With most categories now apparently contestable in professional historiography, historians of science (so-called) surely feel especially vulnerable - not least those concerned with periods prior to the nineteenth century. If the 'early modern' dangerously implies teleology, the 'modern' implies a terminus from which the only exit seems to be the postmodern;1 all such labels invite accusations of progressivist historicism and, for the acutely trained historian of science, of latent whiggishness (for we are all postmodernists now). One could always obviate the difficulty of the term 'early modern' by ditching talk of 'modern' history altogether (its origins lying only in an opposition to 'ancient' history, after all), and speaking instead of 'recent' history; the conventional antecedent might be called "not-so-recent history". But pragmatically speaking, there seems to be no great conceptual problem lurking behind this particular issue of terminology. Where one chooses to place the demarcation between differentiated periods is another question, of course. The present article takes a look at some of the most recent work on the period C.1500-C.1700, that is, on the late Scientific Revolution. It is of significance that such an article cannot claim to be even remotely comprehensive; I focus on a few issues that seem to be worthy of especial note.SCIENCE ETC.An additional burden for historians of pre-nineteenth-century science nowadays concerns the problem of 'science' itself: specialist historians seem increasingly agreed that science as we now know it is an endeavour born of the nineteenth century.2 Disagreement remains rife, however, about whether the general term 'science' may legitimately be used for earlier periods or, indeed, for other cultural regions than the European. The Latin word scientia and its cognates had specific meanings, at once extensive and restricted, in usages derived from academic, scholastic sources. To the extent that we might wish to confine ourselves to the categories of activity recognized by our historical actors, it would behoove us to take the corresponding (and shifting) cultural boundaries as in some way definitive of our subject matter. Thus, the history of science for the "not-so-recent" period, which follows the now conventionally meaningless 'medieval' ("older"?) period, might confine itself to those fields of endeavour concerned with necessary demonstration of their conclusions, as well as with those areas in which controversy over such scientific status took place. Yet most scholars would regret the necessity of therefore including within the 'history of science' those subjects, such as the law or theology, which were often themselves regarded as scientiae.The usual solution to this problem has long been to put the word 'science' as an actor's category to one side in favour of focusing attention on those topical areas of study that seem to correspond, more or less, to areas of present-day scientific attention. The approach calls for selective attention to activities in the past the coherence of which is provided by that of activities in the present, and thus to run a grave risk of 'present-centredness' , the more expansive version of whiggishness.3 The danger here lies in imposing a systematic distortion on the categories of the past by heedlessly understanding historical activities as having been carried out under the categories of the present. Nonetheless, an effective recommendation to do just this, using the rubric 'protoscience', has recently been put forward by Pamela Smith.4 Smith uses the term 'protoscience' to designate "studies that trace the early modern development of modern scientific objects, practices, and theories, what we might call the history of protosciences such as astronomy and physics". Her idea is to avoid the implication that such histories would "take their objects of study as fixed" by having their focus be upon the development of particular ways of thinking and practice that have come to constitute our contemporary sciences. …


Platelet‐mediated primary haemostasis and blood coagulation have evolved as important defence mechanisms against bleeding. The formation of the platelet plug provides the initial occlusion of the vascular lesion. This is temporally co‐ordinated with the activation of the coagulation system, which occurs in response to the rupture of endothelium and the exposure of blood to the extravascular tissue. The reactions of blood coagulation are carefully controlled by several anticoagulant mechanisms and under normal conditions they prevail over the procoagulant forces. Genetic or acquired disturbances of the natural balance between the pro‐ and anticoagulant systems may result in bleeding or thrombotic diseases.


Background: Nicotine can affect the development of Atherosclerosis (AS). Monocytes/macrophages are the important cells in the AS lesions. Objective: We studied the mechanisms of smoking on AS. The effects of nicotine on macrophage were investigated in this study. Methods: Different concentration of nicotine (6 × 10 mol/L), different incubation time (3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 hours) and 7 β-hydroxycholesterol (50 μg/ml) were schemed in this study. After exposure of macrophage to those different conditions, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α) content in the supernatant were assayed. Results: Nicotine (6 × 10mol/L~6x10mol/L) treatment resulted in a marked reduction of LDH in the supernatant (131.0±9.6 U/L, 129.7±6.2 U/L, 129.4±5.3 U/L, 134.2±8.4 U/L, and 138.3±9.7 U/L vs. 151.3±8.1 U/L, p <0.05 respectively, q-test). The same change trend was seen when co-treated with 7β-hydroxycholestrol and nicotine (135.7±7.6 U/L, 135.6±6.6 U/L, 136.1±6.7 U/L, 142.9±4.5 U/L, and 146.4±4.4 U/L vs. 152.4 6.2 U/L, P<0.05 respectively, q-test). The peak effects occurred at the nicotine concentration of 6 × 10mol/L and the first 18-hours incubation. Nicotine (6 ×10mol/L~6 × 10mol/L) treatment result in the increase of TNF-α in the supernatant (0.28±0.06 ng/ mL, 0.32±0.05 ng/mL, 0.40±0.07 ng/mL, and 0.30±0.08 ng/mL vs. 0.17±0.05 ng/mL, p <0.05 respectively, q-test). Nicotine (6 × 10mol/L) treatment have no significant increase compared to the control group (0.21±0.08 ng/mL vs. 0.17±0.05 ng/mL, p >0.05, q-test). The peak effects occurred at the nicotine concentration of 6 × 10mol/L. Conclusions: Nicotine can produce the beneficial effect on macrophage. Nicotine treatment can activate macrophage to produce TNF-α. Thus, nicotine can be a mechanism on the development of atherosclerosis.


The aim of this research is to investigate low-power circuit concepts for the hardware implementation of adaptive stimulation for future retinal implants. Especially for retinal implants, the circuit complexity must be low while increasing functionality. This paper presents the implementation of an analog spike detection circuit to perform electrode individual firing-rate measurements in a spatially high-density electrode array, which has a reduced circuit complexity compared to the wide-used nonlinear energy operator (NEO) and allows stronger suppression of local oscillations due to the retinal remodeling. This recording-unit is integrated in an eight-channel closed-loop-neurostimulator prototype. This recording unit dissipates 13.8 µW and requires an area of 0.066 mm2 by using a 350 nm CMOS process.


In the past and current years, the EAEU countries, the Eurasian Economic Commission and the Government of the People's Republic of China signed documents important in the context of modern development of cooperation — the Agreement on Trade and Economic Cooperation and the Agreement on the Exchange of Information on Goods and International Transport Vehicles Moving Through the EAEU Customs Borders and the People's Republic of China. What is the reason for reaching these agreements and what is their content? How will they work? What are the problems in the development of trade and economic cooperation between the EAEU countries and the PRC today? What are the prospects? What tasks and how will we deal with our Chinese partners tomorrow? This article is dedicated to finding answers to these and other questions.


This paper summarizes components and phases involved in the cupola melting process, then brings out a composition forecasting model based on the minimum Gibbs energy principle and the equilibria calculation algorithms of multiphase and multicomponent. Besides, the relationship between the melting parameters and the composition of molten iron is set up by using BP neural network based on the idea of indirect constraints. Finally, the paper probes the feasibility of the composition forecasting model with two examples. The application result shows that the prediction with this method can achieve strong practicability and popularization value.


The Lower Cretaceous Faliyan Formation (Neocomian) of the Zagros Mountains consists of shale and limestone, deposited on a gentle deep carbonate ramp. The Faliyan Formation expands over a vast area in Fars and Northeast of Khuzestan provinces. The Formation, in this regions, conformably overlain by Gadvan Formation and underlain by the Hith and Surmeh formations in the subsurface and outcrop sections, respectively. Towards to Southest of Khuzestan, this carbonate dominated formation changes to shaly Garu Formation.


Ram breeding soundness examinations can be utilised by sheep practitioners to provide useful information to sheep farmers, helping maximise reproductive performance of sheep flocks. It is estimated that between 3.5–10% of rams in the UK are unsound, thus supporting the validity of breeding soundness examinations both pre-sale (or purchase) and pre-breeding. Routine ram soundness examinations are straightforward and can be done at relatively little cost to the farmer. In this article the types of breeding soundness examination available, a practical approach to the examination and classification of findings are discussed.


Diameter increase was found during the rapid, vertically aligned growth of millimeter-long single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The diameters continuously increased on average from 1.7 nm at the top to 3.7 nm at the bottom of vertically aligned SWCNTs. The SWCNT structures ranged from straight and bundled at the top to bent and isolated and even collapsed at the bottom. Our findings show the importance of suppressing catalyst coarsening to obtain thin SWCNTs, as well as a potential production route of thick SWCNTs and edgeless bilayer graphene ribbons.


pyrazine-3-carboxamides, furan-3-carboxamides, pyrazole-4-carboxamides and thiazole-5carboxamides gave as high activity against both diseases in pot tests and SDC of Botrytis cinerea in an enzyme test as the 2-substituted pyridine-3-carboxamides. 2, 5-Dimethylfuran-3carboxamide gave activity against both diseases and SDC as high as 2-methylfuran-3-carboxamide, whereas the activities of 2, 4-dimethyl and 2, 4, 5-trimethylfuran derivatives were extremely low against grey mold in a pot test. Pyrazole-4-carboxamides and thiazole-5carboxamides showed the same substituent effects as the furan derivatives. Among the compounds of this series, 4-methylthiazole-5-carboxamide (BC340) and 2-chloropyridine-3carboxamide (BC723) were most potent against both diseases.


