With the fast development of MEMS (micro electro mechanical systems) devices the demand for miniaturized power source is increasing quickly. A micro-combustor is one of the key components of these devices in which the fuel-air mixture is burnt. In the past few years, intense research efforts have been made on catalytic micro-reactors using hydrocarbons as fuel for a variety of portable power production systems. The applications of these micro-reactors include scaled-down thermal engines, wherein a catalytic micro-burner is used for the direct conversion of chemical energy to thermal energy, catalytic micro-thrusters for space applications, and micro-reactors used for fuel reforming in micro solid oxide fuel cells. The present work is aimed at developing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach for the investigation of characteristics of air and oxy-fuel combustion in micro-channels. The simulations are based on the numerical solution of the conservation of mass, momentum, energy and species equations of two dimensional flows. The present work as being related to micro-channels will provide a basis for development of new technologies such as carbon-free combustors for use in gas turbines and boilers in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.


The purpose of the work was to study the effect of laser modification of the cutting edge on changes in the structure and mechanical properties of the surface layer of parts made of hot–rolled structural carbon steels of grades 20, 35, 45 using a fiber laser.Methods. Structural carbon steels of grades 20, 35, 45 were selected as the objects of the study. To study the effect of laser modification on changes in the structure and mechanical properties of machine parts using laser cutting, special samples were made in the form of plates with a thickness of 2 mm (st20 and st45) and 4 mm (st35). After gas laser cutting, laser modification of the Q-switch cutting edge was performed with a fiber pulsed laser.Results. The regularities of changes in the structure of the zone of gas-laser thermal exposure after laser treatment (cutting, modification) are revealed. It has been established that repeated laser treatment (laser modification) of the cutting edge does not lead to a change in the structural components and microhardness in the zone of gas-laser thermal effects obtained after laser cutting. It has been established that the nature of the microhardness change is the same for all the studied steel grades: the highest values are reached near the surface of gas-laser treatment and are, for example, for steel grade 35 470-560 HV, which is 3,2-3,9 times greater than the initial microhardness (145 HV). Thus, a hardened layer with increased wear resistance is formed on the surface of the part after laser treatment. It is shown that the use of laser surface modification as an additional operation in the manufacture of parts by laser cutting makes it possible to improve the quality (roughness) of the surface layer. At the same time, the greatest effect of reducing roughness is given by laser modification in three passes along the X-Y plane.Conclusion. The results obtained can be used in the creation of resource-saving material processing processes.


Palaeoerosion sedimentary discontinuity type gold deposit is major type gold deposit of western Guangxi. The metallogenic geological condition of this type gold deposit are analyzed, the genesis and metallogenic mechanism are also discussed, the author thinks this type gold ore mining and semlt easy, there are remarkable economic results, and the author proposes that the devolop capability should build up.


Abstract Steganography is the practice of concealing a file, message, image, or video within another file, message,image, or video. The word steganography com- bines the Greek words steganos, meaning "covered, concealed, or protected," and graphein meaning "writing. As for these days, we would like to keep some files securely so it will not be altered, or removed by someone irresponsible. In this thesis, we proposed a method for Audio steganography using Data Encryption Standard (DES) and embedded to not just one but two hosts using Least Significant Bit (LSB) algorithm thats why its called Double Audio Steganography. The main objectives of this thesis is to hide audio steganography information inside another audio without people being suspicious and we can do it more safely and more securely. Also, this thesis resulted an audio greater than 20 dB, which is a standard distorted file and successfully embed and extract the secret message completely with anoise of 100 dB or higher and without noise attacking the audio. Keywords: Concealing a file, DES algorithm, Double Audio Steganography, LSB Method.


This study tests the effects of balanced budget requirements on three measures of state expenditure using data on 48 states for the years 1950–2004. We find that the following rules are effective in constraining expenditures: (1) requiring that the governor submits a balanced budget; (2) placing controls on supplemental appropriations; and (3) prohibiting the carry‐over of a deficit from one fiscal year or biennium into the next. The latter two rules exert larger individual effects than the first. All else equal, states can best improve their prospects of reigning in spending by instituting technical rules that govern budgetary outcomes, as opposed to political rules that dictate how the budget is assembled and approved.


Purpose – The aim of this paper is to formulate the effect of the process variation on various leakage currents and subthreshold swing factor in FinFET devices. These variations cause a large spread in leakage power, since it is extremely sensitive to process variations, which in turn results in larger temperature variations across different dies.Design/methodology/approach – Owing to large temperature variation within the die, the authors investigate the variation of various leakage currents with absolute die temperature.Findings – The results obtained on the basis of the model are compared and contrasted with reported numerical and experimental results. A close match was found which validates the analytical approach.Originality/value – The analytical modeling of subthreshold leakage current, subthreshold swing, gate leakage current and its variation with process parameters are carried out in this paper.


This paper sorted out the examination and approval proceeding in forest property transfer procedure by taking some local regulations and local rules as the research objects,then analyzed its legal attribute and legal validity,and put forward a proposal for regulating procedure of forest property transfer.


Antonio Damasio's book on the construction of the self is a fascinating tale of reverse engineering. Reflecting on the achievements of humans, he asks how and why the conscious self is constructed, and which regions of the brain are involved in its construction. Before Damasio offers his answers, though, he embarks on a journey of exploration of those mental processes without which the self could not exist. These are map making, representing the body and the external world via the body, experiencing emotions, and remembering. Next, Damasio addresses the issue of how self and consciousness evolved from these mental processes. He discusses self and consciousness together because he believes that autobiographical consciousness is both necessary and sufficient for the autobiographical self. Here is a brief summary of the book contents. Damasio starts by introducing the notion of the self. Selves are constructed out of mental processes, and minds need to be conscious for selves to develop. He then asks two preliminary questions: (1) How do brains construct minds? and (2) Why is it advantageous to develop minds that are conscious? In the first part of the book, Damasio explains how the brain gives rise to the mental processes that serve as the building blocks of the conscious self and argues that the main regions for basic mind-making are the cerebral cortex and the brain stem, with a further contribution from the hippocampus and the cerebellum. Damasio argues that brains are constant cartographers, making maps and forming representations of the body and of the entities the body interacts with. Damasio observes that having the body ''in mind'' helps govern behaviour when life is threatened, but is also the means by which we get to know our own body and the world around us. Next, Damasio revisits his own theory of feelings and emotions, and describes the mechanisms responsible for learning and recall, concluding that, due to the impossibility of storing records of all interactions between body and outer entities, memory is never perfectly faithful. COGNITIVE NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2012, 17 (2), 191 195


Sinocyclocheilus tileihornes Mao, Lu et Li, sp. nov (Fig. 1 ). Holotype, No2002091001,73 mm SL, was collected from Agang Subterranean river (24°48'N,103°58' Eluoping County, Yunnan on Sept. 3,2002. Paratypes 6 specimens, No2002091002 -2002091007, 60 -68 mm SL, were collected from the same locality as the holotype.
D,iii,7;A,ii,5;P,i,12 - 15;V,i,6;Gill-rakers 6-8, Lateral line pore, 36 -40, Pharyngeal teeth 3 rows, 2. 3.4/4. 3. 2 . Depth of body 3. 1-3. 3 (3. 2 ) in SL, head length 2. 9-3.1(3.0) , caudal peduncle length 4.4 -5.6(4.9) , caudal peduncle depth 8.1-10.5(9.2). Snout 2.1 -2.9(2.6) in head, eye 13.1 -20.0(16. 8),interorbital 3.9 -5.1 (4.2). Depth of caudal peduncle 1.4 -2.3( 1.9) in its length.
The new species is similar to 5. rhinocerous Li et Tao( 1994, but differs from the latter in the following aspects; ( 1) Without lateral line scales; (2) The horn top being forked like tile; (3) Ventral fin longer, extend to the anus or the origin of anal fin.
The type specimens are all deposited in Qujing Fishery Administration, Yunnan.


Many independent discoveries led to the discovery of the atom. Einstein's explanation of Brownian motion provided proof that atoms exist. J.J. Thomson identified the cathode rays produced in Crookes' tube as electrons. Rutherford discovered that most atom mass is concentrated in a small central region. Bohr combined this with Planck's quantized energy results from blackbody radiation studies to create the first physical model of the atom. Schrodinger, Heisenberg, and Born mathematically model the behavior of orbiting electrons, Heisenberg discovers uncertainty, Pauli defines exclusion, Dirac predicts spin, Chadwick discovers neutrons, and Fermi discovers weak interaction. Finally, Hahn, Meitner, and Strassmann discover nuclear fission, Yukawa discovers the strong interaction, the Stanford Linear Accelerator discovers the quark, and physicists capture the strong, weak, and electromagnetic fundamental interactions in the Standard Model.


We demonstrate the fabrication of an ultrathin gallium film, also known as gallenene, beneath epitaxial graphene on 6H-SiC under ambient conditions triggered by liquid gallium intercalation. Gallenene has been fabricated using liquid metal intercalation, achieving lateral intercalation and diffusion of Ga atoms at room temperature on square centimeter areas limited only by the graphene samples' size. The stepwise self-propagation of the gallenene film below the epitaxial graphene surface on the macroscopic scale was observed by optical microscopy shortly after the initial processing without further physical or chemical treatment. Directional Ga diffusion of gallenene occurs on SiC terraces since the terrace steps form an energetic barrier (Ehrlich-Schwoebel barrier), retarding the gallenene propagation. The subsequent conversion of the epitaxial graphene into quasi-free-standing bilayer graphene and the graphene-gallenene heterostack interactions have been analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman measurements. The results reveal an alternative approach for the controlled fabrication of wafer-scale gallenene as well as for two-dimensional heterostructures and stacks based on the interaction between liquid metal and epitaxial graphene.


