formers, was still an infant social institution. Brought into being on July 1,1899, it had been a pioneering venture, symbolizing the culmination of many years of effort in the slow evolution of society's method of caring for children. It had also been the climax of intensive specific efforts that had been taking place in Illinois for a decade or more. The first Juvenile Court Act, creating the juvenile court as a branch of the Circuit Court of Cook County and as a function of the county courts elsewhere in the state, had been passed with only one dissenting vote. The new court was given jurisdiction over dependent, neglected, and delinquent children. In a sense, the new law crystallized prior legislation affecting dependent and neglected children, but, most important of all, it devised a new way of dealing with delinquents. It provided a clear recognition of the increasing belief that children who were offenders against the law were in need of the protection of the state rather than punishment for their offenses.


In this article, a 4H-SiC metal-insulator-semiconductor-insulator-metal (MISIM) ultraviolet (UV) photodetector (PD) with a normal working temperature up to 550 °C, has been successfully fabricated and characterized for the first time. At 550 °C, the dark current of our fabricated MISIM remains at ~0.2 nA level and a record photo-to-dark current ratio (PDCR) of 62.7 is achieved at a reverse bias voltage of −15 V. Under 275 nm illumination, high responsivity (R) of 0.23 and 0.54 A/W have been achieved at room temperature (RT) and 550 °C, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the best result reported for high-temperature UV detectors based on the 4H-SiC. This work is significant for developing high-temperature 4H-SiC-based UV PDs.


By field manipulations of nutrients, propagules, and canopy cover in a shallow rocky subtidal, we show that dominance by a leathery macrophyte (Fucus vesiculosus) controls net production and the propagation of nutrient effects on understory algal species richness. On substrates with propagules, canopy cover prevented a significant loss of diversity from nutrient enrichment demonstrated outside canopy cover. On sterile substrates, negative canopy effects on diversity were counteracted by nutrient enrichment. Experimental manipulations produced a significant hump‐shaped relationship between species richness and log net production, with low richness at low or high biomass production and highest richness at intermediate biomass production. By strong control of net primary production, canopy cover changed the algal understory community to an alternative production state and thereby generated a switch in the relationship between net primary production and species richness from negative outside canopy cover to positive inside. This demonstrates that species contributing to biological structure and habitat diversity can determine the responses of a coastal ecosystem to resource loading.


and its size, one only needs to add that the author has been a Commissioner under the Commonwealth and Conciliation Act for over 25 years, and that is almost the review completed. Mr Portus has, I think, sketched sufficiently for his purpose the principal developments over this period. He has understandably adopted a factual and impartial approach. There is certainly less passion here than there was in the famous New Province for Law and Order of H. B. Higgins, the first President of the Arbitration Court, published just half a century ago, also by the W.E.A., but it is still a sympathetic treatment of the arbitration system, and there is


The invention relates to a building material type photovoltaic component with the characteristic of light modulation and a photovoltaic system. The photovoltaic component is characterized in that a photovoltaic module, a hollow-out rubber separation bar, and a light modulation module are laminated successively. The hollow-out rubber separation bar is arranged along the four edges between the photovoltaic module and the light modulation module; and the photovoltaic module and the light modulation module are connected into an integrated one by a silicone sealant coated on the upper surface and the lower surface of the hollow-out rubber separation bar. The hollow-out rubber separation bar enables the photovoltaic module and the light modulation module to be separated to form a closed hollow cavity. In addition, the photovoltaic system is composed of a building material type photovoltaic component, a DC-DC voltage reduction module, a grid-connected inverter, and a cable. Because the building material type photovoltaic component is integrated with solar photovoltaic power generation and electro variable-color light modulation, the clean energy can be produced by the photovoltaic way and dependence on the traditional energy is reduced and the electro variable-color glass can be driven by the photovoltaic power to adjust transmitting solar radiation, so that the more energy-saving effect of the building can be realized.


Introduction: Current observations of surface geology suggest that ancient basins on Mars were once host to lakes and possibly oceans that may have been depocenters of sedimentary materials, including hydrated minerals like phyllosilicates[e.g., 1]. Later resurfacing by volcanic and additional sedimentary deposits may have developed a unique stratigraphy within the basins that can be detected from orbit using radar sounding data from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) SHallow RADar (SHARAD) instrument [2]. Data: We investigated possible evidence of basin stratigraphy through a survey of 797 SHARAD radargrams covering multiple regions of the Martian surface, including the Isidis basin (3-29°N, 78-100°E) and 60 "Open Basin Lakes" (OBLs) with areas larger than 1000 km, as classified by Fassett and Head (2008) [1]. Radar simulations of surface clutter ("cluttergrams") were compared with each radargram to confirm the presence of real subsurface returns[3]. Previous geologic mapping has suggested that Isidis basin (diameter 1500 km) has a number of layered sedimentary (mass wasting and fluvial deposits) and volcanic deposits [4,5], making it a good target for radar detection of subsurface stratigraphy. The OBLs are generally smaller than Isidis Basin, ranging in area from ~10 to 2 x 10 km, and have both inlet and outlet channels that suggest that they were once filled with water to at least the topographic level of their outlet channels [1,6]. Several OBLs have been resurfaced by volcanic material which could potentially overlay ancient lake deposits. Methods: To determine the presence of a real subsurface interface, each radargram was overlaid onto its corresponding clutter simulation (Figure 1). Radar returns appearing in the radargrams but not in the cluttergrams were considered to be "real." We also examined the traverse of the corresponding SHARAD observation within the Java Mission-planning and Analysis for Remote Sensing (JMARS) program to confirm that detected interfaces were within the basin of interest. Further, we used previous geologic maps [7] and a THEMIS daytime IR mosaic [8] for geologic context. The depth to an identified subsurface interface (h) was calculated using an IDL program that first automatically selects the surface reflection. The subsurface reflection is defined by a manual trace that is then automatically refined based on surrounding maximum power values (Fig. 2). The column height between the surface and subsurface returns (n, in pixels) is then calculated, allowing the depth, h, to be calculated:


Based on brief summary of the present status of metal ore exploration,principle,features and application of some common and advance geophysical and geochemical exploration methods in resource exploration in China since 1980s are discussed.


Metro subway systems with underground tunnels form the backbone of urban transportations and therefore, accurate monitoring and maintenance of such subway systems are extremely necessary for a hassle-free daily commutation of billions of people. Though 3-D models of tunnels are widely used for the deformation monitoring of such subway tunnels, existing model-based tunnel monitoring systems rely on coarse geometric models and hence fail to capture complete tunnel health information. We present a two-stage algorithm to create high-fidelity geometric models of tunnel lining from Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) point clouds. Tunnel geometry, defined at the detailed block entity level, is constructed through a data-driven block segmentation algorithm and a model-driven assembly technique. In our approach, the 3-D tunnel block segmentation problem has been translated into a bolt and lining joint recognition problem from 2-D images unfolded from the 3-D scans. The segmented 3-D blocks are matched with a set of predefined 3-D templates from a primitive library via a constraint total least squares matching method and the matched 3-D templates are assembled to create the final watertight tunnel model. The proposed tunnel modeling method has been comprehensively evaluated on Changzhou, Nanjing, and Wuhan tunnel data sets in terms of outliers, missing data, point density, topological representation, robustness, and geometric accuracy. The experiments on Nanjing and Changzhou metro tunnels show that the geometric model fitting incurs an error of only 7 mm, which is almost consistent with a mean density of 6 mm of these two data sets. Experimental results validate the advantages and potentials of the proposed tunnel modeling method.


Many companies are presently considering 100% oxyfuel firing of glass melting furnaces. The most recent conversions in Europe, North America and Southeast Asia have been driven by both environmental regulations and the need for increased production. Virtually all segments of the glass industry in the United States have now implemented 100% oxy-fuel combustion technology. This paper describes Combustion Tec's experience in various segments of the glass industry for design and implementation of Primefire oxy-fuel technology. To begin, the experience has given valuable insight in how a conversion affects the various personnel throughout the glass plant. This paper identifies some of the issues for those planning to convert. Following this, we discuss the findings with both fibreglass furnaces and television glass furnace oxygen fuel conversions.


In the Apparel industry, training plays a very important role because large work force is employed and various processes and methods are involved. Indian ready garment manufactures have various categories of products and to manufacture such varied products trained and skilled labour is required. The purpose of this paper is to gain a deeper understanding of the core and soft skills and requirements of domestic and international branded apparel manufacturing industry personnel on the terms of skills acquired during academic training and on the job training. The study for the research is focused on developing a scale to know the training aspect in line and quality supervisors, merchandisers and product managers, to find the differences in the skills of these operators, who are the back bone of this industry. To meet the objectives, three domestic branded men trousers and three international branded trouser companies were selected in the region of Delhi, NCR for data collection and further to analyze the gap in skills of both type of apparel branded industry.


Using white noise analysis,Hermite transform and generalized tanh-function method,we obtain a number of Wick versions of white noise functional solutions,exact solutions for Wick-type stochastic and variable coefficient generalized Burgers-Fisher equations,respectively.


Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of quetiapine combining with sertraline in the treatment of adult Tourette's syndrome. Method: A total of 44 adult patients who met the criteria for Tourette 's syndrome before 18 years old were randomly assigned to the two groups. One group was treated with quetiapine combining with sertraline and the other one with quetiapine only for 8 weeks. The efficacy was measured with the Yale global Tic severity scale (YGTSS) . The side effects were assessed by treatment emergent symptoms scale (TESS) . Results: At endpoint the significant improvement rate was 60.9% in the combining group and 30.0% the quetiapine group (χ2 = 4. 098,P = 0. 043) . The combining group showed more decreases on YGTSS score than the quetiapine group (t = 3. 678,P = 0. 000) . There were no significant differences between the two groups in the TESS score at the end of 2 weeks,4 weeks,and 8 weeks(P =0. 549; P =0. 224; P =0. 593; P =0. 751) . Conclusion: The addition of sertraline to quetiapine therapy is effective and well-tolerated approach in the treatment of patients with adult Tourette's syndrome.