The European Employment Strategy (EES) is the employment policy of the European Union. According to its 2000 orientations, the EES was to promote 'more and better jobs'. In fact, the EES has not lived up to this promise. First, the EES has not been able to put the quality of jobs firmly on its agenda. On the contrary, the EES argues in favour of more flexible jobs. Second, the EES criticizes countries such as Sweden and Denmark for their high levels of taxes and unemployment benefits, despite the results these countries achieve in terms of employment. The orientations of the EES can be understood as deriving from mainstream economics; it is argued that they go against the European social model.


Zheda Strong Restorer", a transgenic restorer developed by transferring Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) gene into a restorer DES-HAF277, had overcome the defect of weak restorability in restorers to cytoplasmic male sterility. When this transgenic restorer was used as a male parent and crossed with female sterile lines, its hybrids (F 1) had stronger pollen fertility and recorded high heterosis. Further study indicated that the GST activity in the anther of the transgenic restorer and its hybrids were higher obviously than that in the recipient restorer at the stage of sporogenous cell division, microspore meiosis and pollen maturation. There was a highly significant relationship between the percentage of viable pollens and the GST activity in the anther of F 1 hybrid at microspore meiosis phase and pollen maturation phase, which confirmed that GST over expression in anther could enhance pollen fertility of F 1 hybrid in upland cotton.


A case of neuroblastoma with divergent vimentin and cytokeratin positivity in an 11 year old boy is presented. The initial radiological impression was of a left renal mass consistent with Wilms' tumor. FNA revealed a tumor with an essentially discrete population of small round cells, and a few rosette-like structures. However, the presence of rare epithelial looking cells and stromal fragments coupled with vimentin and cytokeratin positivity prompted a diagnosis of a malignant round cell tumor consistent with Wilm's tumor. The appearance of skull metastasis a few weeks later prompted a review of the diagnosis. A repeat CECT scan clearly indicated a left adrenal origin of the mass. Material from a repeat FNA was submitted for electron microscopy. The detection of neurites confirmed a neuroblastoma. The earlier vimentin and cytokeratin positivity, confirmed by flowcytometry, was taken as evidence of a divergent immunophenotype. The subject of divergent differentiation in small round-cell tumors with neural features is reviewed.


Entertainment media are found to evoke appreciation when they deal with topics such as moral virtues, values, or questions of sense in life. Drawing upon terror management theory, we question whether meaningful media can also serve as anxiety buffer shielding against the threat of death, as they transport cultural worldviews and enhance self-esteem among recipients. Results of an experimental study (N = 122) confirmed that participants under mortality salience appreciated a meaningful movie more than participants in a control condition. Further, only a meaningful movie, not a pleasurable or an informative film, decreased the necessity to activate further anxiety buffers after mortality salience. The findings are discussed in relation to entertainment media as means to handle existential fears.


Echinoderms are a marine invertebrate group with important ecological functions in the ocean; they are the source of bioactive compounds, and some species are important for fisheries and aquaculture. Their study in the Colombian Caribbean has focused on taxonomic and ecological aspects and they are a well-documented group of invertebrates. However, small-scale studies of the group are required given the geomorphological and oceanographic diversity along the entire Colombian coastline. The Magdalena River runoff strongly influences the coastal ecosystems of the Department of Atlántico, which has the shortest continental shoreline with only 72 km. The benthic fauna in its surroundings is the biotic component receiving the influence of this river directly, but it has not been the object of deep taxonomic and ecological studies. Field echinoderm surveys were conducted at several sites from 2004 to 2019. Observations and direct collections were carried out from 0 to 5 m depth. We identified four classes, seven orders, eight families, ten genera, and 16 species. Thirteen of these species were first records for Atlántico: Luidia senegalensis, Astropecten articulatus, Amphiodia riisei, Amphiodia trychna, Echinometra lucunter lucunter, Encope michelini, Leodia sexiesperforata, Mellita quinquiesperforata, Isostichopus badionotus, Isostichopus sp., Holothuria grisea, Holothuria glaberrima, and Holothuria princeps. The most frequently observed species were M. quinquiesperforata and H. glaberrima. We provide the local geographic distribution, illustrations, and remarks on each species. This study attempts to close gaps regarding the knowledge of the distribution of marine invertebrates in the Colombian Caribbean Sea.


Since the first catheterization of a human ves sel by Werner Forssmann in 1929 [1], the actors playing in the field of vessel catheterization have continued to change over time, passing from the radiologist to the radiologist with angio logy expertise to the cardiologist with radiologi cal expertise, and with the advent of coronary angio plasty by Gruentzing [2], to the cardiolo gist with surgical skills, that is, the interven tional cardiolo gist. Similarly, the old, dirty and dark radiological suites, which resembled a photo graphy dark room rather than an operat ing room, have becoming larger, brighter and contain plenty of new and exciting equipment including the brilliance intensificator, the recent flat panel, intravascular ultrasound, intracardiac echocardiogram, functional flow and pressure wire consoles, optical coherence tomography, angioplasty catheters and a number of differ ent small and large stents and occluder devices. This technological escalation changed the role of the invasive professional from a simple observer and recorder of physiological and pathological pheno mena to a real endovascular intervention alist, the expert in translating body images into therapeutic actions. Now, with the advent of hybrid procedures such as congenital heart and structural heart disease interventions, in particular percutaneous heart valve implantation, the interventionalist's next leap is to gain real surgical skills, becoming a new figure – a true endocardiovascular sur geon. In the 1940s' poor Italy, which lacked a true working public health system, the family physician was not only the physician, but also the surgeon and medicine doctor. They were able to not only make a diagnosis, but also to carry out surgical procedures such as cesarean partum, skin incision and abscess drainage. Now, we have to simply go back and reeducate ourselves about a little bit of surgery. By changing the actor, the theater cannot remain the same; it is necessary that health sys tem governers throughout the world are aware of the dramatic changes and must be prepared to provide hybrid rooms that incorporate all the necessities of this new age: space, sterility and powerful image equipment including flat panel and computed tomography, together with all the usual instrumentation of the interventional cardiologist. The cost would probably be high to begin with, but this new combination of actor and theater will probably be the only cardiovascular surgery required for the next 30 years.


Modification of a classic gravimetric procedure by incorporating a radiotracer so that the final precipitate is counted rather than weighed.


The three-loop power system which is to be used with Experimental Breeder Reactor No. II (EBR-II) was analyzed to determine the coolant flow rate requirements at various power levels, coolant temperatures at various power levels, effects of heat exchanger sizes (system optimization), and effects of control errors. An intermediate heat exchanger, preheater, evaporator, and superheater are included in the EBR-II power system. Constant thermal resistances and physical properties, and perfect insulation were assumed in the analysis. Among other things, the study showed that at low power levels, excessive thermal stresses are produced at the cold end of the intermediate heat exchanger ualess a high sink temperature is used. It was also found that a short cut may be used to determine approximate system conditions at all power levels, that system optimization requires compromises, and that system flow rate control is possible through high-low measurements of two coolant temperatures in the primary system. (auth)


Work conditions have impact upon labour productivity and hence upon labour cost. There has not been any in-depth research work on work conditions in the factories of West Bengal. Our study relates to the work conditions of factories of different manufacturing industries. By good work conditions we mean the standard work conditions as described in the Indian Factories Act of 1948 (amended subsequently). With the help of a survey we have tried to examine how far the surveyed factories have followed the provisions of that Act. Our survey covers manufacturing industries situated in and around the city of Kolkata.


When applying hygiene products «Gikor-D» and «Hamra Blue» before and after milking on the udder in the milk of cows no excess of safety indicators was detected. At the same time, disinfectants provided protection of the udder and breast nipples from contamination by pathogenic microflora. In cows, that were treated with disinfectants based on chlorhexidine bigluconate during lactation, there is a positive correlation between the number of somatic and of mesophilic cells aerobic and facultative-anaerobic microorganisms in milk. Indicators of density, CFR, fat, SOMO and caloric content of milk after the use of disinfectants are higher than without their use. There are no significant biochemical changes in the milk of cows, therefore, the use of disinfectants before and after milking of cows does not worsen the quality of milk, and also protects the udder and breast nipples from disease during lactation.


The tensile strength and the strengthening mechanism of medium and mediumlow carbon CSiMnB bainitic steels were tested and analysised. The results showed that the tested bainitic steels have relative high strength and good plasticity. The decrease of bainitic plate width and increase of dislocation density in bainitic plates are contributory to bainitie strength. The partitioning and refining effect on prior austenite grains by lowerbainitic plates and the constraint effect of martensite plates on deformation of bainitic plates should be considered for strengthening mechanism of mixtures of bainite and martensite. The strength values calculated by the strengthening mechanism model is consistent with measured values.


Anomalous carrier tail generation in BF+2 ion‐implanted layers through gas‐ion interaction is quantitatively examined by a combination of gas pressure measurements and carrier profile measurements. The collision cross sections of He, Ar, Kr, and N2 gases with BF+2 ions are derived from the relative peak carrier concentrations of the tail and residual gas pressure relationships. Below 10−2 Pa, simple gas‐ion interaction occurs and the collision cross section is around 10−14 cm−2. A gas pressure of less than 10−5 Pa in the implanter ion path is necessary to almost completely eliminate the anomalous tail generation. On the other hand, more than 4×10−1 Pa, multiple collisions between the ions and the residual gas atoms/moleculs occur and the tail carrier concentration become saturated. BF3 gas molecules are also foud to generate B+ ions through collisions with BF+2 ions.


In responding to Covid-19 pandemic, countries around the world implemented various policies to impede the virus. But the effect of these polices among East Asian and European countries are Utterly different. This paper chose South Korea and the United Kingdom to conduct a case study to explore whether and to what extent did digital track and trace policies make an effect in curbing the virus. This paper mainly utilizes government websites data and peer-reviewed research articles from PubMed and Google Scholar to support the research. This paper illustrates three critical factors why digital contact tracing systems perfrom better in South Korea than the UK, which are cultural notion, movements from government and collaboration with testing respectively.


