The author of the article questions the relationship of young people in Slovenia with lifelong learning in connection with forming own objectives about life. What motivates young people to learn continuously? How do they set priorities? What kind of knowledge do they need to make the right decisions about their learning? How are the needs and motives for lifelong learning in younger adults connected with their values? Her research and thinking finds support in Lendgran's theory of permanent learning, establishes dominant values of young people and seeks connection with their willingness to engage in lifelong learning.


The invention relates to the field of synthesis of medicament intermediates, in particular to a synthetic method of 4-nitro-7-azaindole. A preparation method disclosed by the invention is characterized by comprising the following steps of: I, reacting 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-3-carbosylate serving as a raw material with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid to obtain a compound VII; II, undergoing a nitration reaction to obtain a compound VIII; III, performing decarboxylation under the condition of dilute sulfuric acid to obtain a compound IV; and IV, removing an N-oxide under the action of PCl3 to obtain a compound I. The preparation method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, high yield in each step, easiness for post-treatment, easiness for operating and suitability for industrial mass production.


In spite of some protestations to the contrary, some of the practices that the United States immigration law permits are punitive. They are, moreover, terribly severe. If American citizens were to be treated in the ways in which some noncitizens are treated in the United States, they would be victims of cruel and unusual punishment. The paper seeks to show the implausibility of the euphemistic maneuvers that seek to deny this fact, by appealing to arguments put forth by the United States Supreme Court. In particular, the paper argues that the reasons why the United States Supreme Court considers expatriation to be cruel and unusual punishment apply as well to some instances of deportation.


A mixture of t-butylzinc halide and an aldehyde reacts with conjugated dienes to provide 2-neopentyl homoallyl alcohols in high yields by 1,2-addition. Without the aldehyde, under carbon dioxide atmospheric pressure, the three components of t-butylzinc halide, butadiene, and carbon dioxide combine in a 1 : 1 : 1 ratio to give 2-neopentyl-3-butenoic acid in excellent yield.


In the paper dealing with the uniqueness problem of meromorphic functions we prove five theorems one of which will improve a result given by Lahiri [5] and the remaining will supplement some previous results.


The enzymatic hydrolysis of beef bone protein by protamex and flavorzyme were optimized by orthogonal experiment.Then the hydrolyzed animal protein(HAP) was used to prepare the beef flavors through Maillard reaction.The results showed that the best hydrolysis parameters were enzyme dosage 5000 U/g,substrate-liquid ratio 1:3,temperature 50 ℃,and time 6 h.The time of Maillard reaction without spice was 3 h.The products of Maillard reaction of bone were extracted by SPME and then analyzed by GC-MS.Sixty-eight kinds of volatile compounds were identified.


A display and method of manufacture are described. The display may include a substrate including an array of pixels with each pixel including multiple subpixels, and each subpixel within a pixel is designed for a different color emission spectrum. An array of micro LED device pairs are mounted within each subpixel to provide redundancy. An array of wavelength conversions layers comprising phosphor particles are formed over the array of micro LED device pairs for tunable color emission spectrum.


Abstract Background: We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety between once daily (OD) and twice daily (BD) regime dosing of mesalazine for mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane library, and Web of Science from 1990 to November 2018 were investigated. We searched randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing OD with BD regime dosing of mesalazine for mild-to-moderate UC. The software Review Manager 5.3 was used to pool the risk ratio (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Eight RCTs containing 3495 patients were identified. Regardless of induction of remission or maintenance of remission of UC, OD regime dosing of mesalazine was as effective as BD regime dosing in clinical and endoscopic remission and clinical remission. Also, no obvious difference was found between OD and BD regime dosing of mesalazine regardless of total adverse events, treatment-related adverse events or serious adverse events. Conclusion: OD is as effective and safe as BD regime dosing of mesalazine for active UC.


Nitridoaluminosilicate MAlSiN 3 (M: alkaline-earth element) and its derivatives have attracted more and more attention owing to the fact that the material doped with rare-earth element has intense body color and exhibit efficient luminescence under InGaN diode irradiation. In particular, red phosphor, Eu-doped CaAlSiN 3 (CASN), has good thermal property of luminescence and sufficient chemical durability for white LED use. Still, for the lineup of various kinds of white color, it is hoped to tune the red luminescence with other physical/chemical properties kept as possible. Thus the derivatives with different chemical compositions have been intensively explored so far. For the feasibility of such chemical composition change, it is necessary to understand its atomic/electronic structure of the unique crystal, which is a distorted AlN-based wurtzite superstructure (Cmc21, No.36) with Al and Si disordered on 8b site and Ca occupying 4a site. Recently, we have performed first-principles band calculation of CASN and clarified the origin of the Al/Si disorder configuration as well as the feasibility of the virtual crystal approximation of heterovalent cations (Al/Si) for the reproducibility of atomic/electronic structure of CASN.[1] As a natural extension of this study, we have investigated some CASN-derivatives to confirm/predict the crystal structure. The VCA allows us to model the superstructure with various chemical compositions quite easily. In this work, we will present two examples of solid-solution, (Ca,Sr)AlSiN 3 and CaAlSiN 3 -Si 2 N 2 O. The agreement between experiment and theory appears quite satisfactory. It is emphasized that the crystal structure of SrAlSiN 3 has been successfully predicted by first-principles calculation prior to experimental result. The collaboration of experiment and theory promises us 'gcrystal-engineering' to develop new nitrides/oxynitrides effectively and efficiently.


The environmental friendly inhibitor system arginine-Zn 2+ , has been investigated by weight-loss method. A synergistic effect exists between arginine and Zn 2+ system. The formulation consisting of 250 ppm of arginine and 5 ppm of Zn 2+ offers good inhibition efficiency of 98 %. Polarization study reveals that this formulation functions as an anodic inhibitor. AC impedance spectra reveal that a protective film is formed on the metal surface. The FTIR spectral study leads to the conclusion that the Fe 2+ - DL-arginine complex, formed on anodic sites of the metal surface, controls  th e anodic reaction. Zn(OH) 2 formed on the cathodic sites of the metal surface controls the cathodic reaction. The surface morphology and the roughness of the metal surface were analyzed with Atomic Force Microscope. A suitable mechanism of corrosion inhibition is proposed based on the results obtained from weight loss study and surface analysis technique.


We live in a time of powerful forces that operate to isolate us—to disconnect us from each other, from women who struggled against injustice and oppression in the past and those who are still engaged in the very same struggles. Powerful disputations disconnect us from feminist women who are resisting power structures around us, and from women who took part in feminist endeavors over the years. Our separate struggles for success in careers, intimate relationships and inner growth, and for our own economic survival, often expose us to individualist ideologies and practices that help us forget the enormous amount of human effort invested in our current understanding of women's lives. Hannah Safran's book, Don't Wanna Be Nice Girls: The Struggle for Suffrage and the New Feminism in Israel, is an attempt to challenge these forces and connect us to significant feminist projects that took place in Israel— projects that we didn't know of, or knew of but have forgotten. This sense of connection to Israeli feminists in the 1920s and 1970s generates an exciting journey of encounter with their courage and persistence, but at the same time a terribly sad one. Safran's account of the complex feminist struggle to enhance the legitimacy of the movement and its cause in the wider society is both optimistic and pessimistic: Wonderful women devoted the best of their resources to improving Israeli society, yet so very little was achieved. In many ways, things are now worse. Even more devastating is the issue of relationships among feminist women, which are portrayed in this historical account as vicious Women in Israel, who shared the goal of improving women's lives, had great difficulties cooperating


Based on CSSCI data base,relevant literature involving strategic human resources field during 2000 to 2014 is selected as samples,reviewed,induced and analyzed in terms of source journals,published time,key words,paper types,theoretical foundation and research methods. The results show that the research on related issues concerning China strategic human resources still has a large room for improvement in terms of results number,theoretical research and research method choice,etc. Accordingly,the future development direction of China strategic human resources management research is proposed in this paper.


Although wildlife production is widely considered beneficial for semi-arid environments, few studies have reported on the long-term environmental effects of converting from livestock production to game ranching. Asante Sana Game Reserve in the Eastern Cape has centuries old land use history, during which it was cultivated and heavily overgrazed by domestic livestock with associated loss in vegetation productivity and subsequent soil erosion. After 1996 game ranching was adopted in the reserve, with observed positive results on vegetation productivity. This thesis investigates the long-term (1987-2017) spatial and temporal change in vegetation in the reserve. It documents the change in vegetation types and cover using Landsat Top of Atmosphere (TOA) reflectance multispectral data and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI). Correlative relationships between vegetation cover and different drivers (e.g. rainfall, fire and stocking density) are explored using generalized linear mixed models and the implications of the findings for reserve management are discussed. The results show that the relative area of Thicket has increased over time at the expense of Grassland and Shrubland while Bareground has expanded into Shrubland and Thicket. A ground-truthing exercise revealed a significant (p<0.01, R = 0.6) positive relationship between the vegetation cover estimated on the ground and satellite derived SAVI values, suggesting that SAVI can be used as a proxy for vegetation cover. Overall vegetation productivity increased over time, with the greatest increases in Thicket and Cultivated land and the lowest in Shrubland and Bare-ground. Grassland and Riverine thicket experienced surprisingly small increases in productivity, which can be explained by high prevalence of grazing ungulates and elephants in areas of Grassland and Riverine thicket respectively. Rainfall, burning and stocking numbers all had an effect on productivity in the reserve. Rainfall had clearly the strongest influence, supporting the non-equilibrium theory for semi-arid rangelands. The management can undertake restoration actions such as tree thinning, erosion control and prevention as well as fencing off affected Grassland and Riverine thicket. A long-term ecological monitoring programme should be established for the reserve for improved understanding of the vegetation dynamics so that effective evidencebased management decisions can be undertaken.


