output version of second order IIR digital filter.


An integrated vehicle dynamics control system is developed in this paper by a combination of active front steering(AFS) and direct yaw-moment control(DYC) based on fuzzy logic control.The control system has a hierarchical structure consisting of two layers.A fuzzy logic controller is used in the upper layer (yaw rate controller) to keep the yaw rate in its desired value.The yaw rate error and its rate of change are applied to the upper controlling layer as inputs,where the direct yaw moment control signal and the steering angle correction of the front wheels are the outputs.In the lower layer (fuzzy integrator),a fuzzy logic controller is designed based on the working region of the lateral tire forces.Depending on the directions of the lateral forces at the front wheels,a switching function is activated to adjust the scaling factor of the fuzzy logic controller.Using a nonlinear seven degrees of freedom vehicle model,the simulation results illustrate considerable improvements which are achieved in vehicle handling through the integrated AFS/DYC control system in comparison with the individual AFS or DYC controllers.


Objective To explore the methods for assessing the functions of that in improving the pulmonary immune function and protecting the pulmonary damage in order to promote the management,monitoring and efficient developing of the health foods. Methods The levels of LDH,ACP and SA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) as well as the phagocylic functions of alveolar macrophages (AMs) were measured to evaluate the capabilities of the health food candidates in increasing pulmonary immune function and resisting pulmonary injuries. Results The action of anti-pulmonary injury was found in Vit-E,Vit-C and Chrysoidine extractives, as well as the effect of enhancing the pulmonary immune function in Vit E. Conclusion It is possible to identify the functions of health foods in increasing pulmonary immune function and protecting pulmonary damage by measuring the biochemical indicators in BALF and the phagocylic functions of AMs.


CONTEXT
We report on a case of adrenal angiomyolipoma.

OBJECTIVE
The aim was to present a case report and review of the literature about adrenal angiomyolipoma.

DESIGN
The case report includes a history of patient data and literature review.

SETTING
The patient was offered adrenalectomy with adrenal gland neoplasms and gave consent. The tumor was completely removed.

PATIENT
We present the case of a 55-yr-old patient with a 15 × 16-cm adrenal angiomyolipoma.

INTERVENTION
We performed adrenalectomy with adrenal gland neoplasms.

RESULTS
The histopathological features confirmed the diagnosis of adrenal angiomyolipoma. The patient made an uneventful recovery and was normal at the 6-month follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS
Angiomyolipomas are rare mesenchymal tumors derived from perivascular epithelioid cells. These are commonly found in the kidney. Angiomyolipoma arising in the adrenal is a very rare entity. We present a case of adrenal angiomyolipoma. In our case, the tumor size was (15 × 16 cm), the largest being reported.


The analysis of publication activity of the journal as at 2021. Since January 2019 journal "Intelligent Systems in Manufacturing" has been reorganized and today it has 2 sections for engineering sciences: "Instrumentation" and "Informatics". Since that time, the journal has been publishing 14 articles per issue having 9 pages each on average. The editorial board consists of 22 scholars, among them 4 foreign scholars and 4 scholars from other regions of the Russian Federation. Blind peer view of articles is applied to enhance the quality of an article, peer views are published on the portal E-library, and the number of the rejected articles has increased due to low scientific merit up to 20 per cent. The journal site and the information of the journal in Russian Science Citation Index have been upgraded. Article content has been enhanced by means of complementary parallel headlines and information in English: article headline, authors, abstract, references, picture captures, and tables. Abstract and conclusion informative value are subjected to restricted requirements, requirements to references became as follows: at least 15 references to articles published during last 3 - 5 years including foreign ones. Publication activity of the journal in 2020 compared to 2018 has significantly increased according to majority of indicators: 2-year impact-factor for RSCI has become 1.5 times higher, a 2-year impact-factor for RSCI taking into account to citation of all references has also become 1.5 times higher: a 2-year impact factor for RSCI core has become 3 times higher. A 5-year impact factor for RSCI does not intensively respond to the changes happened during the last years, however, it is increasing. A 5-year-factor for RSCI core has the tendency to 1.5-time increasing. Percentage of a 2-year self-citation factor of the journal is not stable and exceeds 50 per cent. A 2-year self-citation factor among the authors is hardly decreasing and accounts for 70 per cent revealing the major disadvantage.


I describe a novel hybrid approach to efficient parallel implementation of declaratively (and formally) specified applications. My approach proposes novel languages that support formal refinement and parallel distributions. I defer the complexity of designing user-level programming language features in favor of designing intermediate languages with specific properties and sufficient generality. My primary high-level intermediate language (IL), RILL (Refinement-based Intermediate Logic Language), provides the generality of predicate logic for specification and supports arbitrarily powerful programmer-controlled optimizations, through formal refinement. My secondary IL, Ephemeral, supports low-level parallel processing across a wide variety of platform types. A programmer writes a formal specification in a syntactically pleasing 'surface' language, and invokes a surface language compiler, which translates the specification into RILL, and invokes my proposed system. My proposed system starts with the formal specification translated to a RILL program, optimizes this program via correctness preserving RILL-to-RILL code refinements, then translates the optimized code to Ephemeral, invoking the Ephemeral compiler for translation to specific platforms. My approach to compiling predicate logic programs in RILL is novel in the way it avoids the generally intractable problem of compiling declarative specifications. I take advantage of the fact that existing solutions to many computing problems can be construed as solutions of specific declarative specifications. I additionally exploit the wealth of existing decision procedures for many classes of problems, such as FOL, SAT, ILP, linear systems, etc., using them as bases for refinement methods. The most universally necessary refinement methods should occupy a 'standard library' of optimization procedures, leaving less universal and more advanced optimizations to extended libraries. RILL provides the novel Refine construct, which application programmers use to control the application of optimization refinements that transform their declarative specifications to a more executable and efficient form. When compositions of available refinements do not suffice to optimize a particular specification, the Refine construct also provides the means of applying custom optimizations, which may be constructed by the application programmer. Thus, the implementation of RILL is a step toward obtaining high application performance with a general purpose logic programming language. The proposed low-level parallel programming language, Ephemeral, mostly avoids architectural dependence by making only minimal assumptions about supported platforms. Ephemeral uniquely supports MIMD arrays with tiny individual processors, not having sufficient memory for the entire program, such as I expect will eventually dominate the high end of the MIMD performance spectrum. The possibility of high application performance is retained by allowing distribution, of both data and computation, to be specified in a somewhat topology dependent manner. The geometry of Ephemeral's computational model is physics-based, ensuring performance metrics based on the model accurately bound communication performance of compiled code executing on parallel platforms. The resulting hybrid RILL/Ephemeral system will support the declarative specification and implementation of efficient parallel applications. Thus, this research moves toward positively answering the question: "Can we escape the Sequential Prison by programming in a general purpose declarative language?".