Mi Yingxian, native of Hubei Chongyang, was the recognized founder of Peking opera. In the periods of Qianlong and Jiaqing, he brought his Hubei Han tune to Beijing. He became the leader role of Chuntai Troupe, one of the four Hui troupes. Later, the Han tune converged with Hui tune, which marked the formation of Peking opera. Mi Yingxian was one of the key figures in the confluence of the Han tune and Hui tune. For two hundred years he was recognized as the ancestor of elderly male characters in Peking opera circle and has enjoyed a high reputation in the history of Chinese opera. But unfortunately, such an important artistic master with national influence hasn't been paid enough attention in Xianning City and Chongyang County. This paper has evaluated Mi Yingxian's outstanding position in the history of Chinese opera, analyzed the current situation and problems in the development and protection of his opera culture, and put forward corresponding countermeasures and approaches. Keywords—founder of Peking opera; Mi Yingxian; Chongyang county; opera culture; development and protection


I agree with K Dickson's views on the attitude of nurses expecting handsome payments for work during the millennium, on what is, for most intents and purposes, no different to any other new year. Moreover, I am disappointed to see that the public sector staff seem to think that they are being financially disadvantaged in comparison with the private/independent sector, perhaps conveniently forgetting that these colleagues generally have fewer public holidays, less paid annual leave, less opportunity for professional development and less job security.


A design guidelines handbook prepared to provide criteria for assessing and minimizing spacecraft charging interactions is described. An evaluation philosophy of analyzing specific satellite designs in a substorm environment specification with NASCAP is proposed. Criteria for possible discharges are given and a technique for computing the discharge transients is outlined. The charging of a three axis stabilized satellite is examined to illustrate the philosophy. Possible discharge locations are found and transients computed. The effect of changing selected surface coatings is evaluated and found to substantially reduce charging levels.


As the world is increasingly becoming multicultural , the need for cultural competence education to students of health care is essential t o ensure a culturally competent workforce. The main purpose of this study is to determine the students' perceptions of culture care and its importance in their work conte xts. The main aim is to identify how students' worldview, cultural and socio-cultural fa ctors influence the way of care to people of diverse cultures. Qualitative method was used in this study and an open-ended questionnaire was used to collect the data. The dat a was analysed through deductive/theory-based method whereby, data was ana lysed based on Leininger's Sunrise Enabler tool to discover culture care perce ptions of the students. The results revealed were based on Leininger's theory of cultur e care and this include: Culture care values as inherited or learned by the students, Cul ture care values as influenced by the students' worldview, cultural and socio-cultural fa ctors, and Culture care values as applied in students work contexts. From the results , it shows how culture care values are acquired by the students, what influences the stude nts' culture care values and where culture care values can be applied by the students. In conclusion, culture plays a major role in caring for people from diverse cultures, an d without the understanding of the cultural background of the clients you are working with; it will be difficult to satisfy their needs. However, the researcher recommends som e actions to be taken by the faculties teaching health care students, these acti ons nclude teaching culture care without interfering with the students cultural beli efs of care, finding better ways and methods to teach culture care for better understand ing and finally, designing their curriculum to accommodate the teaching of culture c are to other healthcare students apart from nursing.


This study analyzed the costs and return of groundnut processing in Taraba State, Nigeria. A purposive and three-stage sampling technique were adopted in selecting the data used for the study from a sample of 170 groundnut processors. Descriptive statistics, gross margin and return on investment were used to analyze the data. The study revealed that (31%) of the processors were between the age group 36-45, most of the processors (45%) were married and 95% of them were women. Majority of the processors 58% had house hold size ranging from 6-10. The study also shows that majority of the processors 58% had informal education and relied mostly on traditional tools and equipment for processing groundnut and most of the them 46% had years of experience in groundnut processing between 11-20. The gross margin of groundnut oil processors was estimated at N103 per kg of raw groundnut. The return on investment in the enterprise was estimated at 41%. Based on the findings, this study recommends that effort should be made to encourage groundnut processors to form cooperate societies in order to enable them acquire equipment and funds from banks and government. Government should encourage the public and private sectors to support and invest in ground processing.


Digital system design with LSI and VLSI circuits can be better understood and performed if one can define an implementation-independent abstract processor, map processes on it, and proceed by steps, in a top-down fashion, from this abstraction to realization.


Nurses have moved too far from patient care and are overly obsessed with theory, Dame Kathleen Raven, former Chief Nursing Officer for England, told the RCN Annual Dinner last week.


For centuries, numerous treatments were used, of the most varied origins and based on the most unlikely foundations designed to hasten recovery and improve the survival of patients with whooping cough. In 1906, when the bacterial origin of whooping cough was identified, the hope for a potential treatment arose, however, only decades later, humanity would face a significant change with the con solidation of an effective vaccination. This article provides a historical review from the use of some of the most frequent treatments devised between the 18th-20th centuries for the cure of whooping cough. Some of the therapies offered in Chile in the first half of the last century are emphasized and detailed.


The invention discloses a method for growing graphene in a silicon micro-channel plate. The method comprises the following steps: (1) pretreatment: soaking the silicon micro-channel plate into corrosive liquid; (2) electroless nickel plating: putting the pretreated silicon micro-channel plate into an electroless nickel plating solution to perform chemical plating of porous nickel; (3) hydrothermal polyol carburization: soaking the nickel-plated silicon micro-channel plate into a surfactant once again, and putting the soaked nickel-plated silicon micro-channel plate into a hydrothermal reaction kettle filled with polyol and a sodium salt catalyst; and (4) annealing: annealing the silicon micro-channel plate containing nickel carbide in a tubular furnace. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the problem of failure in plugging graphene into a silicon micro-channel with an electrophoretic technique is solved; and meanwhile, the defects of complex graphene growing process and high cost in a chemical vapor deposition method are overcome. A plurality of layers of graphene can be grown on the surface and in holes of the nickel-plated silicon micro-channel plate with a high depth-width ratio. The method has the characteristics of environmental friendliness, easiness, feasibility, low cost and the like.


A mathematical model of rock-bed filtration process was formulated and a numerical computation scheme was developed. Eight physical and biological processes, namely, reaeration, sedimentation of organic and inert particulate matter, oxic decomposition of dissolved organic matter, nitrification, and oxic, anoxic, and anaerobic decomposition of organics in sediments were incorporated in the model. The functions describing the qchange in concentrations of six water quality indices and two sediment fractions were obtained from the conversion rate functions based on the IAWPRC approach in a matrix format. The respective differential equations were then solved sequentially using the numerical solution scheme with known initial conditions for a given time step along the reactor length. The simulated changes in the concentrations of water quality indices and sediment fractions were compared with the results of the Inagawa river project for evaluating the model performance. It was possible to obtain a reasonable a...


Objective To investigate whether the hypermethylation of p16 gene is present or not.Method The methylation pattern at 5′ CpG island of p16 gene was analyzed by PCR combined with methylation sensitive restriction endonuclease enzymes Hpa Ⅱ、Sac Ⅱ and FnuDⅡ in the normal tissue in 5 cases and 14 primary tumors and in 2 of which metastatic tumors were available.Results 5′ CpG island methylation occured in 4/14 primary tumors and 1/2 metastatic tumors.no methylation occured in the normal tissue in 5 cases,no homozygous deletions occured in neuroblastomas since all tumor DNA undigested displayed specific bands after PCR amplification.Methylation scattered from stage Ⅱ to stage Ⅳ,both the primary and metastatic DNA display methylation in one Ⅳ stage patient.This indicated that methylation occured prior to metastasis and methylation of CpG island was early event of this tumorigenesis.Conclusions De novo 5′ CpG island methylation of p16 gene is an important and common mode of inactivation for this negative regulator of cell cycle in neuroblastomas.


Background Research on audiovisual post-attentive integration has been carried out using a variety of experimental paradigms and experimental groups but not yet studied in dyslexia. We investigated post-attentive integration and topographic voltage distribution in children with dyslexia by analysing the P300 event-related potential (ERP) component. Methods We used a 128-child ERP net for the ERP experiment. Two types of stimuli were presented as either congruent or incongruent stimuli. Congruent stimuli included a matching auditory sound with an animal image, whereas incongruent stimuli included unmatched animal sounds. A total of 24 age-matched children were recruited in the control (n = 12) and dyslexia (n = 12) groups. Children pressed button '1' or '2' when presented with congruent or incongruent stimuli, respectively. The P300 amplitudes and latencies with topographic voltage distribution were analysed for both groups. Results The dyslexia group evoked significantly higher P300 amplitudes at the T4 area than the control group. No significant differences were found in cases of P300 latency. Moreover, the dyslexia group demonstrated a higher intensity of P300 voltage distribution in the right parietal and left occipital areas than the control group. Conclusion Post-attentive integration for children with dyslexia is higher and that this integration process implicated the parietal and occipital areas.


Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 1 Brief analysis ............................................................................................................................................ 1 Historical data .......................................................................................................................................... 2 Labour market .......................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Employment .................................................................................................................................. 3 1.2 Unemployment ............................................................................................................................. 4 1.3 Labour force .................................................................................................................................. 5 1.4 Long-term unemployed ................................................................................................................ 6 1.5 Youth unemployment ................................................................................................................... 7 1.6 Industrial disputes......................................................................................................................... 8 Wages and prices ..................................................................................................................................... 9 2.1 Average weekly ordinary time earnings ....................................................................................... 9 2.2 Real average weekly ordinary time earnings .............................................................................. 10 RESEARCH PAPER NO. 14, 2010–11 1 June 2011


The paper considers a situation when a terrorist with N attack facilities allocates its resource between attacking an object and protecting the facilities that will be used in the attack. A government allocates its resource between protecting the object passively and striking actively and preventively against all or a subset of the attack facilities. The government strikes preventively if the object destruction probability is lower than when choosing passive defense. The paper formulates a zero-sum situation in which the terrorist chooses how to distribute its resource between the attack and protection efforts where the government chooses how to distribute its resource between the (PS) preventive strike and protection efforts and decides how many facilities to strike. It is shown that independently of the number of facilities the government strikes, the sum of the fraction of the terrorist's resource allocated to attack and the fraction of the government's resource allocated to the PS always equals one. The condition of the PS effectiveness is formulated. Examples are provided to illustrate the methodology of the model analysis.


The Bhagavad Gita, the sacred song of God composed about 200 BC, is really ancient truths for our modern world, and these will be related to the art and wisdom of essential leadership. Here, in this short essay, the practitioner-academician author examines the various tenets of the Bhagavad Gita and applies them and their relevance to leadership. Some of these teachings will indeed inspire the readers.


The Home Access Health Corporation received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval to market Home Access Express, an anonymous HIV home testing system with a 24-hour counseling component. Home Access' HIV home test system is composed of four steps: anonymous registration and pre-test counseling, sample collection, lab processing, and test results retrieval and post-test counseling. Telephone orders for the Home Access are currently being taken; the test will be distributed through public health departments and pharmacies later this year.


A kind of environment friendly finishing chemicals for treating polypropylene plastic surface is developed with chlorined polypropylene as main material. The influence of the varieties and amounts of binders, solvents and emulsifiers to the adhesion between coating film and polypropylene is discussed. The optimized formulation is designed. The experiment results show that the adhesion between coating film and polypropylene is improved after treating the surface of polypropylene by above- mentioned finishing chemicals.


There are inconclusive data on the effect of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) on radiographic spinal progression in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Although inflammation and new bone formation are linked in axSpA, TNFi failed to show inhibition of radiographic spinal progression over two years compared to historical cohorts in pivotal studies in radiographic axSpA. Subsequent observational studies suggested that a longer treatment duration, earlier treatment initiation and effective inflammation suppression might be required to achieve inhibition of radiographic progression.The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of TNFi on radiographic spinal progression in patients with early axSpA in a long-term inception cohort.A total of 266 patients with early axSpA (with r-axSpA with symptom duration ≤10 years and nr-axSpA with symptom duration ≤5 years) from the German Spondyloarthritis Inception Cohort (GESPIC) with at least two sets of spinal radiographs obtained at least 2 years apart during a 10-year follow-up were included. These patients contributed with a total of 542 2-year radiographic intervals. Spinal radiographs were evaluated by three trained and calibrated readers according to the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS). The final mSASSS was calculated as a mean of three reader scores. The association between the current TNFi, previous TNFi and radiographic spinal progression defined as the absolute mSASSS change score over 2 years was analyzed using longitudinal generalized estimating equations (GEE) analysis.Only 9 patients were treated with a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) at baseline, and a total of 77 patients received TNFi during the entire follow-up period that gave 103 2-year intervals covered by TNFi of any duration, and 78 intervals covered by TNFi with treatment duration of at least 12 months. Radiographic spinal progression in axSpA patients receiving TNFi in the current 2-year interval was not different from progression in patients not treated with TNFi, while TNFi in the previous 2-year interval was associated with lower progression compared to patients without TNFi in this interval (Figure 1). The latter was also evident for patients who received TNFi in both previous and current 2-year intervals, i.e. patients treated with TNFi over 4 years. The longitudinal GEE analysis confirmed no significant association between current TNFi treatment and radiographic spinal progression but a significant association between TNFi in the previous 2-year interval (especially if this was continued also in the current interval giving 4 years in total) and the progression in the current one (Table 1).Table 1.The association between the change of the mSASSS over two years and current and/or previous treatment with TNFi in the longitudinal generalized estimation equation analysis.TNFi treatment definitionReferenceβ*(95% CI)TNFi for ≥12 months in the previous 2-year intervalTNFi for ≥12 months in the current 2-year intervalYesNo TNFi for ≥12 months in the current 2-year interval-0.19(-0.56 to 0.18)YesNo TNFi for ≥12 months in the previous 2-year interval-0.56(-0.95 to -0.17)YesYesNo TNFi for ≥12 months in the current and previous 2-year intervals-0.59(-1.03 to -0.15)*Parameter estimates from the multivariable models adjusted for sex, symptom duration at the beginning of the current 2-year interval, time-averaged ASDAS in the current 2-year interval, smoking in the current 2-year interval, classification as non-radiographic or radiographic axSpA, and mSASSS at the beginning of the current 2-year interval.TNFi treatment exhibits a time-shifted inhibitory effect on radiographic spinal progression in axSpA that becomes evident only in the second 2-year interval after treatment initiation.GESPIC was initially supported by the BMBF. As consequence of the funding reduction by BMBF according to schedule in 2005 and stopped in 2007, complementary financial support has been obtained also from Abbott, Amgen, Centocor, Schering–Plough, and Wyeth. Starting from 2010, the core GESPIC cohort was supported by AbbVie.Denis Poddubnyy Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Biocad, Gilead, GlaxoSmithKline, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Samsung Bioepis, and UCB, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, MSD, Novartis, and Pfizer, Valeria Rios Rodriguez: None declared, Murat Torgutalp: None declared, Ani Dilbaryan: None declared, Maryna Verba: None declared, Fabian Proft: None declared, Mikhail Protopopov: None declared, Judith Rademacher: None declared, Hildrun Haibel: None declared, Joachim Sieper: None declared, Martin Rudwaleit Consultant of: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Janssen, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, UCB Pharma


Ovalbumin, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, and a combination of metabolic and somatic antigens of Haemonchus contortus were injected into rabbits via the intravenous, intramuscular, intradermal and intraperitoneal routes. Haemagglutination titres were obtained on untreated sera and sera after reduction and alkylation. The data suggest that the route of injection most efficient in stimulating the production of circulating antibody would depend upon whether the antigen in question elicits 19S globulin, 7S globulin or a combination of the two either in the form of sequential synthesis or a prolonged response of both types of immunoglobulins.


Sales of electric vehicles (EVs) have recently increased because of growing interest in their environment and technological benefits. To promote the efficient use of solar-powered EVs, a dedicated parking lot can be installed in locations where a significant quantity of solar power is incident. In this study, 16 parking lots (A1-A8, B1-B8) at the Daeyeon Campus of the Pukyong National University were analyzed for their suitability as solar-powered EV parking lots. Images of the sky were captured at each parking lot with a fisheye lens camera, and light-receiving obstacles were analyzed by superimposing the solar path. Subsequently, the solar access values of 16 candidate sites were calculated, and the A1 parking lot was selected as the optimal location for the solar-powered EV parking lot.


In April 2001, deadlocked labour negotiations brought all public education in Hawaii to a standstill. This paper reviews theoretical models of public relations and criticism of these models in terms of conflict theory. A case study of the University of Hawaii (UH) faculty strike, including findings from in‐depth interviews with PR professionals, chief negotiators and the press is presented. Although PR models fit well in discussing relationships between the parties and their constituents, findings suggest that PR techniques often were proscribed by the circumstances of collective bargaining, and public relations, as it has been conceptualised in both theory and layman's terms, was used as an alternative to negotiations between opposing parties rather than a means to resolving the conflict.


The design of a classifier usually has the important step of attribute selection. A computationally tractable scheme almost always relies on a subset of attributes that optimize a certain criterion is chosen. The result is usually a good sub-optimal solution. Previously we showed how an all attributes approach can be used efficiently by the classifier to classify a given data point in a binary dataset. The resulting classifier is transparent, and the approach compares favorably with previous approaches in both accuracy and efficiency. This paper extends that work to multi-class data sets and the order of attribute use in the classification process


Integrating our transportation systems with their physical and technological differences, geographic dispersions, different owners, different customers, and different patterns of labor organization will take an ongoing effort that stretches over many years. But that effort, no matter how complex, no matter how demanding, is essential and we need to continue it. We continue to face growing travel demand, inadequate capacity, bottlenecks, poor connections between modes and an aging and deteriorating infrastructure. We cannot take any of that lightly. Intermodalism will help us enable the system users, the military, private shippers, and government transportation agencies to use the best mode or combination of modes to meet their needs in moving people and goods and reduce the burden on system segments, especially when such a strategy is cheaper than major new construction. Doing that means ensuring good compatible connections between modes and providing genuine consumer choice. Government's role in promoting intermodalism has to take different forms. We should continue our efforts at deregulation to end economic distortion. As the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) has mandated, government at all levels must improve their transportation planning process to ensure that the best projects are chosen for investment of federal funds. The federal government can provide leadership in this effort. The creation of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Office of Intermodalism and of a DOT-wide Directorate of Technology Deployment are steps in this direction. The Bureau of Transportation Statistics is intermodal in its orientation and available to provide data that are useful for all modes and all sectors. DOT is also devoting increasingly greater proportions of its research to intermodal topics and to programs that transcend the modes. DOT believes it is critical to shift some of our research resources into the soft side, that is, into policy and institutional research. Through the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) barriers to local-level intermodal planning and operations are being identified. DOT is acting to improve data availability on all aspects of system performance and for the systems that collect and distribute these data. This is essential for effective intermodal planning and decision making in both government and business. DOT is providing educational and training assistance. Both the National Transit Institute and the National Highway Institute support intermodal programs that offer training and employee development in areas across the traditional lines. The Rural Transit Assistance and the Motor Carrier Safety Assistance Program also provide extensive intermodal training and technical assistance. DOT is undertaking extensive outreach on research issues through the Volpe Center in Cambridge and through the Turner Fairbanks Center in the Washington area. All of these efforts contribute to an intermodal research agenda that is technological, institutional, informational, and educational.