 July 21, 2011 at Valley Elementary Middle School started at 5:05 P.M. and ended at 6:13 P.M. – Regarding Professional Furlough, Vice Principal Candidates with the following persons present: Anthony Bonomo, Dr. Robert Childs (Arrived at 5:22 P.M.), Brian Earley, Steve Hahn, Clarence John, Robert Mehalick, Paulette Platukis, Carmella Yenkevich, Dr. Francis X. Antonelli, Anthony Ryba and Robert Krizansky


An experienced student teacher supervisor offers 15 easy-to-implement tips for new and student teachers that will enhance their teaching abilities and overall professionalism. Many of the recommendations involve classroom management, instructional improvements, and proper ways for communicating with superiors. http://bit.ly/WalkTipsforTchrs


The browser has become the de facto platform for everyday computation and a popular target for attackers of computer systems. Among the many potential attacks that target or exploit browsers, vulnerabilities in browser extensions have received relatively little attention. Currently, extensions are vetted by manual inspection, which is time consuming and subject to human error. In this paper, we present VEX, a framework for applying static information flow analysis to JavaScript code to identify security vulnerabilities in browser extensions. We describe several patterns of flows that can lead to privilege escalations in Firefox extensions. VEX analyzes Firefox extensions for such flow patterns using high-precision, context-sensitive, flow-sensitive static analysis. We subject 2460 browser extensions to the analysis, and VEX finds 5 of the 18 previously known vulnerabilities and 7 previously unknown vulnerabilities.


Owing to its natural monopoly feature, traditional electricity industry has been controlled by the government, while the electricity utility serving as a monopolist, must shoulder certain universal service obligation. With the advent of deregulation, the competition in electricity retailing has broken monopoly and achieved efficiency, but at the same time it has had unfavourable effects on the realization of universal service obligation of electricity and it may lead to the rise of control cost. After making theoretical proof on the above issues, the paper offers policy suggestions according to the real situation in China so as to provide some reference to the current electricity retailing reform in China.


Title BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF PURE NATURAL CHOLECYSTOKININ AND ITS SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE FRAGMENTS : COMPARISON AMONG THE PEPTIDE-INDUCED EXOCRINE SECRETIONS IN ISOLATED PERFUSED RAT PANCREATA Author(s) SHIBUYA, Izumi Citation Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research, 29(1-2), 32-32 Issue Date 1981-07-01 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/2226 Type bulletin (article) File Information KJ00003407960.pdf


Objective:To explore the status of Hypertension and and the relation with Hyperlipemia,Diabetes and overweight/obesity in the village residence living in Beijing suburb mountain area,in order to provide the scientific basis for chronic disease community control and health education.Methods:Seventy six residents who had meals at home.The participants were investigated using questionnaire survey,physical examination and clinical examination.Results:The proportion of hypertension was 63.2% in all participants(48 in 76).The awareness,treatment and control rates of hypertension were 83.3%,60.4%,and 37.5% respectively.They were 40,29 and 18 participants.Among hypertensive patients,there were 10 patients who had normal weight(20.83 %).The overweight and obesity rates were 22.92 % (11 patients) and 56.25 % (27 patients) respectively.There were 3 hypertensives with diabetes (6.25%),16 hypertensives with hyperlipidemia(33.33%),4 hypertensives with diabetes and hyperlipidemia (8.33 %),and 15 hypertensives with the blood glucose and lipids at the edge of clinical examination(31.25 %).Conclusion:The community is located in the suburb mountain area,the transportation is inconvenient relatively,residents'cultural,health knowledge and awarenes are more backward.The prevalence of hypertension can not be ignored,and must improve the treatment and control of the rates of hypertension;Hypertension more combine with overweight / obesity,diabetes,hyperlipemia and so on.Therefore,we should focus on hypertension and related diseases,high-risk groups,and lifestyle interventions and strengthen of education,to enhance the treatment compliance and the rate of control disease.


This paper deals with the implementation of a magnetic circuit which describes synchronous reluctance rotors, with the aim of quickly analyzing rotor geometries with a large number of flux barriers. The analytical model is based on a linear magnetic circuit. The stator winding is modeled as set of magnetomotive force generators distributed around the air-gap. The rotor flux barriers and the air-gap are represented by magnetic reluctances whose values derive from the rotor geometry, that is the barrier length and width, barrier angles and air-gap thickness. Each flux barrier introduces a well-defined number of magnetic reluctances in the magnetic circuit. Moreover, the magnetic circuit of a rotor with n flux barriers can be obtained starting from the magnetic circuit of a rotor with n − 1 flux barriers. Therefore, a scalable process can be implemented to easily obtain the magnetic circuit of a rotor with a wide number of flux barriers. The use of Additive Manufacturing techniques to produce magnetic cores allows a huge freedom in the realization of complex geometries than traditional manufacturing processes. For this reason, the model proposed in this paper has been developed to easily analyze and compute the performance of a multi-barrier synchronous rotor. Finally, the proposed model has been tested on an actual prototype, a reluctance rotor with five flux barriers per pole.


Object The purpose of this study is to establish a method of extracting compounded amino acid from peanut cake.Method The peanut cake was hydrolyzed by hydrochloric acid. After deacidification and decoloration, the hydrolysate was treated with 732 canon exchange resin the compounded amino acid can be obtained.Results This method can be used to extract compounded amino acid containing 13 kinds of amino acid such as leucine, argining, threonine, valine, methionine, glycine, islliueine, tyrosine, histidine, lysine, tryptophan, cystine, pheylanine from peanut cake.Conclusion The yield is higher, the method is simple and can be used widely.


INTRODUCTION Since excavations at Elands Bay Cave thirty years ago, a small number of nearby sites were excavated in the late 1970s and early 1980s in order to provide complementary observations to those made from this large shelter (Horwitz 1979; Klein & Cruz-Uribe 1987; Manhire 1987; Noli 1988; Parkington & Poggenpoel 1987; Robey 1987). In the midst of these studies, Parkington et al. (1986) explored the nature of the impact of pastoralism on local hunter-gatherer populations by attempting to integrate various lines of evidence, a topic revived later with a rock art perspective and additional quantified data by Yates et al. (1994). A synthesis of the local cultural sequence was proposed by Parkington et al. (1988), in which various issues requiring further research were also highlighted. Some of these issues were taken up by further studies focusing on sites located to the north (Lamberts Bay) and south of Elands Bay and by refining the chronology of already excavated sites (Wahl 1994; Jerardino 1995a, 1996, 1998; Jerardino & Yates 1996, 1997; Jerardino et al., in press). While much of the published observations of this latter research have helped to reconstruct and re-model the local cultural sequence between 8000 and 2000 BP, the same measure of understanding is not yet available for the pottery period (last 2000 years). Instead, separate and sitespecific observations remain either unpublished or not fully integrated into one cultural sequence (Horwitz 1979; Klein & Cruz-Uribe 1987; Robey 1987; Noli 1988; Wahl 1994; Jerardino 1998). Moreover, emphasis on the analysis of spatial patterns and ceramic stylistic changes at Dunefield Midden has, unwittingly, channelled research efforts away from establishing a cultural sequence for the pottery period (Parkington et al. 1992; Kent 1998; Orton 2002; Stewart 2006). Clearly, quantified data pertaining to the last two millennia in the study area are in need of being updated and synthesized. Although this is a task beyond the purpose of this paper, a productive approach for now is to build a good empirical basis for the pottery period. Consequently, the purpose of this paper is to report on the findings at 'Grootrif G' (GFG), a site with late-pottery period occupation in the Lamberts Bay area, and to discuss these in the light of available contemporary observations. Excavations were initially undertaken at GFG with the aim of rescuing material eroding from exposed sections. In later years it also became evident that excavations at GFG could also increase the number of observations for the pottery period in the northern-most part of the study area, as what is known about the pottery period has been derived almost entirely from sites located to the south around Elands Bay.


Policy of Rural Area is playing an important role in helping to meet the economic, social and environmental challenges. The actions supported available are concentrated on promoting sustainable growth, competitiveness and employment. It is necessary to create more and better jobs for participation more people into employment or entrepreneurial activity so as not to leave rural areas. Eco - farmers in LFA are very important part of sustainable development of rural areas. Important position of institutions in both the central and local, they are able to manage these processes.


The exchange of fine natural particles between the surface and pore waters of a sand-bed stream has been investigated in a laboratory flume. At the beginning of each experiment, kaolinite clay is added to the recirculating surface water flowing over a sand bed with dunes. Transport of clay into the bed is then determined by measuring the decrease of clay concentration in the surface water with time. Two conclusions can be drawn from the experiments done to date. First, although the kaolinite particles are too small to settle appreciably in the surface flow, they can be trapped to a great extent in the bed. Second, the trapped clay can be released when the surface water no longer has a high clay concentration.


Over the past decade, previous research has reported that most social workers come from dysfunctional families of origin and propose that such family of origin experiences may affect the mental health and professional abilities of social workers. This qualitative study was designed to explore how social workers make sense of the link between their family of origin experience and their social work practice. Purposive sampling was used to recruit four social workers that had completed (at least) a BSW degree. Each participated in semistructured, personal interviews, lasting approximately ninety minutes. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and returned to participants for editing and clarification. Narrative and phenomenologicai research methods were used to gain a deeper understanding of the contextualised experiences offered by the social work participants. Implications for social work education, social work practice, and professional responsibility are examined. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ii Table of


A major cause of supply chain deficiencies is the bullwhip effect. This effect refers to the tendency of the variance of the replenishment orders to increase as one moves up a supply chain. Supply chain managers experience this variance amplification in both inventory levels and replenishment orders. As a result, companies face shortages or bloated inventories, run-away transportation and warehousing costs and major production adjustment costs. In this article we analyze a major cause of the bullwhip effect and suggest a remedy. We focus on a unique replenishment rule that is able to reduce the bullwhip effect. In general, bullwhip reduction may have a negative impact on customer service due to inventory variance increases. Our analysis shows that bullwhip can be satisfactorily managed without unduly increasing stock levels to maintain target fill rates.


