The mid-Pliocene was an episode of prolonged global warmth and strong North Atlantic thermohaline circulation, interrupted briefly at ca. 3.30 Ma by a global cooling event corresponding to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) M2. We have combined Mg/Ca ratios and 18 O from Globigerina bulloides with dinoflagellate cyst assemblage data from three IODP/DSDP sites to reconstruct the palaeoceanography of the eastern North Atlantic between ca. 3.4 and 3.2 Ma. Sea-surface temperature reconstructions indicate warm waters at IODP Site 1308 and DSDP Site 610 before and after MIS M2, but a cooling of ca. 2‐3˚C during MIS M2. A dinoflagellate cyst assemblage overturn, characterized by a significant decline in Operculodinium centrocarpum at those sites, points to a reduced northward heat transport and weakened influence of the NAC. The reduced northward heat transport at the northerly sites occurs about 23‐35 ka in advance of the maximum global ice volume of MIS M2. Hence, it has been suggested that changes in North Atlantic circulation led to the expansion of the Greenland ice-sheet and initiated the global cooling event at MIS M2. Preliminary results from the more southerly IODP Site U1313 do not record the marked changes of the northerly site. Our foraminiferal Mg/Ca data and the dinoflagellate cyst assemblages shows only minor variability and no expressed cooling around MIS M2, suggesting that only the higher latitudes experienced significant cooling. In contrast, cooling is reflected around that time in an alkenone based sea surface temperature record from the same site. Our multiproxy approach allows a first attempt at unravelling the ecological preferences of extant and extinct Pliocene dinoflagellate cysts. For at least one species, Impagidinium pallidum, a contradiction is apparent between its present and Pliocene spatial and temporal distributions, which could be explained by changes in seasonality, transport paths, or ecological preference.


Welcome to the first workshop on "Breaking Frontiers of Computational Biology (COMPBIO'09)". In our post-genomic era the vast mass of biological data is growing more than ever before. The creation of automatic tools and techniques to organize, analyze and, most of all, unravel the underlying information is one of the most searched and less well solved problems in biological and computational sciences. The main goal of this workshop is to provide to researchers from computational and biological disciplines a meeting point to present and discuss their ideas and solutions to problems concerning computational issues in biology. To this aim the length of workshop papers is shorter than regular conference papers, yet still allowing new ideas to be proposed and evaluated. We are pleased with the variety of topics covered in received papers, ranging from DNA analysis to protein structure prediction.


This study is devoted to the comparison of shear wall computational models and the juxtaposition of displacement and stress fields. Two types of numerical models are compared. The first type concerns discretization of the geometry by using the beam finite elements model, and the second type-with plane finite elements. The displacements and the internal forces are used as the key indicators for the comparison of the mechanical behaviour. Some conclusions have been drawn, as well as recommendations have been made on the application of the juxtaposed type computational models and their practical application in real life.


Abstract In an earlier paper it was shown that the presence of bottom topography can substantially alter the Sverdrup prediction for the large-scale wind driven flow. In their model the abyssal water is set in motion by the eddy field, parameterized as lateral diffusion of potential vorticity. If the topography has a structure in the east-west direction, then the solution found in the inviscid limit by Cessi and Pedlosky predicts the occurrence of strong jets in the interior of the model ocean. In this note I used a numerical model to test whether the jets predicted by the analytic solutions survive when inertia and diffusion are included explicitly. In the inviscid limit, according to the structure of the topography these internal jets can occur in both vertically homogeneous and stratified models. Specifically, if the topographic slope changes sign, then one kind of jets is observed both in baroclinic and barotropic models. In the present work it is shown that this phenomenon is observed with moderate a...


moment. On the one hand, male honour is dependent on female chastity, which it is impossible for men to control; and this leads to an interesting discussion of one of the earlier texts, Lucrece. On the other and more fundamentally masculinity is conceived in binary opposition to an Other, woman, who is both inferior and superior, necessary but unknowable and unattainable; and who, in certain contexts, turns out to be alarmingly similar to men. This leads to some acute comment on Petrarchism, which dominated much of the writing of the 1590s, and which is one of the main sites for the construction of this discourse; and to a valuable account of Love's Labour's Lost which, on one reading at least, amounts to a deconstruction of Petrarchism. It also leads to some useful comment on Othello, perhaps the archetypal text on jealousy of the time. Here the focus of the discussion is on Emilia who articulates from the edge of the text the marginalised voice of women articulated elsewhere in the culture of the day: by Jane Anger, for instance, in the 'querelles des femmes', whose Protection for Women appeared in 1589. Breitenberg concludes the book with his discussion of Othello; and he gives the last word to Emilia. In a sense, so does Shakespeare: her words come like the light of day towards the end of the text. Throughout the book, he has insisted on the historical specificity of all constructions of subjectivity; and he also insists, not only on a reality beyond discourse, but on the possibility of human agency reconstructing subjectivity. He is well aware, too, of a contemporary crisis in gender relations in our own culture; and sees it as one of the purposes of the book to deconstruct the notion of binary gender difference. The contradictions and anxieties of early modern patriarchy are not inevitable, however much they are residual in our own time. Gender relations can be renewed by listening to Emilia listening to women. This is a book to be welcomed and to be widely read.


Objective: To establish normative clinical data for Scapula-humeral muscle strength of men and women, ages 18-24 years, using a Push-Pull hydraulic type hand held Dynamometer (500 lb) and to find the intra-rater reliability of this device too. Design: The study collected objective 5Scapula-humeral muscle strength data for 40 healthy boys and girls using the Push-Pull hydraulic type hand held Dynamometer (500 lb). Setting: The study was conducted in Out-Patient Physiotherapy department, MSAJ College of Physiotherapy. Subjects: 40 normal volunteers (14 boys and 26 girls). Methods: 5 muscle groups of Scapula-humeral muscles were tested using standardized methodology. Main Outcome Measurements: Data were recorded by the Single Physiotherapist for each muscle group in each subject twice session in same day. Results: This study presents data from 40 healthy, normal subjects, unequally divided by gender and age. Means standard deviations were determined for each group and further categorized by age, gender, and hand dominance. These data confirm some expected patterns: In all the muscle group's boys have significantly higher strength than girls, and the dominant side is stronger than the nondominant side in both genders. Relative values for various muscle groups are analysed and presented. Intra-rater reliability of dynamometer was checked with Cronbach's Alpha based formula and the intra-rater reliability of dynamometer were highly significant on all 5 scapula-humeral muscles (Reliability value is 0-1, highly significant). Conclusions: This study provides an initial normative database across in healthy college students for scapula-humeral muscle strength for monitoring clinical care and research for injured and impaired patients. These data are an essential and initial step toward comprehensive normative databases for upper extremity objective ordinal strength measurements with the PushPull hydraulic type Hand held Dynamometer (500 lb) and having a high reliability of using this device in this study. Even this device can be utilized further in subjects with muscle dysfunction.


This paper examines critically the current method to measure bank value added in national accounts and propose a new method adjusted from risk premium, which better fits the economic cycle. By applying this new method on an original quarterly database for French banks, we show that on average the banking production is overestimated by 50 %. In this way, the average share of the banking sector in the French GDP between 2003 and 2015 decreases from 2,9 % to 2 %. Furthermore, an empirical analysis based on ARDL models reveals that the new method is cointegrated with the economic cycle whereas the current one is not. In the end, our results put forth the evidence that the new method fits better the guidelines set out by the European Union and the United Nations.


Xenoestrogens are estrogen-mimicking compounds that are commonly found in personal care products and pesticides. The activity of xenoestrogens in the human body involves interference with estrogen receptor binding. Triclosan (TCS), a lesserknown xenoestrogen, is a broad-spectrum antibacterial commonly used in cosmetics, toothpastes, soap and other consumer products. The widespread use of TCS and its detection in human breast milk, urine and serum have raised concerns regarding its association with various health outcomes. Recent evidence suggests that TCS may play a role in cancer development, perhaps through its estrogenicity. In the present work we have studied the effects of TCS and Estrogen (E2) on human prostate adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (LNCaP) in order to highlight estrogen and xenoestrogen influence on human prostate. Although androgens are the most important hormones in the normal development of the male reproductive system, more recently, it has been suggested a central role for estrogen in male reproductive system and it has been hypothesized that high level of estrogens may disturb the endocrine control of the male reproductive capability. We examined the effects of TCS and E2 on the proliferation of the LNCaP through MTT assay. They were both able to increase cell proliferation at concentration of 10-8 M after 24h of treatment. In order to study estrogen receptor (ER) involvement, we evaluated the cellular localization and expression of ERs with immunofluorescence and western blot techniques after treatment with TCS and E2. Finally, through Real Time PCR analysis we have investigated gene expression of several molecular targets of estrogen pathway. We have observed that treatment with TCS and E2 induced an upregulation of Ki-67, cyclin D1 and cyclin E. We have also observed an upregulation of proinflammatory cytochines Il-1β after TCS and E2 treatment. These results confirm the estrogenic activity of TCS and suggest that estrogen and xenoestrogens may interfere with molecular pathways of prostate physiology


Changes in pupil size may accompany changes in perceptual needs. The present experiment investigated whether baseline pupil size is influenced by the breadth of attention, operationalized as the distance (i.e. eccentricity) from central vision at which attention is sustained. We designed a version of the attentional-breadth task (Brocher, Harbecke, Graf, Memmert, & Huttermann, 2018) in which participants perform a visual memory task with stimuli appearing at different eccentricities. Crucially, we varied both target eccentricity and task effort independently. We expected tonic pupil size to linearly increase with the eccentricity at which participants sustain attention. This hypothesis was based on the idea that larger pupils may provide greater visual sensitivity, which would benefit the detection of stimuli appearing in peripheral vision. Furthermore, we expected tonic pupil size to increase as a function of the mental effort invested in the task, due to the hypothesized correlation between arousal and pupil size. Our results show that both target eccentricity and task difficulty had no effects on tonic pupil size, suggesting that these factors may have an effect only on the magnitude of transient pupil dynamics.