The aim of this study was to prove the potential of Spirulina platensis extract in
decreasing the kidney injury induced by ethanol in rats (Rattus norvegicus). Twenty male
rats were divided into five groups (n = 4). They were two control group and three
treatment groups which was given 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg BW of Spirulina platensis
extract perorally. For the first seven days each group was given 50% ethanol 10 ml/kg
BW except for control group, then continued for 14 days with Spirulina platensis extract
for the treatment groups and 0.5% CMC Na solution for control groups. 24 hours after
the last treatment, histopathological observation was done to score kidney injury based
on the appearance of congestion, hemorrhage, degeneration, and necrosis. The data was
analyzed using Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney Test. The result showed that Spirulina
platensis 200 mg/kg BW extract significantly decrase ethanol-induced kidney injury in
rats (Rattus norvegicus) and gave significant difference (p < 0.05) among the treatment
groups.


Background Surgical injury induces a systemic endocrine‐metabolic response which is proportional to the severity of surgical stress. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with a favourable clinical outcome compared with open cholecystectomy suggesting that surgical injury is reduced.


T he fertile crescent is that region, shaped like the moon in its first quarter, that cuws from the Nile to the Tigris, encompassing the ancient lands of Palestine, Phoenicia, Babylonia, and Assyria, encroaching on Egypt to the south, the Taurus mountains of Anatolia and the Zagros in Persia to the north, and reaching east to the Persian gulf where flowered one of the most ancient known civilizations, thatof Sumer. It was in the feltile crescent at the end of the last ice age some 10,000 years ago, that agriculture came to being and transformed man's life from that of a roving nomad to settled villager. Plants that are the ancestors of many of our major crops appeared there. Wild wheat, then one of the many wild grasses in the region, gave rise after countless haphazard crossings to fertile hybrids such as Emmer wheat, then to crosses of Emma with other grasses, and eventually to a true "bread wheat" with a full head of seed. Wild lentils, beans and other legumes, first gathered by men, became domesticated. Fruit trees were planted close to human seitlements. It was there also that man wrought the tools of a new technology that is still basic to agriculture in much ofthe world today: the first flint sickle, set in a horn or a piece of bone, the olive mortar and the wine press, the baker's oven, then the plow, "lever to feed the earth", the wheel, and the pulley to draw water. The names of the ancient cities in the fettle crescent ring out the beginning of the known history of mankind: Memphis, Jericho, Babylon, Suza, Assur, Nineveh and many others, where not only agriculture, but pottery and music, graphic arts and writing, were born, and geometly came to regulate land ownership, and arithmetic, perhaps to calculate taxation. One of the most ancient, continously inhabited cities of this region is Aleppo, already known by this name before it was conquered by the Hittites, before Assyria burst from Mesopotamia, the region between the Tigris and the Euphrates, to become one of the greatest empires in mankind's history, boasting a list of 116 successive kings who sat on Assur's throne. Aleppo today is a lively commercial and manufacturing city, and it has become this year the symbolic centre of yet another major event taking place in the region: the transition from traditional agriculture which for thousands of years had fed a human population of a few million, to modern agriculture that must, today and in the years to come, feed hundreds of millions. New people have come to Aleppo, long a crossroads for caravans between the Mediterranean and Mesopotamia. They have come from many parts of the world -or is it, one may wonder, from other planets? They are called the "wheat and barley people", "pulse people", a "weed man" and an "insect man", the "rotation people", and a "medic man" (who, incidentally, has nothing to do with medicine). The newcomers are members of the newly established International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), whose responsibility extends far beyond the ancient fenile crescent, to a region stretching from Pakistan to the east and Morocco to the west, a region that contains today some 20 countries, inhabited by more than 250 million people. ICARDA'S mission is to augment the agricultural productivity of some 100 million square kilometres of arable land, most of it characterized by limited annual rainfall (300 to 800 mm1 concen-


Selection rules for electromagnetic transitions have been obtained for the following asymptotic quantum numbers of deformed nuclei: OMEGA , LAMBDA , and EPSILON (the projections of the total, the orbital, and the spin angular momentum respectively of a particle on the axis of an elongated nucleus), n/sub z/ (the oscillator quantum number along the axis), and N (the principal oscillator quantum number). Taking into account these selection rules allows an explanation of the discrepancies between theoretical and experimental values of transition probabilities. A first order forbiddenness in one of the asymptotic quantum numbers decreases the transition probability by a factor 10 to 100. (auth)


Background: Endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation (MV) are often needed in patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. The rate of weaning failure is high and prolonged MV increases intubation associated complications. Objective: To evaluate the role of Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in weaning patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from MV, after T piece trial failure. Design: A prospective, randomized, controlled study was conducted in a tertiary care centre. 30 patients of acute exacerbation of COPD with acute on chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure, who were mechanically ventilated, were included in the study A T-piece weaning trial was attempted once the patients achieved satisfactory clinical and biochemical parameters. After T-piece failure, defined as pH < 7.35, PaCO2 >50 mmHg, PaO2 <50 mmHg, HR >100/min, RR >35, patients were randomized to receive either NIV or PSV. Results: Demography, severity of disease and clinical profiles were similar in both groups. No significant difference between the two groups in duration of MV (6.20 ± 5.20 days vs. 7.47 ± 6.38 days, P > 0.05), duration of weaning (35.17 ± 16.98 and 47.05 ± 20.98 hours, P > 0.05) or duration of ICU stay (8.47 ± 4.79 and 10.80 ± 5.28 days, P > 0.05) in Gp I and Gp II, respectively. Five patients developed VAP in the PSV group, where as only one patient had pneumonia in the NIV group. Lesser number of deaths in the NIV group at discharge from ICU (3 vs. 5 patients, respectively) and at 30 days (5 vs. 9 patients, respectively), it did not achieve statistical significance (P > 0.05). Conclusion: NIV is as useful as PSV in weaning and can be better in weaning failure especially in COPD for earlier weaning, decrease ICU stay, complications and mortality.


