A rotor structure of a permanent magnet synchronous motor with built-in conductors comprises a rotor core and a rotating shaft, wherein a rotor protective sleeve is arranged outside the rotor core; a plurality of rotor permanent magnet grooves are formed on the outer surface of the rotor core; a permanent magnet adopting a rectangular structure is arranged in each rotor permanent magnet groove; a plurality of rotor wiring grooves are formed in the rotor core in the positions close to the bottoms of the rotor permanent magnet grooves, and are uniformly distributed around the rotating shaft; a strip-shaped rotor conductor is arranged in each rotor wiring groove; and all the strip-shaped rotor conductors in the rotor wiring grooves are in short circuit at the two ends through coppery short circuit end rings. The utility model has the advantages of easy processing and assembly, high overload capacity and good dynamic performance, thereby achieving wide application prospect.


British successes and failures in Barroso Drama. Several reasons for Blair's support for nomination Barroso. Blair's personal choice for Peter Mandelson. Ambivalence in Mandelson's action during the affair. Pressure from London on MEPs.


Objective: Aortic annular erosion and abscess formation are serious complications of native and prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis. The management of these lesions is difficult due to extensive t...


The present invention describes a monofilament core / sheath structure comprising a thermoplastic polyester. A melting point of 200-300 deg.] C of the core layer and the polyester containing at least 70mol% of the structural groups of the aromatic diacid and an aliphatic diol derived and up to 30mol% of the different types of dicarboxylic acid structural groups, and different types of diol derived from an aliphatic diol structural groups. An outer skin layer comprising a thermoplastic polyester and a melting point of 200-300 deg.] C of the thermoplastic elastomer copolyetherester. In addition, also relates to a manufacturing method of the core / sheath monofilament and flat textile article manufactured with application of high mechanical and chemical stability in.


The adsorption of acetone on ice under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) was investigated with temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (FTIRAS). Two types of film, amorphous and crystalline, were investigated. On the amorphous films, two acetone desorption states were observed; one derived from a hydrogen-bonded state and a second that was attributed to the desorption of physisorbed acetone. Only the physisorbed state was observed during desorption from crystalline ice films. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed these assignments. This work provides additional evidence that the surface properties of amorphous ice are different from those of crystalline ice.


The central question addressed in this paper is whether a content delivery network (CDN)needs to deploy its servers in a large number of locations to achieve its current levels of performance.Our study indicates that a relatively small number of consolidated data centers might provide similar performance to end-users. or over 30%of the total 34,000 servers claimed by Akamai during the study period,were pingable.


We report on a patient with obstructive sleep apnea in whom percutaneous transmyocardial revascularization was complicated by hemopericardium. Absence of phasic variation in the transmitral and transtricuspid Doppler inflow velocities during apneic episodes and marked variation during spontaneous respiration were identified with a respirometer, and helped us identify a novel false‐negative cause of flow velocity paradoxus.


Abstract The aim of this article is to discuss the properties of pyrolysis liquid products and their primary applications. The pyrolysis of biomass is a promising route for the production of solid (charcoal), liquid (tar and other organics), and gaseous products. These products are of interest as they are possible alternate sources of fuels and chemicals. Pyrolysis liquid is referred to in the literature by terms, such as pyrolysis oil, bio-oil, bio-crude oil, bio-fuel oil, wood liquid, wood oil, liquid smoke, wood distillates, pyroligneous tar, and pyroligneous acid. Bio-oil from biomass pyrolysis mainly consisted of aromatic, aliphatic, and naphthenic hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds, such as phenols, furans, alcohols, acids, ethers, aldehydes, and ketones. Bio-oil has a higher energy density than biomass, can be readily stored and transported, and can be used either as a renewable liquid fuel or chemical production.


Three L-shaped columns with HRB500 reinforcement were tested under low cyclic loading. The effect of stirrup ratios on damage characteristic, hysteretic characteristic, rigidity degradation and energy dissipation capacity was analyzed to research the hysteretic behavior of L-shaped columns with HRB500 reinforcement. The result shows that the damage characteristic and the hysteretic characteristic of L-shaped columns with HRB500 reinforcement are improved with the increase of stirrup ratios. The energy dissipation capacity of L-shaped column was also enhanced after ultimate load with the increase of stirrup ratios.


The article is devoted to the study of the species structure of the helminthocenoses of the stone and forest martens, conducted from 2006 to 2022. 55 corpses of stone martens from the foothill landscape-geographical zone and 64 corpses of forest martens from the foothill and mountain zones of the North-West Caucasus were examined. The analysis of the results of the study showed that the main factor in the formation of helminthocenoses of martens in the study region is the species structure of trophic and epizootic circuits, such links are given predators, and species which play the role of intermediate, additional and reservoir hosts of parasites. During the study period, an increase in the number of parasite species in the structure of helminthocenoses of martens was noted. We associate this fact with the anthropogenic transformation of natural ecosystems and the violation of historically established biocenotic relationships, the main of which is the «parasitehost » system. The marten species living in the study region form and support 15 natural foci of helminthiasis in the North-West Caucasus, including the focus of trichinosis.


T world is experiencing the greatest uncertainty in the face of an unexpected phenomenon, a virus that has crossed borders, while the human being struggles to survive, the data demonstrates the exponential behavior of a virus categorized as a Covid-19 pandemic. This pandemic affects different social groups from an economic, health, educational, political, psychosomatic perspective, among others. Science after years has created theories to explain evolution, before the crisis caused by Covid-19 the human being is presented with new scenarios in which he must create his survival plans, the Morphogenetic fields are related to modern physics, storage of information, data records found in memory through morphic resonance, those events recorded in the past of our ancestors, may appear unconsciously today and have a reaction in the creation of new beings.


This study developed a feature-based design model to design sheet metal products, and achieve automatic product development to obtain the right size of sheet blanks. The focus of this paper is the integration of sheet metal design and development as a whole so as to ensure that the designed sheet metal products can be automatically developed. In terms of design, we adopted a feature-based design model. The system made use of the sheet metal product pattern provided by AMADA Company to extract a "face feature". Then, different face features were combined to design the necessary sheet metal products. The system observes the concept of "design for development" to establish the related data required by development during the design process so as to facilitate the development operations.


Abstract The change of the bacterial population after each water treatment process was examined in a full-scale water treatment plant that uses ozone as a primary disinfectant. The fluctuation of heterotrophic bacterial number along the water treatment processes was determined. After ozonation, the bacterial number decreased to 13 CFU/mL. The surviving bacteria after each water treatment process were identified to genus or species level. The significant finding was the predominance of double-layered gram-positives (75%) among the surviving bacteria after ozonation. It included Mycobacterium spp., Bacillus spp., Corynebacterium spp., and Micrococcus spp. On the other hand, the dominance of gram-negatives was observed in most other water samples but each treatment process exerted different selection on dominant bacterial groups. The proportion of opportunistic pathogens was the lowest in the ozonated water.


Figure 1-1 is a map illustrating the structure of the robot world, whose shape is a great flat plane with the standard north, south, east, and west compass points. The world is bounded on its west side by an infinitely long vertical wall extending northward. To the south, the world is bounded by an infinitely long horizontal wall extending eastward. These boundary walls are made of solid neutronium, an impenetrable metal that restrains robots from falling over the edges of the world.


Koehler-Vandergraaf notes the presence of the body and a female spirituality in Lamontagne MacDonald's woodcut prints. Brief statement by the artist. Biographical notes.


We consider the behaviour of Alfvén waves propagating in a medium with random density perturbations. The imposed density perturbations have a broadband spectrum and their characteristic spatial scale may be defined according to the peak in the spectrum. The interaction of the boundary driven Alfvén waves with the medium generates reflections most efficiently when their wavelength is comparable to the spatial scale of the density perturbations. For our monotonic driver, this leads to the generation of quasi-periodic oscillations. The periods of oscillation of the propagating Alfvén waves is no longer only associated with the driver. Additional periodicities may be associated with one or more characteristic spatial scales in the density profile, or with beating between other spectral components. Multiple wave reflections cause oscillatory power to be retained at low altitudes, increasing opportunities to contribute to heating at those locations.


R igorous comparative evaluation of surgical technique options and their long-term results is extremely valuable for showing their relative advantages and disadvantages. Comparing techniques for rejuvenation of the forehead and periorbital region remains a challenge because of widely varying approaches and the significant and complex muscle interactions and their relationships to the maintenance of anatomical structures in their positions. Eyebrow position is collectively influenced by the deep structures such as ligaments, muscles, and periosteum, and the relative activity of key muscles (corrugators, depressors, and frontalis).1 A further complicating factor is that the frontalis muscle acts as a compensator for age-related brow ptosis, and becomes increasingly active to maintain functionally adequate brow elevation, often confusing the clinical assessment of both presurgical and postsurgical eyebrow position.2 In the literature and in practice, we see several avenues of approach, methods of repositioning, and fixation, and significant variation in outcomes. Across the board, the prime objective and challenge is to achieve and maintain a naturalappearing postsurgical elevation over time, with the lateral brow historically presenting greater difficulty in repositioning and in incidence of relapse and longevity of results. Many authors recommend treatment of the entire region as a single surgical cosmetic unit, with release of the periosteum and deep structures such as ligaments and adhesions at the lateral and inferior orbital rim and weakening the corrugator muscles, eyebrow depressors, and procerus considered essential to achieving adequate brow elevation.2,3 In contrast, some surgeons and patients will elect a less comprehensive approach such as transblepharal browpexy for reasons that may include mild brow ptosis, minor asymmetries, financial considerations, fear of increased invasiveness, and certain clinical considerations, including patients who are undergoing blepharoplasty primarily for visual field impairment but want a "bonus" of a bit of eyebrow elevation. Other patients may include those whose conditions warrant a less invasive approach, with less potential for bleeding, shorter anesthesia time, shorter procedural time, more rapid recovery, and other factors.4,5 The ambitious article by Iblher et al. favorably compares efficacy and longevity of outcomes for subperiosteal endoscopic forehead lift over transblepharal browpexy, two significantly different approaches and techniques, both of which have gone in and out of fashion, then cycling back again. The endoscopic brow lift met with significant enthusiasm among early adopters and hightechnology fans in the early to mid 1990s, with moderate penetration into the general ranks of plastic surgery; however, after a few years, overall results were deemed unpredictable and less than hoped for by many of the users, and by the early 2000s, the procedure faded in popularity.3 Inadequate results and lack of longevity of results were particularly remarkable in the lateral brow region, which was addressed in depth by this author in the article, "Endoscopic Periosteal Brow Lift: Evaluation and Follow-Up of Eyebrow Height," describing a more extensive dissection technique, extending farther out and down than previously favored, and offering a better and more long-lasting overall elevation of the brow, including the troublesome lateral portion, and "progressive and spontaneous elevation of the brow" as measured 5 years postoperatively.3 Likewise, transblepharal browpexy achieved peak popularity as minimally invasive, more affordable procedures emerged in the mid 1990s and into the new century, but again, the procedure was found


Purpose. To evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and usefulness of dual‐phase 99mTc‐Sestamibi scintigraphy (SS) and sonography (US) of the neck, alone and in combination, as noninvasive adenoma localizing procedures in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism prior to parathyroidectomy.


