Recently, Cognitive Neuropsychology altered the statement of the journal's aims that appears in every issue, the new material expressing an interest in publishing "computational modelling research that is informed by consideration of neuropsychological phenomena". The journal's interest in computational models, however, is anything but recent. When Cognitive Neuropsychology was in its first decade, it devoted an entire issue to a single article reporting a model of impaired reading by Plaut and Shallice (1993). This now classic treatment of dyslexic errors from a connectionist perspective—it is currently the third most cited article in the journal—and later examples of what Coltheart (2006) calls "computational cognitive neuropsychology" have influenced the interpretation of neuropsychological data for some time now. This special issue thus comes at a time when a variety of computational models and modelling frameworks have had their say on neuropsychological data. What is a computational model? It is a model expressed as a computational implementation, the implementation being necessary to understand the model's implications for data and for theory. What, then, is a model? The term "model" has been used in the context of accounts of impaired cognition since the inception of the field. For example, the Wernicke–Lichtheim model of aphasia (e.g., Lichtheim, 1885) was a diagram containing nodes representing mental content (e.g., auditory lexical images) and directional arrows indicating the flow of processing among the nodes during various tasks (e.g., speech comprehension). Lesions could be associated with nodes or arrows, and, because each of these components was identified with both a cognitive function and a brain region, the model generated accounts of aphasic symptoms—how they clustered and how they were associated with brain areas. For example, the poor comprehension and repetition associated with Wernicke's aphasia was attributed to a lesion to the auditory-image node. The diagram revealed that this node is a necessary part of the path for the tasks of both comprehension and repetition. Thus, the model, in the form of Lichtheim's diagram, made concrete the links between the theory and potential patterns of data. Modern computational models are, of course, much more than diagrams. But they have much the same function. The model's computer program specifies a cognitive architecture, including processing levels or subsystems, and a variety of operations and parameters. This program is analogous to the diagram. Running the program simulates the cognitive processes involved in the performance of some task, just as following the arrows does in a diagram. Of course, the program is necessary because the complexity of most computational models precludes working things out by hand. Various aspects of the program can be


Many image capture devices use a single image sensor covered with a color filter array to capture color images. The color filter array allows only one color to be measure at each pixel. This means the device must estimate the missing two color values at each pixel. This paper introduce a few commonly used color interpolate algorithms based on Bayer color filter array. These color interpolate algorithms are farther compared in terms of the image quality and the computational complexity. Experimental results show that bilinear interpolation algorithm has the lowest computational complexity and adaptive color plane interpolation has the best image quality.


We give a general theory of the interaction of a large number of two-level atoms in an optical cavity driven by a broadband squeezed input of finite amplitude. No adiabatic elimination of atoms or field is made, and atomic and cavity loss and dispersion are fully incorporated in the theory. We calculate the optical and squeezing spectra that may be observed in transmission and reflection from the cavity; the latter exhibits a novel interference structure superimposed as a result of the squeezed input. Results presented indicate that it is possible to somewhat reduce the vacuum Rabi peaks in transmission, in the strong-coupling regime, with a moderately squeezed input. In the limit of a ``bad cavity,'' the characteristic triplet transmitted under conditions of saturation may have one of its sidebands suppressed and the other enhanced by a squeezed input. These signatures suggest new alternatives for the experimental study of the interaction of atoms with squeezed light.


We present results obtained using low temperature near-field scanning optical microscopy for the measurements of Zeeman splitting and the diamagnetic shift of single self-organized InAs/AlAs, InAs/GaAs and InP/GaInP quantum dots. The measurements allow us to relate the bimodal size distribution of InAs dots with variations in In content. For single InP QDs we observed a strong circular polarization at zero magnetic field accompanied with a negative energy shift, suggesting that strong internal magnetic fields exist in these QDs.


According to Article etching, a method for reproducing an etching solution composed of a phosphoric acid aqueous solution used to etch silicon nitride films, extracts an etching solution containing a silicon compound caused by the etching from the etching bath and water was added to the extracted etching solution, the regeneration method of etching solution having a step of removing a silicon compound precipitated in the etching solution by lowering the acid concentration in the etching solution with 80-50% by weight process, a decrease in the phosphate concentration from the etching solution, characterized.


Facing low margin age approach, enterprise must create a powerful business model and keep superiority of competition. To implement Business-to-Business application in order to response to changing business environment, it makes business flow to be more integrated and with flexible. Quick response has increased dramatically between business partners, which will reduce cost of operation, raise higher competition of market, positively related to profitability increase and maximize their mutual benefit also. To achieve Inter-Origination business model, Information technology (IT) is one of the most effective solutions to help enterprises dealing with the challenges in today's dynamic environment. The subject of this study is to observe of the electronic industry and understand typical case that discovers some critical issues and problems for example, high cost, inelasticity, multiple on-line systems cross different countries and industries. This is an exploratory study. The main purpose of the research is to study the benefit by using Web Services focus on B2Bi application and compare with the greater part of B2Bi application today, in order to find the difference and discrimination between merit and demerit. In the process of the study, first of all, it found the typical case of the electronic industry is to understand the present stage of the B2Bi system model. Secondly, this research used Web-services technologies develop similar prototype system. Finally, the different infrastructure of these application, came out by interviewing with experts in the field, is used to collect other experts' experiences of the prototype system and to envloutation the application between which are use normally. In summary, the conclusions of this study are finished these topics: (1) found the typical case of the electronic industry is to understand the present stage of the B2Bi system model. (2) Used Web-services technologies develop similar prototype system. (3) Compare analysis the different information technology and found the advantage and variation is suggested to help with critical variable selection.


