Abstract Total sleep deprivation (TSD) has a major impact on sustained attention as reported by previous studies that have investigated effects of TSD, however by using classical neuropsychological tests that lack ecological validity. To study the effects of TSD on daily-life activities, we carried out an ecological evaluation of sustained attention using a virtual reality task requiring driving along an unpredictable path. We enrolled 30 volunteers who underwent two experimental sessions: baseline (after normal sleep night) and after 36 h of total TSD. We assessed changes in sustained attentional performance by analysing the series of visuomotor adjustments while driving. After TSD, we found greater inaccuracy and longer attentional lapses. Furthermore, the visuomotor adjustments series exhibited higher long-range correlations (self-similarity) which has been associated with greater cognitive efforts. Sustained attention assessed by the ecological task requiring visuomotor coordination gets worse after 36 h of total TSD together with greater cognitive effort.


The Lower Mississippi River Basin (LMRB) is an internationally-important region of intensive agricultural crop production that relies heavily on the underlying Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer (MRVAA) for irrigation. Extensive irrigation coupled with the region's geology have led to significant aquifer decline. The response to the decline has been multi-faceted. Research related to three responses are highlighted: innovation in rice irrigation, on-farm reservoirs, and managed aquifer recharge. Irrigated rice grown in Arkansas, which is nearly 50% of annual U.S. rice production, accounts for a significant portion of aquifer withdrawal. As a result, strategies for using less water while maintaining rice yields are being developed. The Rice Stewardship Partnership (RSP) began in 2015 and aims to improve irrigation management in rice lands of the LMRB. Early results from the RSP are presented. Secondly, on-farm reservoir-tailwater recovery systems (R-TWRS) are increasingly used to store abundant surface water in the LMRB. Over 700 R-TWRS are currently used in rice producing areas of Arkansas. The confining clay layer that overlies the MRVAA in many locations limits rates of aquifer recharge. Locations where the confining layer is thin or non-existent may provide opportunities for artificial (i.e., managed) recharge. A 10-m deep excavation pit from a highway project provided an opportunity to measure infiltration rates of the uppermost section of the alluvial aquifer. Findings from this and other studies are used to demonstrate how conservation, off-season rainfall capture and storage, and managed recharge are being investigated as means to reduce the on-going decline of the alluvial aquifer that is both economically and ecologically important to the LMRB.


Indium substituted nano nickel zinc ferrites Ni0.5Zn0.5InxFe2-xO4 with x=0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 are synthesized by a coprecipitation method. Magnetic and dielectric properties are studied over a frequency range 1-30 MHz. Initial permeability is found to be in the range of 9-19 with a magnetic loss tangent of 10-1-10-2 . The dielectric constant is noticed in the range of 11-17 along with low dielectric loss tangent (10-1-10-3). The composition with x=0.2 is found to have the highest specific saturation magnetization of 78.8 emu/g. Appreciable dielectric and magnetic values along with low losses can be correlated to small grain size and better compositional stoichiometry obtained as a result of processing by coprecipitation method. These fascinating dielectric and magnetic properties of these materials reveal a direction for high-frequency applications.


Lack of IFN-β and MHC class I expression in measles virus (MV) infected neurons could impair the host antiviral defense mechanism and result in virus escape from recognition by cytotoxic T-cells. Induction of IFN-β and MHC class I gene expression requires NF-κB activation which depends on degradation of IκBα, an inhibitory protein of NF-κB. In earlier studies we demonstrated that in contrast to glial cells, MV was unable to induce IκBα degradation in neuronal cells. It is unclear whether this failure is due to the presence of a neuron-specific IκBα isoform or a defect in the MV signaling cascade that leads to IκBα phosphorylation and degradation. In this study, an IκBα-wild type (WT) expression vector was transfected into neuronal and glial cells and subsequently exposed to MV. In contrast to glial cells, IκBα-WT was degraded in neuronal cells in response to TNFα but not MV. The findings eliminate the existence of an IκBα isoform in neuronal cells that is resistant to phosphorylation by MV. Blocking de novo protein synthesis with cyclohexamide had no effect on neuronal IκBα, indicating that lack of degradation rather than increased synthesis is responsible for IκBα accumulation in MV-stimulated neuronal cells. To determine if malfunction in the MV receptor CD46 is responsible for failure of IκBα phosphorylation and degradation, neuronal cells were transfected with a wild type CD46 (CD46-WT) expression vector. MV stimulation of CD46-WT transfected cells failed to induce IκBα degradation. Collectively these findings indicate that failure of MV to phosphorylate neuronal IκBα is not due to a presence of an IκBα isoform or malfunction of the MV receptor, and is more likely to be due to a defect in the signaling pathway that normally leads to IκBα phosphorylation and degradation.


With the harmonisation of Romanian national standards with the European norms, the normalised cement products number along with traditional cement products low early strength cement sorts. Blast furnace cement has low exothermicity, good freeze-thaw resistance and corrosion resistance, and its behaviour at high temperatures is good. Since the main components in blast furnace cement (clinker and ground granulated blast furnace slag) have different grindability values, the work to obtain the new cement type, low early strength blast furnace cement, involved two parallel processing techniques: intergrinding of components and separate grinding of components followed by blending. The blast furnace cement was obtained and characterised as per SR EN 197-4:2004.


Aim: Oral health‑related knowledge, attitude, and practices shown by preschool children determine their oral health status in the future. This in turn depends on the knowledge, attitude, and practices inculcated into them by their parents. Objective: The objective was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of mothers toward their children's oral health. Materials and Methods: A cross‑sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among 422 mothers of preschool children who visited dental colleges in Mumbai, India. Data were collected through an interview, using a structured proforma. Results: Majority (60.4%) had poor knowledge, 53.8% exhibited poor attitude and 58.8% were following fair practices towards a children's oral health. Knowledge regarding the role of fluorides, causes and prevention of dental caries, gum disease, malocclusion were found to be inadequate. Conclusion: This study showed that mothers had poor knowledge and attitude towards a children's oral heath due to which majority were following poor oral health practices.


Understanding vehicle occupant responses during real-world rear collision accidents is very important in the development of appropriate safety technologies for neck injury lessening. In this study, numerical analysis of vehicle occupant responses during rear impact were conducted by using a human multi-body model, a seat finite element model and crash accelerations obtained from real-world accidents. The human multi-body model was developed based on the body characteristics of a typical Japanese male, including the outer body geometry, inertial properties of body segments and passive joint characteristics. The seat finite element model was extracted from a detailed car finite element model. A small modification was done to the seat model to deal with the rear impact simulations. The crash accelerations were obtained from the drive recorder database of rear collision accidents occurred in Japan. Several crash accelerations were selected and used as input conditions during the rear impact simulations. Kinematic responses of the occupants during the accidents can be reasonably predicted by the simulations. Furthermore, different level of accelerations leads to different kinematics responses that may cause variation in injury occurrence and injury severity.


Scale formation particularly around the walls of precipitators is an issue which has not only resulted in significant financial and environmental cost for many alumina refineries, but exposure to personal safety risk as well. Research in the field, however, has been very limited particularly regarding to scaling kinetics in precipitation tank; this is due to the difficulty of obtaining industrial materials and plant data for testing purposes. The goal of this study is to formulate a mass balance model to predict the effect of scaling on the yield of alumina specifically on the white side of alumina production process. It is also used to study the benefit of the IPI technology based on electrochemical technique, which prevents scale formation. King's form of rate equation was used as the growth equation in the mass balance model based on validation against typical industrial yield. The alumina yield is observed to reduce significantly once the scale volume exceeds 10% of the tank volume.


The systematic solvent method and the Lg(34) design were adopted to study the conditions of extracting flavonoids from the dried flowers and leaves of Lonicera japonica Thunb. The results showed that the highest extraction rate was achieved when 90% ethanol was used to soak the dried flowers and leaves of L. japonica at 70'C for 3 hours.


The results of eight years of radiometric measurements of the zenith opacity at 210 GHz (1.4mm) over San Pedro Mártir Sierra, Mexico, are presented. The measurements cover the period from 1995 to 2002. Observations were carried out during 1570 days. The total median sky opacity at this frequency was 0.23 nepers. The median values of day–time and night–time zenith opacity of 0.25 and 0.20 nepers respectively were found. During the Summer, the opacity rises to a maximum in August due to the water vapor carried by the American Monsoon. Results for 1998 reflect the presence of El Niño activity during that year.


Energy sources see their performances heavily impacted by operating conditions and aging, which makes their management more delicate. In this paper, an accurate Energy Management Strategy (EMS) for a Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle (FC-HEV) is presented. The reliability of this energy management strategy is maintained using online parameter identification for battery and fuel cell models. The performances of the FC-HEV are estimated in real time using Recursive Least Square based filtering. These performances are then implemented in a real time energy management strategy to improve the vehicle consumption and lifetime.


Metal spinning process is widely used because of its low power requirement to producing complex symmetry components. In this paper, a modified 3D finite element(3D-FE) model is developed under the FE software environment based on characteristics of stagger spinning process. Analysis of the multi-pass spinning deformation mechanism and the effects of spinning parameters on spinning deformation is carried out. The results show that, large internal diameter of tube blank and low dimensional accuracy are caused by too little feed rate of spinning roller, especially for thin-walled tube. But if the feed rate is larger than 60mm/min, large spinning forces and instability appear. Strain rate and forming instability increase with the increase of rotational speed of mandrels, on the other hand, more obvious friction leads to bigger strain of surface of tube blank. With the radius of corner of spinning roller getting 13mm, the extensive overlaps lead to the improvement of spinning efficiency, while low forming quality accompanied by the large spinning forces occurs. Cutting phenomena leads to worse surface quality even tends to crack with the radius of corner of spinning roller being smaller than 8mm. An ideal combination of process parameters is obtained: the roller feed rate is 50mm/min, the rotational speed of mandrel is 40rad/min, the radius of corner of spinning roller is 10mm.