Incremental Sheet Forming is a rather new forming process which is used to obtain complex three dimensional parts by stretching the sheet with a pin tool whose path is controlled by a CNC machine. This study presents a new fixture design for Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) and experiments conducted for two profiles. Single Point Incremental Forming is used for small and batch production. The fixture presented in this study was made using mild steel which can be used for performing multiple forming purposes. The circular profile and a square profile were generated using a spherical head tool of 5mm diameter made of Stainless steel and the results were compared with that of Simulations for the same profiles using the analysis software, ABAQUS. The experiments were carried out using Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine.


Motherhood can be argued to be a central theme in many recent Spanish horror films. From El Orfanato/ The Orphanage or Los Otros/ The Others to, more recently, Las Brujas de Zugarramurdi/ Witching and Bitching or Musarañas/ Shrew's Nest, to mention but a few, their narratives are based on the figure of the (Good/Bad) mother. Their struggles and choices in mothering move the action forward and bring horror to the story, ultimately depicting them as «the problem to be solved» (Davies, 2011, p. 82). Using Mama (Muschietti, 2013) as a case study, this article seeks to explore how motherhood is constructed in contemporary Spanish horror film and how this might respond to the specificities of the Spanish social and historical context. For this purpose, the research will particularly focus on the journey that the main female character undergoes throughout the narrative, from the reluctant mother and rock star to the «all-nurturing and self-abnegating Angel of the House» (Kaplan, 2000, p. 468). However, the outcome of the research highlights that this transition is strongly based on patriarchal principles that shape the ideal of good motherhood. The problematic narrative also conceives maternity as a woman's ultimate goal and fulfilment vehicle and assumes maternal instincts exist and are innate to women. Moreover, the study has also uncovered how the confrontation between the good and the bad mother functions as a reinforcement of a very specific maternal style that is highly influenced by Franco's ideology in relation to family, gender roles and female identity. Thus, although the film depicts the struggles of motherhood from a female point of view, it also portrays the horror and terrible consequences of challenging the patriarchal order, therefore promoting an outdated and patriarchal notion of good mothering.


It is important to find contact angle for a liquid to understand its wetting properties, capillarity and surface interaction energy with a surface. The estimation of contact angle from Non Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics (NEMD), where we need to track the changes in contact angle over a period of time is challenging compared to the estimation from a single image from an experimental measurement. Often such molecular simulations involve finite number of molecules above some metallic or non-metallic substrates and coupled to a thermostat. The identification of profile of the droplet formed during this time will be difficult and computationally expensive to process as an image. In this paper a new algorithm is explained which can efficiently calculate time dependent contact angle from a NEMD simulation just by processing the molecular coordinates. The algorithm implements many simple yet accurate mathematical methods available, especially to remove the vapor molecules and noise data and thereby calculating the contact angle with more accuracy. To further demonstrate the capability of the algorithm a simulation study has been reported which compares the contact angle influence with different thermostats in the Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation of water over platinum surface.


We study the 0509-67.5 supernova remnant in the Large Magellanic Cloud with the VLT/FORS2 spectrograph. We detect a broad component in the Hα emission with an FWHM of 2680 ± 70 km s−1 and 3900 ± 800 km s−1 for the southwest (SW) and northeast (NE) shocks, respectively. For the SW, the proton temperature appears to be too low for the shock velocity, which we attribute to a cosmic-ray pressure behind the shock front of at least 20% of the total pressure. For the NE, the post-shock proton temperature and the shock velocity are compatible, only if the plasma behind the shock front has a degree of thermal equilibrium of over 20%, which is at odds with current models for temperature equilibration behind fast shocks, which do not accelerate cosmic rays. If we assume the electron temperature to be less than 10% of the proton temperature, we find a post-shock cosmic-ray pressure of at least 7%.


ABSTRACT HumantranscriptioninitiationfactorTFIIDis composed ofthe TATA-binding polypeptide (TBP) and atleast 13 TBP-associated factors (TAFs) that collectively or individually are involved in activator-dependent transcrip-tion. To investigate protein-protein interactions involved inTFIIDassemblyandinTAF-mediatedactivatorfunctions,wehave cloned and expressed cDNAsencoding human TAF1180 and TAF1131. Coimmunoprecipitation assays showed that TAFII80 interactedwith TAFI1250,TAF1131,TAF1120, and TBP, but not with TAF1155. Similar assays showed that TAF1180 interacted with TFIIEa and with TFIIFa (RAP74) but notwith TFIIB, TFIIEj8, or TFIIF,8 (RAP30). Further studieswith TAFII80 mutations revealed three distinct interactiondomains which fall within regions conserved in human TAFII80, Drosophila TAFII60, and yeast TAFII60. The N ter- minusof TAFII80 (residues 1-100)interactswithboth TAF1131 and TAF120, while two C-terminal regions are involved,respectively, in interactions with TAFI1250 and TFIIFa(RAP74) (residues 203-276)


As we have just started into the new millennium, expectations are high in this field and the question is – what can be expected for artificial organ research and development in the future? I personally believe that this area will remain one of the most interesting and important scientific fields combining technical and biological engineering together with medical knowledge. Areas such as tissue and genetic engineering, new material design and microtechnology will stimulate research and development in the artificial organ field. It must be in our interest to bring those areas together, and to prepare a productive and efficient platform for scientific and personal discussion.


Obiectives : Otitis media is the disease which indicates every inflammatory situation in the middle ear. This includes the inflammation in the ear canal and mastoid sinus. In this study, the effect of Sa-Am acupuncture Bi-Jung-Geouk(脾正格) and Bojoong-ikgi-tang(補中益氣湯) for three children patients with otitis media were evaluated. Methods : After treatment with the Sa-Am acupuncture Bi-Jung-Geouk(脾正格) and Bojoong-ikgi-tang(補中益氣湯) for 3~6 weeks, we evaluated the effect by the figure of otoscope and complaints of patients. Results : In three cases, the pus in the figure declined dramatically and symptoms of patients got better after 3~6 weeks treatment. Conclusions : The Sa-Am acupuncture Bi-Jung-Geouk(脾正格) and Bojoong-ikgi-tang(補中益氣湯) for otitis media was effective. It will be attempted to the patients with it.125


This paper builds aero engine mathematical model based on LPV modeling to exactly describe engine characteristics,eliminate the effect of modeling error.Sensor fault diagnosis for typical fault is simulated.Simulation results illustrate that this method is effectively,real-time,and robust.


Background: With the increased globalization food prices went down for a while, only to skyrocket to new levels. Prices of organic food, which already were more expensive than conventional, are now ...


Many scholars of American Indian history watched with trepidation as 1992 approached. Although the five hundredth anniversary of Christopher Columbus's landfall was sure to put their cherished subject fairly in the limelight for once, they had good reason to apprehend that serious scholarship might be buried in an avalanche of T-shirts and bumper stickers. At the very least, solid research was likely to be pushed aside by books and films chumed out to catch the wave of popular interest. Certainly, the Columbian Quincentenary had its share of hoopla and drivel, but it could have been far worse, and there was much that was good. During the Columbian Quadricentenary of 1892, the United States celebrated four hundred years of "progress," excluded Indians from the ceremonies except as relics of the past, and looked forward to a future without Indians. In 1992, native people and native protests were prominent and persistent, reminding us that they were here long before Columbus, are still here, and intend to be here for the next five hundred years. No longer the unqualified hero of American mythology, Christopher Columbus, in some people's minds, came to personify the evils of Westem civilization. He was blamed for everything from the slave trade to the current ecological crisis. Where one stood on Christoforo Colombo was taken as a measure of one's scholarship, one's political correctness, even one's humanity. But as the strident voices and the furor over tomahawk chops subside, one can hope for results of lasting benefit as the nation confronts some of the hard questions the dissident voices raised. If 1992 was not for most people an occasion for mourning and national flagellation, neither was it a time of unrestrained jubilation. When even the popular media recognizes that American history did not by a long shot begin with Columbus, we are surely better placed to discard some old mythologies, rethink American history as a story of


Prepared by the Water Quality Technical Committee of the Irrigation and Drainage Division of ASCE. Agricultural Salinity Assessment and Management integrates contemporary concepts and management practices for agricultural water and salinity problems. This Manual covers not only the technical and scientific aspects of the topic but also the environmental, economic, and legal aspects. Some of the subjects discussed are: the effects of salts on soil and plants; the methods of sampling, monitoring, and measuring salinity; the use of saline drainage water in irrigation; the methods of managing salinity; and the use of models in salinity assessment. Engineers, scientists, practitioners, and educators will find this Manual to be a valuable resource on the mitigation of salinity problems in irrigated agriculture.


In this follow up to his 1943 article with Delbruck on phage-resistant bacteria, Luria demonstrated that not only do bacteria
 mutate into forms resistant to certain phages, but that phages can mutate to compensate for resistant mutations in their host.


In this paper, the evaluation method for the responsivity and noise characteristics of an infrared thermal imaging camera was presented. Signal transfer function and noise equivalent temperature difference of the infrared thermal imaging camera were obtained by using a differential mode blackbody that is able to control the temperature difference T between an infrared target and its background. And we verified the suitability of our evaluation method through comparison between the found noise equivalent temperature difference and the specification of the camera. In addition, the difference of 0.01 K of the two noise equivalent temperature differences calculated from with and without nonuniformity correction suggests that the nonuniformity correction is essential process for the evaluation of the infrared thermal imaging camera.