Ammonium dithiocarbamate, H2NCS2NH4, decomposes easily but the anion forms a stable mercury(II) complex, the crystals of which are orthorhombic with a = 7.851(3), b = 17.565(7), c = 12.051(3) A, and space group Pbca. The structure was solved by the Patterson method and refined by the full-matrix least-squares method to an R of 0.038 for 781 reflections. The structure consists of layers of two-dimensional polymeric networks. The dimeric subunits in the layer containing two each of mutually connected Hg atoms and dithiocarbamates are further linked by other bridging dithiocarbamates forming a sheet-like structure. Each Hg atom bonds to four S atoms from four separate dithiocarbamates with Hg—S distances of 2.499(4), 2.508(4), 2.533(4), and 2.629(4) A. The ir bands observed were: ν(NH2), 3320, 3220, 3125; δ(NH2), 1600; ν(C—N), 1395; ρr(NH2), 1172; and v(C—S), 840 cm−1. The mass spectrum of this polymeric compound gave peaks corresponding to Hg, S2, CNH2, HNCS, S, CS2, S5, S4, S3, and S8 in the order of their...


Abstract: Insertion of a normally functioning human β‐globin gene into the hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) of patients with β‐thalassemia may be an effective approach to the therapy of this disorder. Safe, efficient gene transfer and long‐term, high‐level expression of the transferred human β‐globin gene in animal models are prerequisites for HSC somatic gene therapy. We have recently shown for the first time that, using a modified β‐globin retroviral vector in a mouse transplant model, long‐term, high‐level expression of a transferred human β‐globin gene is possible. The human β‐globin gene continues to be detected up to eight months post‐transplantation of β‐globin‐transduced hematopoietic cells into lethally irradiated mice. The transferred human β‐globin gene is detected in three of five mice surviving long‐term (>4 months) transplanted with bone marrow cells transduced with high‐titer virus. The unrearranged 5.1 kb human β‐globin gene‐containing provirus is seen by Southern blotting in two of these mice. More importantly, long‐term expression of the transferred gene is seen in two mice at levels of 5% and 20% that of endogenous murine β‐globin. We document stem cell transduction by showing continued high‐level expression of the human β‐globin gene in secondarily transplanted recipient mice. These results provide evidence of HSC transduction with a human β‐globin gene in animals and demonstrate that retroviral‐mediated unrearranged human β‐globin gene transfer leads to a high level of human β‐globin gene expression in the long term for the first time. A gene therapy strategy may be a feasible therapeutic approach to the β‐thalassemias if consistent human β‐globin gene transfer and expression into HSC can be achieved.


With the development of artificial intelligence and the introduction of "new retail" concept, unmanned settlement has gradually become a research hotspot in academia and industry. As an important part of the retail, settlement is important for supermarket and user experience. In the traditional method, bar code based recognition requires a lot of manual assistance, and the salary cost is high; RFID also requires special equipment, and the hardware cost is high. At present, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) exhibit many advantages over traditional methods in various machine vision tasks such as image classification, object detection, instance segmentation, image generation, etc. Based on deep learning, this paper provides a novelty unmanned settlement solution that requires only a few cameras, which can achieve a new experience that is faster, more accurate and lower cost. A very high accuracy rate is achieved on our product dataset. The subsequent paper also demonstrate the effectiveness and the robustness of the algorithm under different conditions through a series of experiments.


At the 1999 International Botanical Congress held in St Louis, Missouri, the President of the Congress, Dr Peter Raven, presented a keynote address emphasizing the importance of plants to human existence and underlined concerns that the Earth is undergoing a human-induced extinction crisis. One of the resolutions of the congress was to establish a new co-ordinating body associated with the United Nations to monitor the status of plants throughout the world and take steps to conserve them. The resolutions were followed up with a meeting in Gran Canaria on 3–4 April, 2000 when leading botanists met to formulate a declaration which could be taken forward to the fifth Conference of the Parties (CoP5) to the Convention on Biological Diversity held in Nairobi in May 2000. CoP5 recognized that plant diversity is a common concern of humankind and an essential resource for the planet, with as many as two-thirds of the world's plant species in danger of extinction, and proposed that at the sixth meeting of the Conference of the Parties (CoP6) the establishment of a global strategy for plant conservation should be considered. A strategy with 16 targets was presented and adopted at the CoP6 meeting held in The Hague in April 2002. These targets differ from the normal approach adopted in the Convention on Biological Diversity of using general principles that can be interpreted by national policy, in that they are quantified.


The invention relates to a parallel buckling restrained brace structure and a construction method thereof. The parallel buckling restrained brace structure comprises columns, a horizontal member and a brace member connected between two adjacent columns, wherein the horizontal member is a beam or a horizontal bar; the brace member comprises at least one parallel buckling restrained brace which comprises two parallel steel cylinder casings; an inner core steel part is arranged inside each steel cylinder casing, and an isolating layer is coated outside each inner core steel part; concrete or cement mortar filler is filled in the gaps between the isolating layer and the steel cylinder casings; and the two steel cylinder casings are in parallel connection. Compared with the prior art, the buckling bearing capacity of the buckling restrained brace is greatly improved by connecting a plurality of inner core steel plates in parallel, and the parallel buckling restrained brace structure can be widely applied to damping and energy dissipation of high-rise and super high-rise structures.


Parallel machine scheduling problem is significant because it is a common phenomenon in real life and a subproblem of multi-stage complex problems. Studies about parallel machine scheduling usually analyzes a single planning period in which all the machines are active in all periods. However, it is not always possible in real life for various reasons. Therefore, this study analyzed the case when there are more than one planning period and different numbers of parallel machines running in each period. The problem was sampled with a real-life application and the success of the resulting solution was discussed.


