In this paper, an analytical method of capacitance and characteristic impedance is proposed, which is for asymmetrical coplanar waveguide with defected ground structure (ACPW-DGS). The capacitance equivalent model of ACPW-DGS is established. Using conformal mapping method and first category of incomplete elliptic integrals F (φ, k), the closed-form expressions of capacitance and characteristic impedance are obtained for the first time. Computed results match the simulated ones well.


The reaction of chlorophyll a/sup +/ (Chl a/sup +/) with either Chl a/sup -/ or pheophytin a/sup -/ (Pheo a/sup -/) in addition to the reaction of Pheo a/sup +/ with Pheo a/sup -/ was studied in butyronitrile (BCN), BCN-1% THF, THF, and DMF. The electrochemically produced radical ion pairs Chl a/sup +/-Chl a/sup -/ and Pheo a/sup +/-Pheo a/sup -/ react in each solvent to produce a 10/sup -7/-10/sup -4/ yield of luminescent states on the basis of the initial number of radical pairs. The Chl a/sup +/-Pheo a/sup -/ reaction produces no observable luminescence in any of the solvents examined. The luminescence maximum for the Pheo a/sup +/-Pheo a/sup -/ reaction occurs at 730 nm in each solvent and is strongly red-shifted relative to the fluorescence maxima for optically excited Pheo a in these solvents. A similar result is obtained for the Chl a/sup +/-Chl a- reaction in BCN. However, emission from the Chl a/sup +/-Chl a/sup -/ reaction in the other three solvents occurs at 680 nm and corresponds more closely to normal fluorescence from optically excited Chl a. The red-shifted spectra are consistent with the formation of excimers. The ac voltammetry of Chl a in BCNmore » provides evidence that Chl a is aggregated in the ground state in this solvent. Chl a reduction shows four waves in BCN and two waves in the other three solvents. Thus, the Chl a/sup +/-Chl a/sup -/ reaction in BCN does not form a true excimer, whereas the Pheo a/sup +/-Pheo a/sup -/ reactions in each solvent do. The luminescence efficiencies of these charge-transfer neutralization reactions are discussed in terms of the geometric constraints on electron-transfer reactions in photosynthetic reaction centers. 4 figures, 3 tables.« less


Ichthyophis bannanicus,which is endemic to mainland of China,is an endangered amphibian,and few researchers focus their studies on this species.In this article,the discovery,naming,distribution,habitat,shape,behaviors,atomy,chromosome,mitochondrion,threats to survival and conservation etc.are reviewed according to the data published recently. The purpose of it is to provide valuable information to the researchers in the future.


Thedevelopment ofaturn-to-turn fault diagnosis systemininduction motorsstator windings ispresented. The systemconsists ina digital faults simulator basedon state variables andinanAdaptive FuzzyInference System (AFIS). The developed prototype wasvalidated through comparisons between thedigital simulator's results andexperimental results inathree- phase, 5Hp,4poles, 60Hzmotor. Thefuzzy system usesasfault indicators therotor slip, thenegative-sequence current andthe positive-sequence current angle. Theproposed system isbasedon asensorless dataacquisition method(voltages andcurrents) and itisimmunetovariations oftheloadoperating point. Another advantage isthefaulty phaselocalization. I.INTRODUCTION Nowadays, electric motors areoneofthemostusedequip- mentsintheindustries. Taking this into account, thesubjects related totheir protection against failures arehighly important. Preventive maintenance tools aredeveloped aiming atincreas- ingofmotor's useful life, reducing idling periods, avoiding unnecessary disconnections, scheduling people availability to themaintenance atthefault momentandreducing costs. Thekeytoreach theobjective istheability offault's detec- tion atincipient stages, asthat complete failures mayquickly occurafter theinitial failures development. Thesefaults occur duetostresses towhichinduction motorsare,inevitably, submitted. H.Bonnett andG.C.Soukup (1)described thermal, electric, mechanic andambient conditions that lead motors to faults. A great partofinduction motors premature faults occurin thestator windings. Theturn-to-turn short circuit isaprimary fault thathappens after theinsulation breakdown.Besides motorasymmetries, itcauses thetemperature andcurrents toincrease. After this primary fault, themotor's degradation process isaggravated. Consequently, moredamaging failures suchasphase-to-phase andturn-to-ground short circuit appear. Thisresults inirreversible motordamage. However, ifthe turn-to-turn faults aredetected atincipient stage, thefaulty phasewinding maybesubstituted, reducing financial loss significantly. Thiscould minimize therepair cost, theneedof additional manpowerandrelated losses, mostespecially the loss inproduction. Worksabout turn-to-turn short circuit localization arehardly foundintheliterature. Thefaults localization wouldnotonly minimize therepair timebutwouldalsoallow anoptimized maintenance scheduling. Ithappens because, insomecases, a quick andtemporary solution maybeaccomplished bycutting thefailed turnsoutofthewinding. J.Penmanetal.(2) presented analgorithm ofshorted-turns localization through theaxial leakage fluxmonitoring. Theschemewascapable tolocate thefailed winding byusing aminimumoffour search windings symmetrically located tothedrive shaft. The disadvantage ofthis technique isthat itisnotconvenient to motors located inindustrial plants ambient. Manyfaults detection methods arefoundintheliterature. Someon-line methods require additional sensors tomeasure axial flux(2)orvibration (3). However, themostattractive faults detection methods arethose thatareonlybasedon voltages andcurrents measurements (sensorless methods). Faults indicators may beestablished basedjustonthese measurements. A detection methodcommonlyusedistheSequential Components Method(4)-(6). Thismethodcomesfromthe following principle: whenanunbalanced motorisfedby balanced supply voltages, itgenerates currents composed by sequential components. A possible limitation ofthis detection methodisthedependance ofamotor's operating point. As soonastheloadlevel andthefaults change thestator currents, somedetection mechanism should differentiate them.


Abstract In order to gain a greater understanding of the three ways of teaching qualitative and quantitative techniques, we examined course content. In this article, we propose management decision making as an alternative for the MPA graduate who may use these skills to make more informed decisions. We provide support for a quantitative decision-making course focused on building analytical skills, show that this is a path taken by several programs, and respond to several questions and issues central to teaching quantitative methods to MPA students within the NASPAA guidelines.


Means for blowing containers (2), particularly for container inspection machines, wherein the device (1) comprises a nozzle member (3), and said container (2) along a transport direction (4) to be transported, characterized in that the nozzle member (3) is formed as an elongate Luftleitkanalgehause (6), which is designed as Venturischlitzduse, wherein the Venturischlitzduse with its central axis (Y) extending in the longitudinal direction of the Luftleitkanalgehause (6), parallel to the horizontal, and an angle to the direction of transport (4) is arranged wherein the Luftleitkanalgehause (6) having on its outlet side (8) comprises a nozzle slot (16), the outlet side (8) merges into a rounded executed transition region (9) and opens into an adjoining main page (10), wherein one of the nozzle slot (16) emerging airflow (20) through the transition region (9) and the guide page (10) from a Behalterbo the (5) of the container (2) is directed oriented away.


This paper presents a new chaos synchronization scheme based on the proposed stochastic adaptive sliding mode observer. The observer overcomes the drive system model uncertainties and unknown parameters to recover the drive system chaotic states form a scalar noisy coupling signal. Using the appropriate adaptation low the unknown parameters of the drive system are estimated and used to boost the state estimations. In addition, drive system state noise, channel noise, and measurement noise, are considered and the system and observer are modeled via stochastic differential equations. Stochastic stability of the drive-response system is proved through several theorems. These theorems guarantee that the mean values of the state estimation errors converge to zero as time goes to infinity. In the observer the adaptive sliding mode gains are always nonsingular even when the estimation error goes to zero. Presented numerical simulations confirm the effectiveness of the proposed observer and chaos synchronization scheme.


Tianjin City adjoins Beijing City,the Capital of China.The emergency management of unexpected disasters is very onerous in Tianjin City because of its unique geographical location and natural geographical features.Therefore,taking"One Plan and Three Systems"as the core,the paper explores a series of effective measures in reponse to potential unexpected disasters in Tianjin City such as strengthening the emergency response plan system,improving the emergency management system,rationalizhing the emergency management mechanism,and perfecting the emergency management law,etc.


We present a method for early forest fire detection from a satellite image using the belonging probability matrix image. We have considered each satellite image matrix line as a realization of a nonstationary random process in the thermal infra-red (TIR) spectral band and then divided each line into very small stationary and ergodic intervals to obtain an adequate mathematical model. Furthermore, the pixels of the satellite image are considered to be statistically independent; thus, any small interval of each line behaves, naturally, as a Gaussian stationary noise. In this work, we have, therefore, selected the latter as a mathematical model for modelling these intervals of a satellite image without fire, and then, we have determined the parameters of this Gaussian realization. So, when a fire occurs in this forest zone, we can use these parameters to calculate its belonging probability to the original image without fire. This probability should be very small because the fire, in any forest, can be considered as a rare event. As a consequence, we have presented a matrix image of the probability inverse of each interval for a better fire detection observation.

Resume

Nous presentons une methode de detection precoce des feux de forets par image satellite en utilisant l'image matricielle de la probabilite d'appartenance. Nous avons considere chaque ligne matricielle de l'image satellite comme une realisation d'un processus aleatoire non stationnaire dans la bande spectrale TIR (Thermal Infra-Rouge), puis divise chaque ligne en tres petits intervalles stationnaires et ergodiques, afin d'obtenir un modele mathematique adequat. Ensuite, les pixels de l'image satellite sont consideres comme statistiquement independants, et donc chaque petit intervalle de chaque ligne se comporte, naturellement, comme un bruit gaussien stationnaire. Dans ce travail, nous avons donc selectionne ce dernier comme modele mathematique pour modeliser ces intervalles d'une image satellite sans feu et nous avons determine les parametres de cette realisation gaussienne. Ainsi, lorsqu'un feu survient dans cette zone de foret, nous pouvons utiliser ces parametres pour calculer sa probabilite d'appartenance a l'image originale sans feu. Cette probabilite doit etre tres faible puisque le feu, dans toute foret, peut etre considere comme un evenement rare. Par consequent, nous presentons une image matricielle de l'inverse de la probabilite de chaque intervalle pour une meilleure observation de detection des feux.