The use of isotopically labelled compounds at Schering-Plough (S-P) has substantially increased over the past 30 years. Since the formation of the S-P Radiochemistry section in the early 1970s, the group has expanded its role from supplying 14C- and 3H-labelled compounds for ADME studies for compounds in development, to providing 3H-labelled compounds for drug discovery and also to provide stable isotope-labelled compounds that are used as LC/MS internal standards. Other isotopes used by the group have included 125I and 35S, which have been used to label both small molecules and proteins. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The N – i switching method made it possible to establish analytical relations between the constraints of the state coordinates of the electric drive and the parameters of sliding mode control systems. This problem is solved for the cases of optimization in time domain and modal control. This paper presents a computational algorithm that implements a parametric synthesis of a control system taking into account changes in the levels of constraints caused by the performance of various shapes transient trajectories.


Intermediate Band Solar Cell is an advanced concept for solar energy conversion in which two low-energy photons can promote an electron to the conduction band through a so-called intermediate band. To limit recombination and preserve the photo-generated voltage, generation to- and from the intermediate band should be matched. However, all practical realizations experienced a significant voltage degradation as compared to a single junction without intermediate band. In this work, we develop a novel analytical optimization method based on Lagrange multipliers. We demonstrate that an Intermediate Band Solar Cell under solar spectrum cannot meet voltage preservation and current matching at the same time. By contrast, we show that the implementation of an energy shift (\emph{electronic ratchet}) in any of the bands allows those two criteria to be filled simultaneously. Additional insights are provided by the numerical study of the short circuit current and fill factor of the systems at stake, which show that a system with ratchet benefits from the same current increase as a standard Intermediate Band Solar Cell (same short-circuit current), while maintaining I-V properties of a single junction (same open-voltage circuit, same fill factor).


Perineal reconstruction is an essential component of the overall treatment plan of perineal electric burn, but it is a very difficult and complex job. The modified thoraco-umbilical flap may be a perfect way of repairing perineal area. It is based on the deep inferior epigastric artery and vein and the superior epigastric artery and vein, which look like the "reverse TRAM flap". The large flap could be fashioned into a perfect perineal area without the need for free flap. It left a satisfactory donor scar, and it avoided the need to change the patient's position during the operation. Four cases were reconstructed by modified thoraco-umbilical flap after perineal electric burn, and all of them were satisfied with the results. The modified thoraco-umbilical flap has been emerged as a very useful reconstructive tool and is particularly valuable in reconstruction of the perineal electric burn.


Photochromic antiferroelectric liquid crystals containing a diazene moiety were synthesized for the first time, and their photochemical switching behaviors were studied.


The experiences of women in one village in the Dominican Republic, Los Pinos, are analyzed as these relate to the dense transnational network of social relations that now link the village to New York City where most Dominican migrants have settled. International migration and gender relations affect 2 groups of Pinera women: 1) those married to US migrants or with migrant offspring in the US and 2) those women who had no household members in the US. As a consequence of the remittances they received, members of the 1st group often constituted the village's transnational middle class; the latter group included some of the poorest members of the community. Subsistence-level remittances also ensured that they were almost totally dependent on husbands to maintain their families. Women in patrilocal, stable marriages with US migrants conformed more readily to prevailing ideals of respectable feminine behavior. Such respectability was also sustained by remittance-subsidized consumption, especially of improved housing and consumer goods. For some of the younger women, however, conforming to these ideals was often an annoying burden. As the locus of many migrants' investments, the village of Los Pinos has experienced a modest growth in the number of full-time jobs paying somewhat above the minimum urban wage and in a variety of petty entrepreneurial activities depending heavily on the patronage of migrant households, themselves heavily subsidized by remittances. Women who followed a serial mating pattern, even some of the poorest, benefited from migration (higher income, consumer goods, visas) through the informal ties they established with migrants and their kin, although all of the desirable new jobs had gone to men. Nevertheless, for both groups of women prevailing gender ideologies impacted the socioeconomic changes stemming from the transnational process to conform to Pinero practice.


Making multimedia data available online becomes less expensive and more convenient on a daily basis. This development promotes web phenomenons such as Facebook, Twitter, and Flickr. These phenomena and their increased acceptance in society in turn leads to a multiplication of the amount of available images online. This vast amount of, frequently public and therefore searchable, images already exceeds the zettabyte bound. Executing a similarity search on the magnitude of images that are publicly available and receiving a top quality result is a challenge that the scientific community has recently attempted to rise to. One approach to cope with this problem assumes the use of distributed heterogeneous Content Based Image Retrieval system (CBIRs). Following from this anticipation, the problems that emerge from a distributed query scenario must be dealt with. For example the involved CBIRs' usage of distinct metadata formats for describing their content, as well as their unequal technical and structural information. An addition issue is the individual metrics that are used by the CBIRs to calculate the similarity between pictures, as well as their specific way of being combined. Overall, receiving good results in this environment is a very labor intensive task which has been scientifically but not yet comprehensively explored. The problem primarily addressed in this work is the collection of pictures from CBIRs, that are similar to a given picture, as a response to a distributed multimedia query. The main contribution of this thesis is the construction of a network of Content Based Image Retrieval systems that are able to extract and exploit the information about an input image's semantic concept. This so called semantic CBIRn is mainly composed of CBIRs that are configured by the semantic CBIRn itself. Complementarily, there is a possibility that allows the integration of specialized external sources. The semantic CBIRn is able to collect and merge results of all of these attached CBIRs. In order to be able to integrate external sources that are willing to join the network, but are not willing to disclose their configuration, an algorithm was developed that approximates these configurations. By categorizing existing as well as external CBIRs and analyzing incoming queries, image queries are exclusively forwarded to the most suitable CBIRs. In this way, images that are not of any use for the user can be omitted beforehand. The hereafter returned images are rendered comparable in order to be able to merge them to one single result list of images, that are similar to the input image. The feasibility of the approach and the hereby obtained improvement of the search process is demonstrated by a prototypical implementation. Using this prototypical implementation an augmentation of the number of returned images that are of the same semantic concept as the input images is achieved by a factor of 4.75 with respect to a predefined non-semantic CBIRn.


This paper deals with a new efficient methodology to solve the Towers of Hanoi in iterative way for parallel computation. The algorithm presented in this paper identifies the disc to be moved and the movement to be performed on each step independently, and hence each step is independent of the previous steps, for exampleFor 3 discs to be moved from peg A to peg C using peg B maintaining the property of discs to be aligned in ascending order on each peg, the earlier methodologies will calculate the first movement to be carried out first then the second and so on till the last step, however this algorithm can calculate the first, second, third or any step irrespective of the earlier steps. Thus, the algorithm presented in this paper has an extra advantage that it can be implemented through parallel computation which the earlier methodology failed to provide. Thus using this algorithm can reduce the execution time of Towers of Hanoi problem considerably. Also space complexity of this algorithm is not much as compared to previous methodologies.


Ski speed can play an essential role for a cross-country athlete's Olympic performance. Optimal race ski preparation depends on accurate estimates of the snow surface conditions on the race course with sufficient lead time to prepare skis. Snow surface and snowpack observations were collected at the Whistler Olympic Park on the 2010 Olympic Cross-Country racing track during February 2008 and 2009. The majority of observations took place during periods of large-scale high pressure systems over British Columbia. Infrared surface temperature measurements sampled every few meters around the ski racing courses are used to examine spatial variations, while point measurements in the cross-country stadium area document temporal changes. Spatial variability exceeded 10°C over the course and daytime temporal variability exceeded 16°C. Model simulations were performed using the SNOWPACK model. The model simulations of surface temperature were within 1°C of those observed during most of the four day period from the stadium area, except during one afternoon when temperatures were overestimated by 2.5°C. Idealized simulations for clear and overcast skies, ongoing precipitation and slope and aspect were examined. All idealized model simulations were consistent with the available observations. i t


Introduction A Strategic Analysis of the CSD Industry The Origins and Development of Soft Drink Distribution The Modern Soft Drink Industry Strategy and Structure in Soft Drink Distribution The Organization of Distribution of Other Major Grocery Manufacturers Antitrust Theories of Bottler Acquisitions Antitrust Challenges in the CSD Industry Increased Operating Efficiencies Arising From Captive Distribution: The St. Louis and Denver Pepsi-Cola Franchises The Output Effects of Captive Distribution: A Case Study of Sales in MEI Markets The Price Effects of Bottler Acquisitions The Competitive Effects of Bottler Acquisitions: The Stock Market Evidence Conclusion


National Revenue Agency /NRA/ are preparing proposals for amendments to the Tax Insurance Procedure Code. The proposals include a number of major changes, among which the most important are the upgrade of the fiscal control system on goods with high fiscal risk; flexible competence of the NRA authorities; enhancing the role of electronic document exchange and optimizing the process of employee exchange of information; introduction of transfer pricing rules for controlled transactions; optimize the process of collecting public receivables.


Summary For over forty years pteridinologists have studied the O2-mediated autoxidation of reduced folate derivatives. This effort has resulted in the identification of several transient intermediates and many products. Until now. however, no clear explanation has emerged of why certain reduced folate derivatives arc less susceptible to autoxidation than others. Presented below is a detailed theoretical model which readily explains the chemical behavior of reduced folate derivatives towards O2. Of note are the steric and electronic forces at work during the formation of the 4a-hydroperoxy intermediate and the stereoelectronic factors that predominate during its breakdown.