This paper reported the history of avian flu outbreaks in China from 1996 to 2006,directed the characteristics of avian influenza outbreaks in recent years.China is one of the biggest poultry producers in the world and many migratory birds go through China,China faces high risk of pandemic bird flu.The continuing occurrence of sporadic human cases indicates that the virus is continuing to circulate in birds in some parts of the country.In the fighting again avian flu virus,China has developed some possible practice on precautionary and control measure.China enhances international cooperation and scientific involvement in the prevention and control of the avian flu.The State Council and Ministry of Agriculture issued the laws and regulations on avian flu.Wild birds may have played a role in getting domestic fowl and human beings infected with bird flu.Poultry manure is considered to be another key source of the spread routes of H5N1 virus,but the bio-security processing in free range poultry farming and waste products is very poor disposition in China.Epidemic control at grassroots level still needs to be strengthened.


The hypothesis that exposure to prolonged free fall is a form of sensorymotor rearrangement rather than a direct change in otolith sensitivity or sensory compensation for a reduced otolith input is discussed. Data from Spacelab-1 experiment 1NS-104 are presented to support an otolith reinterpretation hypothesis. This experiment measured vestibulo-spinal reflex changes as a function of sustained free fall. Findings indicate that when a monosynaptic reflex (H-reflex), measured from the major postural muscles (soleus) is used, adaptation to space flight includes a change in how the central nervous system interprets a fall. In a normal gravity environment a sudden unexpected fall produces a potentiated H-reflex. After 7 days inflight, an equivalent fall does not potentiate the reflex. Postflight a greatly increased reflex is observed in those crewmen most susceptible to space motion sickness.


The shape of a collision-broadened spectral line depends on the assumptions made about the collision processes involved. If the collision cross section varies inversely as the relative speed of the colliding molecules, the half-width to the half-power points and to the points of steepest slope should be 1/27T1' and 1/(2";3)7T1' respectively, where l' is the mean interval between line-broadening collisions. It is shown that, in a gas of "hard-sphere" molecules, the shape of the line is modified and the above half-widths are reduced by' 6·4 and 9·7% respectively. While it is not suggested that gas molecules behave entirely as hard spheres, it is suggested that some deviations from the Van Vleck-Weisskopf-Lorentz shape may occur, and that it may be possible to detect these deviations experimentally


Sexual dysfunction in the affected families would be higher. Islamic jurisprudence and law in this country and to develop regulations and other legal systems of its problems. In fact, some sexual problems to the right. Because of those defects and problems may denounce sex marriage. And others to create the right to divorce. Legal termination of marriage and divorce and how to use this right in our legal system is different. Legal basis for rules relating to sexual problems in Iran's rights jurisprudence of the votes and comments, although the Christian faith as divorce is prohibited. But lawmakers to dissolve the marriage if there are Christian countries, with acute problems have sexual satisfaction. One of the important topics related to Iran's civil rights in the family. The status of the family as a social institution with the identity of the long position, especially in recent centuries and a top official with the great achievements of human knowledge as an important part of family law at different times during the period and timeless in the context of human history The flow and polished. Comfort is a safe environment for families and couples relax. And safe environment and comfort in this next generation is formed. And be trained. Each of these functions satisfy the emotional needs of the couple and the birth and nurturing of human generations depends on the marital relationship is positive. Undoubtedly will affect the marriage of sexual failure and reduces its strength. The legislator and the subject of divine religions have passed. But the effect of regulation problems and disorders, and family life couples have sexual relationships, sexual problems and the importance of the work to the extent that legislators and religious and legal systems are different in these cases to the collapse of family life satisfaction. In so doing, the laws of our Constitution, the fundamental role of the family have said: "The family is the fundamental unit of society, all laws, regulations and planning should facilitate the formation of the family to safeguard its sanctity and stability of family relations is based on Islamic law and ethics." Important role in maintaining healthy and strong family and community and economic development and cultural study of history shows that governments have been the pillars of the family, the community is stronger and more stable. There is sex couples the rights of married life. According to Islamic law, women must do to comply with a couple of specific types utilize it. If unwilling, the right to alimony is denied. Also the man cannot make soldiers out of this relationship. The role and importance of family status on the legislature had enacted laws to protect the strength of our country, including in this country. The families also support the provisions of paragraph 3 of Article 16 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in this regard says: "Pillar of the family and society and is entitled to protection by society and government will benefit." Sexual problems can be divided into two categories: the first non-performance-related problems or weaknesses in the system, such as impotence and sexual organs or other STDs, sexually transmitted diseases, contagious and difficult in refractory affect sexual relations. Sexual problems associated with the organism's body but not the latter due to psychological causes in men and women in sexual relations that ultimately affect men and women. In this paper, the first of those problems and sexual dysfunction, which may cause the cancellation of the divorce cases are then referred to and finally implement the provisions of various laws and religions of other countries will was. Impotence: Noon to conquer first the debility and impotence is due to release of the penis and erectile dysfunction (erection) does not find. The judiciary is weak emission in the penis is unable to close out the man who is having this problem or disease him to say this. The condition can be caused by natural or psychological actions which may be the charm.


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This paper mainly discusses the following questions from different aspects: the current situation of education on mental health of college students of our times,the necessity and urgency of carrying out.and how colleges and universities can play a more important role in it.


The functions of Toll-like receptors (TLR) in the skin and their contribution to stimulation of congenital immunity in some chronic dermatoses caused by or complicated by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections are reviewed.


Dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRG‐S) is used as a treatment for chronic low‐back pain (CLBP), although its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. CLBP patients have been found to have reduced mechanoreceptive perception, reduced endogenous analgesia, as well as deep‐tissue hyperalgesia when compared with healthy controls. Using quantitative sensory testing (QST), we studied if DRG‐S in CLBP patients results in changes in pain processing.


I N a previous publication by Crean et al. (1966) it was demonstrated that when patients with intestinal diseases were treated with ACTR and synthetic corticosteroids the output of human pituitary gonadotrophins (RPG) in urine generally rose to a considerable extent in the presence ofa good response to therapy and failed to alter when no response occurred. Many of the subjects showing raised HPG levels during treatment also gained considerable amounts of weight, and it was not possible to determine whether the effect on RPG excretion resulted from improved nutritional status or from hormonal therapy. The aim of the present communication is to describe the effect of ACTR on the output of RPG and of other hormones in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. In this disease nutritional factors are usually less important than in the intestinal conditions studied by Crean et al. (1966) and the improvement in the patient's symptoms as a result of treatment frequently occurs in the absence of marked changes in body weight.


ObjectiveTo build the early warning system of Guangdong province based on influenza surveillance data.MethodsAccording to the weekly influenza-like illness consultation rate(ILI%) of fourteen sentinel hospitals in Guangdong province from 2004 to 2006,the surveillance data of 2007 were fitted into models for early warning of inflecenza with three methods including control chart method,historical limit method and exponentially weighted moving average(EWMA) method.ResultsThe control chart method showed that the influenza activity began to increase at week 14 in 2007 and lasted twenty weeks.The result of historical limit method showed that the influenza activity had no significant increase in 2007 compared with the data of similar periods in recent years.The EWMA method showed that significant increase of influenza incidence occurred at week 24 compared with forecast values based on the recent trend.ConclusionThe simulative early warning signal in 2007 is approximately consistent with the actual influenza incidence,which means that the method is scientific and reliable.


English and Chinese have some dlifferences and identifications in colour ,thanks to the different cultural background and historical cause in the two countries. In this article,how to use the words of colour in Enghish were analysed


On the basis of the equations of the planar enveloping conjugate surface using the theory of dimensional differential geometry, a 3D model of planar enveloping hourglass worm pairs is established. A numerical control manufacturing method is presented based on discrete points of the conjugate surface. This model and numerical control method are applied to a practical case, which provides a theory basis to realize the process of numerical control.


Metabolic syndrome is a combination of factors that increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Objective: to describe its prevalence in patients seen at the Internal Medicine outpatient clinic at Hospital de San Jose, Bogota, considering the ATP 111, IDF 2005 and IDF-AHA/ NHLBI 2009 criteria. Methods: a descriptive cross sectional study including patients between 30 and 70 years of age, excluding pregnant women was conducted between September 2009 and March 2010. Results: 315 patients were selected, 30.5% males, mean age 52.4 (SD 9.6) years. The most frequent risk factors were central obesity (81.2%) and sedentary lifestyle (68.2%). 48.6% had arterial hypertension, 45.1% reduced HDL cholesterol, 44.4% hypertriglyceridemia, 13.2% smoked and 13% had diabetes mellitus. The prevalence between men and women was greater using the IDF-AHA/NHLBI 2009 diagnostic criteria: 56.2% (IC 95 % :46.1-66.3) and 57.5% (IC 95% 51-64.1); and lower using the ATP III criteria: 41.7% (IC 95% 31.6-51.7) and 45.6% (IC 95%: 39- 52.3). Diagnosis of MS was more frequent in those older than 50. Conc/usions: the modification of MS definitions increases the prevalence thus facilitating the early detection of risk factors. Prevalence rate is greater than that reported, for this population attends follow-up visits at a third level hospital.