Abstract The Niger River is one of the most important sources of water supply for human consumption and agriculture in Western Africa. Two Landsat‐5 Multispectral Scanner (MSS) images, corresponding to the dry and wet seasons, over a selected area of the Niger River interior delta were classified to produce a land cover/land use map that reflects the geo‐hydrological units of this area. To classify the satellite data, training statistics were generated using a clustering algorithm with parameter values that maximize the separability among spectral classes. Both dry and wet season images are required to obtain an accurate classification for evaluation of hydrological parameters. The spatial resolution of the MSS proved to be adequate for this kind of work, since all the major cover types and geographic features were correctly recognized.


The article presents an analysis of changes in some indicators service of maternal and child health, describing the state of newborn health in the execution of the program «Birth certificate» in the Republic Tatarstan.


AbstractThis study evaluates the behavior of fiber-reinforced asphalt mixtures using advanced material characterization and performance prediction models. The polymeric nature of the proprietary bl...


[Objectives] To understand the general health situation in the endemic area of sudden death in Yunnan and its influencing factors.[Methods] Subjects were collected by cluster sampling.The questionnaires such as "WHOQOL-100 scale","people' s individual living habits and condition of illness questionnaire" and "people's family living conditions" were used to measure quality of life and its determinates.[Results] The four dimensions such as physiological,psychological,environmental and social dimensions of quality of life in the endemic area were significantly lower than the control(P﹤0.05-0.01).[Conclusion] Quality of life in the endemic area of sudden death is lower than those in non-endemic area and lower in-come,lower education level,less knowledge of health and hygiene and worse health habits are related with the lower scores of quality of life.


Large volumetric data sets are usually stored as file sets, where each individual file represents an orthogonal cross-section. Interactive rendering of large data sets requires fast access to user-defined parts of the data, because it is virtually impossible to render the entire data set at full resolution. Therefore, hierarchical rendering techniques have been introduced to render a region-of-interest at a higher resolution than the rest of the data. Lower levels of detail are provided as context information. We present a dynamic subdivision scheme, which incorporates space subdivision and wavelet compression.


Objectives: Rosmarinus officinalis L., a member of the family Lamiaceae, is regarded as the spice with the highest antioxidant activity. Materials and Methods: In this study, the transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) physicochemical characteristics of the nanostructure of gamma-irradiated rosemary were investigated. Results: The particle size distribution of the gamma-irradiated rosemary prepared under irradiation at 30 kGy in a Cobalt-60 irradiator exhibited a very narrow size distribution with average size of 70 nm. The results showed that irradiated (30 kGy) and crude rosemary had similar patterns of FTIR spectra, typical of phenol compound, without any notable changes in the key bands and functional groups status. Rosemary irradiated with 50 kGy and 10 kGy showed the highest and lowest crystallinity, respectively. Rosemary crystallinity of irradiated samples was lower compared with the nonirradiated sample. Conclusion: Therefore, 30 kGy can be optimum for the synthesis of nanoparticles, average size of 70 nm, with low crystallinity and without any notable change in key bands compared to nonirradiated samples.


The effects of the presence of the surface on the main line shape and strength of the photoemission spectra of metals and adsorbates have been investigated. By using a modified Nozi\`eres-deDominicis theory, recently developed by Bose, Kiehm, and Longe for the bulk photoemission spectra of metals, the power-law exponent $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and the intensity parameter $\ensuremath{\xi}$ have been calculated as functions of ${z}_{0}$, the distance from the surface. With the use of these values, the asymmetry indices at half- and quarter-maxima, as well as the maximum intensities, have been calculated. These quantities are seen to be highly influenced by the presence of the surface for photoemission from adsorbate atoms outside the sample. The surface has moderate effects on the photoemission from atoms embedded inside the sample. The results obtained in this article can be utilized to estimate the distance of a photoemitting adsorbate atom, from the experimentally observed asymmetry indices and intensity maxima.


The 8500- to 7000-year-old shell-bearing sediments in shallow claypans near Wadi Mansurab in north-central Sudan appear to reflect a widespread and much wetter period in northeast Africa. Stable carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of the Wadi Mansurab gastropods reveals that the shell carbonate is highly depleted in 13C and 18O. The highly depleted oxygen isotopic composition is indicative of rainfall derived from a distant oceanic source. The highly negative nature of the oxygen isotopes indicates that the region had significantly less evaporation than today while the extreme variability in isotopic composition (up to 6-7‰ PDB) is consist ent with a seasonal rainfall regime, characterized by a high degree of inter-annual variability. The dominance of semi-aquatic and swamp-dwelling gastropods over truly aquatic species implies that the region was probably a seasonally flooded grassplain similar to the toich-lands of south-central Sudan today. Our data support the inference that towards 8500-7000 BP there was a stronger southwest monsoon and an associated northward shift in the summer rainfall zone, which caused the Wadi Mansurab region in north-central Sudan to be season ally flooded during a wetter and possibly cooler period with lower rates of evapotranspiration. From 8500 to 7000 BP, lake levels were high elsewhere in northern Africa, suggesting a regionally wetter climate at that time.


(This is part of the radwaste vitrification program at Hanford.) RWCT was to routinely receive final canister decontamination sand blast frit and rinse water, Decontamination Waste Treatment Tank bottoms, and melter off-gas Submerged Bed Scrubber filter cake. In order to address the design needs of the RWCT system to meet performance levels, the PNL Vitrification Technology (PVTD) program used the Feed Preparation Test System (FPTS) to evaluate its equipment and performance for a simulant of RWCT slurry. (FPTS is an adaptation of the Defense Waste Processing Facility feed preparation system and represents the initially proposed Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant feed preparation system designed by Fluor-Daniel, Inc.) The following were determined: mixing performance, pump priming, pump performance, simulant flow characterization, evaporator and condenser performance, and ammonia dispersion. The RWCT test had two runs, one with and one without tank baffles.


This paper presents the results of investigations conducted at the Department for Functional Elements of Control Systems of the Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine over the past five years. The investigations into microwave probe measurements resulted in a two-probe implementation of microwave interferometry for displacement measurement. The possibility of using as few as two probes was demonstrated by analyzing the roots of the equation that relates the magnitude of the unknown complex reflection coefficient to the currents of the semiconductor detectors connected to the probes. To improve the measurement accuracy, methods were developed to do this by accounting for the reflection coefficient of the horn antenna, by changing the operating wavelength according to the measured reflection coefficient, and by compensating the interprobe distance error. The results of development and study of microwave meters of ionospheric plasma parameters are presented. Experimental and computer models of microwave meters of plasma parameters were developed and studied. An experimental and theoretical basis was prepared for the development of meters based on biconical cavities to assess the electron density in a rarefied low-temperature plasma. A novel circuit for a pulse discharge source was designed. The performance characteristics of a magnetron system were studied in the regime of generation of a directed gas and metal ion flow. To provide ion beam focusing, a self-contained anode-layer ion sorce was upgraded. The paper presents the results of development and study of prototype ion-plasma, ion-beam, and combined process devices for auxiliary and main surface strengthening operations and combined strengthening treatment in a single vacuum cycle.


The legal status of AI and algorithms continues to be debated. Resume-sifting algorithms exhibit unethical, discriminatory, and illegal behavior; crime-sentencing algorithms are unable to justify their decisions; and autonomous vehicles' predictive analytics software will make life and death decisions.


Cultural heritage has a central role in sustainable development, and it has the potential to re-imagine more democratic cities. Yet, critical theory has framed cultural heritage not only as the material remains of the past, but also as a dynamic interaction of humans with their past that encompasses tangible and intangible entities. Thus, it is necessary to research these dynamics to understand the role of cultural heritage as a resource for sustainable development. In this context, the main research question of this article is: "How does heritage is shaped and managed by the 'present'? Can we understand this process through the opportunities of digital humanities?". To confront this question, the research adapts the counter-mapping methodology with the digital humanities perspective focusing on the urban protest movements that took place in the historic areas of Istanbul throughout the 1960s. It is seen that the spatial pattern of these movements was the result of the urban operations of the 1950s. In the 1950s, an autocratic government shaped the urban space and redefined the urban heritage to concentrate more power. However, in the 1960s, workers and students used the very same spaces and again redefined the urban heritage by exercising their social rights. Based on these results, the main conclusion is that for revealing the full potential of cultural heritage in sustainable development, it is necessary to deepen our knowledge on how heritage operates in a society, considering that heritage changes meaning depending on the socio-political context of the period.