To define a new sequence space and determine the Köthe-Toeplitz duals of this sequence space, characterizing the matrix transformation classes between the defined sequence spaces and classical sequence spaces has been an important area of work for researchers. Defining and examining a new vector-valued sequence space is also a considerable field of study since it generalizes classical sequence spaces. In this study, new vector-valued sequence spaces $ E(X, \lambda, p) $ are introduced. The Köthe-Toeplitz duals of $ E(X, \lambda, p) $ spaces are identified. Also, necessary and sufficient conditions are determined for $ A = (A_{nk}) $ to belong to the matrix classes $ (E(X, \lambda, p), c(q)) $; where $ A_{ nk}\in B(X, Y) $, $ X\in \{c, \ell_\infty\} $ and $ Y $ is any Banach spaces.


The new method of image matching based on feature extraction and transform domain correlation is proposed in this paper.By extracting long edge information from image and analyzing its geometric feature,the edge direction-angle curve can be constucted as an important parameter for image matching.By calculating difference and comparing with relative chain codes of two images' edge direction curves,the possible rotation angle between the two images will be obtained.After rotating images and transforming them with 2D Fourier,the phase correlation will be gained in frequency domain and the maximum of the correlation coefficient will be found in that position which indicates the displacement of two images.So the two images can be matched accurately.Experimental results prove that this matching method is accurate,fast and automatic,it decreases the disturbance caused by artificial factors and could achieve a satisfactory matching between the two images with low grey difference and noise.


The general and specific provisions of the 2 Development Strategies of the Russian Agricultural Complex up to 2020 and up to 2030 are considered. The author analyzes the stages, targets, main tasks and the main distinctive content bases of the principles of the industry development in the context of the Strategy 2020 and the Strategy 2030. The features of financial support, the formed structuring of strategic development documents are emphasized. A summary of some of the results of the activities of the RCC in the process of implementing the Strategy 2020 is carried out, which analyze the dynamics of the volume of VBR catch, the production of food fish products, investments, and the renewal of fixed assets in accordance with the innovative task of the strategic innovative and actual development of the RCC. The corresponding linear macro-econometric models are constructed to evaluate and compare the dynamic parameters of strategic and actual development. The article highlights the features of the development of the RCC in the context of the Strategy 2030, analyzes the dynamics of the planned strategic and actual catch of the UBR, the dynamics of the accumulated investments of the planned strategic and actual development of the RCC for 2008–2030. The regression parameters of the catch of UBR and the added value of RCC for 2007–2030 are calculated. Conclusions are drawn about the need to use a regression econometric apparatus to establish reasonable parameters of the strategic development of the RCC.


The ability to model the steady-state field inside active structures, such as a transistor, is an important aspect of monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) design. This paper focuses on such an active zone of semiconductor material, and presents a finite element analysis of the classical semiconductor equations. The semiconductor equations are very nonlinear and govern the potential and carrier density distributions in semiconductor materials. A previously developed finite element method (FEM) formulation of these equations, referred to as the current conservation model, is re-introduced and re-derived with compact matrix notation. It is shown how this formulation can be solved with the Newton-Raphson iterative scheme. Then, a newly developed F E M formulation, referred to as the advection-diffusion model, of the continuity equations is described in detail. It is shown by example how this formulation solved with Gummel's iterative technique is very numerically robust. These two different solution methods of the steady-state system of coupled Poisson and continuity equations are combined into a final solution algorithm that exploits their strengths. As a specific example, GaAs MESFETs are the focus of implementation, and the resulting potential field and carrier density distributions are used, to calculate various MESFET parameters such as electrode currents, voltage gain, capacitances, and conductances. Finally, various extensions to the F E M approach involving the application of the method of moments (MoM) are briefly discussed and partially demonstrated. These extensions are intended to compensate for the assumptions and simplifications, mainly with respect to the artificial boundary conditions, used in the original stand-alone F E M formulations.


"Roger and Ricky couldn't be more different," marveled their mother. "People are surprised to find out they are brothers." Roger is tall and athletic, with blond hair and striking blue eyes. He spends most afternoons playing ball with his friends and often invites them home to play in the yard. Ricky, two years older than Roger, is much smaller, thin and wiry. He wears thick glasses over his brown eyes that are nearly as dark as his hair. Unlike his brother, Ricky prefers solitary games and spends most afternoons at home playing video games, building model cars, and reading comic books. How can Roger and Ricky have the same parents and live in the same home yet differ markedly in appearance, personality, and preferences? In this chapter, we discuss the process of genetic inheritance and principles that can help us to understand how members of a family can share a great many similarities—and many differences. We also examine the process by which a single cell containing genes from two biological parents develops over a short period of time into an infant. Learning Objectives Digital Resources


As a public policy, the Fairness Doctrine should be evaluated using the major normative categories of policy analysis — moral rights, distributive justice, economic efficiency, and effects on character — rather than debated on constitutional or narrow economic grounds. Speech rights, scarcity, and the chilling effect are among the factors subjected to this analysis. The tools of policy analysis can advance debate on the Fairness Doctrine and other communications issues.


Abstract The Late Linearbandkeramik (LBK) sites of Belgium, ca. 6300–6000 b.p. (unrecalibrated), represent the villages and hamlets of the first agriculturalists to colonize this region. The preliminary results from excavations at several Late LBK sites in NE Belgium (i.e., the Hesbaye) challenge many traditional notions about the peaceful nature of this colonization and LBK economic and social organization. Three newly-excavated sites in the Hesbaye—Darion, Oleye, and Longchamps—were fortified. Various hypotheses regarding the function of these fortifications are discussed. At present, the most probable is that they were erected to deter raids by indigenous Mesolithic hunter-gatherers, but other plausible hypotheses cannot be entirely excluded. It is also argued that the defense of these sites involved cooperation among several villages. Comparisons between the lithic inventories at these sites and some others nearby indicate that there was village specialization in flint blade and groundstone adze produ...