BACKGROUND: Accurate specimen analysis of skull base tumors is essential for providing personalized surgical treatment strategies. Intraoperative specimen interpretation can be challenging because of the wide range of skull base pathologies and lack of intraoperative pathology resources. OBJECTIVE: To develop an independent and parallel intraoperative workflow that can provide rapid and accurate skull base tumor specimen analysis using label-free optical imaging and artificial intelligence. METHODS: We used a fiber laser–based, label-free, nonconsumptive, high-resolution microscopy method (<60 seconds per 1 × 1 mm2), called stimulated Raman histology (SRH), to image a consecutive, multicenter cohort of patients with skull base tumor. SRH images were then used to train a convolutional neural network model using 3 representation learning strategies: cross-entropy, self-supervised contrastive learning, and supervised contrastive learning. Our trained convolutional neural network models were tested on a held-out, multicenter SRH data set. RESULTS: SRH was able to image the diagnostic features of both benign and malignant skull base tumors. Of the 3 representation learning strategies, supervised contrastive learning most effectively learned the distinctive and diagnostic SRH image features for each of the skull base tumor types. In our multicenter testing set, cross-entropy achieved an overall diagnostic accuracy of 91.5%, self-supervised contrastive learning 83.9%, and supervised contrastive learning 96.6%. Our trained model was able to segment tumor-normal margins and detect regions of microscopic tumor infiltration in meningioma SRH images. CONCLUSION: SRH with trained artificial intelligence models can provide rapid and accurate intraoperative analysis of skull base tumor specimens to inform surgical decision-making.


Keeping Coral Clean Seaweed overgrowth is a major problem for coral reefs and also seems to be a consequence of excessive harvesting of herbivorous fish. Dixson and Hay (p. 804) examined this effect on Fijian reefs. Species of small herbivorous gobies and coral-associated damselfish were compared for their effect on the toxic Chlorodesmis seaweed in experiments that required caging colonies of the branching coral Acropora nasuta and the associated fish species. Only the gobies actively removed algal fronds attached to the cages and only one species (itself toxic to predators) ate them; the damselfish simply defected from the arena when toxic algae were present. The hydrophobic toxins exuded in the algal mucus lysed coral polyps releasing cell constituents that, together with the algal toxin, attract the gobies, which then eat the algal fronds. Interestingly, the toxic goby became more toxic to predators after consumption of the seaweed, which may help to drive symbiosis with a coral colony. Goby fish remove toxic algae from their coral habitat, becoming more distasteful to predators in the process. Corals in the genus Acropora generate much of the structural complexity upon which coral reefs depend, but they are susceptible to damage from toxic seaweeds. Acropora nasuta minimizes this damage by chemically cuing symbiotic goby fishes (Gobiodon histrio or Paragobiodon echinocephalus) to remove the toxic seaweed Chlorodesmis fastigiata. Within minutes of seaweed contact, or contact from only seaweed chemical extract, the coral releases an odor that recruits gobies to trim the seaweed and dramatically reduce coral damage that would otherwise occur. In turn, chemically defended gobies become more toxic after consumption of this noxious alga. Mutualistic gobies and corals appear to represent a marine parallel to terrestrial ant-plants, in that the host provides shelter and food in return for protection from natural enemies.


We computed the arc index for some of the pretzel knots $K=P(-p,q,r)$ with $p,q,r\ge2$, $r\geq q$ and at most one of $p,q,r$ is even. If $q=2$, then the arc index $\alpha(K)$ equals the minimal crossing number $c(K)$. If $p\ge3$ and $q=3$, then $\alpha(K)=c(K)-1$. If $p\ge5$ and $q=4$, then $\alpha(K)=c(K)-2$.


THAT new and better remedies are needed for Parkinson's disease has been amply documented.'P2 Those who work with large numbers of patients with parkinsonism find it so, for the following reasons: 1. Although the armamentarium has been materially augmented by the addition of synthetic drugs, there is much that remains to be done. Major tremor, for example, continues to be a grave challenge to therapy. While hyoscine and BenadryP control it in some patients, others are not controlled, with or without these remedies. 2. Drugs have a tendency to wear off in effect. Hence, sufficient highgrade preparations must be available to allow for substitution. 3. No single drug can control all the symptoms of an advanced patient. A product that inhibits tremor through its somnorific effect, by the same token aggravates the akinesia. Conversely, strong cerebral stimulants that counteract akinesia tend to accentuate the tremor. Thus, some patients require two, three, or even four different preparations at the same time, and a large selection of potent drugs is needed therefore. 4. During the long siege of an illness that runs ten or more years in the arteriosclerotic type of patient and 20 to 30 years in the postencephalitic type, patients tire of any remedy. As a result, many of them are forever seeking the newspapers, clinics, and doctors' ofices for new drugs or so-called "cures." 5. Patients differ radically in their tolerance of drugs. While a postencephalitic type of patient may be satisfactorily adjusted on 45 tablets of Rabellon a day, an arteriosclerotic patient may not tolerate even K of a tablet twice daily without complaints of violent reactions. Elderly patients are especially sensitive to drugs, and frequent substitutions are necessary. It often becomes a problem to find sufficient remedies to keep them satisfied and physically comfortable. For these and other reasons, a great need exists for useful remedies that


Acknowledgements Introduction 1. Decade of Disaster - How it All Began 2. The Common Bond 3. Accountability, Support, Prevention 4. Communicating the Messages 5. Needs and Rights 6. Mad, Bad or Sad? People's Treatment after Disaster 7. Inquests, Inquiries and Investigations 8. Corporate Responsibility and the Law 9. New Millennium, New Dimensions - Responding to Further Disasters 10. Experience of the Mass Media 11. Consolidating Disaster Action's Influence and Contribution 12. Looking Back and Looking Forward - Significant Anniversaries 13. Disaster Action's Legacy - and the Future Appendix 1: Disaster Action Membership, 2014 Appendix 2: Disaster Action Timeline - Key Events and Activities Appendix 3: 'When Disaster Strikes' and 'Guidance for Responders' Leaflet Series Bibliography Index


A fracture criterion for sheet metals subjected to draw-bending is investigated using the concept of the forming limit stress criterion. An experimental apparatus that is capable of draw-bending sheet specimens with forming speeds (approximately 100 -1 mm s  ) comparable to those of real press forming machines is designed and built. The test materials are an ultralow-carbon steel sheet and a 590MPa high-strength steel sheet. Specimens undergo bending-unbending under tension when passing over a die profile. The magnitudes of true stress DB  at which the stretch-drawn specimens fractured are precisely determined from the measured data of the drawing force and the cross-sectional area of the specimen after fracture. Moreover, multiaxial tube expansion tests are performed to measure the forming limit stresses PT  of the test materials under plane-strain tension. It is found that DB  is larger than PT  by 6-18%. Therefore, it is concluded that the forming limit stress criterion is effective for


This article presents contact resistivity variability (CRV) in metal-semiconductor (MS) and metal-interfacial layer (IL)-semiconductor (MIS) contacts on Ge and Si source/drain regions resulting from process-induced random dopant fluctuation (RDF) and IL thickness variation (ILTV). CRV is modeled by combining the effect of RDF and ILTV in statistical simulations incorporating Fermi-level pinning physics. CRV is also shown to have a direct and significant impact on 7-nm FinFET On-current variability. The choice of contact architecture depends strongly on the source/drain doping. RDF dominates at low doping and MIS contacts provide lower CRV as well as lower resistivity (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho _{c}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) due to a lower contact barrier height. Impact of RDF decreases and that of ILTV increases with increasing doping resulting in lower CRV with comparable <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho _{c}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for MS contacts.


Identifying and immunizing nodes in networks with heterogeneity community is very important to prevent epidemic spreading. The effectiveness of preventing the transmission of infectious disease can be greatly enhanced by choosing suitable nodes to vaccinate. Community structure can amplify the influence of a small number of bridge nodes which maintain the linking in different communities. However, in heterogeneity networks with community structure, identifying bridge nodes which overlap with different communities are not achievable with traditional global immunization algorithms. To consolidate the efficiency of immunization, it is essential to utilize the community topology and identify bridge nodes. Here, we develop an effective local algorithm, the Degree-CommunityBridge-Find, to identify and immunize bridge nodes. Results show that Degree-Community-Bridge-Find generally outperforms Community-Bridge-Find in heterogeneity


Existence results are presented for classical solutions to some nonvariational problems through a suitable approximation method of Mountain Pass critical points.