Formative time-lags of spark breakdown have been measured for air in uniform fields with static applied voltages up to 63 kV; and the very long time lags (greater than 10-4 s) predicted by theory for such conditions have been recorded. Time-lag data have also been obtained for air in uniform fields with impulse spark voltages up to 150 kV for standard impulse waveforms, and also for lower voltages with non-standard impulse waveforms. For the latter condition the data indicate an impulse ratio of the order of 1.01. Comparative data for sphere gaps are included.


In this paper a new metal-mountable RFID tag antenna with the highest read-range-to-volume ratio of all commercially available tags is described. The antenna is designed for an Alien H3 chip and represents a small printed loop antenna (37×7×3.2 mm3) with matching elements integrated into its structure. Two embodiments for monoband and dual band applications described in the paper show a read range of 5 m and 2 m respectively.


We describe shock-tunnel-based experiments carried out to evaluate a magnetohydrodynamic electrical power generator equipped with a convexly divergent supersonic channel. Two-dimensional structure of the streaming MHD plasma and the temporal behaviour of electron temperature are examined. The spatial profile of MHD power-generating plasma and the energy-conversion efficiency in the convexly divergent channel are compared with those from a linearly divergent channel. For an understanding of the basic scaling of the channel geometry modification effect, a convexity parameter is proposed. With this simple and fundamental scaling parameter, the dependence of plasma–fluid properties and energy-conversion efficiency on the channel convexity is quantitatively examined. The quality of MHD plasma and the generator performance are improved at the convexity parameter of 0.35 (a slight enhancement of the channel convexity) rather than at the convexity parameter of zero (no convexity or concavity). This paper is the first part of a duology.


Traditional Design for Assembly methods are limited to part sizes between a few mUlimeters to a few tens of centimeters in overall size and to part weights under a few kilograms. Parts in the range of a meter in overall size and weighing a few tens of kilograms are examined in this paper. An experimental plan separates weight mass and inertia and correlates these properties with assembly difficulty and time. When windage, part flexibility and operator fatigue are absent, a set of three parameters serve to model these effects on human assembly performance. Adaptation of this result is made to extend a Design for Assembly methodology. Word Count: 4448 University Libraries Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 152i3-389G


A fully-printed biplanar design of a volumetric negative-refractive-index transmission-line (NRI-TL) metamaterial is presented. The proposed structure employs dual-arm spiral inductors providing stronger loading inductance and leading to better matching to free space, while still possessing a small electrical length of one-eighteenth of the operating free-space wavelength.


Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is a first choice for acquiring samples from a pancreatic lesion [1]. However, due to the heterogeneity of the tumor, inaccurate localization of the positive puncture site will lead to a missed diagnosis The combination of contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasound and EUS-FNA can help to avoid puncture in necrotic areas, thus improving the diagnostic rate [2]. Unfortunately, the naked eye is not reliable for identifying and differentiating the targeted puncture sites suggested by contrast-enhanced harmonic EUS. Therefore, we developed a novel system based on deep convolutional neural networks and random forest algorithms in order to identify and track the pancreatic masses dynamically in real time via describing time–intensity curve characteristics of each area of the pancreas, identifying points of interest, and guiding EUS-FNA. A 55-year-old man was admitted to our department because of abdominal pain for 4 months. Computed tomography (CT) showed a lesion 8.3×6.3 cm in the pancreatic body and tail (▶Fig. 1). The patient decided to undergo EUS-FNA with the guidance of the novel system (▶Video 1). EUS confirmed a lesion 6.5 cm in diameter in the pancreatic body and tail (▶Fig. 2). The optimal insertion region was determined with the guidance of the system. A targeted puncture was performed in the malignant area based on diagnosis via artificial intelligence (AI) (▶Fig. 3). Adequate tissue specimens were acquired after one pass with a 22G needle. The cytological examination found tumor cells (▶Fig. 4). No adverse event and complications were observed during or after the procedure. The patient underwent surgery, and postoperative pathology suggested pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Chemotherapy was then confirmed. The novel AI system is a valuable option for improving the diagnostic accuracy of EUS-FNA that can distinguish the malignant, benign, and necrotic regions in a lesion and guide the puncture.


Aims : Two‐hundred and four accessible cases of malignant melanoma from the Grampian region of Scotland, collected over a period of 4 years, were studied for standard prognostic indicators for comparison with microvessel density.


Experimental animals are animals that are developed so that they can be used as model animals in an experiment for the development of various fields of science, especially in the field of medical science. Aging is the accumulation of various changes that occur in cells and tissues that along with increasing age, pose a risk of disease and death. One of the signs of aging is weight gain. Aging can occur more quickly, this is due to various factors. One of them is the free radical factor. Administration of d-galactose can induce generalized aging of various organ systems. Administration of d-galactose for 6 weeks in a row causes an increase in galactose in the body. Giving d-galactose to mice will cause oxidative stress that will cause aging. So that the increase in body weight of mice as a sign of aging needs to be studied. The study was conducted in the pharmacology laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, University of North Sumatra with a total sample of 6 female mice with an average body weight of 20-35 grams. Mice were injected with d-galactoa as much as 150 mg/kgBW once every day for 6 weeks. Mice were weighed weekly for 6 weeks. The results of the study mice experienced a significant increase in body weight p value <0.005. This happened because the continuous administration of d-galactose resulted in the accumulation of galactose in the tissue of female mice.


The impact of an unanticipated monetary shock in a small open economy with dollarization, factor price rigidities, and nontradeables is re-examined in an optimizing intertemporal general equilibrium model.The framework of an earlier study is extended to incorporate foreign real money balances into the representative agent's utility function and to account for the phenomenon of dollarization so characteristic of transition economies.The major finding is that in the event of small monetary shocks, the presence of dollarization does not alter the outcome that relates the sign of response of consumption, current account balance, and other macroeconomic variables to the difference between intertemporal and intratemporal elasticities of substitutions of the total consumption index.The solution also shows that the elasticity of intertemporal substitution of money services and the share of traded goods in total consumption - a proxy for openness of the economy - are the crucial parameters in determining the response and the possibility of overshooting of the model variables, with economic openness playing a stabilizing role for the economy in the event of monetary shocks. Key words: New open-economy macroeconomics, Monetary shocks, Dollarization, Factor price rigidities, Nontradeables, Current Account


Objective To study the interaction between autonomic nervous activity and thyroid hormones in the control of heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP). Design and methods Thyrotoxicosis was produced by injections of L-thyroxine (0.5 mg/kg/day for five days). Blockers were atropine (0.5 mg/kg), atenolol (1 mg/kg) or prazosin (1 mg/kg). Eight animals were studied in each group. Spectral analyses was performed using continuous BP time series obtained in conscious rats. Results Thyroxine treatment was sufficient to induce a significant degree of tachycardia (423 ± 6 vs 353 ± 4 bpm, P < 0.001, unpaired Student's t test), systolic BP elevation (142 ± 3 vs 127 ± 2 mmHg, P < 0.001) and cardiac hypertrophy (1.165 ± 0.017 vs 1.006 ± 0.012 g, P < 0.001). The intrinsic HR was markedly increased after treatment with thyroxine (497 ± 16 vs 373 ± 10 bpm, P < 0.05). Vagal tone was positively linearly related to intrinsic HR (r = 0.84, P < 0.01). Atenolol neither modified HR nor BP variability in rats with hyperthyroidism. The thyrotoxicosis was associated with a reduction of the 0.4 Hz component of BP variability (modulus 1.10 ± 0.07 vs 1.41 ± 0.06 mmHg, P < 0.01). Prazosin was without effect on this 0.4 Hz component in hyperthyroid animals. Conclusions These data show a functional diminution of the vascular and cardiac sympathetic tone in early experimental hyperthyroidism. The marked rise in the intrinsic HR could be the main determinant of tachycardia. The BP elevation may reflexly induce vagal activation and sympathetic (vascular and cardiac) inhibition.


Header compression and multiplexing in LISP draft-saldana-lisp-compress-mux-00 Abstract When small payloads are transmitted through a packet-switched network, the resulting overhead may result significant. This is stressed in the case of LISP, where a number of headers are prepended to a packet, as new headers have to be added to each packet. This document proposes to send together a number of small packets, which are in the buffer of a ITR, having the same ETR as destination, into a single packet. Therefore, they will share a single LISP header, and therefore bandwidth savings can be obtained, and a reduction in the overall number of packets sent to the network can be achieved. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document.


Medieval Passion Plays appear to be no less violent than the flagellation and crucifixion scenes in Mel Gibson's film The Passion of the Christ. They were performed with what to today's eyes appears to be, in the context of its presentation in a religious play, chillingly intense and explicit violence. This suspicion is supported by surviving descriptions of performances of medieval Passion Plays in London and Metz, in each of which the actor playing Jesus in the crucifixion scene was fatally injured by the thrust of Longinus' spear or nearly died of heart failure. The expansion of what in the Bible amounts to only brief description, and its formulation in terms of drama, suggest deliberate use of the torture scenario in different Passion Plays. However, a question arises concerning the way in which the scenes of violence were able to find a place in religious plays used by ecclesiastical and municipal sponsors to propagate and affirm the dominant Christian view of the world. According to a common school of thought, the plays realistically represented, through gestural and dramatic elaboration, what the liturgy celebrated in a symbolic ceremony. In this way the plays visually communicated religious instruction to onlookers who did not know any Latin. But how can the torture scenes – on which many Passion Plays linger so long – be reconciled with the purpose of depicting the story of salvation?


