The prevalence and nature of female prostitution in the west is considered, as are the main types of motivation for engaging in sex work. The variable tendency to define western prostitutes as causal agents in the transmission and spread of HIV/AIDS is noted, and the medical/epidemiological evidence against doing so briefly summarised. The impact of the AIDS pandemic on prostitutes and their work is discussed, as are a number of legal, ideological and representational issues relating to prostitution which have been given new salience by the AIDS debate. It is contended that the legal process continues to discriminate unjustly against women prostitutes; that a 'double standard' of sexual morality persists; and that prostitute groups have articulated a clear response to law and ideology, hinging on the de-criminalisation of uncoerced adult prostitution. It is suggested that one likely consequence of decriminalisation would be improved access to health education and care facilities, as relevant for the general health status of women workers as for STDs, including AIDS.


Databases, searchable newspapers, writing aids, and other resources at NYPL. Guide by Rhonda Evans. Here is a quick guide to accessing NYPL's E-Resources.


Darwin's Theory of Evolution:inherited variation,natural selection and adaption to survive in the environment is vividly manifested by the process of cancer cell evolution.For each step from precancerous lesion to cancer in situ and metastasis,cancer cells continuously mutate and subclones are selected by the pressure from tumor microenvironment.Cancer is characterized by heterogeneity,which is also a reflection of cancer cell evolution.Renal cell carcinoma(RCC)is one of the most common tumors in urinary system and the incidence rate of RCC is rising in recent years.Because RCC is not sensitive to radiotherapy or chemotherapy,systemic targeted therapy is the only option for patients with advanced RCC.This paper reviews the significant molecular events during the evolution of RCC,revealing the high heterogeneity of RCC both in different patients and in the tumor itself.Understanding the characteristics of RCC evolution is a must to search specific molecular markers for early diagnosis and for practice of individualized therapy.


In order to investigate the effects of filter length and ventilation on the transfer behavior of some ester flavors in cigarettes,the said ester flavors were injected into cigarettes with filters of various length and ventilation rates.These flavored cigarettes were stored airtightly for one week at temperature of 22 ℃±2 ℃ and relative humidity of 60%±5%,then analyzed by simultaneous distillation and extraction combined with GC and GC/MS.The relationships of flavor transfer ratio with filter length and ventilation rate were studied by multivariate analysis and multi-factor interaction stepwise regression analysis.The results showed that:1) The retention ratio in cut tobacco and transfer ratio into mainstream cigarette smoke of cinnamate flavors did not correlated with filter length and ventilation.2)If the flavor's physical properties were neglected,filter length would be significantly negatively correlative with flavor's retention ratio in cut tobacco,but significantly positively correlative with flavor's transfer ratio into filter.Filter ventilation insignificantly correlated with flavor's retention ratio in cut tobacco,while it weakly positively correlated with the transfer ratio into filter.3) The transfer ratios of ester flavors into mainstream cigarette smoke significantly negatively correlated with filter length and ventilation.


The invention relates to a system for preparing olefin by taking coal and refinery dry gas as raw materials and a method for preparing olefin by taking the coal and the refinery dry gas as the raw materials through the system. The system comprises a coal water slurry preparation unit, a coal gasification unit, a synthesis gas purification unit and a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis unit which are sequentially connected; a carbon dioxide outlet of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis unit and/or a carbon dioxide outlet of the synthesis gas purification unit communicates with a carbon dioxide inlet of a methane dry-reforming unit, a methane outlet of a refinery dry gas separation unit communicates with a methane inlet of the methane dry-reforming unit, or the methane outlet of the refinery dry gas separation unit and a methane outlet of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis unit both communicate with the methane inlet of the methane dry-reforming unit. According to the system for preparing olefin by taking the coal and the efinery dry gas as the raw materials, two greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide and methane are simultaneously utilized to be converted into a product with the high additional value, greenhouse gas emission is reduced, and the resource and energy utilization rate of the whole technology is significantly increased.


Abstract The article analyzes the use of radio "classified‐ad" shows for the sale of goods and services. The article finds that in commercial radio, some Spanish language radio stations (SLRS) program communicative opportunities for listeners in the form of "classified‐ad" type shows on a regular basis. The article presents two significant finding: first, that program format decisions are organized by the "model of the audience" that station personnel hold. The SLRSs studied hold a "participatory model" of the audience. The article distinguishes different models of the audience and indicates how the models summarize radio station personnel perspectives and behaviors surrounding program choice. The second finding is that proximity to the U.S./Mexico border produces variation in "classified‐ad" type shows. The local variation (in El Paso, Texas, Tucson, Arizona and Albuquerque, New Mexico) in the organization of these programs is described and explained according to the mutual needs and purposes of the local community and the radio station. The article concludes with a research agenda that flows from this initial investigation.


This paper presents a physical model of a squirrel cage induction machine with rotor topology. The machine is modeled in Modelica, an object oriented multi physical modeling system. The presented machine model is used to investigate electrical rotor asymmetries in induction machines. For the case of a single broken rotor bar a simulation model is compared with measurement results.


The False Claims Act ("FCA") is the government's primary tool in combatting procurement fraud. It allows the United States to litigate cases alleging fraudulent claims against governmental entities, and also allows whistleblowers (called relators) to bring such cases, litigate them on behalf of the government, and collect a share of the proceeds. The viability of the FCA depends on its ability to encourage whistleblowers to come forward and report fraud committed by contractors with the government. One limitation on whistleblowers' ability to litigate FCA cases is the so-called public-disclosure bar, which bars claims that have been publicly exposed.1 This bar has an exception for whistleblowers who are original sources of their claims. Consistent with the legislative history of the FCA, the public-disclosure bar should be interpreted narrowly while the original-source exception should be interpreted broadly. In a groundbreaking decision, the Seventh Circuit held in United States ex rel. Leveski v. ITT Educational Services, Inc.,2 that a prior lawsuit against a defendant for the same claim should not trigger the public-disclosure bar when the later lawsuit discloses a different fraud scheme from the one alleged in the earlier lawsuit. A contrary ruling would have largely insulated fraudsters from FCA liability when they alter their method of committing fraud.


As quantum computers approach the fault tolerance threshold, diagnosing and characterizing the noise on large scale quantum devices is increasingly important. One of the most important classes of noise channels is the class of Pauli channels, for reasons of both theoretical tractability and experimental relevance. Here we present a practical algorithm for estimating the $s$ nonzero Pauli error rates in an $s$-sparse, $n$-qubit Pauli noise channel, or more generally the $s$ largest Pauli error rates. The algorithm comes with rigorous recovery guarantees and uses only $O(n^2)$ measurements, $O(s n^2)$ classical processing time, and Clifford quantum circuits. We experimentally validate a heuristic version of the algorithm that uses simplified Clifford circuits on data from an IBM 14-qubit superconducting device and our open source implementation. These data show that accurate and precise estimation of the probability of arbitrary-weight Pauli errors is possible even when the signal is two orders of magnitude below the measurement noise floor.


This state-of-the-art survey serves as a complete overview of the subject. Besides the principles and theoretical foundations, emphasis is laid on practical applicability -describing not only classical methods, but also modern developments and their applications. Students, researchers and practitioners, especially in the fields of data registration, treatment and evaluation, will find this a wealth of information.... Download ebook, read file pdf With 23 Tables


Copolymers of (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid ((R)-3HB) and 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid (6HH) with a wide range of compositions varying from 11 to 91 mol % 6HH were synthesized by the ring-opening polymerization of (R)-β-butyrolactone with e-caprolactone at various feed ratios in the presence of 1-ethoxy-3-chlorotetrabutyldistannoxane as a catalyst. The structure and physical properties of P[(R)-3HB-co-6HH] were characterized by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and optical microscopy. The copolyesters were shown to have a random sequence distribution of (R)-3HB and 6HH monomeric units. The glass-transition temperature of P[(R)-3HB-co-6HH] decreased linearly from +4 to -67 °C as the 6HH composition was increased from 0 to 100 mol %. The melting temperature of P[(R)-3HB-co-6HH] samples decreased from 179 to 48 °C as the 6HH fraction was increased from 0 to 43 mol %. Then, the melting temperature of the copolyester increased from 36 to 60 °C with an increase in the 6HH fraction from 81 to 100 mol %. The degree of X-ray crystallinity of solvent-cast copolyester films decreased from 62 to 18% as the 6HH composition was increased from 0 to 43 mol %, and the copolyesters showed a P[(R)-3HB] crystal lattice. On the other hand, the X-ray crystallinities of copolymers with 6HH fractions of 81-100 mol % increased from 31 to 55% with the 6HH fraction, and those samples showed a P(6HH) crystal lattice. The P[(R)-3HB-co-6HH] samples with 53-70 mol % 6HH were amorphous polymers. Enzymatic degradations of P[(R)-3HB-co-6HH] films were carried out at 25 °C in 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) in the presence of PHB depolymerase purified from Alcaligenes faecalis or of lipase from Rhizopus delemar. The rates of enzymatic degradation by PHB depolymerase of copolymer films ranging from 11 to 43 mol % 6HH were higher than that of bacterial P[(R)-3HB] film. The highest rate of enzymatic hydrolysis by PHB depolymerase was observed at 11 mol % 6HH. Little erosion was observed for the copolyester films ranging in 6HH fractions from 53 to 100 mol %. In contrast, the weight loss profile of P[(R)-3HB-co-6HH] films with a lipase showed a trend in the copolymer composition opposite to that of a PHB depolymerase. The highest rate of enzymatic hydrolysis by lipase was observed at 91 mol % 6HH. HPLC analysis of the water-soluble products liberated during the enzymatic degradation of copolymer films showed a mixture of monomers, dimers, and trimer of (R)-3HB and 6HH units. A model for the enzymatic hydrolysis of the polyester chain by PHB depolymerase was proposed on the basis of the results.