In the context of promoting a fundamental and comprehensive reform of education and training in Vietnam, a decisive factor to the innovation of tertiary education is the quality of the lecturers. The article identifies several requirements placed on institutes directly under the Ministry of National Defence to improve the quality of the lecturing staff in the current context of education and training innovation. These requirements will be fundamental for a proposal of effective measures to improve the quality of lecturing staff in member institutes under the Ministry of Defence.


Abstract : The Basic Underwater Demolition SEAL (BUD/S) training program is a six-month rigorous program that prepares trainees for specialized instruction before being assigned to a SEAL team. Two major but separate issues affect this program: stress fractures and attrition. Stress fracture rates are around 5-9% and may lead to attrition or training delays. Ultimately, only about 25% of trainees complete the program. The purpose of this study was to examine both stress fractures and attrition outcomes among BUD/S trainees by evaluating a combination of administrative records and self-reported health behavior data.


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There are no rules for the formation of Arabic plurals, in the sense that we have them for Turkish, Hebrew, Greek, Latin, or even German. The grammars, native and European, give lists of plurals that usually go with certain singulars; but the plural form is, except in a few cases, unpredictable; and it remains a matter for the dictionary, that is, for the memory. Most singulars are capable, in theory, of several plurals; and in practice they have some one, or several, of these plurals. The grammarian passes them over, without effort or in despair. They are supposed to be purely arbitrary. Now, of course, nothing in language is purely arbitrary; although the laws involved may be so intricate, and so much complicated by analogy and phonetic influences, particularly in their decadence, that they are not easily discovered. Perhaps grammarians generally, and grammarians of Arabic in particular, are too 'easily satisfied with recording the phenomena, and too little interested in explaining the mental processes underlying the phenomena. The speculative side of language study is, of course, risky, and not popular with the more orthodox. But where orthodoxy fails, speculation has a right to go forward. And there are many beginning students, and many teachers of beginners, who will welcome, I think, such an examination of the most vexing array of facts in the whole of a most difficult grammar. Let us attempt a classification of the common broken plurals. 1. When the singular has short vowels only, the plural has a long vowel; the other factors are immaterial: kalb-kilab gamal-gimal cabd--abid qalb-qulab gund-gun'fd


An analysis method of La and Ce in steel by direct-read spectrometer was established.The experimental conditions were optimized.The method is simple,convenient and quick with high accurate and precision.


—In this paper, we consider the development and implementation of a faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) signaling system using a binary phase-shift keying modulation (BPSK). We present a review of the theory and pertinent historical works related to the FTN signaling scheme, as well as practical work carried out in a laboratory environment. The popular open-source, and radio-specific, signal processing application GNU Radio was used to develop transmitter and receiver architectures. These architectures were then deployed for ex- ecution on various software-defined radio (SDR) hardware. We have evaluated the minimum Euclidean distance (MED) and probabilistic data association (PDA) estimators performance in terms of bit-error-rate (BER). We observed for higher noise variance to achieve a BER of 10 − 3 with τ = 0 . 8 when using MED and τ = 0 . 9 when using PDA.


The time has come to draw up programs to acclimatize young people to the market, so that schools can not only provide lectures on economics or even practical classes in business but can also attempt to introduce elements of real entrepreneurship in the schools and teach on the principle "Let me learn by doing." Programs of this sort are now in demand by workers in many schools of the North, but only a few instructors at Syktyvkar University are offering such studies in two city schools, after having trained in applied economics using American methodology.


This paper introduces our design of an IPTV platform. This system consists of 9 subsystems: content registration system, distribution management system, metadata hub system, global interface system, user management system, operation log system, distribution log system, deploy system, and authoring system. This system allows any authorized users to upload their content to the system, retrieve content from the system, and use it.


The audio system with a listening space may include a signal processor and a plurality of loudspeakers. The audio system can be tuned to the automated audio tuning system to optimize the sound output of the loudspeakers within the listening space. The automated audio tuning system may provide automated processing to determine at least one of the plurality of settings, such as channel equalization settings, delay settings, gain settings, crossover settings, bass optimization settings and group equalization settings. The settings may be generated by the audio of the automated audio tuning system based on the response produced by the loudspeakers in the audio system. The automated tuning system may generate simulations of the application setting of the audio response to optimize tuning.


The idea of balancing the side-channel leakage in software was proposed more than a decade ago. Just like with other hiding-based countermeasures, the goal is not to hide the leakage completely but to significantly increase the effort required for the attack. Previous approaches focused on two directions: either balancing the Hamming weight of the processed data or deriving the code by using stochastic leakage profiling. In this brief, we build upon these results by proposing a novel approach that combines the two directions. We provide the theory behind our encoding scheme backed by experimental results on a 32-bit ARM Cortex-M4 microcontroller. Our results show that such a combination gives better side-channel resistance properties than each of the two methods separately.


Amplifier circuit having a circuit input to be amplified circuit input signal (Vin), wherein said amplifier circuit includes two operational amplifier (OPV1, OPV2), each having an amplifier input and at least one amplifier output, and are respectively negatively fed-back, wherein the amplifier inputs are connected to the circuit input, wherein the amplifier input of one of the two operational amplifiers (OPV1) having a further amplifier (A) is connected, the output of the further amplifier (A) to the amplifier input of the other of the two operational amplifier (OPV2) is connected such that a at the amplifier input of a the two operational amplifiers (OPV1) present signal (Vopin1) reinforced (A · Vopin1) and the amplifier at the input of the other of the two operational amplifier (OPV2) present signal (Vopin2) additively superimposed (A · Vopin1 Vopin2 +) is.