The Point-of-care (POC) service provided by remote medical monitoring system is an effective approach to upgrade healthcare. A Body Area Network(BAN) consists of various sensors attached to the human body. The BAN enables good remote health monitoring when it is used for information collection and POC. It accordingly adds new values to the home network. With the aid of the BAN, a home network can effectively collect monitoring information in time for the remote medical monitoring system. Moreover, it can further detect symptoms of a person by pre-reading collected information, and directly notify his family of the symptoms for prompt treatment.


The results of treatment in cancer of the cervix vary widely around the world. Many reasons have been suggested to explain the discrepancies, including errors in staging and "personalization" of treatment. Unfortunately, it has not been possible to make useful comparisons between different centres. This has been partly due to inadequate methods of describing dosimetry patterns in the pelvis. Prescribed doses are often close to the limits of tolerance.


The copper coordination compound Cu(phen)Cl2 was prepared by the reaction of 1,10-phenanthroline with cupric chloride in the mixed solution of methanol and ethanol and was characterized by infrared spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analysis,and temperature-programmed reduction.Their catalytic performance for the oxidative carbonylation of methanol to dimethyl carbonate(DMC) was investigated.The results showed that Cu(phen)Cl2 had the high thermal stability and exhibited the high catalytic performance due to the effect of the σ-π coordination bond between phen and Cu(Ⅱ).The turnover number(TON) could reach 51.5 mol of DMC per mol of Cu,under the conditions of reaction temperature 150 ℃,total pressure 4.0 MPa,p(CO)/p(O2) = 19(below the explosion limit of CO) and the catalyst concentration in methanol 0.011 mol/L.It was also found that there was an induction period at the early reaction stage,and the change of TON was the "M" type with the increase of temperature.Further,a novel reaction mechanism was suggested.


In vitro anti-allergic screening of medicinal herbal extracts revealed that the chloroform extract of the rhizoma of Kadsura coccinea inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and recombinant mouse interferon-y (IFN-y) activated murine macrophage like cell line, RAW264.7. Further fractionation of the chloroform extract led to the isolation of two new lignans kadsuralignans D (1) and E (2) with other two known dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans kadsulignan N (3) and neokadsuranin (4).


By controlling processing parameters such as the average fluence, number of laser pulses and beam polarization direction, different types of multiscale surface textures were produced on Ti-6Al-4V surfaces by ultrafast laser processing. The samples were textured in ambient atmosphere using an Yb: KYW chirped-pulse-regenerative amplification laser with a wavelength of 1030 nm and pulse duration of 500 fs. The wetting of simulated biological fluids as well as the human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) behavior were assessed. Three types of textured surfaces were tested, consisting of: (i) Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures-LIPSS; (ii) nanopillars-like structures; and (iii) LIPSS overlapped to microcolumns. The laser textured surfaces present hydrophilic behavior and high affinity for HBSS (Hank's balanced salt solution). Cell spreading and adhesion strength is reduced by the laser nanotextures as compared to a polished control surface. Cytoskeleton stretching and stress fibers were clearly observed on LIPSS while significant filopodia formation was verified on nanopillars. There was no cell proliferation on the laser nanotextured surfaces. Ultrafast laser texturing of Ti-6Al-4V surfaces is an efficient technique for increasing surface wettability, and is potentially useful as a technique to control the behavior of hMSCs by changing the cytoskeleton shape, FAPs distribution and area, and proliferation.By controlling processing parameters such as the average fluence, number of laser pulses and beam polarization direction, different types of multiscale surface textures were produced on Ti-6Al-4V surfaces by ultrafast laser processing. The samples were textured in ambient atmosphere using an Yb: KYW chirped-pulse-regenerative amplification laser with a wavelength of 1030 nm and pulse duration of 500 fs. The wetting of simulated biological fluids as well as the human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) behavior were assessed. Three types of textured surfaces were tested, consisting of: (i) Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures-LIPSS; (ii) nanopillars-like structures; and (iii) LIPSS overlapped to microcolumns. The laser textured surfaces present hydrophilic behavior and high affinity for HBSS (Hank's balanced salt solution). Cell spreading and adhesion strength is reduced by the laser nanotextures as compared to a polished control surface. Cytoskeleton stretching and stress fibers were clearly observed on L...


This paper studies the implications of a societal aversion to inequality for the optimal design of a public health care system. Inequality aversion is introduced by postulating a strictly concave ex post social welfare function. Illnesses are characterized by three factors: the agent's health with treatment, the agent's health without treatment, and the cost of treatment. It is shown that the optimal public health care system allocates health care differently than would private health insurance; speci?cally, people who are relatively unhealthy with and without treatment receive more health care, and people who are relatively healthy with and without treatment receive less health care. The aggregate quantity of health care under the optimal public health care system might be either greater or less than under private health care insurance. If the public health care system is optimally designed, allowing agents to purchase supplementary private health care insurance cannot raise social welfare and is likely to decrease it.


The article talks about some experiences of computer english teaching in high professional education and gives some advices on the building of teaching materials of computer English.


In this paper the model and the analysis on performance of high speed fiber data bus is given. The system includes the model of signal, fiber and components. The performance parameter, such as such as the utilization factor of the data bus, the data bus response time, the receiver ber and the end to end delay, is analyzed.


This thesis evaluates how regulation on capital requirements is associated with cost and profit efficiency of banks. It allows an international comparison on banking regulation, capturing changes on public policies towards banks over time further, it encompasses one of the major financial crises since 1929. The impact of regulatory capital requirements on banking efficiency is assessed using the stochastic frontier production function for panel data to estimate inefficiency effects. It is used a panel dataset of 865 observations from 156 publicly listed commercial banks operating in 30 countries and covering a nine year time-horizon (2004-2012). Besides the impact on capital regulation, we also controlled for the influence of other regulatory variables, macroeconomic conditions, market structure characteristics and the state of financial development. Our results suggest that capital requirements negatively affect inefficiency, meaning that, for our sample, an increase on regulatory equity ratios will lead to an efficiency improvement. Regarding other regulatory control variables, we would say that regulation should aim to increase market discipline, while restricting banks activities. The power of supervisory agencies seems to negatively impact banks' efficiency, but in in stressful conditions, it may help banks being more cost efficient. JEL classification: G21, G28, D24, C23, C24


This essay argues that As for Me and My House is very much in need of ecocritical approaches that resist the kinds of cultural marginalization that have long been a part of the Canadian experience. The essay offers a fresh approach to Ross's extensively analyzed novel, beginning with comments about the under-representedness of Canadian regional literature in the burgeoning field of ecocriticism (a field itself robustly American) and then developing a case that the distinctively Canadian context and traditions to which this slightly queer novel responds require a criticism that both differs from the American nature-celebration mode often associated with ecocriticism and addresses the novel's complex representations of social responses to sexuality and to the natural environment. Such an approach reveals that the unpredictability of the land on the one hand and the compulsions of Philip on the other share a kind of theoretical alliance; an ecocritical approach allows us to hear the silenced voices of the land and of Philip, while affirming the importance of continued readings of this very central morsel of Canadian literature.


ABSTRACT This paper investigated the extent to which educational levels in the nineteenth century have shaped present-day norms, which influence the perceptions of present-day individuals, such as individuals' perceived inequality, preference for redistribution, and progressive taxation. Cross-country, individual-level data were used to examine historical educational level and present-day perceptions of social and political issues. After controlling for various country-level and individual characteristics, the major findings were as follows: people in countries with higher educational levels in 1870 are less likely to support redistribution policies and progressive taxation. Moreover, people in countries with higher educational levels in 1870 are more likely to consider income inequality to be smaller.


notices at the same time that there is a stiffness or a curyat4rq of th,spine, he i~apt to conclude that the tumour is an abscess. Ideed, tha,$.error had been committed in this verycawe. thle swelling, be incised in mistake for abscess, however, t1w result Might be disastrous. Lumbar hernia is rarely met, wit)i, at any rate. i, such a definite form as that in the case just recorded, ai4 T ,pprphend that an opperation undertakeni for the cure of -a re4ucible lumbar hernia is quite an exceptional proce(dure; at any rate, I can find no reference to a similar case,


This study was conducted to identify the social perception of schizophrenic patients through films expressed in schizophrenic patients. We analyzed 48 films and scenarios that have been screened for the last 40 years by content analysis method to perceive interpersonal and emotional perception, perception of families and treatment measures. Patients were violent, dangerous, and burdensome to the family. However, specific experience or internal description has increased, and attitude of family or patients related to treatment has been more actively described since 1996. In conclusion, the perception of patients seen negative, want to avoid, giving burdens and pain to others. Therefore, to improve the social perception of mental disorders, it is necessary to make active use of films that have a high impact on public perception, and try to study the influence of visual media on perception change.


In order to deal with the problems that the confusion of the logic execute order in practical control caused by some common configuration recognition methods,a new method for control configuration recognition based on double-stack was proposed.The manage approach for single input and output,multi inputs and outputs,empty input and output,multi control loop tanks were analyzed from the connection relationships between the function model's inputs or outputs.For the function models that would be called for many times in a cycle,intermediate variables were used to resolve the problem of the repeat calling operation.After determining the logic execute order of the configuration recognition,the characteristics of the stack were used to analyze the input and output process of the model data,which was accord with the running trend of the configuration data.At last,the method was proved by the control strategies in the computer assist special system(CASS),the corresponding configuration IL instructions was generated after the successful compiling,then the configuration algorithm packages used in the devices were generated through the auto-generation mechanism.The results show that the executable configuration instruction which is generated by the control strategy after the compilation of the platform is conform to the order analyzed by the identification method,which demonstrates the feasibility of the method.