Minority‐carrier diffusion lengths in GaAs at 298 K were determined in Ge‐doped p‐type layers and Sn‐doped n‐type layers by short‐circuit photocurrent measurements. The layers were grown by liquid‐phase epitaxy and utilized a 1‐ to 2‐μ top layer of Al0.5Ga0.5As to eliminate surface recombination. Electron diffusion lengths Ln of 7–8 μ were obtained at concentrations less than 1×1018 holes/cm3 with a decrease to 0.8 μ at 1×1019 holes/cm3. Hole diffusion lengths Lp of 2–4μ were obtained at concentrations less than 1×1018 electrons/cm3 with a decrease to 0.3 μ at 6×1018 electrons/cm3. The relatively constant diffusion length in p‐ and n‐type layers below concentrations of 1×1018 cm−3 is determined by nonradiative recombination. At hole concentrations above 1×1018 cm−3, the radiative recombination contributes to the decrease in Ln. For the n‐type layers, the rapid decrease in Lp above concentrations of 1×1018 cm−3 results from an increase of nonradiative recombination at high donor concentrations.


BACKGROUND
 Anemia is a worldwide major problem known to affect people throughout the world. It has an adverse effect on both the social and economic development. The worldwide prevalence of anemia is 9% in developed nations. The global estimate indicates that 293.1 million of children under five years, approximately 43%, are anaemic worldwide and 28.5% of these children are found in sub Saharan Africa. In Zambia specifically Kasempa, no documented studies on prevalence have been done. Despite iron supplementation being given to pregnant women and the availability of blood transfusion. The burden of the disease remains high as determined by high mortality and morbidity. This study aims at determining the prevalence of anemia and the associated risk factors among under-five children at Mukinge Mission Hospital in Kasempa District. Knowledge of prevalence and the associated risk factors of anaemia will enhance early detection and timely management.

 OBJECTIVE
 1.To determine the hemoglobin status of anaemia by its severity among anaemic under-five children admitted at Mukinge Mission Hospital.
2.To assess the association of anaemia with Malaria among under-five children admitted at Mukinge Mission Hospital.

 METHODS
 This was a retrospective study review of under-five children that were diagnosed and managed of Anemia at Mukinge Missions Hospital, over the period of period of 2015, 2017 and 2018. .Data of the variables of interest was extracted and analyzed using SPSS.

 RESULTS
 A sample population of 52 children was included in our study. The majority of the children were females 28 (53.8 %) and 24 (46.2 %) were Males. It was found that moderate and severe anaemia was 17.3% and 82.7 % respectively. Additionally, Majority of the anaemic children (75%) had Normocytic anaemia. The Pearson Chi square test revealed no statistical relationship between the variables; Malaria (p=0.58), Age (P=0.82), Gender (P=0.91).

 CONCLUSIONS
 According to our study, 39 (75%) had normal mean corpuscular volume which could suggest chronic diseases and sickle cell anemia. 11 (21.2%) had a low mean corpuscular volume indicating Microcytic anemia which could suggest diseases such as iron deficiency and thalassemia among many other causes. However, we were unable to determine the specific cause of anemia.


Participatory learning is a way of experiential learning,which emphasizes such educational ideas as people- centered,active participation of learners,respect for learning subjectivity and individual development of learners. In process of participatory learning, teachers should make a student- centered instructional design,select a comprehensive task and activity with challenge and feasibility as an entry point for student participation,create a harmonious environment for cooperation and a broad information- technology environment so as to provide guarantee for students to carry out participatory learning. Students are guided to use participatory learning method in teaching, which can arouse the interest of students in learning,enhance their awareness of the involvement.


Performance of farm irrigation systems may be limited by water delivery system flexibility. A soil water storage simulation model (SWSSM) was developed to calculate daily soil water storage and corresponding evapotranspiration and deep percolation as a function of water delivery flexibility for a vineyard in California. Uniformity was nearly constant for a range of irrigation time and furrow inflow rate, thus, delivery flow rate and duration were coalesced into delivery depth. Evapotranspiration and deep percolation were simulated for rotation, modified‐frequency, modified‐amount, and demand schedules. Growers follow a demand schedule during critical growth stages and thereafter a modified‐amount schedule with a choice of fixed frequencies. Converting from the actual rotation schedule to the suggested schedule increased seasonal relative evapotranspiration from 0.73 to 0.84 and decreased delivered depth from 1.16 to 0.75 m. Adjustment for extremes in weather is not possible. A suggested water allocation p...


Biogenic emissions from plants are important components of the Earth System that can affect regional air quality or climate significantly. Plants emit much more biogenic
VOCs into atmosphere compare to human activities; especially during extend warm weather. Therefore the objectives of this study are to study the effects of land cover
change to the biogenic emissions specifically on isoprene in Borneo for the present day (2000 to 2010) and the future (2090 to 2100) climate scenarios, the effects of the climate change on Borneo to the isoprene emissions for the present day (2000 to 2010) and the future (2090 to 2100) climate scenarios and the effects of combined land cover change and climate change to the emissions of isoprene for the present and future day. PRECIS, the regional climate model used in this project, is an atmospheric and land surface model of a limited area with a horizontal resolution of 0.440 x 0.440 (50 km x 50 km). Meanwhile, Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds Emission Model (BVOCEM) was used to estimate biogenic emissions. The emissions of isoprene were compared with Oxidant and Particle Photochemical Processes (OP3) in Danum Valley. The total biogenic emission of isoprene were mainly affected by climate or atmospheriC change alone and combined atmospheric and land cover change. The impacts of land cover change are less significant compared with atmospheric forcing and combined of atmospheric and land cover forcing. In comparing atmospheriC forCing alone and combined forcing, atmospheric forcing alone showed slightly more impacts to the emission of isoprene.


Peter Cunningham, a DNHG member from Al-Ain and a frequent contributor to the Gazelle, has accepted an offer to serve as senior lecturer and coordinator for a B.Tech. degree program in Nature Conservation at Polytechnic of Namibia. Peter is already on station in Windhoek but his responsibilities will carry him around the country and into the field. We have not lost him entirely, however, as his family still resides in Al-Ain, and he will be "commuting" periodically. He is already making UAE field plans for the summer break in December and January, in part to continue his study of the ecology of dhubs (spiny-tailed lizards) in the UAE. Peter's ample time in the field, coupled with his keen eye and professional training, have made him one of the more accomplished UAE observers.


The difficulties and partial successes of applying linguistic rules to natural languages will be discussed. Work in mechanical parsing of English has uncovered its pervasive syntactic ambiguity; and attempts to deal mechanically with the meaning of utterances have been only partially successful. Work in generative grammars has made regularities in language more evident to linguists, and the strict formality of generative rules has led some to believe that they are ideally suited for computer realization; the pitfalls and promises of this view will be pointed out. Finally, a brief discussion of what kinds of language computers can and do understand will suggest some possible routes towards better use of linguistic rules and facts in automatic language processing.


A standard-shaped spillway, when operating at greater than design head, experiences a subatmospheric crest pressure. Quantitative data obtained from laboratory measurements of minimum pressure and discharge occurring during flow over spillways are presented in dimensionless form. Minimum crest pressures as well as discharge coefficients are shown to be functions of the spillway design-head-to-height and head-to-design-head ratios. A dimensionless parameter involving discharge and minimum pressure, but not head, is formulated and evaluated. The results are used in a numerical design example to proportion a standard-shaped spillway to pass a particular discharge with a predetermined pressure occurring on the crest. The resulting design is compared with an actual design for the same spillway.


A novel low complexity 16QAM feed-forward carrier recovery is provided based on blind phase search. It is discovered that 8 out of 16 states generate double minimum in the algorithm. A second modification leads to significant reduction in tracking error.


