IBD is an umbrella term used to describe Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, both characterised as lifelong relapsing remitting diseases (O'Connor et al., 2013). Hope et al (2012) reported a significant increase in the incidence of childhood IBD in Ireland over a relatively short period of time.
 The aim of this research study was to assess the self-management and healthcare utilisation skills of adolescents and young adults (AYA) (aged 16–21 years) with (IBD).

 Service users aged from 16 to 21 attending the IBD service were asked to complete the Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ). Divided into five domains, 20 questions related to: managing medications, appointment keeping, tracking health issues, talking with providers and managing daily activities.

 31 completed questionnaires were returned via stamped addressed envelope provided. Seventeen patients were diagnosed in a paediatric hospital and 14 were diagnosed in adult hospital services. Seventy-five per cent of respondents manage their own medications, 50% take responsibility for appointment keeping and 51% keep track of their health issues. Eighty-nine per cent talk to health care providers independently and 81% manage daily activities independently. Further analysis showed that females had significantly higher health tracking scores compared with males p = 0.04. Overall, 65% of all female users provided positive feedback regarding this domain. In male group this score reached only 40%. The biggest discrepancy was noted in relation to query concerning the list of questions before doctor`s visit. Almost 70% of females replied positively to this question, while only 28% of male patients provided positive answer. There was no significant difference in scores from those diagnosed in paediatric setting vs. those diagnosed in adult hospital services.

 Some aspects of the appointment keeping as well as health tracking issues (especially in male group) were identified as domains that need further improvement. Ongoing education will be provided to patients attending the service with training focused on increasing awareness of the users in the most lacking domains.


The application of smart or intelligent antennas at base stations of cellular radio systems has been proven to be a successful way to enhance the performance and the channel capacity of personal communication systems. This paper presents a new type of mobile phone car antenna, which is implemented as a phased array of multiple short antennas with optimum omnidirectional patterns. In addition, it allows adaptive beam steering as well. Optimum reception can be achieved by using the same set of antennas in diversity mode. In spite of the comparatively low technical effort and the small dimensions this highly effective antenna configuration opens the possibility for smart antenna application in vehicles as well.


The new staff pre-positive training plays a vital role in adapting new employees of different positions to the hospital working environment,and the medical working pressure.The author hopes to demonstrate that it can make newcomers adjust to the hospital culture more quickly by adding the courses of hospital culture and teamwork spirit into the new staff pre-positive training,besides,it can also make them get more effective communication,thereby improve the sense of belonging and cohesion of the new staff's.


While self-regulated learning is a standard model for online coursework, this approach emphasizes the applicability of Learning Management System (LMS) usage in face-to-face and hybrid course formats. Self-regulated learning has become an important component of education, both as a primary tool in online coursework and as a supplemental resource in face-to-face courses. (Boekaerts, 1999).  Yet despite its importance, research suggests that rather than utilizing the full potential of learning management and course management systems, instructors primarily use LMS and CMS as a delivery mode for course content (Boekarts, 1997; Vovides et al., 2007).  Such underutilization not only minimizes the capacities of such systems, but limits the opportunities for students to engage in multimodal self-regulated learning. This paper offers three specific techniques to improve self-regulated learning via LMS: flipped learning, chunking, and micro-learning.  Research findings have led to support for each of the above-mentioned techniques (Nwosisi et al., 2016; Miller, 1956; Major & Calandrino, 2018). The authors provide examples of techniques used in their own courses, how each facilitates self-regulated learning, and how utilizing the full capabilities of learning management systems engages students in multimodal self-regulated learning.  Common findings and recommendations will also be noted, with the goal of providing a framework for instructors to apply each technique via learning management systems in their own courses.


: The problems of globally exponential stability and dissipativity analysis for static neural networks (NNs) with time delay is investigated in this paper. Some delay-dependent stability criteria are established for static NNs with time delay using the delay partitioning technique. In terms of this criteria, the delay-dependent sufficient condition is given to guarantee the dissipativity of static NNs with time delay. All the given results in this paper are not only dependent upon the time delay but also upon the number of delay partitions. Two numerical examples are used to show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.


This article examined how to work transactions that are stored in the digital ledgers are recorded in the Blockchain. It stores all the valuable data about the user's transactions. Results show that Blockchain has made the financial sector to great peak and got a good reputation among the people who thought it would not work well. By the use of cryptocurrency in the blockchain technology, the Ethereum market has more rise into the second-largest cryptocurrency platform in 2021. Furthermore, a key aspect of the user's gain on share markets as investments when its value goes peak. Due to a dilemma, in decentralized financial [Defi], Many of the users felt insecure while joining into the network. But after the use of transactions in the blockchain, Through serial investigational factor study, the recentlygrow scale was adapt to involve seven main characteristics of team-development intervention (i.e., Decentralization, immutability, transparency, persistency, auditability, security, and privacy). Many of the organizations came forward to implement blockchain technologies in the Ethereum platform to do the decentralized financial [Defi] exchanges. In this article, the theoretical and practical implications of building an application for financially exchanging the bitcoins (Crypto-coins) by using the compound protocol. This protocol makes our application highly secured and confidential in exchanging the Crypto-coins by following the rules.


According to Momentum's annual results, there has been a decline in the sale of retirement annuities (RAs) and endowments. New business for endowments is down a massive 25%, while RAs are down 4%. This has been in part offset with a 13% increase in new business for risk cover.


Function of spinal cord is crucial to nerve conduction pathway. Traumatic spinal cord injury often results in a vasculature disruption after primary insult and further leads to abnormal responses of the intact vessels in neighboring tissue during secondary injury. Therefore, the vasculature and blood supply play significant roles in evaluating the spinal cord function . Ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) overcomes the shortcomings of extensively used angiography, such as computed tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), in terms of limited resolution, radiation and poor-portability, which meets the needs of comprehensive intraoperative examination and prognosis tracking. In this study, an L22-14vX probe with a transmission frequency of 15.625 MHz is utilized, yielding an imaging wavelength of 100 µ m. The ULM is conducted based on ultrafast ultrasound technology with multiple tilted plane-wave illuminations. Robust principal component analysis (RPCA) based spatial-temporal clutter filtering method is used for separating the microbubble signals from tissue signals and high frequency noise. Through microbubble localization, trajectory tracking and mapping, subwavelength super-resolution ultrasound imaging is finally achieved. The whole process of microbubble localization and vessel reconstruction are monitored through measuring the time dependent microbubble detections and saturation. Saturation curve corresponds to the time dependent total area covered by microbubble detections on the image. Quantification analysis is carried out for evaluating the imaging results including resolution measurements based on the Fourier ring correlation (FRC) and full-width at half-maximum (FWHM). The in-vivo experimental results show that ULM can be used to obtain super-resolution vasculature imaging in rat spinal cord. The velocity distributed from 1 mm/s to 50 mm/s can be detected. Within the same vessel, the velocity of a point is inversely correlated with the distance from the point to the center of the vessel. The velocity in the center of the vessel is larger than that at the wall of the vessel. The larger vessels support higher flow in the center of the vessel. The FWHM results indicate that ultrafast Doppler displays vessels in diameters between 135 µ m and 270 µ m while ULM displays them in diameters between 28 µ m and 35 µ m. The FRC-based resolution evaluation shows that the ULM achieves a super resolution of 16 µ m, much less than the imaging wavelength of 100 µ m. Yet, long acquisition time is required to detect microbubbles in the smallest vessels, leading to long reconstruction of the microvasculature, which is still a problem worth studying . Compromise between saturation and acquisition time needs considering. Generally


The authors examine the relationships among organizational culture,knowledge sharing,organizational innovation and organizational performance.The samples of this study involve 95 companies in South China.The study proves that:(1) organizational culture has a positive indirect impact on organizational innovation by affecting knowledge sharing;(2) knowledge sharing has a positive indirect impact on organizational performance by affecting organizational innovation;(3) organizational innovation has positive direct impact on organizational performance;(4) organizational culture has no positive direct impact on organizational performance;(5) knowledge sharing has no positive direct impact on organizational performance.


Impacts into forsterite and orthoenstatite at speeds typically encountered by comets demonstrate that shock imparted by collisions is detectable in the infrared signatures of their dust. The spectral signatures can be traced to physical alterations in their crystalline structures, as observed in TEM imaging and modeled using a dipole approximation. These results yield tantalizing insights into the collisional history of our solar system, as well as the history of individual comets and Trojan asteroids.


The primary goal of e-Governance has been conceived as an approach to deliver government services to the citizens and business, by making use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to enhance the efficiency, interactivity of government services, quality, increase the interaction between government and stakeholders. Moreover, the use of e-Governance is the way towards accelerating smart cities initiatives. In our research, personalized e-services will make e-Governance the more accurate and effective approach. To achieve this, we proposed a recommendation framework where e-service recommendations are done based on the similarity between likeminded hybrid user profiles through clustering. The Compact user profile is used to calculate the correlation between different users and to identify likeminded users to generate similar recommendations.


Proteomics is becoming an increasingly important tool for the study of many different aspects of plant functions, such as investigating the molecular processes underlying hostpathogen interaction, plant physiology, development and differentiation. Cassava mosaic disease (CMD), caused by cassava mosaic virus (CMV), is the most serious disease in cassava. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying CMD in cassava during CMV infection is not yet clearly understood. The current study determined and identifies the differentially expressed proteins from cassava leaves during the infection of CMV viz., Indian Cassava mosaic virus (ICMV) and Sri Lankan Cassava Mosaic Virus (SLCMV). 2D gel electrophoresis was used to identify the cassava responsive proteins during the virus infection and the differentially expressed proteins were analysed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. There are 19 proteins were differentially expressed in cassava leaves by CMV infection. Among them 18 were giving good spectra by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Analysis of Peptide Mass Fingerprint (PMF) data of these 18 proteins revealed the identity of the differentially expressed proteins, which suggest their importance and relevance on plant growth and development, and defence. This work paves the way towards a comprehensive analysis of CMV infection of cassava. Identification of the differentially expressed proteins by their sequence homology to known proteins suggests a possible direct or indirect role on plant defence during CMV infection. This study revealed the differentially expressed proteins, expressed during interaction between cassava and CMV that might play important roles either in viral pathogenesis or resistance. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 04 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Abstract Microchemical and photochemical procedures which would permit rapid, sensitive detection of atromentin, aurantiacin, and thelephoric acid were examined. Photochemically induced fluorescence and chromophore formation with a ceric ammonium sulfate (CAS) reagent were useful for this purpose, especially when the terphenyl-quinones were adsorbed on polyamide powder. Quantitation of atromentin was possible with a CAS procedure, and all three of the terphenylquinones could be quanti-tated with pyridine-water (Py–W) and combined Py–W–CAS procedures. The relative sensitivities for the quantitative methods for atromentin were CAS > Py–W–CAS > Py–W. The procedures permitted the determination of atromentin and aurantiacin in concentrations of 2 to 120 mcg./ml. and 4 to 120 mcg./ml., respectively, and of thelephoric acid in concentrations of 2 to 40 mcg./ml. Precise standardization of analytical conditions was critical.


Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare corneal densitometry measured by Scheimpflug tomography in normal and keratoconic eyes and to assess the differences in densitometry values among the stages of keratoconus. Methods: Keratoconic and normal corneas were examined using the Pentacam. Corneal densitometry was measured over a 12-mm diameter area, divided by annular concentric zones and depths. Keratoconus was classified according to the topographic keratoconus classification. Results: We enrolled 1 eye randomly selected from each of 172 patients with normal corneas (N) and 98 patients with bilateral keratoconus (KC). There were significant differences between the groups for densitometry measurements in 2 annuli: central 2.0 mm in diameter (N = 16.85 ± 2.42, KC = 18.93 ± 2.78, P = 0.0001) and annulus 2.0 to 6.0 mm in diameter (N = 15.18 ± 2.18, KC = 16.16 ± 1.71, P = 0.005), and total diameter (N = 24.89 ± 6.18, KC = 16.71 ± 2.3, P = 0.033). Divided by layers, the inner parts of anterior (120 &mgr;m), central (from 120 &mgr;m to the last 60 &mgr;m), and posterior (last 60 &mgr;m) layers were also higher in the KC group (P < 0.001). There were differences according to the stages of KC for corneal densitometry of the central annuli at total thickness, anterior and central layers. More advanced cases presented a higher backscatter (P < 0.05). The anterior layer presented the smallest overlap between groups and KC stages. Conclusions: The densitometry map reveals that light backscatter was higher in the central portion of the anterior keratoconic cornea than in the normal cornea. The densitometry level is higher in more advanced stages.


As IoT ecosystem has been fast-growing recently, there have been various security concerns of this new computing paradigm. Malicious IoT apps gaining access to IoT devices and capabilities to execute sensitive operations (sinks), e.g., controlling door locks and switches, may cause serious security and safety issues. Unlike traditional mobile/web apps, IoT apps highly interact with a wide variety of physical IoT devices and respond to environmental events, in addition to user inputs. It is therefore important to conduct comprehensive testing of IoT apps to identify possible anomalous behaviours. On the other hand, it is also important to optimize the number of test cases generated, considering that there may be many possible ways in which apps, devices, environmental events, and user inputs interact. Existing works investigating security in IoT apps have been using ad-hoc testing approaches, in which test cases are usually designed to test some particular aspects of apps or devices. In this work, we develop an automated, smart fuzzing approach, called SmartFuzz, for testing Samsung SmartThings IoT apps. More specifically, SmartFuzz combines combinatorial test generation with light-weight program analysis, and aims to improve test coverage of sinks in an efficient, automated manner. We have implemented and evaluated our approach using a publicly available dataset of 60 SmartApps. The results have demonstrated the effectiveness and efficiency of SmartFuzz. In particular, SmartFuzz improved coverage of sinks by 184%, while generating and executing 20% fewer test cases as compared to ad-hoc testing.


Background: Periodontitis affects at least 72% of Indonesian community according to Indonesian Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) in 2018. Periodontitis is considered as localized inflammation. However, the condition leads to systemic change. The recognition of systemic change was observed in lipid levels by several earlier studies. This study aimed to examine the association between lipid level and chronic periodontitis and healthy periodontal status in productive age. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a company clinic, in 2019. A total of 120 patients were selected consisting of 60 patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis and the 60 patients with healthy periodontal status. The data of periodontitis patients were obtained from medical check-up. Data of lipid levels included total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. The data were analyzed by a multiple linear regression. Results: Patients with chronic periodontitis showed higher LDL cholesterol (p<0.001) and triglycerides (p=0.003) than patients with normal periodontal status. Total cholesterol was higher in patients with chronic periodontitis than healthy periodontal status (p<0.001). The difference in HDL cholesterol was statistically non-significant between patients with chronic periodontitis and healthy periodontal status (p=0.963). Conclusion: Lipid level can be an indicator of periodontal disease and give more information to perform higher quality of examination. However, more studies are needed to strengthen the evidence for improving the medical check-up coverage.


Ti–Zr–Ni icosahedral quasicrystal powders (Ti-QC), prepared by mechanical alloying and then annealing in a vacuum furnace, were used as a novel filler material in polyamide 12 (PA12). The melt processability of the composite was studied using a Haake torque rheometer. This indicates that PA12/Ti-QC composites can be melt-processed into a wear-resistant material. Further, these composites, fabricated by compression molding, were tested in sliding wear against a polished bearing steel counterface. The results from wear testing show that the addition of Ti-QC filler to PA12 enhances wear resistance and reduces volume loss by half compared with neat PA12. Furthermore, it is found that the hardness of the composite increases with increasing content of Ti-QC filler. In addition, PA12/Ti-QC composites exhibit a slightly higher crystallization temperature and better thermal stability than PA12. These combined results demonstrate that Ti-QC filler may be a desirable alternative when attempting to increase the wear resistance of PA12.


Summary Larvae of Eumerus mucidus (Diptera: Syrphidae) are reported for the first time as boring channels in the fresh tubers and shoots of the holoparasitic plant Cistanche armena (K. Koch) M.V. Agab. (Orobanchaceae), causing damage and breakage. Field surveys conducted in southern Armenia in May 2016 and Jun 2017 revealed infestations of C. armena with the larvae of E. mucidus in 1 locality in Ararat province, near Khor Virap, in semi-desert habitats. A single Cistanche plant was parasitized by several Eumerus larvae, and 20 to 30% of the total population was infested. This is the first record of E. mucidus outside Egypt and Israel.


Extensions of Białynicki-Birula's cellular automaton are proposed for studies of the one-dimensional propagation of electromagnetic fields in Drude metals, as well as in both transparent, dispersive and lossy dielectrics. These extensions are obtained by representing the dielectrics with appropriate matter fields, such as polarization together with associated velocity fields. To obtain the different schemes for the integration of the resulting systems of linear partial differential equations, split-operator ideas are employed. Possible further extensions to two-dimensional propagation and for the study of left-handed materials are discussed. The stability properties of the cellular automaton treated as a difference scheme are analysed.


The article discusses the feasibility of combining two substations into a single complex or the use of two-transformer substations with unbalanced load curve of the enterprise, when it is beneficial to reduce the number of switched on transformers when the load drops. At the same time, power transformers are equipped with special reactor-thyristor devices for switching them on under load without a surge and asymmetry of inrush currents and voltage dips, switching off without arcing at the contacts of switches and maintaining the voltage of consumers in dynamic and stationary operating modes at a given level. The results of a study on a model in Matlab environment of two substation transformers with a capacity of 1000 kV·A and a voltage of 10 / 0.4 kV are presented.


This paper introduces hot potato high level synthesis transformation techniques. These techniques add deflection operations in a computation in such a way that a specific goal is optimized. We demonstrate how the requirements for two important components of the final implementation cost, registers and interconnects, are significantly reduced using new technique. It is also demonstrated how hot potato techniques can be effectively used during high level synthesis to minimize the partial scan overhead to make the synthesized design testable.


This book is quite interesting, and its approach is very original. But when one closes it, some dissatisfactions remain. Its conclusion is too weak, and the comparisons with contemporary thought and circumstances are not satisfactory. The achievement of a lifetime in the distant past is well understood in the present only if it is put into perspective accurately. Philippe LÉcrtvain, S. J. Centre Sèvres Paris


Objective To improve the knowledge of acute subdural hemorrhage located in the rare region. Methods 19 cases were examined within 1 day after trauma, 7 cases were examined within 2 to 3 days after trauma and follow-up CT scan was performed on 26 patients 1 to 4 weeks later. Results Bleeding only in subdural space cerebral falx or tentorium occurred in 7 and 5, 2 cases bleeding located in the base of frontotemporal region. 12 cases hemorrhage in cerebral falx or tentorium accompanyed with contusion of brain, intracranial hematom, subdural or subarachnoid hemorrhage. Subdural hemmtoma of cerebtal longitudinal fissure appeared as liear or bandlike hyperattenuation and was about 0.3 to 1.5 cm in thickness, subdural hemorrhage of tentorium findinged as patchy, crescent hyperattenuation. All of these lesion located in the same side of the cranial cavity. Conclusion Subdural hematoma of interhemipheric fissure, tentorum of cerebellum or the bottom frontotemporal lobe was a kind of subdural hemorrhage in special site, as soon as their CT appearances were knew, special subdural hematoma can be diagnosed, but should be diffrentiated from subarachnoid hemorrhage.


Manipulating objects at the micro and nano scale is still an open fascinating challenge that scientists are addressing by proposing different approaches to obtain machines with basic or complex functions. Combining shape changing polymers that differently respond to optical stimuli on the basis of the molecular alignment, together with 3D structuration at the microscale (with nanometric features), we demonstrated synthetic microrobots entirely powered by light. The arbitrary design allowed to mimic diverse animal and even humanoid tasks as walking, grabbing or manipulating objects, even overcoming natural limitations present at such small scale. Liquid crystalline networks offer the possibility to perform different movements depending on their molecular alignment and, controlling by light their elastic deformation, wireless activation of micro-machines was obtained. We report here how tuning intrinsic parameters, as the lithographic ones, and an external setting as the actuation power, it is possible to induce diverse deformations and time responses. Such results can be exploited to tailor the working mechanism and actuation speed of different micro robots. Engineering a proper structural design and combining different time responding materials would generate not reciprocal motion, basic and necessary property to achieve swimming at the microscale. This first technical demonstration paves the way to a micro swimmer fueled by light.