George's digital photographs and multi-media installations are images of the collisions of East and West. And are distinctive by their-tech, seamless moulding of positive historical continuum. His vivid condensation of artistically and scientific analogies contributes to the resolution of particularly difficult millennial double bind occupying theorists and artist nationally and internationally. George's practice over the past eight years has focused on concepts of contrivance and the handmade. Through this we can retrace the artists specific trajectory throughout the discourse on art, photography and politics – that ranges from the conceptual debates in art to the technological shifts from analogue to the digital. Georges practise an extensive travels gives form to his contrapuntal perceptions within contemporary art.


Abstract:This study took a sample of companies listed on the Stock Exchange during the years 2011 to 2014. Based on the sampling criteria that companies listed on the Stock Exchange the stock split in 2011 and 2014 by the company does not undertake other action. Data is taken from secondary data, the annual report on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for the period 2011-2014 (IDX Statistic). Data analysis performed in this study using analytical techniques event study aimed to analyze the differences abnormal stock returns and trading volume in the period before and after the announcement of the stock split and the data were processed using SPSS 16.0, the method used is multiple linear regression which comprises of test instruments, test heterocedasticity, T test and F test Results before the Stock Split on TVA (Y1) and AAR (Y2) can be seen the value T calculated for Stock Split (X), namely (-0244) and (-0198), T table significance level of 0.05 was obtained 1.67943, because T count 0.05 then accepted, and not significant. The results after the stock split (X), for TVA (Y1) and AAR (Y2) can be seen the value T calculated for the stock split is (-1 124) and (0488), T table significance level of 0.05 was obtained 1.67943, because T count > T table then Ho is accepted. Sig table B TVA and AAR is (0267) and (0268) due to the probability of < 0.05 then accepted, and significant. Keywords: TVA, AAR, and Stock Split.


Duch.) are cultivated in the area ofCoronda where N fertilization usuallyexceeds crop requirements. Theobjective of this work was to test fourtypes of fertilization methodology tooptimize fertilizer use efficiency.Experiments were carried out at thehorticultural center of the Facultad deAgronomia y Veterinaria, in Esperanza,Santa Fe, 31.15


This Master's thesis is connected to an interdisciplinary field between humanities and health care; "humanistic medicine" or "humanistic nursing". The object of the investigation is nursing student ...


Objective
To evaluate the effect of decompressive craniotomy with standard large bone flap in the treatment of severe craniocerebral injury.

Methods
The clinical data of 114 patients with severe craniocerebral injury treated in Changzhi Medical College Affiliated Heji Hospital from January 2016 to February 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into control group (routine craniotomy, 57 cases) and observation group (standard large craniotomy, 57 cases). Intracranial pressure, brain function, myelin basic protein (MBP) and prealbumin (PA) were compared between the two groups.

Results
There was no significant difference in intracranial pressure, disability rating scale (DRS) score, MBP and PA level between the two groups before operation (P> 0.05); intracranial pressure in the observation group was lower than that in the control group at all time points after operation (P<0.05). DRS score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, MBP level was lower than that in the control group, and PA level was higher than that in the control group 3 days after operation (P<0.05).

Conclusions
The patients with severe craniocerebral injury treated by decompressive craniotomy with standard large bone flap can effectively control intracranial pressure, improve brain function and regulate the levels of MBP and PA.

Key words:
Severe craniocerebral injury; Conventional bone flap craniotomy surgery; Decompressive craniotomy with standard large bone flap


A common problem encountered in demand estimation especially using microdata is the presence of high number of zeroes purchased - the problem of zero inflation. One possible solution is the constrained zero-inflated generalized additive model which is a two-component mixture model specifying the distribution of the dependent variable belong to a zero-inflated 1-parameter exponential family. It has an additional constraint that some covariates could proportionally affect both the probability of non-zero-inflation and the regular exponential family distributed mean. I test the hypothesis whether price could influence not only the level of consumption but also the probability of purchase or not purchase. The Monte Carlo simulation has various percentages of zero-inflation, different distributions for error terms, and covariates.


Various kinds of torque of three-phase asynchronous induction motor for EVs and their mechanical features are elaborated. The correlation between torque and power voltage and wire-wound resistor has been summarized through formula analysis. These help people select proper motor for EVs.


The present invention provides a water blocking fiber optic cable reinforcing filler paste filling apparatus and method of the member belongs to the field of optical cable production plant, comprising a hollow reservoir and a tank disposed over the cable paste paste paste tank agitating said reservoir means; said reservoir paste is provided on the cable box with a front seat and a rear mold paste control cable control die holders paste; paste control cable of the front seat in the mold before the cable is provided with a control cream mold, after the control cable provided with the paste after the mold holder cable paste controlling mold; paste agitating said cable means comprises at least one guide wheel agitator, the agitator is provided with an annular groove on the guide wheel guide wheel, the guide wheel is provided on the agitator agitating rods; further comprises a tensioning means. The present invention provides a water blocking cable cable strengthener paste filling apparatus and method for filling member, the reinforcing member can be accurately filled with a homogeneous paste for cable water blocking cable, the cable can effectively prevent the cable caused by uneven filling paste instability seepage problems, and can effectively prevent the cable is pulled strengthen circumstances surrounding parts empty, thus improving the quality of the product.


This paper analyzes the role theory developed by Henry Mintzberg with regard to role emphasis by two chief executives. Wide variation in role emphasis and difficulty in applying the leader role as ...


This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's PowerPoint conference presentation. A procedure and a statistical model to measure the risk of error when processing a workload X is proposed. It is concluded that architecting hazard-aware load balancer for Cloud SaaS can be promising.