In Grant v South-West Trains [1998] ECR I-621, the European Court of Justice implied that, as a general matter, discrimination against an employee on the ground of sexual orientation did not violate Article 141 EC. This article argues that Grant rests on shaky foundations, in that it is conceptually inconsistent with the Court's earlier decision in P v S and Cornwall County Council [1996] ECR I-2143. Furthermore, the scope of Grant has since been qualified by decisions of the European Court of Human Rights – decisions which may well have undermined the status of the case more broadly. However these difficulties are ultimately resolved, the Court of Justice's treatment of sexual orientation discrimination exposes flaws in its approach as a self-proclaimed constitutional court.


OBJECTIVE
To identify the HBV genotype-specific tag sequence.

METHODS
The large S region sequences from 930 HBV genomes were aligned to identify the genotype-specific tag sequences. PCR was used to check the genotyping effect of these tags.

RESULTS
Two tag sequences, sequence between 149-169 and sequence between 461-483, were identified in the large S region. Using primers specific to these tag sequences, the genotype of HBV can be specifically identified.

CONCLUSION
These tag sequences can be used for HBV genotyping.


World regional geography textbooks rarely focus on the process of region formation, despite frequent calls to reincorporate a regional approach to teaching global geography. An instructional strategy using problem-based learning in a small honors section of a large world regional geography course is described. Using a hypothetical scenario reorganizing the US State Department's metaregional structure, students conducted group research and presentations on the geopolitical consequences of allocating states to a metaregion. Results indicated that honors students acquired as much content knowledge as those in the regular lecture section and significantly greater awareness about the implications of metaregional membership.


On 23rd November, 1982, a party of 80 members of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy left the Wanderers Club grounds at 07hOO, and were driven in two luxury coaches to the stainless-steel mill of Southern Cross at Middelburg. Southern Cross is a trade name adopted by MS & A (Middelburg Steel and Alloys), who operate two Alloy Divisions (at Middelburg and Krugersdorp) and one Steel Division (at Middelburg). Although the tour groups were too large to permit an in-depth study of the equipment and processes, a valuable impression of the country's stainless-steel industry was gained.


Red coleoptile is an easily observed agronomic trait of wheat and has been extensively studied. However, the molecular mechanism of this trait has not yet been revealed. In this study, the MYB gene TaMYB-D1 was isolated from the wheat cultivar 'Gy115', which possesses red coleoptiles. This gene resided at the short arm of the homoelogous group 7 chromosomes. TaMYB-D1 was the only gene expressed in the coleoptiles of 'Gy115' and was not expressed in 'Opata' and 'CS', which have uncoloured coleoptiles. Phylogenetic analysis placed TaMYB-D1 very close to ZmC1 and other MYB proteins regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis. The encoded protein of TaMYB-D1 had an integrated DNA binding domain of 102 amino acids and a transcription domain with 42 amino acids, similar to the structure of ZmC1. Transient expression analysis in onion epidermal cells showed that TaMYB-D1 was located at the plant nucleus, which suggested its role as a transcription factor. The expression of TaMYB-D1 was accompanied with the expression of TaDFR and anthocyanin biosynthesis in the development of the coleoptile of 'Gy115'. Transient expression analysis showed that only TaMYB-D1 induced a few 'Opata' coleoptile cells to synthesize anthocyanin in light, and the gene also induced a colour change to red in many cells with the help of ZmR. All of these results suggested TaMYB-D1 as the candidate gene for the red coleoptile trait of 'Gy115'.


CHEMODECTOMA is the name proposed by Mulligan 1 for that histologically similar group of tumors occurring in the carotid body, glomus jugulare, and certain other parts of the head and neck. It is now generally agreed that these tumors are not part of the chromaffin or paraganglionic systems, as used to be thought, but that they arise from both the mesoderm of the third branchial artery and the ectoderm of the glossopharyngeal nerve (Boyd). 2 "Chemodectoma" connotes the special function of these cells, which is to respond to chemical changes in the blood, as related both to oxygen and carbon dioxide and to certain drugs. 3 Thus the term chemodectoma is used here in preference to the older terminology, which includes both paraganglioma and nonchromaffin paraganglioma. Chemodectomas are uncommon; not more than 350 cases have been reported, although there are many articles dealing with them. The difficulty of accurate preoperative


This dissertation aims to expand existing cinematic expression by applying musical notation 1 , tonal systems, and the forms and structures of musical composition techniques to digital cinema. My objective is to apply the construction and techniques of music composition to the practice of digital cinema, to push the boundaries of story telling, rhythm and mise-en-scene structure in current cinematic conventions.


In this paper we consider a drying and wetting process in porous medium to create a mathematical model for concrete carbonation. The process is assumed to be characterized by the growth of the air zone and a diffusion of moisture in the air zone. Under the assumption we proposed a one-dimensional free boundary problem describing adsorption phenomena in a porous medium. The free boundary problem it to find a curve representing the air zone and the relative humidity of the air zone. For the problem we also established existence, uniqueness and a large time behavior of solutions. Here, by improving the method for uniform estimates we can show the existence of a periodic solution of the problem. Also, the extension method is applied in the proof. This idea is quite important and new since the value of the humidity on the free boundary is unknown.


: The study found it necessary to discuss Home Economics Promoting Practical Skills for Sustainable development at all levels. Practical skills can really bring excellent and sustainable development to the learners and families at large. The acquisition of values and skills that can be attained by students would be used in their profession and the community at large.