Fifty percent of patients with colon or rectal cancer de-velop liver metastasis at the time (synchronous) or following (metachronous) the diagnosis of the primary tumor. Approximately 40% of the stage 4 colorectal can-cers exclusively involve liver metastasis, without any evidence of extrahepatic disease. 1,2 Liver resection for metastatic colon and rectal cancer to the liver is the only hope for cure. Laparoscopic liver resection for colorectal liver metastasis has been widely discussed by cancer surgeons; however, many are hesitant to fully adopt this technique. The reasons for slow adoption are mainly related to the dif fi cult/steep learning curve associated with the laparoscopic technique, limitations when working with straight laparoscopic instruments, and technical challenges with intracorporeal suturing to control bleeding in dif fi cult-to-reach areas. The advent of robotic technology allows for further re fi nement of minimally invasive techniques in liver surgery with 3-dimensionalvisualization, stable platform, high manual dexterity, tremor fi ltration, ease of suturing, and better ability to reach posterior-superior lesions, compared to the conventional laparoscopy. 3,4 Being the newest technology, a detailed technical de-scription of robotic anatomical hepatectomy using a mul-timedia video support is very limited. In this video article, we described our technique of robotic partial left hepatectomy removing segments 2 and 3 for treatment of colorectal


With continued ozone deletion and increased ultraviolet application, ultraviolet(UV)induced eye injury receives more attention, especially for astronauts, residents on high elevation plateaus and other people exposed to intense beams of UV. Continuous exposure to UV can lead to damage of conjunctiva, cornea, crystalline lens and retina, which are correlated with conjunctivitis, keratitis, ocular tumor, climatic droplet keratopathy, and pterygium. This paper focuses on the effect of UV on eyes, with a systematic elaboration of UV-induced eye injury.

Key words:
Ultraviolet; Eye; Injury; Radiation protection


have sustained a lengthy monograph in its own right. But Sean Connolly deserves praise for his willingness to challenge conventional wisdom on so many points and to open up debate on topics of fundamental importance to Irish historiography. This book will be widely read for its insights and clarity of argument. The views contained in it will also doubtless enliven many of tutorial discussion in the future.


The amino acids characterised as the heterocyclic β-substituted α-alanines are an important part of non-protein amino acids in plants,some of which were found to be synthesized by cysteine synthase. In the reactions,one of the hydrogen atoms of β carbon in alanine is replaced with a hetercycle such as pyrazole,pyrimidine,isoxazol,oxadiazol and triazol. In this paper,the group of these amino acids,including β-( isoxazoline-5-on-2-yl)-L-alanine( BIA) in many species of the tribe Vicieae,minosine in Leucaena glauca,lathyrine in several Lathyrus sativus species,quisqualic acid( QA) in Quisqualis indica,β-( pyrazol-1-yl)-L-alanine( BPA) in Citrullus vulgaris,Willardiine in Acacia willardiana and Mimosa asperata,isowillardiine in pea seedlings as well as 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-L-alanine( BTA) and β-( 3-amino-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-L-alanine( BATA) in higher plants,were reviewed. Emphasis was placed on their distributions,biosynthesis,and the physiological activities. Finally,aspects of the particularly important research on those heterocyclic non-protein amino acids in the future are discussed.


The article deals with a class of state vector estimation problems of nonlinear systems, which is derived from single node localization in wireless sensor networks. And a new strong adaptive Kalman filter mechanism is implemented by combining the original nonlinear filtering algorithm such as Square-root Cubature Kalman Filter (SCKF) with Kalman filter. Firstly, the mechanism utilizes the state estimation algorithm based on SCKF to estimate and correct the state vector in state-space model. Kalman filter is then performed for further processing due to the linear changes of state equation. Furthermore, the strong adaptive filter mechanism with Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is established for comparative purposes, and the Cramer-Rao Bound (CRB) based on the nonlinear model is also derived. Finally, to verify the effectiveness of the mechanism, numerical simulation is made. Results analysis illustrates that the proposed mechanism has high location accuracy and is better than that of the original filtering algorithm without strong adaptive recursion.


A standard view being developed financial aspects is that creating nations can't attempt the required venture as a result of lacking financing, poor foundations and undeveloped monetary markets. This paper examines the effect of settlement inflows into the creating nations on venture under various levels of institutional and monetary advancement. The experimental investigation is carried on an example of 79 creating nations covering the period 1995-2013. The appraisals recommend those settlement inflows, sound organizations and all around created money related division increment household speculation. In addition, the outcomes additionally demonstrate that when the institutional setting and the profundity of money related intermediation are to such an extent that entrance to outer fund is restricted, settlement inflows are a critical wellspring of financing venture. The discoveries are powerful to option static and element board estimators and diverse measures of institutional quality and monetary improvement. A vital ramification of these discoveries is that the degree to which an economy profits by settlement inflows is driven by the predominant institutional environment and the level of monetary advancement.


In order to represent the result of structural dynamic response simulation analysis better, we are researching on taking advantage of the new method for simulation representation that combines both multimedia representation technology and engineering structural analysis algorithm. In this paper, it is presented how to get optimum representation results using the volume rendering, rendering algorithm for structural deformation, representation method for quantitative data, fast rendering and method to generate continuous simulation scene, especially using the combined method mentioned hereinbefore. The practical effect using the method proposed in this paper in simulating reinforced concrete frame structural dynamic response under seism is illuminated in detail. The efficiency of this method is verified. Simulating experiments are carried out on PC, which are based on Windows 2000 operation system and use OpenGL as developing tools, exhibits the broad prospect of using and developing multimedia simulation technology.


Positron emission tomography (PET) performed during cancer therapy (treatment monitoring) has shown promise for predicting treatment outcome. However, when used for this purpose, PET generally is not considered standard care. Under the Medicare 'coverage with evidence development' policy, PET (and integrated PET/computed tomography) became a covered service for treatment monitoring if prospective registry data were collected.


This paper makes a qualitative analysis of the existing research and creates the hypothesis of high-order thinking ability structure model of senior high school students. 400 high school students were selected to answer the questionnaire on this basis, and exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted on the survey results to test whether the model is reasonable. The results show that the structure of physical higher-order thinking ability in high school students includes four dimensions: "physical problem-solving ability, physical experimental exploration ability, physical critical thinking ability, and physical transfer of innovative ability", and these four dimensions are an interrelated organic whole.


BRD3-BD2 protein belongs to the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) protein family. It is an epigenetic molecule that is over-expressed and contributes to the development of breast cancer by regulating...


The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in faeces of healthy dairy cattle and to determine the sensitivity of isolates to several antimicrobial drugs. A total of 1,104 anal swab samples originating from 28 cattle farms were examined. After the primary identification, 30 strains were found to belong to serogroup О157. By means of conventional multiplex PCR, isolates were screened for presence of resistance genes stx1, stx2 and eaeА. Twenty-nine strains possesses amplicons with a size corresponding to genes stx2 and eaeA, one had amplicons also for the stx1 gene and one lacked amplicons of all three genes. Twenty-eight strains demonstrated amplicons equivalent to gene H7. The results from phenotype analysis of resistance showed preserved sensitivity to ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cephalothin, streptomycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, enrofloxacin and combinations sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Sensitivity to ampicillin was relatively preserved, although at a lower extent.


Objective NIMA-related kinase 2 (NEK2) has been reported to be overexpressed in various types of cancer and correlated with poor prognosis. The role(s) of NEK2 in cancer, however, is still uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of NEK2 in human tumors. Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed for PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CNKI databases, and eligible studies were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A meta-analysis of the included studies was then carried out. Results Fifteen studies with 3,280 cancer patients were included in the present meta-analysis. All publications were of moderate to high quality, and had no significant heterogeneity (I2=46%, P=0.03) or publication bias was discovered. The results showed that a high NEK2 level was associated with shorter overall survival (OS) in patients with various types of cancers (pooled HR=1.72, 95% CI 1.49–2.00, P<0.00001). However, the disease-free survival (DFS) had no significant association with NEK2 level (HR=1.13, 95% CI: 0.29–4.38, P=0.85). In the subgroup analyses, high NEK2 level was correlated with an increased risk of poor OS in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HR=1.62, 95% CI: 1.25–2.10, P=0.02) and lung cancer (HR=2.18, 95% CI: 1.40–3.38, P=0.0005). However, other factors, including sample size, follow-up period, HR estimation method, and country, also affect the association between NEK2 expression and OS. Analysis of clinicopathological parameters further showed that increased NEK2 level was correlated with younger age, male gender, better tumor differentiation, and lower number of tumor nodules. Conclusion The results of this study indicated that increased expression of NEK2 was associated with unfavorable survival of cancer patients and that NEK2 could be used as a prognostic predictor for cancers.


Thomas Zieger and Michael Reip3; Scenarios of structural dynamics of credit co operatives Credit co-operatives; hybrid structures; net governance; risk management; structural dynamic The structure of modern credit co-operatives has significantly departed from its historic configuration, so that the strategic uniqueness of co-operative financial services gets threatened in relation to other structural forms of supplying credit services. An organiza tional ex-post-analysis of the structural dynamics of credit-cooperatives, transferred into


A rare case of acute cholecystitis caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 serogroup in an 83-year- 24 old man is presented. His risk factors for cholecystitis included advanced age and 25 previous abdominal surgeries. The patient had consumed raw oysters several days before 26 presentation. The patient had a poor outcome after admission for this infection, likely due 27 to his underlying illnesses that complicated his hospital course.