BASIC HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL CONTROL MEASURING METHODS ARE DISCUSSED. THE REMOTE BASE LINE METHOD IS SPECIFICALLY DESCRIBED. THIS METHOD IS BASED ON THE PRINCIPLE OF MATHEMATICALLY PASSING A CIRCULAR CURVE THROUGH THREE POINTS-- THE SETUP POINT OF THE ANGLE-MEASURING INSTRUMENT AND TACK POINTS IN TWO STATES, EACH CONSTITUTING AN END OF THE REMOTE BASE LINE. THE FOURTH MEASURING POINT IS A TACK IN A STAKE ON THE REMOTE BASE LINE SOMEWHERE BETWEEN ITS ENDS. THE FOURTH POINT IS NECESSARY FOR ACCOMPLISHING TWO ANGLE MEASUREMENTS REQUIRED FOR COMPUTING THE DISTANCE FROM THE POINT WHERE THE ANGLE-MEASURING INSTRUMENT IS SET UP TO THE REMOTE BASE LINE. ELECTRONIC METHODS OF COMPUTATION MAKE THE REMOTE BASE LINE METHOD MORE EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT THAN IT WAS WHEN COMPUTATION WAS MADE BY USE OF LOGARITHMS AND/OR DESK-TYPE CALCULATORS. THE ESSENTIAL SUPPLEMENTAL CONTROL DATA (HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL) ARE IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE IN USABLE FORMS FOR PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ACCOMPLISHMENT OF THE MAPPING AND FOR MAKING ALL OTHER MEASUREMENTS REQUIRED IN THE PERFORMANCE OF HIGHWAY ENGINEERING. THE PRINCIPLES AND EQUATIONS OF THE REMOTE BASE LINE METHOD ARE DISCUSSED AND ANALYZED.


The in vivo effectiveness of ribozymes strongly depends on the correct choice of the vector molecule. High levels of expression, stability, active conformation, and correct cellular localization are the most important features for a ribozyme vector. We have exploited the utilization of the Ul small nuclear RNA (snRNA) as a vector for specifically targeting a ribozyme into the nucleus. The Rev pre-mRNA of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 was chosen as target for testing the activity of the Ul-ribozyme. The catalytic core of the hammerhead motif, plus the recognition sequences, substituted the stem-loop III of the Ul snRNA. The resulting construct displays efficient cleavage activity in vitro. In addition, in the in vivo system of Xenopus laevis oocytes, the Ul-chimeric ribozyme accumulates in large amounts in the nucleus and produces a considerable reduction of Rev premRNA levels. The Rev-specific ribozyme was also inserted in a derivative of the Ul snRNA mutated in the region of pairing with the 5' splice site, such as to match it with the suboptimal splice junction of the Rev precursor. This construct shows more efficient reduction of Rev pre-mRNA in vivo than the wild-type Ul vector. The ability to target ribozymes to specific RNAs in vitro (1-3) has lead to the idea of exploiting their potential therapeutic value as antiviral agents in vivo. Indeed, several examples have been reported in which ribozymes have been used as antihuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) molecules (4-6), and in some cases protection against virus replication has been described in different human T-cell populations (7-10). One major problem related to the effectiveness of ribozymes is that while in test tubes, these molecules and their substrates can diffuse freely, whereas in cells RNAs are sorted to specific cellular locations. Viral RNAs are also specifically compartmentalized in vivo, and this feature may reduce their availability for ribozyme interaction. It has been demonstrated that the delivery of a ribozyme to the same cellular location as its target substrate strongly increases the effectiveness of the ribozyme (11). For this reason many efforts are now devoted to setting up new strategies for directing ribozymes to specific cellular compartments. In this paper we have developed a strategy for the efficient expression and compartmentalization of an hammerhead ribozyme inside the nucleus and for its specific targeting to a pre-mRNA. The target chosen for testing ribozyme activity is the Rev pre-mRNA of HIV, which undergoes a very peculiar posttranscriptional regulation (12-15). Ul small nuclear RNA (snRNA) was chosen as vector because it has nuclear localization and it is known to participate in the splicing reaction. The specificity of Ul snRNA interaction inside the spliceosome resides in its base pairing with the 5' splice junction of the substrate pre-mRNA. In Rev pre-mRNA this sequence is suboptimal (12) and, together with the 3' splice site (13), reduces splicing efficiency. To increase the specificity of the U1-ribozyme for the Rev pre-mRNA, mutations were introduced in the 5' splice site pairing region of Ul snRNA such as to match it with the suboptimal 5' junction of the Rev precursor. Altogether this strategy should confer three features to the ribozyme: (i) stability, (ii) nuclear localization, and (iii) increased substrate specificity for the Rev precursor. Ul RNA should carry the ribozyme on the Rev pre-mRNA, increasing the relative concentration of ribozyme and substrate, thus allowing efficient cleavage. In addition, the use of a Rev-specific Ul snRNA should increase the specificity of the Ul-ribozyme for the Rev precursor in comparison with all the other endogenous unmodified Ul RNA. We have tested the activity of these ribozymes in vitro and in Xenopus laevis oocytes, which represent an ideal in vivo system for the study of RNA compartmentalization and accumulation. We have found that the chimeric ribozymes are stable and correctly compartmentalize inside the nucleus where they produce a considerable reduction of Rev premRNA levels. The use of disabled ribozymes has allowed us to show that degradation is mainly due to catalytic cleavage rather than antisense effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS Construction of Ribozymes. The sequence of the hammerhead active and inactive core where derived from the studies of Uhlenbeck and Haseloff (2, 16, 17). The cleavage site of the Rev sequence corresponds to the C at position 5597 of the HIV genome (18). The Ul chimeric ribozymes (U1-Rz) were obtained by inverse PCR on the XlU1.340 clone containing the entire Ul RNA gene (19) or on its T7 derivative which allows in vitro transcription under the T7 promoter. Both clones were kindly provided by I. Mattaj (European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg). The oligonucleotides utilized are as follows: A, 5'-GGACTCATCA(G/C)AGACTCATCACGCAGGGGTCAGCACAACCGGA-3'; and B, 5'-GTGAGGACGAAACTGCCTTGACGACTGCATAATTTCTGGTAGT-3'. The degeneration of theA oligonucleotide allows the simultaneous construction of both the active (U1-Rz) and the inactive (Ul-Rzm) ribozymes. The following oligonucleotides were used for constructing the human chimeric ribozymes: A', 5'-GGACTCATCA(G/C)AGACTCATCGCAGGGGTCAGCACATCCGGA-3'; and B', 5'-GTGAGGACGAAAAbbreviations: snRNA, small nuclear RNA; U1-Rz, active Ul chimeric ribozymes; U1-Rzm, inactive Ul chimeric ribozymes; AdML, major late adenovirus. *To whom reprint requests should be addressed. e-mail: email@example.com. 7219 The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. 7220 Medical Sciences: Michienzi et al. CTGCCTTCGACTGCATAATTTGTGGTAGT-3'. UlRz-5' were obtained by inverse PCR on the U1-Rz and Ul-Rzm constructs by using oligonucleotides C (5'TGGGCAGGGGAGATACCATG-3') and D (5'-GTAAGTATGAGTTGAACAAG-3'). The ribozyme substitutes nucleotides 95-116 of the Ul snRNA sequence. The tRNA ribozyme was obtained by inverse PCR on a tRNApro gene (20) cloned into the EcoRI site of the Bluescript vector. The ribozyme substitutes nucleotides 30-33 of the tRNA. The oligonucleotides used are (i) 5'-GGACTCATCAGAGACTCATGAGAATCATACCACTAGACCAT-3', and (ii) 5'GTGAGGACGAAACTGCCTTTGGGTGCGAGAGGTCCCGGGTT-3'. Construction of Rev Substrates. A 2510-nt-long fragment, covering the first coding exon (76 nt), the entire intron (2330 nt), and 104 nt of the second coding exon of Rev was generated by PCR amplification of HIV clone BH10 (18). The oligonucleotides used are as follows: Rev-A, 5'-CCGAATTCATGGCAGGAAGAAGCGGA-3'; and Rev-B, 5'-AAGGATCCGTTCACTAATCGAATGGA-3'. The primers included the EcoRI and BamHI sites that allow the cloning in the corresponding sites of the pGEM-4Z (Promega) vector to generate clone pGEM-Rev. The BamHI digestion of this clone allows the in vitro transcription of the entire cloned sequences, while the AvaII digestion produces a template for the transcription of a 166-nt-long RNA (Rev-AvaII) that was used for the in vitro analysis of ribozyme activity. The same 2510-nt-long Rev region was inserted in the BamHI site of the 166pTCAT vector (21), between the X laevis L14 r-protein gene promoter and the simian virus 40 polyadenylylation site; the insert was obtained by PCR using the Rev-B and Rev-C (5'-CCGGATCCATGGCAGGAAGAAGCGGA-3') oligonucleotides, both including a BamHI site. This construct (L14-Rev) allows efficient expression of the fused sequences in a (poly)A+ RNA in X laevis oocytes (21). The template used for T7 transcription of the U6 snRNA was obtained by PCR amplification of the U6 X laevis gene kindly provided by E. Lund (University of Wisconsin, Madison). In Vitro Ribozyme Activity. Ribozymes and 32P-labeled substrate RNAs were in vitro transcribed from the corresponding T7 constructs. Ribozyme and substrate (150 nM and 50 nM, respectively, or 400 nM and 100 nM) in 50 mM Tris HCl (pH 7.5) were heated at 95°C for 2 min and cooled 5 min in ice. MgCl2 (10 mM) was added, and the reactions were allowed to proceed at 37°C or when specified at different temperature, for the indicated times. The RNA was analyzed on 6% polyacrylamide-7 M urea gels. Oocyte Microinjections. Plasmid DNAs, after purification on CsCl gradients, were dissolved in 80 mM NaCl and 10 mM Tris (pH 7.0) at a concentration of 400 ng/,ul and 10 nl were injected into the germinal vesicles of stage VIX laevis oocytes according to Caffarelli et al. (22). 32P-labeled U6 snRNA (300,000 cpm/pl) was coinjected as internal control. After incubation, RNA was extracted from total oocytes or from manually dissected nuclei (23). Northern blot analysis was performed with probes specific for Rev RNA and Ul snRNA (18, 19). AdML pre-mRNA is 253 nt long and covers part of the major late transcript of adenovirus; it is obtained by in vitro transcription of plasmid pAdML-Ail digested with ScaI (24). 32P-labeled AdML and U6 RNAs (respectively, 1.5 x 106 and 0.4 x 106 cpm/,ul) were coinjected in oocytes that were injected the night before with U1-Rz or Ul plasmid DNAs (4 ng/oocyte). Incubation was allowed to proceed for an additional hour; RNA was extracted and analyzed on a 6% polyacrylamide-urea gel. Immunoprecipitations with Sm antibodies (25 ,ul) were performed as described by Hamm et al. (25). RESULTS Construction of Ul snRNA Ribozymes. A 42-nt-long fragment, containing the catalytic core of the hammerhead ribozyme (17) plus flanking sequences complementary to the target site, was replaced to a 22-nt-long region of the stem-loop III ofX laevis Ul snRNA (position 95-116; see ref. 26). The choice of this region was dictated by the following reasons: (i) it does not participate in the binding of Sm proteins and of Ul-specific proteins that contribute to the correct compartmentalization of the mature Ul snRNP particle (26, 27), and (ii) it is not essential for the stability of the Ul snRNA (28). The


