Indonesia as renown from its richness in tourist areas make it as one of the favorite countries for tourists to visit. In accordance with such a lot of nature and tourism then there are many tourism potentials found in Indonesia. From such potentialities, both Indonesian governement and society need to manage optimally and upgrade from the existing ones to increase the tourism interest, due to the increasing number of tourists coming, the greater the revenue obtained by the managers of tourist attractions and local people in particular and countries in general. Many of the facing obstacles in the development of tourism objects, among others, uneven budget development between one area to another, the absence of a clear direction of tourism object development, the narrow land and difficulties in developing the tourism object. Similar to the existing tourist conditions in Sukoharjo District, the obstacle faced is the lack of clear direction from the development of tourism object and narrow land to develop the tourist attraction.


The Purpose of this reseach is to analyze the influence of consumer motivation, perceived quality and consumer attitudes are shared or partially on purchasing decisions and to analyze which variables are the most dominant in influencing purchasing decisions. The data used in this study is primary data, the questionnaire as a research instrument, which is then processed by the calculation SPSS (Statistical Product and Solutions) version 16. The population in this study were all purchasers and users of consumer products online shop Noval @ thulputhul Semarang. Samples taken are consumers who buy in the online shop Noval @ thulputhul Semarang totaling 100 respondents. Sampling technique in this study using a convenience sampling, ie sampling in accordance with the willingness of respondents to the questionnaire were interviewed. Analysis tool used is multiple linear regression. The results showed that there is a significant positive effect on the motivation of consumers purchasing decisions. There is a significant positive effect between perceived quality on purchase decisions. There is a significant positive effect between a good attitude towards consumer purchasing decisions. Keywords: Consumer motivation, perception of quality, consumer attitudes and purchase decisions


Challenging the ethnocentric notion that a capitalist economy could only be transferred to the peripheral states through contact with Europe, this text argues that the capitalist transformation of the Egyptian economy was begun by Muslim merchants and Mamluk rulers in the 18th century.


The Faro Convention (2005) established that "heritage community" consists of people who value specific aspects of cultural heritage which they wish, within the framework of public action, to sustain and transmit to future generations. In all regions there are hundreds of voices waiting to make themselves heard, that have a high potential in terms of teaching, identification of values, community building. The "Narrating@ Fiesole" project intends to start walking on a path that connects landscape and cultural heritage, understood as a living heritage and storytelling. The main objective is to give voice to this "heritage community", creating a participatory archive on- line, an innovative tool of knowledge, memory, education and development of the territory and of its landscapes.


Boron segregation to {311} defects and transient enhanced diffusion (TED) of boron atoms during thermal annealing were investigated in detail using implanted superlattice and Si bulk wafers. We observed that (1)boron atoms segregate to {311} defects during low temperature annealing, (2){311} defects were formed in the area where the self-interstitial concentration exceeds 3×10 17 cm 3 , (3)free self-interstitials in the region beyond the implanted range causes initial rapid enhanced diffusion prior to the onset of normal TED.


IEC 61131-3 is the third part of the IEC 61131 family, and is a specification of the syntax and semantics of a unified suite of programming languages, including the overall software model and a structuring language. It consists of:  Part 1: General Overview  Part 2 Equipment Requirements & Tests  Part 3 Programming Languages  Part 4 User Guidelines  Part 5 Communications  Part 6 Functional Safety  Part 7 Fuzzy Control Programming  Part 8 Application Guidelines  Part 9 Communication Interface


The project is a proof-of-concept for an emerging specification (called WCPS) for a communication protocol for retrieval of geospatial data. It introduces the limitations of existing similar specifications, discusses the components required to build an implementation of a WCPS server, and realizes a translation mechanism to translate from the language of WCPS to the language of an underlying database management system. Finally it implements a command-line utility that uses the developed algorithm to translate WCPS requests into the query language of the database.


The ovine corpus luteum is an ideal model for the development of methodologies for angiogenesis monitoring with contrast enhanced ultrasound. We employ three indicator dilution models, namely, the lognormal function, the gamma variate function, and the local density random walk model to fit contrast ultrasound time-intensity curves from ovine corpora lutea at the peak of the estrus cycle. We extract hemodynamic-related parameters such as the mean transit time, the wash-in time, the area under the curve and the peak intensity and measure inter- and intra-animal reproducibility. The mean transit time and the wash-in time are reproducible with acceptable relative dispersions whereas the peak intensity and the area under the curve have large variabilities.


This study involved morphologic and morphometric postnatal development on thirty spleens of the Chotanagpuri sheep. The spleen was collected and biometrical parameters were recorded. The spleen was found high in the abdominal cavity adjacent to the vertebral column in the region of 10-13 th ribs in all age group. The colour of spleen varied with advancement of age which was creamish in early age and gradually became reddish brown. The shape of the spleen was roughly triangular in all age groups. The mean weight, maximum length, maximum width, length of dorsal, anterior and posterior borders and thickness of dorsal border at anterior, middle and posterior ends, thickness of anterior border at dorsal and middle ends, thickness of posterior border at dorsal end of spleen and distance of hilus from dorso- anterior and ventro-anterior angle significantly increased among different groups of sheep with advancement of age. However, there was no significant difference in thickness of anterior border at ventral end, thickness of posterior border at middle and ventral ends.


The invention discloses a method for recognizing two-point touch of a resistance touch screen on a mobile phone. By the method, four general purpose input/output (GPIO) interfaces on a processor of the mobile phone can be used for realizing reference voltage and ground input and can be scanned at the same time, and four analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) can be used for inspecting voltage without the increase of cost; and a common resistance touch screen (four wires) with low cost has a two-point touch recognition function. Compared with a multipoint capacitance touch screen, the resistance touch screen has greatly-reduced cost, can have functions of zooming, dragging, rotation and the like of photographs and maps and can provide a low-cost lower-accuracy multipoint experience for a user. The method is easy to realize, makes the cost not increased, is convenient to use, is high in user experience and can be extremely conveniently used by the user.


Objectives: We aimed at describing and assessing the quality of reporting in all published prospective trials about radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Methods: The Medline database was searched for. The reporting of study design, patients' and radiotherapy characteristics, previous and concurrent cancer treatments, acute and late toxicities and assessment of quality of life were collected. Results: 114 articles – published between 1989 and 2019 - were analysed. 21 trials were randomised (18.4%). Randomisation information was unavailable in 59.6% of the publications. Data about randomisation, ITT analysis and whether the study was multicentre or not, had been significantly less reported during the 2010–2019 publication period than before (respectively 29.4% vs 57.4% (p < 0.001), 20.6% vs 57.4% (p < 0.001), 48.5% vs 68.1% (p < 0.001). 89.5% of the articles reported the number of included patients. Information about radiation total dose was available in 86% of cases and dose per fraction in 78.1%. Regarding the method of dose prescription, the prescription isodose was the most reported information (58.8%). The reporting of radiotherapy characteristics did not improve during the 2010 s-2019s. Acute and late high-grade toxicity was reported in 37.7 and 30.7%, respectively. Their reporting decreased in recent period, especially for all-grade late toxicities (p = 0.044). Conclusion: It seems necessary to meet stricter specifications to improve the quality of reporting. Advances in knowledge: Our work results in one of the rare analyses of radiosurgery and SBRT publications. Literature must include necessary information to first, ensure treatments can be compared and reproduced and secondly, to permit to decide on new standards of care.


Maternal and Newborn Health care is one of the key elements in determining the health status of communities can be measured from the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR). Venous thromboembolism and pulmonary embolism (PE) in pregnancy is a major cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. The incidence of pulmonary embolism in the United States to be the cause of maternal deaths exceed infection, hemorrhage and preeclampsia. It happened> 500,000 every year and causes 200,000 deaths. By doing ambulation / early mobilization can prevent complications such as pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis. Factors that play an important role in realizing the implementation of early mobilization is the level of knowledge. If someone lower level of knowledge of the benefits and goals of mobilization it will greatly affect the level of implementation. Objective: To increase knowledge about the mobilization of post sectio caesarea and implement early mobilization in patients post sectio caesarea appropriate nursing standards. Methods: This study used a descriptive method by collecting data, analyzing the data, and draw conclusions. Results: After 3 days of nursing actions during the early mobilization patients were able to implement gradually.


Summary of Model Performance for CMAQ-VISTAS, CMAQ-MADRID, and CMAQ-MADRID-APT as part of the Plant Crist Nitrogen Deposition Analysis of the Escambia, Florida Watershed, Technical Memorandum, ICF International, San Rafael, CA, June 21. Karamchandani, P., and C. Seigneur, 1999: Simulation of sulfate and nitrate chemistry in power plant plumes, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. , 49 , PM-175-181. Karamchandani, P., C. Seigneur, K. Vijayaraghavan, and S.-Y. Wu, 2002: Development and application of a state-of-the-science plume-in-grid model, J. Geophys. Res ., 107 , 4403-4415. Karamchandani, P., K. Vijayaraghavan, S.-Y. Chen, C. Seigneur and E. Edgerton, 2006: Plume-in-grid modeling for particulate matter, Atmos. Environ ., 40 , 7280-7297. Mathur, R. and R.L. Dennis, 2003: Seasonal and annual modeling of reduced nitrogen compounds over the eastern United States: Emissions, ambient levels, and deposition amounts, J. Geophys. Res. , 108, 4481, doi:10.1029/2002JD002794. Morris, R.E., B. Koo, A. Guenther, G. Yarwood, D. McNally, T.W. Tesche, G. Tonnesen, J. Boylan and P. Brewer, 2006: Model sensitivity evaluation for organic carbon using two multi-pollutant air quality models that simulate regional haze in the southeastern United States,