We propose a novel version and implementation of the Policy-based Authority Evaluation Scheme (PAES) to protect data disseminated amongst the responders to an emergency situation when no network connectivity is available. In such situations Delay Tolerant Networks (DTN) are used to disseminate the data by exploiting the peers' mobility in the area. However, existing DTN protection models require recipients to be known in advance. In emergency situations the data may instead be received by unknown responders who might need it while carrying out their duties. Existing data dissemination solutions such Enterprise Rights Management (ERM) systems rely on centralized architectures where recipients must contact the authorities that can grant access to data. Such centralized solutions cannot be deployed when connectivity cannot be guaranteed. Our solution combines data protection schemes such as ERM systems with DTNs. The result allows us to implement a distributed policy evaluation procedure for DTNs. Simulations demonstrate that the approach permits recipients to obtain fast access to protected data even when no authority can be contacted. This is particularly important in crisis situations where timely access to data is necessary.


In this paper, we analyze a dynamic object manipulation (DOM) problem; throwing upward and catching a disc using two planar manipulators. The manipulators control the disc xy position dynamically and use its angular movement as a free parameter. We use a simple model for the system. Each manipulator has three links and three active joints. In addition, the disc has considerable radius and mass. Therefore, we design a simple mechanism in the palm to damp a portion of the impact


In recent years, attention has been devoted to fishery management problems that arise because capital embodied in fishing fleets is often nonmalleable, having few if any alternative uses. This problem of irreversible investment was analyzed by Clark et al. (1979), using a deterministic model. In reality, however, most investment decisions must be made within an uncertain environment. This paper describes recent efforts to account for uncertainty in analyzing the problem of optimal fishery investment, where the uncertainty is caused by stochastic variability in the resource stock from year to year.


In an island population off the coast of Norway only one case of cancer of the cervix was diagnosed in a 9‐year period. Seven cases would have been expected on the basis of rates for Norway as a whole. Sexual customs and conditions that may have relevance are described.


Thesis in Business Administration, Gothenburg School of Economics and Commercial Law, Financial Accounting and Analysis of Corporations, Master Thesis, Autumn 2003 Authors: Anders Axelsson and Karl Johansson Tutor: Marcia Halvorsen Title: Auditing risks in transition economies – A study in the post-socialist auditing environment Problem area: When preparing financial reports of entities in transition economies certain problems arise that are solely a product of the past economic system and hence an situation which exists only in the states that are going through a transition from a planned to a market economy. The problem area of this thesis is from the auditor's perspective when preparing the financial reports. The thesis will analyse how the old – the Soviet socialist – system of reporting has influenced the new. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the specific auditing problems that the former Soviet type planned economy has caused. The study will identify the fundamental differences and the liabilities of a transition from a planned to a market economy. Delimitation: This research will not focus on the political transition or the macro economic changes and the resulting benefits from a sound financial reporting system. The thesis will rather look at the problems from an auditor's perspective and the factors which he or she may consider important. Method: The primary research is carried out as a qualitative study by means of four interviews with accountants and a researcher who have relevant experience. The empirical study has been analysed with reference to the theoretical framework. Conclusions: It has been concluded that there exist two categories of auditing problems in the transition economies. Category one represents those problems which are directly linked to the legacy of the old system such as the old accounting procedures and the insufficient internal control systems. Category two represents those problems which are more a product of the transition from a planned to a market economy. These problems include the economics of transition, legal aspects, and the neglect of the 'going concern' principle to name a few. Recommended future research: The authors recommend future research to be carried out in two areas which have been mentioned in this thesis. Firstly, the authors recommend a study concerning if detail tests have become more common or important since the recent accounting and auditing scandals. Secondly, the authors recommend future studies to determine how a sound financial reporting system would benefit and encourage the transition from a planned to a market economy.


Along with the development of the Internet and the information technology, the interest on big data that analyze large-scale data such as information about website traffic is increasing in various fields. Generally, big data is defined as new technology that is devised to create values effectively by going over the previous function of existing information system such as collecting, storing, analyzing, and providing service (Warden 2011). Including the field of R&D, various public institutions and many industrial fields are extracting meaningful information through collection and analysis of numerous data, and make attempts to solve various problems in this way (Park 2013). Like this, the interest on big data is increasing, many fields are utilizing big data, and the properties of web traffic are playing important roles as factors that evaluate the utilization value of websites or the value of Internet corporations. According to the Gartner group, 75% of business websites need new changes because they do not fulfill the needs of the users (Christopher, D. 1997). As a result, this research has its purpose in proposing the method of improving websites based on results that were extracted by analyzing the actual user pattern using sessions, which are the web traffics of the website of medical library A, users, page views, pages per session, average session duration, and bounce rate. The research method was to use Google Analytics, the big data analysis tool, for six months, from April 1st,2014, to September 30th , 2014, in or der to analyze 80 pre-defined visual reports of medical library A in Seoul. The following is the user pattern of web traffic of the website of the medical library. First, in general characteristics, men, with 56.37%, showed higher rate of 12.74% that of women with 43.63%, and the main user age was from mid-twenties to mid-forties (62.06%). The location was mainly in South Korea, with 97.83%, and, in South Korea, it was 80.55% in Seoul and 6.23% in Ulsan. Also, some people in the United States accessed the website with the rate of 1.59%. Therefore, there seems to be a need to add multi-lingual functions later. Second, as a result of analyzing the device access of user environment, there seems to be a need to divide the web traffic into desktop and mobile, make an extra website for mobile, and to increase the readability according to physical devices. Third, having regular website updates and maintenance through visit status information in weekends will minimize the inconveniences of the users. Fourth, for inflow route, the main inflow medium should not be through search engine. The inflow stage should be shortened by making a direct URL address that is easy to be remembered and to design the access through connection links from hospital or college websites. Finally, as a result of analyzing the website and seeing that the main thing that users of medical library website want is electronic academic journal, there seems to be a need to have more rich contents and consistent quality maintenance. So far, as a foundation for research that uses big data, this study systematically proposed the website improvement method using the issues that were extracted through the analysis of actual user pattern of the website of medical library A.


ALL SUBSTATIONS and switching stations for the Reading suburban electrification are non-attended and are operated by supervisory control. The supervisory control system provides the dispatcher with the following operating features.


Description Ineffective or outdated requirements could undermine trust, some vaccine researchers say Ineffective or outdated requirements could undermine trust, some vaccine researchers say


Law No. 32 Year 2004 on Regional Government , gives broad authority to autonomous regions to organize Regional Government . With such authority , giving an opportunity for the region to explore and exploit all the potential that exists for the welfare of the people . In contrast with broad authority , also open opportunities for abuse of governmental authority , thus requiring supervision. With this research conducted , in hope will provide more advanced impact on the concept of financial management oversight by the Regional Chief and Council , so the possibilities are not in want will be solved as soon as possible . The method used in this study is a research method that uses normative law approach and conceptual approach , by conducting periodic review - review of the regulations in order to answer the law or which deals with issues that are relevant to the subject . Based on research conducted found : a. The shape of the Parliament supervision of financial management in achieving good local governance . b . Factors that constrain the supervision of Parliament for the area of financial management.


We combine an N-body simulation algorithm with a subgrid treatment of galaxy formation, mergers, and tidal destruction, and an observed conditional luminosity function Φ(L|M), to study the origin and evolution of galactic and extragalactic light inside a cosmological volume of size (100 Mpc)3, in a concordance ΛCDM model. This algorithm simulates the growth of large-scale structures and the formation of clusters, the evolution of the galaxy population in clusters, the destruction of galaxies by mergers and tides, and the evolution of the intracluster light (ICL). We find that destruction of galaxies by mergers dominates over destruction by tides by about an order of magnitude at all redshifts. However, tidal destruction is sufficient to produce ICL fractions fICL that are sufficiently high to match observations. Our simulation produces 18 massive clusters (Mcl > 1014 M☉) with values of fICL ranging from 1% to 58% at z = 0. There is a weak trend of fICL to increase with cluster mass. The bulk of the ICL (∼60%) is provided by intermediate galaxies of total masses 1011–1012 M☉ and stellar masses 6 × 108 M☉ to 3 × 1010 M☉ that were tidally destroyed by even more massive galaxies. The contribution of low-mass galaxies to the ICL is small and the contribution of dwarf galaxies is negligible, even though, by numbers, most galaxies that are tidally destroyed are dwarfs. Tracking clusters back in time, we find that their values of fICL tend to increase over time, but can experience sudden changes that are sometimes non-monotonic. These changes occur during major mergers involving clusters of comparable masses but very different intracluster luminosities. Most of the tidal destruction events take place in the central regions of clusters. As a result, the ICL is more centrally concentrated than the galactic light. Our results support tidal destruction of intermediate-mass galaxies as a plausible scenario for the origin of the ICL.


The fauna of Iranian Melyridae, Prionoceridae and Trogossitidae (Coleoptera: Cleroidea) is discussed in this paper. In total 13 species of Melyridae from 3 genera Anthodromius Redtenbacher, Cerallus Jacquelin du Val and Melyris Fabricius, one species of Prionoceridae and one species of Trogossitidae are listed as the fauna of Iran. Cerallus pilosus Reitter, 1889 (Melyridae) and Nemozoma elongatum Linnaeus, 1761 (Trogossitidae) are new records for the fauna of Iran.