The present invention has the formula At least one of the starting materials compounds, prior to addition of the remaining starting material compounds, are essentially dispersed or dissolved in an aqueous medium is heated to a temperature between 100 ° C. from 50 ° C.. .FIELD 1


The heat extraction performance of the enhanced geothermal system is simulated by using COMSOL software. The effects of six factors, such as the thermal conductivity of heat reservoir, matrix permeability, fracture width, injection temperature, injection flow rate, and the number of wells, on the heat extraction performance of EGS heat reservoir for 40 years are analyzed. The results show that the matrix permeability and injection flow are the main factors affecting the heat production performance of the EGS geothermal reservoir, while the thermal conductivity, fracture width, and injection temperature have little effect on the heat production performance of the EGS geothermal reservoir. Although increasing the number of production wells can improve the uneven distribution of the flow field to improve the system heat performance, taking into account the existing drilling technology and cost, the cost is higher, and the two-well system is still the basic form of absorbing rock heat.


Diphallia occurs once in 5–6 million births, with no two patients presenting with the same anatomical variation. Here we discuss a review of diphallia case reports, as well as present a new surgical classification system based on the soft tissue composition of the two phalluses, the anatomy of the urethra present within the most normal phallus and the bladder configuration.


exceptionalism," it also is not fully clear how this syncretic intellectual contact lost its relevance when Ottoman scholarly culture arguably became more self-sufficient and confident by the end of the 16th century. We know of, for example, Arabic texts rendered into the Turkish language in the following century, so how and when was there a rupture, or was there any? It might be a broad question for this monograph, yet such questions are definitely stimulated by Pfeifer's engaging prose. Featuring new research accompanied by an effective set of maps, charts, an appendix of key figures, and a glossary, Empire of Salons will become an essential point of reference in early modern Ottoman studies. It also is a timely and important study for those interested in premodern Islamic cultural history.


Review Article The university journal is an important carrier of college teaching and scientific research achievements, and the innovative ability of journal editing is fundamental to improve the quality of the University journal. This paper analyzed the significance to develop the innovative ability of university journal editing from the increasing of innovation awareness, improving of business skills, using of new editing techniques, and put forward to develop connotation and optimization the ways of editing innovative ability.


Bio-assay responses resembling those elicited by "long-acting thyroid stimulator" (LATS) of Graves' disease have been obtained in the thyroxine-suppressed mouse with alpha MSH, human MSH, arginine and lysine vasopressins, and serotonin. Responses like those from TSH were given by beta MSH and ACTH administered in saline, but became like that of LATS when the materials were injected in normal human serum. The synthetic and natural oxytocins were inactive. The kinin, bradykinin, also was inert, but its decapeptide derivative, kalhdin, produced an LATS-type of response. Anterior pituitary hormones contaminated with TSH gave a typical TSH-type response both in saline and in human serum; those not containing TSH gave no assay response.


The established methods in the residue analysis of endosulfan require an extensive sample clean-up prior to quantification by relatively complex equipment. A radioimmunoassay(RIA) provides a simple procedure with theoretically higher sensitivity and specificity necessitating only a minimum of sample clean-up. Endosulfan-specific antibodies were developed in rabbits by using a bovine serum albumin(BSA) conjugate wherein the alcohol form of endosulfan was multiply bound to the protein via succinylation. Produced antibodies showed the high titers to endosulfan-BSA(1 : 32,000). An RIA method was developed in water and carp by using endosulfan as a tracer. The lowest detection amount of endosulfan was 1 ng in the liver, kidneys, gut and water samples, and 3 ng in the whole body sample of carp without any clean-up, corresponding to 0.1 ppb of endosulfan.


The increase in women's employment and lack of change in the gender division of domestic labour has led to recent interest in domestic outsourcing and to some states in the European Union developing policies to encourage this practice. This article compares the outsourcing of domestic cleaning in two countries with very different policy approaches to the issue, namely France and Britain. France has some of the most developed policies to encourage the outsourcing of domestic chores in the European Union, whereas the British state does not intervene in this area at all. It is discovered that, on average, marginally more French households outsource their domestic cleaning than British households, and that the main way in which French policy is influencing French household's decision-making in this regard is through the financial incentives it offers. It is found that other objectives of French policy, such as encouraging the modernisation of the supply of domestic services, are being fulfilled in Britain by commercial agencies and private enterprise.


Mercury is a highly volatile chemical element. It is characterized by high geochemical mobility in various natural processes. It belongs to the class I highly toxic chemical elements. Its toxicity depends on the type of chemical compounds and the concentration. Mineralization of plant samples was carried out using a microwave system Minotaur-2, and the concentration of mercury was determined on an MGA-915 atomic absorption spectrometer. The mercury concentration is above the maximum allowable level in all studied plant samples. The coefficient of biological absorption of mercury for Artemisia tenuisecta Nevski ranged from 0.008 to 0.100. The relationship between mercury content in soils and plants was studied and correlation coefficients were calculated. Plants of the genus Artemisia have the highest resistance to the toxic effects of mercury.