This report reviews the University of Wyoming`s approach to implementing the DOE Traineeship Program, and briefly describes the research performed by the DOE/EPSCoR Trainees during Years 2 and 3 of the Traineeship Program, 1992--1994, as of August 1994. These brief descriptions of individual research projects demonstrate the wide scope of energy-related research that the DOE-EPSCoR Traineeships have initiated in Wyoming. The availability of this funding has encouraged many talented students to continue their education in fields of interest to DOE. These additional graduate students have improved the educational atmosphere for everyone. The visibility of the DOE program has sharpened the focus of the science and engineering departments on the energy-related research of importance to Wyoming and DOE. The impact of the DOE Traineeships in Wyoming has been substantial and very positive. It has not only increased the number of students studying in energy-related disciplines, but has also increased the quality of their graduate research. The program has also increased the visibility of DOE in Wyoming and has helped focus attention on the energy and environmental graduate education which is so essential to the University and the State.


textabstractThe human body has an extensive defence mechanism (immune system) for coping with pathogens. It is regulated by signalling molecules called cytokines. Cytokines are produced by various cells of the immune system such as leucocytes (e.g. T-cells and macrophages) but also by nasal and pulmonary epithelial tissue. There are several different types of cytokines. Th1 cytokines are involved in the eradication of bacterial and viral pathogens, while Th2 cytokines are involved in the defence against parasites. The production of Th1 cytokines is suppressed by Th2 cytokines and vice-versa so that the production of both cytokines is kept in balance. An overproduction of Th1 cytokines is found in auto-immune disorders, while allergic disease is frequently accompanied by high Th2 cytokine production. Furthermore, pro-inflammatory cytokines can induce general inflammatory reactions, while anti¬inflammatory and regulatory cytokines may downregulate these responses.
Immune responses in newborns are immature. This is seen in relatively high levels of Th2 and regulatory cytokines and low levels of Th1 cytokines compared to adults. The infant immune system matures with age. This maturation process consists of a relative increase in the production of Th1 cytokines compared to Th2 cytokines. Viral respiratory infections in infants may stimulate immune matura¬tion by their repeated Th1 stimulating effect, and thereby reduce the risk of a child developing Th2-mediated allergic disease. This hypothesis was first proposed by Professor Strachan in 1989 and is known as the 'hygiene hypothesis'.In the VI¬GALL study (VIGALL is the Dutch abbreviation for virally-mediated allergy), we examined whether respiratory infections predominantly induced by viruses may affect the maturation of the immune system and the development of allergic dis¬ease. We therefore looked to see which respiratory viruses are most prevalent in infants and what types of immune response are induced in the noses of these chil¬dren during infection and when healthy. We then examined whether the number of respiratory infections and the maturation of the immune system were related.


An estimated 70% of diarrheal disease episodes are caused by contaminated food and water. One major cause of foodborne disease worldwide is time-temperature abuse during food preparation leading to the survival and/or growth of contaminating pathogens or the production of toxin to disease-causing levels. Although fermentation has long been used in the preparation and preservation of food lactic acid fermentation has only recently been recognized as an alternative technology when hot or cold storage is not feasible. Fermented cereal products have traditionally been used as weaning foods in some African countries. Participants at a joint UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) workshop held in Pretoria in December 1995 examined the food safety and nutritional aspects of lactic acid fermentation for the preparation of weaning food at the household level. The present state of knowledge on the antimicrobial effects of lactic acid in fermented foods and the nutritional benefits of fermentation and germinated cereals were reviewed. An inventory was then made of gaps in current knowledge and priorities for further research. The following were highlighted as priority areas for research: the effect of lactic acid fermentation on viruses parasites certain bacteria and mycotoxins; the physiological and nutritional effects of the consumption of fermented foods; the characterization and optimization of fermentation processes and the development of appropriate fermentation starters; and risk reduction using the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point system educating food handlers on health and changing consumer perception of fermented foods.


Spontaneous vitrification was observed in the Au–Ta system, although the atomic size difference between Au and Ta is very small. It was found that among the various compositions studied, vitrification was only achieved at a composition of around Au23Ta77. Comparative data were obtained by ion mixing of Au–Ta multilayered films to support the spontaneous vitrification results. The amorphization mechanism was discussed in terms of competition between the amorphous phase against the nucleation and growth of the existing equilibrium compound, which explained the favorable composition range as well as the thermal stability of the obtained amorphous alloy.


The investigation was guided with the aim of the implementation of a inclusive design of "intraemprendimiento" funded by international cooperation in Colombia, specifically generating market access for goods and services for productive units consisting of vulnerable people in the "Red Unidos y No Unidos" formalized in the Red Cemprende. The research is a mixed type: qualitative and quantitative, with the case study methodology. The results of the research showed the lack of support of private enterprise and the public sector into concrete actions to strengthen public-private policy in the Tourism and Cultural District of Cartagena de Indias to allow access to new markets through the design of an intraemprendimiento model and guarantee a constant process of International Cooperation for Development. It was concluded that from the issues raised, the model of inclusive "intraemprendimiento" started from the needs of demand, companies in Cartagena and final consumers are able to purchase goods and services according to the quality of supply units productive.


In principle GCG covers four main rinsip: namely fairness, Tranparaency, accountability, Responsibility. The four principles are implemented in accordance with applicable regulations. Weak implementation of GCG cause can not expand its business in a competitive business, financial performance is not healthy and do not meet the interests of stakeholders. GCG importance of implementing this makes the writer is interested to pour into this scientific writing. The purpose of scientific writing is to apply the material and financial performance mmbandingakan. PTPN III. The GCG implementation of PT. PTPN III has set the corporate life in such a way as to support the implementation of GCG. After implementation of the financial performance of the GCG. PTPN III have shown that improvements can be seen from most ratios show improvement.


In recent years the phenomenon of embarrassment has attracted an increasing research interest. As a result, there have been a number of attempts to conceptualize the underlying process. Although these tend to emphasize similar aspects of the phenomenon (social transgressions, negative public image, heightened self-attention), there are a number of gaps in our knowledge of the process involved. This paper reviews previous models of embarrassment and presents an adapted and extended account of the underlying process. The five central aspects are: knowledge of social rules, protective self-presentation, self-awareness, labelling, and dealing with embarrassment. These are described and discussed, and implications of the model for future research are considered.


The amnesic effect of nitrous oxide was studied in 50 women undergoing induced abortions under general anesthesia at a hospital in France. The request for general anesthesia was made by the practitioner, by psychologists working with the women, or by the women themselves. Patient ages ranged from 13-39 years and averaged 24. All patients were given 1 mg of dextromoramide. During the procedure a mixture of 50% nitrous oxide and 50% oxygen was delivered. The patient was asked to count to 200 and remember a list of 5 words, and questions were posed. The nitrous oxide was terminated at completion of the aspiration. Awakening occurred in under 5 minutes with nitrous oxide and oxygen and at around 10 minutes when halothane was added. 30 minutes after awakening the patient was questioned about the surgery and the preoperative talk and questions. None of the patients recalled insertion of the speculum. In 46 of the 50 cases a total or partial amnesia occurred. Among 20 patients given the nitrous oxide-oxygen mixture only, 15 experienced total, 4 partial, and 1 no amnesia. Among the 30 patients given the same gas mixture and halothane, 25 experienced total, 2 partial, and 3 no amnesia. Nitrous oxide has no effect on longterm memory and probably inhibits the 1st phase of memorization. There are several components of its mode of action: classic analgesia, a potentializing effect with morphinomimetics and other general anesthesias, and an amnesia of painful and disagreeable interventions.


How do husbands and wives describe their roles in making purchasing decisions? Are their purchase plans different? And how well are their respective plans fulfilled? Some answers to these questions are presented here. Results are based on interviews with a representative national sample of husbands and wives, and reinterviews over a period of two-and-a-half years.


This study examined students' perceived understanding as a mediator of the relationship between student perceptions of teacher clarity, nonverbal immediacy cues, and learner empowerment (i.e., meaningfulness, competence, and impact). Participants included 261 undergraduate students who completed survey instruments. Results of structural equation modeling indicated that students' perceptions of teacher clarity and nonverbal immediacy enhanced students' perceived understanding, which in turn positively predicted all three dimensions of learner empowerment. Bootstrapping analyses revealed significant indirect effects for student perceptions of teacher clarity and immediacy on the impact and competence dimensions of learner empowerment. Collectively, the results highlight perceived understanding as a key theoretical mechanism that further explains the associations among student perceptions of instructors' communication behaviors and learner empowerment.


This article is aimed to find out the influence of the human development index (HDI), economic growth and the operating expenditure to the amount of capital expenditure in the province of Banten. The data used are IPM, economic growth, operational expenditure and capital expenditure in the last ten years. This study used multiple linear regression method. The results showed that only economic growth has a significant impact on the allocation of capital expenditures. While the direction of the relationship between operational expenditure with capital expenditure is negative so that if the number of operational expenditure in Banten province is high then the amount of capital expenditure low. The number of allocations of operational expenditure does not reflect the level of quality improvement progress of HDI and low economic growth. Therefore, to expand economic development in the province of Banten, it is necessary to increase the portion of capital expenditures in the budget of the priority areas in the infrastructure sector.


There exist two problems in power distribution network operational risks assessment: high expert evaluation subjectivity and invalid data processing. Therefore,this paper presents a distribution network operational risk prediction model based on the dynamic Bayesian network of BP neural network. First,BP neural network group is used to train and test the evaluation properties in order to avoid the high subjectivity in the index weight setting of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and in the expert evaluation index values. Then the output of multiple BP neural network is fusion processed and the observed data with large differences are excluded. Finally,the time-sliced observed data matrix with missing data is inputted to dynamic Bayesian network with variable structures. The dynamic evolution on time series of the index membership degree is analyzed for the early warning of dynamic evaluation of distribution network operation risk. Finally,the comparison with the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation in the example analysis proves the validity and feasibility of the proposed model.


Construction of expression vector plays an important role in plant gene engineering,and is closely related with the expressional results of target gene.Based on the previous research work,the five different kinds of vector construction methods were summarized depending on their construction strategy.The suggestions have been proposed,aiming at specific plant expressional vector,to utilize the different construction strategy.Construction of multi-link in a serials of small fragment of vector cloning method recommended by one step methods,when building a complex multi-link fragments of the large vector using the complex constructing vector technology,in order to get the marker-free transgenic plants it can be used three T-DNAs vector construction methods.Adoption of the Gateway technology in doing functional verification,constructing very simple vector can be using the traditional method of construction though digestion and connection.The mainstream way of construction vectors now is to use Gateway technology combing with other means,the development trend of the future constructing vector will be on no enzyme connection.At the same time,the tendency of plant vector construction in the future was prospected.It is hoped to promote the understandings of plant expressional vector construction.