We report on the measurement of the two-point correlation function and the pairwise peculiar velocity of galaxies in the IRAS Point Source Catalog Redshift (PSCz) Survey. We compute these statistics first in redshift space and then obtain the projected functions that have simple relations to the real-space correlation functions on the basis of the method developed earlier in analyzing the Las Campanas Redshift Survey (LCRS) by Jing, Mo, & Börner. We find that the real space two-point correlation function can be fitted to a power law ξ(r) = (r0/r)γ with γ = 1.69 and r0 = 3.70 h-1 Mpc. The pairwise peculiar velocity dispersion (PVD) σ12(rp) is close to 400 km s-1 at rp = 3 h-1 Mpc and decreases to about 150 km s-1 at rp ≈ 0.2 h-1 Mpc. These values are significantly lower than those obtained from the LCRS. In order to understand the implications of those measurements on the galaxy biasing, we construct mock samples for a low-density spatially flat cold dark matter model (Ω0 = 0.3, λ0 = 0.7, Γ = 0.2, σ8 = 1) using a set of high-resolution N-body simulations in a box size of 100, 300, and 800 h-1 Mpc. Applying a stronger cluster underweight biasing (∝M-0.25) than for the LCRS (∝M-0.08), we are able to reproduce these observational data, except for the strong decrease of the pairwise peculiar velocity at small separations. This is qualitatively ascribed to the different morphological mixture of galaxies in the two catalogs. Disk-dominated galaxy samples drawn from the theoretically constructed GIF catalog yield results rather similar to our mock samples with the simple cluster underweight biasing. We further apply the phenomenological biasing model in our N-body mock samples, which takes account of the density-morphology relation of galaxies in clusters. The model does not reduce the velocity dispersions of galaxies to the level measured in the PSCz data either. Thus, we conclude that the PVDs of the PSCz galaxies require a biasing model that substantially reduces the PVD on small scales relative to their spatial clustering.


APA (American Psychological Association)1994:APA publication manual. Washington DC: APA. Alderson, J.C. 1999: Reading constructs and reading assessment. In Chalhoub-Deville, M., editor,Issues in computer-adaptive testing of reading proficiency. New York: Cambridge University Press, 49–78. Bachman, L.F., andPalmer, A. 1996: Language testing in practice . New York: Oxford University Press. Chalhoub-Deville, M. in press: Technology in standardized language assessment. In Kaplan, R., editor, Handbook of applied linguistics . Oxford: Oxford University Press. Douglas, D.2000: Assessing languages for specific purposes . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Grabe, W. 1999: Developments in reading research and their implications for computer-adaptive reading assessment. In Chalhoub-Deville, M., editor,Issues in computer-adaptive testing of reading proficiency . New York: Cambridge University Press, 11–48. Read, J. 2000: Assessing vocabulary . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Micheline Chalhoub-Deville University of Iowa


ARTICLES PERSUADING THY NEIGHBOR TO BE AS THYSELF: CONSTITUTIONAL LIMITS ON EVANGELISM IN THE UNITED STATES AND INDIA Jonathan K. Stubbst INTRODUCTION Religious belief is frequently a very personal concern. Ac- cordingly, situations in which individuals discuss beliefs with one another can result in a wide range of consequences. Such conse- quences may include mutual gratitude and growth as well as mu- tual distrust and destruction. t Nearly one quarter of the world's population lives in two nations: India and the United States. These nations assert that they are democracies and that they embrace large and diverse religious populations. Each nation has adopted provisions in its national constitution to deal with the practical issue of how so t Associate Professor of Law, University of Richmond School of Law. Special thanks are due to my colleagues and friends at T. C. Williams School of Law and other scholars in the field who have provided intellectual and moral support. In that regard, I wish to express gratitude to Dean Joseph D. Harbaugh, and Professors Okianer C. Dark, W. Hamilton Bryson, Michael A. Wolf, Paul J. Zwier, J.P. Jones, Gary Leedes, Peter Swisher, Ann C. Hodges, Azizah al-Hibri, Michael Herbert, Lynda Frost, Robert Shepherd, and Nancy Collins. I am extremely indebted to Pro- fessor Rajeev Dhavan who freely shared his counsel from New Delhi, and my col- leagues at other institutions who have been especially helpful, namely, Professors Linda S. Greene, Ved Nanda, Steve Smith, Sandy Levinson, Lawrence Beer, Marc Galanter, John Mansfield, and George Gadbois. For dedicated research help, thanks to Steve Hinckley, Director of the University of Richmond Law Library and the entire library staff, especially Lucinda Harrison-Cox, and Nancy Martin. I also wish to express gratitude to Ms. Marta Tarnawsky, Reference Librarian at the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania Law School, and Aparna Sen, Inter-library Loan Librarian, Harvard Law School, for expert assistance. Thanks also to my student research as- sistants Pamela Johnson, J.D., Jody Holyst, J.D., Gray Collins (class of 1994) and Tim Dorsey (class of 1994). Further thanks to my invaluable secretary, Anne Smith. Final thanks to the Author of all.


As the development of electronic commerce,more and more peasants begin to purchase farm produce through internet.Since website is the entrance of on-line shopping,it's usability plays an important role on influencing the behavior of peasant customers.This text first introduces the concept and factors of agricultural B2C website usability,then expatiates on the existent agricultural B2C website usability issues and the solutions.Thus it offers reference to the designer of agricultural B2C website to enhance the website usability and to attract more peasant customers.


While the concept event has been an important tool in our thinking about causation and action, the concept process has not been appealed to so readily. However, recently, several philosophers have argued that the distinction between events and processes is of much greater metaphysical significance than previously thought. Many of these philosophers have suggested that recognising process as a distinctive ontological category is important for understanding action and agency. One theory of processes which has become popular is a theory I call the "temporal stuff view" of processes. According to the temporal stuff view, processes are the "temporal stuffs" from which events are composed. I propose an alternative to the temporal stuff view. On my theory, processes are a special kind of universal. I suggest that engaging in a process is analogous to instantiating a property, and that events are instances of processes. On this proposal, a substance's engagement in a process is a special sort of state of affairs (a dynamic state of affairs). I argue that this alternative theory of processes does better than the temporal stuff view when it comes to helping us understand action and agency.


Core competency represents the essential ability to meet a jobs requirements. Recently, the studies on nursing core competency have become the focus of attention in nursing education and management. Based on literature review, the connotation and assessment instruments of nursing core competency were discussed. Meanwhile, nursing core competency was suggested to be developed through competency-based education model and performance-based promotion system.

Key words:
Nursing;  Core competency;  Cultivation;  Development


A precision test of hydrometer method, used to determine soil texture, was conducted on selected 10 soil samples, compared to pipette method. Soil texture measurements with hydrometer method were performed with monitoring the temperature of soil suspension in settling cylinder. The temperature and its fluctuation during settling time had a range of and , respectively. The difference of clay content between hydrometer and pipette method were distributed from -6.4% to 4.0%. Positive end of difference in clay content was observed at soil having very low clay content, whereas negative end at soil having high organic matter content and exchangeable cations. Except both ends, difference in clay content of soils was less than 3%, and expecially closed to 0% in soils having clay content more than 25%. The difference of sand content were distributed from -1.5% to 4.2%. Similar to clay content, positive end soil was soil sample having lowest sand content.


Channel State Information (CSI) at the base stations obtained via the uplink training is an important factor in cellular and multiuser Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) communication networks. In massive MIMO cellular networks with pilotbased training, the most adopted approach is to employ the same set of orthogonal training symbols in each cell. This is called the full-pilot reuse (FPR) scheme. In this paper, we consider the lesscommon but a more practical approach where each cell uses different sets of orthogonal training symbols and call this scheme as the Different Orthogonal Pilot (DOP) sequences. In particular, we focus on the downlink performance of massive MIMO networks with the Maximum Ratio Transmission (MRT) precoder at the base stations. The analysis is performed in the large system regime where the number of antennas at each base station and the number of users at each cell tend to infinity with a fixed ratio. We obtain a new expression for the Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) in that regime, called the limiting SINR. Numerical simulations show that it can approximate the finite-size systems accurately. Furthermore, the simulations also indicate that the DOP scheme can give a better SINR and a higher user capacity compared to those of the FPR scheme.


High pressure deuterium annealing on the hot carrier reliability characteristics of HfSiO metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) was investigated. Comparing with the conventional forming gas (H2/Ar=10%/96%, 480 °C, 30 min) annealed sample, MOSFET annealed in 5 atm pure deuterium ambient at 400 °C showed the improvement of linear drain current, reduction of interface trap density, and improvement of the hot carrier reliability characteristics. These improvements can be attributed to the effective passivation of the interface trap site after high pressure annealing and heavy mass effect of deuterium. These results indicate that high pressure pure deuterium annealing can be a promising process for improving device performance as well as hot carrier reliability, together.


This paper describes a new passive thermal control device—a Reversible Thermal Panel (RTP), which changes its function reversibly from a radiator to solar absorber by deploying/stowing the radiator/absorber reversible fin. Parametric studies were conducted and the RTP configuration which satisfies the thermal requirements was determined. The RTP engineering model was fabricated using highly oriented graphite sheets, honeycomb base plate, and shape memory alloy. The heat rejection performances and autonomous thermal controllability were evaluated by thermal vacuum tests. The test results show the excellent performances of heat rejection, absorption, and autonomous thermal control for the RTP. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 35(7): 464–481, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20131


United Nations foreign aid groups enjoy what is perhaps some of the most unqualified public support of any organization. But we have found that not only do they promote abortion using tax money, but they even lie about it.


— Map Reduce is the technique widely used to improve the speed and accuracy of finding motifs in time series data. The traditional methods and algorithms of motif discovery in time series data, which are both time consuming as well as computationally expensive. However, the problem of motif discovery in healthcare domain is defined in a much more lucid terms based on the analytical pattern useful for the practitioners. In order to overcome the drawbacks of the present motif discovery methods, our system propose a Motif Discovery method for Large-scale time series data (MDLats) by combining the advantages of both exact and approximate methods.