A feature correction system is used to remove undesirable audio and video features from a media stream. The system determines an undesirable audio feature in the media stream by detecting a region that is relatively silent or has a predetermined speech disfluency, e.g., umms, y'knows, or ahhs. Further, the system establishes a start time and an end time for the undesirable audio feature. The system then detects video frames in the media stream that include the undesirable audio feature. The system finally performs feature correction for the undesirable audio feature and/or the video frames according to one or more predetermined techniques, e.g., muting the undesirable audio feature and/or compressing related video frames. PROBLEM STATEMENT There is typically a large disparity between the rate at which humans can generate meaningful spoken content and the rate at which they can consume spoken content. Frequently in recorded speech, this disparity manifests itself as frustration, where a listener must tolerate the long silences, umms, throat clearings, y'knows, and ahhs generated by a speaker. For example, a user watching a recorded amateur video given by a casual speaker often listens or waits while a presenter takes long pauses to think about what they want to say next. In a present scenario, a typical workflow for removing the undesirable regions of speech include loading a recorded content into an editor, having a human watch the recording and mark regions for removal in the editor, and then exporting a new video with the unneeded segments removed. In essence, it is a 2 Macpherson: REMOVING UNDESIRABLE AUDIO FEATURES FROM A MEDIA STREAM Published by Technical Disclosure Commons, 2016 manual process requiring significant effort from a human editor to decide which portions of the recording are useful or not. An advanced method and system for automatically detecting and removing undesirable audio and video features in a media stream is described. DETAILED DESCRIPTION The systems and techniques described in this disclosure relate to a feature correction system that removes undesirable audio and video features from a media stream. The system can be implemented for use in an Internet, an intranet, or another client and server environment. The system can be implemented locally on a client device or implemented across a client device and server environment. The client device can be any electronic device such as a computer, laptop, mobile device, a tablet, a handheld electronic device, etc. Fig. 1 illustrates an example method 100 for detecting and removing undesirable audio and video features in a media stream. The method 100 can be performed by the feature correction system. The system determines 110 an undesirable audio feature in a media stream. The media stream can be any recorded content or a live streaming content. The media stream can be audio only or a video stream. The media stream can be either watched on a video streaming platform or on a local video watching platform on the client device. The undesirable features may include any type of audio regions that are not pleasant or not required for the listener of the media stream. For example, the system detects 112 a region that is relatively silent based on a threshold value. This is a simplest form of feature detection where the system applies the threshold value to a moving average of the waveform to detect regions that are relatively silent. Another example 3 Defensive Publications Series, Art. 321 [2016] http://www.tdcommons.org/dpubs_series/321 can include, the system detecting 114 a region having a predetermined speech disfluency, vocalization, or utterance, e.g., umms, y'knows, ahhs, throat clearings, coughs, or repeated words. Simple feature detection for known filler utterances such as "um", "y'know","huh", "like", and "ah" may be predetermined in a straightforward manner. Complex feature detection for unfamiliar filler utterances such as variants in other languages, false starts where a speaker repeats a word, and repaired utterances where a speaker quickly corrects a previously spoken word, may rely on training artificial intelligence (AI) feature recognisers using neural networks and/or support vector machines. Further, the system establishes 120 a start time and an end time for the undesirable audio feature. The system may store the start and end times on a local storage or on a cloud storage. The system then detects 130 corresponding video frames in the media stream that include the undesirable audio feature. The system finally performs 140 feature correction for the undesirable audio feature and/or corresponding video frames according to one or more predetermined techniques. The one or more predetermined techniques can be selected based on media stream. In an example, the system discards the undesirable audio feature or the system mutes 142 the undesirable audio feature. The system then analyses the changes in the video frames corresponding to the undesirable audio feature. The system checks 144 whether the changes in the video frames are above a threshold. The threshold can be determined by the system or can be manually entered by a human operator. The threshold value can be stored locally or on cloud storage. If the changes in the video frame are above the threshold, the system compresses (146) the video. In another example, the system replaces the undesirable feature with a short silence 4 Macpherson: REMOVING UNDESIRABLE AUDIO FEATURES FROM A MEDIA STREAM Published by Technical Disclosure Commons, 2016 (mute), and compresses the corresponding video frame (timeline). In another implementation, if the changes in the video frame are above the threshold, the system changes the playback rate, i.e. fast-forward the video frame during undesirable audio features. If the changes in the video frame are below the threshold, the system does not compress the video frame, because for relatively non-static videos, the video stream does not appear to jump. Hence, the system aims to improve the experience of the listener by removing or shortening umms, ahhs, silences, repeated words, and other unnecessary disfluencies or delays in recorded content. FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an exemplary environment that shows components of a system for implementing the techniques described in this disclosure. The environment includes client devices 210, servers 230, and network 240. Network 240 connects client devices 210 to servers 230. Client device 210 is an electronic device. Client device 210 may be capable of requesting and receiving data/communications over network 240. Example client devices 210 are personal computers (e.g., laptops), mobile communication devices, (e.g. smartphones, tablet computing devices), set-top boxes, game-consoles, embedded systems, and other devices 210' that can send and receive data/communications over network 240. Client device 210 may execute an application, such as a web browser 212 or 214 or a native application 216. Web applications 213 and 215 may be displayed via a web browser 212 or 214. Server 230 may be a web server capable of sending, receiving and storing web pages 232. Web page(s) 232 may be stored on or accessible via server 230. Web page(s) 232 may be associated with web application 213 or 215 and accessed using a web browser, e.g., 212. When accessed, webpage(s) 232 may be transmitted and displayed on a client device, e.g., 210 or 210'. Resources 218 and 218' are resources available to the client device 210 and/or applications thereon, or server(s) 230 and/or 5 Defensive Publications Series, Art. 321 [2016] http://www.tdcommons.org/dpubs_series/321 web page(s) accessible therefrom, respectively. Resources 218' may be, for example, memory or storage resources; a text, image, video, audio, JavaScript, CSS, or other file or object; or other relevant resources. Network 240 may be any network or combination of networks that can carry data communication. The subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in software and/or hardware (for example, computers, circuits, or processors). The subject matter can be implemented on a single device or across multiple devices (for example, a client device and a server device). Devices implementing the subject matter can be connected through a wired and/or wireless network. Such devices can receive inputs from a user (for example, from a mouse, keyboard, or touchscreen) and produce an output to a user (for example, through a display). Specific examples disclosed are provided for illustrative purposes and do not limit the scope of the disclosure. 6 Macpherson: REMOVING UNDESIRABLE AUDIO FEATURES FROM A MEDIA STREAM Published by Technical Disclosure Commons, 2016


Abstract This study extends previous work by implementing and evaluating a multi-level intervention with primary and secondary levels of support with 210 students attending an "at-risk" elementary school in Southern California. Student outcomes were assessed from multiple perspectives including curriculum-based measures, statewide achievement tests, behavior rating scales, and school record reviews. Findings of multivariate procedures suggest that a multi-level intervention program containing literacy and behavioral components has the potential to improve reading achievement of students, regardless of level of risk, as measured by district multiple measures and curriculum-based measures. Despite the improvements in reading skills, statistically significant changes on behavioral measures and overall risk status were not obtained. Nonetheless, inspection of effect sizes scores revealed that upper elementary students showed moderate decreases in negative narrative comments and low magnitude decreases in risk scores. Further, primary and upper elementary students demonstrated low magnitude changes on absenteeism. Limitations of this study and directions for future school-based intervention programs are discussed. ********** Today's schools are charged with the task of serving a diverse range of learners who vary dramatically in their academic, behavioral, and social competencies. Students who deviate from normative performance in these domains are at risk for learning and behavior problems. For example, if a second-grade student's decoding skills are poor, it is difficult for him or her to build fluency and comprehension skill. Over time, the problem of decoding broadens to deficits in other reading skills as well as less interaction with print as compared to students who are more competent readers (O'Shaughnessy, Lane, Gresham, & Beebe-Frankenberger, 2003). This dis parity between "poor" readers getting "poorer" and "rich" readers getting "richer" has been called the Matthew Effect, based on the biblical story of Matthew (Stanovich, 1986, 1988). The same is true in the social and behavioral domain as well. For example, students who exhibit antisocial behavior are at risk for more pejorative behavioral problems such as conduct disorders and antisocial personality disorder (Walker, Colvin, & Ramsey, 1995; Walker & Severson, 2002). Antisocial behavior is defined as persistent violations of socially prescribed behavior patterns (Simcha-Fagan, Langer, Gersten, & Eisenberg, 1975). Without intervention, antisocial behavior serves as the foundation for conduct disorders, a clinical term to describe a behavior disorder that often requires mental health services (American Psychiatric Association, 1994; Gresham, Lane, & Lambros, 2000). Given that reading and aggressive behavior problems become increasingly stable over time (Kazdin, 1987, 1993; O'Shaughnessy et al., 2003; Walker, Shinn, O'Neill, & Ramsey, 1987), it is important that schools employ proactive practices to identify and intervene with learning and behavior problems during the early educational years. Preferably, intervention should occur before third grade if prevention is the primary objective (Bullis & Walker, 1994; O'Shaughnessy et al., 2003). Further, it is important that schools also employ evidenced-based reactive, selective interventions to meet the academic, social, and behavioral needs of students who are nonresponsive to primary intervention efforts. One method of providing graduated support for students is through a three-tiered multileveled model (Lane & Menzies, 2002; Lewis & Sugai, 1999; O'Shaughnessy, Lane, Gresham, & Beebe-Frankenberger, 2002; Walker & Severson, 2002). By designing and implementing a data-driven model with primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of support, schools can both prevent and remediate academic and socio-behavioral problem (Gresham, 2002; Kamps, Dravits, Stolze, & Swaggart, 1999; Walker & Severson, 2002). …


Capillary manometers were used for the simultaneous determination of microgram quantities of nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen by the inert-gas fusion technique. The gases evolved from fusion of the sample are carried by helium, flrst through hot copper oxide for oxidation of H/sub 2/ to H/sub 2/O and CO to CO/sub 2/, then through capillary-manometer cold traps for the isolation and subsequent measurement of H/sub 2/O (at 110 deg C) and CO/sub 2/, and finally through activated charcoal at --196 deg C for the removal of N/sub 2/. The N/sub 2/ is transferred by Toepler pump to a capillary manometer for measurement. The time required for a complete analysis is about 25 minutes; less, if all three elements are not required. Sensitivity and precision are about the same as for the vacuum fusion method. (auth)


In this paper we investigate the existence and regularity of the solutions to the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation, @ t u = Au + (a + ii))u ? (b + ii)juj 2 u, on the phase space L r;p (R n) of weighted L p functions in innnite domain R n of arbitrary spatial dimensions. The unique local strong solutions are established for subcritical , i.e., r > n p ? 1. Especially, the classical Lebesgue phase space L p and the Hilbert phase space H r are included.