In the Scottish Highlands most rewilders believe that the landscape should have significantly more trees so that 'rewilding' becomes synonymous with 'reforesting'. This paper argues that that the evidence suggests that open moorland would be expected to be the dominant natural vegetation type at this stage of the post-glacial era. Because rewilding is about maintaining or recreating the natural ecological characteristics of a locality, then adding trees to the landscape is in fact reducing the remaining wildness/naturalness of the Highlands.


As religious communities historically and culturally,
religion for the Indonesian people has an important role and is
a central and inseparable part of their daily lives. In fact, for
the past few decades, Islam has been perceived, believed, and
adhered to as a system of belief, norms and values that has the
power to regulate, govern and influence the people's life in its
followers' daily activities and behavior. Consequently, its
existence, role, significance and influence are placed in a
central and decisive position in society. Islam, systemically, is
not only recognized and assessed as an institution that
functions to regulate, control, and serve worship activities
(ritual) in a narrow sense, but also as an institution that
provides a life orientation, terms of reference, motivation,
ethos of life and behavior patterns that can necessarily be
applied in its followers' daily life.
The presence of modern humanistic thinking, the progress
of science and technology, and the pace of modernization
through the process of globalization, in fact, have brought
about a significant influence on the changing role and authority
of Islam as a revelation religion. As a result, Islam tends to
decrease the role of social significance and regulatory authority
in middle-class Muslim societies. In practice, Islam no longer
appears as a large system that determines all the dynamics of
the life of Muslim communities in this class.
Regarding this phenomenon, this dissertation reveals how
the middle-class Muslim community in Jakarta places Islam as
their religion in their daily lives. Broadly speaking, the
dissertation focuses on: (i) the role and authority of Islam as a
religious institution, (ii) types of implementation of religious
norms and values(Islam), and (iii) the quality of religious
beliefs and traditions that occur in the middle-class Muslim
community in Jakarta as the Metropolitan city.
Using a mixed-method design, this study has succeeded in
highlighting a number of important findings:First, in the macro spectrum, which sees religion as an
'institution', there is an inevitable change in the role,
significance and authority of Islam as a religious institution in
the middle-class Muslim community in Jakarta. Changes in the
role called 'neo-secularization' process, among others, are
shown by the emergence of phenomena: (i) decreasing
authority, popularity and influence of religious organizations,
(ii) decreasing authority, social significance, and credibility of
religious leaders, and (iii) decreasing political participation and
involvement of middle class Muslim community in 'Islambased'
parties.
Second, in the meso spectrum, which sees Islamic
teachings about the system of norms (rules) that are
substantively referred to in the Qur'an, the Sunnah, and ijtihad
(Ijmak and Qiyas), they have not been implemented
proportionally in daily life due to internal and external factors.
This normative neo-secularization process that occurs in the
middle class Muslim community of Jakarta, among others, is
characterized by a number of phenomena that show a decline
in the significance and authority of Islamic teachings as a norm
system that regulates the behavior of its followers. Significant
phenomena include an increase in social irregularities, such as:
(i) practices of pornography, narcotics abuse, corruption,
juvenile delinquency of middle-class children, crime and
others, and (ii) the occurrence of desacralization, or
diminishing/decreasing sacred values in the middle class
Muslim community in Jakarta.
Third, in the micro spectrum, which sees religion as a
cognitive system, neo-secularization occurs in the lives of
middle-class Muslim community in Jakarta. At this level, neosecularization
takes the form of: (a) degradation of the quality
of faith, (b) the growth of the phenomenon of religious
agnosticism, (c) segmentation of religious traditions, (d) the process of silencing religious teachings, (e) silting of religious teachings, and (f ) the growing awareness of religious privatization, where religion is a personal matter (personal affairs and rights). Based on the findings above, a number of conclusions can be formulated. First, neo-secularization has been and is happening in the midst of the life of the middle-class Muslim community in Jakarta. In the institutional aspect, secularization
manifests itself in the form of 'declination of the role,
significance and authority of religious institutions'. In the
normative aspect, the neo-secularization process manifests
itself in the form of the transformation of the norm as a
personal choice, and the decline in the control of Islam as the
source of the norm. Furthermore, in the cognitive aspect, the
phenomenon of secularization is concretized in the form of the
growth of rationalization which tends to lead to the growth of
religious agnosticism, religious privatization, segmentation and
silting of religious traditions and the desecration of religious
values. Second, the neo-secularization phenomenon that occurs
in the middle-class Muslim community of Jakarta tends to be
significantly caused by: (i) educational and occupational
backgrounds, (ii) development/growth of modern philosophical
and cultural thinking, and (iii) the quality of religious
organizations, including 'Islam-based' political parties that are
perceived to be inadequate. Third, the neo-secularization
phenomenon that occurs in middle-class Muslims of Jakarta,
historically, has different cultural-ideological characteristics than the secularization phenomena that occur in Western society in general. The middle-class Muslim community in Jakarta in reality still: (a) rejects the religious state, and conversely evaluates the need for the Government to attend and intervene in religious institutions, (b) 'believes' in God as Almighty God, (c) rejects secularism as an ideology of substitute for religion (Islam) and as the final stoppage of the neo-secularization processes that occur in the Western world.


SUMMARY The nature of the ectosymbiotic association between Rhizobium and such legume leaves as Bengal gram and mung bean was investigated using radioactively labelled compounds. About 8% of the 14CO2 fixed photosynthetically in the 70% ethanol soluble fraction was leached out within 1 h of contact with water. The 14C-compounds leached out include sucrose, serine glycine, glutamic acid, malate, alanine and succinate. A part of the 14C-activity was incorporated by Rhizobium cells sprayed on leaves. Association with rhizobia increased the rate of photosynthesis and leaching by 129–240% and 134–281%, respectively. Bacterial metabolites are translocated along the midribs and veins to different plant parts. The beneficial effects are not restricted to members of the same cross-inoculation group.


Within the UK, low secure mental health services provide care and treatment to individuals with a view to supporting their return to life within community settings. With the expansion of services in this area it is essential that effective models of care are articulated, delivered and evaluated. This paper describes the philosophical underpinnings of the Intensive Support and Intervention Service, a new low secure inpatient facility. The operationalization of the approach to recovery is described along with the role and impact of the initial staff training. Clinical supervision as a critical component to ongoing practice delivery and development is described. Finally, the methods being utilized to evaluate the service are outlined.


The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new iterative method for finding a common element of the set of solutions of solutions of a general system of variational inclusions with inverse-strongly accretive mappings and the set of common fixed point for a family of finitely k-strict pseudo-contraction mappings in Banach space.Under suitable conditions,the strong convergence theorem for approximating to this common elements was proved.The results given in the article are new,which extend and improve some recent,results.


The lilies is bulblet plant have economic value. A proublem of planlet lilies growth in the land is rosette and need time for flowering. An alternative to overcome rossete and flowering problems is by growing cultivars that response application of GA3 and paclobutrazol.
This research was conducted in the research garden Instalasi Penelitian Tanaman Hias, Cipanas March 2001 to Febrauary 2002. with the Split Split Plot Design was arranged by Completely Randomized Block Design. Cultivars as main plot (Avignan, Snow Queen, Stargazer and Casablanca), as sub plot were four GA3 concentrations (0, 25, 50 and 75 mg/l) and sub plot were four paclobutrazol concentrations (0, 200, 300 and 400 mg/l).
Result from the experiments indicated that Snow Queen cultivar with in 75 mg/l GA3 was overcome rosette. Paclobutrazol with in 400 mg/l can be increased growing lilies. There were interaction between cultivars, GA3 and paclobutrazol of increase shoot elongation, number of leafs, chlorofil concentrations, long of roots, number of big roots, number of small roots, long of bulbs, diameter of bulbs, and weight bulbs. Paclobutrazol did not effect flowering, but there was one of Snow Queen cultivar (G3P3) flowering earlier on 20 weeks.

Keywords : Lili, GA3, Paclobutrazol.


Two key amino acids, Thr252 and Asp251, are known to be important for dioxygen activation by cytochrome P450cam. We have solved crystal structures of a critical intermediate, the ferrous dioxygen complex (Fe(II)-O2), of the wild-type P450cam and its mutants, D251N and T252A. The wild-type dioxygen complex structure is very much the same as reported previously (Schlichting, I., Berendzen, J., Chu, K., Stock, A. M., Maves, S. A., Benson, D. E., Sweet, R. M., Ringe, D., Petsko, G. A., and Sligar, S. G. (2000) Science 287, 1615–1622) with the exception of higher occupancy and a more ordered structure of the iron-linked dioxygen and two "catalytic" water molecules that form part of a proton relay system to the iron-linked dioxygen. Due to of the altered conformation of the I helix groove these two waters are missing in the D251N dioxygen complex which explains its lower catalytic activity and slower proton transfer to the dioxygen ligand. Similarly, the T252A mutation was expected to disrupt the active site solvent structure leading to hydrogen peroxide formation rather than substrate hydroxylation. Unexpectedly, however, the two "catalytic" waters are retained in the T252A mutant. Based on these findings, we propose that the Thr252 accepts a hydrogen bond from the hydroperoxy (Fe(III)-OOH) intermediate that promotes the second protonation on the distal oxygen atom, leading to O–O bond cleavage and compound I formation.