VIII. SUMMARY
The present experimental work was carried out on the grounds of the Experimental Farm "Palmar", belonging to the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Babahoyo, located at km. 10.5 of the Babahoyo - Montalvo highway, with the objective of evaluating the effect of Ethephon, on the agronomic behavior and yield of the rice crop.

The variety that was planted was the certified INIAP FL 1480 Cristalino rice seed in plots of 12 m2, where the effect of Ethephon was evaluated with three treatments (dose), three sub-treatments (time of application) and one control, with three repetitions and an experimental design of divided plots with factorial arrangement A x B + 1. For the evaluation of the means of the treatments, the analysis of variance was used and the comparison of means was made with the Tukey test at 95 % of probabilities.

At the end of the crop cycle, the following were evaluated: plant height, number of tillers per m2, panicle number per m2, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, thousand grains weight, foliar analysis, days to flowering, days the maturation of grain, grain - straw ratio, yield per hectare and economic analysis.

The results established that the use of Ethephon at different doses and time of application, affect the agronomic performance and yield of the rice crop. The variables plant height, number of tillers per m2, panicle number per m2, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, thousand grains weight and yield per hectare showed high statistical significance in the interactions; while the days to flowering, days to ripening and the grain - straw ratio, did not present significant differences. Regarding the foliar analyzes, the results showed in all the treatments an increase of the ethylene, mainly in the one that was applied the highest dose of 0,75 L / ha with the application time 60 ddt.

The highest yield and the highest net profit were obtained with the dose of 0,75 L / ha at 40 ddt.

Keywords: rice, yield, Ethephon, agronomic.


A brief outline of the application of the polarized beam technique to studies of the magnetic-form factor is given. Limitations on the accuracy of the final data imposed by corrective factors are noted. A summary of the main results of the measurements taken to date and a discussion of the proposed investigations are presented.


The new sector-focused cyclotrons have more energetic and better focused beams at the extraction radius than do ordinary cyclotrons. While the first characteristic requires a more intense electric field, the second permits this field to extend over a smaller volume. By tailoring the electrode geometry to the se characte ristic s of the b earn, the required deflector gap and electrode surface become smaller, and a higher gradient can be held without sparking. A different compromise between radioactivity, power dissipation, and resistance to spark damage must be made in selecting electrode materials. Carefully designed electrostatic deflectors perform very well in sector-focused cyclotrons of intermediate energy. Deflector efficiencies of about 50% and external-beam intensities of 20 ~A have been obtained in the Lawrence Laboratory} s 88 -Inch Cyclotron.


Threedimensional entity model of single toggle jaw crusher by solidworks 2001.is set up.Meanwhile,basic thinking and method about how to set up three-dimensional model are put forward.


Background: The treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (CLL/SLL) has continued to evolve in recent years, offering the patients different therapeutic options. Venetoclax (ven) is a selective, small molecule inhibitor of B-cell receptor-2 (BCL-2) approved by the FDA for patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory CLL. Stratification based on tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) risk is recommended and may guide debulking strategies.
 Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 36 patients with relapsed/refractory (RR) CLL who received treatment with ven at the Moffitt Cancer Center between January 2016 and July 2019. Objective response to therapy was determined based on iwCLL. Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated via Kaplan-Meier method; overall response rate (ORR) and complete response (CR) via Fisher's exact test. Adverse events (AEs) were graded by CTCAEv5.
 Results: The median age was 58.5 years (28-82). Median follow up was 12.97 months. The vast majority of patients had high risk disease; Chromosomal analysis by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) reported Del17p and Del11q (+/- others, except Del17p) in 18 (50%) patients and 6 (16.7%) patients respectively. Twenty one (58.3%) patients had a TP53 mutation by next generation sequencing. Twenty five (80.6%) patients had unmutated IGHV status, and 24 (79.9%) patients had high or very high CLL-International prognostic Index (CLL-IPI) score. Twenty-four patients (66.7%) had been previously treated with Ibrutinib, 11 of those progressing on it. Further characteristics are described in table 1.
 Median OS was not reached. Median PFS was 23.93 months, figure 1a. Median duration of response was 25.97 months. The ORR (PR+CR) at the time of analysis was 63.9%, with CR rate of 33.3%, and PR rate of 30.6%. Nine patients (25%) had stable disease (SD), while four patients (11.1%) progressed on treatment. Minimal residual disease (MRD) was evaluated as part of the response assessment in 7 patients (19.4%) by flow cytometry (1 patient) and by clonoSEQ (6 patients), and 4 (11.1%) had achieved undetectable disease. Response rates were also based on risk stratification; OS and PFS were not affected by the presence of TP53 mutation (p=0.1145) as described in figure 1b, IGHV unmutated status, or NOTCH1 mutation. PFS was inferior in patients with high-very high CLL-IPI score (p=0.0414), figure 1c. The presence of bulky lymphadenopathy (≥5 cm) did not affect outcomes (p=0.5772), figure 1d.
 Reasons for treatment discontinuation were: progressive disease (PD) in 6 (16.7%), MD/patient preference in 5 (13.9%), Richter's transformation in 2 (5.6%), AEs in 1 (2.8%), allogeneic transplant in 1 (2.8%), and death while on treatment in 1 (2.8%) case.
 Twenty patients (55.6%) were considered to be at intermediate/high risk of developing TLS, of whom 15 (75%) received debulking therapy with rituximab (1), ofatumumab (11), or obinutuzumab (3) prior to ven. Based on the absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), the risk of TLS became low in 12 patients. The use of a debulking monoclonal antibody (MoAb) improved lymphocytosis, but did not impact PFS.
 Treatment was well tolerated, and was not dependent on the use of debulking MoAb; however, out of the 18 patients (50%) who underwent debulking therapy, 9 (25%) had grade 3/4 toxicities. Neutropenia was the most common grade 3/4 toxicity in all patients, which was seen in 7 (19.4%) patients, and diarrhea was the most common grade 3/4 non-hematologic toxicity, seen in 4 (11.1%) patients; grade 3/4 neutropenia was seen in 4 (57.1%) of those patients who received debulking therapy, while diarrhea was only seen in 1 (25%). No cases of TLS were observed. Ten patients (27.8%) were admitted for ramp up of ven as per physician preference, independent of TLS risk and comorbidities.
 Conclusion: Venetoclax is a very active agent for R/R CLL with an acceptable toxicity profile. Debulking strategy is a tolerable option for patients with high burden disease and may reduce the incidence of TLS and/or hospitalization. Nonetheless, based on this retrospective study, it does not seem to have a significant impact in outcomes, and it carries a higher risk for potential cumulative toxicity.

 Chavez: Genentech: Speakers Bureau; Kite Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Sandoval-Sus:Seattle Genetics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Shah:Celgene/Juno: Honoraria; Kite/Gilead: Honoraria; Incyte: Research Funding; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Honoraria; Adaptive Biotechnologies: Honoraria; Spectrum/Astrotech: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; AstraZeneca: Honoraria. Bello:Celgene: Speakers Bureau. Sokol:EUSA: Consultancy. Nodzon:Pfizer: Consultancy; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy; Genentech: Consultancy, Other: Speaker Fees; Abbvie: Other: Speaker Fees. Pinilla Ibarz:Bayer: Speakers Bureau; TG Therapeutics: Consultancy; Teva: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy; Takeda: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Abbvie: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Sanofi: Speakers Bureau.


In order to reduce the gear screaming noise of automotive transmission,by means of Masta software,the simulation on the effects of tooth form and tooth orientation modification of the main gear pair was carried out.The influences of modified parameters on the characteristics and the error of gear transmission as well as the contact stress were investigated and formulated.The results show:appropriate tip relief can reduce the interference of gear mesh effectively;barrelling relief can improve the interference between gear root and gear tip;lead crown relief can improve the unbalance load of maximum contact stress;the combination of the whole of them can reduce gear transmission error and maximum contact stress.


P. E. teaching model should he on the basis of it's characteristic. According to guiding ideology, we have created a model-"attempt, guild, practice, and appraise" This model has the features such as originality, practicability, operationally effective and so on.


22 cases submitted to sub-total hemispherectomy are discussed. In selected group of infantile hemiplegia where epilepsy and behavior disturbances are present, and investigations prove that the other hemisphere is normal, this operation is of great benefit. Nevertheless long follow-up of these cases is necessary pefor"O a final judgement can be passed, Age should-be no barrier to selection, as those of 18 - 25 have benefited as much as young chlidren. Post-operatively there has been no diminution of movements of the ~ffected side. This has been explained on the basis of recent experiments and observation on the motor function of cerebral cortex,


Motivated by the problem of microfluidic mixing, optimal control of advective mixing in Stokes fluid flows is considered. The velocity field is assumed to be induced by a finite set of spatially distributed force fields that can be modulated arbitrarily with time, and a passive material is advected by the flow. To quantify the degree of mixedness of a density field, we use a Sobolev space norm of negative index. We frame a finite-time optimal control problem for which we aim to find the modulation that achieves the best mixing for a fixed value of the action (the time integral of the kinetic energy of the fluid body) per unit mass. We derive the first-order necessary conditions for optimality that can be expressed as a two-point boundary value problem (TPBVP) and discuss some elementary properties that the optimal controls must satisfy. A conjugate gradient descent method is used to solve the optimal control problem and we present numerical results for two problems involving arrays of vortices. A comparison of the mixing performance shows that optimal aperiodic inputs give better results than sinusoidal inputs with the same energy.