Objective To study the change law of head-face morphological characters with the increasing age.Method Thirty-eight physical indices of head and face of 311 Gejia adults(159 males,152 females) were investigated in Huangping county of Guizhou province.Twelve physical indices of head and face were calculated.Preliminary analysis was carried out on the age change of head-face morphological characteristics.Results With increasing age,the Mongoloid fold rate decreased,eye color became shallow,the height of the narrow part of the upper lip raised,and lip thickness decreased.Correlation analysis showed that morphological facial height,upper lip height,physiognomic ear length,and physiognomic ear breadth were positively correlated with age.In contrast,head breadth,external biocular breadth,lip height,and thickness of the lips were negatively correlated.The minimum frontal breadth,bigonial diameter,interocular breadth,mouth breadth,nasal depth showed no correlation with age variation.With increasing age,physiognomic facial height,morphological facial height,transverse cephalo-facial index,and vertical cephalo-facial index were ascending.Moreover,cephalic index,length-height index of head and lip index were declining.Conclusion With the growth,the head and face measurements,index of craniofacial characteristic and the proportion of observed indices change with regularity.


CKD/IKD is a new technology management method which should be used instead of commerce mode of CBU.In the international trade,as to the products with fast update,complex structure,mass variety,complicated sales states and multi- mode configuration,when they are exported to enterprises without independent technology of products design from the OEM suppli- ers in the form of CKD/IKD.The all-around intellectualized management of CKD/IKD customization,purchase and supply will be realized by transforming automatically between CKD/IKD orders and parts orders in ERP systems through KD virtual collabo- rative center,combining the e-commerce sales system,ERP,SCM,CRM,PDM and export management system.


The conventional methods of full text processing, such as pattern matching and keyword indexing, may result in waste of rich information. Recently, the knowledge-based approach has been used in natural language text processing. Unlike past generations of information retrieval systems which dealt exclusively with abstracts, title headings, and keywords, today's intelligent information retrieval systems manipulate full texts such as technical manuals, reports, letters, and news articles. This paper discusses the design and implementation of a knowledge-based information retrieval system, concentrating on the issues of knowledge acquisition, knowledge representation, knowledge base refinement, and the information retrieval mechanism


Education loan is one of funds that provided by the government to help the students to pursue in bearing education cost and other expenses. These funds have to be returned after they are graduated. It becomes serious problem when they are facing the difficulty in repayment. According to this problem, this study was done, where the main purpose is to investigate factors that contribute to the default of the education loan repayment. This study was conducted at Tabung Amanah Pendidikan Negeri Melaka (TAPEM).Three variables were developed which are loan interest charged, income level and borrower attitude. Data collected and evidences are being processed by using the SPSS 11.5 Computer program. The researcher also wants to test the hypothesis, which are to investigate the relationship between dependent variable (factors that contribute to the default of education loan repayment) and the independent variable (loan interest charged, income level, and borrowers attitude) that have formulated earlier. Pearson's Correlation Coefficient was used in order to know the relationship between independent variables (loan interest charged, income level and borrower attitude) and dependent variables (factors that contribute to the default of education loan repayment). From the finding, the result shows that only borrower attitude is the most factors that contribute to the default of education loan repayment. For recommendation, organization should work together with the universities to conduct programs to instill positive attitude toward the loan among students or borrowers. It very important to give their awareness and feel more responsibility to their repayment obligation and it will help other student in the future to pursue their studies.


Projection mapping is a method for projecting images and 3D videos onto the outer wall of the building, product and rugged surfaces by using projectors. Especially, interactive projection mapping means that audiences can control the works and change their narrative structure by adding interactions. It helps to raise audience"s interest. Thus, this study is to connect constituent factors of interactive projection mapping to increasing immersed feeling. (1) First, this study identify characteristic of immersed feeling and find the elements of increasing the immersion. (2) Next, it analyzes the proper examples that used interactive projection mapping. (3) Third, it finally extracts some of the elements that used interactive projection mapping. (4) At last, each element of immersion is connected to constituent factors of interactive projection mapping and it is found that they have an effect on increasing immersion. The configuration elements of interactive projection mapping are classified 4 categories by interface types, interaction patterns, object types and the presence of the texture and materiality in contents. Finally it found they promote immersion feeling of the audiences with interactivity, the distortion of space and time, enjoyment and realness.


Today there are smart cities that, through the use of information technologies, focus their efforts on improving the quality of life of their inhabitants by using sensors and specialized infrastructure. From these efforts arose the need to analyze and represent data within a system to make it useful, for which dashboards emerge. The objective of these systems is to provide users with information to support decision-making, so it is essential to adapt the visualization of the information provided to their needs and contexts. This article provides a systematic review of the literature on information visualization in adaptable dashboards. We present the visual components organized according to the information they can display and the identification of a procedure for the construction of dashboards. We proposed a component specification for adaptable dashboards, which integrates users, their information, interaction, and dashboard building guidelines to be integrated into smart city solutions.


Abstract: To deepen our understanding of those aspects of problems that cause the most difficulty for solvers, this study integrated eye‐tracking with handwriting devices to investigate problem solvers' online processes while solving geometry problems. We are interested in whether the difference between successful and unsuccessful solvers can be identified by employing eye‐tracking and handwriting. Sixty‐two high school students were required to complete a series of geometry problems using pen tablets. Responses, including eye movement measures, wrote/drew trace, perceived cognitive load and questionnaires concerning the source of difficulties, were collected. The results suggested that the technique could enhance methods to diagnose difficulties by differentiating between successful and unsuccessful solvers. We considered mental rotation could be a primary obstacle in the integrating stage of diagram comprehension. The technique can be extensively applied in various instructional scenarios. Educational implications for problem solving are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]


The influences of limestone powder( LSP) on the shrinkage,resistance to chloride ion penetration,and anti-carbonation properties of normal concrete and high strength concrete at the given strength levels were investigated. The results show that the drying shrinkage of the normal concrete and the autogenous shrinkage of the high strength concrete decrease with the increase of LSP addition. The resistance to chloride ion penetration of the concrete containing LSP is similar to that of the concrete without LSP. The addition of LSP has no negative effect on the anti-carbonation properties of concrete in the case of no less than 7 d standard curing.


Frequently in written texts one block of information leads the reader to predict the occurrence of a second block of information in the same text. This phenomenon is known as prediction. In structural terms, prediction in written monologues is similar to the anticipation of information which occurs in adjacency pairs: as the reader/speaker meets a first pair-part, the expectation is set up that a coherent second pair-part will also occur in the text. A systematic predictive-predicted relation is thus established. In this paper, I discuss the organisation and function of two different types of prediction in written monologues. The data analysed are excerpts from the language of self-help counselling, a pervasive type of contemporary mass culture written discourse which has not received much attention in the area of text/discourse analysis. The analysis presented here is relevant for the description of written text structure, for reading pedagogy and applied linguistics.


Mental Health programs, especially in relation to children, were studied on a recent visit to Mainland China. Visits were made to "creches," pedagogical institutions from preschool to university level, hospitals, private homes, rehabilitation facilities for criminals and juvenile delinquents. Projective techniques, psychiatric questionnaires were used with small groups of children and conversations were held with children, parents and teachers. Observations on the role of the state in mental health of the youth, and implications for personality development of the Chinese child are reported.


Lentiviral vectors are prime candidate vectors for gene transfer into dividing and non‐dividing cells, including neuronal cells and stem cells. For safety, HIV‐2 lentiviral vectors may be better suited for gene transfer in humans than HIV‐1 lentiviral vectors. HIV‐2 vectors cross‐packaged in HIV‐1 cores may be even safer. Demonstration of the efficacy of these vectors in disease models will validate their usefulness. Parkinson's disease and Fabry disease provide excellent models for validation. Parkinson's disease is a focal degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the brain with progressive loss of ability to produce the neurotransmitter dopamine. Current treatment entails administration of increasing doses of L‐dopa, with attendant toxicity. We explore here the hypothesis that gene transfer of aromatic acid decarboxylase (AADC), a key enzyme in the pathway, will make neuronal cells more efficiently convert L‐dopa into dopamine. Fabry disease on the other hand is a monogenic inherited disease, characterized by α‐galactosidase A (AGA) deficiency, resulting in glycolipid accumulation in several cell types, including fibroblasts. Animal models for preclinical investigations of both of these diseases are available. We have designed monocistronic HIV‐1 and HIV‐2 vectors with the AADC transgene and monocistronic and bicistronic HIV‐2 vectors with the AGA and puromycin resistance transgenes. They were packaged with either HIV‐2 cores or HIV‐1 cores (hybrid vectors). Gene transfer of AADC gene in neuronal cells imparted the ability on the transduced cells to efficiently convert L‐dopa into dopamine. Similarly, the AGA vectors induced Fabry fibroblasts to produce high levels of AGA enzyme and caused rapid clearance of the glycolipids from the cells. Both monocistronic and bicistronic vectors were effective. Thus, the insertion of a second gene downstream in the bicistronic vector was not deleterious. In addition, both the self‐packaged vectors and the cross‐packaged hybrid vectors were effective in gene transfer. J. Med. Virol. 71:173–182, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The purpose of this article is to present a useful method for estimating the importance of criteria and reducing the leniency bias in multi-criteria decision analysis based on interval-valued fuzzy sets. Several types of net predispositions are defined to represent an aggregated effect of interval-valued evaluations. The suitability function to measure the overall evaluation of each alternative is then determined based on simple additive weighting (SAW) methods. Another method, the relative closeness of each alternative to the positive-ideal solution, can also be obtained by net predispositions when using the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). Because positive or negative leniency may exist when most criteria are assigned unduly high and low ratings, respectively, some deviation variables are introduced to mitigate the effects of overestimated and underestimated ratings on criterion importance. Considering the two objectives of maximal weighted suitability (or maximal closeness coefficient) and minimal deviation values, an integrated programming model is proposed to compute the optimal weights for the criteria and the corresponding suitability degrees (or closeness coefficient values) for alternative rankings. Flexible algorithms with SAW and TOPSIS methods are established by considering both objective and subjective information to compute optimal multi-criteria decisions. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methods are illustrated by a numerical example.