The clinical manifestations of pernicious anemia are believed to be wholly attributable to a deficiency of vitamin B12. This deficiency is not the result of improper diet but is caused by impaired absorption of the vitamin from the gastrointestinal tract. For vitamin B12to be absorbed in adequate amounts, a substance present in the secretion of the normal stomach is required. This substance, the intrinsic factor of Castle, has not yet been identified or obtained in pure form. The mode of action of intrinsic factor is unknown, but virtually all evidence indicates that it simply facilitates the absorption of vitamin B12. The basic defect in pernicious anemia is an abnormality of the stomach which fails to produce intrinsic factor. As a result vitamin B12is not absorbed even though ingested in usual amounts. Similar deficiency states are encountered with certain other disorders of the alimentary canal in which there is


The article points out that digital gap exists in Asia economies and discusses imbalanced development of Internet in these economies.This research gives an outline of current situation of Internet development in Asian economies,aiming to arouse attention to the formation of social atmosphere for the Internet.


In this chapter the author shows how the development of traffic psychology is characterised by the fact that in the past 25 years a large number of experiments and investigations were carried out to provide answers to individual questions and solutions for parts of a problem. In so doing, behavioural models or theories relating to road traffic were seldom used as the foundation for processing the data in an integrated way and for developing a theoretical basis for traffic psychology. Although more and more psychological models are being developed in this field (see, for example, Michon, 1989, IRRD 822781, or Ranney, 1994), all too often individual results are placed alongside each other in an unrelated way and the benefits of a theory which would integrate this knowledge remain unexplored. For the covering abstract, see IRRD 896859.


The main aim of this paper is to protect an Induction motor(IM) against various faults like Over voltage, Over current, Under voltage, Single phasing. The Protection of motor from such faults is very important, because faults can decreases its efficiency. IMs can be protected using some components, such as timers, contactors, voltage, and current relays. We are using the microcontroller based circuit for fault detection and it will protect the motor from several faults.


An analysis of forest canopy flows with a wind tunnel model at high Reynolds number is presented and discussed. Measured mean velocity and Reynolds stress profiles agree with observations made in real canopies with no sensible Reynolds number dependence, adding confidence to the results obtained with the present setup. The analysis of power density spectra of the three velocity components and of the shear stress co-spectra is reported with new coordinate scalings able to improve the collapse of the spectra compared to standard normalizations. This scaling is mostly based on the respective integral time scale and a simple fit is proposed to estimate such a quantity in real canopies. From the analysis of joint probability density functions, three different regions have been localized where a change in the coherent structure behavior is supposed to take place, similarly to what happens in rough wall turbulent boundary layers.


GeoTime is a new paradigm for visualizing events, connections and movement in a combined temporal and spatial visualization. This paper will show how this information visualization capability allows intelligence analysts to quickly reveal relationships between tracked movements and events of interest. Entity movement over time can be examined, without the need for animation, to reveal types and patterns of behavior, interactions, and deviations. A simple case study will be examined that effectively employs the GeoTime spatiotemporal visualization theory and analysis techniques. A hypothetical hit-and-run accident is used to show the movement of vehicles and their behaviors leading up to and after the event.


A process for producing a substrate for a sensor system that is mounted on the substrate has a plurality of sensor elements, material recesses are formed below the sensor elements, the material cut-outs are formed by reactive ion etching, characterized in that the material cut to a depth of at least 90% of the total depth is formed by reactive ion etching and to total depth generated by isotropic etching.


The heating process,initial roll shape design,roll body cooling,rolling schedule and rolling plan were studied,and the 8mm×3800mm thin gauge plate was successfully produced by 4300mm wide and heavy plate mill.Meanwhile,the volume stable production ability was formed.


The biological nitrogen removal is widely applied in the wastewater treatment,and it is more economic in all nitrogen removal methods.The traditional biological nitrogen removal method is mainly dedicated to the research of autotrophic nitrobacteria.Compared to the autotrophic nitrobacteria,heterotrophic nitrification bacteria are able to utilize organic carbon sources and inorganic carbon sources.What's more,they have absolute superiority in adaptive capacity and can widely exist in the environment.In order to get the heterotrophic nitrification bacteria which can remove nitrogen in cultivation wastewater,four strains of heterotrophic nitrifiers from the sewage of an hoggery in Congming(Shanghai)through the procedure of enriching,separating,purifying and identificating their nitrification capacity by the principle of when nitrite meets Eglise reagent,it will become red.The four strains were given the labels of 79,84,L116 and L117.The 16S rDNA sequence analysis and the United States automatic microbial analyzer Biolog were used to identify the strains.The result showed that the four strains were Alcaligenes faecalis.The result of experiment showed that when the initial ammonia-nitrigon concentration reached 90 mg.L-1,the nitrogen removal rates of 79,84,L116 and L117 within 48 h were 44.4%,47.9%,61.3% and 56.4% espectively and the removal rates of total nitrogen were 39.9%,38.5%,43.4% and 40.7%,respectively.Furthermore,there exisited nitrite in the process of denitrification.


The initial stages of germanium (Ge) adsorption and heteroepitaxial growth on the SrTiO3 (001) surface have been investigated with first-principles calculations. Our results reveal that the 2 × 1 DL TiO2 reconstruction plays a major role in the Ge chemisorption. This surface reconstruction involves a charge transfer between Ti and O atoms at the surface that locally increases the attractiveness for Ge nucleation. The calculated charge transfer is in good agreement with the core level shift observed by soft X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Moreover, our potential-energy surface calculations for Ge adatoms on the SrTiO3 (001) 2 × 1 DL TiO2 surface show that the surface diffusions of Ge atoms are highly anisotropic. Ge adatoms are easy to jump from other sites to the most stable site nearby the floating oxygen with energy barriers <0.45 eV. Therefore, the Ge adsorption configuration around surface floating oxygen atom, a particularity of this surface, is identified as the nucleation center of the further Ge...


The article entitled "Self-assembly of Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles with Rigid and Flexible Multifunctional Linkers" by Wenbin Li, Meifang Zu, Xiaqin Wang, Xingping Zhou, Kensuke Naka, and Yoshiki Chujo, presented at the 2005 International Conference on Advanced Fibers and Polymeric Materials, was inadvertently included in the special issues of both Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A – Pure & Applied Chemistry and Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B – Physics.