The aggregation behavior of ion-exchanged nickel species ranging from 0.77 to 14.6 wt % in loading on Loy Yang brown coal was studied. The exchanged nickel species aggregated to metal particles at 600−770 K during pyrolysis, depending on the amount of exchanged nickel species. The evolution of volatile components was affected by the amount of exchanged nickel species. Two peaks of CO evolution appeared, one at 650−770 K, depending on the amount of exchanged nickel species and the other at ca. 880 K, comparable to a broader peak at 870 K for an acid washed coal. The CO evolution peaks become larger with increasing nickel loading. The CO2 evolution peak appeared at 650 K and it became larger with increasing nickel loading, and a new CO2 evolution peak appeared at 850 K for the nickel loadings more than 4.2 wt %, which was negligible for the acid-washed coal. The decomposition behavior of Loy Yang coal is explained by the aggregation behavior of nickel species.


Boletus calopus and closely related mushrooms of the Boletus section Calopodes are characterized by their bitter taste, which is caused mainly by O-acetylcyclocalopin A (6a), a member of a series of unique δ-lactone derivatives. Besides the simple lactone calopin (1b) and its O-acetyl derivative 1a, the more complex cyclocalopins 6−12 have been isolated and their structures elucidated. Cyclocalopin D (10a) is an unprecedented α-glucoside in which the sugar residue is bound to an enolic hydroxy group. The chemical conversion of 6b into 1a established the same stereochemistry for the calopin and cyclocalopin types of metabolites. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002)


Brain healthy foods that you should be including in your diet right now to help you with concentration, focus memory. Your brain allows you to ...


Rattans are one of the main non-wood forest products that provide livelihood for millions of tribal and rural populations in the world. There are 13 genera of rattans comprising about 568 species. During a recent survey 60 species of rattans have been recorded from India. The distributional status in the three regions, the Western Ghats of Peninsular India, Eastern and North Eastern India and Andaman and Nicobar Islands is given. In the context of the rapid decline of rattan bearing forests, conservation measures, both ex situ and in situ to be taken for sustained supplies of canes are suggested. In India, the main fields of research included taxonomic diversity and distribution, nursery, plantation technology, structure, properties and processing, and socioeconomics. This paper examines the present status of the resources and industry along with the major issues in resource availability, conservation, processing and marketing. Some important and immediate actions to be taken are also suggested.


Designing survey questions that clearly and precisely communicate the question's intent and elicit responses based on the intended interpretation is critical but often undervalued. We used cognitive interviewing to qualitatively assess respondents' interpretation and responses to questions pertaining to maternal and child nutrition intervention coverage.

 We conducted interviews with mothers (N = 21) with children less than one year in Madhya Pradesh, India, to cognitively test 25 survey questions. Each question was followed by probes to capture information on four cognitive stages - comprehension, retrieval, judgement, and response. Interviews were recorded and notes were taken on verbal and non-verbal cues. Data were analyzed for common and unique patterns across the survey questions within the cognitive domains and grouped into challenges.

 We identified four types of cognitive challenges: 1) Poor retention of multiple concepts in long questions: difficulty in comprehending and retaining questions with three or more key concepts; 2) Temporal confusion: difficulty in conceptualizing recall periods such as "in the last 6 months" as compared to life stages such as pregnancy; 3) Misinterpretation of concepts: misinterpretation of the information being asked; meaning of certain terms such as "animal-source foods" was considered as referring to meat products only and not milk and eggs; scope of intervention using the phrase "talk with you" in referring to counseling was interpreted in different ways by respondents; and 4) Poor understanding of technical terms: difficulty in understanding even commonly-used technical words such as "breastfeeding" and "antenatal care" requiring the use of plain and simple alternative language.

 Findings from this study will be useful for stakeholders involved in survey design and implementation, especially those conducting large-scale household surveys to improve coverage data of essential nutrition interventions, which is critical for policy actions

 Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through the DataDENT initiative and the Improving Measurement and Program Design grant, and the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH), led by the International Food Policy Research Institute.


Ecological studies of two sympatric species of genus Saguinus were carried out with special reference to difference of forest utilization in western Pando, Bolivia from July to December 1979. Saguinus f uscr・col/isweddelli and S. labiatus labiatus made intraspecifically territoriastic groups consisting of 2 to 7 individuals. and often made interspecifically associated groups. They moved in associated groups in the day time. However, there were di汀erencesin height preference for moving and in the size of the insects consumed by the 2 species. The animals also had their own parturition seasons and sleeping sites. S. labiatus is larger than S. fuscicollis in body size, and the intermembral index showed a larger value for S.fuscicollis than for S. labiatus.


Cryptography has been used for secure communication for thousands of years. However, today, cryptography faces new challenges. The increase of computing power, the increasing use of small devices like smart cards, as well as the possibility of quantum computing becoming a reality, require new cryptographic systems that offer security relying on different assumptions of classic ones. Furthermore, it is necessary small key sizes as well as fast encryption and decryption. Finite Automata Public Key Cryptosystems, FAPKCs, are systems based on finite transducers, that meet the previous requirements. Their security does not rely on complexity assumptions related to number theory problems, as classical ones. Also, these cryptosystems offer relatively small key sizes as well as linear encryption and decryption times complexity. As in other cryptosystems, a fundamental concept in FAPKC is the capacity of inverting the encryption procedure, in a way that is hard to anyone except to the owner of the private key. In this sense, these cryptosystems depend heavily on results of invertibility of finite transducers, as well as, results about the special product used to generate the public key. In this dissertation, we study this two concepts and present a wide variety of examples in order to help the readers to understand them. The main contributions of this work are the extended definition of quasi-linear finite transducers with memory, the formalization of a procedure to check injectivity and construct inverses of finite transducers with memory (linear and quasi-linear) and the extension to the Bao-Igarashi attack to FAPKC to all possible values of injectivity delay.


Initialization of background model also known as foreground-free image against outliers or noise is a very important task for various computer vision applications. Tensor deomposition using Higher Order Robust Principal Component Analysis has been shown to be a very efficient framework for exact recovery of low-rank (corresponds to the background model) component. Recent study shows that tensor decomposition based on online optimization into low- rank and sparse component addressed the limitations of memory and computational issues as compared to the earlier approaches. However, it is based on the iterative optimization of nuclear norm which is not always robust when the large entries of an input observation tensor are corrupted against outliers. Therefore, the task of background modeling shows a weak performance in the presence of an increasing number of outliers. To address this issue, this paper presents an extension of an online tensor decomposition into low-rank and sparse components using a maximum norm constraint. Since, maximum norm regularizer is more robust than nuclear norm against large number of outliers, therefore the proposed extended tensor based decomposition framework with maximum norm provides an accurate estimation of background scene. Experimental evaluations on synthetic data as well as real dataset such as Scene Background Modeling Initialization (SBMI) show encouraging performance for the task of background modeling as compared to the state of the art approaches.


The Hubble Space Telescope is a Ritchie-Chrétien optical design with a main primary concave mirror followed by a convex secondary. The focus is determined by the position of each of these two mirrors. The truss containing them is made of graphite epoxy which has very low thermal expansion. Nevertheless, temperature variations do cause the mirror separation to vary by several microns within an orbit. Additionally, outgassing of water vapor causes a long-term shrinkage which soon after launch in 1990 varied by more than 2 microns per month. This necessitated adjusting the position of the secondary mirror every few months. Currently this rate is greatly reduced and adjustments are needed less than once per year. The focus is monitored monthly to continually assess the need for such adjustments. The measurements have been used to develop models to predict the focus at times between measurements to assist in the analysis of observations. Detailed focus knowledge is of value in photometry, coronagraphy and image deconvolution. The various focus models that have been applied so far are described with an evaluation of their performance. Continuing attempts to refine the model will be discussed.


50 Structure and L'!lraslruclu,'e of Midroorg7nisms. _ln Introduction to a ('omparalive Substi'uctural A nato?!)!, of Cellular Organization. E. M. BRIEGER, St ramigeways Research Laboratory, Camiibridge, Emiglamid. Academuiic Press, New \'oimk ami(! London. 327 pp., illus. $10.00. The present treatise is one of thie few volumes on ultrastructure as revealed by electron miiicroscopy to) whiich the memuiamks mnade by Shostrand are not applicable, namely that ''the mere fact that a l)iCttire cami initiate an idea is considered t)roof that the idea is correct'' amid that ''those who can put most artistic speculatioin and imagination into their imiterpretations will attract most attention'' (Y'he Interpretation o.f ('!trastructure, Ed. R. J. C. Harris, Acad. Press, 1962, p 47). Throughout the book the author critically reviews the evidence for the existemice of orgamielles in microorganisms and their structural relation to similar organelles in hiighier tilauits and animals, drawing not only 010 the results obtaimied by electron microscopy, but also 0(m) those obtained by ordinary microscopy amid! cyto(chenuistry. For example, discussing the