In this paper. we first give a brief summary of the formulation for calculating reflections from a 3D elastic structure based on a complex-screen method. The incident wave and reflected wave are propagated by using a complexscreen propagator. The reflections are calculated based on local Born approximation. When using a small angle approximation, the backscattering can also be formulated into a screen reflection which has a high computation efficiency and needs relatively small computer memory. As expected from the scattering theory. the forward transmitted waves, like P to P or to are controlled by the Pand S-wave velocity perturbations, while the reflections are controlled by the impedance perturbations. The converted waves are mainly controlled by the density and shear module perturbations. Numerical examples are given to show the accuracy of the method. For two special cases, the synthetic seismograms obtained with this method are compared with that calculated by elastic finite-difference method. The results show general consistency.


The development of Enhanced External Counter-pulsation (EECP) LAN system and XML-based remote EECP Medical Information system conformable to DICOM Standard has been improving the digital interchangeable and sharable of EECP data. The therapy of EECP is a continuous and longtime supervision which builds a mass of waveform data. In order to reduce the storage space and improve the transmission efficiency, the waveform data has to be compressed. In DICOM Standard, there's no detail description or normative transfer syntax for compressed waveform data. So the article introduced the compression arithmetic and storage of EECP waveform data based on DICOM Standard. The private transfer syntax is defined according to the rules of DICOM normative transfer syntaxes. Testing results indicate that the compressed data can be correctly transmitted and displayed between EECP workstations in our EECP Laboratory.


In CSCW and related fields, computer supported collaborative design has been used in various fields. Yet, there has been little research focusing on the collaborative context design for elderly caring. For filling this gap, this paper explores a notion of rule-driven layout co-designing system for elderly caring. What makes it distinct from other layout designing system is that it employs hierarchically modularization to store all standardized components that are needed for the aging caring space, and embeds intelligence algorithm into the typical evidence-based design for improving design efficiency and reducing design costs. In this paper, we designed and implemented a prototype called iCare Designer, and conducted a preliminary study to understand how this notion works in reality. While findings of the preliminary study suggest promises of the notion of rule-driven space layout co-designing system, it reveals some challenges this kind of systems to truly work in practices, mainly reflecting in its flexibility and perception to ambient environment. An in-depth discussion is provided in the end.


THERE HAVE been a number of investigaj tions in the past few years designed to investigate the effects of varying the speed of presentation of meaningful material upon listener compre hension. There have also been studies which have investigated the differences between the auditory, visual, or audiovisual modes of presentation. There have, however, been few studies which have investigated the interrelationships between the speed and the mode of presentation. Goldstein (2) presented connected meaningful material at several rates ranging from 100 to 322 words per minute (wpm) both auditorally and visually. He found an almost linear loss in comprehension as the speed was increased. He also found that for his subjects who ranged in age from 18 to 65 years the auditory presentation resulted in higher levels of comprehension than the visual presenta tion at the lower speeds but that as the speed was increased, comprehension by the visual mode of presentation gradually became equal to that of the auditory presentation. Goldstein varied the rate of presentation by training an expert speaker to deliver the ma terial at the various rates used in the study. This j material was recorded and minor adjustments in speed were made by varying the playback speed of the recordings. Although Goldstein claimed a high level of intelligibility of the auditory ma terial, there is a possibility that some loss of in telligibility resulted from the speaker's increased rate. Goldstein presented the visual material with motion picture equipment. The rate of presenta tion could be very accurately controlled so that it matched exactly the rate of the auditory pres entation. Goldstein's conclusion that there seemed to be no "optimum rate" at which the ma terial should be presented was based upon a rather straightforward interpretation of the linear rela tionship between the rate of presentation and comprehension. If some sort of efficiency index had been calculated, an optimum level might have been determined, but this cannot be computed from the data given. Fairbanks, Guttman, and Miron (4) did compute an efficiency index based upon the number of comprehension test items answered correctly per unit time. Their study, however, was concerned only with the auditory mode of presentation. The optimum rate for the auditory presentation was reported as about 280 wpm. This rate was twice as fast as the original recording and is considerably faster than every day speech. In a later study by Fairbanks, Gutt man and Miron (5) subjects were presented with the material twice instead of just once. The re sults clearly indicate that the double presenta tion at the rate of 282 wpm results in higher comprehension scores than a single presentation at the slower rate of 141 wpm (p <.001, N=36). In terms of amount learned in a given amount of time, it is clear that the higher speed is more ef ficient than the lower speed. The method for speeding the material which Fairbanks, et al., used was developed by Fair banks, Everritt and Jaeger (3) and the method is termed "speech compression." The compression is accomplished by discarding, periodically, small segments of the material to be compressed. The length of the segments is so small that no com plete phoneme is cut and the loss of a single seg ment is not detectable by the human ear. The re sult is material presented at a faster rate than the original with the speed dependent upon the size and frequency with which the segments are dis carded. Although the optimum rate of presenta | tion reported by Fairbanks, et al., (4) is about I 280 wpm, it appears possible for comprehension to take place at a speed of 470 wpm. Although the comprehension at such a high speed is small, it is provocative to ponder how much effect practice might have. The present study utilizes the technique of speeding the presentation of the auditory ma terial used by Fairbanks, et al., rather than that used by Goldstein. It also includes the condition I of audiovisual presentation as well as auditory


The invention discloses an earthquake disaster reduction system for a liquefiable foundation. A permanent vertical pore pressure dissipation water drain body and a horizontal pore pressure dissipation water drain body are arranged in the liquefiable foundation. The vertical pore pressure dissipation water drain body is communicated with the horizontal pore pressure dissipation water drain body and is connected with a ground-surface water drain system. Aiming at the liquefiable foundation, permanent excess pore water pressure dissipation channels are arranged in the foundation to control and reduce the excess pore water pressure, so liquefaction of the foundation is prevented at the source and therefore the liquefaction and earthquake resistance of the foundation is improved. The dissipation channels can be arranged before the foundation is solidified so that during the construction period, the dissipation channels can serve as the water drain system in the foundation treatment process, and after the construction is finished, the dissipation channels can serve as permanent excess pore water pressure dissipation channels. The dissipation channels can also be arranged after the foundation is solidified to be used as permanent facility during the operation period.


Certain progress has been made in fault diagnosis under cross-domain scenarios recently. Most researchers have paid almost all their attention to promoting domain adaptation in a common space. However, several challenges that will cause negative transfer have been ignored. In this paper, a reweighting method is proposed to overcome this difficulty from two aspects. First, extracted features differ greatly from one another in promoting positive transfer, and measuring the difference is important. Measured by conditional entropy, the weight of adversarial losses for those well aligned features are reduced. Second, the balance between domain adaptation and class discrimination greatly influences the transferring task. Here, a dynamic weight strategy is adopted to compute the balance factor. Consideration is made from the perspective of maximum mean discrepancy and multiclass linear discriminant analysis. The first item is supposed to measure the degree of the domain adaptation between source and the target domain, and the second is supposed to show the classification performance of the classifier on the learned features in the current training epoch. Finally, extensive experiments on several bearing fault diagnosis datasets are conducted. The performance shows that our model has an obvious advantage compared with other common transferring algorithms.


We formulate the Nambu-Goldstone theorem as a triangular relation between pairs of Goldstone bosons with the degenerate vacuum. The vacuum degeneracy is then a natural consequence of this relation. Inside the scenario of String Theory, we then find that there is a correspondence between the way how the $D$-branes interact and the properties of the Goldstone bosons.


The invention discloses a gas power type natural gas compressor lubricating oil composition. The composition is mainly prepared from, by mass, 10-30 parts of first base oil, 40-63 parts of second base oil, 6-12 parts of gas oil compound additives, 0.2-0.5 part of pour point reducer, 0.001-0.005 part of anti-foaming agent, 17-27 parts of balance promoter and 0.1-0.6 part of nanometer friction modifier. The composite has the advantages that one type of lubricating oil can be universally used for lubricating a gas power machine and a compressor, the service life of a gas power type natural gas compressor device is prolonged, mechanical conversion efficiency is improved, power consumption is lowered, the lubricating oil change period is prolonged, and the corresponding final waste discharge is reduced.


This paper puts forward an algorithm named CFE (Co-occurrence Frequency Emphasized) for new concept selection which based on word co-occurrence, it has been applied to domain concept extraction. This algorithm grasps the central idea of word co-occurrence rigidly. In the process of concept extracting, the co-occurrence frequency is taken as the basis of new concept selection, and the impact of absolute frequency to domain concept selection is taken into account. It is able to guarantee each candidate word will fairly get the opportunity of being selected as new concept. According to the data of the tests, a good result has been achieved.


The utility of 'concern, hostility, consensus, disproportionality and volatility' to understanding
social reaction to different white-collar crimes is elaborated and reviewed. It is hard to generate and
to sustain a moral panic about any white-collar crimes and criminals, but some populist areas such
as 'identity fraud' and 'investment fraud' are good candidates, especially where individuals,
ethnicities or 'organized crime networks' exist as folk devils already. Long time scales in fraud
discovery, investigation and criminal justice actions, as well as real libel risks, inhibit the devilling
and the moral panicking processes. By contrast with street crimes, key state actors manage 'the
problem of fraud' mainly by data-sharing, compensation and regulation, plus some symbolic
degradation ceremonies, calming the factors that might stoke 'counterproductive' reactions that
might harm 'the economy'.


Platelet‐rich plasma is a useful adjuvant therapy in the treatment of acne scars. Fat is as ideal soft tissue filler.


Provided is a fiber-reinforced plastic obtained by impregnating a matrix resin into a fiber material containing discrete inorganic fibers having a number-average fiber length (Ln) of 10 mm or more in a state in which the fibers opened while aligned in substantially the same direction, with the shape of the fiber material being retained by friction and/or entanglement between the fibers, and Lw/Ln of the fiber material being in the range of 1.0 to 1.3, where Lw is the weight-average fiber length of the inorganic fibers, said fiber-reinforced plastic characterized in that the fiber-reinforced plastic has a tensile strength anisotropy of 20% or less. Also provided is a method for producing the fiber-reinforced plastic. The present invention makes it possible to obtain a fiber-reinforced plastic that has favorable moldability even with a complex shape, has high mechanical properties, and has low anisotropy of the mechanical properties.