This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 31827, "Systems Engineering of Subsea Production Systems," by Amedeo Marcotulli, Saipem, and David Wilkinson, Endeavor Management. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2022 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.
 As the complexity and cost of subsea production systems (SPS) has increased during recent decades, the requirement for a more-rigorous, systematic approach toward the engineering of such systems has increased. A systems-engineering (SE) guidance document, specifically written to be applicable to SPS, is being developed by members of API Sub-Committee 17 at the time of writing. The objective of the complete paper is to make potential users of the guidance document aware of the benefits associated with the use of formal SE processes when designing complex facilities.

 Systems engineers exercise a high-level understanding of how system elements work together, visualizing complex systems as a set of subsystems that interact recursively. Recursive relationships are critical in SE and define many hierarchical taxonomies, such as the following:
 - System components consist of subsystems
 - Project activities consist of subprojects
 - Organizations consist of suborganizations
 - Contracts consist of subcontracts
 However, an elegance exists in the recursive nature of SE because its processes are self-similar and independent of scale. Its fractal nature allows application of the same process at any level and for any size of project, as shown in Fig. 1.
 The recursive and iterative nature of SE results in information flows in four directions:
 - Downward path: Requirement information flows from top to bottom, until the lowest elements are fully defined.
 - Upward path: Integration information flows from the lowest-level element.
 - Forward path: Interface information flows across elements that are at the same level, in each level.
 - Backward path: Feedback information informs the design and realization processes on every iteration for continuous improvement.
 SE formalizes the interfaces between disciplines, streamlining communications and avoiding rework. SE takes control of the iterations and recursions, thus minimizing waste. Therefore, SE reduces engineering cost while optimizing engineering design.
 SE requires a mindset more akin to an architect's duties than to those of an engineer. It requires synthesis more than analysis, involving a top-down view of the system that goes further than an intimate analysis of its parts.


Background: The incidence of reported adolescent and adult pertussis continues to rise in the United States. Acellular pertussis vaccines for adolescents and adults have been developed and may be available soon for use in the U.S. Our objectives were: (1) to describe patient valuations of pertussis disease and vaccination; and (2) to compare valuations for short-term and long-term health states associated with pertussis.


Personal health records system (PHRs) is an increasingly popular area in medical activities. It is conceded that PHRs could improve healthcare documentation, increase information access for patients and providers and help patients to better control the expenses of care. Consumers who use PHR could gain more knowledge about their health conditions, inquire more questions, and feel more connected to their physicians and make moves to improve their health. Although PHRs have various potential benefits to patients, hospitals as well as institutions, the supporting evidence of specific benefits and successfully business cases for PHR adoption is limited and wide use and adoption of PHRs has not appear. To promote the adoption of PHR system, understanding the factors that affect patients' adoption of PHR system is of necessity. However, little research has been done to learn what prospective users want in a PHR. The characteristic of PHR system and consumers both play a pivotal role in influencing the PHR adoption decision. This paper was to use PHR features to explain the relationships. Seven independent variables including relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, data quality, data model quality, privacy and interactivity was adopted, exerting significant positive or negative influence on the factors including perceived usefulness and trust. And the variables of PU and trust were assumed positively related with individuals' willingness to adopt PHR system. The SPSS and partial least squares (PLS) technique was adopted to examine the casual relationships this paper hypothesized. Therefore, suggestion regarding what developers, institutions and government should do to improve the adoption rate of PHR was raised.


This paper describes three numerical techniques which were developed during beam orbit studies undertaken for the separated-sector cyclotron of the NAC project. The techniques are concerned with the numerical manipulation of field map data. Firstly, a method is given for interpolating the field and calculating its derivatives more accurately than is possible by conventional methods, in regions where the field varies rapidly and the data are not closely spaced. The technique consists of fitting a suitable analytical function f(x) to the field distribution Bi = B(xi) so as to minimize the fourth differences of the distribution Bi - f(xi). The distribution Bi - f(xi) is then smooth enough for conventional methods to be applied. Secondly, we describe a method for isochronizing field map data, the method being applicable to magnets which have trim-coils with edge contours similar to the shapes of the equilibrium orbits within the sectors. Thirdly, we discuss a modification of an alternative isochronization technique, this method being applicable to magnets with trim-coils having edges which are arcs of circles concentric about the centre of the cyclotron.


Objective: To explore the usefulness of long distance reverse transcript combining linear amplification (LD-RTPCR) in labeling slight trace probe used for cDNA microarray. Methods: Total RNA from BEP2D cells was extracted and labeled by two different methods, LD-RTPCR with Cy3-dCTP as fluorescent dye and traditionally used RNA reverse transcript (RT) with Cy5-dCTP as fluorescent dye. Then, the probes labeled by two methods were mixed equally and hybridized with the cDNA microarray. Results: Scan and analysis of the microarray showed that the two methods labeled probes had consistent results. Conclusion: LD-RTPCR was proved useful for labeling cDNA microarray probe, especially for limited RNA material.


This paper presents an extracting method of moving object based on vision system of mobile robot.The global motion estimation,extraction of object background,three-frame-difference technology and region growth method are used to extract moving object from video.The motion compensation is computed by neighbor searching and region growth with constraints is adopted to extract the moving objects for low time cost.The results show that it has lower time cost and good results.


In this paper, the stability of the time dependent differential equation for HIV infection of CD4 + T cell model was studied using the fractional order derivatives. It is discovered that the eigenvalues showed that the system was unstable with three different equilibrium points using Matlab 22.214.171.1242 R2007b version.


International students have been noted to experience stress that affects their learning motivation. This research was done with the aim of determining the perceptions of financial stress and learning motivation as well as establishing if there is a relationship between financial stress and learning motivation. The research used a random sampling technique among 100 international students in Cavite, Philippines as the respondents. The results of the study showed that there is significant relationship between financial stress and learning motivation. International students are moderately experiencing financial stress but disagreed that it is affecting their learning motivation. This paper recommends that further study must be done to identify the intrinsic learning motivation of the international students amidst the acceptance that there is a relationship between financial stress and learning motivation.


Intermolecular scalar hyperfine coupling between unpaired electron orbitals and 19F nuclei has been studied in solutions of free radicals in substituted pentafluorobenzenes. Dynamic nuclear polarisation experiments in a weak magnetic field and at various temperatures have shown that both the strength of the intermolecular interaction and the range, depend sensitively upon the π-electron distribution of the aromatic system. The amount of scalar coupling increases with substitution in the sequence H, CH3 , J, Br, CI, F, CN and with the kind of radicals in the order TTBP, DPPH and BDPA.


This paper proposes a novel compound-type hybrid energy storage system (HESS) that inherits the unique advantages of both battery/supercapacitor (SC) and the SC/battery HESSs for electric vehicles (EVs). Eight operation modes are designed to match this system. A mode control strategy is developed for this HESS on the basis of these modes, and five classes of operation modes are established to simplify this strategy. The mode control strategy focuses on high operating efficiency and high power output. Furthermore, the compound-type HESS is designed such that the SC is the main priority in braking energy absorption. Thus, this HESS can operate efficiently and extend battery life. Simulation results also show that the compound-type HESS can not only supply adequate power to the motor inverter but can also determine suitable operation modes in corresponding conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that this HESS can extend battery life as well. The overall efficiency of the compound-type HESS is higher than those of the battery/SC and the SC/battery HESSs.


Palladium-supported graphene oxide has been successfully applied as a catalyst precursor for the selective reduction of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. Pd nanoparticles were formed during the course of the reduction with only negligible leaching of the Pd species into the reaction mixture.


Degeneration of the nucleus pulposus (NP) has been implicated as a major cause of low back pain. Tissue engineering strategies may provide a viable NP replacement therapy; however, culture conditions must be optimized to promote functional tissue development. In this study, a standard serum‐containing medium formulation was compared to a chemically defined, serum‐free medium to determine the effect on matrix elaboration and functional properties of NP cell‐laden carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogels. Additionally, both media were further supplemented with transforming growth factor‐beta 3 (TGF‐β3). Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content increased in both TGF‐β3‐treated groups and was highest for treated, serum‐free constructs (9.46 ± 1.51 µg GAG/mg wet weight), while there were no quantifiable GAGs in untreated serum‐containing samples. Histology revealed uniform, interterritorial staining for chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan throughout the treated, serum‐free constructs. Type II collagen content was greater in both serum‐free groups and highest in treated, serum‐free constructs. The equilibrium Young's modulus was highest in serum‐free samples supplemented with TGF‐β3 (18.54 ± 1.92 kPa), and the equilibrium weight swelling ratio of these constructs approached that of the native NP tissue (22.19 ± 0.46 vs. 19.94 ± 3.09, respectively). Taken together, these results demonstrate enhanced functional matrix development by NP cells when cultured in CMC hydrogels maintained in serum‐free, TGF‐β3 supplemented medium, indicating the importance of medium formulation in NP construct development. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010; 105: 384–395. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The focus of this work is on the non-reacting turbulent flow, in which we have elaborated a new, reliable experimental method to measure simultaneously the turbulent velocity field and the varying composition of propane/air mixing (Sc=1.36). The scalar is measured by time-resolved Rayleigh light scattering, whilst the velocity field is inferred using the hot-wire anemometry. The difficulty (due to the variable-density character of the flow) is that the calibration of the hot-wire anemometry technique requires local instantaneous values of the propane mass-fraction. Therefore, reliable determination of the local scalar is not only important by itself, but it is a priori crucial for the velocity measurement. We show here that replacing a precise fraction of air by neon (inert gas) into the air flow (at constant flow rate) leads to independent measurements of velocity fluctuations in a propane + air-neon mixture. Physically, the reason is that the heat transferred among the resulting mixing and the hot-wire is very nearly equal to that transferred among pure propane and the hot-wire. Therefore, the calibration curve is the same as that of pure propane. A first validation is performed in a turbulent propane (round) jet discharging into air-neon at ReD ≈ 6,900 for which the densities ratio is ≈ 1.52. We compare our results involving the scalar mixing (Rayleigh scattering) and the velocity field (hot anemometry, with the straightforward –and thus reliablecalibration method due to our particular mixture) with those already reported in the literature for different gaseous (round) jets mixing with comparable densities ratio (air-air, propane-air, CO2-air). The mean and RMS radial profiles of both velocity and concentration are in good agreement with those reported in literature. The comparison takes into account the real density effects. As far as the second-order statistics are concerned, both velocity and scalar spectra on the jet axis at different downstream positions exhibit an inertial range with a k -5/3 slope, consistent with the Kolmogorov-Obukhov-Corrsin theory. After this successful validation, we use our technique to investigate turbulent properties in the very-near-field of a plane propane-air mixing layer. Two laminar initial conditions flow ( 0 0 max / Re 8 3 8 3 υ θ θ H C H C U = = 46 and 155, where 0 θ is the boundary layer momentum thickness of the faster stream) are considered. Both initial boundary layers characteristics are determined accurately for both propane and air-neon channels. Velocity and scalar spectra are critically compared, with a particular attention paid to the exhibited slopes and spikes, the latter translating coherent structures present in this flow. Their understanding is important for the further reacting field.