Rotylenchulus renijbrmis has recently emerged as widely distributed and dominant pest of Mentha spicata. Pathogenicity experiment indicated severe reduction in plant weight, oil yield, limonene content in oil, and leaf chlorophyllltotal sugarlphenol content of spearmint cv. MSS-5 due to nematode infection. Leaf-stem ratio was less suppressed, while carvone content in oil was increased. Nematode transmission through infected planting material was minimized by exposure to sunlight and dipping it in 0.1% carbofuran solution for one hour. Pre-transplant treatment with carbofuran, phorate, neem seed powder, neem cake and Trichoderma harzianum effectively reduced the nematode and enhanced plant growth and oil yield.


A luggage system for use in a vehicle luggage compartment having a luggage compartment floor, includes a movable luggage shelf (26) defining a substantially horizontal luggage carrying surface, and means for moving the luggage shelf between a first shelf position in which the shelf is at a first lower height and a second shelf position in which the shelf is at an elevated height above the first height. Luggage can be placed conveniently on the luggage carrying surface of the shelf in both the first and second shelf positions. Luggage may also be placed on the compartment floor below the shelf when it is in an elevated position. A pivoting mechanism (34) allows movement between the first and second positions. The shelf may also be removed from the luggage compartment by detaching from the pivoting lingage (34).


The subject of this contribution was suggested to me by Prof. Michel Paty. Since he knows I am interested in the logical and philosophical implications of the problem related to the concepts of identity and individuality in quantum physics, he suggested me to write something about Einstein's contributions to this topic. Thus, in this paper, I make a brief revision on the related topics and concepts involved in such a problematic, so as advance some directions which have been touched by me and colleagues in a series of works.


There are two facts which are closely connected with the present I condition of the Alps—(1) that the rainfall on the Alpine slopes on the Italian side of the watershed, as a rule, is heavier than that on the other side, and (2) that the valleys also are steeper. It is indeed true that the distance from the watershed of the Central Pennines to the lakes on either side, north or south, is not very different, but the level of those on the latter is some 700 feet below that of those on the northern. This difference of level is especially marked in the upper part of the valleys, places correspondingly situated being always lower on the southern than on the northern face; for instance, Zermatt is rather above Macugnaga, but as the crow flies it is more than double the distance from the watershed.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) on radiologists' performance for the detection of lung nodules on thoracic CT scans. Our computer system was designed using an independent training set of 94 CT scans in our laboratory. The data set for the observer performance study consisted of 48 CT scans. Twenty scans were collected from patient files at the University of Michigan, and 28 scans by the Lung Imaging Database Consortium (LIDC). All scans were read by multiple experienced thoracic radiologists to determine the true nodule locations, defined as any region identified by one or more expert radiologists as containing a nodule larger than 3 mm in diameter. Eighteen CT examinations were nodule-free, while the remaining 30 CT examinations contained a total of 73 nodules having a median size of 5.5 mm (range 3.0-36.4 mm). Four other study radiologists read the CT scans first without and then with CAD, and provided likelihood of nodule ratings for suspicious regions. Two of the study radiologists were fellowship trained in cardiothoracic radiology, and two were cardiothoracic radiology fellows. Freeresponse receiver-operating characteristic (FROC) curves were used to compare the two reading conditions. The computer system had a sensitivity of 79% (58/73) with an average of 4.9 marks per normal scan (88/18). Jackknife alternative FROC (JAFROC) analysis indicated that the improvement with CAD was statistically significant (p=0.03).


A community within a shared geographical location is usually referred as a "local community". However, it is difficult to measure boundaries of local communities due to the complex of modern life. In this paper, we propose a new sociological term, as "Individual's Local Community (ILC)", which addresses on the unique environment of each individual. ILC is designed as the smallest measurable unit crossover local communities. An android-based mobile application is developed to collect and demonstrate ILC in certain period. To extend the concept, one resident's risk to be involved into crime incidents is evaluated by estimated values based on "stable" ILC and historical crime records. The evaluation system is developed as a mobile app, named as "Are You Safe". The application contains local crime maps and a GPS tracking component. Mathematical formulas are developed to evaluate the potential risk. Furthermore, a re-routing function is provided for "safer" ILC. The prototype of "Are You Safe" app is implemented and tested on a city in northwestern Pennsylvania, United States. We believe the ILC concept will enrich the study of Personal Big Data and enable us to study social science in a different level. Also the app will help residents to have a better understanding on their environment.


The Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific (SSC Pacific) is currently researching the use of hydrokinetic oscillators to generate power for remote ocean systems. These cylinder oscillators would harness the same Flow Induced Vibration (FIV) mechanisms that often lead to annoying perturbations, flow noise and sometimes structural failures in offshore structures, cables, and heat exchanger tubes. A Yr 1 hydrokinetic oscillator was developed to demonstrate undersea energy harvesting in 1 m/s flows with flow induced vibrations (FIV) imparted on a cantilevered cylinder (200 mm × 12.7 mm dia). The program goal is to combine a compact cylinder oscillator with an SSC Pacific Kinetic Energy Harvester (KEH) that operates at 10 – 15 Hz and which could output 200 to 700 mW power if exposed to 1 – 2 g-rms vibrations. Midterm Yr 1 tests were conducted on a 12.7 mm diameter cylinder and KEH mockup in 0.6 m/s flow and resulted in 8 Hz oscillation frequencies with 1 – 2 g accelerations. Further testing with other cylinder configurations and flow speeds will be conducted in Fall 2011 at the Scripps Institute of Oceanography Stratified Flow Channel in La Jolla, CA.


For Contemporary Pediatrics, Dr Bobby Lazzara discusses the draft statement from the US Preventive Services Task Force on the need to refer pregnant women at risk of perinatal depression to appropriate counseling.


Considering five parameters of power quality, a digital acquisition board used for power quality detection is developed. Employing DSP technology and PCI bus architecture, the proposed board can collect and process data in real time. This board uses two chips, six channels A/D converter and phase locking synchronous technology for collecting three-phase voltage and current signals in timing and equal-time cycle sampling ways, and the gained data make more reasonable for power quality norm analysis. Finally this paper, briefly introduces utilization of C language to program DSP routine, and the technique of programming PCI device driver.


The paper presents a framework of intelligent data mining based on t he layer model. It consists of multi-layers of concepts, problem identifying lay er, task layer, adaptive layer and user layer. With the framework, it sets up an intelligent data mining model, which consists of four layers and eleven parts. Of it, central control unit and selection assistant and database interface and f unction coupler make up an intelligent middleware.


A microbiological 1alpha-hydroxylation of norethisterone is described. The conversion of norethisterone into its 1alpha-hydroxyl derivative 1alpha17beta-dihydroxy-17-ethynyl-4-estren-3-one was accomplished by the microorganisms Acremonium strictum and Acremonium kiliense. Ultraviolet and infrared spectra proton magnetic resonance spectrum mass spectrum optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism were methods employed in establishing the structure and sterochemistry of the products. The 1alpha-hydroxyl group was shown to be axially oriented in the preferred normal half-chair ring A configuration. Since no detectable changes in the coupling parameters resulted with acetylation of the hydroxyl group it was assumed that the conformational "purity" of this form must be fairly high.


The adoption of surface mount technology has provided many competitive advantages for the electronics industry. Smaller, lighter, and more efficient packages create better products for consumers, but new manufacturing problems are created through the adoption of new technology. Inspection and verification systems are employed to prevent known defective parts from reaching consumers, but not all future reliability problems can be identified through traditional inspection methods. In multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs), flex cracks can be created during manufacturing. However, traditional online and offline inspection methods have been unable to consistently identify these defects. The location and orientation of the cracks, perpendicular to the printed wiring board (PWB) and obscured by the MLCCs end metallization for solder connection, makes detection using immersion ultrasound or x-ray inspection difficult. The metallization occludes the ability of these methods to image the defect. Therefore, a new inspection technique is required to identify these defects. A laser-generated ultrasonic system has been designed and constructed to meet the need of a noncontact, nondestructive, fast, and accurate system for identifying defects in a laboratory environment, as well as on the manufacturing fine. The system consists of a pulsed infrared laser that excites samples of both an 0805, 10 /spl mu/F, 6.3 V, X5R and an 0603, X5R, 6.3 V, 1 /spl mu/F, MLCC, both having square cross sections, into small-amplitude structural vibration after attachment to the PWB through the process of laser-generated ultrasound. An interferometer, sampled with a synchronized data acquisition system, records the structural impulse response of the MLCC. Monitoring the impulse response for changes indicates changes in the structure of the device. Several MLCC samples were prepared and mounted on PWBs, and some of them were intentionally flexed until a loss of insulation resistance was recorded, indicating the presence of a flex crack. Measurements were taken on the as-manufactured and flexed-to-failure samples. The test results contained in part I were obtained with 0805 MLCC samples with rectangular cross sections, which are less stiff than MLCCs with square cross sections. These results indicated potential for success using the method described here to identify flex cracks. These results indicated potential for success using the method described here to identify flex cracks. The current results also indicate that the laser ultrasonic system could be used to detect flex cracks in 0805 MLCCs with a square cross section and in the smaller 0603 package configuration with a square cross section. Classification of the capacitors requires a reduction in the variance of the error ratio values, so an average of the values computed in comparison with each of the reference devices is implemented.


The recombinant protein was induced by transforming recombinant plasmid p ET-32a(+)-Ara h 2.02 into Rosetta(DE3),and identified by SDS—PAGE and Western Blotting.The results showed that the molecule weight of His-Ara h 2.02 fusion protein was about 38 k Da.At the same time,effect of IPTG concentration,shaking speed,induced temperature and time on the production of soluble recombinant protein were determined.The best conditions were as followed,the IPTG concentration was 0.3 mmol / L,the shaking speed was 220 r / min,the induction temperature was 37 ℃ and the induction time was two hours,respectively.