Three factors that can help to reduce the adverse effects of drought on crop plants are: surface mulches to prevent evaporation of soil moisture; a well-developed root system to maximize the absorption of water and nutrients; and, optimum and balanced nutrition which allows plants to use water more efficiently. A field study was conducted to determine the effect of two-microbial inoculants and different sources of mineral elements on drought resistance and yield of field bean. Treatments included: microbial inoculants applied to the seed and leaves; seed pelleted with quicklime and inoculants; and, mineral sources applied to the seed and soil. Results showed that neither the mineral sources nor the microbial inoculants alone could improve drought resistance of the crop plants; however, when used together there was a definite improvement for certain combinations. Widespread adoption of these formulations by farmers will depend on their cost-effectiveness. Introduction Optimally-nourished crop plants often have a lower water requirement than inadequately nourished plants because they use water more efficiently (Boguslawski, 1958). Optimum nutrition depends on a well-developed root system which is enhanced by a well-aggregated porous soil; and, a proper level and balance of available nutrients. Surface mulches are an important part of the system since they conserve soil moisture by limiting evaporative losses. According to some research findings, micro nutrients (i.e., trace elements) alone appear to have little effect on drought resistance or drought tolerance. The reason for this may be that many crops have low seed reserves of micro nutrients (Bakurdzhieva, 1970). Subsequently, it was shown that seed enrichment with micro nutrients can increase their absorption and use by plants, resulting in increased growth and yield (Primavesi, 1967; Primavesi and Primavesi, 1970; Primavesi et al., 1971; Primavesi, 1980, 1994). The uptake of certain nutrients by plants may depend on local agroclimatic conditions. For example, it has been reported that on dry, sunny days plants need and absorb more nitrogen, potassium and calcium (Haas, 1966), and more zinc or boron (Malavolta et al., 1962; Wing and Mackenzie, 1972), than on cloudy, rainy days. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of microbial inoculants and mineral elements, and combinations thereof, on drought resistance and yield of field bean. Methods and Materials The experimental site consisted of a red-yellow podzolic soil (sandy phase) which was well-aggregated, porous and relatively uncompacted to a depth of 25 cm as determined by a soil penetrometer. Composition of the Microbial Inoculants Effective Microorganisms (EM): EM consists mainly of lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, yeasts and actinomycetes, along with other genera and species of beneficial microorganisms. The inoculant is formulated by anaerobic fermentation with molasses as a carbon and energy source. It is diluted with water prior to use. RG or Supermagro: RG consists of fresh farmyard manure (FYM), fresh milk, and a nutrient mixture (Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, B, Mo, Co) diluted with water and formulated by aerobic fermentation for approximately three weeks prior to use. The addition of fresh milk allows the build-up of lactic acid bacteria. Composition of the Nutrient Sources Skrill: This is a commercially-available product derived from evaporated sea water and consists mainly of Na, Cl, Ca, Mg, K and other mineral elements in smaller amounts. Fosmag: This is a commercially-available product often used as a fertilizer supplement applied mainly to soil (P 14%, Ca 13%, K 10%, S 8%, Mg 3%, Zn 0.6%). Field bean (var. Carioquinha) was planted in the dry season during which rainfall occurred only once, 25 days after emergence. Five rows of beans were planted in 2.4 x 2.0 m plots with only the three inner rows, consisting of 60 bean plants, harvested for yield data. Treatments Applied Soil Treatments:


financial crisis in 1997, Thailand's economy had dropped but recovered fully from that crisis with its first fiscal surplus in 2003. FDI contributed a lot to Thailand's economic growth and development. The FDI inflow into Thailand has accelerated rapidly and it will play an increasingly important role in Thailand's economy in the future. With the openness of AEC in 2015, the competition will be fierce among member countries. In order to attract more FDI, Thai government should put more effort on creating a better investment climate. OFDI (Outward Foreign Direct Investment) of China: Chinese "Go-out strategy" has embraced its 10th anniversary in 2010. In the past decade, Chinese companies had been picking up their paces of going global and increasing their overseas investments at both of developed and developing countries. Thailand possesses a strategic position in this region, although FDI from China is not the main source for Thailand so far, there is a big potential opportunity for Thailand to be an important FDI destination of Chinese companies. More and more Chinese firms have been expanding their investment rapidly in Thailand; at the same time, abundant of FDI from China are seeking good investment destinations. In order to maintain and enlarge the re-investment of the existing Chinese FDI, furthermore, to attract more Chinese companies to invest in Thailand. Thai government and policy makers should put more effort on its governance in inward FDI.


Summary

The dynamics of the giraffe population of the Serengeti were quantified to ascertain the response of the population to the increasing biomass of the available browse resource. Aerial counts conducted in 1971 and 1976 together with analyses of fecundity and mortality data suggest a rate of population increase of some 5–6% per annum. Compared with the dynamics of a stable giraffe population in Nairobi National Park, the sub-adult components of the Serengeti regional populations are larger and juvenile growth rates marginally faster: calving intervals are shorter and the age of first conception younger, resulting in higher fecundities per adult female: calf survival rates are higher and adult mortalities lower. These criteria suggest that the Serengeti giraffe population is expanding as a consequence of its increasing food availability, implying that the population may previously have been food-limited.

Resume

La dynamique de la population de girafe du Serengeti fut quantifiee pour verifier la reponse de la population a la biomasse croissante des ressources disponibles en pâturage. Des comptages aeriens effectues en 1971 et 1976 combines a des analyses de donnees de fecondite et de mortalite suggerent une augmentation du taux de population de quelque 5–6% par an. Comparee a la dynamique d'une population stable de girafe au Parc National de Nairobi, les composantes subadultes des populations regionales du Serengeti sont plus importantes et les taux de croissance des juveniles plus rapides; les intervalles de mises-bas sont plus courts et l'âge de primiparite plus bas, ce qui amene une fecondite plus elevee par femelle adulte; le taux de survie des jeunes est plus eleve et la mortalite des adultes plus faible. Ces criteres suggerent que la population de girafes du Serengeti est en expansion grâce a I'augmentation de nourriture disponible, ce qui implique que cette population peut avoir ete limitee en nourriture auparavant.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a high-speed changeover type input/output coupler suitable for the data transfer bus of a high transmission speed. SOLUTION: This input/output coupler of each IC can exchange signals with the same coupler positioned in the other IC by a bus line 51. Such a coupler is provided with a transmitter and a receiver 7 connected to the bus line 51 by a conductor 5. The transmitter is provided with a switch 63 and the ON state turns the conductor 5 to a potential Vb. Further, the coupler is provided with the switch 64 or 65, the ON state turns the conductor 5 to the potential Vtt and the switch 64 or 65 can not be turned to the ON state before the switch 63 is turned to an OFF state. In such a manner, by turning the switch 64 or 65 to a conducting state at a high speed, between the two individual separated states of the potentials Vb and Vtt of the electric conductor for connecting the transmitter to the bus line 51, large stability is obtained for the respective two states and rapid change is obtained.