The high temperature wear resistant paint consists of one component A and one component B in the weight ratio of 70-85 to 15-30. The component A is compounded with zirconia corundum, fine corundum powder, cyanite, fine silica powder, fine alumina powder, pure calcium aluminate cement and sodium tripolyphosphate; and the component B is compounded with phosphoric acid, ink level aluminum hydroxide and superfine zirconia powder. The high temperature wear resistant paint is used as the lining for boiler, and has excellent wear resisting performance, high corrosion resistance, high erosion resistance, high heat shock stability and high adhering performance.


The article analyses the final lines of V. Soloviev's work "The General Sense of Art," correlating them with the art tendencies of the modern civilization. The author addresses Soloviev's idea about the transforming role of art in relation to the reality, the real life. It is stated that, in the modern era, within the commercial mass culture domination, the entertaining function of art comes to the forefront. At the same time, an opposing tendency can be observed: a movement towards the all-encompassing unity, understanding of the universal, the priority of common values (the ideas of ecological ethics, common religion, non-violence). The author indicates that the dialectic negation of the negation law is manifested in the history of art, in the realization of its varied functions.


1. The Man and His Work 2. Freudo-Marxism and Matriarchal Theory: Early Methodological Perspectives 3. Fromm's Clinical Contributions 4. Fromm's Existentialism 5. Studies in Social Character 6. Consensus, Conformity, and False Consciousness: "The Pathology of Normalcy" 7. Appraisals of Fromm by Psychologists and Psychiatrists 8. Fromm's Contribution to the History of Psychoanalysis 9. Oedipus, Instinct, and the Unconscious in the Fromm-Marcuse Debate Epilogue Notes References Index


Executive summary Europe is facing serious challenges, which are evident in the built environment. Damage has been caused by unexpected weather patterns resulting from climate change. Higher sea levels threaten underground rail systems in northern cities. The infrastructure in Eastern Europe is in disrepair. Water supply and wastewater systems throughout the EU are increasingly dilapidated and ill managed. Construction workers die in site accidents due to lax safety. Traffic congestion and pollution discourage development and erode the cultural heritage of collective memory. Unguided city design encroaches on the natural environment. Natural resources (particularly fossil fuel resources) are depleted through their indiscriminate use. Finally, Europe's built environment does not reflect the growing diversity and steady ageing of its population. These challenges are opportunities for the construction sector. Due to its size and the long life of structures, the built environment has a strong impact on society and on European growth and quality of life. We in the construction sector are involved in all stages of design, planning, construction and facilities management. For Europe to face its major technological, economic and social challenges, we must be proactive in understanding and communicating within our sector. The European Construction Technology Platform (ECTP) is an initiative to mobilise the whole construction sector – contractors, authorities, architects and other designers, purchasing bodies, and the full range of suppliers, clients and users – to find a clear set of common priorities. We see construction change to be increasingly client-driven, sustainable and knowledge-based. Research has a vital role to play in this process of transformation. The ECTP will act as an umbrella for research initiatives. The key goals are linked: to maximize client potential in reaching sustainable development. The strategic research themes are: Materials and technology, Industry transformation, and Service. Material and technology changes will come with the full integration of the developments in the fields of bio-, nano-and information technology. Industry transformation involves bridging the gap in communication between the technical and human side of things in order to discover new business opportunities. Service issues include the pursuit of health, safety and sustainability by meeting human needs and improving accessibility, quality of life and work. Facilitating socioeconomic changes by innovating the collective memory is an important issue in the development of Europe's cities. Other priorities are to improve technological take-up, and develop both human and natural resources while increasing opportunities for competition.


This ethnographic study explores everyday encounters between Jewish Israeli immigrants, Palestinian Arab immigrants, and Canadian Jews in Jerusalem Restaurant a Middle Eastern dining establishment in Toronto. The article reveals the waysin which these three subgroups relate to each other economically and culturally in the context of a diasporic food business that bases its appeal on the symbolism of Jerusalem. Through the practices and relationships observed in this restaurant, we suggest that these subgroups create a practical foodway community, while each subgroup associates with the notion of Jerusalem in its own distinctive way.


Figure 1. During the CPP test, animals that had received cocaine (10 or 20 mg/kg) during drug conditioning trials spent more time in the cocaine-paired side. These effects were enhanced in the Cocaine 20/MDMA 3.0 treatment group, and reduced in the Cocaine 10/MDMA 3.0 and Cocaine 20/MDMA 1.5 treatment groups. We present an efficient approach for Monte Carlo integration on GPUs (Graphics Processing Units).


The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a composite laminate, the method comprising the steps of: parallel fibers (UD filaments) with a resin-coated matrix unidirectionally oriented (3), a composite UD layers; and a number of UD layers are laminated, made UD crossply laminates (18). In the method of the present invention, UD filaments are at a temperature (T


The dynamic characteristics of cylindrical shells filled with fluid are studied in present paper,based on Flgge classic thin shell theory and Helmholtz equations. There are 3 kinds of roots of characteristic equations of shells. The meanings of these roots are studies in present paper. The dispersion,extensional phase velocities,group velocities and amplitude ratio of various waves are obtained. The dynamic characteristics are discussed for a steel shell filled with fluid and vibrating in the n=0,1,2 and 8 circumferential modes. The fluid loads are calculated for different wave shape after dispersion characteristics are computed. The power flow in shells is discussed,too.


The objective of this paper is to illustrate the concept of the soil-geomorphic template and its relationship to biotic change in arid and semi-arid regions. Such biotic change is typically accompanied by and linked to geomorphic change that involves soil, topography, and soil parent material, which together form the soil-geomorphic template. Soil is a factor in biotic change because it is the substrate that provides water, nutrients, anchorage for plants, and habitat for burrowing animals. Topography is a factor in biotic change because it influences local microclimate by means of elevation, lateral redistribution of water, and slope orientation. Soil parent material is a factor in biotic change because it provides the lithic inheritance from the geologic landscape that gives rise to soils with different particle size distribution (i.e. available water holding capacity) and nutrient status. Numerous linkages and feedback loops occur between the soil-geomorphic template, microclimate, vegetation, and animals. A perturbation in any of these factors can steer an ecosystem from one state to another. The integral relationship between the soil-geomorphic template and biotic change is an example of how biological and geological systems are coupled and co-evolve over long-term (Quaternary landscape evolution) and short-term (human-induced desertification) time-scales. r 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


Setting a framework for resolving a dispute in arbitration is essential to make the process work. Kevin R. Casey and Marissa Parker, of Philadelphia, take a hard look at arbitration practice, and provide tips for your ADR game plan and for advising your client on getting to a successful resolution.


Simple Summary The history of the treatment of APL has shown remarkable success. However, it is not clear whether it is necessary to monitor long-term toxicity in "cured" patients who survive for more than five years, which is critical to ensuring maximum survival in APL patients. To answer this question, we performed a comprehensive analysis of 1952 APL 5-year survivors and 5973 non-APL acute myeloid leukemia (AML) 5-year survivors from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. We found that the overall mortality risk in >5-year survivors of APL was 1.41 times than that of the general population due to a significant increase in mortality from AML (SMR, 87.67) and other second malignant neoplasms (SMR, 1.56) only at 60–119 months. This result indicated long-term survivors of APL are safe after 10 years, which may help clinicians make future risk assessment, health guidance, and follow-up plans for APL long-term survivors. Abstract Background: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a highly curable cancer, but it is not clear whether it is also necessary to monitor long-term toxicity in "cured" patients who survive for more than five years, which is critical to ensuring maximum survival in APL patients. Methods: A total of 1952 APL 5-year survivors and 5973 non-APL acute myeloid leukemia (AML) 5-year survivors were included from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was calculated to measure the risk of death. Cumulative mortality is calculated as the incidence of specific causes of death under competing risk events. Results: The SMR of all causes of death in >5-year survivors of APL was higher than that of the general population only at 60–119 months (SMR, 1.41). This was mainly because a significant increase in mortality from AML (SMR, 87.67) and second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) (SMR, 1.56) was found only at 60–119 months. However, there was no higher risk of death from non-cancer-related disease in >5-year survivors of APL than that of the general population (SMR, 0.89). The SMR of all-cause deaths in >5-year survivors of non-APL AML decreased year by year and was no higher than that of the general population until after 216 months. The cumulative incidence of AML-related death, SMN-related death, and non-cancer-related death was significantly lower in APL patients than in non-APL AML patients throughout the follow-up period. Conclusions: Compared with the general population, the risk of death of patients with APL was higher within 5 to 10 years but not higher over 10 years. Therefore, we believe that long-term survivors of APL are safe after 10 years.


Objective:To observe the curative effect of Capsula Mollis of Xuesaitong and foot bath with Chinese crude drug on peripheral neuropathy of diabetes.Method:30 cases in control group were treated by mecobalamine taken orally,and other 30 ones in treatment group were done by Capsula Mollis of Xuesaitong,2 capsules once and two times a day,and foot bath with Chinese crude drug,30 minutes once and two times a day.One treatment course included 10 days,and the two groups were done 3 courses.Result:The total effective rate in treatment group was 93.3%.Conclusion:The curative effect of the method is notable.The method is simple and cheap.