This study took theory of socio-economic status, stress, negatively culture and delinquency to discuss the factor of delinquency. Then, researcher used Taiwan Education Panel Survey (TEPS) 2005, 2007 parent questionnaire and student questionnaire as research data. The purpose of this study was to explore the factors affected delinquency of senior and vocational high school students in Taiwan. The factors of this study divided into socio-economic status, cramming school, stress perception, and negatively culture. This research employed the descriptive statistics, hierarchical regression analysis and structural equation modeling. The findings were as follows: 1. The higher cramming school and stress conception of senior and vocational high school students in Taiwan had, the more delinquency to arise. 2. Students from vocational high school, studied at private school, and lived in urban areas would increase the frequency of delinquency. 3. Male students with higher stress conception, negatively culture, studied at private school, and lived in urban areas would have more delinquency. 4. Female students with more cramming school, stress conception, negatively culture, studied at private school, and lived in urban areas would have more delinquency. 5. The more negatively culture were influenced, the higher delinquency would arise for senior and vocational high school students.


This paper discusses the efficient extraction of eigenfrequencies in two-dimensional acoustic cavities using higher order finite elements, called "Coons-patch macroelements". The acoustic pressure is approximated within the entire domain using the bivariate transfinite (Coons-Gordon) interpolation formula. Basically, the proposed macroelements constitute a generalization of the well-known Serendipity and Lagrangian type elements. The paper investigates the performance of the proposed methodology in several examples and definitely correlates the necessity of using internal nodes or domain decomposition with the percentage of open boundaries over the entire boundary as well as their relative position. It was found that for simple shapes, the entire acoustic cavity can be considered as a single quadrilateral patch, i.e. as one Coons-patch macroelement, while for complex shapes the cavity should be divided into a small number of subregions.


Purpose: Laparoscopic surgery has been generalized for the treatment of localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Recently, laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for an RCC over the pT2 stage has gained rapid momentum as an effective surgery for treatment. We evaluated the possibility of the use of laparoscopic surgery for a large RCC, using the surgical results according to tumor size. Materials and Methods: Between June 2003 and June 2007, a total of 46 patients that under underwent a laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for RCC were divided into three groups according to tumor size: group 1 (n=16, tumor size ≤4cm), group 2 (n=15, tumor size 4cm 7cm). The surgical outcomes and perioperative morbidities were evaluated retrospectively, and were compared for each group. Results: The transfusion rate for group 3 patients was higher than for the other groups (group 1: 0%, group 2: 13.3%, group 3: 26,7%). However, the mean operative time (group 1: 154.3 minutes, group 2: 158.4 minutes, group 3: 197.9 minutes), postoperative initiative time to ambulate (group 1: 1.88 days, group 2: 2.00 days, group 3: 1.87 days) postoperative initiative time to diet (group 1: 1.38 days, group 2: 1.53 days, group 3: 1.53 days), total hospital stay (group 1: 7.94 days, group 2: 8.47 days, group 3: 8.20 days) and complication rate (group 1: 12.5%, group 2: 13.3%, group 3: 13.3%) were similar for patients in the three groups. Pathological results indicated that all cases showed a renal cell carcinoma with a negative surgical margin. Conclusions: There were no differences in the operative and postoperative results of the performance of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy according to tumor size, except for the transfusion rate. If the use of the technique and experience accumulate, laparoscopic radical nephrectomy will be feasible for all localized RCC regardless of tumor size. (Korean J Urol 2008;49:203-207) 󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏


To the editor:

We read with interest the article by Zhao et al[1][1] on the specific abilities of murine CD103+ T regulatory (Treg) cells to ameliorate ongoing chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). The authors report here that only in vivo–activated effector/memory-like Tregs that express


All over of the deformed regime, the esential problem is to analyze the wave of voltage, current and power, associated to electromechanical equipment, to distinguish the most important harmonics and the most known analysis factors. Starting with this considerations, results the necessity to study the typical problems of the direct current motors associated with static converters, with the aim to obtain some indications about their 1. INTRODUNCTION The aim of this paper is to establish an algorithm which is the base of a program to study the drives with DC motors associated with static's converters, through presenting concrete examples. For calculus and a correct representation of the characteristics of starting and operating, is imposed a detailed analyze of the whole system machine - converter. In this way it could be made a quantification the effects of the deformed regime: the increase of the energies losses cost in use, reported to the standard regime, caused by the increase of active, reactive and deformed power. All this effects are depended on the quality of the materials used in the construction of the machine and converter, and so, could be established the optimal values of the electro mechanical solicitations.


Epigenetics, this is a new frontier in biology, helpful to find the involvement of altered genetic functions in different disease, to understand the proper reason and also to find a new therapy. Cancer which is medically known as malignant neoplasm occurs when problem of gene of a cell prevents the control of functional property. Along with the involvement of several genes IGF-II (insulin-like growth factor 2) plays a great role in the development of cancer. This insulin like growth factor -2 over expression may result from the loss of genomic imprinting in IGF-II, loss of function of transcriptional repressor. The present work was aimed to reviewing the proper order of information regarding the role of IGF-II gene in cancer especially colorectal and how IGF-II family especially IGF-II itself involved in cancer inherited in nature and the process of control the expression either by DNA methylation or by imprinting IGF-II itself or in relation with H-19 gene. It was envisaged that this set of review in future prospective will be helpful for the new research scientist in this particular area to know about the involvement of IGF-II in cancer and will open the new direction of work for the development of gene therapy in the treatment of cancer.


If one wants to follow quantitatively the course of a polymerization or polycondensation reaction, one has first of all to carry out certain measurements. Usually the following quantities are recorded : The total amount of monomer which has been converted into polymer (dimer and higher) as a function of time, nature of catalyst and solvent, monomer concentration and temperature. This corresponds to the weight of polymer (of all degrees of polymerization) formed at any infitant. Particularly important is the initial rate with which the polymer is produced (the monomer disappears) , because, in t,he early stsages of the reaction, the conditions are usually not yet too complicated and can, with some success, be expressed by appropriate rate equations. There are many experimental methods available to determine the rate of polymer formation in each individual case," 2 , but it would lead us too far afield to enumerate them in this article. The number or weight average degree of polymerization of the polymer produced as a function of time and of the other experimental parameters mentioned above, such as amount and nature of solvent, concentration and character of catalyst or inhibitor, temperature, etc. It is well known that a reliable determination of these quantities at present still meets with considerable uncertainties and difFicu1tie^,^-^ but it seems that osmotic pressure memurements in very dilute solution provide a comparatively safe way to secure the number average for the degree of polymerization, if the membrane is such that it does not let too much of the lower molecular weight


Microwave absorbing materials has been widely used in military and civilian application as function materials.Polymer-based microwave absorbing materials is one of the most important composite for the microwave absorbing materials owing to they have advantages such as light density,broad frequency band,intensive microwave absorption and thin thickness.The research progress of different absorbents,such as metal,ferrite,metal coating composite,carbon series and so on in polymer-based microwave absorbing materials is reviewed,and the types of present polymer-based microwave absorbing materials are introduced.


An electron-microscopic study of cryostructurization of isolated myofibrillar proteins of Antarctic krill has been carried out. It has been found out that after freezing-thawing krill's protein suspension has a spatial meshy structure. Correlation of electron microscopic findings and physico-mechanical properties does occur. Transmission electron microscopy used together with the freezefracture technique proved to be most informative for the test subject.


Our Universe: Where Are We? Numbers in Our World: How Do We Reach Infinity and Beyond? Energy: Why Can Sunlight Power the World? Atoms: Why Are the Elements So Different from Each Other? Combining Atoms: How Do Atoms Bond? Fluids: How Does Water Flow? Materials: Why Is Steel Strong and Glass Fragile? Polymers: Why Is Rubber Elastic? Sparks in Nature: What Is Electricity? Odor: Why Can We Smell Perfume? Sound: Why Can We Hear Music? Nature's Solar Cells: Why Are Leaves Green? Vision: Why Can We See Sunlight? Biopolymers: Why Does Life Use Polymers? Proteins: Who Does All the Work? RNA: Jack of All Trades, Master of None? DNA: What Determines the Structure of DNA? Information: Does DNA Compute? Nanoworld: Why Can a Gecko Climb a Wall? Complexity: Why Do We Need Only a Small Number of Genes? Evolution: Why Are There Many Species? Relativity: Why Does E = mc2? Quantum Mechanics I: Why Are There Black Lines in the Spectrum of the Sun? Quantum Mechanics II: Is Nature Counterintuitive? Complex Numbers Laws Equations Units Prefixes Constants Sizes Credits Periodic Table Electromagnetic Spectrum Index


The present study develops a 3D numerical model of the concrete pavement system of aerodromes in contact with the main landing gear of aircrafts using Finite Element Method (FEM). The pavement system used in the analysis consisted of six concrete slabs overlaying a subgrade medium with stiffness k. Doweled bars are considered for the pavement transverse joints while aggregate interlocks are considered for longitudinal joints. A parametric study was conducted to validate the model numerically, as well as to investigate the influence of the doweled bars, aggregate interlocks and subgrade stiffness on the pavement deflections when it is subjected to a dynamic load. About 77% decrease in deflection was attained due to the presence of doweled bars. This study additionally presents a methodology for designing the pavement thickness and the compressive strength of concrete based upon the Mohr-Coulomb's failure criterion. It is found that for a pavement thickness of 0.305m the minimum compressive strength of concrete should be 28 MPa.


Man's learning process is the process of learning behavior.This paper approaches the stability of cooperative learning group in classroom teaching from the perspective of behavior evolution,which is believed to be affected by the component number of the group,the complementarities of the individual conduct within group as well as the resonance of the work of the chief of the group.


A large gap was acquired between electrodes (up to 5.5 mm) of Ar atmospheric pressure glow discharge in radio frequency dielectric barrier discharge (rf-DBD). The discharge of Ar plasma was characterized by I-V curve and Lissajous plot, and the effective power of the discharge was calculated based on the measured Lissajous plot and found to be higher than 90% of the input power. To gain a thorough understanding of the mechanism, the rf-DBD with a single dielectric barrier layer operating in γ mode glow discharge of N2 plasma was diagnosed in spatial resolution through optical emission spectroscopy. It was concluded that secondary electron emission might be responsible for the sustainable glow discharge in the large gap rf-DBD plasma.