To the large list of publications dealing wit h the outstanding violin virtuoso, Niccolo Paganini, must be added this very I",bitious and satisfying volume. Mr. Sht'ppard, a violinist and violist, has been In essayist on things violinis tic for many yt',lrs as well as a specialist in the fascinatIng field of Paganini data. Dr. Axelrod, a violinist since childhood, also is a scientist of worldwide repute and a publisher of many musical scores and books, most nor.rbly the famous "The Way They Play," .eries, which details first hand information concerning many of today's famous .tri ng artists. In dealing with Paganini, the marvelous Italian who stunned European audi.,wes 150 years ago, the two writers have sp.ired themselves no trouble in getting together a complete creation. One can .ately say that never has a musician's biography been so plentifully illustrated with such a variety of drawings, sketches, landscapes, caricatures and reproductions of pictures of the maestro, in black and white as well as in color. It must have been an awesome task to assemble such a ""ISS of pictorial wealth. All this-in addition to a discography, essays on the Paganini playing style and even a complete set of facsimilies of the famous Caprices. The main sweep of the volume, however, is in its recital of Paganini's always Interesting and even startling life, from Genoa, where he was born in 1782, to Nice, where he died in 1840. Between those dates, as set forth with immense detail in this volume, Paganini rose from the obscure poverty of a Genoa slum to a position of wealth and renown. The violinist was known to people of all cl.isses , from the lowliest peasants to n-igning monarchs. Money was showered upon him as well as fame, slander, je.llousy and the kind of idolatry that is today the mark of international sports figures. In Paganini's case, there was an added factor. Superstition was rife in Europe in those years and so gossip came alive with stories of Paganini's companionship with the Devil. He was accused of having commerce with witches, a weird rumor that he may have encouraged by taking a simple folk melody, adding to it some very difficult variations and calling it "The Witches' Dance." Perhaps he realized that all this nonsense added to his appeal at the box office. The violinist


This article provides a basic scheme of sequential anatomic and some physiologic events occurring during the course of embryonic development of motor neurons and muscles, leading to the establishment of mature nerve‐muscle relationships. Motor neurons and muscles begin their development independently and during embryogenesis they become dependent on each other for further development and survival. Aspects of development which occur independently and those requiring mutual interactions are identified. The development of motor neurons is discussed with respect to their production, projection, neuromuscular transmission, myelination, sprouting, survival, and death. The development of muscles is discussed with respect to the origin, differentiation, and muscle fiber types. Discussion on the development of neuromascular junction includes differentiation of presynaptic nerve terrninal, postsynaptic components, and elimination of multiple axons.© 1995 John Wiley &Sons, Inc.


Abstract Background: In this analysis, we aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of dual therapy (DT) with a non-vitamin K oral anticoagulant (NOAC) and an adenosine diphosphate receptor antagonist (P2Y12 inhibitor) vs triple therapy (TT) with aspirin, a P2Y12 inhibitor and a vitamin K antagonist for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with co-existing atrial fibrillation (AF) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov, Excerpta Medical data BASE (EMBASE), Web of Science, Cochrane Central and Google Scholar were the searched databases. Studies that were randomized trials or observational studies comparing DT vs TT for the treatment of DM patients with co-existing AF following PCI were included in this analysis. The adverse cardiovascular outcomes and bleeding events were the endpoints. This meta-analysis was carried out by the RevMan version 5.4 software. Risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to represent data and interpret the analysis. Results: A total number of 4970 participants were included whereby 2456 participants were assigned to the DT group and 2514 participants were assigned to the TT group. The enrollment period varied from year 2006 to year 2018. Our current results showed that major adverse cardiac events (RR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.84–1.20; P = .98), mortality (RR: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.78–1.48; P = .66), myocardial infarction (RR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.74–1.42; P = .90), stroke (RR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.53–1.67; P = .84) and stent thrombosis (RR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.56–2.10; P = .80) were similar with DT versus TT in these patients. However, the risks for total major bleeding (RR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.54–0.82; P = .0001), total minor bleeding (RR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.64–0.85; P = .0001), Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) defined major bleeding (RR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.35–0.95; P = .03), TIMI defined minor bleeding (RR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.42–0.92; P = .02), intra-cranial bleeding (RR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.13–0.95; P = .04) and major bleeding defined by the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis (RR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.51–0.90; P = .008) were significantly higher with TT. Conclusions: DT with a NOAC and a P2Y12 inhibitor was associated with significantly less bleeding events without increasing the adverse cardiovascular outcomes when compared to TT with aspirin, a P2Y12 inhibitor and a Vitamin K antagonist for the treatment of DM patients with co-existing AF following PCI. Hence, DT is comparable in efficacy, but safer compared to TT. This interesting hypothesis will have to be confirmed in future studies.


Recent studies on face recognition, beauty analysis, age and health estimation, have found facial makeup application as a challenging issue. Hence, it is crucial for these algorithms to determine the makeup presence on faces. They can robust their recognition by utilizing makeup detection consequences. In this work we employ distinctive features to indicate the effect of makeup on the faces, moreover instead of utilizing whole face images, ten local patches have been extracted from images, then features assessed in each patch. Local patches which give the most information for each feature will be selected. At last two discriminant mapping methods, Marginal Fisher Analysis and Local Fisher Discriminant Analysis, are employed to trace more information from selected patches. Local Fisher Discriminant Analysis brought about accuracy rate of 95.03% for our makeup detection algorithm.


On behalf of the organizing committee, we are very pleased to welcome you to the 15th IEEE International NEW Circuits And Systems Conference.


Today's harmonious society construction was a hot topic that people with high ideals had long discussed in history.Su Shi lived in the middle of Northern Song Dynasty,the special time when scholar-officials actively proposed political reforms.The problem he focused on was how to realize social harmony with political reforms.This paper analyzes Su's social harmony theory from his life philosophy of 'Le',finds that some of his thoughts are consistent with the ideas of harmonious society construction today,and tries to get enlightenment from his thought.


BACKGROUND
Scientific publication is a vital mission of medical schools and it is important to periodically document how well schools fulfil this mission.

AIMS
This study aimed to analyse the publication record of Libyan medical schools in international journals indexed in PubMed between 1988 and 2007.

METHODS
Medline was searched using PubMed for publications affiliated to Libya during 1988-2007.

RESULTS
Out of 417 papers related to Libya, 348 (84%) are affiliated to the medical schools and related hospitals. More than 60% of the 348 papers are affiliated to Al-Arab Medical University, Benghazi, while Al-Fateh Medical University, Tripoli, contributed 103 papers (30%). The rest of the papers (n=25, 7%) were published by medical schools in other parts of the country. The publication rate declined by 3% annually between 1988 and 2007. The decline was mainly due to a decrease in the publication rate by Al-Arab Medical University, Benghazi. Overall, nine departments produced 10 or more papers each. Out of about 1675 staff members, there are only 148 first authors and 207 last authors. The estimated annual publication rate is 0.7 papers per 100 academic staff members.

CONCLUSION
This study reveals that published scholarship of the Libyan medical schools is extremely low, that the publication rate has declined, and that most academic staff have no publications listed in PubMed. This issue needs urgent attention.


Performance is one of the factors that become a benchmark for both subordinates and subordinates in assessing the results of the work itself, with good performance will proclaim that employees have worked optimally and as they should, human resources are one of the success factors of an organization so that the organization has the responsibility of managing the organization optimally, especially in managing the human resources owned,  The purpose of this study is to determine the causality relationship between the variables of employee engagement and organizational support to job satisfaction and employee performance, both directly and indirectly. The sample used in this study was the entire population, namely PT. KIE has a total of 68 respondents, the data collection method is in the form of distributing questionnaires and will then be processed using the Smart-PLS statistical tool version 3.0. The result of this study is that employee engagement variables have a significant positive influence on job satisfaction and employee performance, and organizational support variables have a significant positive influence on job satisfaction variables but do not have an influence on employee performance. Job satisfaction influences employee performance variables. The job satisfaction variable has a positive and significant influence in mediating the relationship between employee engagement variables and employee performance variables but is not able to mediate the relationship between organizational support variables and employee performance.


ISSN 1745-5057 Women's Health (2010) 6(5), 623–625 10.2217/WHE.10.50 © 2010 Future Medicine Ltd BC by simultaneously analyzing thousands of genes. Microarray-based gene expression studies have revealed that, in addition to being clinically heterogeneous, BC is also a molecularly hetero geneous disease. These studies highlight the presence of distinct molecular subtypes that exhibit different gene expression patterns and clinical outcomes [7–14]. The relevance of these molecular subtypes in terms of basic and translational research has led to the progressive incorporation of such molecular profiles into prognostic assessments [14,15], the prediction of therapeutic efficacy [16] and the design of clinical trials [17–19]. During the past decade, several classification models have been published that enable BC molecular subtypes to be identified using gene expression data. In their seminal work, Perou et al. highlighted four breast tumor subtypes: the 'basal-like' (characterized by cytokeratins 5 and 17); the HER2-enriched (mostly, but not all, HER2 amplified); the 'luminal' (expressing luminal cytokeratins 8 and 18 and often differentiated into two or three subgroups); and the 'normal-like' tumors [7]. These molecular subtypes were first identified through hierarchical clustering of a small data-set of breast tumor gene expression profiles, using a large set of highly variably expressed genes referred to as 'intrinsic' genes [7]. The authors then designed a classification model, called the Single Sample Predictor (SSP), that enables the subtype of a single tumor to be identified using a nearest centroid classifier based on the initial hierarchical clustering [9]. This first SSP has been further refined by using different versions of the intrinsic gene list [11,14]. Despite their value, SSPs have severe limitations. Pusztai et al. demonstrated that small changes in the initial set of breast tumors may have a dramatic impact on the hierarchical clustering used in the SSPs, raising some doubt about For decades, clinicians have been well aware that breast cancer (BC) is a clinically heterogeneous disease. Tumor size, lymph-node involvement, histological type, grade, and both estrogen receptor (ER) and HER2 receptor status, all influence prognosis and response to systemic therapies but they do not fully capture the varied clinical course of BC [1]. These aforementioned clinical variables have been combined into multivariate prediction models, such as the Nottingham Prognostic Index [2] and Adjuvant! Online [3], for prognosis; or the nomogram, published by Rouzier et al., for the prediction of response to preoperative chemotherapy [4]. Regardless of the clinicopathologic model used, there remains substantial variability in disease outcome within each prediction category. This is probably due to the poor reproducibility of key clinical parameters as defined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays (e.g., ER or histological grade) [5], and the transcriptional heterogeneity found among breast tumors. The hope in the community has been that genomic approaches will allow us to overcome these limitations so that 'quantitative molecular ana lysis of breast cancer could yield diagnostic tests that might be more accurate than existing clinical prediction models, or complement them' [6].