Idioms are non-compositional expressions where the meaning of the whole is different from the literal meaning of their constituent elements (Cooper, 1999). Because of this special nature, idioms can become a serious "bottleneck" for second language acquisition. In the traditional view, idioms can only be learned through blind memorization, since their meaning is considered arbitrary (e.g. Hamblin & Gibbs, 1999). By contrast, in cognitive linguistics (CL), idioms are considered to be motivated (Boers, 2004). It is further argued that such cognitive motivation could facilitate the learning of figurative idioms (Kovecses, 2002) and experimental evidence in this respect is gradually accumulating (Boers 2013, 2015). In this connection, the situation of Chinese learners of English as an L2 has not yet been fully examined. This study aims to fill this research gap through the experimental exploration of the effects of classroom instruction based on cognitive linguistics (CL) on the learning of idioms by Chinese EFL learners. The specific purpose of this study is to verify three hypotheses that involve the short-term and long-term effects of this approach to idiom comprehension and retention and the different effects of metaphor and metonymy. In order to test their validity, an experiment was conducted with fifty Chinese freshmen, including one pre-test, the teaching activity, and two post-tests. The experiment results provided support for CL-based instruction on English idioms. Both of the two classes perform better after teaching activities, but the experimental group has a higher score and actually acquires more knowledge within the same time limit. In the posttest 2, the experimental group memorized the idioms much better than the control group after two weeks and the difference between the two groups widened to a great extent. Comparing the accuracy rates reveals better short-term and long-term learning for metonymy-based than metaphor-based idioms. 1 Financial support for the research on which this paper is based has been provided by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, grant FFI2013-43593-P. EPiC Series in Language and Linguistics Volume 2, 2017, Pages 23–35 Professional and Academic Discourse: an Interdisciplinary Perspective C.Vargas-Sierra (ed.), AESLA 2016 (EPiC Series in Language and Linguistics, vol. 2), pp. 23–35 1 Research Motivation and Hypotheses Idioms are non-compositional expressions where the meaning of the whole is different from the literal meaning of their constituent elements (Cooper, 1999). Because of this special nature, idioms can become a serious "bottleneck" for second language acquisition. For example, for most L2 learners, it is difficult to understand the idiomatic meaning of kick the bucket by analyzing the meanings of its component parts kick, the, and bucket. In the traditional view, idioms can only be learned through blind memorization, since their meaning is considered arbitrary (cf. the observations in Hamblin & Gibbs, 1999). By contrast, in cognitive linguistics (CL), idioms are considered to be motivated (Boers, 2004), which is consonant with experimental evidence on the existence of interplay between compositional and idiomatic meaning (cf. Cacciari & Corradini, 2015). It is further argued that such cognitive motivation could facilitate the learning of figurative idioms (Kövecses, 2002) and experimental evidence in this respect is gradually accumulating (e.g. Boers 2013, 2015). The approach to metaphor and metonymy developed by cognitive linguists provides powerful explanations for how people think and act. Some idioms may combine conceptual metaphor and metonymy. For instance, in the idiom gain the upper hand, the underlying cognitive motivation of hand is the metonymy HAND FOR CONTROL and the word upper is motivated by the conceptual metaphor CONTROL IS UP. The idiosyncrasy of idioms in Chinese has been addressed by some scholars from a cognitivist perspective (see Zhang & Bai 2015 and the references therein), and some preliminary experimental work (e.g. Carroll & Conklin, 2015) points to the difficulties that the non-compositional nature of idioms poses for Chinese speakers of English. However, the situation of Chinese learners of English as an L2 has not yet been fully examined. This presentation aims to fill this research gap through the experimental exploration of the effects of classroom instruction based on cognitive linguistics (CL) on the learning of idioms by Chinese EFL learners. The specific purpose of this study is to verify the following three hypotheses: Hypothesis 1: Given CL-based instruction, EFL learners can better understand the meanings of idioms and improve their learning outcomes of them. Hypothesis 2: By presenting the cognitive motivation for idioms, EFL learners can memorize idioms faster and keep them longer in memory. Hypothesis 3: Since metonymy is a straightforward "afford access" relation, less complex than the pairing of cross-domain correspondences characteristic of metaphor, idioms grounded in metonymy are more easily acquired than those grounded in metaphor.


Development of Information System is now so rapid, using the media,
among information technology such as internet and web information, this
information through the media that can be delivered to reach the various
sections of the community. Cobit Framework is a service for auditing
Information Systems are the most commonly used to audit info rmation
systems in a rapid, accurate, and interactive.In this case, Cobit Framework
will provide information about problem-solving solutions and the latest news
in the field of information technology to the PT. X, where the information is
distributed to the division or branch office of PT. X.With the analysis made
Human Resource is expected to be one of the alternative data processing
and delivery of information that will save time, energy, and assist in the cost
and improve the smoothness of the process of working on the PT. X.


(57) Abstract: storm water is a device and method for processing a storm water stream to remove contaminants contained in storm the water as it flows through the pavement urban areas. The apparatus has a water permeability of around the outer wall (10), a basket (B) having a spaced apart water permeable inner wall (12) with enclosed by the outer wall (10). The bed of absorbable absorbent contaminants in storm water (14), between the outer and inner walls while allowing fluid flow in these walls, are arranged. Inner drain space (20) is defined by the inner wall, and fluidly flow to the outlet and the absorbent material for the treated water for the basket (B). During operation, the siphon effect, the inner space (20) a storm water from the bed (14), thus it is caused to draw the drain conduit (46) inside.


ARC members can download the presentation files on our password-access online portal iARC. Non-ARC members please email email@example.com with your requests. Many parameters in mechanical systems cannot be measured physically with good accuracy, which results in parametric and external excitation uncertainties. In this presentation we compare two new computational approaches for parameter estimation. The first approach is a polynomial-chaos based Bayesian approach in which maximum likelihood estimates are obtained by minimizing a cost function derived from the Bayesian theorem. The second one uses an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to obtain the polynomial chaos representation of the uncertain states and the uncertain parameters. The two methods are illustrated on a nonlinear four degree of freedom roll plane vehicle model, where an uncertain mass with an uncertain location is added on the roll bar. Both approaches can work with noisy measurements and yield results close to the actual values of the parameters, except when different combinations of uncertain parameters lead to essentially the same time response than the measured response. In that case, the a posteriori probability densities of the estimated parameters obtained with the EKF approach cannot be trusted. The Bayesian approach identifies that problem since the Bayesian cost function has an entire region of minima, and can use regularization techniques to yield most likely values in that region based on a priori knowledge. This presentation is motivated by the need to determine the mass of off-road vehicles whose loading conditions vary significantly from one trip to the next. The online estimate is to be used by vehicle control strategies such as safety control and powertrain control strategies to improve passenger safety, reduce the likelihood of vehicle rollover, and improve vehicle performance. Existing sprung mass estimation strategies based on suspension dynamics require either suspension force actuation or prior knowledge of terrain characteristics. This presentation proposes three estimation methods, each of which is founded on a base excitation model of a vehicle suspension system. The base excitation formulation treats unsprung mass motions as measured base excitations, thus eliminating the need for ground disturbance measurement or suspension actuation. The proposed methods uniquely combine the base-excitation concept with recursive estimation strategies. These strategies include recursive least squares, recursive total least squares, and recursive polynomial chaos estimation. The presentation demonstrates the methods via computer simulations of quarter-car and half-car models. It concludes that each method may provide a potential solution for real-time, sprung mass estimation …


Perhaps more than anything, amputees want to engage in normal activities of daily living without attracting attention to their disability Their best hope of achieving this is with a lifelike prosthesis that operates by means of naturally occurring control signals. Experiments have shown that the currently available elbow prostheses with proportional myocontrol and high joint stiffness provide significant drawbacks to this goal [1]


This paper presents a History Friendly Model which addresses the issue of the bifurcation in "technological styles" between US and Britain during the nineteenth century. The model aims at gaining a better understanding of the micro-dynamics that gave rise to different patterns of innovation in the two countries. In particular, we suggest that different demand patterns might be an explanation for the faster diffusion of capital intensive technologies in the US. Simulation results confirm this hypothesis, although only when we jointly control for the role of technological opportunities.


Author(s): Yeh, Szu-Tsen | Advisor(s): Purcell, Nicole H. | Abstract: Crucial cellular events such as death, growth, metabolism, proliferation, and hypertrophy are regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins. PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase (PHLPP) is a serine/threonine phosphatase that has been shown to directly dephosphorylate several members of the AGC family of kinases. Removal of PHLPP2 in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) induces hypertrophic growth and activates fetal gene expression at baseline and potentiates phenylephrine (PE)-induced gene expression 2 fold over siControl. Since removal of PHLPP2 in NRVMs does not affect Akt phosphorylation PHLPP2 must have the ability to repress cellular hypertrophy through regulation of other unknown targets. G-protein coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5), an AGC kinase, has been shown to regulate cardiac hypertrophy through de-repression of gene transcription and by directly binding DNA. Upon down-regulation of PHLPP2, stimulation of NRVMs with the hypertrophic agonist PE induced GRK5 accumulation in the nucleus and export of HDAC5. Conversely, overexpression of PHLPP2 blocked PE-induced hypertrophic growth, re-expression of fetal genes and nuclear accumulation of GRK5 in cardiomyocytes. The translocation of GRK5 by PHLPP2 knockdown was dependent on calmodulin binding. Through siRNA studies it was found that GRK5 is necessary for PE-induced hypertrophy following PHLPP2 knockdown. Here we demonstrate for the first time in cardiomyocytes that knockdown of PHLPP2 regulates hypertrophic growth through GRK5. Understanding the signaling pathways affected by PHLPP2 has potential for new therapeutic targets in the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy and failure.