This paper aims to broaden our understanding of countability beyond what is found with concrete nouns, providing a one-word case study of the countable and non-countable uses of the noun crime. I show that the behavior of crime runs counter to a variety of expectations inherited from the literature on countability: its countable use cannot be directly grounded in atomic acts or events, nor is its non-countable use simply equivalent to a plural individual composed of individual crimes, as one might expect on analogy with certain analyses of furniture. Additionally, while crime has a use as a bare plural, that use does not refer to a kind. A quantitative study supports these conclusions. Altogether, crime demonstrates a novel noun type with respect to its nominal semantics and countability behavior, which is also an indication of the large empirical terrain that awaits exploration for eventive


Background: Piritramide is a synthetic opioid analgesic which is commonly used for postoperative analgesia. It is structurally related to meperidine, exhibiting full μ‐receptor agonism. Pharmacokinetic data of the drug have not been reported so far.


Patients suffering from stroke may develop different complications including acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI affects mortality among the stroke patients. The association between stroke and AKI despite extensive research has been not completely understood. The study aimed to determine an AKI as an independent poor risk factor of cerebrovascular disease outcome among the stroke patients. Our objectives were to estimate AKI incidence among stroke patients at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between 2013 and 2017 and assess the major risk factors related to AKI among stroke patients. The research population was sourced from the publicly available KAUH records from 2013 to 2017. The total number of stroke cases was 717 with a mean age of 63.94 ± 15.70 years. As many as 83.5% of cases had no AKI and 16.5% were suffered from AKI among total stroke patients studied. Furthermore, 74.1% of stroke patients were alive compared to 25.9% reported dead. The study concluded that AKI incidence is higher in stroke patients after admission immediately or during hospitalization. As such, the renal function file could be used as an early indicator upon stroke patients' admission to health-care facilities. Prevention and control of AKI seem to be very important among patients with stroke.


In recent years, the concept, technology and management of urban design are changing from the "ultimate blueprint" urban design consulting service to the "dynamic update" smart urban planning and building management, under the background of the increasingly development of smart city, big data and new media. This paper reviewed the same tendency emerging in terms of urban govern in smart city era, and took the urban design practice in Pazhou West District in Guangzhou as an example to analyze the development background, work context and implementation of the "regional chief urban designer system". Based on this experience, a digital information management platform has been built, which concluded the work process of the system. On the basis of practice, we discuss the role, responsibilities and purpose of the future urban designers in the context of smart city, pointing out that the urban design team is moving from a single technical team to a diverse social public platform, from the "ultimate blueprint" image design to the "dynamic planning" development framework, from extensive urban control to smart urban building.


The Subaru Telescope has been operated smoothly for eight years after its first light. With the advent of instruments with high spatial resolution such as the adaptive optics, elongation of images has been noticed towards specific azimuth (AZ) and elevation (EL). With accelerometers with high time resolution, we detected vibrations of the telescope and could attribute the elongation of images to the vibrations. The detected vibrations are at 3.6 Hz and at 7-9 Hz in AZ direction and at 5-6 Hz in EL direction. Image motion due to these vibrations is 0.4 arcsec peak-to-peak at maximum, which is not negligible compared to image motion of 0.063 arcsec rms in quiescent state. The motion, which can not be canceled with the auto guider, results in elongation of images. The 3.6 Hz vibration in AZ direction is only excited while culmination EL of above 80 degrees. The 7-9 Hz vibration in AZ direction and the 5-6 Hz vibration in EL direction are excited by periodic errors in incremental encoders which are used to measure velocity of telescope rotation. We investigated possibilities to reduce the vibrations with tuning control loops of the AZ and EL axes.


Refusal strategies have been substantially investigated in several pragmatics studies, mainly within one culture or cross-culturally. This paper, which constitutes a part of a larger study that examines the refusal strategies Vietnamese speakers of English report using in the intercultural workplace, focuses on their refusals to requests. The data consist of online survey responses to requests that the Vietnamese participants might be given by their native English speaking and Vietnamese colleagues in the workplace, and in-depth telephone interviews about the responses. The refusals in English and Vietnamese reported by the Vietnamese speakers of English were classified into strategies, or semantic formulas, using a modified version of the coding categories developed by Beebe et al (1990) and then analysed according to the frequency and contents of strategies, with reference to status, gender and cultural difference. Results indicate that the frequency and contents of the refusal strategies were considerably influenced by the requester's status. In contrast, the refuser's gender does not make much difference and it was not clearly established whether cultural difference always affected the Vietnamese refusals toward their native English speaking colleagues in intercultural workplace settings.


This article proposes to reflect on the relevance of the Freudian text 1915 - "Thoughts for the times on war and Death" from some metapsychological concepts that gave substance to the criticism of the author analysis the civilization that produced the First World War. Assuming the hypothesis that text is a leit motiv to the construction of the concept of death drive, we hold that psychoanalytic theory, be subject to constant and plural reworking, does not stop to call the analyst to reflect on the social and politic configuration that lives.


The distortion of the regular motion in a quantum system by its coupling to the continuum of decay channels is investigated. The regular motion is described by means of a Poissonian ensemble. We focus on the case of only a few channels K,10. The coupling to the continuum induces two main effects, due to which the distorted system differs from a chaotic system ~described by a Gaussian ensemble!: ~i! The width distribution for large coupling becomes broader than the corresponding x K distribution in the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble case. ~ii! Due to the coupling to the continuum, correlations are induced not only between the positions of the resonances but also between positions and widths. These correlations remain even in the strong coupling limit. In order to explain these results, we relate the width of a trapped resonance state to the distance between its neighboring levels and derive an asymptotic expression for the width distribution for the one channel case. @S1063-651X~97!08308-6#


Reducing circuit supply voltage to near-threshold (NT) region is an effective technique for achieving better energy efficiency in current ultra-low power circuit design. However, circuit variation problem becomes extremely worse in NT region and requires more design margin. Error detection and correction (EDAC) designs can remove circuit margin by solving transient error dynamically, but many of the traditional EDAC designs cause large area overhead and cycle per instruction (CPI) penalty. A compact timing error mask flip-flop (EMFF) based on error masking with ultra-low overhead by only adding six transistors (four for error detection and two for error correction) to the conventional flip-flop with 0 CPI penalty is presented. The proposed EMFF reduces system area overhead significantly. Therefore, the timing error tolerance ability is expanded and higher energy efficiency can be archived. EMFF is realised in an industrial processor in SMIC 40 nm CMOS with only 6.8% area overhead, compared with the original processor. At 0.5 V, the EMFF system gains 18.6% performance increasing than the most compact previous work with 3% higher efficiency.


To demonstrate the safety and efficacy of a new sirolimus eluting stent with bioresorbable polymer, Ultimaster, (BP‐SES) compared with everolimus‐eluting, permanent polymer, Xience stent (PP‐EES) in bifurcation lesions with respect to the freedom from Target Lesion Failure at 1‐year.


Transfenin produced by Sertoli cells could be involved in the transport of iron from serum transfenin into spermatogenic cells. In this model, serum transfenin binds to receptors on Sertoli cells, and Sertoli cell transfenin binds to receptors on spermatogenic cells.' There are indications that specific binding sites for transfemn may be present on pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids.*s3 There is no evidence, however, that transferrin-bound iron is transported into spermatogenic cells. In this respect, it is possible that binding of transfenin to its receptors on spermatogenic cells could generate an important intracellular signal that does not involve iron transport, as has been suggested for other cell types.4 In the present experiments, the uptake of iron from exogenous transfenin by Sertoli cells and isolated spermatids was estimated.


We investigated the role of thrombin in the pathogenesis in atherosclerosis and restenosis. First we examined the effect of thrombin on cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). We showed that thrombin acts as a mitogen on VSMC through thrombin receptor. The expression of thrombin receptor was increased in the cell lines of VSMC established from directional coronary atherectomy (DCA). This is more pronounced in the cells from patients with restenosis after PTCA. Next we investigated the signaling pathway from thrombin/thrombin receptor. Thrombin activates thrombin receptor resulting in the exposing of the agonist peptide domain (thrombin receptor agonist peptide, TRAP). The signal from thrombin/thrombin receptor activated protein C kinase, tyrosine kinase, and MAP kinase and resulted in NF-kappa B activation. Furthermore, treatment of the cells with antisense p65 oligodeoxynucleotides of NF-kappa B inhibited the thrombin-stimulated growth of VSMC in vitro. These results suggest that thrombin may have a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and restenosis after PTCA through the thrombin receptor.


Objective To investigate the effect of preemptive analgesia on postoperative pain and gastrointestinal function with low dose of neostigmine through epidural route in gynecological surgery. Methods 60 patients scheduled for hysteromyomectomy surgery were randomly assigned into three groups. Patients in group received neostigmine 0.7mg through epidural route 20 minutes preoperatively. Patients in group received neostigmine 0.7mg through epidural route when operation finished. Patients in group did not receive any neostigmine. Results The Scores of analgesia were lower significantly in group compared with the other two groups within 24h postoperatively, and the time when used meperidine for postoperative analgesia was postponed markedly and the frequency of use meperidine was lowest(P0.05). The time of recovering flatus shortened obviously in group and (P0.05). Conclusions Preemptive analgesia with epidural low dose of neostigmine may well help lessen pain and promote gastrointestinal function recovery postoperatively.


The possibility of guiding and directing motor vehicles by exhibiting courses on the display panel of a navigation system using a global positioning system (GPS) receiver and map-matching algorithm was investigated. To guide and direct motor vehicles accurately, it is essential to locate vehicle position on the road of a digital map. Map-matching technique is needed that will correct the measured position of a vehicle to the position calculated on the map. A velocity vector calculated from the GPS receiver was considered for input data for map-matching. Positional deviation from accurate positions on the roads of the digital map shown on the display panel was obtained to investigate the positional accuracy of vehicles under the system using map-matching technique. It was found that the positional deviation from the road shown on the display panel during time periods when GPS measurement was possible was around 10 m and that accurate guiding and directing of vehicles can be made possible be using the GPS receiver and map-matching technique.