Characterization of surface soil for fertility was studied by taking ten representative samples of traditional cashew nut gardens in south Goa. Study revealed that soils are acidic (slight to moderate) in nature with non saline low cation exchange capacity. The available nitrogen content varied from 108 (low) to 945kg/ha (high). The data on available phosphorus ( P 2 O 5 ) indicate low 16.13 to high 18.82 kg/ha indicating low nutrient indices. Potassium status was from 44.8 to 291.2 kg/ha. The exchangeable cation is in the ratio of 1:3 with


With the end of China's 11th Five-Year Plan approaching, this paper analyzes sub-national governments' implementation strategies to meet national energy efficiency targets. Previous research focuses on the way governance practices and decision-making structures shape implementation outcomes, yet very little attention has been given to what strategies local leaders actually employ to bridge national priorities with local interests. To illustrate how leaders work politically, this paper highlights specific implementation mechanisms officials use to strengthen formal incentives and create effective informal incentives to fulfill their energy efficiency mandates. The analysis is drawn from fifty-three interviews conducted in June and July 2010 in Shanxi, a major coal-producing and energy-intensive province. Findings suggest that local government leaders conform to the national directives by 'bundling' the energy efficiency policy with policies of more pressing local importance or by 'bundling' with the interests of groups with significant political influence. Ultimately, officials take national policies and then frame them in ways that give them legitimacy at the local level.


We study multifragmentation within the framework of a quantum molecular dynamics model using different binding energy formulae in the secondary algorithm; namely, the minimum spanning tree approach. A comparison of theoretical results with experimental data over a wide range of energy, mass and impact parameter is also presented. Our detailed analysis shows an insignificant difference of different binding energies when used at finite temperatures on the fragmentation pattern which, on the other hand, becomes significant when used for cold matter.


Three HRGC systems (1: 30m DB-XLB capillary with MS-SIM detection; 2: 60m DB-XLB capillary with full-scan, ion-trap MS detection; and 3: Parallel dual-column DB-17 and series-coupled HP5/HT5 with ECD detection) were used to completely characterize multiple lots of 8 different-numbered Aroclor mixtures by quantitative calibration against 9 solutions containing primary standards of all 209 PCB congeners. Despite lower absolute sensitivity and more Aroclor congener coelutions than the dual-column ECD system, the MS systems enabled measurement of more congeners per Aroclor since their greater linear response range did not require dilution of samples and standards. Pairs of different lots of Aroclors 1248 and 1254 displayed markedly different proportions of congeners, and the 1254 pair displayed strong differences in the extent of ortho-chlorine substitution. The tables of congener weight percent distributions among Aroclors are more comprehensive and quantitatively precise than those of prior publications. However, the limitations of single-level calibration precluded measurement of all congeners to the ±10% accuracy desirable for establishing these Aroclors as secondary standards for comprehensive, quantitative congener-specific PCB analysis.


In previous study, the phosphorous distribution ratios between a 2CaO·SiO2 particle and liquid CaO–SiO2–FetO– P2O5 slags have been measured by dispersing mesoscopic scale (30 to 50 mm) 2CaO·SiO2 particles dispersed uniformly in slag. Phosphorous transfer from slag to a 2CaO· SiO2 particle has been studied as a function of holding time and temperature. It has been established that when a CaO particle contacts with CaO–SiO2–FetO–P2O5 slag, liquid CaO–FetO slag layer is formed between a CaO particle and 2CaO·SiO2–3CaO·P2O5 solid solution. 2–4) However, there is no reports dealing with the reaction mechanism immediately after the contact of CaO particles with liquid CaO– SiO2–FetO–P2O5 slag. Sasaki et al. 5) studied the dephosphorization reaction between a carbon saturated Fe alloy without Si and CaO–FeOx slag and found that nCaO·P2O5 together with CaO are present in solidified slag. Tanaka et al. studied the dephosphorization of carbon saturated iron alloys by solid CaO and found that the calcium phosphate is formed at the porosities in solid CaO accompanying the penetration of molten FetO-containing slag. The purpose of the present study is to obtain the phosphorous distribution ratio between calcium phosphate and CaO–FetO–P2O5 or CaO–SiO2–FetO–P2O5 slag and to clarify the mechanism on phosphorous transfer from slag to a CaO particle, particularly focusing on the reaction products formed immediately after the contact of CaO particles with a molten slag. On the basis of the present and previous results for the phosphorous distribution ratio between calcium phosphate and CaO–FetO–P2O5 or calcium silicate and CaO–SiO2–FetO–P2O5 slag coupled with the phosphorous distribution ratios between slag and metal, the characteristics of dephosphorization by using the mesoscopic scale particles dispersed uniformly in liquid slag have been discussed and the results obtained from the dephosphorization experiments by using CaO or 2CaO·SiO2 particles dispersed in slag are compared with those from the theoretical analysis.


A longitudinal study was carried out in the vitreo-retina clinic of the National Institute of Ophthalmology and Hospital (NIOH the median 12-week visual acuity was 6/12. Three additional eyes (10%) achieved retinal reattachment with one vitreoretinal procedure; the median 12-week visual acuity was 6/9. Three eyes (10%) never achieved retinal reattachment despite one additional vitreoretinal procedure, and 12-week visual acuity was no perception of light. It can be concluded that SB for primary RRD achieves anatomical efficacy and preservation of central vision in the majority of eyes. Key words: Scleral buckle; Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment outcome. DOI: 10.3329/jafmc.v6i1.5987 Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh Vol.6(1) 2010 p.21-24


Using the closed ${F}_{g}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}_{e}={F}_{g}+1$ $D2$ line transition of Rb atoms, we report experimental and numerical evidence of influence of additional transverse magnetic field when examining electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) in the Hanle configuration. The effect was analyzed with two directions of additional magnetic field and in the cases of excitation with linear, elliptical, and circular laser light polarization. The transverse magnetic field brings substantial differences in the resonance line shape, amplitude, and width. Our theoretical model includes Doppler broadening. Numerical solutions of our theoretical model are in good agreement with experimental results. This analysis points out the importance of the presence of stray magnetic fields when studying EIA.


A Brain Computer Interface is a direct neural interface or a brain–machine interface. It provides a communication path between human brain and the computer system. It aims to convey people's intentions to the outside world directly from their thoughts. This paper focuses on current model which uses brain signals for the authentication of users. The Electro- Encephalogram (EEG) signals are recorded from the neuroheadset when a user is shown a key image (signature image). These signals are further processed and are interpreted to obtain the thought pattern of the user to match them to the stored password in the system. Even if other person is presented with the same key image it fails to authenticate as the cortical folds of the brain are unique to each human being just like a fingerprint or DNA.


The data of experimental studies are presented on the effect of the processes occurring in free-convection solar dryers on the kinetics of drying of arious fruit (grape, apricots, apples, and melons). The regularities of the periodic variation of the moisture content and the drying rate were revealed and approximated as an exponentially decreasing harmonic function.


aegwon Kim's book, Physicalism, or Something Near Enough (2005), addresses important issues for those who wish to understand the mind in the context of a physicalist worldview. His book starts by introducing two difficult concepts for physicalists to explain about the mind, given certain beliefs that go with the physicalist worldview. The two concepts together create an unfortunate dilemma for physicalists, because an explanation of one seems incompatible with an explanation of the other. Having established this dilemma, Kim then proceeds to examine various theories of the mind, evaluating them on the basis of their ability to respond to these difficult concepts. Using this standard, Kim slowly whittles down the options until one remains. In this way, he ends up with a view that, he admits, contains elements that do not appeal to a large number of philosophers, though it is nonetheless the truth that we are stuck with. In this paper I will show that Kim's argument against a major anti-physicalist view of the mind, using his version of the "pairing problem," does not function in the same way as his argument against nonreductive physicalism, also known as the exclusion argument. Viewed as a stand-alone argument, the pairing problem may not bear the same eliminative weight as the ex-


colleges, among which is the College of Life Sciences. Within this college is the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, which has two academic tracks that lead to granting both: a bachelor degree in food science and another bachelor degree in nutrition. The academic program in nutrition involves many basic science foundation courses and those courses that cover several aspects of public health nutrition and the nutrition of population subgroups, for juniors and seniors. In these courses, students (all are females so far) learn that many aspects of healthy nutrition and active lifestyle are essential for a healthy survival. They also learn that spreading awareness of such aspects among the lay public is a significant means towards changing towards better dieatry habits, with the resulting benefits to individuals and to the society-at-large. Students realize that devised food guides can be one istrumental factor in attracting the attention of many groups of society to practice balanced nutrition. Also, students become aware of the many food guides that have been devised all over the world, of which the "Food Guide Pyramid" of the United States Department of Agriculture is the most famous. The "Food Dome" was devised by the Arab Institute for Nutrition in Bahrain (Figure 1) a few years ago and the recently-devised "Healthy Food Palm" in Saudi Arabia (Figure 2) are those that were devised for Arab countries so far.