Since '70s major studies were carried out in the Western Europe on impact of young people's sexual behaviors on sexual revolution. Perception of a sexual revolution is hard due to absence of studies of this kind in Albania, although radical socio-cultural changes have occurred during the last two decades. Again, we do not have a clear overview of sexual behaviors and attitudes of the Albanian young people. Currently, there is a belief that young people adopt an open attitude to sexuality and sexual behaviors as they have different communication channels to receive information about sexual intercourse and other related components. About 20 years ago, as an isolated country under a dictatorial system, Albania had prohibited every sexual behavior. Sex-oriented conversations, sexual preferences and so on represented a social threat at that time as those actions were deemed immoral, deviant or taboo. At that time women's career support was a demagogical approach but in the meantime family planning due to ambitions and career constituted an immoral act. Unmarried women or those who chose a late marriage were labeled by offensive terms and were isolated from the society. Open conversations about sex and sexuality, even with the partner, were forbidden. Similar conversations might prejudice the honor of Albanian women. Kisses and caresses in the public were not common at all and they even did not occur, otherwise the Youth Committees of the Party in power launched disciplinary measures against the young people who infringed such a moral rule. On the other hand, female's virginity was a veil of honor per se which everyone should have until the day of her marriage. Presently, Albania is an utterly different country under radical social changes which cause ambiguity to someone to raise questions if we are at the eve of a social and sexual revolution or degradation. This work aims to analyze the sexual reality of Albanian young people, their sexual attitudes and behaviors and to understand if they constituted a sexual revolution. Through an empirical and theoretical analysis, the study will be focused on attitudes of the students from public universities to contraceptive use, career women, marriages at an increasingly later age than before, as well as sexual rights and freedoms. The research methodology of the present study will be quantitative one, where through a random and stratified sample about 200 persons will be interviewed, to be students of public universities in the capital. The data obtained from this sample will be analyzed through SPSS statistical program, where the mean, standard deviation and frequencies will be realized to measure the variables defined for the study. The hypothesis testing will be realized through Chi-square (χ2) tests, which determines the level of certainly at a value of p


Erectile dysfunction(ED) is a common complication of diabetes and a cause of decreased quality of life.The specific causes of erectile dysfunction are unknown.Among the neurotransmitters involved in corpus cavernosum smooth muscle relaxation,nitric oxide(NO) synthesized by nitric oxide synthase plays an essential role in ensuring normal penile erection.eNOS is activated by viscous drag/shear stress in blood vessels to produce NO continuously,a process mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3-kinase)/ Akt physiologically mediates erection.Relaxation of smooth muscle is primarily mediated by NO/ cGMP/PKG pathway,contraction of smooth muscle is primarily mediated by RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway,which suppresses eNOS gene expression and enzyme activity.The mechanisms leading to diabetes-associated ED involve peripheral vasculopathy and autonomic neuropathy.Adenoviral-mediated intracavernosal transfer of therapeutic genes and stem cells thearapy,such as eNOS and RhoA/Rhokinase and mesenchymal stem cell-based cell,were performed.


This research aims to determine and predict the level of profitability and liquidity at PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia Syariah Tbk, . The type of research used is descriptive quantitative research to explain the soundness level of banks, to analyze trends in soundness, banks use the least square method. As a population is the Annual report of PT. Bank Syariah Indonesia Tbk, .2016-2020 period, with withdrawal techniques. sample using purposive sampling) with the criteria of having an annual report with a ratio, ROA, and liquidity. Data analysis, from this study shows that the trend of PT BRI Syariah (PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia Syariah Tbk) in 2021-2025 for profitability as measured by the ROA ratio tends to decrease but is still in the criteria of being quite healthy, while in terms of liquidity in 2021 there is increase, in 2022-2025 it tends to be stable in criterion 1 very healthy


breath sounds over the right lung base. CT chest showed right lower lobe lung mass with loculated pleural effusion. He was also diagnosed with dermatomyositis based on characteristic skin rash, proximal muscle weakness, elevated muscle enzymes and compatible electromyography changes. Pleural fluid workup was positive for tuberculosis (TB). However, malignancy was still a concern given its strong association with dermatomyositis. As pleural fluid cytology and percutaneous biopsy of the lung mass was unrevealing, he underwent a surgical lung biopsy and the histology showed hyalinizing granuloma. The lung mass persisted despite completion of anti-TB drugs, and a repeat biopsy was again negative for malignancy. With time, he demonstrated the more classical radiological features of silicosis, with diffuse small nodules and eggshell calcification of mediastinal lymph nodes. Reexamination of the lung mass histology showed palisading granulomas and necrosis with many polarisable particles, which turned out to be silicon dioxide on spectral analysis. Detailed occupation history revealed significant silica exposure in the construction industry. A diagnosis of progressive massive fibrosis was made. This case illustrates the association between silicosis, TB and dermatomyositis. Silicosis increases the risk of TB by two-to-three-fold. Silicosis is also associated with dermatomyositis, though this association is rare, with less than ten cases reported, and postulated to be related to dysregulation of autoimmunity. This case brings to awareness how these seemingly unrelated conditions are in fact connected.