Globalization is a process that encompasses the accelerated and simultaneous circulation of ideas, goods, and human beings (Appadurai, 1996). In an Amazonian context, this chapter aims at analyzing the impacts of particular land status ownership on the resilience and flexibility of traditional communities facing globalization (Kramer et al, 2009). The Amazon has been part of the global market since the 16th century: from the drogas do Sertao, through the rubber boom, to Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa) and acai (Euterpe oleracea), the global demand for Amazonian products has played a crucial role in the phases of human population of this rich basin (Bunker, 1985). Mark Harris (2006), following Moran and Parker, characterizes the "cabocla" populations by their ecological adaptations as well as their economic versatility. During the 1990s and 2000s, a great number of "traditional" and/or indigenous communities were granted land rights in Brazil. Innovative legal statuses were created, either for the sake of environmental protection or as a function of the peculiar special social status of some social groups, mainly indigenous people and remnants of escaped slave communities (i.e. remnant quilombola communities). At the core of these rights is the recognition of a "special relationship" between these traditional communities and their territories. Due to the acknowledgement of this particular link, almost 30% of the Legal Amazon is officially under the responsibility of traditional communities.1 However, traditional communities are now facing contradictory pressures induced by Brazilian public policies and globalization. On the one hand, they were granted land under


A priority for the nursing profession is to produce a workforce reflecting the increasing diversity of the US population. The Future of Nursing report from the Institute of Medicine recommends that nurses achieve higher levels of education, especially the doctoral degree, to respond to the increasingly complex demands of the healthcare system. Specifically, it recommended doubling the number of nurses with a doctoral degree by 2020. The Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree positions advanced practice nurses (clinical nurse specialists, nurse anesthetists, nurse midwives, nurse practitioners) to meet complex population healthcare demands. However, the DNP candidate pool is not reflective of US diversity, which in turn affects DNP nurses' contributions to reducing health disparities. Minorities are projected to comprise 57% of the US population in 2060, but the American Association of Colleges of Nursing report, 2018–2019 Enrollment and Graduations in Baccalaureate and Graduate Programs in Nursing, states that nurses from minority backgrounds most recently represented only 34.6% of all DNP students in the United States. To grow and diversify the nursing doctoral pool, nursing education pipeline programs target minority candidates. The literature on programs to recruit and retain underrepresented nursing students primarily focuses on undergraduate pipeline interventions. A few programs will be described.


The present paper is an attempt to reveal the typical difficulties to which are confronted translators of every sacred text. So, the authors of this research paper try to precise the meaning-form relations which arise from a corpus of the eighteen final surahs of the holy Quran. For this purpose, two translations of the holy book (those of Jacques Berque and Hamidullah), the most attested and credible, have been chosen and studied in this research to determine the tendencies which deform the source text while translating and which leads to different outputs. By this way, the present work will show the impact of the moderation to find out the right way between the fidelity to the form and the loyalty to the meaning.


This paper examines relationships amongst length, weight and growth parameters of teleost fishes found in shallow north-eastern New Zealand waters. Length–weight equations are presented for 51 species. Fish growth was described using the von Bertalanffy growth parameters L∞ (asymptotic length) and K (growth constant), which were available for 19 species. Literature-derived values for adult body length showed a strong positive correlation with L∞ (r2 = 0.89), which, after conversion to weight, was strongly negatively correlated with K (r 2 = 0.80). Regression equations describing these relationships can be used to predict L∞ and K for fish species lacking such growth data.


and methanol from the same plant material and reduced by vacuum distillation using a rotary evaporator. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was determined qualitatively and quantitatively in 20 bacterial strains, 3 yeast strains and 4 strains of filamentous fungi. In qualitative tests, antimicrobial activity was found in 6 bacterial strains (all of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli ), 1 strain of yeast fungi and 4 of mycelial fungi. Using the broth microdilution technique, Escherichia coli CUSI showed MIC values of 2000 and 3000 μg / mL for L. leucocephala and L. esculenta respectively and for Staphylococcus aureus CUSI, MIC = 4000 and 2000 μg / mL for methanolic extracts of L. leucocephala and L. esculenta respectively. The MBC values for the kinetics of death (6000 μg / mL for L. leucocephala and 4000 μg / mL for L. esculenta ) had a significant effect in the first 10 hours of treatment. Meanwhile, Candida glabrata was susceptible to methanolic extracts with MFC values of 4000 μg / mL ( L. leucocephala ) and 6000 μg / mL ( L. esculenta ). In radial growth inhibition technique, it was reported that the lowest values of CF 50 correspond to the acetonic extracts of seeds ( L. lecucocephala = 2.28 mg / mL and L. esculenta = 2.72 mg / mL) having a significant effect against strains Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Aspergillus niger , respectively. In qualitative tests for the determination of secondary metabolites, the presence of alkaloids, triterpenes, monoterpenes, steroids, saponins and phenolic compounds were found, which report antimicrobial potential. The methanolic and acetonic extracts from the seeds of both guajes showed significant biological activity on different strains of bacteria and fungi, thus validating the medicinal use of this resource by the Tlayacapan community.


Mango is a valuable income crop that significantly contributes to the food security. However, there was a severe shortage of information on the growth, production and developmental behaviour of different rootstock of mango in different growing media combinations. Accordingly, a study was conducted in 2019–20 at the Mango Research Institute in Multan, Pakistan, used a net house to test the efficacy of several pot media for nursery with different compositions on the seedling growth and development of plants. Mango seeds were planted in potting soil, top soil, sawdust, Farmyard manure, and FYM/sawdust (PM5) (PM4). Three independent trials were conducted using a randomised complete block design. Parameters of germination and development were measured and studied mathematically. The results showed that all of the germination and growth characteristics, except for shoot number, had a substantial influence on the outcome of the experiment. However, germination rate, stem diameter, shoot number, root number, and days to germination were not impacted by the potting medium. Except forstem diameter, shoot number, and internode length, the interaction effect of growth medium had a substantial impact on all other metrics. Mango producers would benefit from using most recommended pot media with the combination of farmyard manure: soil: sand with the ratio of 3:2:1 to increase production.