The structures and catalytic performances of VTeO/SiO_2 catalysts for selective oxidation of propane to acrolein were studied by XRD,TPR,Raman and XPS techniques.Under the reaction conditions studied,3V/SiO_2 catalyst showed a high activity for propane conversion,but the products were mainly C_3H_6 and CO_x.With addition of Te to the catalyst,conversion of propane and selectivities to C_3H_6 and CO_x were decreased,whereas the selectivity to acrolein was notably increased.The maximal yield of acrolein of 6.6% was obtained on 3V0.5Te/SiO_2 catalyst under 520℃.XPS results indicated that the VTeO/SiO_2,VO_x/SiO_2 and TeOx/SiO_2 catalysts were identical in oxidation states of V~(5+) and Te~(4+),but the catalysts were distinctly different in their structures,as demonstrated by the results of XRD,TPR and Raman.Due to the interaction between V and Te,VTeO/SiO_2 catalysts presented higher dispersion of both V and Te oxides.On the catalysts,amorphous structures were formed by highly dispersed structural units,[Te_2O_5] groups,as well as vanadate-and/or polyvadate-like species.Considering the high dispersion of the active sites in the disorder structures,the structures were assumed to be beneficial to the formation of acrolein from propane oxidation.


Nanoparticles with well-defined facets enable quantitative correlations between surface features and catalytic activity. Here, we explore the role of geometric and acid–base properties in the mecha...


Improvement of lubricity between tool and chip or workpiece is essential for obtaining good cutting performances. In particular, the achievement of high lubricity is required in minimal quantity lubrication (MQL) cutting. MQL cuttings, however, have problems relating to low lubricity or low stability and, as a result, the introduction to practical cutting industry is limited. Then we examined intermittent cutting -face millingexperiments for aluminum alloy under flood fluid supply in order to clarify the problems. As the result, it was confirmed that the lubricity between tool and chip deteriorates as cutting probresses, namely, with longer cutting length. Then , to overcome the above problem, cutting tools with micro structured surface, that is, micro grooves were developed in the hopes that the grooves play the role as retainer of cutting fluid. A series of cutting experiments revealed that the cutting shear angle became larger and the cutting force became lower, as compared with the conventional cutting tool without micro grooves. This demonstrated that the micro grooves brought low friction to cutting tool surface. Furthermore, it was found that the newly developed cutting tool was effective for maintaining good lubricity in MQL cutting.


A method for encoding visual information comprising the steps of: - dividing the visual information in a predetermined pattern in a matrix number; - determining the position of each pattern in the matrix; - encrypt the visual information by rearranging the patterns into new positions in the matrix in a predetermined shape on the matrix, the default area is equal to the area of the initial visual information; and - generating an encryption key that provides new positions for each pattern; characterized in that the patterns are reordered in the matrix in a predetermined shape that is different from the original form of visual information.


L. ACKERS, Shifting Spaces: Women, Citizenship and Migration R. OWEN , State, Power and Politics in the Making of the Modern Middle East, 2nd edition, Routledge, London (2000). within the European Union, Policy Press, Bristol (1998). vii 1 343 pp. £45.00 (hbk). £18.99 (pbk). ISBN 1 86134 xvi 1 259 pp. £16.99 (pbk). ISBN 0 415 19674 4. J. PHILIPPE, P.-Y. LE O and L.-M. BOULIANNE (Eds), 127 X (hbk). ISBN 1 86134 038 9 (pbk). B. CALLANAN , Ireland's Shannon Story: Leaders, Visions and Services et Me tropoles: Formes urbaines et changement e conomique, L'Harmattan, Paris (1998). 300 pp. 170 F (pbk). Networks ± A Case Study of Local and Regional Development, Irish Academic Press, Dublin (2000). xvii 1 204 pp. ISBN 2 7384 8211 2. E. J. SOJA , Postmetropolis: Critical Studies of Cities and Regions, £35.00 (hbk). ISBN 0 7165 2710 3. A. J. CHRISTOPHER, The Atlas of States: Global Change Blackwell, Oxford (2000). xx 1 440 pp. £16.99 (pbk). ISBN 1 57718 001 1. 1900± 2000, John Wiley, Chichester (1999). xi 1 274 pp. No price given. ISBN 0 471 98613 5 (hbk). A. A. SUMMERS, P. C. CHESIRE and L. SENN (Eds), Urban Change in the United States and Western Europe: Comparative N. GARDNER, A Guide to United Kingdom and European Union Competition Policy (3rd edition), Macmillan, BasingAnalysis and Policy, 2nd edition, Urban Institute Press, Washington, DC (1999). xiv 1 621 pp. No price given. stoke (2000). xi 1 181 pp. £45.00 (hbk). ISBN 0 333 76391 2. ISBN 0 87766 683 0 (pbk). N. VANHOVE, Regional Policy: A European Approach, 3rd C. KASIMIS and A. G. PAPADOPOULOS (Eds), Local Responses to Global Integration, Ashgate, Aldershot (1999). edition, Ashgate, Aldershot (1999). xx 1 639 pp. £55.00 (hbk). ISBN 1 84014 994 9. ix 1 270 pp. £39.95 (hbk). ISBN 1 84014 844 6. C. MARTI N , The Spanish Economy in the New Europe, MacA. G. W ILSON , Complex Spatial Systems: The Modelling Foundations of Urban and Regional Analysis, Pearson Educamillan, Basingstoke (2000). xix 1 307 pp. No price given. ISBN 0 333 77459 0. tion, Harlow (2000). viii 1 174 pp. £19.99 (pbk). ISBN 0 582 41896 8. J. M ILIOS, L. KAT SELI and T. PELAGIDIS (Eds), Rethinking Democracy and the Welfare State, Ellinika Grammatica, Y. YAMAMOTO (Ed), Globalism, Regionalism and Nationalism: Asia in Search of its Role in the 21st Century, Blackwell, Athens (1999). 431 pp. No price given. ISBN 960 344 639 4. Oxford (2000). xi 1 260 pp. £14.99 (pbk). ISBN 0 631 21400 3.


We have observed six Herbig Ae/Be stars at 50 and 100 microns with the Kuiper Airborne Observatory (KAO). All were classified as group I sources by Hillenbrand et al., signifying that their spectral energy distributions could be modeled with stars surrounded only by accretion disks. If the far-infrared emission is assumed to arise in a disk, it should be unresolved at 100 microns, regardless of the size of the disk. In contrast, we find that five out of six sources are clearly resolved at 100 microns. Three sources were also observed at 50 microns and at least two were resolved. Consequently the far-infrared emission must arise in another component, most plausibly a circumstellar envelope. This suggests that the group I sources may be less distinct from the group II sources than previously suggested. Since the presence of an envelope can affect both the actual temperature distribution in a disk and the temperature distribution derived from modeling the emission, more consistent models, including both disks and envelopes, are needed for these sources.


For the heavy workload of data sampling by fingerprint matching algorithm,a algorithm based on virtual Radio-map and Markov chain was presented to enhance the positioning accuracy in coal mine.Given the complex underground environment,dynamic attenuation factor was implemented by fading channel model and linear interpolation method,and the establishments of virtual Radio-map reduced the offline work load.Given the received signal strength indication(RSSI)priori distribution assumptions and statistical characteristics at each sampling point,weighted kernel function method based on Bayesian framework was utilized at online phase.To construct probability density distribution,each sample was given a " kernel" with itself by kernel function method and avoided errors caused by determining model,with the positioning precision improved.In order to optimize the positioning results,considering the influence of prior probability on posterior probability,Markov chain positioning algorithm based on Gaussian model was proposed and the positioning improved by inhibiting greatly the jump of moving target.Experiments show that the positioning accuracy meets the requirement of the underground localization.


Within the genus Rhipicephalus there is the so called sanguineus complex formed by several species presented only in the Old World, of which only Rhipicephalus sanguineus is considered to occur in the New World. As the species of this complex have great morphological similarity is possible that more than one species of this complex is occurring in the Americas. Rhipicephalus sanguineus is a natural parasite of dogs that may eventually parasitize other hosts, including humans, acting as a potencial vector of bioagent that causes Brazilian Spotted Fever, the most important human tick-borne disease in Brazil. Most cases of Brazilian Spotted Fever occurs in the South and Southeast of the country, with deaths concentrated in the Southeast region. Genetic variability in ticks can influence their ability to transmit different species or strains of pathogens. Thus, genetically distinct populations may have different vector capabilities. The objective of this project is to analyze the morphological and genetic diversity of Rhipicephalus sanguineus in different regions of Brazil.


A porous charcoal adsorbent for cleaning environment is composed of porous charcoal as carrier and zinc oxide nano-particles as active component. Its preparing process includes such steps as reaction between zinc nitrate micro-emulsion and sodium hydroxide to obtain zinc oxide nano-particles, carrying them by porous charcoal and heat treating. Its advantages are high absorptive power and high photo-catalytic and antibacterial activities.