The effect of a diffusivity edge is studied in a system of scalar active matter confined by a periodic potential and driven by an externally applied force. We find that this system shows qualitatively distinct stationary regimes depending on the amplitude of the driving force with respect to the potential barrier. For small driving, the diffusivity edge induces a transition to a condensed phase analogous to the Bose–Einstein-like condensation reported for the nondriven case, which is characterized by a density-independent steady state current. Conversely, large external forces lead to a qualitatively different phase diagram since in this case condensation is only possible beyond a given density threshold, while the associated transition at higher densities is found to be reentrant.


Let M be a connected manifold, g a Riemannian metric on Λf, and *§ either the set of Killing vector fields or the set of conformal vector fields. The following theorems are known. (0.1) Theorem. // U C M is open and I J G f, then X \ U = Y\U implies X = Y on the whole ofM. (0.2) Theorem. If M and g are analytic, M is simply connected, and X is a Killing (resp. conformal) field on U, open subset of Λf, then there is a unique extension of X to an analytic Killing {resp. conformal) field defined on the whole ofM. These theorems were proved in [4] for the Killing case and in [3] for the conformal case. The aim of this paper is to generalize them, when *% is taken to be set of vector fields of a finite type G-structure. The precise definitions and statements of the theorems are in §2 and §3. §4 is devoted to proving some auxiliary results on fields on a parallelisable manifold. When no precision is made about the differentiability class of a manifold or map, it will be understood that the definition or result works for both the category of manifolds of class infinity and real analytic manifolds.


The force fields of interior boundaries of matters are calculated as a superposition of fields of modified Sierpinski carpet. Limitation on the applicability of damage coefficients is established; an efficient descriptor of interior boundaries is proposed. The long-range effect interaction in irradiated crystals is introduced as various manifestations of second order phase transition. A phenomenological percolation model of the effect is proposed; interpretation of experimental data is given; and a possible mechanism for the effect is discussed.


Space-time block codes are considered as one of the prominent technologies for spatial diversity which is widely used to improve wireless system performance. However, an OFDM system with space-time block codes needs multiple fast Fourier transforms (FFT) posing an adverse effect on system computational load as the number of antennas and sub-carriers grows. Therefore, in this paper we employ a single FFT scheme for the implementation of multiple transceivers on field programmable gate array (FPGA). The results showed that the hardware complexity is significantly reduced. In the case of two transmitters and two receivers, the number of logic elements and registers are reduced by about 47%, the memory is reduced by about 16%, and the number of multipliers is reduced by 50%.


Surface elastic properties of sol-gel derived porous nanosilica optical coatings were determined using scanning force microscopy. Silica nanocoatings prepared under acid and base catalyzed sol-gel process exhibited varying surface morphology, particle size and porosity. Force-distance spectroscopy measurements were conducted on these coatings using scanning force microscopy, and their elastic moduli were obtained by applying Hertz model. The elastic modulus of the coatings varied from 2.4to13.4GPa depending on the nature and concentration of the catalyst used.


The modeling of Ultra High Temperature Ceramic Matrix Composites (UHTCMC) is important to material science because of the relevance of this class of materials on an increasing number of aerospace applications. The ultimate interest of the engineers and scientists lies on the macrostructural properties of the final component. This level is studied using homogenized material properties, which are governed by the various and complex interactions on the microscale level.
In this work a microstructural model based on Finite Element method simulations was mapped out. The
focus of the work was the simulation of samples subjected to transverse tensile loading, having undergone
temperature treatment.
Given as the morphology of the microstructure dictates some of the most important features of the overall behavior, randomly generated microstructures were adopted to study the effects of voids and cracks in the matrix properties, thus using a computational methodology to describe the probabilistic strength distribution.
Computational results were obtained on the effect of thermal load (cooling after the sintering process) on crack formation and ultimately on the stiffness of the composite.
A baseline material with reference properties for future research was presented. A working model on the scale of a test coupon which employs the obtained results is presented, linking the macrostructural scale to
the microstructural Representative Volume Element.


Plasma-catalytic biogas reforming over Ni-X/Al 2 O 3 catalyst (X = K, Mg and Ce) has been carried out in a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor at 160 °C. Three di ff erent process modes: plasma-alone, cat-alysis-alone and plasma-catalysis have been investigated to get new insights into the synergistic e ff ect resulted from the interaction of the plasma with the promoted Ni catalysts. Compared to the biogas reforming using either plasma-alone or catalysis-alone mode at the same temperature (160 °C), the combination of the plasma with the Ni-based catalysts exhibited a low temperature synergistic e ff ect, as evidenced from the much higher reforming performance of the plasma-catalytic process compared to that of the sum of the individual processes (plasma-alone and catalysis-alone). The addition of promoters (K, Mg and Ce) into the Ni/Al 2 O 3 catalyst enhanced the conversion of CH 4 , the yield of H 2 and the energy e ffi ciency of the plasma process. In this study, the behaviour of K, Mg and Ce promoters in the low temperature plasma-catalytic biogas reforming was clearly di ff erent from that in high temperature thermal catalytic process in terms of the conversion of CH 4 and carbon deposition, which could be ascribed to the temperature-dependent character of the promotors. In the plasma-catalytic biogas reforming, the Ni-K/Al 2 O 3 catalyst showed the best performance, enhancing the conversion of both CO 2 and CH 4 , the yield of H 2 , CO and C 2 – C 4 alkanes and the energy e ffi ciency of the plasma process. The highest conversion of CO 2 (22.8%) and CH 4 (31.6%) was achieved by placing the K-promoted catalyst in the plasma reforming process. The Mg-promoted catalyst remarkably increased the H 2 /CO molar ratio in the gas products (up to 2.2) due to the decreased CO 2 conversion. In addition, compared to the un-promoted Ni/Al 2 O 3 catalyst, although the use of the promoted catalysts increased the carbon deposition on the surface of the spent catalysts by 22% – 26%, the total amount of deposited carbon was still less than that reported in high temperature catalytic dry reforming processes. More than 80% of the increased carbonaceous species was in the form of reactive carbon species, which can be easily oxidized by CO 2 and O atoms and maintain the stability of the catalysts during the reforming reaction.


The present invention provides a vacuum heating / cooling device capable of a high vacuum degree is rapidly heated or only the substrate or rapidly cooling while remaining after the film forming step. Vacuum heating / cooling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention is a quartz window (3), cooling to enter the vacuum chamber 1, a halogen lamp (2), the heating light is a vacuum chamber (1) for emitting heating light moving the substrate 5 between the substrate support (9), and a heating position (P3) and holding the substrate 5 to the cooling position (P1) and the heating position (P3) and the cooling position (P1) having lift pins ( 13) a.


modernist primitivism, '' while they '' simultaneously praise[d] and police[d] male sexuality and the body '' (5). Van Vechten thereby both ''demean[ed] and ennoble[d] African Americans '' (100) in a body of work marked by ambivalence, complexity, and ambiguity. That said, there seem a number of missed opportunities. Little is revealed about model Hugh Laing, an English ballet dancer, less still about his black counterpart Juante Meadows, which Smalls blames, perhaps too hastily, on limited sources. In his close readings, therefore, Smalls must perpetuate the racializing discourses he critiques, referring to the two repeatedly as '' the white man'' and '' the black man'' (68, 72). He notes Meadows's sullen countenance but does not elaborate on his complicated interactions with as many as four white collaborators at a shoot – Laing, lighting assistant Mark Lutz, Van Vechten and the friend whose Connecticut estate he uses – preferring instead to probe, with considerable success, the photographer's individual psychosexual dynamics around the fetish, the self and the other. Images are sometimes treated in isolation, without reference to Van Vechten's better-known portraits of black and white celebrities. How might arguments about primitivism and a sculpted ''head of the africaine '' (67), a prop in images of Laing and Meadows, be strengthened with reference to its use in a portrait of Isak Dinesen? Would claims about camp and a glittery curtain creating a ''hallucinatory, dreamlike space '' (103) of erotic fantasy be revised if we know it was also the backdrop to portraits of Marion Anderson, Leontyne Price, Jerome Robbins and Arthur Rubinstein? For a repetitious text, given to liberal quoting of other scholars, we rarely hear Van Vechten's own words, which might have provided better support for – or a challenge to – uncharacteristically totalizing assertions that he '' failed to consider _ the inherent inequity of power between whites and blacks '' (61), that his images ''disallow[ed] any real power or voice for the black man'' (63). Similarly, Van Vechten might have been saved from the occasional psychologizing of his efforts as ''obsessive, '' ''myopic, '' ''maniacal '' (113). Even so, with perceptive comparisons to the work of more recent black photographers such as Rotimi Fani-Kayode and Ajamu Ikwe Tyekimba, Smalls tracks compelling trajectories in twentieth-century, interracial, homoerotic photography. His important book will surely inform much new work in the field.


Abstract : A cobalt-free maraging steel, Vasco Max t-250, is being used as a replacement for the conventional, 18% Ni 300 grade maraging steel used by the Army. The thrust of this programs was to characterized the microstructure of annealed and aged specimens using optical and electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The structure of the annealed sample is a heavily dislocated lath martensite. The aged sample are a lath martensite that contains very fine Ni3Ti second phase particles. The precipitates are coherent with the matrix and form in a Widmanstatten pattern. The Ni3Ti precipitates are a very effective strengthening phase of the Vasco Mas T-250 and the aging temperature that appears to optimize the strengthening precipitates is 950 F.