This paper proposes a p-type double gate junctionless field effect transistor having opposite doping in the core with that of the silicon body referring to rectangular core–shell (RCS) architecture. The use of RCS has significantly reduced the gate induced drain leakage and therefore, obtaining improved performance parameters. It is observed that the parasitic BJT action gets diminished in RCS architecture due to enlargement of tunneling width at the channel/drain interface. Further, after validating our simulations with the experimental results of junctionless p-type FET we demonstrated that insertion of oppositely doped core in silicon body helps to achieve volume depletion in OFF state. The simulation results show that junctionless FET with RCS architecture exhibit lower OFF current, higher ON/OFF ratio, better drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) and superior subthreshold slope (SS) at lesser channel lengths. The measured values of OFF current, ON current, ON/OFF ratio, DIBL and SS at channel length 20 nm for RCS architecture are −9.96 × 10−15 A, −2.33 × 10−5 A, 0.23 × 1010, 42.1 mV V−1 and 67.7 mV/decade respectively. Interestingly, we have found a correlation between RCS thickness and channel length. Finally, a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) inverter with RCS architecture is also designed. The voltage transfer characteristics of RCS based CMOS has been significantly improved as compared to the conventional junctionless CMOS inverter.


Silage maize as a fodder crop has been still produced in Republic of Serbia at insufficient surfaces, mostly at holdings focused to livestock production, providing on that way adequate volume of quality animal feed. In order to determine economic effects of production in paper is used analytical calculation based on variable costs, as well as method of critical values of production and sensitive analysis. Analysis covers three year period, involving comparison of gained results. Paper goal is to present the results achieved in mentioned production, as to evaluate the importance of yields height to gained contribution margin (positive contribution margin was determined within the complete period).


Historical data on the Meckel's diverticulum are presented together with the analysis of the latest published literature data. A case is described of concomitant Meckel's flegmonous diverticulum and gangrenous appendicitis in a child eight years old with the clinical picture outlined at the time of admission into the hospital and surgical and conservative treatments administered.


Several auger bits were evaluated for drilling in frozen ground, asphalt, and concrete to determine bit performance in a wide range of materials. Promising bits in the 9- to 10-in. (229- to 254-mm) diameter range were used with varying success depending on bit configuration. Bits included finger bits and a two-wing bit with continuous cutters. It was possible to penetrate all the test materials, with performance depending on bit parameters and characteristics of the drill rig. Drill rig specifications are important because of the high torque and vertical thrust required for drill in these hard materials. The finger bits have an advantage over bits with fixed cutters (soldered to the bit) for this demanding drilling, since damaged and dull cutters can be rapidly replaced in the field without special equipment. Several smaller-diameter bits 3.5 in. (89 mm) to 6.5 in. (165 mm) were also tested in frozen ground only.


"Configuration space" is normally introduced as a name for some sort of mathematical abstraction. There are various candidates: when the application we have in mind is that of formulating the laws of a classical mechanics of point-particles living in Newtonian absolute space, one especially natural candidate is the set of all functions from particles to points of space. This set is naturally regarded as a "space" in its own right, since there are natural extensions of geometrical notions like betweenness and distance from the points of space to the members of this set.1 The history of the universe can then be exhaustively represented as a function from times to points of configuration space—in the Langrangian formalism for classical mechanics, the basic dynamical laws are expressed as constraints on this sort of function. The claim that a given function h accurately represents the history of the universe can be analysed, straightforwardly, as the claim that at each 1The definition of betweenness is straightforward: f1 is between f2 and f3 iff for each particle p, f1(p) is between f2(p) and f3(p). The standard definition of distance is more complicated: the distance between f1 and f2 is √ ΣpMass(p)| f1(p) f2(p)|. The naturalness of this particular definition only becomes apparent once one starts to think about how to use configuration space in formulating the laws of classical mechanics.


A 36-year-old woman with alpha-thalassaemia intermedia (haemoglobin-H disease) and no history of abdominal trauma was examined for annual follow-up with abdominal ultrasonography. Ultrasonography showed diffuse splenomegaly and a liver size within normal limits. Moreover, two hypoechoic lesions were detected in the right hepatic lobe (Fig. 1a). Computed-tomography and magnetic-resonance confirmed the lesions in segment VI (Fig. 1b, c). At last, Patient underwent Fescintigraphy that demonstrated diffuse spleen uptake and two areas of intense focal tracer uptake in the liver (Fig. 1d), consistent with the diagnosis of foci of intrahepatic extramedullary haematopoiesis (EMH). Extramedullary haematopoiesis is a compensatory response to deficient formation or function of red blood cells in which red blood cells are produced outside the bone. In congenital haemolytic disorders, as thalassaemia, there is excessive destruction of red blood cells leading to bone marrow hyperactivity. In these conditions, EMH presents adjacent to hematopoietically active bones. With acquired or neoplastic bone marrow replacement disorders, the marrow space is non-functional, and EMH occurs in abdominal organs (more commonly spleen and liver) or lymph-nodes (1). EMH usually shows microscopic involvement and generally results in diffuse hepatosplenomegaly, although, in rare cases, the involvement can manifest as a mass-like lesion. Focal EMH rarely involves the liver alone (2). In our case, the definitive diagnosis was obtained with Fe-scintigraphy, avoiding invasive bioptic procedures. Hepatic splenosis was excluded because of the patient medical history that did not include abdominal trauma or splenectomy (3). Once intrahepatic EMH is confirmed, no further workup is necessary.


Entropy‐driven ROMP (ED‐ROMP) involves polymerization of olefin‐containing macrocyclic monomers under entropically favorable conditions. Macrocycles can be prepared from a variety of interesting molecules which, when polymerized, impart unique functionality to the resulting polymer backbone such as degradable linkages, biological moieties, crystallizable groups, or supramolecular hosts. In addition, the sequence of atoms in the cyclic monomer is preserved within the polymer repeating units, allowing for facile preparation of sequence‐defined polymers. In this review article, we consider how the mechanism of ROMP applies to ED polymerizations, how olefinic macrocycles are synthesized, and how polymerization conditions can be tuned to maximize conversion. Recent works in the past 10 years are highlighted, with emphasis on methods which can be employed to achieve fast polymerization kinetics and/or selective head‐to‐tail regiochemistry, thus improving polymerization control. ED‐ROMP, with its unique capability to produce polymers with well‐defined polymer backbone microstructure, represents an essential complement to other, well‐established, metathesis methodologies such as ROMP. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1621–1634


The commented decision of the Supreme Administrative Court concerns a substantial theoreticaland practical issues, that is the stay of execution of a contested environmental approvaldecision ordered by the voivodship administrative courts. The environmental approvaldecisions are governed by the provisions of Art. 86f of the Act of 8 October 2008 on the1 Prof. dr hab., Zakład Prawa Ochrony Środowiska, Katedra Prawa Administracyjnego i Nauki Administracji, WydziałPrawa i Administracji Uniwersytet Łódzki, ORCID: 0000-0003-2138-8609.10 PIOTR KORZENIOWSKIdisclosure of environmental information, environmental protection and public participationin such protection and on the assessment of impact on the environment (consolidated text:Journal of Laws of 2022, item 1029, as amended, hereinafter referred to as 'u.u.i.ś'). The questionrequires a broader view of the problem of providing effective right of access to courts asfar as environmental protection issues are concerned. The finding in question is not the firstone of its kind; the Supreme Administrative Court has already expressed its opinion on stay ofexecution of disputed environmental approval decision ordered by court of justice in severalpreviously issued rulings, in accordance with Art. 61 3 p.p.s.a. in conjunction with Art. 86fsection 1 u.u.i.ś.


This invention provides to a molecule of nucleic acid encoding an isolated mammalian membrane antigen PROSTATE SPECIFIC Mammalian. In this invention provides nucleic acid probes that specifically hybridize to nucleic acid molecule encoding said antigen. This invention provides a method for detecting A TUMOR CELLS MICROMETASTICAS HEMATOGENOSAS a subject DEVELOP chain reaction (PCR) IN SAMPLES USING THE FIRST SUBJECT OF SUCH antigen. This invention describes methods to identify ligands that bind to such antigens. This invention describes PREVENTION AND / OR TREATMENT OF PROSTATE TUMOR GROWTH.


Nowadays, nanometer resolution and accuracy in many nanotechnology processes are required. But accuracy is in general opposed with range. High resolution over a wide range has been made possible using interferometric translation stages, in other words by combining metrology with classical mechanical motions. The interferometry is obviously a good solution. Nevertheless, its sensitivity to the medium index its price make it prohibited in many applications. In parallel of several works on interferometry, a lot of studies have been started to develop simple sensors or measurement systems gathering simplicity, high resolution over long range and low price potentialities [1-7]. We developed an optical sensor for centimeter range measurements with nanometric resolution. Simulation and modeling can be found in [8]. Here, the principle is detailed and experimental results are pointed out according to modeling results. We plan to use this sensor with a nano-displacement platform nano-manipulation and for a sample-holder in microscopy or lithography process.


[Objective] To investigate the effect and safety of monitored anesthesia care(MAC)by Propofol combined with Fentanyl in gastroscopy.[Methods] AU 520 patients attending for gastroscopy were randomly chosen and divided into control group(n=260)and MAC group(n=260).Control group underwent throat local anaesthesia by Lidocaine Hydrochloride Mucilage before normal gastroscopy.MAC group was given Fentanyl(1μg /kg) and Propofol (1~2 mg/s) intravenously after throat local anaesthesia.If the patients reached class Ⅳ~Ⅴ of Ramsay score,inserted the gastroscope,and maintained with Propofol 5~10 mg/min.[Results] In MAC group,painless percentage was 100%,213 patients(82%)was sedately asleep,26 patients(10%)had low-grade body movement,21 patient(8%) had obvious body movement,awake time was short,and the vital signs were stable during gastroscopy.In control group,all patients felt throat ache or discomfort.The incidence of bad resction in control group was higher than that in MAC group.[Conclusion] The application of MAC by Propofol combined with Fentanyl in gastroscopy is safe,comfortable and effective.


Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect and security of Jinqian Dantong oral liquid (JDOL) and Jindan tablet (JT) in the treatment of cholelithiasis. Methods: One hundred and fifty patients with cholelithiasis were divided into 2 groups randomly and blindly. Ninety-eight cases in the treatment group were treated with JDOL and Fifty-two cases in the control group were treated with JT. Results: The comprehensive effect of the treatment group and the control group in treating cholelithiasis was as following; The basic cure rate was 12. 25 % and 3. 85 % respectively, the markedly effective rate was 25. 51 % and 15. 39 % respectively, the effective rate was 52. 04 % and 36. 54 % respectively, the total effective rate was 89. 79 % and 55. 77 % respectively, The effect in the two groups of TCM dampness-heat syndrome was as following; the clinical cure rate was 23. 47 % and 13. 46 % respectively, the markedly effective rate was 31. 63 % and 15. 39 % respectively, the effective rate was 39. 80 % and 32. 70 % respectively; the total effective rate was 94. 89 % and 61. 54 % respectively. The statistics results showed significant difference between the two groups ( P 0. 01). Conclusion: JDOL had efficacy of clearing heat and dispersing dampness, soothing the liver and normalizing the function of the gallbladder, relieving pain and excreting stones. It was suitable for the patients with cholelithiasis caused by dampness-heat. Its effect was better than that of JT.


Q fever, a rickettsial infection seen worldwide, is caused by Coxiella burnetii. Most outbreaks occur in rural areas and are associated with exposure to animals or their excreta. Now, researchers describe a large outbreak of this illness at a religious boarding school in Tel …


This article argues that the political drama surrounding Prime Minister Koizumi Junichiro is a direct result of the political reforms implemented in Japan during the last decade. The new rules of the game have produced a structural force pushing Japan to resemble a Westminster system.


Evidence that the serum protein albumin evolves "in step" with other proteins was presented in 1973 (Sarich et al., 1973). A good correlation was demonstrated between micro-complement fixation (MC'F) measured albumin evolution and multiprotein evolution (as measured by Nei distance calculations from electrophoretic studies) for a few pairs of frog species and several pairs of primate species. This work was extended for frogs (Case et al., 1975) and further substantiated for mammals and reptiles by Sarich (1977). We present additional data on lungless salamanders of the family Plethodontidae, stemming from studies of several plethodontid genera (Wake et al., 1978; Highton and Larson, 1979; Maxson et al., 1979). We also compare albumin evolution in the genus Plethodon with DNA evolution as measured by DNA hybridization studies of Mizuno and Macgregor (1974). A good correlation is observed between albumin evolution and these other independent assessments of molecular evolution in salamanders.

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We present spectrum synthesis fits to 808 K+A galaxies selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and population synthesis of their spectral energy distributions, extending from the far UV (0.15 micron) to the mid IR (22 micron), based on the results of STARLIGHT code fitting to the SDSS spectra. Our modelling shows that K+A galaxies have undergone a large starburst, involving a median 50% of their present stellar masses, superposed over an older stellar population. The metal abundance of the intermediate-age stars shows that star formation did not take place in pristine gas, but was part of a dramatic increase in the star formation rates for originally gas-rich objects. We find no evidence for on-going QSO activity in the UV, which is well modeled by the emission of intermediate-age stars. We use K+A galaxies as local counterparts of high redshift objects to test for the presence of Thermally Pulsing AGB stars in similarly-aged populations and find no excess in the infrared due to emission from such stars, arguing that more distant galaxies are indeed old and massive at their redshift. All of our galaxies show significant excesses in the mid-IR compared to the light from their stars. We fit this ad hoc with a 300K blackbody. Possible sources include TP-AGB stars, obscured young star clusters and hidden AGNs, heating a significant dust component.


The present invention can suppress the generation of outgas, adhesion, transparency, and aims to provide a sealing agent for a display device having excellent reliability in high-temperature and high-humidity environment. The present invention includes a polythiol monomer having two or more thiol groups in one molecule, two or more carbon per molecule - a polyene monomer having a carbon double bond, for a display device containing a polymerization initiator a sealant is the polythiol monomer and / or the polyene monomer capable of reacting with the reactive functional groups as well as sealing agent for a display element containing a compound having a glycoluril backbone.


In this study, consideration was given to the evolution of design education in the UK and Ukraine. A review was conducted by comparing the following main parameters of the design education sphere in both countries: the historical background of its emergence in the 19th century, the dynamics of the development of higher institutions of design education during the 20th century, as well as quantitative and qualitative indicators of design education at the beginning of the 21st century. In the conclusion two main polar properties of contemporary design education are defined, namely: the ability to prepare for gradual entry into modern practical work/business on the one hand and thorough classical artistic preparation on the other. It has been suggested that with humanity approaching the super-hi-tech era, the tendency of design education in Ukraine, unlike in Britain, towards the second of these properties has a positive potential in preserving human-centric values in contemporary design.


Purpose: The goal of this paper is to provide initial insights into the impacts of the COVID19 crisis on inland navigation on both freight and passenger transport. It creates a starting point for further research and supports practitioners to prepare for future crisis situations. Methodology: After a review of the literature, we prepared an interview guideline and conducted ten interviews with experts from the inland waterway transport (IWT) sector (i.e. freight and passenger transport). The interviews were coded and analysed using MAXQDA software. After the content analysis following the approach of Mayring (2014) we discussed the results and derived future research needs. Findings: The COVID-19 crisis has both, positive and negative impacts on inland navigation. The inland navigation sector was affected by a reduction of transport volumes, the suspension of the passenger transport and requirements for crew changes or arbitrary regulations. A positive impact is that IWT is perceived as a reliable transport mode and customer bonding increased. Originality: This paper shows initial impacts of the COVID-19 crisis for the inland navigation sector for freight and passenger transport. It provides future research needs which serve as a starting point to conduct in-depth analysis of individual impacts of the crisis. © 2021 Proceedings of the Hamburg International Conference of Logistics. All rights reserved.


The article developed a new type of Ionization chamber,which is cylindrical and waterproof.It can be used for the measurement of radiation(X-Ray,E-Ray) does distribution and air kerma(rate) at the level of diagnosis and treatment.And used in clinical trials,It makes a comparison with PTW(a Genmany company) Ionization chamber.The results showed that the newly developed ionization chamber(model NT-D2) reaches the international advanced level.


In his book Bioviolence, DePaul University International Law Professor Barry Kellman seeks to mobilize the world to counter the deliberate use of microorganisms to inflict harm—a uniquely dangerous yet uniquely accessible threat. The title, Bioviolence, cuts through long-standing debates over whether one person's terrorist could be another's freedom fighter, or whether a given act of vio lence is a crime, an act of terrorism, or an act of war. These different cases need to be treated differently in detail, but considering them all as "bioviolence" reinforces the global norm that any use of a biological agent to inflict harm is categorically condemned. Kellman outlines the threat historically and technically, covering both state and nonstate programs. He points out that the power of biological weapons to kill and injure; their silent, delayed, and potentially transmissible effects; their accessibility; and their potential for subsequent attacks make them not only potent but also particularly disruptive. "If you want to stop modern civilization in its tracks," says Kellman, "bioviolence is the way to go." Although Kellman acknowledges that our lack of experience with biological attacks leaves considerable room for controversy regarding the magnitude of their threat, he takes issue with those who would discount either the intent of terrorists to use bioviolence or their ability to do so successfully. He addresses intent with an impressive collection of evi dence regarding Al Qaeda's interest in biological weapons, while reminding us that "even more worrisome is the biooffender that we do not know about." And to those who question the ability of groups to master an unfamiliar set of technologies, Kellman replies that such skepticism may be "well-founded for the moment, but [it] offers absolutely no security for tomorrow. Indisputably, bio violence is getting easier to do with each passing day." The evolution in the power and accessibility of bioscience—while clearly to the benefit of mankind—also increases the risk of illegitimate applications. Stating his concerns in a legal vernacular, Kellman finds that "there is opportunity and there is motive." Kellman lays out a comprehensive and far-reaching set of responses to the threat of bioviolence, some of which will no doubt prove to be even more controversial than his assertions about the threat. His strategy consists of four components:


AIM
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is an organic chemical that produces different tissue‑damaging effects when ingested or inhaled. Present study aims to determine whether the application of exogenous melatonin, a neurohormone with numerous biological properties, can prevent disturbances in lung tissue antioxidative capacities and arginine metabolism, tissue inflammation and oxidative damage induced by exposure to CCl4 in rats.

METHODS
The effects of melatonin on the changes occurring in rat lung tissue after an acute exposure to CCl4 were studied by monitoring alterations in antioxidant capacities, inflammatory parameters, parameters of arginine metabolism, and lipid and protein oxidative damage.

RESULTS
The results indicated that melatonin prevents CCl4-induced lung damage by mitigating tissue antioxidant capacity and preventing nitric oxide production through a shift from nitric oxide synthase to arginase. Also, melatonin partially prevented tissue inflammation and molecules' oxidative modification seen after exposure to CCl4.

CONCLUSIONS
The protective activity of melatonin can be attributed to its ability to scavenge both free radicals, as well as to its potential to increase tissue antioxidant capacity. The modulation of inflammatory response through both decrease in tissue inflammatory parameters and influence on arginine-nitric oxide metabolism might be an additional mechanism of action (Tab. 1, Fig. 2, Ref. 33).


The Niznhe-Taezhnyi many-metal (Ag, Pb, Zn, Sn, As, Mo, etc.) ore unit comprises different-facial magmatic formations belonging to the Primorsky (Turonian-Senonian), Samarginsky (Maastrichtian), and Bogopol"sky (Paleocene) volcano-plutonic complexes. Original K-Ar datings of the intrusive massifs showed their cooling time to fall on Paleocene (64±1ч54±1 m.y., 5 analyses) and Eocene (47±2 m.y., 1 analysis). This suggests that it is necessary to correct the available ideas of the history of ore unit, and of metallogenic specialization magmatic complexes.