To investigate the emotional disturbance of patients with HLD. Methods: Anxiety and depression of 62 patients with hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD) were evaluated with SDS and SAS. Results: The scores of SAS and SDS of HLD patients were higher than those of control group ( P 0.01), and the degree of depression was evidently increased in patients with a long course of disease and living in rural area ( P 0.05). Conclusion: Psychological intervention may be necessary in the treatment of HLD patients.


A peaking compensation mechanism for supply side and demand side is proposed aiming to deal with large-scale wind power curtailment. Firstly, based on the clustering thought, the demand-side battery energy storage system (BESS) is integrated into virtual peaking plant (VPP), and thermal units are divided into several deep peaking clusters. Secondly, a two-stage coordinated optimization scheduling model is constructed based on the cooperative game theory. In the first stage, load curve is optimized according to the control strategy of VPP. On the basis of, a wind-thermal-VPP coordinated optimization operation model with considering wind power curtailment is established. Furthermore, a two-layer peaking compensation mechanism based on improved Shapley value is proposed, in which the outer layer accounts for the coefficient of peaking capability and the inner layer is allocated by peaking mileage. Results show that the proposed method is effective for promoting the supply side and demand side union peaking.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the surgical treatment of cholesterol granuloma in middle ear.

METHOD
Nineteen patients of cholesterol granuloma in middle ear were retrospectively study. All the patients were treated with tympanic tube insertion, canal wall up mastoidectomy or intact-tympanic canal wall down mastoidectomy respectively.

RESULT
All the cases were followed up from 6 months to 3.3 years. Two patients recurred among the 4 patients treated with tympanic tube insertion, 3 patients recurred among 8 patients treated with canal wall up mastoidectomy, and no recurrence was found among 7 patients treated with intact-tympanic canal wall down mastoidectomy. 12 patients had their hearing improved obviously among 14 patients without recurrence.

CONCLUSION
For the juvenile patients with a short medical history occurred for the first time, tympanic tube insertion merely is a rea sonable choice after the factor of obstruction of the pharyngotympanic tube was removed. For the patients with a long medical history and comprehensive lesions, or occurred repeatedly after being treated with tympanic tube in sertion or canal wall up mastoidectomy, the intact-tympanic canal wall down mastoidectomy should be a good choice.


A nurse in the community accumulates an astonishing breadth of experience. One minute you are a highly skilled practitioner and prescriber, meeting multiple needs and juggling a network of services. The next you are asked to put eye drops in the cat or help someone move house.


A downlink multi-user hybrid satellite-terrestrial relay network (HSTRN) is considered in this paper, where a multi-antenna satellite communicates with the multiple terrestrial users via an interference-limited amplify-and-forward relay. For this network, we investigate the average symbol error probability (SEP) performance by employing opportunistic scheduling of multiple ground users with outdated channel state information (CSI) of the pertaining channels and considering co-channel interference (CCI) at the relay. Specifically, we derive closed-form analytical and asymptotic expressions of the average SEP for the considered network. Further, numerical and Monte-Carlo simulation results are implemented to vindicate the accuracy of our hypothesis as well as to demonstrate the influence of outdated CSI, CCI, and various channel/system parameters on the system performance. Our analysis provides useful trends in the design of HSTRNs for future wireless communication systems.


Electric vehicle (EV) Aggregation, as a decentralized optimization method, has been studied to decrease the scale of the charging algorithm. However, EV Aggregation will face with difficulties when optimizing its strategy since it is hard to predict other participants' interactions in a complex market. We formulate a game theoretic framework designed for simulating EV Aggregations' strategy in a competitive market. Then Game Theory and Analytic Hierarchy Process based decision model is proposed for EV Aggregation to draw a pricing strategy for the retail market and biding strategy for the pool market. The numerical analysis shows that the proposed pricing strategy is able to increase the Aggregation's profit and the bidding strategy can decrease the cost. Moreover, the strategies formed separately in the competitive market can level the total load characteristic curve, achieving the main purpose of centralized optimization.


It is increasingly common for people to share videos on social platforms such as TikTok, YouTube and bilibili. The shared videos, however, is usually affected by lossy channel compression, thus a robust video watermarking based on discrete sine transform (DST) is proposed. Firstly, We divide each video frame into blocks and perform DST in embedding region, then the high-frequency component of DST is selected for watermark embedding. For further strengthening the robustness of lossy channel compression, a signed odd-even interval quantization method is designed by improving the odd-even quantization method. As a consequence of uncomplicated feature of DST, the computational efficiency of this algorithm is efficient, making it ideal for application in real-time scenarios such as video live broadcast and video conference. Moreover, the watermark is extracted without the host video. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm not only ensures excellent video quality, but also significantly improves the robustness of lossy channel compression, and the robustness to different video contents is stable.


Indonesia Tourism Industry was affected badly due to the covid19 pandemic, this paper discussed the effect of the covid19 pandemic to the Indonesian tourism industry by assessing the four main sectors of the tourism industry, namely transportation, accommodation, ancillary service and sales and distribution channel of the tourism industry. The secondary data analysis was selected as a source to enhance the discussion and to create suggestions on formulating the Indonesian tourism recuperation. Suggestion is given in the conclusion on what Indonesian tourism should focus on healing the industry post covid19 pandemic.


Received : 02/11/2018 Accepted : 30/01/2019 Abstract : Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) are the rhizospheric bacteria that can affect positively plant growth by several mechanisms like phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, biological nitrogen fixation, production of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1carboxylate deaminase (ACC), quorum sensing (QS) signal interference and inhibition of biofilm formation, phytohormone production, exhibiting antimicrobial activity, induction of systemic resistance (ISR), promoting beneficial plant-microbe symbioses, and many others mechanismms. It is the biological way to replace the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides in agriculture practices. The PGPR strains present a high taxonomic and metabolic diversity. This review synthesizes the different aspects of PGPR studies, from their applications to the stress tolerance, via the different modes of action.


Abstract In this paper we propose a novel algorithm to solve the discrete consensus problem, i.e., the problem of distributing evenly a set of tokens of arbitrary weight among the nodes of a networked system. Tokens are tasks to be executed by the nodes and the proposed distributed algorithm optimizes monotonically the makespan of the assigned tasks. The algorithm is based on gossip -like asynchronous local interactions between the nodes. The convergence time of the proposed algorithm is superior with respect to the state of the art and grows at worst quadratically with respect to the number of nodes.


Petrochemical wastewater was treated by SBR process using DO as fuzzy control parameter in considering the relationship between the organic matter degradation and DO concentration. It was concluded by many experiments that DO concentration during the initial reaction stage (8~10 min) not only was related to influent COD, but also affected the whole reaction process significantly. The influent COD could be predicted by the concentration and the ranging of DO in initial stage and the fuzzy control of aeration was realized since DO was mainly controlled by aeration volume. The fuzzy control of reaction time could also be realized based on the fact that DO went up quickly when the degradation of organic matter stopped.


Abstract—Key factors of outsourcing strategies include cost and capacity flexibility. Cost saving and capacity flexibility depend on the connection between product characteristics and the supply chain network. Functional products involve efficient supply chains. Fashion products should move in the production and distribution system as quickly as possible in which maximum capacity flexibility provides a responsive supply chain. Moreover, complex products with global parts sourcing involve comparatively more risk. This paper evaluates an outsourcing strategies considering functional and fast fashion products in the textile supply chain. There are four categories of production options. Textile manufacturer receives production contracts at in-house facility in home country. Capacity flexibility is measured as the combination of destinations with maximum capacity. Product complexity risk is incorporated as the number of parts/components sourced domestically and internationally at each production destination. A multi-objective model for outsourcing strategiesis proposed based on operational cost, capacity flexibility, and product complexity risk. The model is solved using three variants of goal programming. Based on the results, several insights are proposed for outsourcing decision making. Keywords-Textile supply chain, outsourcing strategies, goal programming, functional products, fast fashion products


Introduction Chronic lower back pain (LBP) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorder among adults [1,2]. Research suggests paraspinal muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration as accurate indicators of LBP, which can be determined through extraction of proton density fat fraction (PDFF) maps from chemical shift encoding-based water-fat MRI [3,4]. However, the use of water-fat MRI in clinical routines is limited due to the lack of an accurate segmentation procedure of muscle compartments. In this work, we utilize water-fat MRI and deep learning (DL) to automate paraspinal muscle segmentation and explore how to use multimodal data more effectively in DL.