This study examined the relationship between work life balance and employee commitment in indigenous oil servicing companies in Rivers State. The study adopted a cross-sectional research survey design. Primary source was generated through self- administered questionnaire. The population of the study is 270 employees of twenty-four (24) selected indigenous oil servicing companies in Rivers State. The sample size of 161 was determined using the Taro Yamane's formula for sample size determination. The reliability of the instrument was achieved by the use of the Cronbach Alpha coefficient with all the items scoring above 0.70 selected. The hypotheses were tested using the Spearman's Rank Order Correlation Coefficient. The results of the analysed data revealed that there is a significant relationship between work environment and employee commitment in indigenous oil servicing companies in Rivers State. The study thus concludes that work life balance significantly influences employee commitment in indigenous oil servicing companies in Rivers State. Therefore, the study recommends that indigenous oil servicing companies should adopt policies that encourage work life balance practices such as flexible work arrangements, family responsibilities support, and wellness programs. The considerations of childcare, dependent care and allowing employees more time with their families which are issues that characterize employee's role at home should be encouraged. Keywords: Work Life Balance, Affective Commitment, Normative Commitment and Continuance Commitment


This study evaluates the efficacy of a mathematics intervention devised by Essex Educational Psychology Service (EPS), UK. The intervention was designed to develop understanding and skills across four key domains within arithmetical development, by applying the principles of errorless learning, distributed practice and teaching to mastery. A quasi-experimental design was used to investigate the success of the intervention in raising the level of arithmetical skills of lower achieving pupils up to National Curriculum Level 2. The results indicated that children engaging with the intervention made significantly more progress than children not engaging with the intervention, with ratio gains of 2.51 in arithmetical skills. In addition, gains were made in mathematical reasoning.


The article investigates the different types of cracks and kinetics of propagation of cracks in main structural components and welds of the support blocks of fixed offshore platforms. Describes the process of metal fatigue for offshore installations. The article provides methods for calculating of the stress intensity factor and describes the methods of calculation for some cases. Based on the analysis of scientific studies, the author provides methods allowing to calculate two parameters describing the kinetics of crack propagation in relation to the elements and welded joints of offshore fixed platforms, namely the methods of calculation of threshold and critical stress intensity factor. On the basis of the conducted research the author constructed the kinetic chart of the development of fatigue cracks in relation to the elements and welded joints of the supporting blocks of fixed offshore platforms. In addition, the author gives the equation in which it is possible to determine the growth rate of fatigue cracks in various areas of the kinetic diagram.


Aiming at the deficiency of bituminous mixtures water stability estimate method in present specifications in China,the water stability of multitype bituminous mixtures test pieces was analyzed by comparing freezing and thawing split tensile tests with immersion Marshall stability tests.Residual modulus is brought up to appraise the water stability of bituminous mixtures,and the residual modulus valve 0.85 was recommended.


and the creative models of the holiness which happens to be right for, and is the task of, their particular age' (p. 100), then should not a certain confidence in the Spirit, and in the Spirit-guided recognition of sanctity by the Church at large, replace a system of such inexorable complexity that, by the time that a man or woman is canonized, the particular needs of the Church may have changed. This is certainly not to suggest that 'the "old" saints are no longer topical, for the history of the spiritual means precisely that something becomes real in order to remain, not in order to disappear again' (p. 100), but it does suggest that the speedy official recognition of the sanctity of Pope John, Bishop Bekkers or Franz Jagerstlitter, is a more urgent task than the canonization of say, some eighteenth-century nun whose memory is recalled only in edifying conferences given to the inmates of her order. It was remarked earlier that the received 'language' of 'the spiritual life' simply does not work for, communicate to, an increasing number of people. This does not mean that the problems which this language has traditionally been concerned with are unimportant today; it means that, precisely by focusing on these problems from within our theological perspectives, we have to produce a viable language with which to discuss them. In the meantime, it remains true that the 'old' language, which for so long had droit de eire, continues to affect many current theological debates (on the meaning and function of liturgical prayer, for example) more deeply than many of us might at first sight be inclined to admit. For this reason, the employment of the old language by a man of Rahner's sanity and intellectual precision (I am thinking especially of the essays entitled: 'Reflections on the Problem of the Gradual Ascent to Christian Perfection', and 'Some Thoughts on "A Good Intention" '), could make a far more considerable contribution to the contemporary theological debate than the titles of these essays might suggest at first sight.


Communication skills are vitally important for the healthcare assistant (HCA). The HCA works in a team and cares for vulnerable people who may, because of illness or distress, have difficulty in communicating. Communicating effectively enables the HCA to work well in a team and to ensure that the voice of the patient is heard. Communication is a skill that we all take for granted, yet misunderstandings are common. This article aims to analyse different components of communication and to enable the reader to understand the components of communication and how to improve communication skills.


The privatisation process has already seven years of experience in Croatia. It was in 1991 when first legislative framework came out focused primarily on transformation on socially owned assets into transparent ownership. Socially owned enterpsises represented at that time nearly 90% of the Croatians' Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Ownership transformation is and is still strongly managed by the state. At least three phases of privatisation process can be fully observed. This work will concentrate on the third phase. The new privatisation Law came up in 1996 and the Croatian parliament passed the restitution law in the same year up in 1996 after some delay. Along this process, the voucher privatisation programme began, i.e. 'mini' mass privatisation programe during the 1997. In here, some of the first results are examined. There is a general economic opinion that the privatisation process in the next two years will depend on the success of the mass privatisation programme. The focus of this study is a contribution on the understanding on the mass privatisation programme for the future privatisation development in Croatia.


The paper concentrates on the burgeoning growth of entrepreneurial ventures tried out by young women entrepreneurs in the city of Hyderabad, the capital of the youngest state of India. The paper intends to provide an insight into the various ventures tried out by the women entrepreneurs, their challenges and prospects and the techniques of marketing adopted by them. Another objective of the paper was to determine the various avenues of financing chosen by these entrepreneurs, the ease or not of raising the same and its overall impact on their financial performance. The goal of the paper was to understand, whether the enthusiastic young entrepreneurs have objectively planned for the successive rounds of expansion and the major challenges faced by them in the process. Also, the paper aims to determine whether these ventures taken up by the women entrepreneurs are inspired by the lead formally launched by the Indian prime minister's Start Up India Initiative. Exploring this area will be of substantial interest to the potential women entrepreneurs and other stakeholders.


Development Credit Agreement (Trade Facilitation and Productivity Improvement Project) between the Republic of Honduras and the International Development Association (with schedules and General Conditions Applicable to Development Credit Agreements dated 1 January 1985, as amended through 6 October 1999). Tegucigalpa, 27 January 2004


Industrial robots are mostly designed for tasks where working conditions are well known and do not change over time. However, there are many examples where robots require vision sensor-based control in order to perform complex operations and react to changes in the environment. Other areas where there is need for combining vision sensors with manipulators are quality inspection tasks of large or complex structured objects. The paper presents an overview of the methods used in robotic vision systems, taking into account their specific requirements and advantages. Experimental studies of a selected 2D/3D sensors mounted on industrial manipulators are presented including analysis of collected 3D points clouds. Additionally, a system of a reconfigurable manipulator that interchangeably uses various sensors and tools in complex inspection tasks is presented.


Feature interactions are common when composing a software unit out of several features. We report on two experimental approaches using logic to describe features and feature interactions. The first approach proposes description logic as a formalization of feature models which allow reasoning about features. In the second approach, a metalevel representation of the software is proposed to capture conditions on features. These conditions are written in terms of the software's implementation providing a uniform formalism that can be applied to any software unit.


3 substrate, in addition to the possibility of the optical generation of graphene plasmons. It was determined that the conventional wet transfer technique was inadequate to transfer the graphene onto the nano-rods. Therefore, a modified transfer technique was utilised, with a significant improvement in the graphene coverage observed. Optical characterisation of the nano-rods using Fourier transform infrared reflectance spectroscopy indicated the excitation of localised surface phonon polaritons, while no evidence was observed in the graphene reflectance spectra of the generation of graphene plasmons.