Aiming at the complexity of multicore model in practical application, the three major models of data flow, master-slave and OpenMp are analyzed in this paper. Because the OpenMp model is easier to be implemented, it is taken as the major research object. Firstly, the implementation principle of OpenMp model is studied; the time consumed by the thread creation and task partitioning in the nested loop of the OpenMp model is analyzed in this paper. Then, the relationship between the core number and the number of threads in the OpenMp model is also studied. Finally, taking TMS320C6678 multi-core DSP of TI Company as the core processor, a simple image processing algorithm is used to verify the conclusions drawn from the above research. The results of test have proved OpenMp model when the number of threads is equal to the core number shortest execution time.


Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune
 demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by
 neuroinflammation, neurodenegeration and functional disability. Available
 drugs reduce the inflammatory condition and thus protect from demyelination
 and axonal damage. However, treatments to enhance remyelination are not
 available. Among the new therapies that are being investigated, mesenchymal
 stem cell (MSC) therapy has emerged as a promising alternative for enhancing
 endogenous remyelinating processes. Beneficial effects have already been
 obtained from MSC therapy in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
 model, but its mechanism of action is still not well understood. To provide a better understanding of the
 influence of MSC in the CNS, we transplanted MSC from different origins
 (human, murine and canine) directly into the ventricles or into the lesions
 in the corpus callosum during cuprizone induced demyelination. Evaluation of
 the remyelination process was conducted through immunohistochemical analysis
 of the myelin content and the glial cell populations. Additionally, we first
 characterized several oligodendroglial markers (APC and Olig2) for the
 unambiguous identification of oligodendroglial cells during our major
 experiments.
 Our results show that MSC neither
 influenced remyelination nor glial reactions. Therefore, we conclude that MSC
 do not have a direct beneficial impact on CNS remyelination in the toxic
 cuprizone model, in which peripheral immune cells do not play an important
 role. Consequently, we suggest that positive MSC effects might be depended on
 the presence of the peripheral immune system.


The emerging research into spatial sound as a medium, in conjunction with recent technical developments in spatial sound processing and acoustic holography, provides a new field of study that may further the understanding of the principles of sound wave propagation and how to make use of its potential effects on human wellbeing. Prior studies conducted during recent years show that spatial coherence of sound waves may have a distinct effect on harnessing energy in natural systems, such as improved homeostasis in the human body. Spatial coherence of sound is understood as the alignment of sound waves in specific symmetrical patterns and the amplification of associated harmonic spectra as a result, which coincides with an observed improvement of the physiological and psychological state of subjects exposed to the sound waves. We consider these aspects to be intertwined as part of a unified non- discrete system, meaning the connectome of various natural systems bound by the fundamental principle of syntropy (negentropy). This notion informs and gives rise to the hypothesis that spatial projection of sound may provide a means for Acoustic Effector Stimulation (AES) to help restore, maintain and optimize balance in cell organisms, implying potential applications for treatment and prevention of pathological conditions associated with disease and trauma.


Nine ocean wave energy conversion techniques are described and discussed. These techniques include the use of heaving and pitching bodies, cavity resonators, wave focusing, pressure devices surging devices, paddles, outriggers and combination devices. Examples of each technique are presented, and required subsystems are described. Finally a comparison study is performed based on efficiency, operational practicality and cost.


Objective:To assess prenatal ultrasonic characters and diagnostic methods of fetal nose deformities and to improve the coincidence rate of these abnormalities.Methods:All fetal noses were detected by coronal, horizontal and sagittal scan with ultrasonography and horizontal section of naris and center sagittal section of fetal face were as main sections. The diagnosis of fetal nose deformities was definited when the character of abnormalities was displayed in two above-mentioned sections. All fetus specimens from induced labor were rescanned simulating intra-uterus condition using ultrasonography and were compared with those of autopsy.Results:25 cases of 31 fetal nose deformities were found by prenatal ultrasound. The total coincidence rate of prenatal ultrasonic examination was 80.6%(25/31).These deformities included the nose defect 6 cases, the long nose or beak nose 5 cases, the flat nose or single nostril 3 cases, the central cleft lip-palate with nose dysplasia 7 cases,the saddle nose 9 cases, the cleft nose 1 case and 13 cases experienced chromosome caryotype analysis.Conclusion:Prenatal ultrasonic examination can display accurately fetal nose, and is a reliable method for diagnosis of fetal nose deformities.


Abstract The Conference was sponsored by the International Atomic Energy Agency and attended by over 500 delegates representing 30 countries; it was the first major international conference on controlled fusion research to be held since the 1958 Geneva Conference. This review will describe some of the new aspects of a subject in which considerable progress has been made during these last three years, chiefly in the heating of plasmas and their containment by magnetic fields, since it is along these lines that it is hoped to solve the problem of obtaining useful power from the fusion of light nuclei.


This brief essay will be narrow in focus, its aim being to present a careful exposition of the concept of "reliability" as it is treated in Heidegger's "The Origin of the Work of Art."1 Since in this essay's famous discussion of a painting of shoes by Van Gogh, Heidegger maintains that it is the revelation of the "equipment-being" of the shoes that is the singular achievement of the painting, and since, in turn, this equipment-being is determined to be "reliability," it behooves us to secure a firm grasp of what reliability is, in order to understand more completely the nature of the disclosure effected by the painting. Too often, I think, reliability is understood, based on loose readings of Being and Time, to be a sort of inconspicuousness that characterizes the being of equipment in its everyday use. Equipment, the story goes, only becomes conspicuous in "breakdown" situations, where that "for which" it has its being comes into view as what has suddenly become impossible. Since being reliable seems to be precisely "not breaking down," reliability is associated with a sort of "default" inconspicuousness. The "Origin," essay, however, clearly asks us to think of reliability in a rather different way. It would be very odd, I think, if Van Gogh's painting of shoes, which supposedly discloses to us the equipment being of a peasant woman's shoes (or Van Gogh's own shoes, as the case may be), only offered to us, in this disclosure, their inconspicuousness-something like a "not having been noticed before." Surely, the very being of equipment is not exhausted by its inconspicuousness, but is rather more fundamentally determined by something else, and it is that which becomes inconspicuous. This would certainly make a great deal more sense; and, indeed, Heidegger offers us, in the "Origin" essay, a framework within which to think of equipment-being on its own terms, not merely as inconspicuousness. Even before indicating that the being of equipment lies in its reliability, Heidegger gives this being a different name-"protected belonging." At the end of the much-discussed passage in which Van Gogh's shoes "speak" of the tiresome tread and wordless joy of the peasant woman, Heidegger writes that "This equipment belongs to the earth, and it is protected in the world of the peasant woman. From out of this protected belonging the equipment itself rises to its resting-within-itself" (34; italics mine). In the paragraphs that follow, this resting within itself is renamed "reliability" Reliability is that in which the "repose of equipment resting within itself [die Ruhe des in sich ruhenden Zeuges] consists" (35). In this reliability, "we discern what equipment in truth is" (ibid.). These two formulations, reliability and protected belonging, point to the same thing-that by which the equipment has its self-sufficiency; that by which the equipment can be as equipment; in other words, the equipment-being of equipment. So we must come to understand this affiliation between reliability and protected belonging. First, what is reliability? Heidegger is clear about what it is not. He argues that while the equipmental quality of equipment consists in its usefulness, this usefulness itself rests in "the abundance of an essential being of equipment" (34), which he calls reliability. Reliability, then, is to be distinguished from usefulness, as its more essential source. How are we to understand this? How to understand Heidegger's use of these two concepts-usefulness and reliability-and their relation to each other? Using and Relying in Everyday Speech In order to understand the difference between "usefulness" and "reliability," I suggest we need to pay attention to the words "using" and "relying-on" as they occur in ordinary speech. Heidegger of course does not adhere strictly to the commonplace understanding of reliability, but meaningful observations can still be made in this way.2 One clear distinction can be observed at first glance. …


The rank of the matrix is one of the most important content when discussing the matrix and the questions which are related to it.This article promoted the n step Hankel to generalized s×t Hankel,then using the elementary operation,it sought the rank of m ratio and m grade generalized s×t Hankel from specially to generally.


Interference could result in significant performance degradation in WiFi networks. Most existing solutions to interference cancellation require extra RF hardware, which is usually infeasible in many low-power wireless scenarios. In this paper, we present AiFi, a new interference cancellation technique that can be applied to commodity WiFi devices without using any extra RF hardware. The key idea of AiFi is to retrieve knowledge about interference from the locally available physical-layer (PHY) information at the WiFi receiver, including the pilot information (PI) and the channel state information (CSI). AiFi leverages the power of AI to address the possible ambiguity when estimating interference from these PHY information, and incorporates the domain knowledge about WiFi PHY to minimize the neural network complexity. Experiment results show that AiFi can correct 80% of bit errors due to interference and improves the MAC frame reception rate by 18x, with <1ms latency for interference cancellation in each frame.


Conventionally the laboratory time-compression data from an odometer test are analyzed by graphical methods. This involves the determination of initial compression, delta(i), total primary consolidation, delta(100), and coefficient of consolidation, C-v. The advent of computer-controlled data-logging systems calls for adoption of non-graphical techniques for analysis of consolidation test data. In this Technical Note a non-graphical matching method is proposed for analyzing the time-compression data. The values of delta(i), delta(100), and C-v can be obtained by direct matching with the theory. The computed time-compression curve for this C-v value matches very well with the experimental data in the primary consolidation phase. The proposed method is also applicable to consolidation under conditions of radial drainage. The method will be very useful if the data are collected through computer-driven data-logging systems


The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) provides a useful framework for the diagnosis of salivary gland fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies. In this study, the MSRSGC was applied to salivary gland FNAs in pediatric patients to assess its usefulness and look at pitfalls.


This volume consists of major books written in the English language on NATO as well as an extensive listing of journal articles that deal with various aspects of the Alliance. All the major debates that have taken place over the last forty years are discussed.