This paper introduces a new grouping strategy,which is adopted in the reform of College Basic Computer experiment teaching,with the emphasis on the definitions,environments,methods,principles,procedures and implementations.


The Eucharist is the Christians' source of life in faith. In Eucharist, Christians gather to commemorate the presence of the Lord Jesus Christ. Christ's presence in the Liturgy of the Word is marked symbolically with the book of Evangeliary and with the act of proclaiming the Gospel. The meanings of these symbols in the Liturgy of the Word seem to receive less attention by the practice of replacing Eucharist's readings with other texts on spirituality. The Evangeliary and the act of proclaiming the Gospel hold an important role in the Eucharist as the symbol and the peak of Christ's presence in the Liturgy of the Word. When liturgically and correctly administered, the liturgy of the Word is the medium for Christ to be present and to speak to the faithful.


Objective To summarize and analyze the pathological characteristics of solid pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas (SPTs).Methods The clinical data of 51 cases of SPTs were retrospectively analyzed.The immunohistochemical localizations of different markers (HSE,SYN,CD_(56),CD_(10),Nestin,Vim,a1-ACT,EMA,AE1/AE3 and CK19) on 39 SPTs were studied.Results Pathological features included a combination of solid and cystic components with pseudopapillae formation and degenerative regions without glands.Among the 39 cases of SPTs,the expression rate of NSE was 97.4%,the expression rate of CD_(56),CD_(10) was 84.6%,the expression rate of Nestin and Vim was 64% and 87%,the expression rate of S100 was 79.5%,the expression rate of a1-ACT and a1-AT was 82.1% and 79.5%,while the expression rate of SYN was 12.8%;however there was low expression and weak positive reaction of EMA,AE1/AE3 and CK19.Conclusions The typical pathological characteristics of SPTs may result from gradual degenerative changes induced anoxemia in some SPT's areas.The heterogeneity of SPTs on different antibody markers showed that the SPTs may be originated from pancreatic embryonic stem cells,and result from immature differentiation of the pluripotential stem cells during pancreatic genesis.

Key words:
Pancreatic neoplasms; Stem cells; Solid-pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas


This research explores associations between genetic polymorphisms in dopamine and serotonin systems (DAT1, DRD4 and 5HTTLPR polymorphisms), physiological and environmental variables and multiple personality traits. 113 participants were genotyped, participated in a stressful cross-cultural negotiation exercise and completed personality scales while wearing heart-rate monitors. Heart-rate variability and stressful life events were associated with conscientiousness and neuroticism traits. Contradicting previous research, no reliable gene x stressful life event interactions were found. Gender and ethnicity masked genetic effects on neurotic and sensation-seeking traits, particularly for DAT1 and 5HTTLPR. The DRD4-7R allele was associated with higher agreeableness and lower neuroticism, and contrary to prediction, with lower sensation-seeking. Gene-trait relations are complex, interactionist and multiply-determined, suggesting that personality variation is influenced by – but not reducible to – genetic variation.


We studied the influence of the annealing temperature on the atomic structure of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (YSZ) which was deposited as a 300 μm thick thermal barrier coating (TBC) on nickel superalloy substrates by plasma spraying. To obtain neutron powder diffraction patterns of the barrier coatings we used an experimental technique where the sample is randomly rotated in the neutron beam. The time-averaged neutron diffraction pattern was then analyzed using the Riet-veld refinement technique without any need for corrections. This allowed the comparison of the average crystals structures from bulk tetragonal samples obtained via common ceramic routes and those of micrometer thick films deposited on substrates using plasma spray or other nonequilibrium techniques.


Several experiments, related to controlled thermonuclear fusion research and highly relevant for large size tokamaks including ITER, have been carried out in ADITYA, an ohmically heated circular limiter tokamak. Repeatable plasma discharges of maximum plasma current of ~ 160 kA and discharge duration beyond ~ 250 ms with plasma current flattop duration of ~ 140 ms has been obtained for the first time in ADITYA. The discharge reproducibility has been improved considerably with Lithium wall conditioning and improved plasma discharges are obtained by precisely controlling the plasma position. In these discharges, chord-averaged electron density ~ 3.0 – 4.0 x 10^19 m^-3 using multiple hydrogen gas puffs, electron temperature of the order of ~ 500 700 eV have been achieved. Novel experiments related to disruption control are carried out and disruptions, induced by hydrogen gas puffing are successfully mitigated using biased electrode and ICR pulse techniques. Runaway electrons are successfully mitigated by applying a short local vertical field (LVF) pulse. A thorough disruption database has been generated by identifying the different categories of disruption. Detailed analysis of several hundred disrupted discharges showed that the current quench time is inversely proportional to q_edge. Apart from this, for volt-sec recovery during the plasma formation phase, low loop voltage start-up and current ramp-up experiments have been carried out using ECRH. Successful recovery of volt-sec leads to achievement of longer plasma discharge durations. In addition to that Neon gas puff assisted radiative improved confinement mode has also been achieved in ADITYA. In this paper, all the above mentioned experiments will be discussed.


By comparing the data of winning and losing teams in Olympic men's basketball games played at different paces, and by analyzing technical statistic differences between the games played at different paces, the author probed into basketball game pace affecting technical factors and game outcome affecting factors; by comparing team China with its opponents, the author sought for problems which team China had in all previous Olympic Games, so as to provide a reference criterion for training and competition henceforward. The author revealed the following findings: at a faster pace, the winning teams were more capable of exerting their strength advantage, showing higher performance; at a slower pace, the weak teams could reduce their differences form the strong teams in terms of technical statistic data; two-point shots, steals, two-point winners and turnovers determined the number of ball possessions, affected the pace of a game; in fast pace games, team China had very poor comprehensive performance; at an ordinary pace, team China had a low two-point winner rate, few three-point shooting opportunities, few assists, quite a number of turnovers; only at a slow pace could team China perform normally and have a higher winning rate.


Health related quality of life (QOL) is an important clinical outcome measure of the individual's perception for the impact of an illness/ disease on his/her well-being. Children suffering from Spinal Cord Lesions and their families/caregivers, in Greece as part of a European collaboration (PEPSCIPan-European Pediatric Spinal Cord Injury Survey), were surveyed. Methods: The multi-center international survey was designed by the PEPSCI Collaboration and a cross sectional study took place for children with SCI and their parents, of a pediatric outpatient rehabilitation facility in Athens. Demographics, quality of life, health and life domains (H&LDQ) data as well as neurological impairment information were collected and analyzed. Results: The demographics for the total of 13 children, average age 9,03 (+/5) years, are shown on Table 1. Table 1. Research priorities for parents and children have also been outlined (Tables 2, 3 and 4). Table 2.


Objective: To synthesize the new Penem Men-10700. Methods: Starting from Azetidinone,the Men-10700 was synthesized via 8-step reactions,including substitution,cyclization,side chain coupling and hydrolysis.Results: The chemical structure of the Men-10700 was confirmed by 1H-NMR and MS.Conclusion: The modified synthetic pathway for MEN-10700 was achievable.The refined procedure is simplified by using p-nitrobenzyl as protecting group of carboxyl,the post processing was simplified.We improved the processes of substitution and hydroxysis.


Researchers analyzed data from elementary teachers (N = 233) to further establish the psychometric soundness of the Teacher My Class Inventory–Short Form. Supporting previous psychometric research, confirmatory factor analyses findings supported the factorial validity of the hypothesized five-factor solution. Internal reliability estimates were satisfactory for an attitudinal measure. Implications for practice are briefly discussed.


Repetitive DNA elements are ubiquitous in plant genomes. Although repeats provide relevant information for cytogenetic, evolutionary, and genomic studies, identifying and characterizing their sequence and chromosomal distribution are not always easily achieved through conventional methods. However, a high-throughput identification of genomic repeats can be obtained with short reads from next-generation sequencing data. Here, we identified the telomeric and two chromosome-specific repeats in Panax ginseng using low-coverage whole genome sequence data. The telomeric repeat sequence is same with the canonical angiosperm sequence, (TTTAGGG)n, and localized mostly in every chromosome termini, except for an additional interstitial location in chromosome 10. A dinucleotide (GA) microsatellite, PgGA15, with total genome representation (GR) of more than 33 kb localized in the long arm of chromosome 20. An 11-bp minisatellite, Pgms1, with more than 58 kb of GR localized in the long arm of chromosome 1. This study provides chromosome-specific markers for cytogenetic studies in P. ginseng.


S single-electron devices with multiple Si islands integrated by design have been fabricated. Current switching was performed using the principle of the Coulomb blockade at two closely packed Si islands which were as small as several tens of nanometers. Capacitive coupling between the two islands was also demonstrated, which opens up the possibility of ultralow-power integrated circuits that manipulate electrons individually.


-The traffic flow composition on Indian roads is most of the time mixed in nature having different classes of vehicles with different percentage of composition this gives rise to complicated nature of queue development and dissipation in many practical situations like at signalised junction. Depending on the effective road width available and composition of traffic stream the length of queue varies with respect to volume of traffic. An attempt has been made in the present investigation to understand, the factor contributing for development and dissipation of queue length under mixed traffic condition under variable road width at one of very big and important signalized junction in Bangalore city. Analysis has been carried out with PCU and mixed composition of vehicles in both development and dissipation of queue length.