Abstract Using single crystal X-ray diffraction technique the R configuration has been assigned to a (+)2-(3′nitrobenzylsulfinyl)-benzoic acid. In the molecule an extended chain C8[sbnd]S[sbnd]Cl[sbnd]C2 is observed. Both phenyl rings lie on almost one plane. O1 and O5 atoms are involved in attractive interactions.


The proposed International Linear Collider (ILC) will use tens of thousands of beam position monitors (BPMs) for precise beam alignment. The signal from each BPM is digitized and processed for feedback control. We proposed the development of an 11-bit (effective) digitizer with 500 MHz bandwidth and 2 G samples/s. The digitizer was somewhat beyond the state-of-the-art. Moreover we planned to design the digitizer chip using the deep-submicron technology with custom transistors that had proven to be very radiation hard (up to at least 60 Mrad). The design mitigated the need for costly shielding and long cables while providing ready access to the electronics for testing and maintenance. In FY06 as we prepared to submit a chip with test circuits and a partial ADC circuit we found that IBM had changed the availability of our chosen IC fabrication process (IBM 6HP SiGe BiCMOS), making it unaffordable for us, at roughly 3 times the previous price. This prompted us to change our design to the IBM 5HPE process with 0.35 µm feature size. We requested funding for FY07 to continue the design work and submit the first prototype chip. Unfortunately, the funding was not continued and we will summarize below the workmore » accomplished so far.« less


Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an independent risk factor for osteoporosis. Data regarding dietary calcium intake (DCI) among T2DM patients in South India are limited. Thus, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 205 T2DM patients from 5 randomly chosen diabetes clinics across Erode city, Tamil Nadu. The mean DCI was 583.72 ± 32.23 mg per day, with 78.5% of patients consuming less than the recommended daily allowance. Low physical activity was noted in 45% of the participants. Other variables, low knowledge scores (adjusted odds ratio; 95% confidence interval) (4.65; 1.43-12.16), unemployment (2.76; 1.57-4.62), being elderly (2.05; 1.23-5.27), and female (1.59; 1.09-4.27), were significantly associated with low DCI.


We describe the MR spectroscopy findings in three patients with Pelizaeus-Merzbacker disease, a rare leukodystrophy associated with mutations of the PLP gene on chromosome X. The patients studied had different PLP gene mutations and presented different metabolic patterns, indicating a different phenotypic expression of mutations of the same gene.


Background Ovarian cancer is the second most common gynecologic cancer worldwide and are usually diagnosed in advanced stages where prognosis is very poor. Ultrasound has been widely used to screen and differentiate benign and malignant ovarian neoplasm. There are several ultrasound scoring system designed to aid in the diagnosis, however, there is still no standard method accepted for screening of ovarian cancer. Objective To compare the accuracy of SASSONE Scoring and ADNEX Model in differentiating benign and malignant ovarian neoplasm in the University of Santo Tomas Hospital. Methodology Sixty-eight women who presented with an ovarian neoplasm by history and physical examination were recruited from January to October 2017. Ultrasound was requested to further characterize the mass. Sassone scoring and ADNEX Model were applied and computed based on the sonologic fi ndings to differentiate whether the ovarian neoplasm was benign or malignant. The gold standard was the histopathologic examination of the mass after surgery. Results There was no signifi cant difference in the accuracy of Sassone Scoring and ADNEX model in pre-operatively differentiating benign and malignant ovarian neoplasm with 88% and 89% accuracy rate, respectively. Sassone scoring has a sensitivity of 62.5% and specifi city of 91.67% while ADNEX has a sensitivity and specifi city of 37.5% and 96.67%, respectively. Conclusion There is no signifi cant difference in using SASSONE and ADNEX model in differentiating benign and malignant ovarian neoplasm prior to surgery. Both may be used as an ultrasound scoring system for predicting ovarian malignancy. However, in cases of suspicious tumors, ADNEX model is more useful in discriminating the type and stage of malignancy.


A rapid and agile development in the field of autonomous driving requires in particular the use of simulation. In order to ensure functional safety even in consequence of sensory defects, measurement deviations, or an incorrect environment model it is necessary to implement sensor models. Various data driven sensor modeling approaches, which are of particular interest for car manufacturers, have been introduced. In this paper we compare the learning capabilities of two different modeling approaches: Deep generative networks and non parametric density estimators. For comparative purposes and to give a detailed and realistic insight of existing strengths and weaknesses of each approach we use an, beyond the current state of the art, algorithm to generate a synthetic dataset.


The origin of fixed charges and dipole in GeO<inf>x</inf>/Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> gate stack deposited by atomic layer deposition was experimentally investigated. Three kinds of charges in the gate stacks: the Ge/GeO<inf>x</inf> interface charges <tex>$Q_{\mathit{1}}$</tex>, GeO<inf>x</inf>/Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> interface charge <tex>$Q_{\mathit{2}}$</tex>, and GeO<inf>x</inf>/Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> interface dipole <tex>$Q_{dipole}$</tex> were obtained by C-V characteristics. The XPS was used to explore the interfacial defect at both the Ge/GeO<inf>x</inf> and GeOx/Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> interfaces. It is found that positive charges <tex>$Q_{\mathit{1}}$</tex> at the Ge/GeO<inf>x</inf> interface is due to the oxygen vacancy, negative charges <tex>$Q_{\mathit{2}}$</tex> at the GeO<inf>x</inf>/Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> interface is due to the oxygen dangling bonds, <tex>$Q_{dipole}$</tex> is due to the band alignment at the GeO<inf>x</inf>/Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> hetero-interface, respectively.


Chemical composition and biological role of the surface coat (SC) of the root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. are described. SC proteins of M. incognita race 3 infective juveniles (J2) were characterized by electrophoresis and western blotting of extracts from radioiodine and biotin-labelled nematodes. J2 labelled with radioiodine and biotin released 125I and biotin-labelled molecules into water after 20 hours incubation, indicating that SC proteins may be loosely attached to the nematode. Antiserum to the principal protein reacted with the surface of live J2 and with surface proteins previously separated by electrophoresis. Human red blood cells (HRBC) adhered to J2 of several tylenchid nematodes over the entire nematode body. HRBC adhered also to nylon fibers coated with SC extracted from M. javanica J2; binding was Ca++/Mg++ dependent, and decreased when the nylon fibers were coated with bovine serum albumin, or pre-incubated with fucose and mannose. These experiments support a working hypothesis that RBC adhesion involves carbohydrate moieties of HRBC and carbohydrate-recognition domain(s) (CRD) distributed on the nematode surface. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a surface CRD i the phylum Nematoda. Gold-conjugated lectins and neoglycoproteins combined with silver enhancement have been used for the detection of carbohydrates and CRD, respectively, on the SC of M. javanica J2. Biotin reagents were used to trace surface proteins, specifically, on live J2. The labile and transitory nature of the SC was demonstrated by the dynamics of HRBC adherence to detergent-treated J2, J2 at different ages or fresh-hatched J2 held at various temperatures. SC recovery was demonstrated also by a SDS-PAGE profile. Monoclonal antibodies developed to a cuticular protein of M. incognita J2 gave a slight, but significant reduction in attachment of Pasteuria penetrans spores. Spore attachment as affected by several enzymes was inconsistent: alcian blue, which specifically blocks sulfyl groups, had no afffect on spore attachment. Treatment with cationized ferritin alone or catonized ferritin following monoclonal antibody caused significant decreases in spore attachment. Those results suggest a role in attachment by negatively charged groups.


Future satellite communications systems operating in Ka-band frequency band are subject to degradation produced by the troposphere which is much more severe than those found at lower frequency bands. These impairments include signal absorption by rain, clouds and gases, and amplitude scintillation's arising from refractive index irregularities. For example, rain attenuation at 20 GHz is almost three times that at 11 GHz. Although some of these impairments can be overcome by oversizing the ground station antennas and high power amplifiers, the current trend is using small (less than 20 inches apertures), low-cost ground stations (less than $1000) that can be easily deployed at user premises. As a consequence, most Ka-band systems are expected to employ different forms of fade mitigation that can be implemented relatively easily and at modest cost. The rain fade mitigation approaches are defined by three types of Ka-band communications systems - a low service rate (less than 1.5 Mb/s), a moderate service rate (1.5 to 6 Mb/s) system and a high service rate (greater than 43 Mb/s) system. The ACTS VSAT network, which includes an adaptive rain fade technique, is an example of a moderate service rate.


Summary and Conclusions Freshly isolated strains of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus induced inapparent infection and immunity in infant mice. A mouse-adapted strain, however, caused obvious signs of infection and a high mortality rate among infant mice. Adult mice were fully susceptible to both freshly isolated and mouse-adapted virus. These findings are in keeping with the epizoology of the disease in naturally infected mouse colonies.


Based on the neural network (NN) technique, a new sound quality evaluation (SQE) model for synthetical annoyance of vehicle noises is proposed in this paper. Based on the measured noise signals of a sample vehicle, the psychoacoustical models for loudness, sharpness and roughness are investigated. Annoyance values of the measured vehicle noises are estimated by a jury test following an anchor-scaled scoring method. A NN-based model for annoyance evaluation of vehicle noise, so-called VNA-NNM, is carried out. Finally, the VNA-NNM model is verified by the leave-one-out algorithm. The results suggest that the VNA-NNM model is accurate and effective for estimating sound quality of vehicle interior noises, which is instructive and useful for vehicle acoustical designs.


A simple derivation is given for the torque on a current loop of arbitrary shape, not necessarily planar, when it is placed in a uniform magnetic field.