The invention discloses a numerical value transferring method, terminals, a server and a system, and belongs to the technical field of computers. The numerical value transferring method comprises the following steps: if the situation that a first preset operation is conducted to the first terminal is detected, the geographic position of the first terminal is sent to the server; an identification of the second terminal is sent by the server and received, wherein the geographic position of the second terminal is located within the preset range around the geographic position of the first terminal; a numerical value transferring request is sent to the server according to the identification of the second terminal. According to the numerical value transferring method, the terminals, the server and the system, the identification of the second terminal located within the preset range around the first terminal is acquired from the server, the numerical value transferring request is sent to the server according to the identification of the second terminal, therefore, the problems that in a background technology, accounts of the rest of users need acquiring in advance and inputting manually, as a result, usage scenarios are limited, the operation process is tedious, much time is consumed, and efficiency is low are solved, and the purposes of expanding application scenarios, simplifying operation steps, saving time and improving numerical value transferring efficiency are achieved.


Experiments were conducted to investigate the process of aluminum and lithium extraction from high-alumina coal fly ash (HCFA) generated from coal-fired power plants located in northern China. The presence of mullite and other aluminosilicates lead to low reactivity of coal fly ash. An activation pretreatment that destroys an inert composition of coal is necessary. The activation roasting of coal fly ash using sodium chloride and a subsequent leaching process were performed in this research. The results showed that almost no aluminum and lithium were dissolved under direct water leaching, while about 7% and 10% of those were leached into the acid solution respectively. Adding NaCl enhanced the atmospheric pressure leaching of aluminum and lithium with a leaching rate around 50%. Phase analysis and equilibrium calculations results showed that the roasting reaction between the HCFA and NaCl occurred, which led to generation of main new phase NaAlSi3O8. The pressure extraction efficiencies of aluminum and lithium were increased to about 93% and 98%, respectively. The implications of the findings provide an alternative process for recovering aluminum and lithium from readily available high-alumina coal fly ash.


CASE
Two young adult (aged 25 and 21 years) patients presented with sarcomas of the proximal ulna. To achieve an oncological margin, the proximal ulna required resection. Owing to the complex biomechanics of the elbow joint, reconstructive options are limited and have a high complication rate. The elbow was reconstructed with a transposition of the radial neck to the trochlea of the humerus in both patients. At over 2 years of follow-up, both patients have a stable and functional elbow.

CONCLUSIONS
Transposition of the radial neck to the trochlea of the humerus provides a biological reconstruction in this complex problem.


In this paper we present a general model of organizational problem-solving in which we explore the relationship between problem complexity, decentralization of tasks and reward schemes. When facing complex problems which require the coordination of large numbers of interdependent elements, organization face a decomposition problem which has both a cognitive dimension and a reward and incentive dimension. The former relates to the decomposition and allocation of the process of generation of new solutions: since the search space is too vast to be searched extensively, organizations employ heuristics for reducing it. The decomposition heuristic takes the form of division of cognitive labor and determines which solutions are generated and become candidates for selection. The reward and incentive dimension defines the selection environment which chooses over alternative solutions. The model we present studies the interrelationships between these two dimensions, in particular we compare the problem solving performance of organizations characterized by various decompositions (of coarser of finer grain) and various reward schemes (at the level of the entire organization, team and individual). Moreover we extend our model in a still tentative fashion - in order to account for such power and authority relationships (giving some parts of the organization the power to stop changes in other parts), and to discuss the co-evolution of problem representations and incentive mechanisms.


A data-driven path replanning algorithm based on Pythagorean-hodograph (PH) curve is proposed for unpowered gliding vehicles considering the terminal velocity constraint in uncertain windy environments. Based on the characteristics of the PH curve, the terminal velocity constraint is satisfied by adjusting path parameters including the arc length in path replanning. For the path replanning, a tailored PH curve regeneration algorithm is proposed to resolve the inconsistent path replanning issue of the existing PH curve generation method. An artificial-neural-network-based path replanner is trained to provide the path parameters corresponding to the terminal velocity constraint. Unlike most model-based methods, the proposed method can deal with the external disturbance by replanning the flight path. Compared with other data-driven studies, the proposed method does not require a computationally expensive trajectory optimization process to collect training data. Performance evaluation and comprehensive comparison are performed via numerical simulation considering various types of modeled and unmodeled wind uncertainties using several network configurations.


The "multi-step" braiding process is introduced as an extension to the four-step braiding process. This process greatly enlarges the possibilities of braid micro-structures. An assumed yam packing arrangement within the braided preform and geometric considerations were used to relate yam orientation to non-dimensional pitch length. Further, study of the fundamental principles of track and column braiding yielded a relationship between track/column shifting sequence and yam orientation, pitch length, and yarn diameter. Coupled via. computer software, these relationships provide a link between design parameters such as preform size, yarn diameter, and microstructure to operating parameters such as pitch length and shifting sequence. Additionally, the volume of yam in a given pitch length divided by that pitch length has been predicted. This supplies a simple method of calculating fiber volume fraction. Experimentally measured yam volume fraction and yarn orientation have shown close agreement with theoretical predictions.


A 51-year-old patient presented with massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopy revealed a submucosal gastric lipoma with secondary bleeding ulcers. The lesion was located on the anterior w...


Honeycomb panels are widely used in aviation industry because of the properties of lightweight and high bending stiffness. However, the sound transmission loss of the panel is often low since the c ...