Monumental inscriptions recovered from along the line of the Antonine Wall are an exquisite body of evidence that provide invaluable insights into the Roman frontier. Referred to as Distance Stones, these sculptures are ripe for the testing of emerging non-destructive analytical techniques that cast new, and colourful, light onto sculptural reliefs. This work presents new dimensions that enhance our engagement with them and understanding of their material, cultural and strategic significance.

Non-destructive technologies have had a transformative effect on the analysis and recreation of colours from the Classical world to the extent that ancient statuary can now be digitally and physically re-imagined in authentic polychromy. These techniques are particularly attractive for exploiting the latent research potential of museum collections since they ensure the integrity of the objects under study. Portable X-ray Fluorescence (pXRF) and Raman Spectrometry have been used to undertake in-situ analysis to identify and recreate the pigments that would have originally brought life to the Distance Stones.


An adaptive exponential time advancement framework is developed for solving the multidimensional Navier-Stokes equations with a variable-order discontinuous Galerkin (DG) discretization on hybrid unstructured curved grids. The adaptive framework is realized with cell-wise, variable-order DG refinements and a dynamic assembly of elemental Jacobian matrices. The accuracy and performance gain are investigated for several benchmark cases up to a realistic, three-dimensional rotor flow. Numerical results are shown to be more efficient than the use of uniform-order exponential DG for simulating viscous flows.


Abstract. Region dropout regularization strategies have proven to be highly effective at improving the generalization performance of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in a variety of computer vision tasks including image classification, object detection, and semantic segmentation because these strategies enable models to focus on a wider range of image region information. However, for action recognition, models need to be able to extract not only useful spatial information but also important temporal and motion information, which cannot be satisfied by traditional regularization strategies. We propose a spatiotemporal dropout strategy to meet the need for regularization in spatial–temporal CNNs. We call it label guided spatial–temporal drop (LGST-Drop); it not only provides effectively structured dropout in the spatial dimension but also regularizes motion information in the temporal dimension. In addition, LGST-Drop's mask is guided by the predicted categories of the model itself, which we called temporary labels. Extensive experiments on several standard datasets from action recognition domains show the usefulness of the proposed technique in comparison with the previous methods and theirstate-of-the-art variant algorithms.


To knockout of flo8 gene in industrial brewing yeast by PCR-mediated gene disruption.We obtained a deficient transformant G-03/f8 based on homologous recombination with KanMX gene,and the transformant was verified to be genetically stable.The PCR analysis showed that flo8 gene in the G-03/f8 was deleted.The properties of the transformant were investigated during flask fermentation on its fermentation routine parameters.Compared with the host strain G-03,G-03/f8 could reach the same level in growth and fermentation routine parameters.When using high PYF(premature yeast flocculation)value malt in brewing,the ethanol and fermentation degree of G-03/f8 decreased insignificantly,which was better than G-03 in the fermentation routine parameters.The G-03/f8 was insensitive to high PYF value wort,which insured the applying on it.


Asthma is a disease of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and airway inflammation. Asthma is also accompanied by changes to the structure and composition of the airway walls, collectively termed airway remodeling.1 Cardinal features of airway remodeling include increased numbers of mucus-secreting epithelial cells, thickening of the subepithelial collagen layer, and increases in vascularity and smooth-muscle mass around the airways. There is a strong consensus that airway remodeling contributes to the decline in lung function and the development of fixed airway obstruction present in patients with chronic, persistent asthma.2 Evidence indicates that aspects of airway remodeling . . .


ABSTRACT

 Mindari, Ajeng Retno. 2017. "Comparisons in Auxiliary Verbs –Teiru and Compound Verbs –Tsuzukeru ". Thesis, Department of Japanese Studies, Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University. The Advisor Elizabeth Ika Hesti ANR, S.S., M.Hum. In this thesis the author discuss "Comparisons in Auxiliary Verbs –Teiru and Compound Verbs –Tsuzukeru ". The purpose of this research are to describe the structure and meaning of comparisons in the auxiliary verbs –teiru and compound verbs –tsuzukeru and describe the similarities and differences of comparisons in the auxiliary verbs –teiru and compound verbs –tsuzukeru. The author obtained data from short stories and Japanese websites. The first step the authors collect data from various sources, then the author sorting data, then analyzed using the method of agih and substitution techniques. Based on the data analysis, the structure of the auxiliary verb –teiru is attached to the activity verb, punctual, and type 4. While the compound verbs -tsuzukeru attached to the activity verb and punctual. The equations between the auxiliary verbs and the compound verbs -tsuzukeru are both continuous. The difference between auxiliary verbs –teiru indicates events or events occurring at a particular point in time, whereas a compound verb -tsuzukeru indicates the continuity of unfinished activity or event.
Keyword: auxiliary verbs –teiru, compound verbs –tsuzukeru


The underrepresentation of Hispanics in medical education poses a looming problem for the United States. The inability to produce a physician population that mirrors their patients leads to inadequate healthcare for individuals of all ethno‐racial backgrounds. By 2045, Hispanics are projected to make up the majority of the population. The U.S. is 30% Hispanic but only 4% of all current medical students are Hispanic. The objectives of this research were to: [1] analyze key academic, socioeconomic, and psychosocial factors that hinder Hispanics in entering medical schools, and [2] highlight the benefits of increasing Hispanic representation within medical education. A library research using electronic databases such as JSTOR, Proquest, and Medline was conducted. Fifty peer‐reviewed articles were selected, analyzed, and evaluated for their relevance. Relevancy was judged based on how well the articles addressed our objectives. The identification of key factors was done by surveying how often frequently these occurred in the literature.


The World Economic Forum has identified biodiversity loss as an increasingly significant and impactful risk facing business. However, businesses themselves can nega-tively impact on biodiversity. Recognizing this, a number of companies have developed their own biodiversity commitments, including those to achieve a no net loss (NNL) or net positive impact (NPI) on biodiversity by balancing or outweighing any negative impacts through mitigation activities. We reviewed corporate ‐ level NNL and NPI commitments over the last two decades to establish the extent of their adoption, retraction, and scientific foundation. Between 2001 and 2016, 66 companies had made NNL/NPI environmental commitments. Thirty three of these 66 companies made specific biodiversity commitments. The numbers of companies making commitments increased in that period. However, some commitments were retracted, or their status became unclear, leaving only 18 companies with active NNL/NPI biodiversity commitments in 2016. Added to this, many of the commitments are lacking science ‐ based criteria that would allow more transparent and systematic assessment of corporate activities. Thus, although commitments are being made, they may not be delivering as intended. To secure real biodiversity gains, we recommend advancing methods to assess biodiversity risks to businesses, and using science ‐ based criteria to deepen corporate commitments and actions. Concerted effort from all sectors is needed to halt and reverse biodiversity loss, and the " biodiversity policy super ‐ year " of 2020 is the perfect moment for business to deliver through well ‐ framed and implemented commitments to biodiversity NPI.


Properties of Pb(Zr_{1-x}Ti_x)O_3 (PZT) for compositions x near the morphotropic phase boundary and under an electric field are simulated using an ab-initio based approach. Applying an electric field of [111] orientation to tetragonal PZT (e.g., x=0.50) leads to the expected sequence of tetragonal, A-type monoclinic, and rhombohedral structures. However, the application of a field of orientation [001] to rhombohedral PZT (e.g., x=0.47) does not simply reverse this sequence. Instead, the system follows a complicated path involving also triclinic and C-type monoclinic structures. These latter phases are found to exhibit huge shear piezoelectric coefficients.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate mentoring behaviours in a public medical school in Malaysia and examine factors associated with those mentoring behaviours. The study is important because effective mentoring promotes the personal and professional growth of mentees.

Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional study was conducted with a population of 632 medical students. The authors used the Mentor Behaviour Scale (MBS) to measure four domains of mentoring behaviour: mentoring relationship structure, engagement, autonomy support and competency support. The authors evaluated the scoring of these domains as high, moderate or low scores.

Findings
A total of 508 (80.4 per cent) medical students in Years 2–5 participated in this study. Mentoring relationship structure, engagement and competency support were perceived as moderate scores, whereas autonomy support was perceived as a low score. Students in the early phases of study had better attitudes regarding mentoring behaviours. More frequent meetings and longer duration of meetings were significantly associated with better attitudes towards mentoring behaviour.

Originality/value
This paper evaluates contemporary mentoring behaviours in a Malaysian public medical school and contributes to non-western literature on mentoring. These behaviours were reflected in the four domains of the theory-based MBS.


GAN has recently been proved to be able to generate symbolic music in the form of piano-rolls. However, those existing GAN-based multi-track music generation methods are always unstable. Moreover, due to defects in the temporal features extraction, the generated multi-track music does not sound natural enough. Therefore, we propose a new GAN model with self-attention mechanism, DMB-GAN, which can extract more temporal features of music to generate multi-instruments music stably. First of all, to generate more consistent and natural single-track music, we introduce self-attention mechanism to enable GAN-based music generation model to extract not only spatial features but also temporal features. Secondly, to generate multi-instruments music with harmonic structure among all tracks, we construct a dual generative adversarial architecture with multi-branches, each branch for one track. Finally, to improve generated quality of multi-instruments symbolic music, we introduce switchable normalization to stabilize network training. The experimental results show that DMB-GAN can stably generate coherent, natural multi-instruments music with good quality.