Objectives: The aim of the study was to characterize the mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in A. baumannii isolates collected in the frames of a multicenter study and to study their molecular epidemiology. Material and Methods: In total 115 A. baumannii isolates were collected in 13 diagnostic laboratories located in Northern part of Croatia in 2009. Antibiotic susceptibilities were determined by broth microdilution method according to CLSI. E-test MBL strips were used for detection of metallo-b-lactamases (MBLs). PCR was used to detect the presence of oxacillinases (OXA-51, OXA-23, OXA-24 and OXA-58) and MBLs of VIM, IMP and SIM series. The genetic context of blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-58 genes was determined by PCR mapping with the primers for ISAbaI and IsabaIII combined with forward and reverse primers for blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-58. Genotyping of the isolates was performed by PFGE. Results: There were 97% of the strains resistant to piperacillin, 94% to ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and gentamicin, 91% to ciprofloxacin, 89% to ceftazidime, 68% to tobramycin, 60% to amikacin and 29% to ampicillin/sulbactam. No resistance to colistin was observed. Colistin was the most potent antibiotic with MIC90 of 2 mg/L. Twelve isolates were found to be resistant to both carbapenems. Nine of them were shown to possess blaOXA58-like gene and three blaOXA-40 like gene. The strains susceptible to carbapenems were positive only for naturally ocurring OXA-51 b-lactamase whereas eight isolates with intermediate susceptibility to one or both carbapenems were shown to possess ISAbaI insertion sequence upstream of blaOXA-51 gene. No MBLs were found. Only OXA-58 b-lactamase was inhibited by sodium chloride. Chromosomal AmpC b-lactamases did not affect the susceptibility to carbapenems. None of the isolates exhibited significant synergy between meropenem and CCCP, indicating that overexpression of proton-gradient depended efflux pumps did not contribute to the meropenem resistance. The strains producing only OXA-51 b-lactamase were found to belong to EU clone I whereas OXA-40 and OXA-58 producers were asigned to EU clone II. Three strains positive for blaOXA-40 like genes were clonally related. Conclusions: The emergence of carbapenem resistance in A. baumannii in Northern Croatia is associated with the production of acquired oxacillinases belonging to OXA-58 and OXA-40 like groups. Carbapenem resistant isolates producing acquired oxacillinases belonged to EU clone II.


In this article, I offer a review of the uses and findings regarding public issue salience in the political science literature, with a focus on electoral behaviour. I argue that in spite of the increased use of issue salience in recent years, with impressive explanatory results, the concept of issue salience remains underspecified and, at times, contradictory and that its antecedents remain relatively unknown. This is likely to have led to serious shortcomings when attempting to explain recent changes to party systems and electoral results in advanced democracies.


In this paper we address the cyclic scheduling problem in flow lines. We develop a modeling framework and an integer programming formulation of the problem. We subsequently present exact and approximate solution procedures. The exact solution procedure is a branch-and-bound algorithm which uses Lagrangian and station-based relaxations of the integer programming formulation of the problem as the lower bounding method. Our heuristic procedures show a performance superior to the available ones in the literature. Finally, we address the stability issue in cyclic scheduling, demonstrate its relationship to the work-in-progress inventory control of a flow line, and present a very simple procedure to generate stable schedules in flow lines. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


In this paper basically we have compared the efficiency of image retrieval using the most efficient type of classifiers i.e. Support Vector Machine (SVM) with linear kernel mapping and the Hellinger kernel mapping applied to various classes of images and also varied representation of the corresponding image classes using Matlab R2009a.The results obtained from simulation show that Hellinger kernel mapping yields improved performance as compared to the linear kernel mapping. The database consists of a collection of images of different classes whose feature vectors are calculated using Dense Scale Invariant Feature transform (SIFT) and are quantized to visual words whose frequency is recorded in a histogram for each spatial tile of the image. Then the resultant feature vectors are used to train both the linear kernel and Hellinger kernel for different class of images and varied representation of them. The resulting precision and recall graphs and Average Precision (AP) gives us the performance efficiency of various classes of images with varied representation and the classifier mapping used. It is observed from the graphs and AP values that efficiency of the system is increased with Hellinger kernel given more positive images are contained in the database. KeywordsHellinger Kernel, Image Classification, Image Retrieval, Kernel Functions, Linear kernel, SIFT, Support Vector Machine


Suppose that a query q is generated by a generative model p(q | θQ) with θQ denoting the parameters of the query unigram language model. Similarly, assume that a document d is generated by a generative model p(d | θD) with θD denoting the parameters of the document unigram language model. If θQ and θD are the estimated query and document language models respectively, then, the relevance value of d with respect to q can be measured by the following negative KL-divergence function [Zhai and Lafferty, 2001a]:


Poultry meat is an indispensable source of animal protein in human diets. In recent time, meat quality perception by consumers is negatively affected due to its implication in the incidence of chronic diseases due to the imbalance in its fatty acid composition. Hence, manipulating the fatty acid profile of poultry meat without compromising growth performance, immune system, meat quality and shelf life need more investigation. Dietary fat is an important source of energy and can be used to modify the fatty acid composition of animal products. Thus, the current study investigated the effects of different oils sources on fatty acid composition, growth performance,immune response, gene expression and meat quality of broiler chickens. The study was conducted in four phases. The first phase examined the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) of palm oil (PO),soybean oil (SO) and linseed oil (LO) in broiler chickens. The AME assay was conducted using the classical total excreta collection between days 21 and 29 post hatch. A corn-soy based diet was formulated and the test diets, each containing either PO, LO or SO were formulated by replacing (w/w) 60 g/kg of the basal diet with PO,SO or LO. The results showed that the AME did not differ (P> 0.05) between the test diets. The second phase investigated the effects of different oil sources on growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology and meat quality in broiler chickens. A total of 126, one-day old birds were fed either PO, SO or LO at 6% for 42 d. Birds fed diet supplemented with SO and PO had higher (P 0.05) differences were observed between the dietary treatments for growth performance, dressing percentage, meat quality, antioxidant activity, villi height and plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG). The fourth phase assessed the effect of graded levels of blend of PO, SO and LO in the ratio of 4:1:1 on growth performance, carcass characteristics, serum lipid profile,immune response, tissue fatty acid profiles and gene experission in the liver and breast mucle tissues in broiler chicken. A total of 216 one-day-old chicks were randomly assigned into six dietary treatments of six replicates (6 chicks per replicate). The birds received any of the six levels of oil blend (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10% of diet). Results showed that increasing dietary oil blend up to 8% improved (P 0.05) differences were observed between the dietary treatments for dressing percentage, lipid oxidation and proximate composition of breast meat except for fat content. It can be concluded that dietary oils differ in their effects on growth performance and meat quality of broiler chickens. Modifying the n-6: n-3 FAR via oil blends is an effective strategy for modifying the fatty acid profile of broiler meat without compromising growth performance, immune response, meat quality and shelf life in broiler chickens. Moreover, oil blend can be included up to 8% in the broiler diet to improve growth performance, gut morphology, reduce breast meat cholesterol and total serum cholesterol and production of lean meat.


After introducing a popular development tool for database application Power Builder, this paper gives some skills to enhance the response-speed, to reduce the network load, to average the load between server and clients, and results are given to support this skills.


" From Gone with the Wind to Designing Women, images in film and fiction tend to obscure the diversity of American women below the Mason-Dixon line. In a work that lays bare many myths and stereotypes, Margaret Ripley Wolfe offers the first professional synthesis of southern women's experiences across the centuries. In telling their stories, she considers many lives-those of Native-American, African American, and white women from the tidewater and Appalachia to the Gulf Coastal Plain and Mississippi Delta, women whose varied economic and social circumstances resist simple explanations. Here are stories of wives, mothers, pioneers, soldiers, suffragists, politicians, and activists-women with ambition, grit and endurance.


New York City's West Side Highway is an elevated roadway running along the west edge of Manhattan, adjacent to the once booming piers along the Hudson River. When opened in the 1920's, it was an engineering marvel, helping to unsnarl the tangle of private cars and cargo-carrying trucks in the busy pier areas. But in the 50 years since, inadequate maintenance (e.g. failure to clean roadway drains and paint steel) and deicing salts have brought about deterioration of the roadway surface, and worse, severe corrosion of much of the structural steel supporting the highway. Nearly two years ago, highly corroded structural steel let go under the weight of a heavy truck, a whole section of the roadway and the truck plunging to the street 14 ft below. Presently, long stretches of the elevated roadway are closed. Recently a multi-million dollar replacement road was proposed. But with the city in a financial pinch, rehabilitation—and even removing the elevated roadway in some sections and using an on-grade road—looks like the best bet.


Summary form only given. Multichannel pseudospark switches are promising to serve as long lifetime closing switches in pulsed power applications with currents higher than 100 kA. Such switches, where the several discharge channels are arranged around one common hollow cathode, have the advantage of simultaneously igniting all discharge channels by triggering one hollow cathode plasma. The discharge plasma is driven by magnetic forces generated by the discharge current along the electrode. In a geometry where the discharge plasma can be concentrated on the symmetry axis a high erosion is observed at this point. In this work, a geometry is presented where the gap is closed by a second insulator. In this case a concentration of the discharge plasma can not occur. For this geometry special care has to be devoted to the influence of the magnetic forces on the spatial distribution of the discharge current in order to avoid contact of the discharge plasma with the second insulator.


The orf282 gene of Rhodobacter sphaeroides is located between the ccoNOQP operon encoding cbb3 terminal oxidase and the fnrL gene encoding an anaerobic activator, FnrL. Its function remains unknown. In an attempt to reveal the function of the orf282 gene, we disrupted the gene by deleting a portion of the orf282 gene and constructed an orf282-knockout mutant. Two FnrL binding sites were found to be located upstream of orf282, and it was demonstrated that orf282 is positively regulated by FnrL. The orf282 gene is not involved in the regulation of spectral complex formation. The cbb3 oxidase activity detected in the orf282 mutant was comparable to that in the wild-type sample, indicating that the orf282 gene is not involved in the regulation of the ccoNOQP operon and the biosynthesis of the cbb3 cytochrome c oxidase. The elevated promoter activity of the nifH and nifA genes, which are the structural genes of nitrogenase and its regulator, respectively, in the orf282 mutant, suggests that the orf282 gene product acts as a negative effector for nifH and nifA expression.