To maintain Streaming media services flows friendly to TCP flows and h/ld the QoS of the streaming service in wireless networks,an adaptive rate control mechanism was proposed.Packet loss between.etwork congestion and wireless link error was distinguished to 'et the accurate state of the networks by the receiver.Occupati/n of the receiver buffer,which reflected how long the temporar)ly stored streaming medium data could be played,was also combined into this algorithm.And tradeoff between TCP-friendly and QoS of streaming media service was achieved through multi-level rate adjustment according to packet loss rate of congestion and queue length of receiver.The results of simulations show that good throughput was gained compared with TCP and TFRC,at most reaching 2M,in condition of 0-0.1 link drop rate,2 and 32 conncections.As link error and congestion was seperated by WTFCC,therefor,end to end packet drop rate was higher than TCP and TFRC,and also of higer throughput.Nomalized throughput indicated that WTFCC was friendly to TCP.


WBAN is a network of miniature biomedical sensors centered as implantable, wearable and around the human body to measure various physiological parameters in real time. Due to a resource-constrained nature of WBAN, a number of challenges have emerged. The prominent being the energy efficiency issue, which has been tackled in our work. Our research work concentrates on two operations i.e. clustering and encryption. Clustering is a widely used method to improve energy efficiency. The proposed algorithm is a static energy efficient clustering algorithm TEOSCC, which partitions the WBAN into static-time generated clusters. Clustering is accomplished by taking into consideration the spatial distribution of body sensor nodes, path loss during transmission, the transmission energy and a threshold value, making the scheme energy efficient. Including to TEOSCC another proposed approach is a novel ECDH-IBT algorithm, an energy efficient asymmetric block encryption scheme based on ECDH key exchange, which uses one way XOR function to protect the security/privacy and maintain good energy efficiency for WBAN's. Using generator points of an elliptic curve, the public-private key pair was generated and was used for encryption between the body sensor node and the base station, relieving the need of additional encryption on the cluster-head. Particularity of ECDH-IBT is that it can provide a reasonable security even with smaller key size.


This book in two volumes gives the status quaestionis of the Qumran Copper Scroll, fifty years after its discovery. The first part of volume one, amply illustrated with graphics and images, gives the technical expertise of its state of preservation together with the proposals for treatment developed by the laboratory EDF-Valectra for its restoration-conservation. The production of a facsimile by means of galvanoplasty and digitalized images is explained. The second part of volume one gives a largely renewed edition of the engraved Hebrew text with an up-to-date commentary, French and English translations, and indices. The second volume of nearly 400 plates publishes photographs and X-Rays of each segment before and after treatment, as well as the reproduction by means of galvanoplasty and digitalized images.


A method for the on-line quantification of Mn concentration in molten steel was examined. Application of atomic absorption spectrometry using a wavelength-variable laser as the light source was attempted. When the laser emission wavelength was set to the absorption center wavelength in a laboratory melting furnace experiment, it was difficult to measure Mn concentrations of more than 1.0% in the molten steel. Investigation on the relationship between the laser emission wavelength and absorbance was performed using an atomic absorption burner and it was found that the absorption sensitivity could be adjusted by shifting the wavelength from the absorption center wavelength. We reduced the absorption sensitivity to about 1/10 by shifting the laser emission wavelength about 0.015 nm from the absorption center to the longer wavelength side, and performed a melting furnace experiment again. Possibility of directly quantifying Mn concentrations of up to 1.5% or higher was demonstrated.


divides but offers little on how we are to manage these issues. As the overall trend of desegregation continues, ways to ease tension between groups in mixing neighborhoods will be essential to ensure that new forms of racial divide do not take root. Enos at times falls short in capturing the multifaceted nature of race and ethnicity, especially as it compares to other group divisions. For example, there is great debate over the degree to which the effects of residential segregation by race and ethnicity compare to class divisions. Some argue that it is class, not race or ethnicity, that currently drives spatial divides in the United States. However, this book spends little time untangling the potential differential effects of race, ethnicity, and class on spatial group tensions. Next, while the chapter on Israel is commendable in its effort to broaden the book's scope internationally, it ultimately distracts from the rest of the book, which otherwise focuses on the U.S. racial/ethnic context. The comparison between religious and ethnic segregation in Israel and the racial/ethnic segregation of the United States was limited, leaving many questions regarding why the character of different groups is important in the formation of a spatial divide. It is inevitable that such an innovative book leaves the reader searching for more. These limitations only serve to reinforce the importance of the book's findings. Through this book, we have a better understanding of segregation's continued effects on racial/ethnic division in the face of apparent desegregation. The lessons from this book will be of great value as this divide continues.


The main aim of this paper is to discuss the usage of cloud storage services, enabling individuals to store their information in the cloud and keep away from the local data storage and maintenance expense. Numerous data integrity auditing systems have been implemented to guarantee the quality of the data stored in the cloud. An individual would like to enroll his private key to create the authenticators for understanding the auditing of data integrity in certain, but not all of the current system. The user must then have a hardware token (e.g. USB token, smart card) for storing the private key and memorizing a password to trigger the private key. Most of the new data integrity auditing system will be unable to operate if the user misplaced this hardware token or forgot this password. We are proposing a new module called data integrity auditing without private key storage to solve this issue, and developing such a scheme using block chain technology. In this project we are proposing a computerized signature along with face reorganization with block chain operation, so that there will be no unique design to obtain unauthorized and furthermore to prevent hacking operation and all the respective user data or information will be stored in cloud with maximum security. Manuscript received July 20, 2020 Prof Chethan Raj C, Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Mysuru Royal Institute of Technology, Mandya, Karnataka, India (email:email@example.com) Shivani M S, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Mysuru Royal Institute of Technology, Mandya, Karnataka, India Sowjanya D R, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Mysuru Royal Institute of Technology, Mandya, Karnataka, India Sowmya M T, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Mysuru Royal Institute of Technology, Mandya, Karnataka, India Tejaswini D R, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Mysuru Royal Institute of Technology, Mandya, Karnataka, India KEYWORDSCloud storage, Data integrity auditing and Data security Biometric data.


The invention relates to a water-cooled hub motor structure. The water-cooled hub motor structure is characterized in that the water-cooled hub motor structure comprises a stator (1), a rotor assembly, a motor shaft (2) and a cooling water sleeve (3); the cooling water sleeve (3) is installed on the motor shaft (2), the cooling water sleeve (3) is provided with double helix circulating water flow channels (4), and the stator (1) is disposed on the outer circumferential side of the cooling water sleeve (3); the rotor assembly comprises a front end cover (6), a rear end cover (7) and a rotor (8); and the front end cover (6) and the rear end cover (7) form a machine shell, the rotor (8) is fixedly disposed on the inner side of the machine shell, and the rotor (8) is disposed on the outer circumferential side of the stator (1). The hub motor heat-radiation structure adopts the double helix circulating water flow channels, and, under the same volume, the heat-radiation capability of a motor is enhanced; and the two water channels are symmetrically distributed, so pressures of the shell are also symmetrically distributed, stress deformations of the shell are reduced, the shell is further thinned, the power density is improved, and the water-cooled hub motor structure has a greater cost advantage.


In neuroscience, electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive method of measuring and monitoring the brain electrical activity by recording the potentials of electrodes placed at standard positions on the scalp. The EEG has become an essential tool for diagnosing and monitoring neurological, cognitive, emotional and even psychological disorders (epilepsy, anesthesia, …). In this paper, we will present an overview of the several methods used for the analysis of EEG signals such as spectral analysis, techniques based on the response to electrical, acoustic or mechanical stimulation, such AEP (Acoustic Evoked Potential) and ERP (Event Related Potential) without forgetting the methods of separation based on independent components analysis (ICA) to identify the different cerebral sources and eliminate the artifacts. Finally, we give an overview on machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques applied to the analysis of EEG signals and Brain computer interface (BCI). To illustrate the results of the EEG analysis, we will present an example of simulation applied to real samples.


A classical theorem of Hardy, Littlewood, and Polya on rearrangements of functions is used to prove the equivalence of a class of variational problems. As a consequence, solutions are shortest paths and can be computed numerically via quadratic programming. Applications include solar cars and reservoirs.


Multiple myeloma (MM), the second most common hematopoietic cancer, remains incurable, as patients inevitably relapse after initially responding to therapy. Dexamethasone (Dex) is a corticosteroid which has been widely used to treat MM as single drug or combination with other drugs. However, intrinsic and acquired Dex resistance is broadly associated with poor prognosis in MM. Thus, there is a continuing demanding on revealing Dex resistance mechanism and developing new drugs to overcome the resistance. One potential mechanism by which Dex resistance may be regulated is SUMOylation, a post-translational modification characterized by covalent attachment of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins to a lysine (Lys) residue on target proteins. SUMO activating enzyme E1 (UBA2/SAE2) gene expression was significantly upregulated in MM and associated with poor prognosis. Stably or transiently knockdown of SAE2 significantly reduced MM cell proliferation in MM cell lines RPMI8226 and MM1S. TAK-981, a novel, selective small molecule inhibitor of SUMO E1 enzyme, is currently in Phase 1 trials. In primary MM cells isolated from relapsing patients, TAK-981 enhanced Dex activity compared to the single agents alone. In Dex-resistant MM cell line MM1R, addition of TAK-981 to Dex treatment significantly enhanced its cytotoxicity. Anti-MM in vivo effects of SUMOylation inhibition was evaluated using a murine xenograft model by subcutaneously injecting MM1R cells into NSG mice. TAK-981 treatment greatly suppressed tumor growth and further reduced tumor burden in combination with Dex. Analysis of UBA2 mRNA level and cell viability assay with Dex treatment in primary MM samples demonstrated high SAE2 expression showed a significant correlation with decreased sensitivity to Dex. All these data indicated SUMOylation was associated with Dex resistance and SUMOylation inhibition enhanced Dex sensitivity in MM. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression has been reported as a major mechanism of Dex resistance in MM. We observed a dose-dependent GR mRNA increase upon TAK-981 treatment in primary MM samples. miR-130b, a micro RNA targeting GR 39UTR, was downregulated upon TAK-981 treatment and associated with a concomitant upregulation of GR mRNA in both primary samples and MM1S, MM1R cell lines. To identify novel miRNAs involved in Dex resistance mechanism, we conducted genome wide RNA and miRNA profiling in MM1S and MM1R cells with Dex, TAK-981 single or combination treatment. We identified miR-551b and miR-25 as novel miRs mediating Dex resistance and SUMOylation inhibition suppressed both miRs levels through regulation c-Myc protein stability. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that SUMOylation inhibition overcomes Dex resistance in MM through upregulating GR and downregulating miR-551b and miR-25. Our findings reveal SUMOylation as a novel mechanism of Dex resistance, presenting SUMO E1 inhibitor as a potent therapy in MM. Citation Format: Li Du, Wei Liu, Steven T. Rosen. SUMOylation inhibition overcomes dexamethasone resistance in multiple myeloma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1329.