By W. O. REE, associate h'Ycll'(uLiic e1![lincel', and V, J, PALMEH,l associate.. (t{lrimtlho'al e~liui1t(jc)', Di'vision of Dmi1wuc ami WeLtcl' Cont'I'ol, Research, Soil COW.lCl'V(Lt-ion Service. CONTENTS Puge Pnge rntraduction ""","','".," 2 Kudzu experiments '........... 52 Expel'imental conditions and Record of experiments "..... 57 pl'ocedul'e ,.,",.," •. , , . , 3 Hydraulic behavior of kudzu.. 62 Constructing and preparing Stability of a channel lined channels •.. " .. ,' ..... ,. 4 with kudzu." .... , ... ,. 63 'resting "", .... " ..... , .. " 5 Effect of plowing a kudzu-lined Measul'l)ments and obs.:;:vations 7 channel .. , ... ,", .. " ' .. 64 Methods oJ computation and estiCommon lespedeza experiments, . 65 mate", ..... , ' ..... , ... , 10 Record of expr·riments ... ,.' 68 Hyeil'liulic computations ,.,',. 10 Hydl'llulic behaviol' of common Seoul' computations ... , ... ,'. 13 lespedeza ... ,'., .... , .. 73 Estimating permissible veloci 1;5 Stability of a channel lined ties .... ,' .. ,.,.".,',', 13 with common lespedeza. '. 76 Retlll'dance of flow , ...... , ... . 13 Sericea lespedeza experiments. ,. 76 rnfluence of a vegetal lining .. . Influence of bed slope. ... ,., 15 Record of experiments ..... , 77 Influence of type lind condition Hydraulic behavior of sericea of vegetlltion 18 lespedeza .... , ..•.... , .. 84 Effect of cutting vegetation 18 Stability of a channel lined Influence of ohape of channel .. 18 with sericea lespedeza, ... 87 Influence of order of test flows 19 Sudan grass experIment ,.".,. 89 VR as an index of l'etardance .•. ~~ RecOl'd of experiment , ...... . 89 Bermuda grass experiments 24 Hydraulic behavior of Sudan Record of experiments • grass "' ...... ,.,.,.". 91 Hydraulic behavior of Bermuda Stability of a channel lined grass ......... ~, ... , .. , 40 with Sudan grass .. , .... . 91 Stability of a channel lined with 41 Grass mixture experiments .... . 91 Bermuda grass .... , .. , , Oentipede grass experiments ". 44 Record of experiments .. , ... . 94 Record of expel'iments 44 Hydl'Uulic behavior of grass Hydraulic behavior of centi  mixture ..... , .... , ... ,. 97 pede grass" .. , ... " .. ,. 48 Stability of a channel lined Stability of a channel lined with grass mixture 99 with centipede gl'ass 48 Bare-channel experiments .... ,. 99 Dallis grass-crabgrass experiRecol'd of experiments .. , .. , 99 ment ... ,',., ..... , .. , .. ' 49 of on bare Discussion results Record of experiment. . . . . . .. 49 channels , .. , .... , .. , .... 101 Hydraulic behavior of Dallis 52 Field application of results .. ,. 101 grass and crabgl'ass Retal'dance coefficients " .... , 101. Stability of a channel lined


The present invention belongs to the signal processing field and relates to a passive coherent location radar-based delay-Doppler frequency extraction method. The passive coherent location radar-based delay-Doppler frequency extraction method of the invention is based on a traditional time-frequency two-dimensional correlation method; in the extraction process of the delay and Doppler frequency of a target, initial delay and Doppler frequency are obtained through mainly using reference signals and the traditional method; and compensation and correlation operation are performed on the reference signals and target signals, so that more accurate delay and Doppler frequency can be obtained. Compared with the traditional method, the method of the invention can obviously improve the detection precision of delay and Doppler frequency in radar detection and is lower in time complexity when reaching the same detection precision.


More than 80% of all cases of HIV are in the developing world. AIDS in global terms is very much a development issue, a symptom and increasingly a cause of under-development. Even if a cure is eventually found, it will take a while to reach those who need it the most, if it ever does. This position is the heart of the author's comments on three other presentations about the relationship between AIDS and journalism. She edits WorldAIDS, a magazine on AIDS distributed free in developing countries. While there is a plethora of information on AIDS for researchers and doctors in the Western world, WorldAIDS is the main and often only source of AIDS information for many of its readers. The author reminds the reader that there is definitely no information overload in the developing world. Journalists in developing countries seeking information and knowledge on HIV/AIDS do not enjoy the Western journalist luxury of securing specialist assistance to help them understand AIDS. Few media organizations in the developing world can afford to train specialist reporters and access to information resources is much more limited than in the more developed countries. The Internet, however, may revolutionize access to information in the next few years in the developing world. It is already changing the life of working journalists in many places. Reporting science accurately and following new developments is only part of the journalist's job when reporting AIDS issues. The press also has a major role in monitoring the flow and use of funds allocated for AIDS. It is noted that the press is both an ally and an enemy of the AIDS activist. While mass media can disseminate information on a broad scale, it also runs scare stories counterproductive to HIV prevention and control and the eradication of social ignorance and prejudice against people with HIV and AIDS.


"Geographic Load Balancing" is a strategy for reducing the energy cost of data centers spreading across different terrestrial locations. In this paper, we focus on load balancing among micro-datacenters powered by renewable energy sources. We model via a Markov Chain the problem of scheduling jobs by prioritizing datacenters where renewable energy is currently available. Not finding a convenient closed form solution for the resulting chain, we use mean field techniques to derive an asymptotic approximate model which instead is shown to have an extremely simple and intuitive steady state solution. After proving, using both theoretical and discrete event simulation results, that the system performance converges to the asymptotic model for an increasing number of datacenters, we exploit the simple closed form model's solution to investigate relationships and trade-offs among the various system parameters.


The function and effect of cities and towns landscape design were discussed,and the existing problems of cities and towns landscape design in China were pointed out.The development tendency of modern cities and towns landscape design in foreign countries was summarized,and the basic principle which should be obeyed in the scheme of cities and towns landscape design was discussed.Meanwhile,authors put forward the idea of establishing quantity standard of cities and towns landscape design and expounding the ensuring measure to suitable plan of cities and towns landscape design,aiming to find out the method to make cities and towns landscape design to an optimal effect,thereby,to reflect cities and towns individual character and distinguishing feature,to raise the physical and mental environment value as well as create the pretty cities and towns environment.


Lateral luxation of permanent teeth is a common injury, and the most frequent post-injury complications is Pulp Canal Obliteration (PCO) followed by pulp necrosis and root resorption. This report presents two different prognoses for symmetrical immature maxillary central incisors after lateral luxation in a 7-year-old boy. Both teeth were laterally luxated and the gingiva distal to the left incisor was lacerated. Under local anesthesia, the involved teeth were repositioned and stabilized. At the 8 months followup, both teeth were without clinical symptoms. The left incisor exhibited a wide root canal space and thinner of the walls from radiograph. However, the right incisor had partial PCO that progressed to total PCO 9 months later. PCO might have been related to injury of the neurovascular supply of the pulp. The thinner of the root canal walls of the left incisor might due to the severe injuries of the peridontal ligament and the dental papilla.


The article is devoted to changes in the state youth policy of the USSR in "haw"period of 1953-1964 and their influence on the youth of the Khabarovsk Territory. The author compares AllUnion and regional tendencies for the interaction between authorities and young generation. The research is based upon archive materials from the Russian State Archive of the Newest History, The Russian State Archive of Social and Political History and The State Archive of the Khabarovsk Territory and The Khabarovsk Territorial Museum of Regional Studies Archive.


This chapter offers a new reading of the iconographic program of Magdalene cycle as a reflection of Franciscan ideals. It shows how the selection of scenes, both typical and unique, demonstrates a close connection between Franciscan devotional literature and visual imagery. The Magdalene cycle in the Guidalotti-Rinuccini Chapel builds upon established themes in Magdalene iconography to reflect contemporary fourteenth-century Franciscan theology. Considering the Franciscan friars of Santa Croce as primary viewing audience for Magdalene cycle in the Guidalotti-Rinuccini Chapel, the scenes chosen for the cycle reflect central doctrines of their order. Along with an emphasis on repentance and the vita mixta , the final typically Franciscan theme found in the Magdalene cycle in Guidalotti-Rinuccini Chapel is the importance of preaching and mystical apparitions. The theme of Three Marys, and especially the theme of Christ's appearance to Mary Magdalene ( Noli me tangere ) were also reflected in Franciscan literature of the period. Keywords:Guidalotti-Rinuccini Chapel; Magdalene cycle; Magdalene iconography; Mary Magdalene; Santa Croce; Trecento Franciscan imagery; vita mixta


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Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) including endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals and personal care product chemicals (PPCPs) have recently received more attention because of their occurrence in water bodies and harmful impacts on human health and aquatic organisms. Triclosan is widely used as a synthetic broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent due to its antimicrobial efficacy. However, triclosan detected in aquatic environment has been recently considered as one of CECs, because of the potential for endocrine disruption, the formation of toxic by-products and the development of cross-resistance to antibiotics in aquatic environment. This comprehensive review focuses on the regulations, toxicology, fate and transport, occurrence and removal efficiency of triclosan. Overall, this review aims to provide better understanding of triclosan and insight into application of biological treatment process as an efficient method for triclosan removal.


In this paper, I report on the results of an empirical examination of cultural influences on professional judgments of Australian, Indian, and Chinese‐Malaysian accountants in relation to whistle‐blowing as an internal control mechanism. Australia serves as a proxy for the Anglo‐American cluster of countries comprising the U.S., U.K., and Canada, while India and Malaysia represent the Asian‐Indian and Chinese clusters, respectively. I draw on cultural characteristics and differences among these societies to formulate hypotheses that Australian professional accountants are both more likely and more accepting of engaging in whistle‐blowing as an internal control mechanism than Chinese‐Malaysian and Indian professional accountants. Data were gathered through a survey questionnaire administered to samples of senior professional accountants from Big 6 (at the time of data collection) firms in Australia, India, and Malaysia. The questionnaire comprised two whistle‐blowing scenarios, and used both single‐attribu...