This paper deals with the application of a well-known data mining technique, multi-layer back-propagation neural network, for forecasting of an avalanche in Himalayan region. Metrological and snow data for Himalayan region has been used for training the neural network. EasyNN-plus 6.0g, neural network software for Microsoft windows, is used for the development of an optimal neural networkPUSHPDEV. The system tries to model the decision making process of a pragmatic expert. PUSHPDEV can forecast whether an avalanche will trigger on a particular day from November to April. The network accepts eighteen inputs and produces an output whose value is zero or one, zero for no avalanche and one for avalanche on that day.


Queensland has been seen as not only the heartland of labour but also of cultural uniformity and an 'authoritarianism, uninhibited by a middle-class liberal tradition'.1 This was especially so in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries when business interests dominated the Queensland parliament, particularly during the Premierships of Thomas Mcllwraith (1879-83,1888,1893) and Robert Philp (1899-1903,1907-08).2 One consequence of this authoritarian legacy was the harsh repression of labour unrest, particularly during the 1890s strikes and again in 1912. Another was a political commitment by the dominant conservative forces to a rigorous enforcement of law and order. The evidence for this repressive role is all too clear but as we tried to suggest in the first part of this article generalisations about law and order, social control and policing gloss over the complex role of policing in particular social contexts. Queensland police were just as prone as police in other regions to ignore certain infractions, enforce others harshly, become the recipients of bribes and be torn between the demands of central police authorities and those of influential locals. Policing in Queensland was not unremittingly harsh but selective and varied. In this part of the article we propose to examine evidence for the different ways in which Queensland police managed the social order. While general crime statistics point to similarities in policing strategies in Queensland and those elsewhere, local conditions inflected policing priorities. These statistics tend to disguise significant regional and social differences in the patterns of policing. Our task here is to investigate these differences by examining in some detail the policing experience in Queensland before 1914. Our concern is with three main questions: First, what is the evidence for regional and social differences in policing patterns in late colonial Queensland? Secondly, if regional and social differences exist, are they to be explained in terms of social historical causes or in terms of legal or bureaucratic features of policing practices, or some mixture of both? Finally, in reverting to the problem addressed at the start of the article, what are the implications of this analysis for historical


Turning the current experimental plasma accelerator state-of-the-art from a promising technology into mainstream scientific tools depends critically on high-performance, high-fidelity modeling of complex processes that develop over a wide range of space and time scales. As part of the U.S. Department of Energy's Exascale Computing Project, a team composed of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, SLAC Accelerator National Laboratory and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory researchers is developing a new open-source plasma accelerator simulation tool. The new software will harness the power of future exascale supercomputers for the exploration of outstanding questions in the physics of acceleration and transport of particle beams in chains of plasma channels. This will benefit the ultimate goal of compact and affordable high-energy physics colliders, and many spinoff applications of plasma accelerators along the way. We give an update on some of the code latest developments and discuss future plans.


The application of blend of modified chlorosulfonyl-polyethylene rubber(MCSM) and styrene butadiene rubber(SBR) in the inner liner of passenger car radial tire was studied.The results showed that,using MCSM and SBR to partially replace chlorinated butyl rubber and natural rubber in the inner liner compound,the physical properties and air tightness changed little,the processability met the production requirements,the properties of finished tire met the requirements of national standards,and the production cost was reduced.


Reconstructions of palaeo‐sea level are vital for predicting future sea level change and constraining palaeo‐ice sheet reconstructions, as well as being useful for a wide array of applications across Quaternary Science. Previous reconstructions of the palaeo‐sea level of Britain and Ireland relied on a circular tuning of glacio‐isostatic models: input ice sheet thicknesses and extents were iteratively altered to fit relative sea level data. Here we break that circularity by utilizing new data from the BRITICE‐CHRONO project, which constrains the position of the British–Irish ice sheet margin through time, and we compare derived glacio‐isostatic modelling to the rich relative sea level record. We test a combination of plausible ice thickness scenarios which account for the uncertainty of ice margin position over the North Sea, demonstrating the region where regional sea level data could distinguish between different glaciation scenarios. Our optimal reconstruction is then combined with several global‐scale reconstructions. As the signal of the British–Irish Ice Sheet is constrained, we demonstrate how the relative sea level record of Britain and Ireland can be used to test reconstructions of far‐field ice sheets (e.g. Antarctica, Eurasia and the Laurentide). The derived palaeo‐topography data are likely to be useful for multiple disciplines. Finally, our improved method of sea level reconstruction impacts predictions of contemporary vertical land motion.


This study presents an investigation of the wave propagation of a rectangular sandwich composite plate with tunable magneto-rheological fluid core. The constituent parts of this rectangular sandwich composite plate are the base layer, magneto-rheological fluid core, and limiter layer. Magneto-rheological fluid core is embedded within the base and limiter layers. Also, the upper and lower layers are made of elastic materials. For obtaining the governing equations of motion, Hamilton's principle and classical plate theory are used. After that, applying an analytical solution, the wave frequency and phase velocity of the propagated waves can be gained by solving eigenvalue problem. By investigating the effect of the magnetic field, the results emphasize that the magnetic field intensity is the most important factor for changing the value of the wave frequency and phase velocity. Besides, results show by enhancing the core-to-top layer thickness ratio, the wave frequencies reduce because magneto-rheological fluid core is softer in comparison to elastic layers. Therefore, magneto-rheological fluid layer operates similar to a damper. At the end, the influence of the thickness of magneto-rheological fluid core on the phase velocity is also discussed.


Goligher JC. Recent trends in the practice of sphincter-saving excision for rectal cancer. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1979;61:169-76. 2 Heald RJ. Towards fewer colostomies-the impact of circular stapling devices on the surgery of rectal cancer in a district hospital. Br37 Surg 1980 ;67:198-200. 3 Miles WE. A method of performing abdominoperineal excision for carcinoma of rectum and of the terminal portion of the pelvic colon. Lancet 1908;ii:1812-3. Goligher JC, Dukes CE, Bussey HJR. Local recurrences after sphinctersaving excisions for carcinoma of the rectum and rectosigmoid. Br 7 Suirg 1951;39:199-211. 5 Garlock JH, Ginzburg L. An appraisal of the operation of anterior resection for carcinoma of rectum and rectosigmoid. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1950;90: 525-34. Gunderson LL, Sosin H. Areas of failure found at reoperation (second or symptomatic look) following "curative surgery" for adenocarcinoma of the rectum. Clinicopathologic correlation and implications for adjuvant therapy. Cancer 1974;34:1278-92. Grage TB, Hill GJ, Cornell GN, Frelick RW, Moss SE. Adjuvant chemotherapy in large-bowel cancer: demonstration of effectiveness of single agent chemotherapy in a prospectively controlled, randomized trial. Recent Results Cancer Res 1978;68:222-30. 8 Morgan N. The rectum and anus. In: Aird I, ed. Companion in surgical studies. Edinburgh: E and S Livingstone, 1957:902-43. 9 Anderson JM. Chemoradiotherapeutic prevention of local recurrence after stapled anastomoses in rectal cancer. Scott MedJ' 1981;26:21-3. 10 Roswit B, Higgins GA, Humphrey E, Robinette CD. Preoperative irradiation of operable adenocarcinoma of the rectum and rectosigmoid colon. Radiology 1973;108:389-95. t Stevens KR, Allen CV, Fletcher WS. Preoperative radiotherapy for adenocarcinoma of the rectosigmoid. Cancer 1976;37:2866-74.


DSR Protocol offers a very effective routing mechanism in Wireless Mesh Networks. But the performance deteriorates when network is subjected to large amount of traffic. In this paper we have proposed modifications in DSR protocol, wherein congestion in the network is controlled by reducing the RREQ packet retransmission by the source node, and reducing the number of dropped packets by managing buffer space. Simulations done of Qualnet Network Simulator shows significant improvement in throughput, and reduction in number of packets dropped, and jitter.


The article discusses the image of divine love in modern Uzbekstories. For the first time in the poetics of the short stories "Mezon" and "HazratAttor" the love industry is covered by observing the essence of the artistic image.


Objective: To determine the four trace elements,such as Manganese,Copper,Zinc and Ferrum in herba asari of Mount Hua.Methods: The medicines were digested by HNO3 and HClO4 with the ratio of 4 ∶ 1.The four trace elements were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry.Results: Each of Manganese,Copper,Zinc and Ferrum in herba asari was 143.21 μg / g、 7.01 μg / g、99.21 μg / g、1131.21 μg / g。Conclusions: The four medicines content rich trace elements.The recover ratio was between 94% and 107%.


Summary In this paper, based on the natural boundary reduction method advanced bu Feng and Yu, we are concerned with a domain decomposition method with nonmatching grids for a certain nonlinear interface problem in unbounded domains. We first discuss a new coupling of finite element and boundary element by adding an auxiliary circle. Then we use a dual basis multipier on the interface to provide the numerical analysis with nonmatching grids. Finally, we give some numerical examples further to confirm our theoretical results.


Bandwidth struggles and non-optimal internet networks can result in connection problems, such as slow connections and allowing users not to connect to the internet. therefore it is necessary to optimize computer networks to be able to maximize service to users, both used to find information, download and upload data. This study uses the Queue Tree and PCQ methods which aim to optimize computer networks at SMKN 1 Sumbawa Besar and improve the quality of computer networks in terms of delay, jitter, throughput, and packet loss. This type of research is qualitative and quantitative research. Research methods include data collection (observation, interviews, literature study), analysis, design, implementation, and testing. Based on the test results after using the Queue Tree and PCQ methods, the average values of delay, jitter, throughput, and packet loss are more optimal than before applying the Queue Tree and PCQ methods. The delay measurement in data rate before applying the Queue Tree and PCQ methods is 1414925 m/s and after applying the Queue Tree and PCQ average delay is 3,165 ms. Test Jitter on the data rate before applying Queue Tree and PCQ methods is 1414957 ms and after applying the queue tree and PCQ jitter is 3,164 ms, Throughput on data rates before applying the Queue Tree and PCQ methods is 5043 kbps and after applying the queue tree and PCQ throughput is 2486 kbps, Test packet loss on data rates before applying the Queue Tree and PCQ methods is 7,911% and after applying the queue tree and PCQ methods is 0,030%.