Solenoid valve characteristics are the important factors influencing the system precision and control effect. Respond time is one of the most important parameter for solenoid valve. For some kinds of switching solenoid valve, the respond time is very short and hard to detect. In this paper, taking a typical hydraulic disc valve as an example it analyzes switching characteristic basing on the opening and closing oil pressure curve of the solenoid valve and gives the opening and closing time calculation method basing on the engineering experience. According to these analyses, a useful time respond characteristic test system is introduced. The whole system design is simple, useful and effective. From the experiment result it can be seen that using the system the oil pressure curve and respond time can be given accurately.


The utility model discloses an acoustic characteristic detecting device of a shaped material under a temperature-pressure controllable change state. A test cabin, a guide rail and a hydraulic cylinder are arranged on a machine base, wherein the hydraulic cylinder is connected with one end of a slide table; the other end of the slide table is connected with a slide table sleeve; a shaped material sample is horizontally placed in the test cabin; a test cabin end cover is arranged at one end of the test cabin; the test cabin end cover is connected with a first transducer; the slide table sleeve is arranged at the other end of the test cabin; a second transducer is connected in the slide table sleeve; the two ends of the sample are respectively adhered to the end surface of the slide table sleeve and the end surface of the test cabin end cover, so that through ultrasonic waveform is generated; pressurizing is carried out on the water in the test cabin to carry out the pressure adjustment, wherein the pressure of 100 MPa is equal to the water depth of 10000 meters; an ultrasonic measurer is started to measure audiograms under different underwater environments, and the audiograms are analyzed to obtain sound velocity and sound attenuation coefficient of transverse waves and longitudinal waves; and the sound velocity and sound attenuation coefficient are matched into physical and mechanical performance parameters of the shaped materials.


The objective of this paper is to demonstrate – albeit in a modest way – the conditions that have hampered the development of surveillance studies in Latin America. To do this, first of all, the paper reflects from a theoretical perspective on the processes through which the traditions of social science research are produced, with the aim of understanding, secondly, how studies of public security in Latin America are produced. In the third part, the paper shows how these studies establish a logic of research that sidetracks the importance of surveillance as a specific field of research.  Finally, the paper suggests a need to develop surveillance studies in the Latin American region, with the goal not only of helping to build a particular field of research, but also to initiate a strong critique of the contemporary problems and limits faced by the tradition of studies on public security.


In this paper we consider the stability of motion of an unbalanced gyroscope with a flexible shaft in gimbal suspension.Gyroscopes are used to control the stability of boom tower cranes. First, we consider the linear Hamiltonian systems of differential equations. The Hamiltonian systems arise in transportation problems. We prove several properties of the Hamiltonian matrix. Next, we consider the normalization of Hamiltonian matrix. We solve the system of matrix equations to find the generating function of the canonical transformation. Further, we find the symmetric solution of nonlinear algebraic matrix Riccati equation in one case. We propose the analytical method for solving this equation. Further, we investigate the motion of gyroscope. We consider the system of equations of motion of the gyroscope rotor and frames in the first approximation. We consider eigenvalues of characteristic equation corresponding to the motion equations. We obtain stability criterion in several cases.


O'NELL, C. W. 1975. An investigation of reported "fright" as a faactor in the etiology of susto, "magical fright." Ethos 3:41. RUBEL, A. J. 1964. The Epidemiology of a folk illness: Susto in Hispanic America. Ethnology 3:268. SAL Y ROSAS, F. 1958. El mito del jani o susto, come ejemplo. Boletin de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamerica 87:103. STEVENSON, N. 1977. Colerina: Reactions to emotional stress in the Peruvian Andes. Social Science and Medicine 11:303. TOUSIGXAXT, M. 1979. Espanto: A dialogue with the gods. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 3:347.


This paper describes the participation of our Research Group in the shared task of MexA3T 2019. We evaluated the impact of using as principal features, the set of terms identified as discriminant by distinct feature selection strategies. Our main goal was to test if a condensed set of words can be indicative of the aggressiveness of a short text written in a very informal setting (i.e., tweets). Our experiments indicate that different feature selection techniques favor different aspects of the aggressiveness in a short text.


In order to investigate the current collapse of AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) due to trapping effects, the two-dimensional (2-D) transient simulations were carried out and analyzed in this paper, taking into account the coupling effect of traps and thermal effect. Both the gate-lag transient current and pulsed I-V curves were reproduced by the simulation. In addition, the results show that bulk acceptor traps can influence the gate-lag transient characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs besides surface traps. Furthermore, thermal effect can accelerate the emission of captured electrons for traps. Pulse transient simulation is helpful in analyzing the mechanism of dynamic current collapse, and the work in this paper will benefit the model development and reliability study of GaN-based devices.


This paper reports on the development of novel Ti-doped 3D carbon fibre composites (CFCs) and their performance when exposed to transient thermal loads (disruptions) in the electron beam facility JUDITH at different conditions. Depending on the applied load, the CFCs showed three steps of erosion: 1) breaking of PAN fibres with pull out from the surface; 2) cracking and ablation of pitch fibres close to the interface of PAN/pitch fibre-bundles; 3) finally, erosion of pitch fibres in the centre of the bundle. The addition of titanium carbide resulted in a significant improvement in thermal shock behaviour of these materials compared to their undoped counterparts. ∗ C. Blanco: corresponding author; firstname.lastname@example.com; Tel.: +34 985 11 89 94 Fax.: +34 985 29 76 62


It is necessary to build the system of sustainable development laws under"scientific idea about development," since our country faces the serious problems such as resource shortage,environment worsening and ecological system to be dam-aged.About that,the discussions of this paper are following: legal ecological principle,the new goal and duty of gov-ernment for sustainable development,the new system of about natural resource and ecological environment,behavior normalized of enterprises and customers according to sustainable development,the legal position of NGOs of environ-mental protection,and so on.


Organic and chemical fertilizer amendments are an important agricultural practice for increasing crop yields. In order to maintain the soil sustainability, it is important to monitor the effects of fertilizer applications on the shift of soil microorganism, which control the cycling of many nutrients in the soils. Here, culture-dependent and cultureindependent approaches were used to analyze the soil microorganism and community structure under six fertilization treatments, including green manure, rice straw compost, rapeseed cake, pig mature compost, NPK +pig mature compost, NPK and control. Both organic and chemical fertilizers caused a shift of the cultural microorganism CFUs after treatments. Bacterial CFUs of the organic fertilization treatments were significantly higher than that of chemical fertilization treatments. The DGGE profiles of the bacterial communities of the samples showed that the green manure treatment was a distinct difference in bacterial community, with a greater complexity of the band pattern than other treatments. Cluster analyses based on the DGGE profile showed that rice straw compost and pig mature compost had a similar banding pattern and clustered together firstly. Rapeseed cake, NPK, NPK + pig manure compost and control clustered together in other sub-cluster and clearly distinguished from green manure.


Overall, the medical devices used in the treatment of wounds could be divided into traditional dressings, modern dressings (with advanced features), skin replacement products and wound healing devices. This paper provides an overview of traditional dressings, their most important characteristics and their common usage. Traditional dressings include cotton wool, gauzes, bandages and wound dressing pads. According to the Regulation on the classification of general medical devices, given traditional dressings are classified into Class I, if used as a mechanical barrier, for compression or for absorption of the fluid from the wound (e.g. cotton wool, gauzes, compresses, bandages and the like), or into Class IIa, if they possess specific characteristics to support the wound healing and have properties that regulate humidity, temperature, levels of oxygen and other gases, pH value, and the wound microenvironment (e.g. paraffin impregnated gauze). The advantages of the traditional dressings reflect in their ability to stop the bleeding, to stabilize the wound and in their low price. The disadvantages are that they usually adhere to the wound, do not maintain the moisture and need an often change.


Along with the broadband internet technology popularization,using the broadband net infrastructure,by the home using television as the main terminal electric appliance,provide including the television program through the internet agreement the many kinds of digital media service emerging service.Then detailedly explain the communication protocols based on IPv6,and specifies the key technologies involved in.


In this paper, we investigate theoretically the excitation of modes by a line source, as well as their modal structure and dispersion, in a parallel-plate waveguide that is filled with a pair of parallel slabs; one being a lossless "double-negative (DNG)" material and the other being a lossless conventional "double-positive (DPS)" medium. Previously, we have shown that such "conjugate" pairing of DNG and DPS materials may lead to reduction of size in one-dimensional cavity resonators and waveguides. The analysis presented here describes the proper modes in such a 1-D parallel plate waveguide, and reveals the possibility of no cut-off thickness for this class of parallel-plate waveguides, which implies that a proper TE or TM mode may always be excited in such a waveguide independent of the overall thickness of the waveguide. The excitation of guided modes by a line source and their power-flow peculiarities are discussed, and the analogy to the concept of "open 1-D cavity" in such a waveguide is mentioned. Some of the interesting features and physical insights regarding the power flow in these guided modes will be presented.


A prospective cineradiographic and manometric study of pharyngeal and esophageal dysfunction was performed in 54 patients with rigidly defined scleroderma, polymyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis. Cineradiography was inaccurate in pharyngeal dysfunctions specific for polymyositis. Manometry was an accurate but insensitive test. Manometry was also significantly more accurate than cineradiography in identifying patients with smooth muscle dysfunction (scleroderma). Cineradiographic finding of absent esophageal peristalsis accurately identified patients with scleroderma but it identified only a small percentage (33 percent). Cineradiography finding of diminished esophageal peristalsis was found in scleroderma (23 percent), polymyositis, (30 percent), and SLE (11 percent) and has been reported in rheumatoid arthritis. This finding is a non specific finding suggestive of collagen vascular disease rather than specific for scleroderms.