It discloses a geomagnetic sensor error correction method and apparatus. Pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) has a geomagnetic sensor in determining the initial direction of movement due to the artificial magnetic field generated by a surrounding structure for the distortion (error) determine whether the occurrence and, by correcting the generated distortion (error) exact It provides a geomagnetic sensor error correction method and apparatus to determine the initial direction of movement.


Background: The most effective method for teaching practical skills to healthcare professional students is unclear. Traditional teaching models perpetuate a passive learning pedagogy, whilst variation between tutors reduces target clarity. The flipped classroom model provides opportunities for enhancing student engagement. In a flipped classroom, skill explanation and demonstration is delivered online prior to a face-to-face session. The ideal model should generate an incentive for engagement while avoiding content overload. The aim of this study was to evaluate a flipped classroom teaching method that created an imperative for learner engagement among third-year physiotherapy students. Methods: The new teaching method required students to view high production-quality preparatory material and complete unsupervised peer practice as prerequisites for receiving tutor feedback. Two skills classes were taught with the new method. Evaluation data was collected using an anonymous online survey, and responses were analysed to identify key themes. Year-on-year delivery costs were modelled by manipulating key variables, such as class size and video update schedule. Results: The survey was delivered to 72 students: 75% responded after the first class, 32% after the second class. Respondents identified improved readiness for and receptiveness to feedback, and increased control over their learning. Emergent themes included a power shift towards the student, enhanced skill development and improved efficiency. Using parameters relevant for our department, video production costs were recouped after 3 years.


We characterized the excited state (ES) and the ground state (GS) of negatively charged silicon vacancy ( V Si −) centers in hexagonal silicon carbide (4H-SiC) using optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) to realize thermometric quantum sensors. We report the observation of inverted contrast between ODMR signals of the ES and the GS and clarify the effect of energy sublevels of spin states in 4H-SiC. We confirm that ES ODMR signals of V Si − centers are dependent on the temperature with a thermal shift of 2 MHz/K on zero-field splitting (ZFS). Thus, we fabricated microscale dots of V Si − centers in a 4H-SiC p–n diode using proton beam writing and demonstrated the operation of thermometric quantum sensors by measuring the temperature change induced by an injected current. Our demonstration paves the way for the development of atomic-size thermometers inside SiC power devices for future applications.


The present invention provides a method of animal urine pH prediction follows: Determination of the amount of food intake by the animals selected cations, anions, and sulfur-containing amino acids and the use amount of these cations, anions, and sulfur-containing amino acids to urine pH in terms of formula predict urine pH. Typically, when the food intake of animals used in food sodium cation, potassium, calcium and magnesium; anions chloride, sulfur, and phosphorus; sulfur-containing amino acids methionine and cystine in all or a sub-set of the predicted amount of animal urine pH.


This dissertation takes the position that a scientific theory ought to be general and parsimonious and apply this rule to Daron Acemoglu's theory of directed technical change to show that the theory provides useful structure for our knowledge of human capital and wages. The first chapter estimates the shape of labor demand and the strength of technical bias by age group in the US while taking account of changes in directed technology that shift relative demand for worker age groups. The data are consistent with demand shifts produced from the theory of directed technical change when the elasticity of substitution between worker age groups in the United States is slightly above 2, the threshold for strong technical bias. Instrumenting for labor supplies with lagged populations gives similar results. The report illustrates how ignoring technical bias can produce higher estimates seen in past work. The second chapter proposes a new macroeconomic mechanism for generating concavity in age-earnings profiles based on directed technical change. The mechanism does not depend on changes in the human capital of the individual as proposed by Ben-Porath and Mincer; rather changes in the relative human capital of age groups affect the profitability of age-specific technologies, biasing innovation toward improving the productivity of younger workers. Using new data, I estimate that on average a worker at the beginning of the career can expect a yearly wage increase of 6.2% while a worker at the end of a career with 40 years of experience can can expect a yearly wage increase of 2.1%. The theory generates maximal earnings at a later age than observed by some past work with macroeconomic data but is consistent with some micro estimates. The theory should be taken as supplemental to—rather than replacing—human capital-based theories of age-earnings profiles.


To establish the cross-Straits military security mutual trust Mechanism is the strategically important tache that constructs the peaceful development of cross-Straits relations framework,and the mechanism construction needs to be explored in more different ways.From The strategic culture angle,this essay makes clear the interactive relationship of the traditional cultural,the strategic culture and the strategic behavior,and interpretates the traditional cultural background of the the mechanism construction.From the angle of Chinese traditional strategic cultural mainstream values and habitual behaviour pattern,this essay discusses the meaning of the construction of the cross-Straits military security mutual trust mechanism and some questions that are worth talking about.


Given a (vertex)-coloring C = C 1 , C 2 , ...C m of P a digraph D and a positive integer k, the k-norm of C is defined as C k = m i=1 min C i, k. A coloring C is k-optimal if its k-norm C k is minimum over all colorings. A (path) k-pack P k is a collection of at most k vertex-disjoint paths. A coloring C and a k-pack P k are orthogonal if each color class intersects as many paths as possible in P k , that is, if C i k, C i P j = 1 for every path P j P k , otherwise each vertex of C i lies in a different path of P k . In 1982, Berge conjectured that for every k-optimal coloring C there is a k-pack P k orthogonal to C. This conjecture is false for arbitrary digraphs, having a counterexample with odd cycle. In this paper we prove this conjecture for bipartite digraphs.


The plaintiff petitioned for a writ of habeas corpus in the Common Pleas Court of Franklin County, Ohio, on January 12, 1959. He had been indicted in two cases on June 23, 1950, both under section 2903.01 of the Ohio Revised Code entitled "Assault upon a child under sixteen years."' On arraignment, he pleaded "not guilty" to each charge. Upon trial of one of these cases on November 10, 1950, he was found "guilty" and eventually sentenced to the Ohio Penitentiary. In December of 1957, he was "parolled"; however, this was of little significance since on June 29, 1954, more than four years after the indictment, he had been tried on the second charge and again found "guilty," sentence to "begin after the expiration of his current confinement. ' 2 Thus, he immediately began serving the sentence in the second case upon his "parol" in the first case. The due process clause of the fourteenth amendment of the United States Constitution3 and article one, section ten of the Ohio Constitution4 have long guaranteed a speedy trial to those accused of a crime. To quote the opinion rendered in the noted case, ". . . the petitioner in this case was not afforded a speedy trial . . . [since] he was indicted June 23, 1950,... [and] tried on June 29, 1954,-more than four years later."5 Yet the court was bound by precedent to deny the writ of habeas corpus since in Ohio, where an appeal or direct attack is or ever has been available, one may not attack his conviction collaterally in a habeas corpus proceeding.6 As recently as May, 1960, the Ohio Supreme Court reaffirmed this doctrine in State ex rel. Sheppard v. Alvis, Warden.7 However, in State ex rel. Bailey v. Henderson, 8 a man was sentenced to 20 years imprisonment after pleading "guilty," on the advice of counsel, to a forgery indictment. His only crime was drawing a check with in-


This paper deals with the nature of plasma (which is becoming more and more to be considered as a fourth state of matter), its methods of generation, the sometimes paradoxical motion of the charge ...


This paper provides an application of C-Band Sentinel-1 imagery to map seasonal melting along the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) for the period 2017-2019. The paper provides spatiotemporal time series of several metrics, as for example freeze onset, for the region. The authors detected horizontal (at the regional scale) and vertical differences that they assess resemble well established HKH glacio-climatic regimes while providing insights on scarcely described dynamics, such as the occurrence of melt signals at very high elevations. My


With the progress of human society,the world economic informatization develop rapidly.Both traditional and new decoration enterprise need efficient office system in order to survive and develop.However,the traditional Web system of the data processing takes synchronous loading.This leads to poor data processing for the construction management system,which has a large quantity of data and data types,so it often requires users to wait on line.In this research, lightweight SSH framework based on the framework with Ajax ExtJS4technology has been adopted,and the ExtJS4framework of the UI control library and the advantages of ExtJS4dynamic loading have been fully utilized.It develops strong data processing ability and interactive good client.


The time series models have important applications in financial analysis. However, their likelihood functions are usually not available in the explicit form. Generalized AutoRegressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models capture certain characteristics commonly associated with financial time series, they give a statistical way of representing the changing volatility of data. And the estimation of such models has intensively and successfully been studied. Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method has been successful in estimating the parameters of GARCH models. Moreover, the Reversible Jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo (RJMCMC) method is employed to solve the model selection problem. It enables the Gibbs sampling schemes to work in different spaces. In this research, we assume the orders of both AR and GARCH parts in the models are unknown and the corresponding parameters are to be estimated using the Bayesian approach. That is, we provide a procedure that automatically chooses the best one among AR-GARCH models. Finally, this technique is applied to real data (Taiwan stock index, 2005/01/01-2009/05/31) and the best model is AR(1)-GARCH(1,1).