Computational electromagnetics is a fascinating subject with plenty of opportunity still for scientific study and applied research. The commercial world can benefit from such work provided that it is useful, credible, and easy to adopt. My colleagues and I have sought a balanced approach in our work in communications engineering, pursuing contracts with industry while developing new computational methods. Areas of increasing importance are likely to be mathematical verification of numerical methods and analysis and optimal design of complex systems requiring a combination of existing methods.


The systematic error of resistance strain sensor is caused by strain transmission error that differs with different parameters of the sensitive gate structure in the measurement process. The paper establishes a measure model that is made up with a cantilever beam(the measured matrix),the binder and some strain wires,then studies the influence of different sensitive gate structure parameters on the measurement result using finite element method(FEM)and the effectiveness of FEM is validated by a comparison with experimental results at the end.The results of the FEM analysis show that in the matrix strain passing the gate length and the gate spacing have intermediate optimal values,and that the smaller the grid diameter is,the smaller the strain transmission error becomes.Besides,the relative errors corresponding to different structural parameters are also given based on the FEM analysis,which provide effective reference for the selection of structural parameters and the appropriate error compensation in the process of measurement.


This article uses case examples of analytical work with "the affliction of love" to show how bringing mythology and poetry into clinical work can help shed light on the nature of the agony inherent in a love relationship. A discourse on why we fall in love and five degrees of love, according to the religious lore of India, follows. The views of Jung and Rumi regarding the mystery of love are compared and used as guidance for development of ego qualities that could help the individual bear this alchemical process. A possible psychological value gained is an access to the transformative potential of romantic love, particularly in developing a relationship with one's inner healer.


STATISTICAL SOFTWARE FOR MICROCOMPUTERS is a statistical package with 19 procedures, including descriptive statistics, variance analysis, linear regression, and scatterplots. The manual is clearly written. This text/software package is primarily for teaching statistics, especially where control groups are applicable.


This article examines how the first socialist labor party in France, the FTSF(Federation du Parti des Travailleurs Socialistes de France, 1879-1890), led the electoral activities based on the three somewhat conflicting principles of reform, revolution, and class independence. The party, consisted mainly of Parisian skilled workers, believed that in the case of winning the electoral struggle, workers would recognize their potential power, and in the case of losing, still would they strengthen class antagonism against the bourgeoisie. Either way, according to the party, reform struggle would lead workers toward the revolution. For the third, but most profound regulation, the class independence, the party avoided to nominate non-worker representatives and any alliance with other classes to win the election. This research proved that at least before the Boulanger crisis(1887-1889), the party never allowed breaking the above three rules, despite the fair cost of splitting with the Guesdistes in 1882 and Malon's Independence group in 1884.


Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a relatively uncommon but lethal malignancy; when diagnosed at an advanced stage, the 5-year survival rate is 2% (1). Unfortunately, the majority of PDA patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, where the median overall survival (OS) is only 4.6 months (2). Gemcitabine-based chemotherapy regimens have been the longstanding, first-line treatment option for locally advanced or metastatic PDA (3-5). Both gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel and FOLFIRINOX [5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (5-FU/LV) + irinotecan + oxaliplatin] have shown clear survival benefit and gained acceptance as frontline therapy for otherwise fit patients (6,7). Until the recent past, we were without proven secondline treatment options for patients who progressed on firstline gemcitabine-based regimens. In 2015, based upon the results of the phase 3 NAPOLI-1 trial (NCT01494506) (8), the nanoliposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI) plus 5-FU/LV regimen was approved for advanced PDA patients after failure of gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. Recently, Mercadé et al. (9) reported subgroup analyses of the NAPOLI-1 trial that investigated the patient, tumor, and prior treatment characteristics and their effects on survival outcomes. NAPOLI-1 was a global, phase 3, randomized, openlabel trial at 76 sites in 14 countries. In this trial, 417 patients with metastatic PDA who were previously treated with gemcitabine-based chemotherapy were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to three treatment arms: nal-IRI (80 mg/m) plus 5-FU/LV (400 mg/m of LV and 2,400 mg/m of 5-FU over 46 hours) every two weeks, nal-IRI monotherapy (120 mg/m2) every three weeks or 5-FU/LV monotherapy (200 mg/m of LV followed by 2,000 mg/m of 5-FU over 24 hours) in a four weeks on, two weeks off schedule. Patients receiving combination treatment with nal-IRI+5FU/LV demonstrated a significantly longer median OS compared with the 5-FU/LV cohort [6.1 vs. 4.2 months (HR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0·.49–0.92; P=0.012)] (8). Also, median progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly longer in the nal-IRI+5-FU/LV cohort compared to the 5-FU/LV cohort (3.1 vs. 1.5 months; HR 0.56; P=0.0001). Median OS (4.9 vs. 4.2 months; P=0.94) and PFS (2.7 vs. 1.6 months; P=0.1) were not significantly different between patients in the nal-IRI monotherapy group and those in the 5-FU/ LV monotherapy group. Objective response rates (ORR) were superior in the nal-IRI+5-FU/LV cohort compared with those in the 5-FU/LV cohort (16% vs. 1%; P<0.0001). The grade 3 or 4 adverse events (AEs) that occurred most frequently in the nal-IRI+5-FU/LV cohort were neutropenia, diarrhea, vomiting, and fatigue. Although AEs observed were higher in patients receiving nal-IRI+5-FU/ LV, the quality of life was not significantly different from patients in the 5-FU/LV cohort. The NAPOLI-1 clinical trial showed a 45% increase Editorial Commentary


In this article (Paragraph No. 35,011), the author examines the recent developments in the aviation war risk insurance market and some of the ideas now being developed for the establishment of new mechanisms for insuring against various forms of aviation war risk. According to the author, developments in the international aviation insurance market by late September 2001 had threatened to bring commercial aviation to a virtual standstill. Facing the specter of potentially massive losses, the world's leading aviation insurers took action to limit their potential exposure in the event of future terrorist attacks. They advised carriers that their existing war risk and allied perils liability coverage was being canceled and that future "war risk" liability coverage for third parties (other than passengers) would be limited to $50 million, as compared with the $750 million (or more) of coverage that fairly routinely was available prior to September 11. This presented the carriers with a most unpalatable dilemma: continue operating with limited insurance cover and risk almost certain bankruptcy in the event of a future terrorist attack, or ground their fleets and face near certain financial ruin. The members of the aircraft leasing and financing community faced an equally grim quandary: they could order the airlines to ground their fleets of leased/financed aircraft, or they could allow the airlines to continue to fly without adequate third party insurance protection against a possible future terrorist attack involving one of their aircraft. In the days that followed, prompt action by various governments around the world helped to avert the looming crisis in commercial aviation. In the U.S., Congress enacted legislation that provided a mechanism for the Secretary of Transportation to effectively limit the third party liability of a U.S. carrier that was found to have been the victim of a terrorist act, and to reimburse U.S. carriers for certain increases in the cost of commercial war risk insurance. At the same time, the legislation expanded the Federal Aviation Administration's war risk insurance program. A number of foreign governments adopted similar measures. Many of these initiatives were only temporary in nature, which raises important questions concerning the ability of the world's airlines to obtain adequate third party liability war risk coverage in the future. A number of carriers also received notice of substantial increases in the premiums for their "hull" war risk insurance and substantial reductions in the fleet aggregate limits of their policies. These changes come at a time when the airlines still are struggling to cope with the economic fallout of the September 11 terrorist attacks. Although there has been some indication in recent months that conditions in the international aviation insurance market have begun to stabilize, the author notes a lingering concern that the September 11 terrorist attacks may have given rise to fundamental changes in the international aviation insurance market. These changes are likely to have long lasting and far reaching consequences for the world's airlines and the aircraft leasing and financing industries. The author concludes his article with a review of the efforts underway to devise a lasting solution, citing a number of war risk insurance initiatives under consideration worldwide.


HighlightsThe problems of high resistance to seed sucking and the poor stability of seed sucking were solved.A mechanical model was established for seeds in a seed stirring device.The optimum parameters of the seed stirring device were obtained.Seeding precision was improved, providing a reference for the seed sucking process.Abstract. To achieve a goal of precision seeding with 1 to 3 seeds per hill and to solve problems in a pneumatic rice seed metering device, including high resistance to seed sucking, poor stability of seed suction, and low seeding precision, a cylindrical seed stirring device was designed. The design was based on the characteristics of the rice seed flow in the seed suction area. A mechanical model of the rice seed in the seed stirring device was established. The relationships between the seed fluidity and the parameters of the seed stirring device were simulated with EDEM software. The effects of seed fluidity on the seed suction area were analyzed under different seed stirring device parameters. To analyze the influences of different parameters of the seed stirring device on seed stirring and to observe the relationships between different parameters and rice seeds, high-speed photography was used to observe the seed sucking and stirring processes. The super hybrid rice Y-2 You 900 was selected as the test material. The seeding precision was tested at different rotating speeds, negative pressures, and parameters of the seed stirring device. The test results showed that an increase in the diameter and thickness of the seed stirring device was beneficial for increasing the seed absorption rate and reducing the missed seed rate but also increased the rate of multiple-seed sucking and reduced the seeding precision. The optimal parameters of the seed stirring device were a cylinder thickness of 2 mm and a diameter of 5 mm. This study provides a certain reference basis for the seed suction process of a pneumatic seed metering device. Keywords: Agricultural machinery, Precision seeding, Rice sowing, Seed stirring device, Seeder.