An analysis is proposed within the framework of LFG of sentences in German in which the correlative pronoun es occurs in conjunction with a CP. The pattern of occurrence of es in the middle eld, which diiers according to syntactic construction and type of the embedding verb, is derived from independently motivated LFG principles, in particular those concerning the mapping from a-structure to f-structure, together with the additional assumption that German has not only a thematic es, but also a subcategorized non-thematic es. The resulting empirical coverage is broader than that of previous approaches.


Introduction Recently, due to significant advances in high-throughput technologies, a wider set of the human metabolome a thus far largely unexplored source of bioinformation is now accessible [1]. Metabolite profiling technologies comprise a range of advanced analytical and data processing tools, with the objective of utilizing potential markers as a result of comparison of small molecule components of biological systems. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), for example, detects hundreds of metabolites simultaneously from micro liter quantities of biological samples, such as whole blood, serum, plasma, urine or other body fluids from minute amounts, with high precision and sensitivity [2,3]. Relative quantification is achieved by reference to a wide range of appropriate internal standards. Quality assured data, generated by modern LIMS-controlled technology platforms comprising automated sample preparation, mass spectrometer based analytics and technical validation [4], is rapidly becoming too voluminous to catalogue and interpret by hand, so that cutting-edge data mining tools are needed to identify novel and highly relevant information on pre-processed sample data [5-7]. However, the identification of biologically meaningful biomarkers is challenged by the deficiency of apriori knowledge related to the biomolecular nature of the disease as well as the biological variability of data. Advanced data mining and bioinformatics techniques are applied to increasingly comprehensive and complex MS data sets, with the objective to identify and verify robust and generalizable markers that are biochemically interpretable and biologically relevant in the context of the disease. Ultimately, validated and qualified predictive models can be used for disease screening and therapeutic monitoring [7,8]. Methods and Results Additionally to descriptive and test statistics, data mining techniques primarily include for the analysis of mass-spectrometric data feature subset selection methods (PCA, filters, wrappers), classification methods such as logistic regression analysis, support vector machines or neural networks, genetic programming, and cluster analysis. Instances of metabolic data derived from biological samples are represented as a numerical vector in a multi-dimensional space. Here, dimensions or features reflect a vector of analytes with calculated concentrations that relate to pre-defined and pre-annotated metabolites. As principal data mining tasks in biomarker discovery are "supervised", data vectors are defined by a set of tuples TDB = {(cj, m) | cj∈ C, m ∈ M}, where cj is the class label of the collection C of pre-classified cohorts (diseased, various stages of disease, treated, normal), and M = {m | m1, ... , mn} is the given set of metabolite concentrations. Success of data mining is affected by factors such as noise, redundancy, relevance or reliability inherent in the experimental data. Feature selection, an important data mining task for biomarker discovery, focuses on the process of identifying and removing as much of irrelevant or redundant information as possible and is used as pre-processing step before classification and biochemical interpretation. BMI the biomarker identifier, an algorithm recently described by [8] makes use of a two-step data processing procedure to discern the discriminatory attributes between two classes of interest (e.g. diseased vs. normal). In seven inborn errors of metabolism, i.e. phenylketonuria (PKU), glutaric acidemia, Type I (GA-I), 3-methylcrotonylglycinemia deficiency (3-MCCD), methlymalonic acidemia (MMA), propionic acidemia (PA), medium-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD), and 3-OH long-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHADD), BMI identified all key metabolites and prioritized them according to the current biochemical knowledge on disease metabolism, so that the algorithm is suitable for identifying and prioritizing selected metabolites in single pathway blockade disorders (Fig. 1).


Sustainable development of tourism in the regions of the Russian Federation is a priority task of the state. The development of the tourism sector is of great socio-economic importance and involves efforts aimed at the tourist and recreational development of territories and increasing the share of the non-resource sector in the economy. For the development of domestic and inbound tourism, Russia has all the necessary resources and unique opportunities to meet the vital needs of the country's population in tourism and recreation. Sustainable tourism development is directly related to strategic planning, involving the development and systematic implementation of concepts, strategies, programs, roadmaps, and master plans for the development of territories. Most documents of strategic planning of the tourism sector include a cluster approach, which contributes to the sustainable development of tourism and is an effective tool for integrated management of territories and increasing the regions' competitiveness. The management of territories aimed at the sustainable development of tourism should be systematically linked to the existing set of programs for the regions' socio-economic development. The article presents an analysis of the documents of strategic planning of the tourism sector at the federal and regional levels, which revealed the achievements and shortcomings of their implementation. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the federal target program 'Development of domestic and inbound tourism in the Russian Federation (2011–2018)' and its effectiveness, the regions' activities in the development and implementation of a system of strategic planning documents, and the effectiveness of management of the sustainable tourism development.


Objective To observe the curative effects of combied Chinese and Western Medicine on Treatment of refractory pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods Choose Combination of Chinese traditional and Western medicine in treatment of refractory pulmonary tuberculosis,cure rate is high,worthy of clinical application.a simple western medicine treatment for more than 12 months of poor efficacy of cases,divided into a combined treatment group(A group) 54 cases,control group(group B) in 54 cases,observation of treatment effects of two groups.Results In group A,sputum conversion,void closure,focus absorption,symptom control and other aspects of the efficacy results are higher than that of B group.Conclusion Combination of Chinese traditional and Western medicine in treatment of refractory pulmonary tuberculosis,cure rate is high,worthy of clinical application.


In this paper, we discuss an obstacle avoidance algorism with potential method considering robot shape. We are developing RT component for obstacle avoidance of autonomous mobile robot. Specially, we deal with avoidance algorithm for Omni-directional mobile robot. For autonomous robot pass the narrow route, not only position, but also direction of path should be generated according to configuration of environment. To solve this problem, we proposed a potential method with translate and rotary motion. In our method, repulsive force is applied to circumference of robot. Therefore, the force is not only applied to the center of gravity of robot. Then, the robot generates rotary motion for avoiding obstacle. By such method, translate and rotate path is generated according to reference model. We introduce a method and confirm its effectiveness by experiments.


From raw material to sacred clay, from wall plaster to garden plots, soil plays an intimate role in the lives of agriculturalists. In the lives of archaeologists, however, soil too frequently plays the role of overburden, or the stuff holding the more important things, like stones and bones. At best, soil studies are seen as essential for environmental reconstruction or coming to grips with formation processes. A more grounded approach to interpreting agrarian life involves an understanding and appreciation of soil as a partner. In turn, thinking about soil opens new terrain in the study of landscape perception, ideology and memory. This article explores the potential offered by the materiality of sediments and soilscapes.


A noted American economic geographer collaborates with an India-based colleague to discuss the research and development (R&D) facilities of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in India, which has emerged as a preferred location for corporate R&D and strategic marketing facilities in the 21st century (previously situated in the developed world). Drawing on in-depth interviews in the field with MNEs located in Bangalore during 2007 and in 2012, the authors demonstrate how the perception of India as a location of innovation has begun to change, and discuss how the country began to serve as an ideal location for market knowledge gathering activities. Pointing to implications for other developing economies, the paper concludes that India's unique combination of market assets has played an important role in enabling MNEs to upgrade their functions.


The main agriculture-resourse databases of Yaan city which included spatial databases and attribute databases was done, based on Geographic Information System.16032 evaluation units of the potential land productivity were overlaid out.By using the mechamism methodology and computing models,Yaan city's land productive potentiality was computed according to synthetic index of land productivity evaluation that was taken as soil effective coefficient.Result of research indicated that:(a)Siol effective coefficient changed from (0.3047) to 0.8550,and there is medium-low yield farmland of 71.28 percent. (b)Land natural productivity increased from 7843 kg/(hm~2)to 17335 kg/(hm~2),and the mean rate of enhancing yield is 23.53 percent in this region.(c)There are many facters that have been influencing soil effective coefficient such as soil organic matter,total nitrogen,effective phosphine and soil texture.The main attenuation result of land productivity is soil ,and next to water.


TMP2004 was the second in a series of four-yearly international conferences on the thermomechanical processing of steels, which was initiated in London in 2000 and is to be carried on in 2008 and beyond. It was a tremendous success, bringing together no less than 175 participants from 28 distinct countries in Africa, the Americas, Asia, Australia, and Central, Eastern, Northern and Western Europe. This perspective surveys trends in the research and industrial application of thermomechanical processing (TMP) of steels, assessed in the light of the latest information presented at the conference, and identifies some areas for future work. The present issue of I&S also features a detailed report on TMP2004 and a selection of 12 contributions to the conference.


The research on analogical problem solving has consistently indicated that many problem solvers have difficulty transferring knowledge from a solved problem to an analogous, but unsolved problem. Using think-aloud protocols and interviews, the current study examined 36 individuals' thought processes while engaged in problem-solving tasks. To analyze the large amount of data transcribed from the think-aloud and interview protocols, HyperQual4.3 was used to code thought units for subsequent sorting and categorizing. In addition, the constant comparative method was applied to allow important themes to emerge from the sorted data. Three interesting findings emerged: (a) virtual experiences-not real-life experiences-support problem solving; (b) reflection supports problem solving; and (c) solutions rule (even when they are unacceptable).


A new four-lane highway is being constructed between Andrews and Murphy in Cherokee County. The Research Laboratories of Anthropology surveyed the proposed roadway sporadically from 1971 until 1976. The archaeological research was funded in 1976, facilitating an intensive effort to complete the project prior to maximum impact. A total of 23 sites were discovered and evaluated in terms of their significance and potential in contributing to an understanding of the archaeology of the area.