When I think of the late Fred Salsman, a fixture at the Senior Center for many years, an expression he often used when he greeted me comes to mind. Fred would look at me mischievously, cock his head to one side, and say, "Well, is anything all right?" The rest of the world says "Is everything all right?" but not Fred. He wanted to know if anything Was okay.


With more and more attention being paid to anti-shock of the warship by many country's navy, it is of practical significance to study the anti-shock characteristic of the diesel engine which belongs to the A class facility on warship. Owing to the high price of shock test, simulation combined with partial shock test methods are adopted by many countries to ensure the facility's anti-shock performance. A numeric virtual platform of TBD234V6 diesel engine generator set is built by means of software MSC.ADAMS and four machine feet of the diesel engine are modeled flexibly. The virtual shock test of the generator set is conducted on this platform according to the German shock standard BV043/85 and anti-shock performance limits of the machine feet is obtained. Hammer experiment is also carried out on the real generator set. After the comparison of the simulation results and the experiment results, the deficiency aspects need to be improved are pointed out at last.


Age related cognitive decline is a term reserved for abnormal cognitive function less severe than dementia in person older than 50. It is considered as a prior condition to senile dementia. The term dementia signifies cognitive deterioration so severe that social and occupational functioning of an individual is markedly impaired to such an extent that he can no longer remain a fully independent and productive citizen. As the disease progresses, the personality of an individual also changes and subsequently, social withdrawal take a hold. Advanced dementia is characterized by progressive loss of personality and increasing disability to perform even a simplest task. According to World Health Organization, it is estimated that 5% of men and 6% of women of above 60 years of age affected with Alzheimer's type of dementia worldwide. According to Alzheimer's Disease International there are 35.6 million people living with dementia worldwide in 2010, increasing to 65.7 million by 2030 and 115.4 million by 2050. Degeneration of the cerebral neurons is one of the commonest and important causes of dementia with advancing age which leads to deterioration of quality of life in elderly. Therefore it is of prime importance to curb this progress of cognitive decline before it crosses the threshold to dementia. Ayuveda is full of evidences regarding use of single drugs or formulations in age related cognitive decline. The drugs either mentioned as Medhya rasayanas specifically or other having Medhya activity can be potentially used for prevention and management of age related cognitive decline.


How do we know whether a particular treatment really works? As well as answering this question, the authors state that their book 'will make you think'. It certainly does, and it makes you question, too.


In the paper the author regards the conceptual space as a totality of basic concepts of some culture. The research is based on the analysis of new words that appeared in the time of two pandemic years. The author uses an integrative methodology, that combines characteristics of different culturetypes to characterize German culture as a part of low context cultures; principles of speech act theory to explain new words building; syntactic principles of new words composition that implicate pragmatic sense; description of German culture basic concepts as a semantic and functional field that changes its structure at different times. The comparison of its structure before pandemic and during pandemic shows the changes of basic conceptual fields. The findings are as follows. The main basic concepts of German culture ORDER and its derivate SECURITY form the core of conceptual space. The concepts WORK, EDUCATION and MOBILITY are regarded as instruments for their realization, they round the core. But in pandemic the emotional concept FEAR (ANGST) becomes a big value and moves into conceptual core. It influences rational concepts and their fields change the structure. In the concept ORDER the attention shifts to security and SOCIAL DISTANCING. In the concept SECURITY, nominations of defense means become the core. In instrumental concepts, the FEAR is indicated by some new words that separate some sub concepts. These sub concepts are: in the concept WORK LOCK DOWN, in the concept EDUCATION HOMESCHOOLING, in the concept MOBILITY COCOONING. The findings show the mechanism of conceptual adaptation in crisis situations which is important for peaceful settlement of different conflicts.


In this work we analyse the so-called 'construction inscriptions' from domestic buildings. In particular we deal with the inscriptions from domestic buildings from Tamnaʿ, the ancient capital of the Qatabān Kingdom, dated between the fourth century BC and the first century AD, a building located in the site of Darb aṣ-Ṣābi, near Barāqish, dated around the second century BC and a private house in Qaniya dated around the third–second centuries BC. We offer explanations of the lexical differences in the nouns used to indicate parts of buildings, not in terms of chronology, dialect or linguistic variations and influences, but on the basis of the architectonic and structural data available. Starting from the architectonic features (typologies of domestic buildings, different construction techniques, different uses of materials, etc.) we try to explain the differences in terminology concerning the inscriptions found in buildings known to us.


This research paper focuses on analyzing young entrepreneurial creation models among students in Malang and Pamekasan City. This research was conducted by analyzing the role of business incubators and local business potential in East Java Province in not only reviewing but also developing models for the creation of young entrepreneurs. Several research findings indicate that prospective business activities can be developed in Great Malang and Pamekasan City which are quite diverse to be carried out by entrepreneurs in the region, while in fact the growth of young entrepreneurs is still limited. The potential of the business sector that can be developed by young people in Malang and Pamekasan City can be a means of creating young entrepreneurs. However, there has not been a maximum effort to develop business activities on micro, small or medium scale products. In addition, the local governments and universities have given their role to foster entrepreneurship in community groups including young people, but in reality, it is still not optimal. Finally, the development of models for the creation of young entrepreneurs has been developed through the basic learning of industrial incubators as an integrative framework involving all major actors.


A new method for automatic focusing recognition and thresholding is proposed and implemented on a system consisting of an IBM/PC-XT and a PCVISION-Plus frame grabber. Holograms of a particle field are analyzed using this new method. The results show that this technique is feasible and can be used for automatic analysis of various holograms


Targeted drug delivery systems with minimal potential adverse/side effects are gaining utility in diverse applications. Uses of nanomaterials to design such targeted drug delivery are escalating exponentially. Nevertheless, the biocompatibility of nanomaterials is inadequately addressed. Consequently, among our systematic investigation of putative cytotoxic effects of nanomaterials in mammalian cell types, this study aims to elucidate mechanisms underlying the putative cytotoxic effects of ZnO nanoparticles on hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Our results demonstrate that these nanoparticles exerted dose‐related decreases in survival of HepG2 cells. Findings from flow cytometry analysis and lactate dehydrogenase release assays reveal that the mode of cell death underlying the effects of the nanoparticle was a combination of apoptotic and necrotic cell death, while the percentage of necrotic cells predominated at higher treatment concentrations. Thus, our findings may have pathophysiological implications in biocompatibility of ZnO nanoparticles.


NASA/TM—2018-220041 1 implications of new advanced-core designs. The current report provides a further discussion of the basis for, and a brief summary of, existing semi-empirical methods for the prediction of direct combustor noise.


The purpose of this research was to know and to find out the effect of swell method on the students' achievement in writing narrative paragraph. This study was conducted by experimental research. The population of this study was the students of the XI IPA of SMA N.1 SIBORONGBORONG. The total number of the population was 280 in 7 classes. There were eighty students chosen as the sample. The sample was divided into two groups, namely experimental group and control group. The experimental group was taught by using SWELL Method and control group was taught without SWELL method. The instrument for collecting the data was writing test. The data was analyzed by using t-test formula. The result of the analysis shows that t-observed value is higher than t-table ( > 1.990) at level of significance 0.05 with the degree of freedom 78. It means that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted and null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected. Based on the findings of this study, it was found that there is a significant effect of SWELL Method on students' achievement in writing narrative paragraph. Hence, the writer suggested that the English teacher might consider using SWELL Method as an alternative method in teaching writing


Abstract Dynamic deracemization processes, such as crystallization‐induced diastereomer transformations (CIDTs), offer the opportunity to combine racemization and resolution processes, to provide high yields of enantiomerically pure compounds. To date, few of these processes have incorporated photochemical racemization. By combining batch crystallization with a flow photoreactor for efficient irradiation, it is possible to perform such deracemization in an effective, scalable and high yielding manner. After applying design of experiment (DoE) principles and mathematical modelling, the most efficient parameter set could be identified, leading to excellent results in just 4 h reaction time: isolated yield of 82 % and assay ee of 96 %. Such photochemical racemization methods can serve to open new avenues for preparation of enantiomerically pure functional molecules on both small and industrially‐relevant scales.


The invention relates to an automatic wire feeding system of an automatic laser welding machine. The automatic wire feeding system is matched with a laser head for use. The automatic wire feeding system of the automatic laser welding machine comprises a welding wire drum, a welding wire correcting mechanism, a welding wire straightening mechanism, an air blowing and wire feeding device, a tail end wire feeding speed control mechanism and a control driving unit in sequence, wherein the welding wire drum is provided with a wound welding wire, the welding wire correcting mechanism is used for correcting the welding wire, the tail end wire feeding speed control mechanism is used for precisely controlling the wire feeding speed, the control driving unit is connected with the welding wire correcting mechanism, the welding wire straightening mechanism, the air blowing and wire feeding device and the tail end wire feeding speed control mechanism and is used for controlling the speed, the air blowing and wire feeding device is provided with a wire blowing pipe used for blowing and feeding the welding wire and is connected with a wire feeding hole of the wire blowing pipe, the tail end of the wire blowing pipe is provided with a welding wire outlet end which is fixedly connected with an end laser head, and the port axis of the welding wire outlet end penetrates through a laser condensation welding focus on the optical axis of the laser head. The automatic wire feeding system can be used for automatically conveying the welding wire to a welding point, and operating personnel do not need to convey the welding wire by hand, so that the condition that time and effort are consumed due to the fact that the welding wire is manually and imprecisely conveyed is avoided, the labor cost is reduced, the welding quality is conveniently ensured, and the application range of the laser welding machine is enlarged.