Relationship marketing and its strategic focus on long-term exchanges is an engrained practice in today's business-to-business (B2B) environment. B2B relationships are important given the reciprocating benefits they offer to offset the resource-intensive investments necessary for relationship initiation and maintenance. However, the reality of the marketplace shows customer defection rates remain a concern, dark side relationship mechanisms emerge as exchanges persist, and suppliers shirk on investing the effort necessary to service their customers. Research is needed to better understand customer defections and the nuanced assessment of perceived supplier complacency in B2B service relationships. To inform this research agenda, the authors assess depth interviews with 56 executive participants across 35 post-mortem customer defection cases. Findings identify thematic representations of perceived supplier complacency within the customer-supplier service provision (i.e. service complacency), as well as during the sales renewal process (i.e. sales complacency).


The development of guidance and counseling programs, especially those planned (planned) and implemented (actuating) by guidance and counseling teachers will impact on how the provision of services to learners (counselee). Therefore a good program will show how the existence of teacher guidance and counseling in the field. Comprehensive guidance and counseling programs are comprehensive. Guidance and counseling activities are a series of activities that are related, connected, and each part has a unity bond with another part that is oriented towards the achievement of certain goals. Comprehensive guidance and counseling programs based on local school wisdom can be realized in several ways (1) Identify the needs of learners by developing data instruments based on school culture values. (2) engaging in school-oriented guidance and counseling services and (4) involving all stakeholders to provide counseling and guidance services based on local school wisdom.


This paper proposed a new kind of data encryption method based on couple chaos system and couple CTCA.Couple chaos system had more better encryption performance because of its much larger key space and chaotic characteristic.CTCA was used by way that plain data was divided into two parts and encrypted by two TCA systems respectively,which could improve the encryption efficiency and expand key space.After encrypted by chaos system,encrypted the original data by CTCA again.Experiments show that this method has a large key space and good scrambling effect and the cryptosystem can resist brute attack and differential attack effectively.


The table indicates the standard QC tests that are performed on each major product type available through the Influenza Reagent Resource. Any additional testing of specific items is described on the Certificate of Analysis for each lot, as is the testing of product types not listed here. Only BPL-inactivated and ether-extracted WHO and Surveillance Antigens are tested for the absence of bacterial and fungal contamination. BPLinactivated influenza viruses that are provided frozen in cryovials are intended for use as control standards. These products are prepared using sterile technique, but are not tested to confirm sterility. The specific test employed is dependent on the host and conditions used to propagate the virus. The 50% Infectious Dose (ID50) is the 50% infectious endpoint; that is, the ID50 is the dilution of virus that under the conditions of the assay can be expected to infect 50% of the embryonated chicken eggs (CEID50) or culture vessels (TCID50) inoculated, just as a Lethal Dose 50% (LD50) is expected to kill half of the animals exposed. A reciprocal of the dilution required to yield the ID50 provides a measure of the titer (or infectivity) of a virus preparation. See page 2 for additional details. The specific testing protocol used to confirm that derivatives of influenza viruses are no longer infectious is dependent on both the type of product and the source virus. Safety testing of Ferret Antisera may involve infectivity assays in embryonated chicken eggs or in tissue culture, screening for the presence of viral RNA by RT-PCR, or both. See the Certificate of Analysis for each lot of a specific item for details. Screening for residual live virus is carried out in the same host used to propagate the source virus. See page 2 for additional details.


The tautomerism of 5(6)‐methoxy‐2‐{[(4‐methoxy‐3,5‐dimethyl‐2‐pyridinyl)methyl] sulfinyl}‐1H‐benzimidazole (omeprazole) was determined in solution, KT = 0.59 in THF at 195 K, in favor of the 6‐methoxy tautomer. The assignment of the signals was made by comparison with its two N‐methyl derivatives in acetone‐d6 and through theoretical calculations of the absolute shieldings (GIAO/DFT/6‐311++G**). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The mortality rate due to chronic diseases is increasing day by day. Timely diagnosis at an early stage can help in taking appropriate measures for prevention and mitigation of these diseases along with better prognosis. In this paper we present a survey on various approaches of feature selection and classification techniques used for prediction and identification of these diseases. We shall discuss the importance of feature selection methodologies for improving the accuracy and performance of classification systems. Feature selection, a dimensionality reduction technique can help deal with the problem of "curse of dimensionality" as large data sets means huge number of records and even greater number of features and also enhance its computational efficiency. The results and performance yielded by various classification algorithms after application of these pre-processing techniques gives us promising results. IndexTerms : Data Mining, Feature Selection, Classification, Hybrid.


Bluetooth trackers, or tags, have quickly become ubiquitous and widely supported by multiple vendors. Beyond their original design of finding lost objects, these devices have the ability to extend the capabilities of current wireless smart devices. Since its launch in 2019, Apple's FindMy enables any devices from their brand to be easily tracked by more than 1 billion active iPhones and iPads on the market. While convenient, these systems may even serve further uses, including as a result of this work, crowd sensing and a side channel for mobile communication. But they also raise privacy concerns for their users. In this paper, we demonstrate how Apple FindMy can be used as a privacy-friendly tool for crowd monitoring, and how it may inadvertently leak information on a person's location in case of deliberate tracking. Additionally, we design and evaluate a proof of concept protocol, using the Apple FindMy and a crafted tag using a simple microcontroller. We show how such system could be used to transmit information at very low bit rates, while the devices transporting the information remain unaware of this covert channel, yielding an out of band communication channel.


Long before the cold war and the Iron Curtain's construction, the European continent was marked by a developmental divide in which the east suffered relative economic deprivation compared to the west. This article revisits the sources of 'economic backwardness' in eastern Europe and asks whether post-communist states' membership in the European Union (EU) upends the earlier structural conditions that had traditionally prevented east–west economic convergence. The article finds that while there is more economic opportunity for post-communist states in the EU than outside it, EU membership does not subvert the major drivers of the developmental divide. EU membership does, however, limit economic volatility for the New Member States (NMS), which, in historical perspective, is a boon for eastern populations and stabilizing for democratic politics.


Aims: Not caring to patient's right charter and not having satisfaction from health givers function caused
delay in recovery and increasing hospitalization days, anxious and increasing costs. This study is done with
the aim of evaluating patient's satisfaction from health care givers function in the army hospitals in Tehran
1387.
Materials & Methods: This research is a descriptive-analytic study which consists of 384 patients who
had hospitalized in army hospitals. We use a questionnaire for data gathering by interview from patients. Data
were analyzed by SPSS 15


Art) and painterly/optic to linear/haptic (the transition between Modern and Postmodern Art), showing that each of these historical periods has a distinct degree of entropy and complexity. Recent research examples show the classification of styles of different paintings (Lecoutre et al., 2017


Social referencing is the tendency to use the emotional reaction of another to help form one's own affective appraisal of a novel situation, which is then used to guide subsequent behavior. It is an important form of emotional communication and is a developmental milestone for human infants in their ability to learn about their environment through social means. In this paper, we present a biologically-inspired computational model of social referencing for our expressive, anthropomorphic robot that consists of three interacting systems: emotional empathy through facial imitation, a shared attention mechanism, and an affective memory system. This model presents opportunities for understanding how these mechanisms might interact to enable social referencing behavior in humans.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES. In Ukraine, not all issues relating to modern theoretical, methodological and applied foundations of enhancing the development of hotel and restaurant business are covered. There is a need for in-depth scientific research of theoretical aspects of the formation of methods of organizational and financial resource provision of tourism development at the national and regional levels, the definition of priorities and determination of ways to improve the efficiency of management of the complex use of the rich recreational and tourist potential of Ukraine.METHODS. Methodology of scientific research are general scientific and special research methods: dialectical method of research of processes and phenomena in their interrelation and development, system-structural analysis (when studying the conceptual foundations and systematization of methodical approaches to management of development of hotel-restaurant business); methods of group analysis and statistical approaches, economic-statistical methods, comparison (when analyzing social and economic preconditions, opportunities and motives of development of hotel-restaurant business), methods of analysis of the economic and social situation (when analyzing social and economic preconditions, opportunities and motives of development of hotel-restaurant business).FINDINGS. The elements of functional support for the development of domestic hotel and restaurant business are substantiated.CONCLUSION. The study of domestic hotel and restaurant business, in particular the regional market of tourist services, is based on the assessment of the environment of market activity. It involves the use of a comprehensive approach to the application of theoretical and applied foundations of sectoral and territorial analysis and aims to form the leading levers of development of hotel and restaurant business.