The main subject of the SCOPE (cross-Scale COupling in the Plasma universE) mission examined by ISAS/JAXA is to inves-tigate the cross-scale coupling physics of the plasma in the magnetosphere and interplanetary space by using 5 spacecrafts. The total weight of the spacecrafts is severely limited due to the limitation of the capability of the launch vehicle. It is required to further reduce the resources of the payload instruments to achieve the mission. undertake the signal processing, devises studies, digital-type fluxgate magnetometers successfully the power good measurement accuracy. the preamplifier (AMP) and the Band-Pass Filter (BPF) in the electronics circuit of the digital types should be built by discrete analog devices. Moreover, digital-to-analog and analog-to-digital converters are built by the commercial IC chips, and hard to be reduced in size. an AMP and a BPF. The gain of the amplifier is controlled (2, 3, ... ,10 times) by the external signals given to the ASIC. The BPF is the second-order Butterworth filter and the center frequency can be precisely adjusted to 22 kHz, the frequency of the fluxgate sensor output signal, by adjusting the external resistor. The performance and the temperature dependence of the designed circuit were evaluated by the circuit simulator. The output dynamic range is 0.24 F.S.(corresponding to 1.2 V). The frequency characteristic of the BPF satisfies the requirement. The noise density in the output signal is less than 600 nV/Hz 1 / 2 at 1 Hz(corresponding to 2 pT/Hz 1 / 2 ) in the temperature range between -30 degrees C and 50 degrees C. The simulation results indicated that the overall performance of the designed ASIC satisfies the requirements. We experimentally examined the characteristic performance of the ASIC chip. In our presentation, we will focus on the eval-uation results of the ASIC performance. Plasma filling the space is very rarefied. Ions and electrons in space plasma don't exchange their kinetic energy through their collision but through plasma waves. Hence observing plasma wave is essential for measuring space electromagnetic environment. The characteristics of plasma waves appear especially in the frequency range below electron plasma frequencies, which are typically a few tens of MHz at maximum in the terrestrial magnetosphere. On the other hand, the signal dynamic range of plasma waves is very wide. There exist plasma waves with their intensities of a few uV/m to a few hundreds of mV/m. Then the plasma observation device should have high sensitivity as well as a wide dynamic range in wide frequency bands. The device of observing plasma waves is so-called plasma wave receiver. In order to achieve the above requirements to the frequency range, the sensitivity, and the dynamic range, typical plasma wave receivers tend to be large because they need large analog circuits such as filters and amplifiers. However, recent space missions require miniaturization of onboard observation device in order to reduce mass and power budgets. Plasma wave receivers cannot run away from the miniaturization of their analogue circuits. In this study, we will try to miniaturize the plasma observation receiver using ASIC(Application Specific Integrate Circuit). SFA(Sweep Frequency Analyzer) and WFC(Wave Form Capture) are used in plasma observation device. The SFA is one type of spectrum analyzer, which has poor time resolution and fine frequency resolution. The SFA is a double super heterodyne receiver and operate frequency conversion two times. In usual SFA, we swept the frequency very finely, so it takes long time to sweep all frequency and time resolution becomes worse. However, SFA which we design operate A/D conversion and FFT after sweeping frequency roughly. By using this method, we can realize both good frequency resolution and good time resolution. Thus we need to implement a frequency synthesizer, mixer, and band pass filter inside an ASIC chip. We developed test circuits of the each component and evaluated their performance. On the other hand, the WFC observes plasma waves in the time domain. It provides phase information of the observed plasma waves. Then the WFC should be calibrated in its phase as well as its gain. The transfer functions of the electric field sensors strongly depend on the surrounding plasma conditions. Because the change of transfer functions affect observed waveforms, we need to measure transfer function by onboard system in space. We realized miniaturization of waveform receiver, measurement system and preamplifier using analog ASIC and developed the miniaturized waveform receiver with the built-in preamplifier and onboard measurement system. In the present paper, we show our attempts in developing both types of ASIC, i.e., SFA chip and WFC chip. The Atmospheres, Ionospheres and Magnetospheres of planets change with various time scale. The prominent example is auroral phenomena on the planets including Jupiter. Especially, infrared H3+ emissions are suitable for long-term observation because only the IR emissions are observable at the ground through the optical-window at the 2 um or 4 um. The time limitation of space telescopes such as HST and the largest ground-based telescopes such as SUBARU make it difficult to observe long-term variation of the planetary phenomena. So, it is the only solution to probe the temporal variation of planetary aurorae that uses the small- to mid-size own telescope for longer machine-times combined with own IR instrument. Our group has been developing the infrared imager which widely available to planetary observation (Takahashi, 2005; Kobuna, 2008; Kitami, 2010) and the infrared echelle spectrometer (Uno, 2009), as a primary goal to conduct monitoring of Jupiter's magnetosphere from observations of aurora of Jupiter and volcanic Io activity. These devices are both using an InSb array sensor of 256x256 pixel, with high sensitivity in the 1-5 um. The infrared imager is a refractive optical system using achromatic lens. Infrared narrow band filter, of which center wavelength is 3.414 um and half-width about10 nm, is installed onto the filter turret for the observations of infrared H3+ aurora. On the infrared echelle spectrometer, it adopts the reflective optics with parabolic mirrors, and its wavelength resolution is about 20,000. These will be install on our Tohoku University 60 cm telescope at the summit of Mt. Haleakala in Hawaii (operations will be started In order to study terrestrial or planetary plasma environment in situ low-energy ion measurements are indispensable and thus have been done by a variety of ion analyzers. Detailed studies of plasma characteristics demand mass analyses as well as energy analyses. In case of measuring a variety of ions originating from planetary atmospheres, we need to measure the ion composition with high mass resolution. Although we have achieved the measurements of the ion composition by mass analyzers around planetary environment, higher mass resolution is now needed in order to distinguish heavy species and isotopes. For the future isotope measurements around moons, planets and asteroids, we are developing a high-mass-resolution mass analyzer. One of our scientific objects is to measure the Martian atmospheric escape and evolution. Mass resolution (m/dm) of 100 is generally needed for the isotope analysis of planetary particles. However the Martian atmospheric escape and evolution science requires m/dm > 3,000 to discriminate N2 from CO. Low-energy particle measurement group of ISAS has developed a time-of-flight(TOF) ion mass analyzer with mass resolution of about 20 for KAGUYA, which succeeded in measuring ions originating from the lunar exosphere and surface. It is also preparing a TOF mass analyzer with mass resolution of 40 for the BepiColombo mission. Multi-turn TOF mass spectrom-eters(MULTUM), where ions are stored in a fixed orbit within electrostatic sectors and allowed to propagate the same orbit numerous times, have been developed by Osaka Univ. mass spectrometry group. One of the MULTUM series achieves the mass resolution over 30000 with the size of 20cm x 20cm. We have prepared a test model of the ion optics of the isotope analyzer which employs the MULTUM technique. We are also developing a pulsive high voltage power supply(HVPS) for the test model of the ion optics. We will report test results of the MULTUM optics and the HVPS performance. Neutral Mass Spectrometer (NMS) has been onboard several satellites and sounding rockets to observe neutral upper atmosphere of the Earth and other planets. However physical processes of neutral atmosphere are not fully understood because of limitations of observation time and NMS capabilities to observe neutral particle motion such as wind or temperature. Since in almost NMSs quadrupole mass spectrometer was applied to analyze particle species, it is difficult to obtain information on detailed velocity distributions for specific species. Neutral particles interact with plasma through collisions with ions in the upper atmosphere. Behavior of neutral particle motion thus varies by conditions in the ionosphere or the magnetosphere. In order to understand physical processes of neutral atmosphere response to the ionosphere and magnetosphere variation, it is necessary to achieve velocity distribution function for each atmosphere species. We are developing new NMS which is called Atmospheric Neutral Analyzer (ANA). In ANA, radio frequency (RF) electric field is applied for mass analysis. After ionization of incident neutral particles, the particles are uniformed in a certain energy perpendicular to the entrance slit plane and then the particles through RF fields in three times. While passing through RF sections, the velocity perpendicular to the entrance slit plane is accelerated or decelerated by RF fields, and only particles with specific mass which have the resonant velocity can gain maximum energy in comparison with other particles. The particles whic


The mail merger is a deluxe function that the WORD provides,withdrawing data from the data source document of place, putting on the position for specifying of the subjective file convenient door,chasing database record and text thus to combine together originally.To a batch of texts file, if it the main contents is basic homology, only some datas have a dissimilarity, can use mail merger future life so, this text with student's report card fill in for example, introduction mail merger function of concrete application.


Data from a crossbreeding experiment were analysed to compare various breeds in a tropical environment. Data included male fertility (scrotal circumference at yearling age (YSC) and at 18 months of age (FSC)), female fertility (calving success (CS) and days to calving (DTC)), and calf survival (survival of calf up to 1 week after birth (WKS) and up to weaning (PWS)) traits. Male fertility traits were analysed as traits of the progeny generation, whereas female fertility and calf survival traits were analysed as traits of the dam (parental generation). Tropically adapted British breed bulls and taurine crossbreds (British × Sanga) had higher YSC and FSC than Zebu and its crosses when adjusted for their body weights. Large negative direct and maternal additive effects on scrotal circumference for Zebu relative to the British breed also suggested reduced scrotal circumference and fertility in Zebu and Zebu-derived crosses. Direct dominance effects for YSC and FSC were only significant when an adjustment for body weight was not included in the model, emphasising that the heterosis observed was only due to the increased body weight. In general, CS was higher in non-lactating cows and maiden heifers than in lactating cows. The advantage to crossbred genotypes was more pronounced in lactating cows. Among lactating purebreds, CS was significantly ( P< 0.05) higher in Belmont Adaptaur (Hereford-Shorthorn, HS) than in Belmont Red (AX), Belmont Brahman cross (BX), and Brahman (Bh). Lactating crossbreds with a common dam breed of HS, AX, BX, and Bh had 19, 33, 21, and 14% greater CS than their respective purebreds. Boran-sired crossbred dams had higher CS than Brahman- sired crossbreds, indicating higher fertility levels of Borans. Significant direct dominance effect for CS in lactating taurine-indicine crosses and in non-lactating taurine-taurine crosses signifies the importance of use of appropriate breed crosses in improving female fertility. Significantly negative (desirable) direct dominance effects for DTC in indicine-indicine and taurine-indicine crosses suggest an advantage from crossbreeding in achieving early calvings. High mortalities were recorded in calves born to HS dams from matings with Brahman bulls due to dystocia. This resulted in low WKS and PWS for HS dam breeds. All additive and dominance effects for calf survival traits were non-significant except for the direct dominance effect in taurine-indicine crosses for PWS. Moderate percentage heterosis estimates in lactating cows for CS and desirable, significant, but low percentage heterosis estimates for DTC were observed. Percentage heterosis estimates for calf survival traits were low and non-significant.