The names of officers who served in the Crimea and in the Mutiny are now distinguished in the monthly Army List, by the letters C. and M. prefixed to their names. The British Medical Journal of 8th February 1913, contains a list of the medical officers, in all thirty-six, who are thus distinguished. Thirteen of them are officers of the I. M. S., all of whom served in the Mutiny, one, Surgeon Major It. Boustead, in the Crimea also. The thirteen who belonged to the I. M. S. are :? Bengal, J. Fairweather, J. H. Loch, C. Plauck, Sir James Thornton, T. S. Veale and G. A. Watson. Madras, G. Bidie, Sir C. Golvin-Smith, W. A. SmithWynne, S. J. Wyndowe. Bombay, R. Boustead, C. Joynt, E. Sexton. One of these officers. 1\ S. Veale, died on 1st December 191'2. In addition, however, to the thirteen enumerated above, at least eleven other officei's of the IM. S. are still shewn


The Zhaishang gold deposit is a large-size gold deposit in West Qinling area.The ore bodies occur in the shatter zone of Devonian and Permian strata and contain rich metallic sulfides.To extend the gold ore district,the authors used IP medium gradient survey to delineate the polarizability anomalies,IP combined profile to infer the strike and extension of the shatter zone and metallic sulfides,and the compound polar distance combined profile and IP sounding to judge the dip and downward extension.Drill holes of ZK192,ZK112 and ZK42 were arranged.The inferred ore conditions in the ZK432 hole are coincident with the real conditions,showing satisfactory results.


With greater emphasis on deepwater fields, the trend toward lighter pipes transporting higher temperature and higher pressures products poses new challenges for corrosion engineers. This article focuses on the processes and problems related to bottom stability of the pipeline. Part I deals with environmental conditions and hydrodynamic forces.


This paper presents a modified formulation for the wind-battery-thermal unit commitment problem that combines battery energy storage systems with thermal units to compensate for the power dispatch gap caused by the intermittency of wind power generation. The uncertainty of wind power is described by a chance constraint to escape the probabilistic infeasibility generated by classical approximations of wind power. Furthermore, a mixed-integer linear programming algorithm was applied to solve the unit commitment problem. The uncertainty of wind power was classified as a sub-problem and separately computed from the master problem of the mixed-integer linear programming. The master problem tracked and minimized the overall operation cost of the entire model. To ensure a feasible and efficient solution, the formulation of the wind-battery-thermal unit commitment problem was designed to gather all system operating constraints. The solution to the optimization problem was procured on a personal computer using a general algebraic modeling system. To assess the performance of the proposed model, a simulation study based on the ten-unit power system test was applied. The effects of battery energy storage and wind power were deeply explored and investigated throughout various case studies.


Acknowledgments 1. Introduction: The Case of the Poisonous Book 2. Gothic Toxins: The Castle of Otranto, The Monk, and Caleb Williams 3. The Reading Monster 4. How Oliver Twist Learned to Read, and What He Found 5. Poor Jack, Poor Jane: Representing the Working Class and Women in Early and Mid-Victorian Novels 6. Cashing in on the Real in Thackeray and Trollope 7. Novel Sensations of the 1860s 8. The Educations of Edward Hyde and Edwin Reardon 9. Overbooked versus Bookless Futures in Late-Victorian Fiction Notes Works Cited Index


We consider N=2 SU(2) Seiberg–Witten duality theory for models with Nf=2 and Nf=3 quark flavors. We investigate arbitrary large bare mass ratios between two or three quarks at the singular points. For Nf=2 we explore large bare mass ratios corresponding to a singularity in the strong coupling region. For Nf=3 we determine the location of both strong and weak coupling singularities that produce specific large bare mass ratios.


Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of metal ions on layers of microcrystalline cellulose, alumina G, and their binary mixtures was performed with aqueous solutions of ammonia (NH 3 ), acetic acid (HOAc), sodium acetate (NaOAc), ammonium acetate (NH 4 OAc), and sodium nitrate (NaNO 3 ) as mobile phases. Ag + was separated from other metal ions by using a mixed layer with 1.0M aqueous NH 3 as mobile phase. Some important binary, ternary, and quaternary separations were achieved. The effect of acid-base equilibria on the retention behavior of Ag + was examined. After TLC separation, Ag + was determined quantitatively by spectrophotometry using dithizone solution (in acetone) as chromogenic reagent. The TLC-colorimetric method was applied to recovery of Ag + from horn silver (AgCl) and argentite (Ag 2 S).


The effect of thermal fluctuations on the critical current of Pb-Ag-Pb (SNS) Josephson junctions has been studied. When the critical current goes to zero in the magnetic field (around the minimum positions of the Fraunhofer pattern), the effect of thermal fluctuations is significantly enhanced. In the presence of strong fluctuations, the envelope of the maximum in the Fraunhofer pattern is proportional to 1/H2, which is quite different from the form of 1/H in the absence of fluctuations.


Over the decades, with the increase of computing resources, the amount of data to manage also increased tremendously. Besides of the sheer quantity of information, the quality of it highly varies today. Indexing all this data with equal effort is cumbersome and wasteful. Thus, adaptive indexing algorithms refine parts of interest more carefully. Unfortunately, the adaptivity also introduces a set of new problems. High variance in response times and low robustness against certain workloads are just two issues to mention. A vast amount of methods have been proposed to deal with these problems. Thus, in the first part of this thesis, we will reinvestigate, analyze, and enhance the class of adaptive indexing methods in a comprehensive evaluation on the algorithmic level. In total, we discuss 18 cracking methods, 6 sorting algorithms, and 3 full index structures, including our own proposed methods. Consequently, we identify data partitioning as the common component. Thus, in the second part, we analyze the surprising amount of optimizations possible to enhance partitioning. Interestingly, they mostly originate from a more sophisticated mapping of the method to the system properties, thus shifting our perspective to a system-centric view. Subsequently, in the third part, we dig down to the ground level by exploiting a core feature of any modern operating system, the virtual memory system. We investigate how virtual and physical memory can be separated in user space and how the mappings between the two memory types can be rewired freely at runtime. Using rewiring, we are able to significantly enhance core applications of data management systems. Finally, we apply the techniques identified in this thesis to the initial adaptive indexing algorithm to significantly improve it — and close the circle.


The present scenario compels in the planning and construction of new buildings to incorporate various renewable energy sources depending on the availability of resources in their geographical area. This makes a building the net energy producer. Photovoltaic technology is by far the most dependable technique in practice to get the best out of solar energy without causing any harm to the environment. The technology works on the principle of converting sun powered irradiance into straightforward electric current by working on semiconductors. Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) innovation had turn out to be the commonly adopted technologies which transform an energy consuming building into a producer of energy. The BIPV also works as a weather protector, thermal insulator and noise barrier. Moreover, here the solar energy is generated near the consumer and therefore transmission expenditure is eliminated and power loss is minimized. This paper dissects the perfect decision of settled plot for the sun powered board to get the most extreme sunlight based illumination utilized for BIPV. It is seen that the ideal edge of tilt for every month enables us to gather the most extreme insolation considering a particular location. The amount of efficiency loss when adopting the optimum established angle is evaluated and correlated with the monthly ideal leaning angle. The BIPV modules can therefore be used with the fixed angle to generate maximum energy.


1. The Intrasystem Electromagnetic Compatibility Analysis Program (IEMCAP), which will provide the basic computer analysis for the IAP for vulnerability assess ments, design of specification limits, compatibility and waiver analyses, and control of undesired electro magnetic energy in communications/electronic systems. It contains electromagnetic (EM) generator, transfer coupling, and receptor models.


This paper uses a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with three countries to study the effects of implementation of an open monetary union on international fluctuations. We consider the effects of unanticipated country specific shocks on technology and government spending. We compare the resulting fluctuations to a benchmark case with three independent currencies. We find that the implementation of monetary union reverses the expenditure switching effects between the goods produced inside the monetary union and that the implementation of monetary union stabilizes the fluctuations caused by shocks emerging inside the monetary union. We also find that countries benefit more from positive technology shocks when they are members of a monetary union and that in the monetary union the negative spillovers resulting from fiscal expansion by one member country are rather small.


This study presents the application of artificial neural network (ANN) methodology for real time flood forecasting in Omo River, southern Ethiopia. Back propagation algorithms have been used for 1 to 6 hour runoff predictions with various combinations of flood events for training the ANN models. The performance of each model structure has been evaluated using common performance criteria, i.e., root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of correlation (r), and coefficient of determination (R2). The criteria selected to avoid over training was the generalization of ANN through cross validation. Fairly accurate hourly runoff predictions have been obtained using the data of six flood events suggesting that the ANN models are particularly suited for flood forecasting purposes. The two important parameters, when predicting a flood hydrograph, are the magnitude and the time to peak discharge. It has been found that the ANN flood forecasting models have been able to predict this information with great accuracy. However, the forecasting efficiency decreases with increasing time.


A 19-year-old boy was admitted suffering from headache, vomiting and subconjunctival hemorrhage. Three months before admission, he had undergone a splenectomy following the diagnosis of idiopathic myelofibrosis 1 year earlier. Non-contrast computed tomography (CT) images showed a hyperdense and irregular meningeal lesion, which surrounded the brain with prominent homogenous contrast enhancement (top left, top right). Magnetic resonance imaging showed marked meningeal thickening (lower left). Craniotomy was performed, and biopsied leptomeningeal tissue was examined after haematoxylin and eosin staining. In addition to the myeloid, erythroid and megakaryocytic elements, some microscopic fields showed haemosiderin in the macrophages. Russell bodies and plasma cells were also observed (lower right). The majority of the cells were haematopoietic. The patient subsequently developed rapidly worsening features of intracranial pressure. Radiotherapy resulted in partial regression of the lesion and symptomatic improvement.