The invention provides a power supply conversion module which is a full digital module and comprises a reference voltage generating unit, a voltage loop control unit, a current loop control unit, an input voltage compensation unit and a pulse width modulation generating unit. According to the power supply conversion module, an external driver is used for driving a bridge switch unit to convert an input power supply into a stable output power supply so as to supply power for an external loading device; and the voltage loop control unit and the current loop control unit are provided with proportional integral differentiators and used for receiving signals relevant to current and voltage of the loading device to form a voltage control loop and a current control loop, and the pulse width modulation generating unit has a function of setting required dead time and is used for improving qualities of the output power supply and reducing influences of the input power supply and loading changes so as to provide a stable sine wave output power supply for the external loading device.


Abstract Background: Fasting Ramadan is practiced by Muslims globally. Compliance with health team advice on ability to fast or not, medication and lifestyle adjustments are the corner stone of achieving optimal diabetes control and avoiding complications with fasting. We aimed in this study to evaluate the attitudes and practice of Muslim patients with diabetes during fasting Ramadan, and to assess their compliance with the medical instructions provided by their healthcare team. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in four Medical Centers under the Ministry of National Guard health affairs in four cities: Al-Ahsa, Dammam, Jeddah and Riyadh. All patients with diabetes followed in the diabetes clinics within three months post Ramadan and who met the study inclusion and exclusion criteria were approached and consented for participation in the study, and then filled a self-administered validated 15 items questionnaire. Results: Data for 1438 diabetics were analyzed; 1207 (83.9%) T2DM and 231 (16.1%) T1DM. The mean age was 57.9 ± 14.9 years. 270 (18.8%) suffered multiple comorbidities. 559 (46.3%) of T2DM vs 22 (9.5%) of T1DM were not familiar with the type of their diabetes. 883 (73.2%) of T2DM were on combination therapy. There was a significant difference between T1DM and T2DM in health education received from the treating physician 168 (72.7%) vs 574 (47.6%) and from a dietician 165 (71.4%) vs 613 (50.8%) (p<0.0001), but education received from diabetes educators was not significantly different 189 (81.8%) vs 936 (77.6%) (p=0.15). Patients who followed diet advise were only 55 (23.8%) vs 43 (36.4%), respectively, (p=0.0002). 1191 (82.8%) reported fasting the full month, 162 (11.3%) were advised by their physicians to not fast. Patients who did not fast full Ramadan were 247 (17.2%), one third 92 (37.25%) of them based on physician advise with a compliance rate of (56.8%). Blood sugar was not well controlled before Ramadan and did not change significantly after Ramadan with a mean HbA1c (8.41 ± 2.0 and 8.40 ± 2.1) respectively, p-value 0.53. Multivariate analyses revealed that being on insulin, and prior hospitalization for diabetes were significant predictors of compliance with physicians advice related to fasting Ramadan [(OR 4.5, 95% CI, 1.7 - 12.2, p-value 0.003), (2.3, 95% CI, 1.2 - 5.1, p-value 0.048)] respectively, while lack of receiving education, type of diabetes, and degree of glycemic control did not predict compliance with statistical significance [(OR 1.9, 95% CI, 0.8 - 4.6, p-value 1.5), (1.06, 95% CI, 0.4 - 2.6, p-value 0.89), (1.3, 95% CI, 0.5 - 3.5, p-value 0.56)] respectively. Majority of patients were aware of a religious "Fatwa" on fasting with diabetes but their understanding of it varied. Conclusion: The study shows low level of patient awareness and compliance to health providers advice. Results indicate prior hospitalization and being on insulin treatment as predictors of patient compliance. This signifies the need for better structured diabetes and fasting education programs. Unless otherwise noted, all abstracts presented at ENDO are embargoed until the date and time of presentation. For oral presentations, the abstracts are embargoed until the session begins. Abstracts presented at a news conference are embargoed until the date and time of the news conference. The Endocrine Society reserves the right to lift the embargo on specific abstracts that are selected for promotion prior to or during ENDO.


The effects of atmospheric dispersion are well known in astrometry and astronomical spectroscopy. To reduce these effects, glass prisms are used. Two different prisms, coupled together, give better corrections. However glass dispersion curves do not match very well the dispersion of the atmosphere and secondary spectrum of the order of 50-100 milliarcseconds (mas) or more will be present. I propose a method to find solutions with residuals less than few parts of 10 milliarcsecond and I show some results.


The Late Cretaceous epoch, together with the Danian age, are considered to be a very significant period in the history of the Earth's geological development. In the seas of that period there dwelled various fauna, including Echinoidea. The high level of their evolution is connected to the above-mentioned epoch (especially to its end). Evidently, in the Late Cretaceous-Early Paleocene there were appropriate conditions for the spread of Echinoidea in the water area of the Caucasus. Echinoid fauna of that period in the Caucasus is represented by four orders of the so-called "irregularities" Holectypoida, Cassiduloida, Holasteroida, Spatangoida the latter two orders being distinguished for their high level of evolution. © 2010 Bull. Georg. Natl. Acad. Sci.


The long-term use of standard dosing of TNFi therapy is costly and not without side effects, including infections, tuberculosis and potential malignancies(1,2,). Hence, we undertook this study to determine whether dose reduction of TNFi therapy may be possible in a realworld setting and if REDOSER tool(3) is an appropriateness criteria for reducing the dose of BT.Describe the percentage of patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD) who continue with dose reduction of biological therapy (BT). Evaluate relapse in clinical practice after 2 years of follow-up. Identify factors associated with relapse.Retrospective observational study. Patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axial SpA), psoriatic arthritis (PSA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in BT dose reduction. Inclusion criteria: Axial SpA according to ASAS criteria, APS according to CASPAR criteria and RA according to ACR2010 criteria, who have started reducing the dose of BT treatment between 2009-2019 at the Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Spain. Protocol: patients with TB are followed prospectively in a monographic consultation with a pre-established protocol. The day of dose reduction = baseline visit (v0). Variables:Maintained dose reduction: % of patients who maintained dose reduction from the start of optimization to the index date (data collection). Relapse at 12 and 24 months: % of patients who, after starting dose reduction, returned to the previous or usual dose. Other variables: Demographic, time to diagnosis and evolution of the disease, clinical-analytical: disease activity (DAS28, DAPSA and BASDAI) and physical function (HAQ, BASFI). Previous treatments. Appropriateness criteria for reducing the dose of BT according to REDOSER (1): 1.appropriate, 2. inappropiate, 3. uncertain. Statistical analysis: Descriptive, bivariate, multivariate logistic regression (VD: relapse).One hundred twenty-nine patients with axial SpA, PSA and RA in BT dose reduction were included. The mean time from the start of BT to dose reduction was 38.1 months (16.6-73.1). The mean time in dose optimization was 19.5(±15.7) months. At the end of follow-up, 70.2% of the patients (87pts) achieved a sustained dose reduction. At 12 months and 24 months, 12.4% and 11.6% of patients relapsed, respectively. At the end of follow-up, there were no differences between baseline inflammatory activity and after 24 months in dose reduction measured by the different indexes: DAS28 (1.9[0.7] Vs 2.1[1, 7], p=0.323; DAPSA (5.4[4.9] Vs 4.8[4. 7], p=0.718, and BASDAI (1.5[1.1] Vs 1.4[1.3], p=0.867). Retrospectively, we evaluated the appropriateness of optimization according to the REDOSER tool (1) at the end of follow-up and it was observed that 85% of patients who maintained the dose reduction had an appropriate REDOSER and 14.5% uncertain and none inappropriate p<0.001.Dose reduction of BT in IRD is possible in most patients, maintaining low disease activity or remission at 24 months, compared to baseline.Relapse was associated with a longer evolution time of the IRD, a longer diagnostic delay, a higher inflammatory activity measured by the respective indices and a uncertain or inappropriate result of the REDOSER tool. This tool can be very useful used prior to the assessment of TB dose reduction[1]Galloway JB, et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2011;70:1810_4.[2]Dixon WG, et al. Ann RheumDis 2010;69:522_8.[3]González-Álvaro I, Blasco AJ, Lázaro et al. Heliyon. 2017 Nov 14;3(11):e00452.Sara Manrique Arija Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Gedeon, Jansen, Lilly, Menarini, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, UCB.Consultant of: Abbvie, Jansen, Lilly, Novartis, Sanofi.Alba María Cabezas-Lucena: None declared, FJavier Godoy-Navarrete: None declared, Maria Morales-Águila: None declared, Rocio Redondo: None declared, Natalia Mena-Vázquez: None declared


Radiation and chemical combined effects on MHD free convective heat and mass transfer flow of viscous, incompressible, conducting elastic fluid through porous medium finite by a porous plate within the presence of heat generation/absorption is studied. The momentum, energy and mass diffusion equations are coupled non-linear partial differential equations; these are solved by applying two term perturbation methodology and mistreatment software system MATLAB. The options of the fluid flow, heat and mass transfer characteristics are analyzed by plotting graphs and mentioned qualitatively.


Objective To assess whether a wrapped-core structure composite scaffold possesses the biocompatibility in vitro.Methods The wrapped-core structure composite scaffold composed of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)/β-TCP skeleton wrapped with type Ⅰ collagen was manufactured via LDM,and PLGA/β-TCP scaffold was chosen as the control group.SEM was used to study morphology of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the surface of the original scaffolds.Hydrophilicity was estimated by water absorption ratio.Cell proliferation was estimated by methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay and the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was estimated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP).Results The water absorption of the original scaffold [(18.1 ± 0.4) %] was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than that of the control group [(2.6 ±0.3)%].After co-culture of BMSCs for 6,10,and 14 days,the A values of original scaffolds and control groups were 0.28 ± 0.09,0.60 ± 0.10,0.76 ± 0.10,and 0.19 ± 0.09,0.36 ±0.05,0.46 ± 0.12,respectively; the activities of ALP were 124.33 ± 14.22,189.00 ± 19.52,230.00 ± 12.12,and 78.33 ± 8.02,105.67 ± 7.77,123.67 ± 20.84,respectively.There was significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05).Conclusion The wrapped-core structure composite scaffold possesses admirable biocompatibility and is expected to be of useful value in bone tissue engineering.