This study aims to determine the effect of potassium doses and types of manure on the growth and yield of sweet potato (Ipomea batatas L). In this study using a factorial randomized block design. Factor 1 is a dose of potassium (K) consisting of three levels, namely: K1 = 50 kg.ha - KCl, K2 = 100 kg.ha - KCl, and K3 = 150 kg.ha - KCl. Factor 2 is a type of manure (N) consisting of three levels, namely: N0 = without manure, N1 = cow manure, and N2 = chicken manure. Each treatment was repeated 3 times with samples of each 3 sweet potato plants. The results of this study indicate that the administration of KCl dosage and types of manure do not provide a significant interaction effect on growth, namely plant length, number of leaves, and leaf area as well as yield of sweet potato and KCl dose giving the best growth and yield of sweet potato production at the dose KCl of K3 treatment that is 150 kg.ha - as much as 2744.44 g and the provision of various kinds of manure gave the best growth and yield of sweet potato in N2 fertilizer namely chicken manure as much as 2733.33g.


【The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-helicobacter activity of the ethanol extract of Sohamhyoongtang (Coptidis Rhizoma, Pinelliae Tuber and Trichosanthis Semen) and Coptidis Rhizoma total alkaloids, which is one of the components of Sohamhyoongtang. Crude ethanol extract of Sohamhyoongtang (ESHHT) and Coptidis Rhizoma total alkaloids (CRTA) were used for this experiment. Five different types of H. pylori (including H. pylori 26695) were used as test strain. To determine anti-helicobacter activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by agar dilution method. The effect of ESHHT and CRTA on the gene expression of H. pylori was investigated by quantitative realtime-PCR (qRT-PCR). MICs of ESHHT against five H. pylori strains were $250{\sim}500{\mu}g/ml$ and MICs of CRTA against five H. pylori strains were $50{\sim}200{\mu}g/ml$ . Four representative virulence genes of H. pylori, cagA, ureA, ureB and ureI were tested as target genes for qRT-PCR. According to the qRT-PCR results, both ESHHT and CRTA markedly repressed the expression of cagA gene of H. pylori 26695 (6.91 and 20 folds respecively). These results showed that the ESHHT and CRTA demonstrated antihelicobacter properties, suggesting their potential use in gastritis or duodenal ulcer.】


Human rabies is cent percent fatal disease of antiquity. It is acute encephalitis with fatal outcome and no effective cure.Prevention by immunization is the onlysolution as on date and the problem assumes significance due to fact that India continues to contribute 4 out of 5 rabies deaths in the world.Present study revealed the number of animal bite cases is on increasing trend while number of human rabies patient was static. There was uneven and irregular monthly distribution of human rabies patients.Males were more vulnerable than females.Children rabies cases were crucial as more number cases were converted into rabies cases. Rural and illiterate people were mostly victims. People working in fields i.e. farmers and labour are affected most is noteworthy.It was crystal clear that dog bitten cases were highest among animal bite as well as rabies cases. Class III degree bite was at most risk to get converted into human rabies cases.95% of victims were not taken any post-bite vaccination.Hydrophobia and aerophobia were pathognomonic signs shown by all victims.4.5% cases died of neuroparalysis due to Nerve tissue vaccination complication.


Environmental protection must require the use of natural products instead of chemicals to minimize pollution. Thus, this investigation studies the use of some plant flowers as naturally occurring acid-base indicators. We utilized plant flowers of Celosia cristate Linn, Bombax ceiba L., Poinciana regia and Hibiscus subdariffa. These flowers contain anthocyanine pigments whose colour depends on pH; therefore they are used as pH indicators. The acid-base equilibria of these pigments were investigated using spectrophotometric and potentiometric methods. The pk values are 9.6 for Celosia cristate Linn, 5.7 for Bombax ceiba L., 8.6 for Poinciana regia and 2.8 & 7.3 for Hibiscus subdariffa. Experimentation of these indicators on different concentrations of acid-base titrations in the presence of variable concentrations exhibited similar results as for synthetic indicators.


This paper proposes solution for the protection video courseware based on digital watermark.This method embeds an image into video stream as invisible watermark,and identifies the copyright of the Courseware by detecting the existence of digital watermark.The experiment proves the effectiveness and good results of this method.


Feeding habits in three populations of fire salamander, Salamandra infraimmaculata semenovi have been studied at Zagros Mountains in western part of Iran, Kurdistan and Kermanshah provinces. Adult individuals underwent stomach flushing were applied to in June and September 2014. All three populations consumed 107 prey items from nine taxa categories. Inorganic elements and vegetal maters also were found in stomach contents. The results show that Coleoptera and Homoptera hold highest and lowest percentage abundance food contents of all populations respectively. There are significance differences between the feeding habits of three populations. The most consumption and highest feeding diversity were registered in the steep slope of valley with permanent slow water fall, surrounded with humid soil that covered with carious plants so the salamanders can feed massively in this area. Also results show that the larger salamander (distinguished with SVL) consumed a significantly higher diversity and amount of prey items than smaller individuals so the adult size can affects S. i. semenovi hunting behavior. The findings also suggest that fire salamander has seasonal fluctuation in food items both by the number and variation. In June, salamanders consumed significantly higher diversity and amount of prey items. There is a straight relationship between gender of salamanders and their food habits. Females consumed significantly higher diversity and amount of prey items. Our study highlights the importance of preserving aquatic habitats as well as terrestrial areas because some feeding items (Gastropoda and Trichoptera) spend their life cycle in water.


(Objectives) A literature review and biliometric based pre-research service review was conducted at the Center for Scientific Data and Documentation of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences . (Method)  Reviews of literature review and bibliometric services were carried out by tracing methods from various sources of information both from within and outside the country, namely for domestic information sources used were ISJD.pddi.lipi.go.id, https://garuda.ristekbrin.go.id/, and https://moraref.kemenag.go.id/. Meanwhile, foreign databases consist of Scopus and Web of Science. The search results of manuscripts that are in accordance with bibliometric-based pre-research services and literature reviews are analyzed descriptively as a result and discussion . (Findings) The results of the study show that literature review services can help analyze certain topics as a consideration in conducting research. Literature reviews can also encourage objective thinking, and a systematic approach to the research to be carried out. Meanwhile, the bibliometric service helps researchers evaluate research results by looking at the bibliometric map. With the bibliometric visualization map, it can be seen that research topics are rarely conducted which are the basis for researchers to conduct further research .


In rat brainstem slices, we investigated the influence of the neurosteroids tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC) and allopregnanolone (ALLO) on the synaptically driven and spontaneous activity of vestibular neurons, by analysing their effects on the amplitude of the field potentials evoked in the medial vestibular nuclei (MVN) by vestibular afferent stimulation and on the spontaneous firing rate of MVN neurons. Furthermore, the interaction with γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate receptors was analysed by using specific antagonists for GABAA (bicuculline), α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)/ kainate [2,3‐dioxo‐6‐nitro‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydrobenzo(f)quinoxaline‐7‐sulphonamide disodium salt (NBQX)], N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) [d‐(–)‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphonopentanoic acid (AP‐5)] and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu‐I) [(R,S)‐1‐aminoindan‐1,5‐dicarboxylic acid (AIDA)] receptors. THDOC and ALLO evoked two opposite long‐lasting effects, consisting of either a potentiation or a reduction of field potential and firing rate, which showed early and late components, occurring in conjunction or separately after neurosteroid application. The depressions depended on GABAA receptors, as they were abolished by bicuculline, while early potentiation involved glutamate AMPA/kainate receptors, as NBQX markedly reduced the incidence of early firing rate enhancement and, in the case of ALLO, even provoked depression. This suggests that THDOC and ALLO enhance the GABAA inhibitory influence on the MVN neurons and facilitate the AMPA/kainate facilitatory one. Conversely, a late potentiation effect, which was still induced after glutamate and GABAA receptor blockade, might involve a different mechanism. We conclude that the modulation of neuronal activity in the MVN by THDOC and ALLO, through their actions on GABAA and AMPA/kainate receptors, may have a physiological role in regulating the vestibular system function under normal conditions and during the stress response that accompanies many forms of vestibular dysfunction.


During the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, there was a short run of medical resources, and Sina Weibo, a social media platform in China, built a channel for novel coronavirus pneumonia patients to seek help. Based on the geo-tagging Sina Weibo data from February 3rd to 12th, 2020, this paper analyzes the spatiotemporal distribution of COVID-19 cases in the main urban area of Wuhan and explores the urban spatial features of COVID-19 transmission in Wuhan. The results show that the elderly population accounts for more than half of the total number of Weibo help seekers, and a close correlation between them has also been found in terms of spatial distribution features, which confirms that the elderly population is the group of high-risk and high-prevalence in the COVID-19 outbreak, needing more attention of public health and epidemic prevention policies. On the other hand, the early transmission of COVID-19 in Wuhan could be divide into three phrases: Scattered infection, community spread, and full-scale outbreak. This paper can help to understand the spatial transmission of COVID-19 in Wuhan, so as to propose an effective public health preventive strategy for urban space optimization.


The present invention discloses a composite hollow hydroxy ferromanganese and its application, the first time with a simple template prepared composite having cubic structure ferromanganese. First, polyvinyl pyrrolidone introduced during the manufacturing process, weakening the strong oxidizing power of the permanganate, the form of the three-dimensional cube, Fe and Mn complex is preserved; Second, this makes a more impaired oxidation activity manganic ion is present in a large number of complex surface, such that the adsorption mechanism is removed after the first oxidation of Fe, Mn composite oxide present will reflect a greater degree on the material. The prepared composite ferromanganese large specific surface area, adsorption rate is much higher than other composite adsorbent, the adsorbent and the adsorption stability; compared with other treatments, to shorten the reaction time and the process cost.