Objective To investigate the skin stimulation effect of essential oils from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. Methods HaCaT cells were cultured in vitro.Using MTT and ELISA methods,we examined the effect of the essential oil (different concentrations) on HaCaT cell proliferation and prostaglandin E_2(PGE_2) levels in culture supernatants of HaCaT cells,and the results were compared with those of oleic acid,a classic permeation enhancer.The cumulative skin stimulation effect was determined by visual scoring in guinea pigs and the histological changes were determined by light microscopy.Results The HaCaT cell viabilities of the 0.005%,0.015%,and 0.025%essential oil groups were 1.79-,1.65-,and 1.48-fold that of the 0.005%oleic acid group,respectively,and there was no significant difference between the 0.05%essential oil group and 0.005%oleic acid group.The 0.005%,0.015%,0.025%,and 0.05%essential oil influenced the supernatant PGE_2 levels by (0.99±0.08)%,(1.63±0.09)%,(0.98±0.09)%,and(0.04±0.01)%,respectively,which were all significantly lower than the influence of 0.005%oleic acid([4.23±0.68]%,P0.05).Only slight erythema was observed after continuous administration the essential oil(different concentrations) for 7 days,with no edema or skin uplift,and the erythema caused by 15%essential oil was lower than that caused by 5%oleic acid.Only 15%essential oil exhibited the mechanical injury of the stratum corneum.And 5%oleic acid group showed stripped and lost stratum corneum over large areas. Conclusion Chuanxiong oil is less cytotoxic and less stimulating to the skin compared with oleic acid,and may become an excellent skin permeation enhancer.


Using a Hartree-Fock formalism, we estimate energy levels and photon cross sections for atomic iron in magnetic fields B ~ 1013 G. Computing ionization equilibrium and normal mode opacities with these data, we construct LTE neutron star model atmospheres at 5.5 < log (Teff) < 6.5 and compute emergent spectra. We examine the dependence of the emergent spectra on Teff and B. We also show the spectral variation with the angle between the magnetic field and the atmosphere normal and describe the significant limb darkening in the X-ray band. These results are compared with recent detailed computations of neutron star H model atmospheres in high fields and with low-field Fe and H model atmospheres constructed from detailed opacities. The large spectral differences for different surface compositions may be discernible with present X-ray data; we also note improvements needed to allow comparison of Fe models with high quality spectra.


This paper presents a novel hybrid discrete firefly algorithm (HDFA) for solving the multi-objective flexible job shop scheduling problem with non fixed availability constraints (FJSP-nfa) due to maintenance activity. Three minimization objectives-the maximum completion time, the workload of the critical machine and the total workload of all machines are considered simultaneously. In this study, the discrete firefly algorithm is adopted to solve the problem, in which the machine assignment and operation sequence are processed by constructing a suitable conversion of the continuous functions as attractiveness, distance and movement, into new discrete functions. In addition the decoding mechanism considering the maintenance activity is presented. A neighbourhood based local search is hybridized to enhance the exploitation capability. Representative benchmark problems are solved in order to evaluate and study the performance of the proposed algorithm.


The Residual Income Rate Model has been applied on 6 listed companies by company's quarterly financial statement,all of which are listed in 2000.The results of empirical research show that there is true interconnection between the listed companies'enterprise value and the stock prices' fluctuation.The stock prices always move around their enterprises' value.Meanwhile,the stock prices have showed the characteristic of periodicity influencing by the world economic environment.


ABSTRACT In grazed pasture-based systems, urinary-nitrogen (N) voided in concentrated patches is a key source of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas (GHG). Development of strategies for reducing emissions from urine patches is an ongoing focus of international research. Plants can help mitigate N2O emissions by reducing urinary-N excretion or by lowering the N2O emission factor of urine. This paper reviews the current understanding of plant-effects on urinary-N2O emissions and confirms that plants can influence emissions. Recent New Zealand studies suggest that plantain and fodder beet show particular potential for grazed systems. A key mechanism by which plantain affects the N2O emission factor could be root exudates that inhibit nitrification and/or increase N immobilisation. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms involved, and to help maximise the GHG reduction potential from plant management options in pasture-based systems.


Organic solvents have a multitude of uses in industrial processes, and, although there is some progress being made in replacing them with aqueous systems, many applications still require them. Many cleaning operations which require merely removal of light soils and easily emulsified oil or grease have been changed to aqueous systems with excellent results. Other applications, such as paint removal, cleaning of easily corrodible metal surfaces, removing polymer coatings, or baked on carbon, still may require application of an aggressive solvent. This paper will focus on coating removal, or paint stripping, and consider several instances where substitutes were chosen, and attempt to explain why (or why not) these substitutes performed well. A major use of organic solvents is in the formulation of solvent coatings such as paints, enamels, varnishes, and lacquers. This is an extremely broad and specialized field, and will not be covered in this brief discussion. Instead, we will discuss the other end of the spectrum, that is, removing coatings which have reached the end of their useful life.


An Information Retrieval (IR) system aims to extract information based on a query made by a user on a particular subject from an extensive collection of text. IR is a process through which information is retrieved by submitting a query by a user in the form of keywords or to match words. In the Al-Quran, verses of the same or comparable topics are scattered throughout the text in different chapters, and it is therefore difficult for users to remember the many keywords of the verses. Therefore, in such situations, retrieving information using semantically related words is useful. In well-composed documents, the semantic integrity of the text (coherence) exists between the words. Lexical cohesion is the results of chains of related words that contribute to the continuity of the lexical meaning found within the text are a direct result of text being about the same thing (i.e. topic, etc.). This indicates that using an IR system and lexical chains are a useful and appropriate method for representing documents with concepts rather than using terms in order to have successful retrieval based on semantic relations. Therefore, a new Lexical Scoring System is proposed in this study, in addition to determining the semantic relation that exists between words whereby WordNet was used as the semantic knowledge base. The proposed scoring system helped to retrieve 86.58% of the total relevant documents in the Al-Quran based on the relevance judgment, using the lexical chain approach. Based on the findings, the study concludes that, the proposed approach on representing verses using lexical chains is appropriate and suitable for a Quranic IR system.


U.S. dom inance in the global economic and political spectrum m a y .b e f a d in g , a n d p o s s ib ly r ig h t ly so, W illiam Pfaff said in his lect u r e W e d n e s d a y night. P fa ff sp o k e on the f a l te r  ing c h a r a c t e r of U.S. foreign policy , e s p e  cially in those po l ic ie s c o n  c e r n i n g E u r o pi ; a n n a t i o n s . Specifically, he ca l le d a t t e n  tion to the impending necessity of t r a n sa t la n t ic m e rg e rs a n d th e problems the United States will be fo rc ed to d e a l w ith if a n d when such an economic t r a n s i  tion begins. "The problem is the U.S. has repea ted ly shown i ts e lf to be antagonistic to any deal tha t d id not leave the Am erican com panies involved running the show. "


Appointed steam generator of a nuclear power plant the heat transfer pipe or the like, small-diameter is used to manufacture a long tube, in baking or chattering vibration does not occur in tube blank for cold drawing, and a method of manufacturing the primer tube in the drawing process, and the tube blank for cold drawing to a method of manufacturing a cold drawn tube obtained. In the tube blank for cold drawing that is used for the oil lubricating the drawing process, the tube blank average surface roughness Ra (ANSI B46.1) of the inner surface prior to drawing, thus satisfying the condition of 0.10μm≤Ra≤1.00μm. In particular, in a tube blank used in the austenitic alloys zero, the high-pressure lubrication drawing that is used for steam generation appointed heat transfer tube, wherein the average surface roughness Ra, and satisfies the condition of 0.10μm≤Ra≤0.50μm.


Background: Modern high-resolution imaging techniques have provided new insights into the pathogenesis of aortic dissection during recent years. Distinct pathologic entities or potential precursors of classic false-lumen aortic dissection such as intramural hematoma or penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer have been identified. As a result, a novel classification according to Svensson used in addition to the standard differentiation according to DeBakey or Stanford has been introduced. Due to improved diagnostic imaging, preoperative mortality has decreased but mortality remains substantial (up to 1.4% per hour within the first 2 days) related to complications of aortic dissection such as aortic rupture, bleeding, pericardial tamponade, critical branch vessel ischemia, multiorgan failure, and myocardial infarction. Examinations: Transesophageal echocardiography, angiography, magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography


In this paper we propose an real time marker detection algorithm for motion analysis both in 2 dimensions and 3 dimensions with CCD camera and rfame grabber only which has no image processor. The main algorithm consists of the following 3 algorithms; 1) the tracing algorithm that makes it possible to predict the expected marker location by narrowing the searching boundary, 2) the searching algorithm that detects the marker in the expected boundary using Ad-hoc previous screen search technique, tornado search method rotate diagonal search method search technique, 3) the algorithm that finds the central point of the detected marker. We try to narrow the searching boundary for real time processing. Also, it is able to find the central point of the detected marker much faster than typical contour tracing algorithm.


A new multicarrier CDMA system is proposed and its complete immunity to multiuser interference in the presence of unknown multipath fading channel is shown analytically.


Objective: To assess the attitudes ofa random sample of Canadian psychiatrists to Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) and assess the relative prevalence ofthe condition in three comparable cities in Ontario. Method: A questionnaire was sent to all psychiatrists who were members of the Canadian Psychiatric Association and who were resident in Ottawa, Kingston and London. Questions were asked on the respondent's personal clinical experience of MPD and his/her attitude to this condition. Some personal and demographic questions were also included Results: 180 out of294 questionnaires (61.2%) were returned The existence of MPD was doubted by 27.8% of psychiatrists who responded to the questionnaire, with a significantly higher proportion in London than in Kingston or in Ottawa. A substantial majority in all three cities agreed that media publicity and thepsychiatrist's own beliefsystem affected the prevalence ofMPD. Conclusion: These results confirm that there is a split in the profession regarding belief in the existence ofMPD as a diagnosis.