A capable of performing detachment detection lens remains simple communication procedure accessories to provide a camera body and a camera system. In the period to suppress the output operation of the second data signals via the input operation and a fourth accessory contacts A first data signal via a third accessory contacts, the first truth the camera body a fifth accessory contacts corresponding level signal is output, in synchronization with the clock signal inputted to the second accessory contact, an input operation of the first data signal from the camera body through the third accessory contacts, It performs an output operation of the second data signal to the camera body through the fourth accessory contacts, when the operating voltage from the camera body through the first accessory contacts are supplied, the fifth accessory contact 1 accessors and a accessory-side communication control means for the level of a signal corresponding to the truth to control the duration to be output to less than the predetermined time Over. .FIELD 1


PURPOSE: A manufacturing method of electric wiring and a wiring substrate having electric wire manufactured thereby are provided to produce the wire which is easily ready for a large area substrate, a printed circuit board, a display device and an image detector at a low cost without using any vacuum film forming device. CONSTITUTION: An oxide film(42) is formed on an insulating substrate(41) using the wet film forming technology including a soldering-gel method, a chemical precipitation method or a liquid phase precipitation method. Then, the oxide film is patterned on a wiring pattern. A Ni metal film(43) is formed on a pattern(42a) of the oxide film using the wet film forming technology(a wet plating method). In addition, an Au metal film(44) being low in resistance is laminated by the non-electrolytic plating on the Ni metal film, and a Cu metal film(45) being low in resistance is laminated on the Au film at a low cost.


The contamination of archaeological find assemblages at multi-period (and other) sites can sometimes go undetected. In this article we seek to highlight this problem through analysis of the fill of settlement features from a site at Rakovice, South Bohemia, Czech Republic. After a detailed spatial evaluation of different categories of finds, an analysis of plant macroremains, and radiocarbon dating, what had originally appeared to be a clear-cut archaeological situation of the superposition of two features from the Roman and Early Mediaeval periods was shown to be much more complex. This discovery confirmed the value of a multi-disciplinary approach and especially of radiocarbon dating even in apparently simple contexts. What we are especially concerned about is the risk of assigning particular periods to multi-period sites that have been insufficiently radiocarbon dated. IANSA 2020 ● XI/1 ● 21–31 Tereza Šálková, Tomáš Hiltscher, Dagmar Dreslerová, Lenka Kovačiková, Jaroslav Jiřík: The Benefits of Using Radiocarbon Dating and an Interdisciplinary Approach for Identifying Contamination of Archaeological Find Assemblages. A Case Study from the Multi-period Settlement Site at Rakovice, Czech Republic 22 In this article we aim to demonstrate that: (a) the earlier residuality and later intrusion of plant remains can be crucial for archaeological interpretation even in a situation that appears stratigraphically clear and in which each archaeological feature comprises only artefacts (mostly ceramics) dated to specific periods; (b) the true formation history and "contamination" cannot be recognized without radiocarbon dating of several specimens and without detailed knowledge of the local archaeology and the spectrum of plants cultivated in a particular period. Our objective is to highlight the dangers of unrecognized contamination and the subsequent misinterpretation of archaeological contexts, and to suggest that such contamination can only be revealed by a multi-disciplinary approach and by including radiocarbon


A number of actually small towns refer to promotion of tourism as one of the main priorities of their development programmes. After the Czech Republic became a member of the European Union, the position of tourism in development of regions has strengthened considerably, together with desirable progress in preservation and use of cultural heritage and improvement in local budgets. The article deals with a particular case of reconstructed Jewish objects in a small town and problems concerning possibilities of their future and appropriate use.


Self-forgiveness is a process in which emotions, thoughts, and behaviours towards oneself are changed from negative to neutral or positive.. In this study, we examined affectivity and emotional control (of anger, depression, anxiety) as emotional factors promoting or discouraging self-forgiveness. We examined self-forgiveness among Polish adults (N = 380, Mage = 36.26). Respondents completed the Polish version of the Positive Affect Negative Affect Scale, the Courtauld Emotional Control Scale (CECS), and the self-forgiveness subscale of Touissant's Forgiveness Scale. In our cross-sectional study, we tested the moderating role of emotional control in the relationship between affectivity and self-forgiveness. Our results showed that positive affect was positively correlated with self-forgiveness, whereas negative affect was inversely correlated with self-forgiveness. Additionally, emotional control (anger, depression) was negatively correlated with self-forgiveness. Finally, total control of emotions and control of anger were found to be buffers between negative affect and self-forgiveness, the effect of negative affect on self-forgiveness being weaker among individuals who were more anger-controlling. The obtained results are a prelude to further research into the relationship between affectivity and self-forgiveness.


Abstract The aim of the research was to analyze information about Covid-19 as it relates to religion in a fundamentalist Catholic periodical and to point out places in the articles that are not supported by scientific facts. We also examined whether the Covid-19 information found contained some coping strategies to deal with the pandemic situation. The object of the study was the Czech monthly Regina in the year 2020. Thematic analysis was used as a method. Two main themes were found – Trivialization and Combat between Good and Evil. At first, the disease was underestimated, from the September issue it was presented as a sign of the end times. The theme of Trivialization was divided into two subthemes: Exaggerated restrictions and Covid-19 is not the only problem of mankind. This theme was assigned to coping strategy Denial. The theme of Combat between Good and Evil was divided into three subthemes: Sign of the End Times, Evil's quest to establish a new world order, and Vaccination breaks the relationship with God. This theme was assigned to a coping strategy Marking Religious Boundaries. The texts possessed much unfounded information stimulating fear and anxiety instead of active coping strategies to promote the reader's hope of improving the epidemiological situation.


The main purpose of this study was to clarify the speciation and taxonomic status of European representatives of Lilium sect. Liriotypus (Lilium albanicum, L. bosniacum, L. bulbiferum, L. candidum, L. carniolicum, L. chalcedonicum, L. jankae, L. pomponium, L. rhodopaeum, L. pyrenaicum) based on karyotype differentiation. Clear interspecific differentiation was revealed among karyotypes of these taxa using fluorochrome (chromomycin and DAPI) bandings, fluorescent in situ hybridization and silver staining. Differences were evident in the number and position of CMA and DAPI bands and in the number, position and activity of 18S-26S and 5S rDNA genes. It is hypothesized that the type species of Lilium sect. Liriotypus, L. candidum, repre- sents the ancestral species from which three evolutionary directions diverged: the first towards L. chalcedonicum, the second towards L. rhodopaeum, and the third towards L. albanicum. The radiation process expanded from L. albanicum, beyond the southeast to the central Dinaric Alps where L. bosniacum is strongly represented. Furthermore, L. carniolicum evolved from northwestern populations of L. bosniacum. According to this evolutionary hypothesis, L. pomponium and L. pyrenaicum would be the youngest species.


Welcome to our LibGuide! What will we find today? Grade Ones at Forest Grove explore the world of Flat Stanley. Come learn with us.


The aim of this study was to examine the influence between attitudes, awareness and environment on the purchasing intentions of Beauty Therapy and Spa students on halal cosmetic products at Sungai Petani Community College. In the study, the questionnaire used to collect data from 87 respondents comprising Certificate and Diploma in Beauty Therapy and Spa students. The data collected was analyzed using a Pearson Correlation and multiple regression analysis. The findings have shown that attitudes, awareness, and environment have no significant influence on the purchasing intentions of Beauty Therapy and Spa students on halal cosmetic products. The implication of this study is for Beauty Therapy and Spa students who use cosmetic products, industries or organizations involved in producing halal cosmetic products. Finally, for further studies, researchers can also include other independent variables such as price, product quality, and ease of purchase into the research so that researchers can study more about the purchasing intentions of Beauty Therapy and Spa students on halal cosmetic products through these factors.


The state of Oregon claimed victory at the district court stage of its battle with the federal government, over which authority ultimately decides what constitutes the legitimate practice of medicine, in using drugs classified as "Schedule II" under the Controlled Substances Act (CSA), (21 U.S.C. § 801 et seq.). In November 2001, U.S. Attorney General John Ashcroft authorized the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) to take action against doctors who prescribe lethal drugs for terminally ill patients, including those in Oregon who conform to the state's voter-affirmed Death with Dignity Act, which legalizes physician-assisted suicide. The following day, the Oregon attorney general filed a complaint in federal district court challenging Ashcroft's action as exceeding statutory authority and usurping powers reserved to the states by the 10th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution (see JCE 12, no. 4, pp. 418-9). The district court quickly granted a temporary injunction against giving legal effect to Ashcroft's directive and held a full hearing in March 2002. The court issued its ruling in April. Emphasizing the U.S. Supreme Court's deference to policy choices made by state citizens in Washington v. Glucksberg (521 U.S. 702, 1997), the district court found the CSA dispositive and avoided constitutional analysis. The court found that the CSA and other federal laws do not grant explicit or intended authority to the attorney general or the DEA to define what constitutes the legitimate practice of medicine, thus, the court held that Ashcroft's directive exceeds the authority delegated to the federal government under the CSA. Analysts ultimately expect the U.S. Supreme Court to hear the issue, but the Attorney General's Office has not yet announced a decision to appeal.


Annual planning report recording the officer's charge, project descriptions, goals, and objectives for the coming year, submitted by the councilor of NMRT on October 28, 2019.