1. Serum proteins were studied in 106 children ranging from 3 to 14 years using a modification of Laurell9s method of quantitative immunoelectrophoresis. 2. Quantitative values are given for eleven proteins, viz.: α 1 lipoprotein, α 1 antitrypsin, α 1 easily precipitable glycoprotein, α 1 group specific component, α 2 macroglobulin, caeruloplasmin, haptoglobin, transferrin, haemopexin, β lipoprotein, and β 1 AC(C3). 3. There were no significant differences in protein levels between the sexes, and no correlation between age and protein level within the age range studied. 4. The values were also compared with those of infants aged 6–12 months, young adults of 16–25 years, and adults of 16–65 years.


The association between apo E isoforms and insulin output during the oral glucose test (OGTT) in 60 non‐diabetic, non‐obese patients with essential hypertension and in control subjects (non‐obese, non‐diabetic normotensive subjects) was estimated.


BACKGROUND
Long surfactant phospholipids are altered during sepsis; the role of surfactant apoproteins is unknown. This study investigates the effect of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) on surfactant functional effectiveness and apoprotein transcriptional activity with or without T3 replacement.

METHODS
Male Sprague Dawley rats underwent sham laparotomy or CLP with or without T3 replacement. Lung compliance, surfactant adsorption, and surface tension were measured with a surfactometer. Surfactant apoproteins A, B, and C (SP-A, SP-B, SP-C) mRNA was quantified by Northern blot analysis.

RESULTS
Lung compliance was significantly decreased by sepsis; initial surface tension and adsorption values in CLP animals reflected apoprotein dysfunction. Sepsis decreased SP-A mRNA levels and increased SP-B mRNA; SP-C mRNA were unchanged. T3 treatment improved compliance, adsorption, and ST isotherms in septic animals.

CONCLUSION
T3 attenuated sepsis-induced surfactant dysfunction and SP-A and SP-B transcriptional changes during sepsis. This suggests an interaction between the thyroid, surfactant apoproteins, and lung surfactant functional effectiveness and requires further study.


An independent studies programme (ISP) in the basic medical sciences has been developed at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry which involves‐sixteen students as a learning team working with ten medtcal teachers as a teaching team. The teachers serve as guides to learning rather than as sources of expert information and function as generalists their educational roles. The programme, which is preferred by some students, has provided an alternative to the lecture‐laboratory‐conference format of the traditional curriculum. Some of the advantages of such an ISP are discussed and its effectiveness assessed.


Background. Concentration of a prostate specific antigen (PSA) in blood serum considerably increases in case of development of a prostate adenocarcinoma, in tens and hundreds times exceeding extreme values of the range of the determined concentration for all existing diagnostic test systems that limits possibilities of their application for the purpose of systematic monitoring of a condition of patients and efficiency of the treatment. At the same time, change of standard algorithm of accomplishment of the laboratory analysis stated in in-structions to the relevant test systems allows to expand the range of the determined concentration of the PSA significantly. Objective. The present research is executed for the purpose of creation of algorithm of quantitative detection of the total PSA concentration in blood serum specimens by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) suitable at the same time for primary laboratory diagnostics, screening and systematic monitoring of a condition of patients with the verified diagnosis of a prostate adenocarcinoma. methods . In present investigation serially made EIA-kits for quantitative determination of level of a total PSA blood serum specimens certified by the Russian Ministry of Health for clinical laboratory diagnostics are used. In research samples of blood serum of almost healthy donors, and also patients with not tumoral diseases of a prostate, and also patients with the verified diagnosis of a prostate adenocarcinoma, including in a stage of a dissemination of tumoral process were applied. Results . It is shown that linearity of the defined concentration of the total PSA at consecutive two-fold dilutions of blood serum samples by the "zero" standard remains dilution up to 1024 times that allows to execute correctly measurement of total PSA level in the range up to 30 000 ng/ml. Conclusion . The simple algorithm of performance of quantitative detection of PSA by EIA at patients with a prostate adenocarcinoma is developed and approved.


It was therefore a historical necessity that the man with whom the history of the idea of raison d'état in the modern Western world begins and from whom Machiavellism takes its name, had to be a heathen; he had to be a man to whom the fear of hell was unknown, and who on the contrary would set about his lifework of analyzing the essence of raison d'état with all the naivety of the ancient world. Friedrich Meinecke


To set up quality control group and analyze the reasons which caused the low degree of satisfaction of ophthalmology outpatients on nursing, and formulate the strategy accordingly. Then, the degree of satisfaction of outpatients was improved greatly and arrived at 95% above. Quality control group could promote every member to participate in and improve the quality of nursing, improve the degree of satisfaction of ophthalmology outpatients.

Key words:
Nursing management; Quality control group; Degree of satisfaction


This paper introduces a new technique for block is matching motion estimation. Since the temporal correlation of the image sequence, the motion vector of a block is highly related to the motion vector of the same coordinate block in the previous image frame. If we can obtain useful and enough information from the motion vector of the same coordinate block of the previous frame, the total number of search points used to find the motion vector of the current block may be reduced significantly. Using that idea, an efficient predicted direction search algorithm (PDSA) for block matching algorithm is proposed. Based on the direction of the blocks of the two successive previous frames, if the direction of the to successive blocks is same, the first search point of the proposed PDSA is moved two pixels to the direction of the block. The searching process after moving the first search point is processed according to the fixed search patterns. Otherwise, full search is performed with search area 2. Simulation results show that PSNR values are improved up to the 3.4dB as depend on the image sequences and improved about 1.5dB on an average. Search times are reduced about 20% than the other fast search algorithms. Simulation results also show that the performance of the PDSA scheme gives better subjective picture quality than the other fast search algorithms and is closer to that of the FS(Full Search) algorithm.


Recent studies of the teaching and learning process have shown that learners tend to receive and process information in different ways. This study was conducted to explore the impact of matching instructional strategies to the learners learning styles, considering their cultural background in the teaching of Electricity and Magnetism among Grade 11 physical science learners in schools around Mthatha. To achieve the intended objective and to answer the research question "what impact does the learners" learning style preferences have on learners" academic achievements", a total of 205 physical science learners were sampled for the study. A purposive convenience sampling technique was used to select four schools from the target population. A non-experimental quantitative exploratory design was adopted for the study. Physical Science Achievement Test and Index of Learning Style Questionnaire were the main instruments used for gathering the data. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including an independent sample ttest together with multiple regression analysis. The result indicates that, the four learning style categories combined did not contribute significantly to the academic achievement of the grade 11 learners in electricity and magnetism at the four high schools in Mthatha.


Moving proteins across a membrane can be tricky. Much as the postman has to deliver the mail without letting the dog out, proteins must be translocated while preventing movement of ions across the membrane. Some proteins will fit through the "mail slot" of Sec-mediated protein transport, where


The rupture of the Fundão dam, in Brazil, released tons of mining tailings into the Doce River basin (DRB). This investigation aimed to determine the bioaccumulation of metals in soft tissues of the bivalve Corbicula fluminea exposed to sediments collected in the DRB in four periods (just after, 1, 3, and 3.5 years after the dam rupture). In the exposure bioassays, the concentrations of Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in sediments and bivalve soft tissues were quantified. The concentration of some elements (As, Cd, Mn, Al) in sediments exceeded the federal limits or regional backgrounds at some sampling sites, but their concentrations tended to decrease along time. However, higher concentrations of many elements were detected in the winter 2019. Several elements were detected in C. fluminea soft tissues, but the bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) were generally low or not related with those elements associated with the ore tailings, evidencing that the bioavailability of metals to bivalves, in laboratorial conditions, was limited. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;00:0-0. © 2023 SETAC.


The C‐terminal domain of the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase α subunit (αCTD) plays a key role in transcription initiation at many activator‐dependent promoters. This domain is connected to the N‐terminal domain by an unstructured linker, which is proposed to confer a high degree of mobility on αCTD. To investigate the role of this linker in transcription activation we tested the effect of altering the linker length on promoters dependent on the cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP). Short deletions within the α linker decrease CRP‐dependent transcription at a Class I promoter while increasing the activity of a Class II promoter. Linker extension impairs CRP‐dependent transcription from both promoters, with short extensions exerting a more marked effect on the Class II promoter. Activation at both classes of promoter was shown to remain dependent upon activating region 1 of CRP. These results show that the response to CRP of RNA polymerase containing linker‐modified α subunits is class specific. These observations have important implications for the architecture of transcription initiation complexes at CRP‐dependent promoters.


Huge amounts of various web items such as keywords, images, and web pages are being made widely available on the Web. The popularities of such web items continuously change over time, and mining temporal patterns in popularities of web items is an important problem that is useful for several web applications. For example, the temporal patterns in popularities of search keywords help web search enterprises predict future popular keywords, enabling them to make price decisions when marketing search keywords to advertisers. However, presence of millions of web items makes it difficult to scale up previous techniques for this problem. This paper proposes an efficient method for mining temporal patterns in popularities of web items. We treat the popularities of web items as time-series, and propose gapmeasure to quantify the similarity between the popularities of two web items. To reduce the computation overhead for this measure, an efficient method using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is presented. We assume that the popularities of web items are not necessarily following any probabilistic distribution or periodic. For finding clusters of web items with similar popularity trends, we propose to use a density-based clustering algorithm based on the gap measure. Our experiments using the popularity trends of search keywords obtained from the Google Trends web site illustrate the scalability and usefulness of the proposed approach in real-world applications.