Finance is the life blood of economy. Banking sector is playing a pivotal role in the development of an economy. The Indian banking industry has a huge canvas of history. They are considered as the heart of financial institutions. Which provide the financial assistance to the various sectors like industries, agriculture,education, housing etc. Credit is the primary source to banks in order to make profit. Credit and risk are the two faces of the same coin.


The objective of the study was to identify a polygon with limited number of cephalometric parameters in region near to teeth; to find values for linear, angular and area measurements for the polygon in the ideal, Class II and III groups and to define correlations and male female diffe rences observed in the study variables. In this crosssectional study, cephalograms of young adults satisfying the i nclusion criteria, were evaluated for the specific parameters. Linear, angular and area measures of polygon s in the ideal, Class II and Class III malocclusions were measured from tracings of cephalograms and statisti cally analysed. Mean±SD of the angular, linear and area measurements for the different study groups, and the Cor relations observed between the angular, linear and area measurements in the different study groups; The mean ± SD of the angular, linear and area measurements for males and females in the different study groups; and the Norms for the ideal polygon is identified in the results. A polygon with a limited number of cephalometric parameters was successfully identified; the mean values, correlations and male female differences observed i n measurements for the ideal, class II and Class III malocclusions groups are defined.


Purpose - to determine the results of the use of bacteria of the genus Bacillus spp. in the form of a spray (Bioplasmix spray for throat) in the treatment of the children with acute tonsillopharyngitis. Materials and methods. An open, randomized, controlled, post-registration study was conducted among 60 children aged 3-17 years diagnosed with acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI), acute tonsillopharyngitis, who were treated in the clinic of pediatric infections of the Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv. Children were divided into two groups - main and control. The control group consisted of 30 children who received treatment in accordance with the local protocol for the diagnosis and treatment of acute respiratory viral infections and influenza, and the main group consisted of 30 children who received in addition to the protocol treatment the prophylactic and hygienic agent Bioplasmix throat spray 2-3 injections 3-4 times a day. Bacterial etiology of tonsillopharyngitis was excluded using the McIsaac diagnostic scale. The study involved children with acute viral tonsillopharyngitis, who had 0-2 points on this scale. The results of the pilot observation indicate a positive effect of the drug Bioplasmix Throat Spray on the course of acute viral tonsillopharyngitis in children. This effect was manifested by a reduction in the time of normalization of the main clinical symptoms, such as fever, sore throat and inflammation of the oropharyngeal mucosa. It should be noted that during the observation period, no adverse reactions were registered in patients who used Bioplasmix Throat Spray, which confirms the high safety profile of the drug and indicates its good tolerability. Conclusions. The use of probiotic bacteria Bacillus spp. (Bioplasmix throat spray) helps to reduce the viral load and eliminate the pathogen, destroy bacterial biofilms, antagonistically displace bacteria, in particular staphylococcus, facilitates the course of ARVI and accelerates the recovery of patients without the development of bacterial complications. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.


Background Endemic dengue virus type 3 (DENV-3) infections have not been reported in Canton, China, since 1980. In March 2009, DENV-3 was isolated for the second time, occurring about 30 years after the previous circulation. In August, 3 other cases emerged. One much larger outbreak occurred again in 2010. To address the origin and particularly to determine whether the outbreaks were caused by the same viral genotype, we investigated the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of the introduction, spread and genetic microevolution of DENV-3 involved. Methodology/Principal Findings Three imported cases (index-1,2,3) separately traveled back from Vietnam, India and Tanzania, resulted in 1, 3 and 60 secondary autochthonous cases, respectively. In autochthonous cases, 64.6% positive in IgM anti-DENV and 18.6% in IgG from a total of 48 submitted serum samples, accompanied by 7 DENV-3 isolates. With 99.8%, 99.7%, and 100% envelope gene nucleotidic identity, 09/GZ/1081 from index-1 and endemic strain (09/GZ/1483) belonged to genotype V; 09/GZ/10616 from index-2 and endemic strains (09/GZ/11144 and 09/GZ/11194) belonged to genotype III Clade-A; and 10/GZ/4898 from index-3 and all four 2010 endemic DENV-3 strains belonged to genotype III Clade-B, respectively. Conclusions/Significance Both epidemiological and phylogenetic analyses showed that the 2010 outbreak of dengue was not a reemergence of the 2009 strain. Introductions of different genotypes following more than one route were important contributory factors for the 2009–2010 dengue epidemics/outbreaks in Canton. These findings underscore the importance of early detection and case management of imported case in preventing large-scale dengue epidemics among indigenous peoples of Canton.


The optical characteristics of third–generation synchrotron sources and their influence on the simulation of X–ray topographs for various experimental settings, both for the Laue and Bragg case, are discussed. A new generation of simulation programs that allow easy modification of the model of deformation is described.


ABSTRACT This paper investigates the spatial return spillover among G20 financial market and the factors of return. To achieve this object, we define the new gravitational space weight matrix, and construct the spatial autoregressive panel model (SAR). The results show that: (i) the new gravitational space weight matrix is more advantageous in capturing the multidimensional spatial spillover effects among stock markets; (ii) government debt, inflation and macroeconomic performance are significantly positively correlated with stock returns, while the real interest rate and stock market volatility have a negative effect on stock returns.


The He i 10830 Å absorption line in transit spectra traces the upper atmospheres of exoplanets and their mass loss, which in turn is important in determining their evolution and demographics. We use archival VLT/X-Shooter data to set new, more sensitive limits on the extended helium atmosphere of GJ 1214 b, a sub-Neptune orbiting an M-dwarf. We determine limits for the excess absorption at 10830 Å of 0.38% ± 0.44%, which corresponds to an extended atmosphere scale height of 0.13 ± 0.14R p (95% confidence limit of <0.4R p ). This is an improvement on previous upper limits set by Crossfield et al. () and shows that X-shooter is a suitable instrument for these types of observations.


The concept of "quality of life" has emerged and developed as a critical reaction to the way of appreciation of human needs . the field of quality of life can be defined by all the elements that refer to the physical, economic, social, cultural, political, health, etc. situation in which people live. The analysis model presented in this paper outlines four dimensions without exhausting the complex field of the quality of life indicators. The points of reference will be, first of all, the quality of personal life, the private sphere of the individual; secondly the quality of the society as is perceived by the people; the third the relationship of the individual with the society and the last satisfaction/dissatisfaction with life.  Over the last 10 years a European system of indicators of quality of life has been developed. Thus, each country can be evaluated in relation to the other European countries, the most desirable seasons in the world being highlighted in the paper. In relation to these , as a general assessment, we can say that the quality of life in Romania is modest.


Cities play a key role in the modern global economy. They became full-fledged (together with states, multinational corporations, and international economic organizations) subjects of international economy relationships; concentrated financial and commodity markets, enormous productive and innovative potential of humanity. The main reasons of transformation of economic importance of cities are their advantages in comparison with State economic systems. Labor and capital in urban economy systems are more mobile and productive; cities are more predisposed to create and commercialize innovations. Moreover, cities are easier to connect with international markets and world trade, which are able to reduce transport costs, to increase own investment attractiveness, and to rapidly form new types of business activities and forms of manufacturing organization. This study analyzes a current system of global cities, an intensity of inter-cities relationships, a potential of global urban system transformations in a future.


The leitmotif of this commencement is the International Women's Year. When I read that 1975 was designated by the United Nations as a year devoted to themes of equality, development, and peace; and that President Ford signed a proclamation emphasizing women's role in the economy, our accomplishments in the professions, in government, in the arts and humanities, and as wives and mothers; my immediate reaction was "What bunk' What irony' Another rip-off, another Madison Avenue token gesture as commercialized as Mother's Day'" And here are some examples of the Madison Avenue approach: Tiffany has issued an International Women's Year pin in sterling at $18, my local League of Women Voters is selling a #12 needlepoint canvas of the logo at $5, and there is an official International Woman's Year flag which you see on this platform. I wondered, "How can a designation of a day or a week or a year as a woman's year transform actions and opinions? Particularly when it's declared by organizations as blatantly biased as the United Nations and the United States government?" How can a day or a week or a year change discrimination which causes problems for women, blacks, Catholics, Jews, Latin Americans, native Americans, and other minorities? These people are responded to differently in situations in which their differences make no difference.l And then, paradoxically, I was asked to address this theme, in which I really did not believe, at commencement. I chose to title it, "International Year of the X" to underscore what I felt was, in some snide way, a misuse of gender, identification, and sex role--a designation made simply because our father's sperm gave our mother's egg an X chromosome instead of a Y (although some researchers suggest that all embryos begin as females), and a designation that spoke specifically to a biological concept. Women do differ from men in many psychological ways which to some extent are the result of inherent and genetic factors. The irreducible differences are that women menstruate, gestate, and lactate--men impregnate--and modern technology may be changing even that. But there


Most microscopic cell electrophoretic work depends on the theortical prediction of stationary positions by Smoluchowski and Komagata. Their theoretical solutions are based on the assumption that the electroosmotic flow in a chamber is symmetric. Because experiences with the rectangular chamber indicate that symmetric flow occurs during less than 8% of the experiments, the existing theory for stationary position determination is expanded to include the more general case of asymmetric flow. Smoluchowski's equation for symmetric electroosmotic flow in a rectangular chamber having a width much smaller than its height or length is examined. Smoluchowski's approach is used to approximate stationary positions in rectangular chambers with height/width ratios greater than 40. Support for the theoretical prediction of stationary positions using is given by three types of experimental evidence.