The outside view of law is making fact-judgment from the social relationship from where it originates;while the inside view of law is to make conclusion by the analysis of adjustment objects.Chinese Economic Law manifests the characteristics of "Cultivation Law",which in fact is the law about market-regulating and macroeconomic controlling.Economic Law manifests economical social relationships on which it independently takes as a foundation."Economic Law" is the general name of manifesting a series of social relationships about macroeconomic-controlling and market-regulating in modern countries.


We systematically reviewed the literature on the influence of low and moderate amounts of prenatal alcohol and nicotine exposure on early child development. This paper also suggests possible directions for future research in order to tackle the controversial findings identified.


This paper studied the effects of different clipping treatments on the physiological characteristics of flue-cured tobacco in float system.The results showed that clipping treatments were very important to the physiological characteristics of flue-cured tobacco,which increased the activity of root system,NR,critical water content of seedlings in float system straightly,and the proline content,polyphenol oxidase activity,electrolyte permeation velocity were induced at the same time.


The information society depends, to a large extent, on the technological capacity to disseminate information and, consequently, the knowledge throughout a territory, thereby creating conditions which allow a more balanced development from both the social and economic points of view thus avoiding the existence of info-exclusion territories. The Internet should therefore be considered more than a mere technology, given that its importance goes well beyond the frontiers of culture and society. It is already a part of daily life and of the new forms of thinking and transmitting information, thus making it a basic necessity essential for a full socio-economic development. Its role as a platform of creation and distribution of content is regarded as an indispensable element for education in today's society, since it makes information a much more easily


Aim. The study reviews current evidence on digestive system lesions provoked by the new COVID-19 coronavirus infection.Key points. Alongside the destructive impact on respiratory system, COVID-19 manifests itself in gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea) that may precede respiratory signs and prevail in the clinical picture of infection. Patients with chronic inflammatory bowel diseases receiving immunosuppressive therapy are at elevated risk of severe COVID-19 progression. The new coronavirus infection may induce liver damage with increased transaminase activity.Conclusion. Association of digestive system lesions with COVID-19 remains understudied and requires further research.


This paper delves into the concept of social metabolism as a foundation for the development of sociotechnical systems in Industry 5.0. The study conducts an analysis of the existing methods and approaches for designing sociotechnical systems, and reviews publications that utilize such systems to incorporate Industry 4.0 technologies into manufacturing processes. Additionally, it examines the three key factors of Industry 5.0 and the enabling framework of Industry 4.0 technologies. Based on these investigations, a theoretical model is proposed for manufacturing system design, employing sociotechnical systems to integrate Industry 4.0 enabling technologies, while considering the essential aspects of Industry 5.0. The model emphasizes the early consideration of sociotechnical systems to design manufacturing systems that prioritize human-centricity, sustainability, and resilience. By embracing this comprehensive approach, the proposed model contributes to the realization of a production environment aligned with societal needs, fostering a more conscious and adaptable industry.


This paper is concerned with the numerical solution of dissipative initial value problems with delays by Runge-Kutta methods. A sufficient condition for the dissipativity of the systems is given. The concepts of D(l)-dissipativity and GD(l)-dissipativity are introduced. We investigate the dissipativity properties of (k, l)-algebraically stable Runge-Kutta methods with piecewise constant or linear interpolation procedures for finite-dimensional and infinite-dimensional dynamical systems with delays.


This paper studies why and how managers develop 'strategizing tools. We call strategizing tools those self-made tools crafted by managers as opposed to off-the-shelf established strategy tools, such as BCG matrix, five forces, etc. We conceptualize strategizing and the crafting of tools as bricolage (Levi-Strauss, 1966; Duymedjian and Ruling, 2010). Drawing on two longitudinal participatory observations in highly regulated industries, we show how practitioners try to materialize rules and standards from the macro-institutional environment into daily practice. We identify three phases: framing the issue, assembling the tool and outcome. The findings reveal that the managers draw on different elements of their mental and technical repertoire, and on dialogue to craft the tool. However, to become materialized in practice, the tool needs to acquire institutional legitimacy.


Objective To study the effect of Aprotinin to inflammatory reaction an d lung injury due to the CPB.Method s The24cases undergoing cardic surgical ope ration were divided into two groups:experimental group and control group;Apro tinin was used in experimental group.The level of TNFα,IL-6,CD11b,TXB 2 ,6-k -PGF1αand respiratory track pressure were evaluated before CPB,C PB60min,after CPB30min and4hours,respectively.Results The level of TNFα ,IL-6,TXB 2 ,top respiratory track pressure in control group were higher than those of the experimental group(P0.05),the level of6-k-PGF1αand lung compli ance in control group were significantly lower than that in the experimental gro up (P0.05).After CPB30min and4hours,the level of CD11b in control group were significantly higher than that in the experimental group.Conclusion CPB can lead to lung injury,but Aprotinin can depress the effect of inflammat ory reaction and lung injury.


This paper observes an experience in establishing an Islamic State in the State of Kelantan, Malaysia, undertaken by the Malaysian Pan-Islamic Party (PAS) -led government. From the outset of its establishment, PAS holds to the ideals that political and governing power, hence an Islamic State, is indeed an important means in executing a complete law of Allah. Without political power, PAS believes, not only an establishment of an Islamic State is impossible, but the execution of the laws of Allah that binds the complete Islamic way of life would also be unachievable. In the State of Kelantan, the ideal of having the governing and political power has already been accomplished. But this is inadequate. The PAS-led government is facing with two unfavourable realities. Firstly, the realities that are related to external factors, from outside the Party, and secondly to internal factors, from within the Party and the PAS-led government themselves. In the former, one witness the role of the Federal Barisan Nasional government, especially through its Federal Development Department established in the State, in interrupting the endeavours undertaken by the PAS-led government. In the latter, PAS is suffering from at least five realities, viz. leadership identity crisis, lack of practical experience and expertise, the existence of unmotivated civil servants, absence of either a blueprint or a proper operational guideline, and refusal to welcome help from other sympathised Islamic movements. Consequently, the idealism of the PAS-led government in establishing an Islamic State in the State of Kelantan has yet to be fully realised. Beside these shortcomings, however, the Kelantanese have certainly proved to at least attempt to determine their own lifestyles according to their self-determining character, culminating in the existence of the beauty of Islam already partly felt in the State, with relatively more peacefulness, tranquility and friendly atmosphere.


This study performs empirical analysis on explicit tax and implicit tax by firm characteristics. As a result of analysis on explicit tax, firms...


The total Fluorine content in the precursor solution for MOD processing of YBCO coated conductors can be significantly reduced by synthesizing precursor solution with F-free Y & Cu precursor and Barium trifluoroacetate(TFA). It was shown that crack-free and uniform precursor films were formed after calcinations in humidified oxygen atmosphere. Less than 2 hours are required to finish the calcinations process and XRD measurement shows that are major constituent of calcined precursor films. Film thickness after calcinations was improved to be 2.8um by applying slot-die coating method. In particular, addition of Samarium shows critical current of . It is shown that uniform and fast processing route to YBCO coated conductor with high Ic can be provided by employing F-free Y & Cu precursor solution in MOD process.


Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the association of high age-adjusted shock index (AASI) with mortality in Korean children with trauma. Methods: The data of children (aged < 15 years) with trauma who visited a university hospital in Korea from 2010 through 2018 were reviewed. High AASI was defined by age groups as follows: < 12 months, ≥ 2.7; 12-23 months, ≥ 2.1; 2-4 years, ≥ 1.9; 5-11 years, ≥ 1.5; and 12-14 years, ≥ 1.1. Age, sex, transfer status, injury mechanism, hypotension, tachycardia, base deficit, hemoglobin concentration, trauma scores, hemorrhage-related procedures (transfusion and surgical interventions), and severe traumatic brain injury were compared according to high AASI and in-hospital mortality. The association of high AASI with the mortality was analyzed using logistic regression. Results: Of the 363 enrolled children, 29 (8.0%) had high AASI and 24 (6.6%) died. The children with high AASI showed worse trauma scores and underwent hemorrhage-related procedures more frequently, without a difference in the rate of the traumatic brain injury. High AASI was associated with in-hospital mortality (survivors, 6.5% vs. non-survivors, 29.2%; P = 0.001). This association remained significant after adjustment (adjusted odds ratio, 6.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.3829.82). The other predictors were Glasgow Coma Scale (for increment of 1 point; 0.62; 0.53-0.72) and age (for increment of 1 year; 0.84; 0.73-0.97). High AASI showed a 29.2% sensitivity and 93.5% specificity for the mortality. Conclusion: High AASI is associated with mortality, and have a high specificity but low sensitivity in Korean children with trauma. This predictor of mortality can be used prior to obtaining the results of laboratory markers of shock.


Due to an increase in the intensity of freight transport on the road network in the Czech Republic, are increasingly occurs problems of lack of parking spaces for heavy goods vehicles. This leads to very dangerous situations with improper parking of trucks. The paper presents the proposed telematics system, which provides information for drivers of trucks over 3.5t about the predicted occupancy for the nearest parking. Providing this information to drivers will optimize the usage of existing parking areas on the highway network and to drivers to facilitate decisions about the appropriate place for parking, which will contribute to the fluency and safety of traffic as a whole. Keywords— electronic toll, parking, telematics, prediction.