The purpose of the study is to formulate the concept of "environmental and legal culture", to identify its main properties and characteristics, to designate the methodological apparatus of its research; to substantiate the importance of an integrated approach and an axiological research method. The object of the research is the "environmental and legal culture" itself, and the subject is its structure, functions and processes of its objectification. Structural, functional, and comparative research methods became the methodological basis. The research results: the concept of "environmental culture", "environmental and legal culture" was formulated; the necessity of applying an integrated approach and an axiological method to the study of the phenomenon of "environmental and legal culture" was substantiated; the interrelation of legal awareness, education and enlightenment, legal technique and political guidelines of the Concept of sustainable development as characteristics of the concept of "environmental and legal culture" and the phenomena that predetermine and characterize it, are revealed. The authors emphasize that the "environmental and legal culture" is formed primarily on the basis of the norms of Environmental law, and not on the entire array of humanitarian and natural science knowledge about the environment as a whole. The novelty of the work is determined by the approach itself to substantiating the requirement for an integrated approach and an axiological method to study the content of the concept of "environmental and legal culture".


Sensors utilizing thermal phenomena, such as flow sensors or gas sensors, often rely on static heating and temperature measurements. Employing a time-harmonic heat source instead leads to the propagation of a thermal wave in a thermally conductive medium, which is superposed to the static heat flow. This decaying thermal wave is reflected at thermal boundaries between media of different conductivities and behaves similar to, e.g., acoustic shear waves in liquids or the electromagnetic waves in electrically conductive media. We have modeled and investigated reflector designs to optimize the temperature transmission and heat flux of the harmonic thermal wave in miniaturized membrane structures. Our results show that harmonic temperature distribution and heat flow from the heater into the substrate can be reduced by several factors up to an order of magnitude compared to non-reflector designs.


In the finance domain the main difficulty faced by the customers is the fraudulency in crediting the amount. Since the evolution of credit cards increased, the frauds on the other hand joined its hand. Previously, many rule based methods were to detect the fraudulent which were not efficient in handling the wide range of variables. But it is necessary to identify the fraud to avoid customer paying unnecessary credit. Because it can be more fascinating and crucial in the security sector, identifying fraud in the payment of credit cards system. To avoid this problem of fraudulent activity in credit card system machine learning model is developed with the three algorithms. Those three algorithms indulged in the model include logistic regression, random forest classifier, bernoulli naive bayes classifier. The efficiency obtained using logistic regression is 96% and with random forest classifiers is about 98% and with naive bayes it is 95%. Thus, the model analyses the best among the three machine learning algorithms.


The objective of this study is to define an optimum additive manufacturing process which incorporates not only low volume production and short delivery time but also missing, or defective documentation of the industrial components. This inevitably requires the integration of digitization through reverse engineering and state of the art direct and indirect additive manufacturing methods as these are built upon the fundamentals of lead time and cost efficiency which complement business potentials. The work was commissioned by Outotec (Finland) Oy and Aalto University. The data of exemplary components was provided by Outotec (Finland) Oy. The digitization measures and the ISO/ASTM standard additive manufacturing methods were explored and an integrated screening and design process was developed. Cost and lead time analyses were performed in correspondence to exemplary components and their relative business advantages against conventional manufacturing methods were discovered. In addition, performance of two exemplary components was evaluated via additive manufacturing enabled optimization studies. In order to validate and verify the suitability of the manufactured materials according to the predefined standards of Outotec (Finland) Oy, corrosion tests and tensile tests were performed. As a result of this thesis, an additive manufacturing integrated screening algorithm and design process is developed through which costs and lead times of 15 industrial components are evaluated and are utilized for good advantage. In addition, design for additive manufacturing is used to enhance the performance of two industrial components and prototypes are manufactured in order to provide proof of concept. Finally, it is discovered that additively manufactured Stainless Steel 316L is not as corrosion resistant compared to wrought alloys of EN 1.4404 and EN 1.4432 in very aggressive corrosion environments and it has an ultimate tensile strength of approximately 595 MPa with 13% anisotropy in favour of horizontal print orientation. Whereas, additively manufactured Titanium Ti64 is corrosion resistant with respect to its bulk material with an ultimate tensile strength of approximately 1100 MPa containing 5% anisotropy in favour of horizontal print orientation. Overall, this study provided a fundamental workflow for implementation of industrial additive manufacturing for higher production efficiency.


Abstract: The fabrication of periodic photonic microstructures by the interference of ultrashort pulse laser beams has found applications in several fields. This interference can produce a periodically modulated light intensity distribution with a period of the same order as the laser wavelength. A periodically modulated microstructure can be obtained if the periodically modulated light intensity distribution is transferred to a photoreactive material. The interference of two beams creates a onedimensional periodic pattern. In principle, by increasing the number of beams, 2D and 3D periodic patterns can be obtained. This technique (with its unique advantages of being maskless and photoresist-free, with inner encoding for transparent materials and single step processing) has opened up the possibility of fabrication of periodic functional microstructures in a large variety of materials. This chapter discusses the fabrication of periodic photonic microstructures by multi-beam interfered femtosecond laser pulses, and also looks at their applications for photonic devices.


Four, Web-based tutorials that deal with chemical processes in the blood and provide an integrated biological context for a variety of chemical concepts.


We regard a MIMO network with two transmitters and two receivers, in which each transmitter sends information to both of the receivers, a scenario known as the MIMO X channel. For such a system, the recently proposed interference alignment technique is proven to achieve the maximum degrees of freedom, which cannot be reached by conventional zero-forcing. In contrast to other scenarios, for the MIMO X channel algebraic expressions to obtain interference alignment can be easily found. Additionally, the set of parameters for possible alignments is a continuous manifold rather than a discrete set, which directly raises the question of how to find the best alignment when aiming at maximizing a utility of the transmission rates. Due to the non-convexity of the problem, finding the global optimally solution is numerically exhaustive and we are willing to accept a locally optimal solution. In this work we show an efficient parametrization of the problem which allows to apply a projected gradient approach that guarantees an aligned solution. In numerical simulations we show the superiority of our method compared to existing algorithms.


Nearly 30 years on from its first formulation, the contact zone paradigm is still being debated and refined as its first formulator, Mary Louise Pratt, dialogues with her most constructive critics. Though originally proposed as a research tool in the field of literacy and literary theories, it has proved versatile, thought-provoking and generally popular in many other walks of the humanities, and indeed wherever the notion of "culture" is amenable to problemanalysis (Hong 2001, 259–83; Giffard 2016, 29–41). Without any claim to exhaustiveness in what is potentially an infinite topic, my chapter sets out to assess the contact zone paradigm in a field where it has not yet been seriously applied: economic history in its broadest sense. I will attempt this by means of a case study that dates back to the post-colonial era, but which I will try to frame in a longer-term analysis: the negotiations between the Federal Republic of Germany and the People's Republic of China in the years following 1949, their aim being to promote and regulate trade between the two countries, despite the geopolitical impediments and the unfavourable ideological climate caused by the Cold War.


This dataset contains instantaneous model states from two simulations of Jupiter's atmosphere, over 100 Earth days. The data were generated by a version of the MIT General Circulation Model (MITgcm) modified to simulate Jupiter's upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The model simulates Jupiter's weather layer down to 18 bar at 0.7 degree horizontal resolution, with parametrizations of radiative forcing, vertical diffusion, dry convection, and ammonia and water cycles. Run B has 5.7 W/m2 heating into the bottom of the domain, while Run A does not; both are heated by the Sun from above.


This paper introduces our approach to building a robot with communication capability based on the two key features: stochastic neural dynamics and prediction error minimization. A preliminary experiment showed that the humanoid robot was able to imitate other's action by means of those key features. In addition, we found that some sorts of communicative patterns emerged between two robots in which the robots inferred the intention of another agent behind the sensory observation.


The idea that some alterations in the cellular disposition of Ca'+ occur as a function of aging has been around for some time. ' x 2 Certainly the early observations that inadequate control of free intracellular Ca2+ levels leads to cell injury and cell death has received substantial experimental support in studies involving metabolic stress with liver, heart, and nerve cells, to name a few well-known example^.^-^ However, in trying to determine whether the aging process leads to compromised Ca' + regulation capable of producing cellular dysfunction and cell death, we are not likely to see toxicity of the magnitude observed with ischemia or anoxia. Instead, we are likely to be looking for very subtle changes in the ability of aging cells to respond to normal stimuli. In fact the changes may be so subtle that they manifest themselves clearly only when cells are severely stressed by events such as anoxia or excessive stimulation. Presumably the consequences of such subtle aging-induced changes in the brain for the organism as a whole are simply marginal decreases in the efficiency of neuronal processing and the subsequent behavioral output. Consideration of the multiplicity of roles that Ca'+ plays in neurotransmission and intracellular signalling suggests that it is quite conceivable that minor changes in Ca2+-regulating processes in neurons could contribute significantly to the cognitive and behavioral changes frequently associated with the aging process. As Gibson and Peterson' document so well in their extensive review, there is a very significant body of experimental literature suggesting that the aging process affects neuronal Ca2+ regulation, but the mechanisms underlying the reported observations are for the most part unknown. The incredible complexity of the overall cellular regulation of Ca2+ disposition presents a formidable task for those interested in identifying the precise nature of alterations in Ca2+ handling systems that may underlie some changes in neuronal and, ultimately, in cognitive and behavioral performance. A definitive characterization of age-dependent changes in neuronal Ca2+ regulation will first require a detailed knowledge of the properties of the systems that participate in the influx, binding, sequestration, intracellular release, and extrusion of Ca2+. FIGURE 1 presents a schematic representation of what are believed to be the major systems responsible for maintaining Ca2 + homeostasis in nerve terminals, but the same processes are likely to exist throughout the entire neuron and in other cells as well. The resting free intracellular Ca' + [Ca" 1, appears to be controlled primarily by sequestration into organelles such as the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) or perhaps into the recently described "cal~iosomes."~ Small elevations in [Ca'+], are likely to be reversed by Ca2+ extrusion via the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase. The large increases in [Ca'+]i which occur upon stimulation of the cells require several mechanisms to restore prestimulation levels or to signal the establishment of a new steady state for Ca2+.' Under