Key words:
Bone tissue engineering; Scaffold; Biocompatibility


Few studies from CSCW or HCI address ERP systems or other software used to integrate and monitor production processes. However, as ERP systems are software to be used to support and monitor highly co-operative efforts of producing and selling goods, and as the management and control of these processes is also a co-operative activity, results from this area might give indications for improvements. This position paper explores a set of questions regarding the embedment of ERP systems and especially a yet fictive one based on the REA ontology into the dynamics of everyday work in. Introduction This position paper is about operationalizing REA not only for analysis and knowledge management [7] but also as a meta-model for a fictive enterprise resource management system. ERP systems are highly adaptable and tailorable software systems. However, in the ERP literature, the subject of configuring and tailoring is normally discussed as a problem. The more the system has to be adapted to the specific organization the greater the risk for failure for the return of investment. [5, 2] On the other hand the implementation of ERP is understood and treated as streamlining the organization under development to fit with the practices supported by the specific ERP. One of the reasons for this mismatch between the implemented flexibility and the needs of different organization might be the fact that ERP systems historically developed 'inside-out' integrating different modules that in themselves where developed as stand alone software, addressing the specific sub-domain instead of implementing a more abstract model. [9] Building an ERP system on a simple but powerful meta-model for accountancy like the REA ontology might allow to support a variety of business practices with the same basic idea about accounting and management. If the model is powerful enough to accommodate different business areas and developments within the business as well as each company, it might be a good base to accommodate fitting degrees and dimensions of variability. Designing what should be adaptable by whom, and what kinds of interfaces are suitable to support the tailoring is not a trivial task. It should be based on thorough knowledge of the application domains and the work practices that should be supported, and the design of the variability is tightly coupled with the underlying architecture decisions. [4] Research on tailoring or end-user development has so far not addressed the adaptation of enterprise resource planning systems. (Though it is mentioned in [13] as a very promising application area.) The reason for this might have been that the de-facto


The quality control of composite structure includes inspection, testing and monitoring in all processes from receiving inspection to part fabrication. The purpose of these activities is to ensure that the design objectives are consistently achieved. The quality factors include material, receiving inspection, storage and shelf-life control, environmental control, testing, inspection and record control. This paper presents the process verification method using destructive test and quality control method in composite structure of aircraft. And it is believed that the destructive test will be basis to obtain a reliability of non-destructive test in complex composite structure and to ensure the design requirements in composite part.


Environmental health is a set of effects and interactions between humans and their surroundings. The result of these interactions can promote or endanger human health. Accordingly, environmental hazards could be termed as events which threaten the health of inhabitants of that environment either reversible or irreversible (1). Although these hazards comprise pollutants and natural disasters, most of the environmental risks are related to industrial and technological advances that negatively affect the environment and human's health (1). Generally, man-made hazards can be classified into four categories: Chemical, physical (mechanical), biological, and psychosocial (1). Chemical hazards are those created by chemical substances that can cause significant damages to the environment and ultimately to humans. Some examples are soil pollution and smoking (1). Physical hazards are a kind of occupational hazards, which can be hazardous by contact or non-contact such as noise pollution or X-ray (1). Biological hazards are referred to those biological substances that pose a threat to the health of living organisms, in particular, humans (1). The examples are allergens, infectious epidemics, and food poisoning. The fourth category is psychosocial hazards, which include stress, violence, other stressors, and so on (2). One of the dimensions of community health promotion is the consideration of environmental mechanisms that affect the individuals' health by ecological effects. Environmental pollutions, including water pollution, air pollution, and noise pollution, reduce health status. Evidently, the effects of environmental hazards are more severe on women than on men. Not only physiologically, but also socioeconomically are women more vulnerable to environmental hazards. They threaten women from childhood to old age. In wars, the main victims of violence and socioeconomic consequences are women (3). Research shows that an increase in fine particles in the air exerts negative effects on mental health. The effect of air pollution has been proven on cardiovascular disease, pulmonary diseases such as asthma, stroke, various cancers, and even early death (4). In general, women are less likely to develop heart disease compared to men, but cardiovascular diseases remarkably increase per 10 micrograms of pollutants per square meter of air in diabetic women (5). The concept that housewives who spend most of their time at home are less exposed to the dangers of air pollution is wrong. According to evidence, air pollution creates a major risk for women who are active at home. In fact, two types of air pollution threaten housewives. The first is pollution from outside, as, in large cities, contaminants' levels do not significantly differ inside and outside the house. The second type of pollution is caused by cooking and inhalation of gases from detergents (6). The inhalation of air pollution both inside and outside the house poses a health risk to women. Air pollutants such as suspended particles and heavy metals can reduce the fertility of women (6). On the other hand, women who present in out-of-home work environments, due to the dual responsibility at home and work environment, are more prone to mental harm, and if the risk of sexual violence is added to, their vulnerability will be far greater (7). The effect of climate change on the health of women and men is different and depends on geographic and socioeconomic factors. Meanwhile, women, especially those in higher poverty, are at a higher risk of climate change effects. Climate change causes women's mortality to increase and their life expectancy to decrease (7). Women and girls are at an increased risk of physical, sexual, and domestic violence after events and disasters. These effects are strengthened by reducing the socio-economic status of women (7). Despite the fact that women are globally more vulnerable to environmental hazards, government laws have pro-


The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia is attacking not only public health but also the economy. The presence of Covid-19 has many important impacts on developed countries. There are at least four industries most impacted by this pandemic, including households, MSMEs, companies and the financial industry. However, the halal industry is believed to be more resilient to the Covid-19 pandemic. This durability is because of the principles attributed to the halal sector, namely the importance of fairness, balance and openness. The author's goal is therefore to carry out more in-depth research on the role of the halal industry in supporting the national economy, which is under pressure because of the COVID-19 pandemic. This type of study is a literature review with a material analysis approach that explores the conditions of the halal industry in Indonesia in depth. The material received is as books, published information, and online news. The findings of this study reveal that there are three halal business sectors that are believed to be more vulnerable to the Covid-19 pandemic in order to facilitate national economic recovery. Halal finance, halal food and halal fashion industries are among them. Halal finance from both the banking sector and the Islamic stock market has proved to be more robust than the mainstream financial sector. Besides guaranteed halal food, its wellbeing is also guaranteed, and halal fashion is now on the rise as Muslim fashion is increasingly innovative and global. We believe the three of them to have experienced vigorous growth, and also to continue to draw customers. And also after the Covid-19 pandemic, these three sectors could survive. Thus the halal industry also contributes to Indonesian economy.


THESE COSMETIC SKIN REGENERATING ARE CHARACTERIZED AS THEY INCLUDE A 40 0.5 MASS OF ALGAE AND CONTAINING SELENIUM 99.5 TO 60 WEIGHT UNSATURATED FATTY ACID OR DERIVATIVES THEREOF, MIXED WITH MEDIA ETOU ADDITIVES COMMONLY USED IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY AND POSSIBLY ANTIOXIDANT.


In this paper the SP2I (single-stage plus 2/sup i/) interconnection network, which is applicable to the CVCVHP with VCM (cellular vector computer of vertical-horizontal processing with virtual common memory) and other multiprocessor systems, is discussed. Starting from the need for dynamic and parallel data alignment, the authors investigate various properties of conflict-free routing, and describes the iteration method of automatic vector-routing which may be used to solve the conflict problem in the SP2I network. Furthermore, they extend the iteration method to the networks of ADM, omega, delta, indirect binary n-cube, baseline, etc. The problem of routing conflict in these networks, which has not been well solved so far, may be solved efficiently. Finally, the implementation methods of several common data manipulation functions without conflict are given. 11 references.


Gonorrhea (GC) infections caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae are an ongoing public health issue and have shown resistance to nearly all antibiotic classes, including cephalosporins which are a CDC recommended treatment. We investigated national GC testing and Ceftriaxone resistance in VA.

 GC cases identified from VA data sources from 1/1/2010-12/15/2019 by either molecular laboratory testing or GC culture with sensitivity testing. Patients were reviewed for positive results, whether culture testing was performed after 2 positive molecular GC results in < 90 days, and sensitivity patterns.

 10,642 of 644,968 (2%) GC molecular results were positive with annual number of positive cases (1,365 to 3,225), number of tests performed (97,636 to 164,085) and percent positive for GC (1.4% to 2%) increasing over the time period studied. 2,358/10,642 (22%) of positive molecular test results had repeat testing < 3mo with 351 (15%) positive on repeat testing which is concerning for possible resistance. 2,624 GC cultures were performed with 2,179 (83%) positive. 1,480/2,179 (68%) positive GC culture tests had some sensitivity testing performed. Culture testing remained stable with 287 in 2010 to 289 in 2019 with percent positive ranging from 78-89%. Of the 351 patients with repeat positive GC molecular testing done < 3mo from their positive molecular test, only 18 (5%) had GC culture testing performed proximal to the second positive test. Among all cultured isolates, resistance to Ceftriaxone was noted in 1 sample in 2017 in Missouri (also intermediate resistance to Tetracycline) and 1 in 2019 in New Jersey (also resistant to Penicillin, Tetracycline, and Ciprofloxacin).

 In VA, GC infections have increased from 2010 to 2019 and GC culture testing has remained stable despite increasing molecular testing. Only 2 samples were identified with Ceftriaxone resistance. However, the low percentage of GC culture testing after persistent positive molecular testing in VA could mask treatment failures and possible resistance. Culture testing with sensitivity testing should be increased in VA in cases where patients may have resistance to initial treatments (i.e., – repeat positive testing less than 3 months after a positive test).