ABSTRACT – To clarify the central nervous and the cardiovascular mechanisms mediating the Cushing response (CR) during intracranial hypertension, the effects of continuous and prolonged expansion of an epidural supratentorial balloon was studied in six dogs. Regional cerebral blood flow, cardiac output, extracerebral tissue blood flow and regional vascular resistance were measured with radioactive microspheres before and during the CR while heart rate, arterial blood pressure and ECG were continuously recorded.


Using game theory, we provide mathematical proof that if a species of asexually reproducing microbes is not characterized by maximum variability in competitive abilities among its individual organisms, then that species is vulnerable to replacement by competitors. Furthermore, we prove that such maximally variable species are neutral towards each other in competition for limited resources; they coexist. Our proof is constructive: given one species which does not possess maximum variability, we construct a second species with the same (or lower) mean competitive ability which can outcompete the first, in the sense that its expected value in competition is positive, whereas the expected value of the non-maximally variable species is negative. Our results point towards the mechanistic underpinnings for the frequent observations that (1) microbes are characterized by large intra-specific variability and that (2) the number of extant microbe species is very large.


U.S. DEPARTMENT CIF HEALY% EDUCATION a WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED F ROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT POINS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFF ICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY Role taking behaviour was studied in sixand eight-year-old while Anglo-American children. Developmental factors were manipulated by choosing two groups of children around the decentration stage of cognitive development; a social factor was introduced by having them take the role of persons who varied along three social dimensions: age, language, and ethnicity. Three ethnic roles were chosen on the basis of the child's own attitudes: the child's own, his most liked ethnic group, and his most disliked ethnic group. The role taking task involved rating various ethnic persons in teTUG of their desirability as an uncle or nephew for the role person. Accurate role taking was aperationalized in terus of showing a preference for kin from the same ethnic group as the role person. Results indicated that both sixand eight-year-olds were accurate in taking the role of their own and a liked ethnic group, but inaccurate when taking the role of a disliked group. Age differences in various roles taken did not disrupt this accuracy, but language differences did, especially when the white role person spoke a nonEnglish language. Difficulties in role taking were discussed in terms of two disruptive processes: egocentric tendencies and lack of perceptual differentiation.


In 1992, Congress passed the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act (PASPA), a statute designed to prevent the further spread of state-sponsored sports-wagering. The statute's language has the effect of granting a property right to sports leagues, implicating the Constitution's Intellectual Property Clause. The Intellectual Property Clause grants Congress the authority: "To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries."In 2012, Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Football League (NFL), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Hockey League (NHL), and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) (collectively "Sports Leagues") brought suit against New Jersey Governor Chris Christie seeking an injunction under PASPA to prevent the state from offering regulated sports-wagering. The Department of Justice (DOJ) eventually joined the Sports Leagues as an intervenor. The matter was eventually appealed to the Third Circuit where a divided court ruled 2-1 in favor of the Sports Leagues.PASPA's section 3703 — labeled "Injunctions" — includes the word "whose," which confers the ownership rights of "competitive game[s]" to the Sports Leagues for enforcement purposes under the statute. This semantic choice, with the determinant word "whose," confers ownership rights of "competitive game[s]" to the Sports Leagues, as well as other professional or amateur sports organizations, deputizing them to enforce the law in the same manner as the DOJ. PASPA violates the Intellectual Property Clause for two distinct reasons. First, the express grant of perpetual ownership rights with characteristics mimicking both patents and copyrights runs counter to various prongs of the Intellectual Property Clause, including the "limited Times," "Authors and Inventors," and "Writings and Discoveries" requirements. Second, conferring perpetual property rights to states exempted under PASPA's grandfathering provision violates the Intellectual Property Clause's "limited Times" requirement. The focus of this paper is on the former.


The proton resonance spectra of a number of Lewis acid – N,N-dimethylformamide adducts in 2-nitropropane and methylene chloride solutions have been investigated and an attempt has been made to correlate the relative strength of Lewis acids with the chemical shift of the methyl protons. The order obtained for the relative strength of Lewis acids shows good agreement with the results obtained by other methods. The complex formation has taken place on the carbonyl oxygen of the N,N-dimethylformamide in all cases. The DMF – Lewis acid mole ratios were 1:1 in ZnCl2, AlCl3, PF5, BiCl3, InCl3, AsF5, SbCl5, SbF5, BF3, BCl3, BBr3. The 2:1 DMF – Lewis acid complexes of ZnCl2, SnCl4, SnBr4, Snl4, TiCl4, ZrBr4 have also been investigated.


The capacity of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives to trap peroxyl radicals was evaluated by competitive kinetics and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) indexes, using c-phycocyanin and pyranine as target molecules. The pattern of results is similar in all the systems, with the reactivity of the compound determined by the bond dissociation energy (BDE) of the hydrogen atom of the phenolic moiety. However, differences in the relative reactivity are observed depending upon the employed methodology (initial rate of consumption or ORAC-type methodology) and target molecule employed. These differences are explained in terms of the role played by secondary reactions of the initially formed phenoxyl radicals. This emphasizes the need for performing a complete kinetic analysis of the results in order to obtain meaningful evaluations of the relative reactivity of the tested compounds. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The Association of American Railroads has been recommending since 1933 cross-counterbalancing of revolving weights for main wheels of steam locomotives. For coupled wheels the old method of static balancing is still being considered as sufficiently accurate. For reciprocating weights the static method is also retained by the new Manual of the A.A.R. The author takes exception to this scheme. He is of the opinion that for high-speed locomotives, and for these locomotives especially, greater clearness should be introduced in this subject. The dynamic augment, which plays such an important part in all high-speed calculations, should not exceed the limit allowed for the strength of the rails and the stiffness of the roadbed. An accurate evaluation of the dynamic augment for each wheel is possible only when the revolving weights are correctly balanced for each wheel, coupled as well as main. If this is not done, some of the wheels are dynamically deficient and a uniform distribution of dynamic augments is impossible. This destroys the effectiveness of proper balancing of reciprocating weights.
 The author discusses the percentage of balancing the reciprocating weights in steam locomotives and how this depends on the method of calculating counterbalancing, whether static or dynamic. He shows, on the basis of existing locomotives, that a smaller total percentage of counterbalancing reciprocating weights of a locomotive is quite adequate for modern locomotives.
 The author further calls attention to the existence of the steam component on the main axle and suggests that no reciprocating balance should be placed on main wheels, even if this should somewhat reduce the total percentage of balancing. He would rather increase the dynamic augment on coupled wheels in order to spare the main wheels from excessive blows. In his opinion the disregarding of the action of the steam component is responsible for the objection of some railroads to cross-counterbalancing of locomotives. This attitude should disappear when the problem is clarified.
 In conclusion the author gives an example of a correct calculation of cross-counterbalancing of all weights, revolving and reciprocating, and for all axles, main and coupled, and proves that this method involves no more work, even less, than the static method, when angling of counterbalances on wheels is attempted.


Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) through 2e- pathway offers a feasible solution for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and on-site application. However, most present catalysts are powders and display low activity and...


The return voyage from the Island of Trindade (Besnard, W., 1951, p. 37-48) to Rio de Janeiro was made on board of a trawling boat, "Vega", and the established route was through the series of banks that occur between the continent and the group of islands Trindade and Martim Vaz. The banks are accurately placed on the map and the deepness of the ocean above them, correctly stated. Dredgings, due to lack of time and inappropriate gear available on board, brought back only samples comparable to those of the insular platform of the island of Trindade, more similar to the collections made nearer the island, and gradually differing from them on the banks located closer to the continent. As is shown in the accompanying schematieal section, the submarine profile is extremely irregular, there being instances of falls of over 2.000 meters in the distance of a few meters. It seems, therefore, reasonable to imagine that there is, between the continent and the island a series of mountains and ridges possibly of eruptive nature. However, the schema is necessarily very incomplete due to the scarcity of the soundings. The voyage was altogether much too short for more than a quick glance, that produced enough material to show that it is an interesting region from several points of view and worth of a more detailed study.


Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the reliability of whole-body MRI(WBMRI)in detecting osseous metastases.Methods Thirty patients verified with malignant tumor by histology were enrolled.All the patients underwent WB-MRI and bone scintigraphy(BS)with a two week interval.Clinical information,conventional MRI and CT images,and follow-up data were collected as gold standard for the diagnosis of bone metastases.The data of 30 patients and 270 segments as study unit respectively were analyzed.The sensitivity and specificity between WB-MRI and BS were compared with McNemar test.Resuits Bone metastases were confirmed in 27 of 30 patients by gold standard.Twenty-five patients with bone metastases were detected by WB-MRI and no false-positive cases.Twenty-seven patients with bone metastases were Nund by BS but having two false-positive oases.With patients as study unit,the diagnostic sensitivity of WB-MRI and BS were both 92.6%(25/27)and the specificity were 100%(3/3)and 33.3%(1/3),respectively.The area under ROC curve of WB-MRI and BS were 0.9630 and 0.6296,respectively(P>0.05).With segments as study unit,119 bone metastases segments were confirmed.The diagnostic sensitivity of WB-MRI and BS were 90.8%(108/119)and 70.6%(84/119)(P<0.01),while the specificity were 98.0%(148/151)and 90.7%(137/151),respectively(P<0.01).The area under ROC curve of WB-MRI and BS were 0.9438 and 0.8066.The former was obviously higher than the latter(P<0.01).Meauwhile.by WB-MRI,3 cases coexisting with brain metastases,4 cases with lung metastases,and 4 cases with hepatic metastases were found.Conclusion WB-MRI was a good tool for screening osseous metastases.

Key words:
Magnetic resonance imaging; Radionuelide imaging; Neoplasm metastases; Bone neoplasms