In the past many patients with inherited bleeding disorders contracted hepatitis C infection from the use of untreated plasma products leading to chronic liver disease. FVII, because of its short half-life has traditionally been used as a sensitive marker for subtle liver damage. In this study we measured Factors II, V, VII, X and XI in a cohort of 25 haemophilia patients who had longstanding hepatitis C infection in order to assess the effects of liver damage on these coagulation factors. The table below shows the number of patients with deficiencies of the measured factors together with the median levels in deficient patients. Also shown are the medians levels in cirrhotic and non cirrhotic patients. This data demonstrates that an acquired deficiency of FXI is much more common and severe than the other coagulation factors. 16 patients had low FXI levels compared to only 8 patients with low FVII. 5/25 patients had evidence of cirrhosis (median FVII-60iu/dl; median FXI-36.1u/dl). In the non-cirrhotic group, only 3 patients had low FVII compared to 11 patients with low FXI. 15/25 patients were non-cirrhotic with persistent hepatitis C viraemia (median FVII-100.4iu/dl; median FXI-66.7u/dl). 5/25 had cleared the hepatitis C virus after treatment with combination therapy with interferon and ribavarin with only one patient with persistently low FXI level (median FVII-112.9iu/dl; median XI-88.2u/dl). Our data suggests that low FXI levels have a greater discriminatory value for liver damage and possibly for liver regeneration after successful treatment for hepatitis C. This deficiency is a quantitative defect as the functional levels of FXI correlated with FXI antigen levels. Factor XI deficiency causes variable bleeding symptoms which are not predictable by the degree of deficiency. In contrast, deficiencies of Factors II, V, VII, X need to be severely reduced before bleeding symptoms are experienced. In the context of patients with inherited bleeding disorders the presence of an additional, acquired factor XI deficiency may have an impact on the severity of bleeding symptoms and patient management. This may be evidenced by breakthrough bleeding episodes on adequate prophylaxis or protracted resolution of a bleeding episode despite appropriate treatment with Factor VIII or IX concentrates. Increasing the dose of Factor VIII or IX concentrates may only partially resolve the bleeding episode but has significant impact on the cost of care for these patients. It is therefore crucial to be aware of the need to measure and monitor FXI levels in patients with haemophilia and hepatitis C. In these circumstances replacement of factor XI may need to be considered.


On the cover: For 25 years, the transplantation community has known that the CD40:CD154 receptor ligand pair has a critical role in the initiation of alloimmune responses Importantly, blocking CD154 has consistently been more effective than blocking its receptor CD40, leading to long standing speculation that an alternative ligand for CD154 exists In this month?s AJT, Danya Liu and Mandy Ford (page 2216) present an exceptional series of experiments definitively demonstrating that CD11b serves as a relevant alternative ligand for CD154 in the context of allotransplantation This is a critical finding that has substantial translational potential Also, we continue to make all COVID-19 related manuscripts available online at amjtransplant com/covid19 Cover design by Megan Llewellyn, Duke University Section of Surgical Disciplines


The establishment of single sex classes in mixed secondary schools has been proposed as a strategy to increase the participation and achievement of girls in physics. This paper reports some findings from a three-year longitudinal case study of two single sex GCSE physics classes in a mixed comprehensive school in England. The results indicate that girls who elected to study physics in a single sex class gain confidence in the subject over the GCSE course, that gain in confidence is associated with better GCSE achievement, and that this increases the likelihood of studying A-level physics.


Introduction IN 1625 "I. W. Gent." issued a collection of letters, most with replies attached, designed both to amuse readers and to instruct them in the art of personal correspondence. This slim volume of fifty-nine pages, printed in black letter, is entitled A Speedie Poste, With certain New Letters, or The First Fruits of new Conceits, neuer yet disclosed. Now published for the helpe of such as are desirous to learne to write Letters (STC 24909). Only two copies survive--one in the British Library (10905 bb 29), the other in the library of the Princeton Theological Seminary (SCB #11914). The British Library copy contains a table of contents (sigs. A4 and A4v), which the Princeton copy lacks; but apart from the missing "Contents of this Booke" in the American exemplar, both copies are complete and differ from each other only in a few insignificant stop-press corrections. The book was entered in the Stationers' Register 15 January 1625 and printed by Miles Flesher (or Fletcher) for William Sheares. A second edition was issued in 1629 and printed "by Elizabeth Allde, for Francis Coules, dwelling in the Old Baily" (STC 24909.5), an imperfect copy of which is in the Huntington Library, San Marino, California. A Speedy Post constitutes a late addition to the popular succession of so-called letter writers or correspondence manuals that began with Angel Day's English Secretary and William Fulwood's Enemy of Idleness (both 1586) and continued well into the seventeenth century. As Jean Robertson pointed out in her useful history of the genre, such handbooks took "a new turn in 1602 with the publication of Nicholas Breton's A Poste with a Packet of Madde Letters." (1) This last volume, the instant success of which prompted the author to enlarge it a year later and to issue a second part in 1605, was closely imitated by later writers including "I.W.," who followed Breton in attempting to entertain readers as well as moralize pithily on various subjects. Like Breton, I.W. included letters of compliment, of preferment of a servant, of declaring love to a mistress, of proposing marriage, of condolence, of challenge in a quarrel, of seeking to borrow money, and of offering advice. Like Breton also, I.W. goes in for pointed satire, insistent alliteration, tireless wordplay, and other "fantasticall" or studied artificialities of style. We get the letter of a country bumpkin to his sweetheart, an exchange of letters between a courtier and a university student with much debunking of the court and praise of the scholarly life, and letters that delight in scoffing or leveling vituperative abuse at a third party or even at the recipient him- or herself. Toward the end of the book I.W. offers advice for prospective letter writers, urging them to avoid pedantry, "perfumed phrases," and the insertion of pretentious Latin mottoes or proverbs more appropriate to public orations than to personal missives. One sign that I.W. is following closely in Breton's traces is the printer's use of the same woodcut on the title page that had earlier introduced A Poste with a Packet--the figure of a galloping postman blowing his horn to announce his service. Ever since the Australian scholar R. G. Howarth ascribed it to John Webster on the basis of the title page initials ("I.W. Gent.") and a striking verbal parallel between the book's preface and the dramatist's dedication of The Duchess of Malfi, (2) A Speedy Post has languished in the limbo of Webster apocrypha. In his address "To the Courteous ... Reader" I.W. rails "against the ignorant worldlings of this iron age, who (as wormes in a Library) seeme onely to live, but for to destroy learning" (sig. A3v); Webster uses nearly identical phraseology in dedicating The Duchess to George Harding, Baron Berkely, where he refers to "the ignorant scorners of the Muses (that like wormes in Libraries, seeme to live onely to destroy learning)" (11. 19-21). It is possible of course that an unknown writer calling himself "I. …


This paper draws lessons from the development of Forest Reference Level (FRL) or Forest Emission Reference Level (FREL) in three selected countries in the Hindukush Himalayan (HKH) countries. Using a detailed textual analysis of the relevant documents of India, Myanmar and Nepal, the paper compares and contrasts the processes and contents of the FRLs of these countries. Based on literature on FRL/FREL, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) guideline in particular, the paper identifies seven key criteria for comparing the documents, and then analyses major experiences and insights around those key criteria. It is learnt that both the processes and the contents of the FRL/FREL are diverse even within these three countries which can be attributed to the country contexts and capacities. Key variables reflecting country contexts influencing REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries), FRL/FREL are the socio-political contexts, forest-people relations, forest types and forest governance, and tenure arrangements. In addition, a country's capacity in mobilising its own resources to conduct national forest monitoring and implementing REDD+ are reflected in their levels of comprehensiveness and precision of assessments and targets. The paper argues that, FRL/FREL documents are the negotiated outcomes of universal framework provided by the UNFCCC and that of national contexts and capacities. Therefore, a right balance of these two aspects will increase the likelihoods of effective and accurate measurement of REDD+ outcomes, in terms of carbon benefits particularly, in the context of low prospects of international funding for climate actions in the long run.


This Study aimed to identify the obstacles for applying the STEM approach in teaching Mathematics from the point of view of public school teachers in Ajloun Governorate, the researcher used the Descriptive approaches, study Sample consisted from (130) Female and male mathematics teacher, chosen randomly, to collect data Questioner used, which consisted (26) paragraph divided to three sector, the result of SPSS analysis shown that the degree of the obstacles for applying the STEM approach in teaching Mathematics from the point of view of public school teachers in Ajloun Governorate was High with average (3.77 out of 5) , the obstacles related to the students got the highest average (3.80) with a grade of (high), then the obstacles related to the educational environment with an average of (3.77) and finally the obstacles related to the educational content with an average of (3.73) and both rated (High) The finding also showed there is no statistically significant differences at (α≤0.05) refers to teacher sex (male and female) in addition there were statistically significant differences refers to teacher qualification in favor of (High educating). The study recommended the necessity of achieving the needs of mathematics teaching in public schools in Ajloun governorate according to the STEM approach, and that the Curriculum Department should update the mathematics curricula and adapt the curriculum in line with the nature of the STEM approach.


A popular objection to the Many-worlds interpretation of Quantum Mechanics is that it allows for quantum suicide where an experimenter creates a device that instantly kills him or leaves him be depending the output of a quantum measurement, since he has no experience of the device killing him he experiences quantum immortality. This is considered counterintuitive and absurd. Presented here is a speculative argument that accepts counterintuitiveness and proposes it as a new approach to physical theory without accepting some of the absurd conclusions of the thought experiment. The approach is based on the idea that the Universe is Fragile in that only a fraction of the time evolved versions retain the familiar structures of people and planets, but the fractions that do not occur are not observed. This presents to us as a skewed view of physics and only by accounting for this fact (which I propose calling the Continual Anthropic Principle) can we understand the true fundamental laws.