A cometary outburst is an unexpected flare-up in the brightness of a comet, with the brightness normally increasing by 2 to 3 magnitudes, but on occasion by up to 5. This outburst is superimposed on the general change in brightness that is related to the comet's heliocentric and geocentric distance, spin phase, spin axis orientation and activity geography. The brightness variation during outbursts usually has an abrupt, eruptive onset followed by a quasi-exponential decrease and lasts for a few tens of days. Several cometary outbursts are accompanied by the expansion of a spherical halo from the brightest point at the centre of the visible cometary coma. The general characteristics of cometary outbursts and the suggested mechanisms put forward to explain their occurrences will be reviewed in this paper. (For a previous review of this subject see, for example, Hughes 1975.) We will only briefly touch on the 'superoutbursts' that occur when comets split apart. Special reference will be made as to the way in which the recent observations of the nucleus of P/Halley have affected our views as to the possible causative mechanisms. 1. The Characteristics of Outbursts There is little consensus as to what constitutes a typical cometary outburst, and the scientific literature is full of reports of the phenomenological differences between the different outbursts of different comets. This said, let us start by considering the outbursts of a comet that is famous for its ability to undergo many outbursts during its orbit. P/Schwassmann-Wachmann I (1925 II, 1941 VI, 1957 IV and 1974 II), has a nearcircular orbit between Jupiter and Saturn, and during the comet's 15to 16.4-year orbital period, the heliocentric distance varies from 5.45 to 7.46 AU. The orbital inclination is about 9.4°. With a large telescope the comet can be observed rather like an external planet, i.e., for about eight months of the year, when it is away from solar conjunction. Normally its photographic magnitude lies between 18 and 19. Schwassmann and Wachmann discovered it in 1927 (probably at the height of one of its outbursts), as a diffuse object of 13 to 14 magnitude. Soon observers were reporting that the comet underwent peculiar non-periodic variations in brightness. At relatively frequent intervals, the quiescent magnitude was enhanced by a sudden outburst that increased the brightness by a factor of 100. The coma of the comet also increased its diameter, and a star-like condensation was much in evidence.


The Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) acceptance of foreign inspections is becoming an increasingly important issue in light of the international efforts to harmonize the regulation of pharmaceuticals. In addition, the developments in the European Community and elsewhere have created an environment where reliance on inspection reports generated by the host country has increasing appeal. This paper covers FDA's current view of agreements to exchange good manufacturing practice (GMP) inspection reports with other countries.


I explore how the notion of ambiances can help integrate the tangible-intangible divide in heritage urban landscapes (HUL). Ambiances are both subjective and objective and thus involve people's lived experience as well as their physical environment (Thibaud, 2011). The concept of ambiances occupies the space between subject and object (Bohme, 1993). Given its dual nature, ambiances can link disparate dimensions in heritage literature: past-present-and future events; individual and social memory, and instrumental and symbolic meanings (Alves, 2015).


In recent years the technological evolution of vehicles has happened at an exponential pace and consequently every company must have the ability to innovate in order to keep up and overcome the competition. It was in the innovation process that the ICES application and more specifically AmbientMusic emerged. The goal of this project is to improve a microservice's performance by migrating the technology used to deploy the microservice to a newer one, namely from PayaraMicro to Quarkus. For this it is necessary to register the current state of the microservice, namely its memory and CPU limit when running, the maximum number of requests per second that the microservice can handle and the startup time of the service. Then perform the migration making all the necessary changes and as a final objective to register the data again and analyze the performance of the microservice after the migration. The backend microservice it's called AmbientMusic and its function is to provide background music for some vehicle features such as the Intelligent Personal Assistant by responding to words like "Hey BMW, I'm feeling sleepy".


In the past ten years subsurface drip irrigation on lucerne has grown from theory, trials and small plots to an accepted irrigation practice, with many hectares now installed. This "new" irrigation practice embraces all irrigation principles promoted by SABI - the highest possible water use efficiency in outperforming all existing irrigation methods by limiting unnecessary evaporation losses. This irrigation practice is primarily used in the water scarce central part of South Africa. We spoke to a few producers using subsurface drip irrigation regarding their experience.


The invention relates to a secondary battery-use active material, a secondary battery-use electrode and a secondary battery. The secondary battery includes: a cathode; an anode; and an electrolytic solution. The cathode includes a lithium-containing compound having an average composition represented by a following formula (1). The lithium-containing compound includes a central section and a surface section. A molar ratio b1 of manganese (Mn) in the surface section is larger than a molar ratio b2 of the Mn in the central section. A molar ratio 1+a1 of lithium (Li) in the surface section is smaller than a molar ratio 1+a2 of the Li in the central section. A ratio (1+a1)/(1+a2) between the molar ratio 1+a1 of the Li in the surface section and the molar ratio 1+a2 of the Li in the central section satisfies 0.5 (MnbCocNi ) MdO (1), wherein the M is one or more of aluminum, magnesium, zirconium, titanium, barium, boron, silicon, and iron; and the a to the e satisfy following formulas: 0


In this paper, computational numerical models constructed to simulate the response of steel-framed buildings with composite floors are described, and the results are compared with findings from tests undertaken on full-scale structures. The analysis is carried out using a finite element program which accounts for both geometric and material nonlinearities, and which includes temperature-dependent constitutive models for steel and concrete materials. The approaches used to represent the various structural details are discussed, and the procedure employed for incorporating the experimentally-measured temperature profiles and histories is described. A comparison between the numerical results and experimental measurements for several fire tests illustrate the reliability of the modelling tool and approaches. It is also shown that the extent of the structural models may be considerably reduced provided that representative boundary conditions are utilised, leading to improved computational efficiency. Furthermore, close examination of the numerical results provides an insight into the complex interactions that occur in a structure at elevated temperatures.


The invention discloses a method and system for obtaining television program expanded information of a smart television based on a mobile terminal. The method includes the steps that image information and text information obtained through the mobile terminal are sent to a server side; the server side returns the corresponding television program expanded information. The mobile terminal is connected with the smart television through a wireless network, then the mobile terminal obtains the image information and text information of television programs and sends the image information and text information to the server side, the server side returns the expanded television program expanded information to the mobile terminal, thus a user can obtain the television program expanded information according to the mobile terminal, information interaction of smart devices in a home network is achieved, and life intelligentization is achieved.


Recent studies on collocation have indicated that L2 collocation competence is a crucial factor that distinguishes L2 learners from fluent native speakers. However, mastery of collocation has proved difficult because of the sheer number of collocations in the targeted language. Although a great number of ICT tools have been integrated into language teaching and learning, academically sound and pedagogically enriched computer assisted collocation learning environments are still rare and inadequate in the field of Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language (TCFL). This paper reports an attempt to construct a Chinese Collocation Profile Database (CCPD) with more targeted selections of collocations, an improved database, and more pedagogically sound online activities in collocation learning. The study first identifies commonly confused collocations for CFL learners from the HSK corpus, and then obtains each collocation's high-frequency collocates from the BCC corpus based upon the strictly applied set of criteria using the corpus analysis toolkit AntConc. Collocation patterns for each collocate are also summarized for learners and teachers. Five types of activities are designed accordingly to train learners on methods for improving upon their collocation competence. 摘要:近年来的搭配研究表明,第二语言学习者的词汇搭配能力是他 们有别于流利的母语使用者的关键因素。然而,由于目标语言中搭配 的数量非常庞大,第二语言学习者学习并掌握搭配的难度也相当大。 尽管目前的语言教学和学习采用了很多的 ICT 工具,但在对外汉语教 学领域中,真正以科学的学术研究和合理的教学方法为基础的计算机 辅助汉语词汇搭配学习系统还非常少见。本文介绍了构建汉语词汇搭 配数据库(CCPD)的理论依据和实现方法。CCPD 对于搭配的选择将 更有针对性,所使用的语料库数据也更为准确,针对搭配模式所设计 的练习也更符合认知规律。CCPD 的设计的第一步是确定 HSK 动态作 文语料库中汉语学习者经常混淆的搭配,然后根据严格设定的统计标 准,使用语料库分析工具 AntConc 从北京语言大学 BCC 语料库中提 取高频搭配词语。在此基础上笔者再对每个高频搭配词语的搭配模式 进行总结和描写。在这些信息的基础上,CCPD 设计了五种类型的练 Guo, Li Supporting Collocation Learning and Teaching with a Chinese Collocation Profile Database © 2016 The Authors. Compilation © 2016 Journal of Technology and Chinese Language Teaching 39 习,以帮助提高汉语学习者的词汇搭配能力。


Contrary to predictions made a year ago that reformulated gasoline (RFG) would throw the U.S. gasoline storage and distribution system into chaos, overall adjustment to the many fuels required under RFG has been easier than expected, say operators of terminals and pipelines. Though as many as 70 different types of fuels now exist nationally, the fuels actually required in a given local area are limited to a very narrow range, allowing shippers to target deliveries. Some concerns have come to fruition: the loss of throughput, the inability to sidecut, and reduced efficiencies in both storage and transportation have occurred as predicted. However, these have appeared to less a degree than previously anticipated, admit even the most impassioned critics. In some cases, equipment upgrades are required - particularly for older terminals - to add drain-dry capabilities, for instance. Depending upon age, some facilities may take a few years to complete upgrades. Citing no serious problems with interface or backlog of product so far, the first 6 months of RFG conversion have proceeded with relative ease.


The study is focused on the development of new spectrophotometric reagent for metal ion determination. The synthesis was through the condensation reaction between amino compounds and carbonyl compound. The spectrophotometric activities of the new reagent was studied using chromium (VI), cobalt (II), Hg (II), Cu(II) and Pb (II) respectively. The use of Jenway UV/VIS spectrophotometer (double beam) model 6505 was used to elicit the wavelength of maximum absorbance of the five metal complexes. Another Jenway UV/VIS spectrophotometer (single beam) model 6305 was employed for the determination of variation in absorbance at various concentrations of the metal ion at constant reagent's concentration to draw the calibration curve. The curve finally showed the efficiency of the reagent up to 5 x 10-4 mole dm-3 of the metal ion concentration.

 Key words: Spectrophotometer, hydrazide derivatives, dioxallic thiophenyl azomethine hydrazine.