A potentially tetradentate NOOO donor hydrazone ligand, LH2 (condensation product of benzhydrazide with O-vanillin) generates a tetranuclear CuII complex [Cu4(L)4]·4H2O (1), whose void spaces are occupied by water tetramers presenting a 'butterfly' conformation with the highest dihedral angle reported to date, as revealed by its X-ray crystal structure. 1 has also been characterized using various spectroscopic techniques, including IR, UV-vis, and elemental analysis. Variable temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal the presence of moderate antiferromagnetic intra-tetramer coupling between the four CuII centres connected through simple oxo groups of the hydrazone ligand with two different coupling constants (J1 = –61.7(3) cm–1 and J2 = –92(1) cm–1) corresponding to the two different CuII tetramers identified in the X-ray structure. We also report a quantum chemical study (MP2(full)/6–311+G(3df,2p)//B3LYP/6–311+G(3df,2p)) to calculate the stability of the water tetramers.


In a system combining a power generation apparatus and a desalination apparatus, the power generation apparatus includes a circulation circuit in which a first heat exchanger, an expander, a second heat exchanger having a space and used for evaporating seawater and generating water vapor, and a working medium pump are connected in series, and a power generator. The desalination apparatus includes a suction pump for suctioning a gas in the space, a control device for driving the suction pump in such a manner that an atmospheric pressure in the space becomes a saturated water vapor pressure, a condenser for condensing the water vapor led from the space, and a sweet water storage tank for storing sweet water (W) condensed in the condenser.


Introduction and objectives Despite differences in actuator resistance between pressurised metered dose inhalers (pMDIs), 'inhale deeply and slowly' remains universally recommended for drug delivery. Training aids to tutor inspiratory flow rate are vulnerable to resistance effects and can lead to patient error under a misconception of corrected technique. Actuator mouthpiece design can also limit availability of suitable training devices. Using the Flutiform low-resistance pMDI (Napp Laboratories Ltd), we describe here the development and testing of a suitable training aid based on the audible tone Flo-Tone trainer (Clement Clarke). Methods Flutiform 5 µg formoterol fumarate/125 µg fluticasone propionate (4.5/115 µg ex-actuator respectively) was assessed via the Next Generation Impactor (NGI) operated at 30 L/min, alone, and together with machined (Ma) or moulded (Mo) mouthpiece adaptors attached to the commercially available Flo-Tone (FTc), anti-static plastic Flo-Tone (FTas), or an abbreviated version (FTab). All least three replicates of each were completed. Drug recovery (µg) from the actuator, adaptor, Flo-Tone, induction port and NGI was determined. The key aerosol performance parameters Fine Particle Fraction (FPF,% <5 µm) and Fine Particle Dose (FPD, µg <5 µm) were determined. Results Formoterol and fluticasone drug delivery data trends were the same. Here we report the fluticasone data. Drug mass recovery (Figure 1) indicated that the moulded mouthpiece adaptor with abbreviated Flo-Tone (Mo-FTab) approximated most closely to Flutiform drug delivery without a training aid. All prototypes showed reduced throat (induction port) deposition. FPF% and FPD µg data for all prototypes, respectively, were: Flutiform alone, 44.8, 46.9; Ma1-FTc, 36.7, 37.3; Ma2-FTc, 33.1, 34.5; Mo-FTc, 36.0, 38.0; Mo-FTas, 34.4, 36.9; and Mo-FTab, 44.6, 46.4.Abstract M32 Figure 1 The deposition profile of Fluticasone within test components, mean values ± SD Conclusions This process has shown that it is possible to tailor an existing audible training aid to a specific pMDI, enabling an audible training tone at an appropriate inspiratory flow rate without drug delivery compromise. We are currently extending this design-development research to create a standardised device suitable for a range of pMDIs in popular use and that vary in actuator resistance.


Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with no satisfactory treatment to date. In this study, we tested whether the combined inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) may results in a better control of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The impact of the concomitant HDAC and COX-2 inhibition on cell growth, apoptosis and cell cycle was assessed first in vitro on human pancreas BxPC-3, PANC-1 or CFPAC-1 cells treated with chemical inhibitors (SAHA, MS-275 and celecoxib) or HDAC1/2/3/7 siRNA. To test the potential antitumoral activity of this combination in vivo, we have developed and characterized, a refined chick chorioallantoic membrane tumor model that histologically and proteomically mimics human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The combination of HDAC1/3 and COX-2 inhibition significantly impaired proliferation of BxPC-3 cells in vitro and stalled entirely the BxPC-3 cells tumor growth onto the chorioallantoic membrane in vivo. The combination was more effective than either drug used alone. Consistently, we showed that both HDAC1 and HDAC3 inhibition induced the expression of COX-2 via the NF-kB pathway. Our data demonstrate, for the first time in a Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) model, a significant action of HDAC and COX-2 inhibitors on cancer cell growth, which sets the basis for the development of potentially effective new combinatory therapies for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients. Citation: Peulen O, Gonzalez A, Peixoto P, Turtoi A, Mottet D, et al. (2013) The Anti-Tumor Effect of HDAC Inhibition in a Human Pancreas Cancer Model Is Significantly Improved by the Simultaneous Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase 2. PLoS ONE 8(9): e75102. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0075102 Editor: Guenter Schneider, Technische Universität München, Germany Received May 7, 2013; Accepted August 12, 2013; Published September 11, 2013 Copyright: 2013 Peulen et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was supported by the Belgium National Fund for Scientific Research (http://www.frs-fnrs.be) and Télévie; the Centre Anti-Cancéreux près de l'Université de Liège (http://www.cac.ulg.ac.be). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. A. Gonzalez is a Télévie fellow. A. Turtoi and D. Mottet are respectively Postdoctoral Researcher and Research Associate at the Belgium National Fund for Scientific Research. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com . These authors contributed equally to this work.


Yuan Guoping is one of the leaders who were engaged in Army-Political Work in most early time in our Party. During the long-time practice of Army-Political Work, Yuan Guoping advanced from immaturity to maturity and formed a set of Thoughts and Methods of Political Work gradually, which have extensive contents and distinct characteristic. This does indelible contribution to the construction of our Army-Political Work and has important consultative meanings for the construction of Army-Political Work in the new period.


In a particular embodiment, the apparatus is arranged to perform the epithelial removal means comprises a laser and a control computer. The pulsed laser apparatus may have the laser pulses by using a short radiation epithelium and Bowman's eye layer was separated. The pulsed laser apparatus comprising a laser radiation point is controllable control member. Computer control means controlling the controllable pulsed laser radiation to a focused one or more layers of the epithelium of the epithelial cells, to light-induced destruction of at least a portion of the epithelial layer.


In 1932, Freud affirmed that psychoanalysis shares a Weltanschauung, a scientific "world view", wagering that science would sustain a more befitting position with the helplessness that structures human condition. The present article aims to discuss the possibility of the recognition and sustainment of helplessness as an ethical guidance proposed by Freud for the treatment of the neurotic symptom and for the culture, as opposed to the "religious" way science is conveyed in our current social bond.


Methyl alcohol poisoning is rare and may be secondary to suicide attempts, accidents and is also caused by endemic poisonings. It has severe consequences including death secondary to degradation products of methyl alcohol by alcohol dehydrogenase. We present a case of methyl alcohol poisoning


This article discusses private, informal memorialisation practices that mark scenes and sites of death in public spaces and places. It focuses on changing practices of public visibilities of death and grief – practices that render visible in a semiotic way what would otherwise be invisible or relatively unknown occurrences of death. It argues that roadside memorials and other types of informal public memorials bring to consciousness and signification spaces and places that might otherwise be perceived as death neutral or untouched by death.


Engineering rock mass contains lots of cracks and defects,whose size and distribution form have strong influence on elastic wave propagation.In this paper,wave velocities in basalt specimens with single,two and three prefabricated cracks were measured by using five different frequencies that is 25kHz,50kHz,400kHz,600kHz and 1000kHz.Taking into account the cracks vertical or parallel to the wave propagation direction,the influence of different crack lengths and different crack distributions on elastic wave propagation,the dispersion effect and wave attenuation in basalt were analyzed based on these experimental results.Results show that the included angle between crack direction and wave propagation direction has intensive effect on wave propagation: when the crack direction is vertical to the wave propagation direction,the attenuation effect is most intensive;when the crack direction is parallel to the wave propagation direction,the attenuation affect is minimum.Above results may be helpful for theoretical and numerical analysis of elastic wave propagation in basalt.


The study aims to determine the effect of disclosure of corporate social responsibility (CSRD), dividend policy, and audit committee financial expertise (ACFE) on earnings quality. It uses state ownership as a moderating variable. The population consists of government-linked companies (GLCs) and transportation and logistics sector companies listed on the Malaysia Stock Exchange for the period 2016-2019 by employing a purposive sampling method. The research analysis applies Moderate Regression Analysis (MRA) with the SPSS program. The results showed that CSRD has a positive effect on earnings quality. Meanwhile, dividend policy has a negative effect on earnings quality. Further, state ownership strengthens the relationship between dividend policy and earnings quality. However, ACFE does not affect earnings quality. At last, the moderating effect of government ownership variables is not significant to the relationship between CSRD and earnings quality.


The present invention relates to a method for producing a recombinant protein using a recombinant cell capable of expressing the recombinant protein under the regulation of an inducible promoter, said method comprising culturing the recombinant cell continuously while adding a fresh one of a liquid culture medium to a portion of the liquid culture medium in which the recombinant cell is proliferated, wherein the recombinant cell in which the expression of the recombinant protein is induced is not used repeatedly.