The purpose of this research is more directed to the analysis of regional financial capacity by looking at the degree of decentralization and the ratio of regional financial dependence and the ratio of regional financial independence. These three forms of analysis will show whether an autonomous region is able to stand fully by relying on its own regional financial capacity. Type of research is secondary data analysis, horizontal and vertical analysis methods are used, the research location was selected purposively, namely the city of Bogor. The data used are institutional administrative data, namely the Bogor City Government, consisting of the Regional Budget and Revenue Expenditure reports and the 2015-2019 Regional Government Implementation Report, as well as regional financial data contained in the report of the Bogor City Central Statistics Agency for 2015-2019. The results of this study; (a) the calculation of the ratio of the degree of decentralization is categorized as moderate, (b) the dependence of regional finances for 5 years is above 50%, this means that the city of Bogor in terms of high dependence on the central government, (c) the city of Bogor can be categorized as moderate in its independence ratio


The burning simulation of hydrogen was carried on in the reactor model Aurora , present in the software Chemkin . The MP2 method was utilized on the calculations and optimization of the geometries and vibrational frequencies of the reactants, transition states and products of the elementary re actions of H 2 combustion mechanism, for the determination of the Arrhenius parameters. Simulations of H 2 combustion were carried out using two sets of exper imental data and the set of calculated data. The analysis of the calculated par ameters for each reaction was made and compared to the experimental ones through burning simulations. A detailed study of the mechanism was realized for th e verification of the importance of each reaction on the global process. This method ology will allow the insertion of new reactions in several mechanisms and also the ca lculation of parameters for reactions which cannot be determined experimentally.


Objective To optimize the processing conditions for β-cyclodextrin( β-CD) inclusion complex of salicylic acid. Methods The orthogonal design was used. The processing conditions were determined in terms of temperature,ultrasonic time,the ratio of β-CD and salicylic acid,inclusion ratio was used as optimizing objective. Results The optimum preparation conditions were established as follows: inclusion temperature was 30 ℃,ultrasonic time was 40 min, the ratio of β-CD and salicylic acid was 5∶ 1. Conclusion The validated β-cyclodextrin inclusion process is simple and convenient to carry out.


This paper revisits the principal-agent model with moral hazard when its solution is obtained invoking the first-order-approach. We show that the solution can be economically inconsistent even when "sufficient conditions" ensuring its validity ([1,2]) hold. To be more precise, we provide examples where is impossible to find Lagrange multipliers validating the approach. The correct solution to the problem provides a rationale for option-like contracts and minimum payments.


Nanoscale asperity-on-asperity sliding experiments were conducted using a nanoindentation apparatus inside a transmission electron microscope, allowing for atomic-scale resolution of contact formation, sliding, and adhesive separation of two silicon nanoasperities in real time. Forming and separating the contacts without sliding reveals adhesion forces often below detectable limits (ca. 5 nN) or at most equal to values expected from van der Waals forces. Lateral sliding during contact by distances ranging from 3.7 µm down to as little as 20 nm resulted in an average 19-times increase in the adhesive pull-off force, with increases as large as 32 times seen. Adhesion after sliding increased with both the sliding speed and the applied normal contact stress. Unlike cold welding, where irreversible material changes like flow occur, these effects were repeatable and reversible multiple times, for multiple pairs of asperities. We hypothesize that sliding removes passivating surface terminal species, most likely hydrogen or hydroxyl groups, making sites available to form strong covalent bonds across the interface that increase adhesion. Upon separation, repassivation occurs within the experimentally limited lower bound time frame of five seconds, with full recovery of low adhesion. The results demonstrate the strong sliding history-dependence of adhesion, which hinges on the interplay between tribologically-induced removal of adsorbed species and repassivation of unsaturated bonds on freshly separated surfaces by dissociative chemisorption.


Treatment burden is the "workload of healthcare and its impact on patient functioning and well-being". High treatment burden may lead to non-adherence to treatment regimens, poor health outcomes, poor quality of life and wasted healthcare resources. Treatment burden among people with Parkinson's (PwP) and their caregivers has not been previously explored.

 Using five electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus and PsychInfo), we conducted a systematic review of studies published since 2006 when the first National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) Clinical Guideline for Parkinson's Disease was published. This allows an understanding of the impact of current healthcare systems on treatment burden. We included qualitative and mixed-method studies with a qualitative component that reported data from PwP and/or caregivers. Quantitative studies, qualitative data from clinical trials not related to usual care and grey literature were excluded. Two reviewers independently screened articles and extracted data. Data analysis was conducted using framework analysis.

 1757 articles were screened, and 39 included in this review. Understanding treatment burden among PwP and their caregivers was not the primary aim in any of the included studies. They described the experiences of those living at home and during hospital or care home admissions. Issues with medications (adherence to advice, effectiveness, side-effects and timing), obtaining appropriate levels of information and healthcare provision (lack of integrated care, care coordination and person-centred approach) were among factors that exacerbate treatment burden experienced by PwP and caregivers. Both reported the impact of Parkinson's on their daily lives, physical and mental exhaustion of self-care and limitations on their role and social activities.

 This review describes considerable treatment burden experienced by PwP and their caregivers and its major influences including aspects of current healthcare provision. Future research should focus on patient-centred care with service redesign to improve this treatment burden.


In the present work, we employed low-energy ball milling in dry and wet conditions to synthesize Al-MWCNT composites with homogeneous distribution of reinforcing phases. Dry ball milling easily resulted in the collapse of MWCNTs as well as a cold welding of constituent particles. Wet milling, on the other hand, induced a homogeneous distribution of MWCNTs and matrix phase. However, the oxidation of aluminum which results in a poor sinterability, was a major problem in wet milling. The optimum content of MWCNT in the composites was 0.5 and 1 wt% for dry and wet milling, respectively.


A modified adaptive fuzzy actor-neural network critic (FANC)-based controller is proposed for a class of robotic rehabilitation system(RRS). Based on the modified FANC control approach, the developed RRS can utilize different kinds of prior knowledge and measured information to initialize its fuzzy actor, critic network, and ensure the RRS stability during the whole control process with the help of a PD-based supervisory controller. In addition, to attenuate the effects of the approximation error and the uncertainty in the system, robust terms are also integrated into the proposed FANC agent. Lyapunov stability analysis shows the proposed FANC can yield a semi-global asymptotic result. Simulation experiments showed that the feasibility of the developed FANC for robotic rehabilitation system.


Disturbance from irrational anthropogenic socio-economic activity has influenced river ecosystem seriously and intensive attention has been paid on issues concerning river health. Various understanding on river health concept is generalized and the difference between them is distinguished in detail, the development process, advantage and disadvantage of river health assessment methods, including biological monitoring and integrated indicator are introduced. Furthermore, Some suggestion on research direction of river health assessment, including assessment standard establishment, river's sensitivity on disturbance, ecological process indicator and health assessment on watershed scale is put forward in the paper.


application to gender studies. Similarly, Eckert (2005, 16) argues that 'language is a practice that unfolds with respect to [an] institution. And it is the accumulation of practice that produces and reproduces that institution.' Accordingly, this section's preoccupation is with how languages, individuals and social contexts interact, and how this interaction sustains unequal gender relations. It presents language as a social practice and how individuals are placed in a broad variety of positions in society set up in discourses. More importantly, it shows how men and women may engage in language use that involves gender oppression and exclusion, and how by identifying mechanisms of oppression and exclusion language and gender studies can contribute to social change. This book is an important contribution to the area of gender identities and its intersections with sexuality, culture and place. It is essential for research within feminism and women's studies, and is a most-valuable literary contribution to sociolinguistics. Research on language and society is innately linked with human welfare as findings can have significant implications on the life of men and women. On this matter, Mary Talbot's book Language and Gender (2nd ed.) will enrich the work of students and scholars alike and make any reader more aware of how language and gender studies can positively alter social structures.


Back lanes are ubiquitously found in every city as they are a required component according to the by-laws. The intention of back lane is to serve as a service road and consequently society tends to neglect and had led to a forgotten public space due to its lack of maintenance. Thus, this has discouraged the pedestrian movement as it is unsafe because the laneway is mainly hidden from public eye. Therefore, it became a space for undesirable activities to be taken place especially for hoodlums. In line with the Kuala Lumpur Tourism Master Plan 2015-2025, that gives emphasise to revitalise forgotten spaces, this research looks into the issues of back lanes in Petaling Street with the aims to unlock its potentials. The study adopted a qualitative approach through 2 phases. The first phase is through literature review to study and understand its historical background follows by site observation through photographs and recording of the site existing conditions. The second phase is through interviews with urban planning experts and business owners to discuss the historical value, issues and parameters to revitalize the back lane. The outcome of the research divulges that revitalization of back lane and shifting the front façade to the back lane or adapting to a double façade are able to greet the public with new urban social spaces and that tenants are able to utilize and give it a new meaning.


The word 'architecture/architect' originated from ancient Greek 'architekton(?ρχιτ?κτων)' is widely accepted as the one related to building industry. This study tries to show that the word 'architect' in Ancient Greek and Latin usage indicates the position or responsibility of planning and conducting persecution of making something in general other than profession. In Greek the term used to designate a person building houses is 'oikodomos(οικοδ?μο?)'; in Latin 'aedificat.' The Greek term 'architekton(?ρχιτ?κτ ων)' found in Histoires by Herodotus is applied to three persons who were responsible for building water tunnel, temple, and dam. Greek plays and writings provide substantial cases indicating architect as a general manager. In Latin, 'architectus' believed strongly related to Greek term inherited almost same meaning as Greek counterpart. Even the most influential architectural book, De Architectura Libri Decem, by Vitruvius is a clear example showing less a profession as modern usage indicates as related to building industry than general planner or manager in civil works. Acknowledging the word architect as a responsibility other than profession provides much clearer way to understand ancient writings explaining their building business.