 All Authors: No reported disclosures


We have adapted the Barnes-Hut hierarchical N-body method for cos-mological applications. A detailed study of the resulting code yielded the following conclusions: it is SIMPLE, FLEXIBLE, ACCURATE, ROBUST, and EFFICIENT. -SIMPLE: in the hierarchical method the force exerted on a particle by a dis-tant cluster of particles is evaluated using a truncated multipole expansion. In our implementation, only the monopole term is retained. Consider the ratio of the transverse size of a cluster, s, to its distance from a particle, d. If s/d is greater than some fixed value 0, the cluster is divided into subcomponents. This procedure can be performed efficiently if the particles are organized into a nested hierarchy of clusters or cells using a tree data structure. Our code is based on a recursive division of space into cubic cells. The spatial resolution is not limited by a grid. -FLEXIBLE: apart from the easy accuracy control through the value given to 0, it is also possible to consider various geometries and boundary conditions, i.e. freely-expanding, quasi-, and fully-periodic boundaries. (In the quasi-periodic case, the forces are computed as if the box was always centered on the particles, but there are no replicas of the distribution outside of the centered box.) -ACCURATE: a simple way to estimate the accuracy of the code is to compare the results with those of an N 2 code, in which the forces are computed exactly by summing all the 2-body interactions. We performed detailed comparisons of the evolution of 4096 particles. Visual inspection, computation of 2-point correla-tion functions, and measurement of the relative differences in the computed forces showed very good agreement between the 2 sets of experiments. We have also tested the code for Ν up to 32768, a < 30 (where a is the expansion factor), and a smoothing parameter down


Abstract Pest levels and yields of peanut were monitored in growers' fields in 1991 through 1993. Yields ranged from 2085 to 6440 kg/ha and averaged 3947 kg/ha over the 3 yr. Incidence of southern stem rot (SSR) (caused by Sclerotium rolfsii) averaged 7.6 foci (up to 30 cm in length) per 30.5 m row and ranged from 0 to 31.0 foci. Peanut yield tended to be inversely related to incidence of SSR and directly related to the number of years between peanut crops. Incidence of SSR was inversely related to number of years between peanut crops and was consistently greater in fields cropped to peanut every other year compared to other fields with less intensive peanut production. Yields obtained from irrigated fields averaged 11.4% greater than those without irrigation. Leaf spot control programs used by growers provided consistent levels of control. Peanut seed invasion by aflatoxigenic fungi and plant damage by larvae of the lesser cornstalk borer (Elasmopalus lignosellus) generally were low. Seed invasion by Asp...


Improved crossed beams differential collision cross sections for H2–Ar and H2–Kr have been measured and new data obtained for H2–Xe with a new beam modulation technique. The data have been analyzed with simple potential energy functions. The resulting potentials are in quite good agreement with those obtained in other laboratories from the velocity dependence of the integral collision cross section and the analysis of the infrared spectra of the hydrogen–noble gas complexes. The predictions of several simple combination rules are also examined.


We calculate, in the quasistatic coupled dipole approximation, the analytical expressions of the effective dielectric tensor of a single layer of polydisperse ellipsoidal nanoparticles with two of their principal axes in the layer's plane and embedded in a homogeneous dielectric medium. The organization (isotropic or anisotropic) and orientation (without or with a preferential in-plane orientation) of the nanoparticles is taken into account, together with their (possibly correlated) in-plane size, in-plane projected shape, and height distributions. In particular, we propose to describe the response of a layer of nanoparticles presenting a height distribution by using a vertically graded effective medium model. The expressions are tested in the case of finely characterized dielectric/silver/dielectric granular trilayers grown by means of vapor deposition in which the silver coalesced nanoparticles present correlated in-plane size and in-plane projected shape/height distributions and a moderate surface coverage of about 25%. A satisfactory quantitative agreement is obtained between the simulated and measured surface plasmon extinction bands of the metal nanoparticles. This agreement is permitted by the capability of the effective medium model of taking into account the ellipsoidal shape of the nanoparticles. The significant role of the size and shape distributions is also demonstrated.


A novel β-ketoimine-functionalized 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (4-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4-ylamino)pent-3-en-2-one, L2H) was synthesized and used as chelating ligand for the complexation with Zn(II) (complex ZnL2). The spectroscopic and photophysical properties of L2H and ZnL2 as well as those of previously described 4-amino-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (L1) and its complex ZnL1 have been thoroughly studied in the crystalline state and solution. The UV-Vis absorption spectra of free ligands L1, L2H and its deprotonated form L2−, and complexes ZnL1 and ZnL2 were assigned on the basis of TD-DFT calculations. In contrast to ZnL2 having conventional single-band fluorescence, ZnL1 demonstrates a broad double-band purple-white fluorescence spanning the entire visible region. On the basis of careful spectroscopic studies the second band of this unusual fluorescence spectrum was attributed to the presence of traces of free ligand L1 in the crystals of complex ZnL1. The energy transfer from the excited state of ZnL1 to a free ligand L1 was revealed.


Several optical methods have proved useful as a diagnostic tool for characterizing various skin disorders. The techniques vary from non-coherent methods such as, e.g., time independent reflectance spectroscopy and phase resolved photon migration based on evaluating the phase of the envelope of a high frequency amplitude modulated optical beam. A typical example a coherent or interferometric technique is optical coherence tomography where the spatial resolution is determined by the small coherence length a superluminescent diode source. Various infrared or thermal techniques are also important, ranging from imaging of the normal black body emission to time resolved measurements of the surface temperature initiated by transient selective heating of subcutaneous structures, such as, e.g., blood vessels.1-3)


Class III malocclusion is among the most difficult malocclusion to be corrected, especially using orthodontic means alone. This is a case report of23-year-old male patient with a chief complaint of irregularly placed teeth and difficulty in mastication,having skeletal class III base and anterior crossbite treated successfully by orthodontic camouflage and non extraction treatment approach.


The population structure, density and biomass of three species of ungulates-Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus), Wild Pig (Sus scrofa) and Chinkara (Gazella bennetti) were studied in ten grasslands of Central Saurashtra, Western India during 2011-12 using the distance sampling method. The total transect length involving all the study sites was 38.44 km which was walked for a total of 16 times resulting in a sampling effort of 615.04 km. The mean group size at all the sites for Nilgai, Wild Pig and Chinkara were 5.403±0.95 (SE), 7±0.63 (SE) and 5.4±0.63 (SE) respectively. Average estimated densities of 40.52 Nilgai km-2, 50.58 Wild Pig km-2 and 1.64 Chinkara km-2 were recorded from all sites. The sex ratios were usually biased towards females except in some cases in Nilgai. The Nilgai and Chinkara were usually seen to be solitary or form small herds while Wild Pigs were more gregarious forming herds of more than 6 individuals. The group size in all three species did not vary between sites and between seasons. The average wild ungulate biomass at all the studied grassland sites was computed to be 4569.95 kg km-2.


Most of the chromite mines are located in Orissa. It increases the economic status of our country, but adversely reduces the ecological cover. Chromium and its compounds are exclusively used in chromium based industries such as leather tanning, textiles, metallurgical industries, mechanical and mining engineering industries, chemical and metal finishing industries, ferrochrome, pigments, electroplating and photography. These generate considerable quantity of toxic chromium pollutants which contaminates 6000-18000 mg/kg (ppm) of total chromium (including hexavalent chromium) in air, water and soil environment . This chromium pollution produces adverse health effects on the workers and those people who are exposed in the vicinity. They suffer from chromium based diseases such as chromium poisoning, ulcer, allergic dermatitis, lung cancer, lever necrosis, brain damage, premature death, lever and kidney problems. Several countries have initiated regulatory measures to control chromium pollution, but Indian companies have not initiated so far. It is essential to evolve control and preventive measures which are to be taken at the planning stages in these industries as prevention is better than cure, very little or nothing can be done if the toxic chromium reaches the air, water and soil environment. In these industries , workers must be provided with personal protection equipments, adequate safety guards and devices. It is to be ensured that Worker's Compensation Law and Occupational Disease Law must be enacted in these industries. Experience has shown that approximately 80% of all industrial disasters are preventable (2006). In this paper how chromium exposure can lead to the toxic effects on health of the people and necessary proactive steps to eliminate chromium pollution through case studies have been provided. Key-Words: alternate, assessment , technologies , chromium, eco-friendly, impact, hexavalent , product, unsafe


Through the 1990s, Charles Arntzen traveled the lecture circuit, describing technologies for producing edible vaccines in the form of antigen-carrying bananas or other tissues from green plants. Now the Arizona State University (ASU) researcher calls himself guilty of fostering this "oddball" idea, but still sees a bright future in efficiently producing in green plants antigenic proteins for use in vaccines or other medicinal products —and then purifying and formulating them in ways more suited to traditional regulatory review and dispensing modes.


Th e article is devoted to the defi nition of meaningful characteristics of the notion «fi nancial stability of the banking system», which allows to isolate and systematize the most important ones, distinguish them from other related concepts, and further use it in the process of developing tools for ensuring the fi nancial stability of the banking system. For the allocation of content components and clarifi cation of the concept of «fi nancial stability of the banking system», content analysis was used, which is a formalized method of analysis of textual and graphical information, the main and central tool of which is the system of categories. Based on the study of the content of the category «fi nancial stability of the banking system», the systematization and ranking of its key components were carried out through the content analysis procedure — in terms of the theoretical approach and approach of the central banks of diff erent countries. Th e common components are singled out, which are included in the structure of the own interpretation of the investigated concept. Th e importance of introducing into the definition of «fi nancial stability of the banking system» the criterion of effi ciency is emphasized and its connection with financial stability is defi ned, which implies not only constant, but also eff ective ability to perform the assigned functions. Th e importance of introducing into the composition of the investigated category of risk component is proved, which in the current conditions of banking activity is not suffi ciently specifi ed theoretically, but is practically included in the composition of the relevant macroprudential procedures.


The differences be-tween the groups at the upper and lower extremities suggest that changes in ultrasound transmission velocity are not only affected by structural changes in the aging skeleton, as it might be suggested by age differences. but by exercise. Physical exercise can change the properties (structure and/or density) of weight-bearing bone and this can be detected by measuring ultrasound velocity.