Tunable-laser flash-absorption has recently provided an unprecedented extension of the temperature range over which the rate of the reaction H + O{sub 2} {yields} OH + O has been measured, resolving an 18-year-old controversy over the high-temperature behavior of the rate of the most important reaction in combustion. Studies have shown that the rate of the above reaction follows a simple Arrhenius expression, k(T) = 1.62 {times} 10{sup {minus}10} exp[{minus}7474/T(K)] cm{sup 3} s{sup {minus}1}, from 960 to 5300 K. Previously, measurements by one group extended only up to 3300 K. At 2600 K, the highest temperature studied by three other groups, the measured rates differed by 220%. To obtain the new results, a shock wave was used to quickly heat a sample and the rate of production of OH directly behind the shock wave was measured by tuning the wavelength of a pulsed dye laser to a region of strong absorption by the OH molecule. The strength of this absorption was measured as a function of distance behind the shock wave by directing the light from the laser beam onto a linear-array detector. This technique is capable of measuring the rates of very fast reactions, and is ideal for precisemore » studies at very high temperatures where the rates of chemical reactions are the fastest.« less


The article focuses on the problems of limitations and distinguishing between different kinds of phrases, which may denote action or state, be idiomatic phrases, phraseological units, set expressions or analytical verbs. Attention is paid to the laws and rules of composition of the components within the structure of analytical verbs, as well as to the peculiarities of their formation and functioning. The article also touches on the functional differences of analytical verbs belonging to different groups, due to their semantic relations, general semantics, the way of composition, the structure of the components and their importance.


To understand the critical factor(s) that influence short-circuit current in poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/ZnO solar cells, we investigate the morphology of the interfacial polymer layer and the photoexcitation dynamics in the picosecond regime. Thin (∼6 nm) films of P3HT deposited on bare ZnO and ZnO modified with an alkanethiol monolayer are used as model systems for the heterojunction interface. Results are compared with thin P3HT films on glass for the behavior of the polymer alone. Synchrotron grazing incidence X-ray diffraction spectra of P3HT thin films deposited on glass and on an alkanethiol-modified ZnO surface identify a crystalline P3HT interfacial layer, while an amorphous interfacial layer of P3HT is found on unmodified ZnO. To investigate the decay dynamics of initial photoexcited states, the samples are interrogated by pump–probe spectroscopy with sub-picosecond time resolution. Compared to P3HT/ZnO composite films, the decay behavior for both polarons and excitons over a 500 ps time interval becomes significantly slower with alkanethiol modification, indicating a reduction in early-stage charge recombination. These experiments demonstrate how the interfacial polymer morphology has a critical role in determining device performance.


Members of the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) have for several years been successfully developing digital systems that aid geologists in the capture of fi eld data. In the past, development has been completed, or driven, by an individual researcher on a per project basis and, therefore, systems have been specifi c to that geologist's work. This sort of application development has often meant that the work takes place in virtual isolation and the resulting application can be very limited in scope or usability for other researchers. Due to the demands of business re-alignment in the GSC over the past few years, there has been an attempt to work toward a single system that could be used by a variety of researchers for the collection of fi eld information. To accomplish this broad-spectrum development, the work has been conducted in coordination with many mapping projects; this has proven advantageous in coordinating development between many projects across the organisation. By following this strategy, the GSC is attempting to bring consistency to the data-gathering efforts, and thereby also minimize the isolation of projects, which was a problem in the past.


This paper discussed the applications of electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) for element characterization in semiconductor manufacturing. The first experiment compared the ability of element chemical states analysis between EELS and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Some phase change random access memory (PcRAM) product suffered TiN connection electrode failure. EELS and XPS were used separately to check the chemical states of TiN film and found it was partially oxidized. The 2nd experiment compared the ability of EELS and EDX for element distribution mapping. These two methods were used to analyze elements distribution in 28nm high-k metal gate NMOS device. Results showed EDX was influenced by element convolution and multiple scattering but EELS not, which means EELS can give more accurate information of element distribution.


Objective
To investigate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection among health checkup population in Xiamen area during 2012-2014, and evaluate the potential predictors for Hp infection.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among health checkup population in the Zhongshan Hospital during 2012—2014. Potential participants completed 13C breath tests for helicobacter pylori infection. An epidemiological questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, the awareness of Hp-related information, the history of gastrointestinal diseases or symptoms, life styles and relevant data for each participant. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the associations of Hp infection with potential predictors.

Results
Three groups of individuals with 1 631, 1 766, and 5 257 persons who underwent health checkup were screened for Hp infection, and Hp prevalence was 48.9%, 49.8%, and 50.5% during 2012-2014, respectively. No significant difference in Hp prevalence was found between both sexes. A total of 1444 acceptible questionnaires were used to evaluate the associations between Hp infection and potential predictors and Hp infection was 47.9% among 1 444 eligible participants. In the multivariate logistic regression model, Hp infection was found to be associated significantly with having ever tested for Hp infection (OR, 0.67; 95% CI: 0.51-0.88; P=0.004), the history of stomachache or gastrectasia (OR, 2.19; 95% CI: 1.73-2.78; P<0.001), and alcohol drinking (OR, 1.38; 95% CI: 1.11-1.71; P=0.004). The higher the severity of Hp infection, the higher the prevalence of stomachache or gastrectasia, and smoking and alcohol drinking. However, the prevalence of smoking and alcohol drinking decreased among those with the highest severity of Hp infection.

Conclusion
The prevalence of Hp infection in Xiamen area was slightly lower than the national Hp prevalence among natural population, but this prevalence reached 50%. The awareness rate of Hp infection was still low. The prevalence of stomachache or gastrectasia among our study population presented positive correlation with the severity levels of Hp infection. More attention should be paid to Hp screening and treatment among those with gastrointestinal diseases or symptoms.

Key words:
Helicobacter pylori; Risk factors; Life style; Questionnaires


The goal of this article is to propose a model of state feminism to analyze the impact of women's movements on state activities in post-industrial democracies. It builds on conventional theories of social movement impact, specifically addressing problems of longitudinal and comparative analyses, and introduces an intervening variable-the role of women's policy machineries. This study examines the role of these machineries in France and the United States in injecting feminist stances into the content and processes of six job-training policy debates and assesses the explanatory usefulness of two clusters of independent variables. The findings challenge the conventional wisdom about women's movement successes in the U.S. and France by showing that a strong movement does not necessarily lead to a full state response in the absence of intervention of women's policy machineries. In turn they point to the importance of left-wing govemments and the relation of the women's movement to them. The conclusion includes plans for further testing of the state feminism framework by means of comparative studies in other countries and other policy areas.


A study in dietary fiber and whole grains is presented. Efficient tools for detailed characterization of fibers, systems for measuring the behavior of products and diets with fibers in the gastrointestinal tract and a broad range of biomarkers showing the impact of fibers on health and well being are analyzed. It was suggested that growing number of food ingredients with dietary fiber characteristics combined with the emerging research tools would facilitate developments for new products with major health benefits.


Dear Editor, We read with great interest that the Journal of Epidemiology has recently decided not to consider for publication manuscripts on research carried out with funding from the tobacco industry.1 We strongly support such a decision. Until now, we have seen a lot of studies conducted by the tobacco industry, which are likely to be biased due to conflicts of interest. New tobacco products are not exempt from this phenomenon.2 Indeed, most of the knowledge on heat-not-burn tobacco products (HNB) comes from the tobacco industry.3,4 HNBs are hybrids between electronic and conventional cigarettes: on one hand, they are equipped with a device that heats the product, without reaching combustion, to generate aerosol (ie, a sort of "cold smoke"); on the other hand, the product used is not a liquid containing nicotine, but "real" tobacco.4,5 IQOS is the brand name of such a product by Philip Morris International (PMI). IQOS has pioneered the HNB market since December 2014, after having been launched in test markets in Milan (Italy) and Nagoya (Japan). To date, it is in commerce in 30 countries, including 22 from the WHO European region.4,6 In Italy, IQOS expanded the market to the whole country since December 2015, and, until December 2017, it was the only available HNB. We provide, hereby, independent data on sales of HNBs in Italy. Legal sales data of HNBs, obtained by the Italian Ministry of Finance, showed that the annual sale of IQOS remained negligible in 2015 (11 tonnes per year). Subsequently, it grew to 83 tonnes in 2016, up to 519 tonnes in 2017 (Figure 1). Correspondingly, the market share of IQOS in the whole tobacco market increased from 0.01% in 2015 to 0.11% in 2016 and up to 0.67% in 2017 and is now approaching the market share of cigars. These data reveal a quick exponential increase in IQOS sales in Italy over the last 3 years. This increase parallels the total IQOS online search-volume across Italy, according to Google Trends (https:==trends.google.com=trends=). IQOS online search-volume was in fact boosted by more than 10 times in a single year (2016) and continued to increase in 2017. These trends may be of concern, since we have previously shown that nearly half of Italian IQOS users (45%) and over half of the people interested in IQOS (51%) are never smokers.4 Therefore, such a product may represent, at least in Italy, a gateway for nicotine addiction among never smokers rather than a harm reduction substitution for current smokers.4 Moreover, the few independent toxicological studies have consistently found that HNBs release relatively high nicotine levels (similar to those released by conventional cigarettes)5,7 and non-negligible amounts of harmful substances, including various carcinogens.5,8 Nevertheless, due to the alleged belief in HNB harm reduction in Italy, these new products are exempted from the fiscal regimes of tobacco products. In fact, HNBs enjoy the same tax reduction as electronic cigarettes, which is half that of conventional cigarettes.9 Moreover, the enforcement of various tobacco control regulations is only minimally adopted for HNBs in Italy. First of all, health warnings are required to cover only 30% of the HNB packaging (instead of 65% for conventional cigarettes), without pictorial images.10 Second, comprehensive smoke-free regulations prohibiting smoking in all public places and workplaces do not apply to HNBs.9,10 Finally, advertising and promotions are not banned for these new products. This is evident by the presence in several strategic Italian cities of the "IQOS embassy" and "IQOS boutique", which are fancy concept stores where IQOS is promoted as a status symbol and people can try it for free. Therefore, the most recognized tobacco control policies (ie, price=tax increase, smoking bans, advertising bans, and health warnings) have been compromised for HNBs in Italy. In conclusion, although the share of IQOS in the whole Italian tobacco market is still limited, given the exponential increase in sales observed over the last 3 years and the fiscal and regulatory benefits IQOS has,9,10 we expect a further expansion of IQOS in the Italian tobacco market, similar to that recently observed in Japan.6