Svee, A. 2023. Deep inferior epigastric perforator flap breast reconstruction after mastectomy. An analysis of long-term outcomes and potential complications. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine 1971. 92 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-513-1883-7. This thesis evaluated the long-term effects and satisfaction with outcomes following deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP)-based breast reconstruction after mastectomy Paper I is a retrospective cohort study of women who received a unilateral DIEP in 2000– 2009 (n = 225) in Uppsala. These women were compared with individually matched women who underwent mastectomy without autologous reconstruction (n = 450). Recurrence and survival were primary endpoints. Both groups demonstrated a similar risk of recurrence. However, the DIEP group had a significant survival advantage not persisting after adjusting for tumor characteristics. Paper II examined whether breast reconstruction using a DIEP flap is associated with volume changes or arm lymphedema symptoms. It hypothesized that compared with DIEP reconstructions without using the cephalic vein (CV), that using CV is not associated with ipsilateral lymphedema. Patients completed the Lymphedema Quality of Life Inventory questionnaire to assess postoperative lymphedema symptoms. CV was found to be potentially useful as an extra venous outflow in DIEP breast reconstructions without increasing the risk of ipsilateral arm swelling or lymphedema symptoms. Paper III evaluated the aesthetic outcome and satisfaction with the appearance of abdominalbased breast reconstruction in the long-term. Patients responded to the postoperative BREASTQ model, and their photographs were at a mean of 11 years postoperatively. The outcomes of the BREAST-Q and available normative scales were compared. The photographs were assessed by two panels, comprising eight professionals and lay individuals, respectively. According to patients, professionals, and lay observers, abdominal-based breast reconstructions yielded good term aesthetic outcomes. Paper IV is a retrospective study of long-term changes in the donor site after harvesting the DIEP flap. Patients were invited to complete BREAST-Q questionnaires regarding the abdomen. The follow-up period was >8 years. Most participants reported no abdominal pain and expressed satisfaction with their abdominal appearance. The outcomes were compared between women with DIEP and women who underwent mastectomy for breast cancer without abdominal-based breast reconstruction. DIEP breast reconstruction did not cause donor site morbidity and women with DIEP reconstruction were more likely satisfied with their abdominal appearance. Briefly, DIEP flap breast reconstruction yields long-lasting favorable outcomes for women undergoing mastectomy.


inspire more than passing mention among scholars who have studied his oeuvre. A small painting on wood, the picture is reminiscent of seventeenth-century Dutch genre scenes and nineteenth-century French depictions of chess players by Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier and Eakins's teacher, Jean-Leon G~r6me. It was executed in 1876 and accepted, along with four other works by Eakins, for exhibition at the International Centennial Exposition held in Philadelphia. Unlike the controversial 1875 Gross Clinic (Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia), which had been rejected by the Centennial's Committee of Selection and relegated to the medical exhibits at the United States Army Post Hospital, The Chess Players was hung in the American section of the art


This work was carried out in context with the course of Internship/Dissertation, of the Masters in Environmental Sciences and Technology, from the Faculty of Science of the University of Porto, and it has as its main objective the optimization of a corrugated cardboard industry's Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant's (IWWTP) operation process, with the secondary goal of obtaining the license to discharge the industrial wastewaters generated in the factory's productive process in the public drainage system. The internship took place in the company Europa&C Cartão Ovar, S.A., for a period of 9 months. As an initial situation, there was a non-functioning IWWTP, unable to treat the industrial effluents generated in the factory; the company was in the process of changing the supplier of chemical products needed to treat the effluents, and didn't have a license to discharge the treated industrial effluent in the public drainage system nor the hydraulic connection to it. Being a company engaged in the manufacture and marketing of corrugated cardboard, Europac generates, in its production process, two types of effluent; glue effluent, from the washing of the gluing stations in the corrugator, in the cardboard production stage, and the paint effluent, from the washing of the printer used in the cardboard transformation stage. At the end of the internship, the company had a permanent chemical product supplier, the IWWTP was able to treat the two types of effluent generated in the production process and it was hydraulically connected to the municipal collector. Regarding the license to discharge treated industrial effluent, Europac has in its possession all the necessary elements to the requirement of the license, except for the technical drawings of the factory and IWWTP, to be elaborated by an engineering and architecture company hired by Europac. During the internship, tests were carried out to characterize the treated and untreated effluent, a jar test using the glue effluent to test the feasibility of its treatment, among other activities.


Research on the functions of vegetation for reducing wind-sand disaster through field test was conducted.The results indicate that plants can obviously increase the surface roughness of different dunes,which provides mechanism of wind-preventing and sand-controlling.With the vegetation coverage increasing,the sand transporting amount and sand erosion(accumulation) and dust drops amount significantly reduced.Based on the analysis on sand transport rate of the different dunes,we can see that the rate separately drops 93.6% in fixed dune and 59.8% in semi-fixed dune.Comparing with the newly cultivated sandy land the wind-erosion status only has 32.6% in fixed dune and 73.4% in semi-fixed dune in the month of highest wind-erosion status.There is a common regularity.The dust amount concentrates in April,May and June,and biggest in April,accounting for 1/4~1/2 of the total;the dust amount changes significantly on horizontal or vertical gradient in each month.


The life and contribution of Arturo Barea, the Spanish-born writer, is discussed. Some of his most outstanding works are highlighted.


Abstract Information on the distribution and related epidemiological characteristics of herpesvirus infections, and in particular referring to Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BoHV1) and Bubaline Herpesvirus 1 (BuHV1) in buffaloes, have to date not been reported. Different studies based on serological surveys and viral isolation describe the circulation of both infections in this species. The specific etiological attribution of the infections in sero-surveys can be uncertain because of antigenic cross-reactivity of these ruminant α-herpesvirus and therefore depends on the diagnostic techniques employed. For this , we proceeded in verifying the diffusion of the two infections in a buffalo population of Central Italy. The sample size for the number of herds to test was defined considering an expected prevalence > 20% and the number of heads to be tested within each herd was established using an expected prevalence of > 25% (absolute precision of 5%, with 95% confidence level). The 155 herds to test were those with no IBR vaccination history. A maximum of 15 random blood samples were collected within the >3 year age category. The same sampling criteria was adopted when cows were present on buffalo farms to study the possible role of this species. Through the combined use of gB-gE Elisa tests, we assigned a specific infection status, for the BuHV1 infection status (gB-pos/gE-neg), as confirmed by an experimental infection conducted by us inoculating buffaloes with the BuHV1 "strain Metzler", and for the BoHV1 status (gBpos/gE-pos) as that observed for the infection in bovines. Prevalence of infection, based on the Elisa status of each animal, were estimated for the whole sample and within each herd. Furthermore, the selected farms were investigated for their numeric consistency, presence of bovines, occurrence of typical clinical herpesvirus disorders occurring during the year prior to sampling. The association of these factors with the infection status was verified using logistic linear regression models. Prevalence for all infection status were observed at population level with no statistical difference between them, while the highest prevalence obtained at herd level was that for the co-existence of the two infections within the same herd. From the linear regression analysis, only the numeric consistency was associated with herds positive for BuHV1 and BoHV1 infection. Concomitance of the two herpesvirus infection in buffaloes as well as in bovine herds should be kept in focus both in their diagnosis as well as in their control.


Background In the ATTRACT trial, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with the anti-TNF monoclonal antibody infliximab showed significant improvement in the signs and symptoms of disease (e.g. as measured with using the Disease Activity Score [DAS]); treatment also achieved improvement in quality of life measures and inhibited the progression of structural damage at 54 weeks. The ultimate clinical utility of biologic agents may be impacted by their high acquisition costs. However, RA is itself associated with substantial direct and indirect costs that vary with the severity of disease. Therefore, highly effective therapies for RA may be cost effective. Objectives To assess the total costs of treating RA, exclusive of the costs of study medication, for patients enrolled in the ATTRACT trial, and to correlate total costs with disease activity and response to therapy using the DAS. Methods Economic evaluation was performed on patients in the ATTRACT trial over 54 weeks of study. The economic impact of improvement in disease activity was assessed by analysing costs according to clinical response using the DAS. DAS28 was calculated as follows: 0.56*SQRT(TJC) + 0.28*SQRT(SJC) +0.7ln (ESR) + 0.014*(pt global (VAS)). Clinical responses in the trial were characterised as 'None', 'Moderate' or 'Good' using DAS scores at endpoint and change in DAS during the study. Categorical variables were tested using Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test. Results Clinical efficacy at 54 weeks was significantly greater among patients receiving infliximab compared to those receiving placebo (p = 0.001). Total cost among all patients with ?Good? DAS response was $3,836 compared to $5,613 and $13,125 among patients with ?Moderate? and ?None? response respectively. Thus, patients who had a ?Good? DAS response cost $9,289 less on average, compared to ?None? DAS response. DAS28 response rates and total cost by DAS response are presented below.Abstract SAT0256 Table 1 Good Moderate None Pts. evaluated 110 112 205 Placebo DAS28 Response 5.7% 15.9% 78.4% Infliximab DAS28 Response 30.9% 28.9% 40.2% Mean ± SD $3,836 ± $2,893 $5,613 ± $6,640 $13,125 ± $29,119 Median $2,965 $3,386 $5,530 Interquartile range ($1,960,$4,856) ($2,170,$6,130) ($2,889,$10,501) Range ($433,$16,717) ($141,$39,610) ($226,$350,138) Conclusion Improvement in DAS significantly reduced the cost of treating RA patients. In patients with severe RA, therapy with infliximab was effective, as assessed by DAS. Moreover, patients achieving moderate and good DAS responses incurred significantly less costs over 54 weeks of therapy than non-responders. This data shows that among patients with severe RA, highly effective therapy, such as infliximab, can reduce costs. Such therapy may be cost effective.