Government educational investment represents the principal method by which our society is said to equalize opportunities among its citizens. Historically, it'was assumed that the mere existence of elementary a n d . secondary schools for all students in conjunction with a rapidly expanding system of higher education would guarantee equal access and outcomes among all social and racial groups in society. While individual differences in participation and educational results-based on individual differences in : ability, motivation, and other personal traits-were to be expected, group differences according to social class and race were considered to be


The supply chain (SC) will be considered as a competitive strategy and one of the most useful methods by which companies can deliver products to customers effectively, all aspects of great are really importance to companies. However, each company has its own business scale and market areas, the supply chain model must vary to accommodate those dissimilarities. The contributions of the paper are three-fold: introducing three different types of enterprises concerning market regions, examining three types of supply chain models and developing a specific role of entities in the models. Some Small and Medium sized and effectively, are virtually important to companies. Enterprises (SMEs), which have not established a certain SC, may choose a suitable model. This paper draws up three models of SC for enterprises referring.


The transmittance spectrum and the spontaneous Raman scatting spectrum of YbVO4 crystal were measured.Using a mode-locked Nd:YAG laser with pulse width of 40 ps as the pump source,the second-Stocks Raman output properties of a YbVO4 crystal in an external resonator were tested.The crystal was grown by Czochralski method,the size of the crystal sample was 4 mm×4 mm×15 mm.The wavelength of the Raman laser was 1 315 nm,the maximum output energy was 0.32 mJ,and the highest conversion efficiency was 3.5%.These data were better than the results of GdVO4 crystal which were measured under the same experimental conditions.It indicated that YbVO4 crystal would have good applications for the stimulated Raman scattering of near-infrared laser.


Problem statement: The Cluster of differentiation CD34 molecule is present on certain cells within the human body .It mediate attachment of stem cells to bone marrow extra cellular matrix or directly to stromal cells. Approach: In this study we studied the amount of expression of CD34 on cord blood stem cells in babies of normal healthy pregnant females and in unhealthy conditions as diabetes. Materials and methods; the count of CD34 cells was assessed by flow cytometric analysis. Results: There was statistically significant difference between the count of CD34 cellsin the cord blood. The count was higher with normal vaginal delivery, heavier infants and higher leukocytic count, a significant reduction in the count of CD34 cells in the diabetic group. [Omar M. Eldaly; Raghda A. Hafez and Lobna A. Elqurashi. Immunological Study of CD34 Positive Stem Cells in Cord Blood. J Am Sci 2013;9(7):254-260]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 31


Business analysis is using large volume of data to help people to make decision. Supervised learning methods are widely used in bank system, especially in credit card approval. The goal is to use various data mining algorithms to predict whether a new customer credit scores or to detect credit fraud. This will serve as the basis for the design of a new campaign because a transition from manual review to automatic review by computer could dramatically improve the work efficiency and reduce the labor costs. More tools such as self organizing map and algorithms could shed light on the self-evaluation for credit card applicants, which could raise efficiency.


Uncertainty is inherent in data collected from many important, novel applications such as large sensor networks, WWW, data cleaning and integration, environmental surveillance and market analysis. The sources of uncertainty in these applications vary from data randomness and incompleteness, limitations of measuring equipments, delay or loss in data transfer. As a rapidly growing amount of uncertain data is collected, it is highly desirable to conduct advanced analyzing and query processing over uncertain data. The following five important aspects for uncertain data management are investigated in this thesis. We study the problem of probabilistic top-k skyline queries. A model for the top-k skyline operator is proposed combining the feature of top-k objects and that of skyline. Based on this model, an efficient exact algorithm and a randomized algorithm with e-approximation guarantee are developed for discrete and continuous cases, respectively. We extend skyline operator to streaming environment and study the problem of probabilistic skyline queries over sliding windows. We characterize the minimum information needed in continuously computing probabilistic skyline against a sliding window. Then novel, efficient techniques are developed to process a continuous, probabilistic skyline query. As the top-k dominating query is another important method for multi-criterion iii decision making, we study top-k dominating queries on uncertain data. The problem is formally defined in a probability threshold fashion. Then, a threshold-based algorithm is developed to compute the exact solution. To overcome some inherent computational deficiency in an exact computation, we develop an efficient randomized algorithm with an accuracy guarantee. We study the problem of quantile-based KNN over multi-valued objects. Two different φ-quantile distances are proposed. While the first distance can be computed in polynomial time, the second problem is NP-hard. A set of efficient, novel algorithms have been proposed to give an exact solution for the first problem and an approximate solution for the second problem with the approximation ratio 2. To overcome some deficiencies of existing uncertain index structures, we propose UI-tree which can efficiently support various queries including range queries, similarity joins and their size estimation, as well as top-k range query, over multidimensional uncertain objects against continuous or discrete cases.


This edition of the MoccasinCorner presents Part III in the continuing series of articles on Southern Plains's men's moccasins with fringe, analyzing the characteristics of the Comanche moccasins of this type and this tribe's decorative preferences.


AMERICAN BAB ASSOCIATION JOURNAL, September, 1955 (Vol. 41, No. 9).. TreatyMade Law: A Case in Point on Procedural Deficiencies (pp. 817-819), Donald C. Beelar. , October, 1955 (Vol. 41, No. 10). Mr. Justice Jackson: Sis Contribution at Nuremberg (pp. 912-915), Gordon Dean; Two Federal Bepublics: Mexico and the United States (pp. 919-923), Eduardo Pr ie to; "Old Father Antic the Law": The Favorites of the Courts of Admiralty (pp. 924-927), Erskine Wood; Comparative Law: A Subject for American Lawyers (pp. 928-931), Oliver Schroeder, J r . , November, 1955 (Vol. 41, No. 11). The Spirit of John Marshall: Crusader for Ordered Liberty and Justice (pp. 1005-1008), Dwight D. Eisenhower; American-Soviet Selations: The Prospect for Peace in the World (pp. 1015-1019), Richard M. Nixon.


This paper elucidates the scope of design and implementation of Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) for a Twin Rotor MIMO System (TRMS). SMC provides robust control for non-linear system. The performance parameters improved by SMC includes decoupling design procedure, disturbance rejection, insensitivity to parameter variation and simple mathematical steps in designing of SMC. The system dynamics are decoupled into horizontal and vertical subsystem and two separate SMC's are designed for each subsystem. The design objectives of the controller are to stabilize the TRMS in significant cross coupling, reach a desired position and accurately track a specified trajectory. The proposed method is applied numerically and is validated by simulation results. The results are compared with conventional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller to show effectiveness of SMC with respect to error and control indices.


Recent development of CMOS Si semiconductor device shows that strain along the channel region greatly enhances the device performance, which has assisted further scaling of semiconductor devices. For PFET device, the compressive stress is beneficial to the device performance, while for NFET device, the tensile stress is. Because of that, the strain measurement at nano-meter scale becomes critical for device engineering for next generation integrated circuit (IC) development and manufacturing. It has been shown that converging beam and nano-beam diffraction can be used to measure strain of Si. In 2008, Mytch et al. reported that dark field holography provided a promising path to nano-meter scale strain mapping [1]. Initial strain map acquired by Mytch et al. was done on an instrument with a Lorentz lens (single lens electron holography), which has fringe spacing of 2.0 nm. The principle of dark field holography is to use a biprism to overlap a strained region of the device with an unstrained region in Si. By selecting a specific diffracted beam with an objective aperture to obtain a dark field hologram, the difference of lattice constant between strained and unstrained Si can be measured and the change of the lattice constant can be mapped out through a data processing [1-4]. In this paper, we report that, using a dual lens system on JEOL JEM-2010F [5-8], we achieve a fringe spacing relative to the sample down to 1.0 nm, thus, provide a more detailed map of strain distribution of 3 nm spatial resolution (3x fringe spacing). We also compare strain measurement by dark field electron holography with the ones obtained by converging beam electron diffraction (CBED) and nano-beam electron diffraction (NBD).


Consider a graph G on n vertices satisfying the following Ore‐type condition: for any two nonadjacent vertices x and y of G, we have deg(x)+deg(y)>3n/2 . We conjecture that if we color the edges of G with two colors then the vertex set of G can be partitioned to two vertex disjoint monochromatic cycles of distinct colors. In this article, we prove an asymptotic version of this conjecture.


Poly-8–hydroxyquinoline thin films were prepared respectively by cyclic voltammetric and potentiostatic methods on nickel substrate from an aqueous alkaline solution containing 8-hydroxyquinoline. The electrochemical behaviors of preparation of poly-8–hydroxyquinoline film by the two methods were discussed. Surface morphology and corrosion resistance of the samples obtained by different methods were studied. The results showed that the oxidation peaks for electrodeposition of ploy-8-hydroxyquinoline by cyclic voltammetry are 0.563 V and 0.481 V; while the reduction peak is 0.318 V. Electrodeposition of poly-8-hydroxyquinoline by potentiostatic method involves two processes i.e. nucleation and growth of polymer. The poly-8-hydroxyquinoline film prepared by potentiostatic method is smoother and has better corrosion resistance than that prepared by cyclic voltammetry method. The corrosion resistance of nickel substrates is enhanced effectively due to the fact that poly-8-hydroxyquinoline film increases the charge transfer resistance of substrate surface and prevents its exposure to corrosive medium.