Three cadmium(II) complexes of 1,3-diazinane-2-thione (diaz); dichloridotetrakis(1,3-diazinane-2thione)cadmium(II), [Cd(diaz)4Cl2] (1), bis(thiocyanato-jN)bis(1,3-diazinane-2-thione)cadmium(II), [Cd (diaz)2(NCS)2] (2) and poly[diazidobis(1,3-diazinane-2-thione)cadmium(II)], [Cd(diaz)2(N3)2]n (3) were prepared and their crystal structures were determined by X-ray crystallography. The compounds 1 and 2 exist in the monomeric forms as discrete nonionic molecules. In 1, the cadmium atom is octahedrally coordinated by two trans chloride ions and four diaz ligands, while in 2, it is bound to two thione molecules and two thiocyanato ions through nitrogen atoms in a tetrahedral environment. The structure of 1 is stabilized by intramolecular NAH Cl hydrogen bonds and layers are formed by additional intermolecular NAH S hydrogen bonds. The crystal structure of 2 is characterized by intermolecular NAH S hydrogen bonding and S S interactions. The complex 3 exists in the form of a polymeric chain consisting of [Cd(diaz)2(N3)2] units. In 3 each cadmium atom is octahedrally coordinated by two trans diaz ligands and four doubly-bridging, m(1,3) azide groups. The coordination chain is stabilized by additional NAH N intrachain hydrogen bonds and, overall a 3D network is formed by interchain NAH N and NAH S hydrogen bonds. The complexes 1–3 were also characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy, and the spectroscopic data indicated the coordination of ligands to cadmium(II). 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


The complement system plays a key role in normal placentation, and delicate regulation of complement system activation is critical for successful pregnancy. Therefore, establishing a normal range of complement components during pregnancy is important for clinical evaluation and research.


The success of bone-marrow transplantation between homologous rats after several different doses of x radiation was studied. Long-lasting and exensive transplants of donor marrow were observed in about a fourth of the rats received 300 or 500 r of x rays (LD50/30 days, 725 r). There were no permanent transplants in rats that received 225 r or less, although a small number of the donor-type red cells were seen in the circulation for a few weeks in some animals. (auth)


We show that Iog is needed to eliminatequantifiers in the theory of the real numbers with restricted analyticfunctions and exponentiation.


Emerging optical networks to carry burgeoning Internet traffic require many more optical components, and different types of components, than the initial point-to-point systems. 80 channel systems are very complex and require hundreds of discrete optical devices, as opposed to initial 4 channel systems, which only needed 10-20 discrete optical components. One approach to reducing the cost per function of optical components is through integration of multiple functions in a single package. Fairly complex integrated optical circuits have already been developed in the form of Arrayed Waveguide Gratings (AWG) for Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing. In this paper we give an introduction to integrated optical circuits in the form of Planar Lightwave Circuits. Next we discuss the design and manufacturing of AWG. Then we detail the design trade-offs necessary to achieve desired system performance. Special emphasis is given to the causes of insertion loss and cross- talk, and the role of process control in manufacturing is highlighted.


Chapter 3 introduces many of the topics of the book by tracing the evolution of UN system budgeting from the mid-nineteenth-century international unions, several of which are predecessor organizations of today's UN specialized agencies, through the interwar League of Nations to the main geopolitical changes after World War II. This historical perspective demonstrates the continuity in some of the budgeting dynamics throughout more than a century. It shows how principal and agency complexity in the UN are based on early design decisions in the League of Nations. It highlights how voluntary funding of the League of Nation's Health Organization looked similar to today's financial support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, suggesting that principal complexity has always included actors beyond states. And the chapter explores how the complexity of the IO bureaucracy responsible for managing money and discord evolved from small, host-state supervised bureaucratic units to today's major administrative operations.


The term "ecosystem services"refers to products such as water and ecological processes such as the natural filtering of water which the natural environment provides to mankind in the form of changed conditions in ecosystems.Ecosystem services is the material base and natural capital of human sustainable development. Research related to the value of these dynamic ecological services provides research data and refined information to land managers who can apply research results to the rational allocation of resources.In recent years,with the gradual deepening of this field of study as well as the development of 3S technology,more research has begun to focus on spatial ecosystem patterns and factors influencing the value of ecosystem services while achieving a series of impressive results. However,most previous studies lack spatial variation of the ecosystem services value. The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps( short for the Xinjiang Corps) is located in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. It is a major green ecological barrier of the Xinjiang,and it is of great strategic significance to agricultural development and economic construction of the Xinjiang. Using land use data which is extracted by TM and HJ1A-CCD1 of the Xinjiang Corps in 2000 and 2010,based on the Costanza method and the Chinese land ecosystem services unit area value proposed by Xie Gaodi,This paper analyzes the temporal and spatial variation of the value of ecosystem services of Xinjiang Corps form 2000 to 2010 by RS and GIS technology. The results showed that during2000—2010,the value of ecosystem service of per unit area increased by 204. 61 yuan /( hm2. a) in the Xinjiang Corps,annual growth rate was 0. 41%. The ecosystem service value of cropland and woodland showed an increasing trend,the ecosystem service value of grassland,water body,unused land showed an decreasing trend. The value of ecosystem services of per unit area differ greatly in different divisions. The basic rule high to low was: division 1,division 6,division 10,division 4,division 9,division 8,division 5,division 14,division 7,division 2,division 12,division 3 and division 13.the ecosystem service value of per unit area of division 1,division 2,division 4,division 6,division 7,division 8 and division 12 showed an increasing trend. the ecosystem service value of per unit area of division 3,division 5,division 9,division 13 and division 14 showed an decreasing trend. The value of ecosystem services provided by of different land use types are quite different,with natural and artificial factors leading to changes in the type of land use present on a particular parcel of land.Manmade reclamation activities are the main driving factor for spatial and temporal dynamics seen in the value of ecosystem services provided by the Xinjiang Corps. Increasement of the cropland and decrease of the grassland lead to oasis and desertification development. To improve the ecosystem service value,land use planners should strive to protect water bodies,wetlands,vegetation,and environmentally sensitive areas.


Bullying is a common occurrence in U.S.'s schools and is currently at the forefront of national attention. Unfortunately, students with disabilities are frequently the targets of peer-on-peer bullying. The purpose of this article is to examine the legal ramifications when students with disabilities are bullied in school settings. We address court cases, state educational agency decisions, Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP) guidance, and Office of Civil Rights (OCR) rulings that have held that bullying may violate Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act. School personnel must address the bullying of students with disabilities in a quick and efficient manner. In fact, these decisions show that when bullying is not stopped, school district officials and personnel may be subjecting their school districts to legal risks. We end by proposing how school district officials can develop legally sound policies for identifying, investigating, and responding to incidences of bullying of students with disabilities.