The mass of the electron is an invariant , i.e., it does not change with its velocity . We introduce the concept of variability of the electric charge to replace the old-fashioned concept of changing mass . We propose a thought experiment to prove this variability of the electric charge of the electron in a changing magnetic field .


Second-order active RC filters employing N identical operational amplifiers (OAs) are considered. the way to achieve the highest-order zero sensitivities of the dominant poles is shown. It leads to composite operational amplifiers (COAs) with a gain function of a polynomial form. the analysis of sensitivities, errors and location shifts of dominant poles as well as the effects of parasitic poles is also provided. the results have been confirmed by numerical analysis and an experimental verification.


Introduction:
 Hematoma expansion (HE) in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a key predictor of poor prognosis and potentially amenable to treatment. Current clinical scoring models, radiological markers, and labs have limited ability to predict HE. This study aimed to create a more robust classification model to predict HE in patients with ICH using a deep learning algorithm, an artificial neural network (ANN).

 Methods:
 Data from the ATACH 2 trial (Antihypertensive Treatment of Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage) was utilized. Variables included in the models were chosen as per literature consensus on salient factors associated with HE and clinical expertise. HE was defined as increase in either >33% or 6mL in hematoma volume in the first 24 hours. A multi-layer feedforward ANN was trained using the back-propagation method to minimize the loss function with 5-fold cross validation. 80% of patients were used for training and 20% for testing. The ANN was compared to a logistic regression model (GLM). Given the imbalance in patients with HE, AUPRC (area under the precision-recall curve), recall and precision were calculated for the respective models.

 Results:
 Of the 963 patients in the study (mean age 62±13.0, 38.5% female), 31% had hematoma expansion. The median [interquartile range (IQR)] initial hematoma volume was 10.5mm
 3
 [5.16 - 20.25], median admission SBP [IQR] was 200 [184-217], median platelet count [IQR] was 213 [178-256], median INR [IQR] was 1.0 [0.9-1.0], and median admission GCS [IQR] was 15 [13-15]. The GLM model had AUPRC of 0.38 with recall of 0.60 and precision of 0.38 in the testing cohort. The ANN training model demonstrated AUPRC of 0.92 with recall of 0.72 with precision of 0.39 during testing. Initial ICH volume, platelets, INR, and GCS had the highest feature importance.

 Conclusion:
 We developed an ANN to predict HE in ICH patients performing with improved sensitivity and similar positive predictive value when compared to GLM. We support that ANN can capture complex associations between variables not attainable in classic regression models. This model may help identify patients at risk for HE who warrant careful monitoring and aggressive treatment upfront including those suitable for clinical trials for treatments.


We report on the measurement of the beam spin asymmetry in the deeply virtual Compton scattering off $^4$He using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) at Jefferson Lab using a 6 GeV longitudinally polarized electron beam incident on a pressurized $^4$He gaseous target. We detail the method used to ensure the exclusivity of the measured reactions, in particular the upgrade of CLAS with a radial time projection chamber to detect the low-energy recoiling $^4$He nuclei and an inner calorimeter to extend the photon detection acceptance at forward angles. Our results confirm the theoretically predicted enhancement of the coherent ($e^4$He$~\to~e'$$^4$He$'\gamma'$) beam spin asymmetries compared to those observed on the free proton, while the incoherent ($e^4$He$~\to~e'$p$'\gamma'$X$'$) asymmetries exhibit a 30$\%$ suppression. From the coherent data, we were able to extract, in a model-independent way, the real and imaginary parts of the only $^4$He Compton form factor, $\cal H_A$, leading the way toward 3D imaging of the partonic structure of nuclei.


Our series on Prescribing challenges focuses on areas of therapeutics that can present a particular challenge in general practice. Here, the author considers the management of patients with urinary tract infection who reconsult having failed to respond to first‐line treatment. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd


: Postnatal care is recognized as an important factor in improving maternal and child health outcomes. During antenatal period, mothers are educated on the benefits of good nutrition, adequate rest, good hygiene, family planning, exclusive breastfeeding and other disease preventive measures. This study sought to assess the knowledge levels of postnatal healthcare among mothers and the Postnatal Care Service Utilization among Postnatal Mothers at Ngungu Mini Hospital of Kabwe District in order to understand postnatal mothers' disposition as well as serve as a guide in designing target programs. A quantitative and qualitative Research design approach was adopted for this study. The researcher's target group was postnatal mothers between the ages of 18 and 49. Thirty-five (35) respondents comprised the sample size for this study, of which five (5) were staff working at the facility. Results from the structured interview indicated that all the respondents 20 (100%) were aware that both mother and baby are supposed to attend postnatal care. All of the respondents (100%) were aware that postnatal care services are provided at the health facility. 75% of the respondents gave one correct service provided, 25% mentioned all types of services provided at postnatal. Further, the results indicated that 60% of the FGD participants stated that they were taught on how to give care to the baby during PNC services while 40% stated that they were educated on taking care and of both the mother and the baby, including receiving of vaccines and family planning are. The researcher recommends that there is a need to carry out a longitudinal study in order to confirm the variables that determine utilization of PNC services.


By analyzing the disadvantages of the keypoint-based image stitching,a new automatic image-stitching algorithm is proposed.An improved RANSAC algorithm is used for getting rid of influence of the bad points.In the problem of the parameter estimation,a layered progressive matching scheme and Mellion transformation are employed in the initial parameter estimation when orientation of the images is great.The above scheme also improved computing efficiency.Experimental image-stitching results are better satisfactory,better robustness and stronger sense of reality.It is high valuable in practice.


This paper represents a modified dynamic programming solution to the unit commitment (UC) problem. The UC is a complex decision-making process because of multiple constraints which may not be violated while finding the optimal or suboptimal commitment schedule. There are many methods to solve the UC problem gradually. So, before we present our method, we will show the drawbacks of the standard dynamic programming methods which use general purpose optimization techniques to the UC problem. The priority list method, the lagrange relaxation and the mixed integer linear programming (MILP) are possible to apply to a real power system for performing the unit commitment. However, by using these methods, we could not get an optimal solution but only a suboptimal silution. Therefore we propose to get an optimal solution by using dynamic programming. Performing dynamic programming takes a lot of simulation time, so it is not optimal to use in a real power system for performing the unit commitment. Therefore, we need a modified dynamic programming method to satisfy both the simulated and the real power system to get the optimal solution. For those not familiar with UC problem, we introduce the constraints, production cost and start-up cost. The goal of the objective function is in cost minimization, so we use the economic dispatch using the lambda iteration method when we calculate the production costs. Finally, we compare the UC solution by using both methods.


Objective:To investigate the effect of rhubarb on the gut in critical illness.Methods:The septic patients after trauma,shock and infection were selected in this study.All patients were randomly divided into preventive group and nonpreventive group.The patients were treated with rhubarb at a dose of 25 mg/kg,per 8 hours in preventive group.Except rhubarb,the other therapies were similar between the two groups.The intramural pH and plasma tumor necrosis factorα(TNFα),interleukin6(IL6) as well as endotoxin levels were measured in patients.Results:The incidence of stress ulceration,gastrointestinal paralysis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome were obviously lower in preventive group than that in nonpreventive group.Rhubarb had good curative effects on stress ulceration and toxic gastrointestinal paralysis caused by sepsis.Furthermore,rhubarb could improve the gastrointestinal blood perfusion and reduce the plasma concentrations of TNFα,IL6 and endotoxin.Conclusions:Rhubarb has a good curative effect on gastrointestinal failure and also can prevent gut failure in critical illness.


Torque converter in automatic transmission transfers the engine power to transmission by ATF. Hub pump drive of torque converter in automatic transmission drives oil-pump by physical connection and expands when it is highly heated and rotated. Because of interference between oil pump bush and torque converter it is important that hub pump drive's thermal expansion rate. This paper discussed static thermal expansion rate of hub pump drive for torque converter with high temperature. The static structural model of the hub pump drive is developed by interfacing the finite element model. The static thermal expansion analysis of the hub pump drive is investigated by the impeller assembly of torque converter and modeling using ANSYS. This paper is provided torque converter engineer with useful information for optimum hub pump drive design.


Celiac disease (CD) is an immunological disorder. Clinical manifestations occur as a result of intestinal mucosa damage and malabsorption. CD is also associated with extraintestinal manifestations and autoimmune disorders. The coexistence of CD and autoimmune diseases has been described before. In this article, a patient with CD presenting with thrombocytopenia is discussed.


This article aims to analyze how the concept of grave and generalized violation of Human Rights and the definition of refuge are interrelated in processes of formal recognition of refuge status in Brazilian individual cases of violence. This article aims to propose a more inclusive and wide interpretation of the normative set concerning refugee issues, taking as reference the case study of an athlete from Democratic Republic of Congo whose life, liberty and security were in danger in his country of origin. However, in a first sight, this case does not match with the Brazilian legal order concerning the refugee status determination. Therefore, the primary focus of this work is to analyze some issues raised by the gaps in the legal framework applicable to this subject.


Wastewater precipitation ponds (fellingsdams) are conventional stabilization ponds adapted to cold climate by the use of chemical precipitation to attain sufficient removal efficiency of impurities, primarily phosphorus. The objective with this investigation was to study the influence of an interruption of the dosage of coagulant during summer periods at two fellingsdam systems (Orrviken and Lockne) in the middle of Sweden. The investigation took place over two years characterized by unusual precipitation conditions; 2001 was intense in precipitation whereas summer 2002 represented a dry season. The results showed that there is a potential to utilize the summer biological activity in fellingsdams. At Orrviken the effluent quality measured as organic matter and phosphorus in the effluent was just slightly above the values that were reached by chemical precipitation. At Lockne the performance was lower. The organic matter reduction at Orrviken in the summers of 2001 and 2002 were 71 and 67%, respectively, c...