To succeed pwiriwisata in the city of Bogor, the local government of Bogor City Government is currently intensively doing promotional activities, including through the Web Site. To see the extent of the success of promotional efforts through the Website, then conducted a study on the people of Bogor City to assess their perceptions. The approach used in this research is quantitative approach, that is by using calculation with Likert scale. The population includes tourists and potential tourists who have / ever, and will visit the city of Bogor, both in the city of Bogor and outside the city of Bogor. The number of population can not be predicted with certainty. Sampling technique in this research is using accidental sampling method, with the number of samples taken as many as 33 people according to the number of people who successfully met and willing to fill out the questionnaire when done research. Data Collection Technique done in 2 way that is through questioner and documentation. Data Analysis Technique uses the average value formula The results showed that the marketing of Bogor City tourism through the Web Site is very good, it can be seen from the average score of service quality of 3.87 are included in either category. Nevertheless, there are still some assessment components that need to be improved: "Post-Visit Trip Interaction" and "Full Tour Information "


T cells undergoing lymphopenia‐driven proliferation acquire effector and memory properties that can be pathogenic. Indeed, generalized lymphopenia is associated with a variety of autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes. The current study was carried out to determine how CD8+ T cells undergoing acute lymphopenic expansion respond to antigen under tolerizing conditions in vivo. Adoptive transfer of diabetes by TCR‐transgenic CD8+ T cells was enhanced following treatment of NOD. scid recipients with a high dose of soluble peptide. Furthermore, whereas TCR‐transgenic CD8+ T cells underwent clonal deletion and failed to differentiate into CTL in peptide‐treated lymphoreplete recipient mice, TCR‐transgenic CD8+ T cells in a lymphopenic environment were resistant to clonal deletion, and CTL differentiation was enhanced by a high dose of soluble peptide. Moreover, peptide treatment had distinct effects on expression of the anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐XL in TCR‐transgenic CD8+ T cells under lymphopenic versus lymphoreplete conditions. These results demonstrate that CD8+ T cells undergoing lymphopenia‐driven expansion in NOD. scid recipients are resistant to antigen‐induced tolerance, and readily differentiate into CTL upon stimulation with a high dose of soluble peptide.


The interest in this paper is in efficient configuration of automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems for use by under-served speaker populations. A task domain involving Indian farmers accessing information on agricultural commodities through a spoken dialog system in multiple languages is presented. To facilitate the development of ASR system for this domain, a speech corpus was collected in rural areas from speakers of four languages over wireless cellular channels. This paper investigates the problem of ASR acoustic modelling for this task domain. Continuous density hidden Markov model (CDHMM) and subspace Gaussian mixture model (SGMM) [1] based techniques are used to train acoustic models in four languages: Assamese, Bengali, Hindi and Marathi. Issues relating to limited linguistic resources with their impact on ASR word accuracy for these languages are addressed.


Analytical and numerical modeling is presented for predicting the thermofluid parameters of the cool-down process of an open-to-air vertical tube carrying liquid nitrogen. A two-fluid mathematical model is employed to describe the flowfield. In this model four distinct flow regions were analyzed: 1) fully liquid, 2) inverted annular film boiling, 3) dispersed flow, and 4) fully vapor. These flow regimes were observed in an experimental investigation constructed for validating the mathematical model, and also in previous experiments by other investigators. For the single-phase regions, the one-dimensional form of mass, momentum, and energy equations were used. For the two-phase regions, the volume-averaged, phasic one-dimensional form of conservation equations were applied. The one-dimensional energy equation was formulated to determine the tube wall temperature history. The numerical procedure is based on the semi-implicit, finite-difference technique. The calculations for the inverted annular film boiling were performed implicitly. The computations for the tube wall, fully liquid, and dispersed flow regions were performed explicitly. In each region, the appropriate models for heat transfer and shear stress rates are used. Results and comparisons of the predicted numerical models with the experimental data for several constant inlet flow rates of liquid nitrogen into a vertical, insulated tube are presented. Nomenclature Aw = cross-sectional area of the flow channel, m2 cp = specific heat capacity, J/kg °C Da = area-averaged, population-mean diameter of drops, m ALix = maximum entrainable diameter of drops, m £&ax = maximum stable diameter of drops, m Dsmd = Sauter mean diameter of a droplet population, m Dv = volume averaged, population-mean diameter of drops, m d = diameter of the flow channel, m g = local acceleration of gravity, m/s2 h = enthalpy, J/kg hc = convective heat transfer coefficient, W/m2 °C hnb = heat transfer coefficient for nucleate boiling, W/m2 °C ^,sat = saturation enthalpy of either liquid or vapor, J/kg k = thermal conductivity, W/m °C Lfg = latent heat of vaporization, J/kg m'" = interfacial mass transfer rate, kg/m3s q" = heat flux per unit area, W/m2 q'" = heat transfer rate per unit volume, W/m3 <7evaP - vaporization heat flux, W/m2 #rad = wa ^ to liquid radiation, W/m2 q"% = vapor to drop radiation heat flux, W/m2 q^d = wall to drop radiation heat flux, W/m2 q'^v = wall to vapor radiation heat flux, W/m2 Pi = inner perimeter of tubular flow channel, Pr = Prandtl number, cpiji/kl p = pressure, N/m2 m


Alkaline hydrolysis, with displacement of the methylthio-group, of the alkoxy(methylthio) phosphonium salts(2) and (6) proceeds with retention of configuration at phosphorus.


The economic slow-down of several States in India including Gujarat during the later half of 90s has caused considerable disturbance in the State's fiscal equilibrium. The fiscal deficit has more than doubled during last five years and government's debt has jumped up from 17 percent of GSDP to 26 percent. Although the matters are not as critical as in some other States, it is time for initiating steps to restore the fiscal equilibrium. In this paper, an attempt is made to suggest a medium term strategy to restore the fiscal balance that is also conducive for sustainable economic growth in the State.


We introduce an electric impedance tomography modality without any active current injection. By loading the probe electrodes with a time-varying network of impedances, the proposed technique exploits electrical fields existing in the medium due to biological activity or EM interference from the environment or an implantable device. A phantom validation of the technique is presented.


Aragonite CaCO 3 with complicated morphologies needle-like structrues have been successfully synthesized through dolomite as raw materials by the decomposition of urea. The phase of the aragonite whiskers were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared, the structrue of the samples was characterized by scanning electron microscope and the effects of different ratio of materials were studied. The result show that the concentration of urea was found to have an effect on the morphology of aragonite crystals. All the prepared crystals were almost aragonite and there was no phase under varied experiment conditions.


We study the photometric properties of Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) formed by redshift z = 3 in a set of large cosmological smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations of the A cold dark matter (ACDM) model. Our numerical simulations include radiative cooling and heating with a uniform UV background, star formation, supernova feedback and a phenomenological model for galactic winds. Analysing a series of simulations of varying box size and particle number allows us to isolate the impact of numerical resolution on our results. We compute spectra of simulated galaxies using a population synthesis model, and derive colours and luminosity functions of galaxies at z = 3 after applying local dust extinction and absorption by the intergalactic medium (IGM). We find that the simulated galaxies have U n - G and G - R colours consistent with observations, provided that intervening absorption by the IGM is applied. The observed properties of LBGs, including their number density, colours and luminosity functions, can be explained if LBGs are identified with the most massive galaxies at z = 3, having typical stellar mass of M* ∼ 10 10 h -1 M ○. , a conclusion broadly consistent with earlier studies based on hydrodynamic simulations of the ACDM model. We also find that most simulated LBGs were continuously forming stars at a high rate for more than 1 Gyr up until z = 3, but with numerous starbursts lying on top of the continuous component. Interestingly, our simulations suggest that more than 50 per cent of the total stellar mass and star formation rate in the Universe are accounted for by galaxies that are not detected in the current generation of LBG surveys.


A power system kitchen and lavatory of an aircraft (20) capable of independent operation from one generation system separate aircraft power, the power system kitchen sink (20) comprising: a power source ( 23) it is providing electrical energy, thermal energy and at least one product, where the energy source (23) comprises a fuel cell (24) and a fuel module (26); a kitchen (22) and a sink (50) with a plurality of cooking devices and sink (40, 42, 44, 45, 58) for receiving electrical energy, thermal energy and at least a byproduct; and a plurality of connectors (34, 38, 46, 54) for connecting electrical energy, thermal energy and at least one product to cooking devices and sink (40, 42, 44, 45, 58), where the fuel cell (24) and the fuel module (26) are located within the physical limits of the kitchen (22) or the sink (50) of the aircraft (10).


When designing and manufacturing tanks for the transportation of liquid cargo, it is necessary to take into account the shape of the tank, the level of liquid filling and the natural frequency of splashing of the liquid in the tank, as they are important factors and affect the stability of the movement. Due to the uncertainty of the lateral forces acting in a partially filled tank, the maximum speed of the start of braking, at which the stability of the movement is still ensured, can be taken as the main indicator of the lateral stability of the tank train. When studying the stability of a road train, as a rule, plane-parallel movement of its links is considered. At the same time, it is considered that the normal reactions of the support surface on the starboard and port wheels are the same. Under this condition, stability of movement is considered for a flat model of a road train. However, when the road train is moving with a partially filled tank, the reactions of the support surface on the wheels of the road train links may change significantly. To determine this phenomenon, the equations of the road train were compiled both in plane-parallel motion and in the longitudinal vertical and transverse planes.
The integration of the equations of motion is performed for a road train consisting of a DAF XF95 tractor and a tank semi-trailer filled to 50 % (8000 L) and the same road train with the same rigid load. As a result of the integration of the obtained system of equations, it was established that during braking of a road train with a partially filled tank, due to the movement of liquid in the tank itself, a lateral force arises, which depends on a large number of factors that cannot be determined analytically. This force leads to a change in the normal reactions of the support surface on the wheels of the axles and sides of the road train. At the same time, the reaction on the wheels of both sides of the tractor vehicle increases, and on the wheels of the semi-trailer - decreases. This is explained by the effect of liquid cargo on the walls of the tank. At the same time, it is shown that the generalizing parameter that characterizes the stability of the straight-line movement of a road train with a partially filled tank (50 % of the full volume) in the braking mode should be taken as the initial speed at which the tractor and semi-trailer do not exceed the width of the traffic lane. Based on the selected criterion, the initial braking speeds are obtained, at which the stability of the road train is ensured. These velocities, with a coefficient of adhesion of the wheels to the supporting surface in the range of j = 0.6, were 16.1 and 26.9 m/s for the road train with hard and liquid cargo, respectively. Therefore, it is necessary to provide special devices in the tank structures, in particular internal partitions, which would increase the stability of the road train during the braking process.