The first solid-phase synthesis of the natural product gougerotin has been accomplished. The synthetic route is versatile and allows for diversification at position C-4 of the heterocycle, C-6' of the sugar ring, and both residues of the peptidic moiety at N-4' in a parallel fashion. [structure: see text]


Study Objective: To determine factors influencing high child mortality rates at Karemo sub-County, Siaya County Kenya
Study Design: A descriptive cross sectional study
Study Setting: Karemo Sub-County, Siaya County Kenya
Study Subjects/participants: Three hundred and twenty six (326) caregivers of children under five years at house hold levels


The main issue of the paper is the probabilistic sensitivity of the limit states of structures with respect to selected input design variables. Attempt to the problem is done by the dedicated Monte Carlo simulation procedure. Basic design variables are random variables of given probability distributions, presented in the form of random numbers. Uni‐parametrical increment of the dominant basic variable (basic variables) is done, finally achieving the structural limit state. The simulation procedure restuls in a set of limit multipliers. Statistical analysis leads to the estimate of the probability density function of the limit state. Thus the numerical image is presented of the probabilistic sensitivity of the structural limit state. Reliability or the probability of failure are to be estimated, as statistical parameters of the histogram. Numerical examples of engineering structures illustrate the method introduced in the paper, conclusions are formulated eventually. (© 2009 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Emotion recognition from speech has been an important and challenging research. The performance of speech features and influence of emotions number on the systems of emotion recognition in the Algerian dialect speech are studied in this work. To achieve this aim, an emotional database of the Algerian dialect (ADED) is built. This database contains four emotions: anger, fear, sadness and neutral. Extraction of features is an important step in the recognition of speech emotion. The features extracted in this study are: pitch, intensity, duration, unvoiced frames, jitter, shimmer, HNR (Harmonic Noise Ratio), formants and MFCCs (Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients). Each recognition system needs a classifier, so our system is based on the KNN (K-Nearest Neighbor) method of classification. Different results are obtained, the higher recognition rates are given when using a combination of features including pitch, intensity, duration, unvoiced frames, jitter, shimmer, HNR and the MFCCs parameters. And the performance is influenced by the number of emotions included: 82.29 % when using the four emotions of ADED database, 84.02% when three emotions fear, anger and neutral are recognized and 87.50% when only the fear and neutral emotions are used in the recognition system.


There are known to be many methods for calculating the area of triangle. It is far easier to determine the area as long as the length of all the three sides of the triangle are known. What appears to be essential here is the way in which the lengths are to be measured. The present study aims to present three methods for calculating the area of a triangle by achieving the measuring process via the maximum metric dM in preference to the usual Euclidean metric dE.


Preface. 1. Molecular representations and nomenclature. 2. Atomic structure and bonding. 3. Stereochemistry. 4. Acids and bases. 5. Reaction mechanisms. 6. Nucleophilic reactions: nucleophilic substitution. 7. Nucleophilic reactions of carbonyl groups. 8. Electrophilic reactions. 9. Radical reactions. 10. Nucleophilic reactions involving enolate anions. 11. Heterocycles. 12. Carbohydrates. 13. Amino acids, peptides and proteins. 14. Nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. 15. The organic chemistry of intermediary metabolism. 16. How to approach examination questions: selected problems and answers. Index.


Background: Aortic valve stenosis is associated with age, rheumatic fever, and bicuspid aortic valve but its association with other comorbidities such as inflammatory disease and race is less known. The purpose of this study was to investigate any association between aortic stenosis and many comorbidities. Method: We utilized the large Nationwide Inpatient Sample database to evaluate any association between aortic stenosis and risk factors. We performed uni- and multivariate analyses adjusting for comorbid conditions. Results: Data were extracted from the first available database that used ICD-10 codes specifically coding for aortic stenosis alone, spanning from 2016 to 2020. Data included 112,982,565 patients. A total of 2,322,649 had aortic stenosis, with the remaining 110,659,916 patients serving as controls. We found a strong and independent significant association between aortic stenosis and coronary artery disease (OR: 2.11, CI 2.09 - 2.13, P < 0.001), smoking (OR: 1.08, CI 1.07 - 1.08, P < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.15, CI 1.14 - 1.16, P < 0.001), hypertension (OR: 1.41, CI 1.4 - 1.43, P < 0.001), hyperlipidemia (OR: 1.31, CI 1.3 - 1.32, P < 0.001), renal disease (OR: 1.3, CI 1.29 - 1.31, P < 0.001), chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) (OR: 1.05, CI 1.04 - 1.05, P < 0.001), obesity (OR: 1.3, CI 1.29 -1.32, P < 0.001), rheumatoid arthritis (OR: 1.13, CI 1.11 - 1.15, P <0.001), scleroderma (OR: 1.93, CI 1.79 - 2.09, P <0.001), systemic connective tissue disease (OR: 1.24, CI 1.2 - 1.27, P <0.001), polyarteritis nodosa (OR: 1.5, CI 1.24 -1.81, P <0.001), and Raynauds syndrome (OR: 1.16, CI 1.09 - 1.24, P <0.001), in addition to known factors such as age, male gender and bicuspid aortic valve. Conclusion: Using a very large database, we found many new associations for the presence of aortic valve stenosis including race, renal disease, several inflammatory diseases, COPD, and obesity in addition to many other known cardiovascular risk factors.


In this letter, we discuss a corrective bias for the modified maximum likelihood estimator of the Nakagami-m fading parameter. The obtained corrected estimator has a closed-form expression, which plays an essential role in describing fading effects in wireless communication. Numerical results show that the bias-corrected estimator outperforms the existing methods and returns unbiased estimates for the fading parameter even for very small sample sizes.


Catch-and-release (C&R) angling is widely practised by anglers and is a common fisheries management strategy or is a by-product of harvest regulations. Accordingly, there is a growing body of research that examines not only the mortality associated with C&R, but also the sublethal physiological and behavioural consequences. Biotelemetryoffersapowerfulmeansofremotelymonitoringthebehaviour,physiology and mortality offish caught and released in their natural environment, but we contend that its usefulness is still underappreciated by scholars and managers. In this study, we review the applications of biotelemetry in C&R science, identify novel research directions, opportunities and challenges. There are now about 250 C&R studies but only one quarter of these utilize biotelemetry. In fact, almost all of the C&R studies that have used biotelemetry have been conducted within the last decade. We found that the majority of C&R telemetry studies used either radio or acoustic telemetry, while comparatively few studies have used satellite technologies. Most C&R biotelemetry studies have been used to assess mortality rates, behavioural impairments or to evaluate the effects of displacement on fish. A small fraction of studies (<8%) have used physiological sensors despite the fact that these tools are highly applicable to understandingthe multiplesublethal consequencesofC&Randareusefulforproviding mechanistic insights into endpoints such as death. We conclude that C&R science has the potential to benefit greatly from biotelemetry technology, particularly with respect to providing more robust short-term and delayed mortality estimates and adopting a more integrative and comparative approach to understanding the lethal and sublethal impacts of C&R. However, there are still a number of challenges including (i) the need for appropriate controls and methodological approaches, (ii) the need for accounting for tagging and handling stress and mortality, and (iii) the need for certainty in assessing mortality. However, the benefits associated with C&R biotelemetry outweigh its disadvantages and limitations and thereby offer C&R researchers a suite of new tools to enhance fisheries management and conservation.


The possibility of generating extremely intense picosecond pulses at 5.3 μm by frequency doubling a strong CO2 laser pulse in Te is demonstrated. It is shown that free carriers generated by two‐photon absorption at the leading edge of the second harmonic perturb the indices of refraction and greatly reduce the conversion efficiency for the remainder of the pump pulse.


The paper highlights the need to differentiate between the terms «montage» and «fragmented prose». Both techniques are examined from the perspectives of literary history, theory of literature and on value basis.


We developed a transmission system using ultra-multilevel orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology and dual-polarized multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology for experimental purposes based on the conventional digital terrestrial broadcasting signal format, ISDB-T. We conducted field experiments at 27 reception points around NHK Science & Technology Research Laboratories (STRL) using an experimental transmitter installed at NHK STRL. As a result, we obtained quasi error free (QEF) operation in MIMO -OFDM transmission whose carrier modulation scheme was 4096QAM. We found that the average required field strength was about 60 dBµV/m for 4096QAM in the field experiments and there was a large difference in field strength at some reception points between both polarized signals that deteriorated the bit error rate characteristics, even if the average field strength was sufficiently high.


The invention discloses the effective portion extraction of dogwood and its preparation method and use, wherein the preparation consists of extracting dogwood with alcohol, depression concentrating the extract liquid, charging water for sediment, purifying through macroscopic adsorption resin column, removing foreign substance through washing, ethanol elution, collecting the eluent, decompressing and drying, thus obtaining the effective position extract of dogwood. The invention discloses its novel pharmaceutical use in preparing medicament for prevention and treatment of diabetic blood vessel pathological changes and for reducing blood sugar.