Trueperella pyogenes is a pathogenic bacterium that causes suppurative infections in domestic and wild animals as well as humans. This paper describes a clinical case of subcutaneous abscess by T. pyogenes in a bovine in the Western Amazon, Brazil. During anamnesis, intramuscular injectable drug administration in the middle third of the left gluteal biceps muscle and the practice of reusing needles were reported. The clinical examination revealed edema, hyperthermia and high pain sensitivity to the touch in the region. A sample was collected through a puncture incision for the bacterial culture, during which T. pyogenes was isolated. The therapeutic approach was the use of a systemic antimicrobial and topical care, with a good prognosis. This report is the first description of infection by T. pyogenes in cattle in the Western Amazon and underscores the importance of appropriate sanitary management in herds, especially the use of disposable needles and hygiene at the site of parenteral drug application.


Abstract : The North Boundary treatment system at Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Commerce City, Colorado, involves the pumping of contaminated ground water from an unconfined aquifer from one side of a soil bentonite slurry wall to three pulsed-bed activated carbon absorber and prefilter and postfilter systems. The treated water is injected into the unconfined aquifer on the other side of the slurry wall via 38 recharged wells and 15 recharged trenches, collectively referred to as the recharged system. Over time, the dewatering and especially the recharged system have a tendency to become clogged, which limits their effectiveness. A number of factors have been attributed to the degradation in performance of dewatering and recharged systems. These are air binding, sodium adsorption, metal precipitation, deposition of cementing agents, straining of suspended solids, and microbial growths or biofouling. This report presents the results of three separate assessments of reduced recharged capacity of a pump-and-treat system. The fate of carbon fines throughout the North Boundary system, clogging because of periodic losses of activated carbon fines, and growth of microorganisms in the recharged system are addressed.


Hot rocks /EGS are defined as subsurface reservoirs that have been enhanced to extract geothermal energy. The thermal energy is recovered by creating or accessing a system of open, connected subsurface reservoirs through which water can be circulated down injection wells, heated by contact with the subsurface hot rocks, and returned to the surface in production wells as superheated water/steam used to drive a turbine to generate electricity (Figures 1 and 2).


Let V be a parallel vector field on a compact Riemannian manifold without boundary. Suppose the Euler class over the reals of the normal bundle to V is different from zero. Then the flow defined by V has a periodic orbit. Let Mn be a C' compact oriented n-dimensional Riemannian manifold, and let V be a nowhere vanishing C' contravariant vector field on Mn that is parallel with respect to the metric; that is, we assume that the covariant derivative of V is zero. Let ,u c Hn-i(Mn, R) be the Euler class of the normal bundle to V with real coefficients, where we put the obvious orientation on the normal bundle. The purpose of the note is to prove the following result: THEOREM. If It0, the flow defined by V has a periodic orbit. PROOF. We proceed by adopting a device used in [2]. The one-form z gotten from V by lowering indices has covariant derivative zero and therefore has exterior derivative zero, since the exterior derivative is the skewsymmetrization of the covariant derivative. Moreover the interior product of x and V is certainly never zero. Let ox, ..., 5k be closed one-forms on Mn corresponding to a basis for the one-dimensional cohomology on M?l. For some 6>0, k1 l + * * +18,kl <6 implies that (x+el1xl+ * * +k8Xk has a nowhere vanishing interior product with V. We see from this that we can get C' one-forms ojl * * *, cOk each of which has a nonvanishing interior product with V and which determine cohomology classes which arise from a basis for the rational one-dimensional cohomology of Mn. Then by multiplying wo1, *., (ok by suitable rational constants we can get one-forms wo1, I, each of which has a nowhere vanishing interior product with V and which correspond to a basis of H'(Mn, R) arising from the integral one-dimensional cohomology of Mn. Each of the oneforms wo1, * *, w/ arises from a map to the circle; in an easily understood notation there exist functions 01, .. * Ok on Mn defined mod 1 such that o A=dO1, * *, ro?=dOk. Next we observe that if N15 ... , Nk are the (n1)-dimensional manifolds corresponding to the equations 01=, . Ok= 0O and taken with Received by the editors November 22, 1972 and, in revised form, August 30, 1973. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 34C40, 34C25.


This research was aimed to identify factors affecting Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) of Syariah Banks in Indonesia. There were four factors suspected to influence ISR, i.e. company size, profitability, company age, and proportion of independent commissioner. The first three factors were characteristics of company and the last one was one of corporate governance mechanisme. ISR was evaluated based on content analysis, by analyzing annual report of 18 syariah banks of 2010-2011 period. In the checklist, value of 1 was given for the report mentioning items of ISR and otherwise was 0. Multiple regression analysis showed that company size and profitability significantly affected the level of ISR, but it was opposite for company age and proportion of independent commissioner.


Borotellurite glasses with composition (in mol%): 57B2O3–20TeO2–15Bi2O3–3TiO2–(4-x)Na2O–1Tm2O3-xHo2O3 (where x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5) have been fabricated and characterized aims at studying their density, molar volume and refractive index. Glasses were fabricated by melt quenching method. Density measurements were carried at room temperature using picnometer while their refractive indices were determined by applying Brewster angle method. It is observed that both density and molar volume tend to increase with increasing Ho3+ ions concentration. The density, molar volume as well as refractive index of the reported glass increases from 4.72 to 4.91 g/cm3, 31.80 – 32.18 cm3/mol, 1.4906 to 1.7253, respectively, with increasing holmium oxide (Ho2O3) concentration. Other properties characterized the glasses were also derived, including oxygen packing density, field strength and polaron radius.


Introduction Voluntary poisoning with neurotoxic products in order to achieve euphoria is common especially among young people. Neurological complications are quite likely and can be serious and irreversible. Objectives We aim to describe the peripheral neuropathies secondary to N-Hexane intoxication in a Tunisian population. Methods A retrospective descriptive study was carried out in our department of neurology in the NationalInstitute of Neurology of Tunis including patients diagnosed with N-Hexane neuropathy. All patientshad a history of a N-Hexane exposure. The diagnosis was confirmed after excluding other etiologiesthrough appropriate investigations. Clinical and para-clinical data as well as follow-up were assessed. Results We selected 38 patients with a mean age of 22.7 years [14-36]. Among them, 37 were glue-sniffer and 1 had a voluntary toxic exposure to paint. An associated cannabis consumption was found in 6 patients. All of them had a low socio-economic background and 17 were unemployed. Time to onset of neurological signs ranged from 5 months to 11 years. The clinical exam showed a quadriparesis (15,7%), a paraparesis (58%), sensory involvement (55,2%) amyotrophy (40%) and abolished tendon reflexes in lower limbs (81,5%). Swallowing disorder and optic neuritis were found in one case. The electroneuromyogram revealed an axono-demyelinating sensory-motor polyneuropathy (PN) in 16 cases and a demyelinating motor PN in 9 cases. Vitamin therapy, motor rehabilitation and psychotherapy sessions have been indicated. Only 6 patients showed slight clinical improvement after withdrawal. The rest of our patients did not quit; 84% of them became bedridden. Conclusions Glue-sniffer related neuropathy is very common in our country especially in adolescents and young adults with low socio-economic background. The neurological outcome is serious and usually irreversible if exposure is persistent. Disclosure of Interest None Declared


The ex erimental manipulations were perffnned using Se lenk techniques due to the hygrocopic nature of the starting materials and the pI' ducts obtained. The solvents, piperidines and other materials were procured, purified and dr cd as described earlier4-6, For th preparation of the complexes, a thr e-fold excess of the ice-cold solution of the lig' nd in tetrahydr furan (THF) (10 cm3) was added to the THF s lution of uranium(lV) thioc ,mate, perchlon te, bromide or iodide (1.24 g to 1.96 g: 2.63 mmol), p epared in situ as described below. T e dark green oil thus separated was treated with a solute ethanol a d solvent ether alternately 5-6 times 0 get a solid gr 'n-coloured product. The produ twas filtered i a G4 filtration unit under anh drous conditiot s, washed 5-6 times with solvent et er and finally dr cd in "([CliO. A continuous now of urified and drie N2 was maintained through the s lution during tl e preparation. The T F solutions of uranium (IV) salts e ployed in this ~~tdy were obtained as follows6: To a s )!ution of UCI4 1.00 g, 2.63 mmol) in THF (50 C1 3) was added ~;o id KBr (1.25 g), KI (1.75 g), KNCS 1.02 g) or AgCI 4 (2.18 g) in a mole ratio of 1:4. Whi e in the preparat on of perchlorate AgCI se arated immedia ely on mixing, the mixtures f)r the preparat on of bromide, iodide and thiocyan lte had


Being born and raised in South India, I had not studied US history and decided to join my daughter in learning about the events that started in the 1600s that have led the United States to where it is today. The information I gathered not only gave my daughter a better understanding of US history but led to my affirmation that water‐related problems have no boundaries, and history truly supports the need for continued attention.


Olive Field is oil productive from a thin stratigraphically-trapped sandstone within the Lower Tuscaloosa Formation in southwestern Mississippi. The field' s discovery was based on the interpretation that a mappable "soft" seismic event, which correlated with a 30-ft (9.2 m) thick water-wet sandstone downdip, was traceable to an updip pinchout. Detailed seismic attribute analyses and geologic data were used to delineate the reservoir and develop the field. Olive has undergone primary and waterflood production and is a target for enhanced recovery using carbon dioxide. A total of 8.0 MMSTB or approximately 80X of the OOIP is estimated to be recoverable by conventional and enhanced recovery methods.


Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are designed for "a special purpose'', usually supporting some special functions, such as sensing environments, providing services. However, the traditional model of service accessing, such as the server/client model, can not be directly applied to MANETs, as the node, running the server, providing services, may be multi-hop distant, even mobile and thus unreachable from the client. This paper proposes a novel approach, by which a node can query other nodes by using the standard set of SQL (Structured Query Language) functions, which is the foundation of mobile databases. Analysis and simulation demonstrate that there is a tradeoff between the communication overhead and the query accuracy, which should be carefully weighed in the real network environment.


Different high-power fiber laser designs based on commercially available components are compared using a free software. The MOPA architectures have the potential to reach up to 4 kW but are limited by TMI and SRS.


The production of insect protein as human food and livestock feed (entomophagy) may provide a more environmentally beneficial alternative to traditional animal agriculture. However, the resulting waste product from insect production has resulted in large accumulations of left-over substrate and frass. Due to its nutrient and microbial profile, this left-over product has the potential to be utilised as a biofertiliser for high value crop production. Studies have been conducted using the frass of various insects (e.g. black soldier flies, houseflies, and mealworms) to monitor its impact on crop productivity. Overall, frass tends to have similar or better results when compared to inorganic fertilisers, especially when combined with them. Aside from productivity and growth, frass may also preserve soil fertility by decreasing leaching and infiltration, and reducing the prevalence of disease and pathogens. In addition, chitin found in frass also has beneficial properties for plant/crop growth and disease resistance. Monitoring the dietary inputs of industrially reared insects may be the best way of mitigating the potential negative impacts of frass application, such as increased electrical conductivity and heavy metal toxicity. No single study confirms all of these benefits at once. Future studies should focus building onto these results by demonstrating systems levels benefits.


[Objective]To investigate the effect of health education table on health education for elderly patients with diabetes,and offer reference for the development of special care for the elderly in future.[Methods]A total of 136 elderly inpatients with diabetes in Geriatrics Department of People'Hospital in Maicheng County of Hainan Province from October 2011-October 2012 were randomly divided into observation group and control group,with 68 cases in each group.The control group was given traditional health education method,and the observation group received health education table on health education.After health education,the two groups of patients with diabetes were compared in related mastery of knowledge and the level of blood glucose.[Results]The basic knowledge levels of the disease,diet therapy,exercise therapy,drug therapy and prevention of complications of observation group were significantly better than the control group,and the differences were significant(P 0.05 or P 0.01).The morning fasting and 2 h postprandial blood glucose levels of patients were significantly lower than those in the control group(P 0.01).[Conclusion]The application of health education table in health education for elderly patients with diabetes can significantly improve the awareness rate of diabetes-related knowledge,and can effectively control blood glucose levels to improve the quality of life of patients.


Children that are diagnosed with Idiopathic Toe walking (cITW) are characterized by persistent toe-to-toe contacts. The objective of this study was to explore whether typical foot contact dynamics during walking predisposes cITW to a higher risk of falling. Twenty cITW and age-matched controls performed typical and toe walking trials. The gait parameters related to foot contact dynamics, vertical force impulses during stance, slip, and trip risk were compared for both groups. We found that cITW manifest less stable gait and produced significantly higher force impulses during push-off. Additionally, we found that cITW had a higher slip-initiation risk that was associated with higher foot contact horizontal and vertical velocities in addition to lower transitional acceleration of center of mass. We found that cITW exhibited a higher trip risk with toe clearance being significantly lower when compared to healthy counterparts. This study allowed for a quantitative description of foot contact dynamics and delineated typical from toe walking among cITW. Overall, the results indicate that cITW are less stable during typical walking and are prone to a higher risk of slip and trip-like falls.


Disaster are on the rise all the way through the world and may strike any destination without any warning. Almost all the nations of the world witness such disasters. So many deaths, diseases, economic and social loss are a few results of disaster. Flooding being a part of natural environment is a threat only when it impends harm to humans, their activities and their properties. This being one of the many aspect that hamper a destinations image and the locals as well as tourist sense of safety. Any disaster be it is manmade or natural, always leads to loss of life and property. India which has different types of vegetation, geography and ever growing population witnesses almost all the kinds of disasters most common among them all being floods. In light of the disaster that occurred in Uttarakhand and in Kashmir, that swept the both state, resulting in massive damage, loss of valuable lives, properties and left thousands of tourist trapped and millions of people homeless. Therefore planning and organizing of rapid forces which can work during such mishaps have been developed by all the nations in the form of natural disaster management. For this reason, community should be more conscious about disaster prevention culture and mitigation. They should be involved in post disaster recovery and reconstruction process for facing the future disasters and mitigate it. So to avoid raising any such concerns, in a given situation any destination must be well equipped with preventive measures to fight any kind of disaster. This paper discusses Uttarakhand and Kashmir in the dilemma of the disaster through a comparative study and recommends several measures to be taken for disaster management, and touches upon how to re-establish a destination back to normalcy. Further this study also throws light into the various loop holes which was responsible to the extreme disastrous impact both in terms of lives and property. After critically analyzing all the stated objectives, it is concluded that a strong and effective collaborative management system and active participation of community is a must for prevention and control of such disasters in future. Keywords--Disaster risk, Disaster, Natural Disaster management, Uttarakhand, Kashmir, Tourist Destination


Based on rainfall data of apple production area from mid-August to mid-October in recent 40 years in Shaanxi,the continuous rainy days meteorological disaster index was proposed to carry on the risk analysis of apple production.The continuous rainy days meteorological disaster indexes were computed and classified as three level for mild,moderate and serious in apple production area.The results indicated that continuous rainy days meteorological disaster index was mild in 13 counties,moderate in 27 counties and serious in 8 counties,which consisted with actual influence of continuous rainy days on apple production in Shaanxi Province.


The mechanism, by which electrical breakdown of the insulant in M.O.S. structures occurs, is identified ; thermodynamic breakdown, for positive metal voltages ; intrinsic breakdown, for the opposite polarity. Thermodynamic breakdown and the fabrication process are shown to be related to the formation of conducting paths within the oxide. The intrinsic breakdown voltages for devices formed from a particular oxide ore found to be distributed about a mean value ; this value being related to the oxidation temperature and oxide thickness.


The identification of an unambiguous universal cause for Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (TMD) is still lacking. It is considered as a multifactorial disorder that results from existence of various contributing factors; psychosocial factors being one of them. Some studies have reported that in a significant number of patients, psychosocial factors play a role in causation and maintenance of temporomandibular disorders. However, whether the symptoms related to TMD are more prevalent in patients with psychosocial disorders, still needs to be explored. This study is expected not only to provide a baseline data about the prevalence, but also throw some light on the complex inter-relationship between TMD and psychosocial disorders.Two hundred adult individuals diagnosed with some psychosocial disorder, either institutionalized or under out-patient care, were included in the study. Based on direct interviews and standard clinical examination methods, subjective and objective TMJ symptoms were evaluated. The results were then, post-hoc compared to prevalence of the same symptoms in hundred normal individuals.Analysis of the results showed prevalence of subjective TMJ symptoms to be 12%, where as objective TMJ symptoms were present in 19.5% of participants with psychosocial disorders. Compared to this, prevalence of these subjective and objective symptoms in normal individuals was 32% and 27% respectively.The prevalence of symptoms related to TMJ disorders does not appear to be unusually high in patients with psychosocial disorder. Though some comorbidity between both these conditions is present, no clear relationship could be established.


This article aims, on the one hand, to analyze the increase of productive asymmetries between Argentina and Brazil that have been evidencing during the last two decades, and are currently reveled in the structural trade deficit of industrial products that affects Argentina in the bilateral relationship. On the other hand, it intends to contribute to understanding the roots of these asymmetries based on the differences in the public policies implemented by both countries during the period extending from the implementation of the Mercosur, in the early 1990s, until 2008. The focus is set on the technological pattern of industrial production and trade structures, considering a non neutral impact over the long term development.


Considering the course control and the loss of speed during ship maneuver with the waterjet propulsion,this paper gives a control system of the course and speed,which is based on time-scale separation.It considers the coupling as the interference between separated systems.It shows the adrantage of the backstepping in design of the unmatched and uncertainty systems,the capability of interference rejection in the sliding-mode control systems and the accuracy enhancement of inversion solving due to dynamic inversion in backstepping system design.This paper designs the course backstepping sliding-mode controller and the speed backstepping dynamic inversion controller,which figure out the problem of the steady control of the course and speed during ship maneuver resolving.


Watershed management practices such as prescribed fire, harvesting and understory mastication can alter the chemical composition and thickness of forest detritus, thus affecting the quantity and quality of riverine dissolved organic matter (DOM). Long-term effects of watershed management on DOM composition were examined through parallel field and extraction-based laboratory studies. The laboratory study was conducted using detritus samples collected from a pair of managed and unmanaged watersheds in South Carolina, USA. Results showed that dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) and ammonium (NH4+-N) concentrations were higher in water extracts from the unmanaged watershed than from the managed watershed (PPP


Abstract Parallel to the consolidation of Business Model approach in different fields of Management, a delay is detected in its application to entrepreneurship education. These applications should conceivably be paralleled by a gradual adaptation of the methodological approaches, with educational establishments incorporating the business model focus and foundations and evaluating the results of its use. The current work aims to constitute an advance in this direction. The paper reports on the results-in terms of the improvement in enterprise potential-of an experiment testing two different pedagogical methodologies in entrepreneurship education on two groups of students studying for degrees in Building Engineering at a Spanish university: a classic methodology based on the development of a business plan, and a new one based on the business model. The results show that students assigned to the methodology based on the business model had a significantly higher level of enterprise potential.