Acknowledgements List of Maps List of Abbreviations Map 1. Italy in 1797 Map 2. The Caribbean in 1789 Introduction Pierre Serna PART I: CALLING FOR 'REPUBLICAN' WAR 1. The American Origins of the French Revolutionary War Antonino De Francesco 2. In Search of a Glorious Peace? Republican Diplomats at War, 1792 - 1799 Virginie Martin 3. Can a Powerful Republic Be Peaceful? The Debate of Year IV on the Place of France in the European Order Marc Belissa 4. Theobald Wolfe Tone's Mission to France 1796 - 1798 Sylvie Kleinman PART II: CITIZENSHIP AND ' REPUBLICAN' WAR 5. A 'Black Declaration of Independence'? War, Republic, and Race in the United States of America, 1775 - 1787 Marie-Jeanne Rossignol 6. The Army of the Republic: New warfare and a new army Annie Crepin 7. A Patriotic School: The Recruitment of the Italian Legion in France, 1799 - 1800' Katia Visconti 8. From Individual to Collective Emancipation: War and the Republic in the Caribbean during the French Revolution Frederic Regent PART III: REJECTING 'REPUBLICAN' WAR 9. Fratricide: Tragic Brothers, Masculine Violence and the Republic on the French Stage, 1799 Judith A. Miller 10. War and Citizenship: Central Italy, 1798 -1799 Bernard Gainot 11. The Strength of Weapons, the Strength of Opinions: Counter-Revolution in the Papal States, 1790 - 1799 Mario Tosti 12. International War, National War, Civil War: Spain and Counterrevolution, 1793 -1840 Pedro Rujula Bibliography


The adaptive integral method (AIM) in conjunction with the asymptotic waveform evaluation (AWE) technique is utilized to deal with broadband electromagnetic problems of surface-wire junction geometries in this paper. The method of moments (MoM) is applied to the surface-wire integral equation (SWIE). And currents on conductor and wire surfaces are expanded by Padé approximant with respect to frequency to achieve fast frequency sweeping. The AIM is employed to reduce computation time and storage of higher-order derivatives of impedance matrices in the AWE. Numerical results show good efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.


The relationship between the tourism economy and the ecological environment is under pressure, and balancing this relationship is crucial for promoting regional sustainability. In this study, the Yangtze River basin, the first largest river in Asia and third largest in the world, was selected as the focus area. The spatial and temporal characteristics of tourism economic development and ecological environmental pressure from 2000 to 2019 were analyzed using the tourism economic development index, ecological environmental pressure index and dynamic change index, and the decoupling process of tourism and the economic system was studied dynamically using the decoupling analysis model. The results show that (1) spatially, the tourism economy in the Yangtze River basin exhibits a pattern of high development in the east and low development in the west, and high in the south and low in the north. Ecological environmental pressures varied greatly, with less pressure in the upstream provinces and more pressure in the middle and downstream provinces. (2) Temporally, the tourism economies of Qinghai and Tibet started with a lower but faster growth rate, while Hunan and Hubei have a higher starting point but limited change. The ecological environmental pressure changes do not show a clear spatial distribution pattern. (3) The decoupling relationship between tourism economy and ecological environment in the Yangtze River basin is moving toward a harmonious development. Achieving a harmonious balance between the two systems is crucial for maintaining ecological balance and regional sustainability.


Vinyl azides have been extensively studied in organic synthesis since 1910. As a series of important intermediates, vinyl azides have a wide range of applications in recent years, especially in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds catalyzed by transition-metals. The progress of the construction of aza-heterocyclic compounds in the field of organic synthesis is re-viewed.


A Adjust the installation height of the circuit board, to provide a light-emitting diode lamp tube circuit board position for accommodating the LED at different heights in the tube can multistage adjustment. A multi-stage adjustable light emitting diode lamp tube includes a tubular body 10, respectively support portions 11 on the two opposite side inner wall surface provided, the supporting portion 11 extends along the longitudinal direction of the tubular body 10 it includes a localization convex bodies 111, 112, 113 that are three parallel arranged, a gap between the localization convex bodies adjacent two mutually houses the circuit board 20 to the tube 10, the circuit laying a plurality of LED lamps 30 to therewith electrically connected to one side of the plate 20, respectively made to cover the circuit board 20 and the sleeve electrically connected to the second end of the tubular body 10, of which two sides of the circuit board 20 There is locked in any one of the localization convex body on the two support portions 11, respectively, thereby multistage adjust the height and angle installation of the circuit board 20. .FIELD 5


SUMMARY Marketers are under increasing scrutiny from their management to demonstrate accountability for the resources they receive. Three models are presented to help marketers execute their customer communication activities more effectively. Benefits of using the "Identification of Strategic Communication Elements," "Business Communication" and "Communications Management Process" models include (1) more effective upfront strategic and tactical planning, (2) ensuring key communication principles are addressed, (3) easier communication program communication, (4) provides a framework for program evaluation and market research and (5) increases the creative thinking marketers need when addressing the major marketing challenges. The ultimate benefit is the greater likelihood of more positive marketing results.


Vitamins set an unprecedented example of the essential environment-gene interactions that are necessary to sustain life. Seventeen Nobel prizes were awarded in the last century for discoveries related to vitamins' structures, physiology, and functions [1]. These discoveries help to abolish diseases related to vitamin deficiencies in the developed world and offer solutions to eradicate these disorders worldwide [2]. For example, embryonic malformations, night blindness, and immune deficiency in children were effectively treated by vitamin A supplementation [2,3]. In spite of encouraging results in vitamin-deficient subjects, wide applications of vitamin supplements in the nutrient-sufficient populations have been partially discouraging. Many clinical and supplementation trials reported increased mortality in subjects on long-term lipophilic vitamin A and E supplementations [4,5]. Especially striking deleterious effects were reported for lipophilic vitamin A and provitamin A (β-carotene) [4,6]. The answer to safe application of lipophilic vitamins for the treatment and prevention of diseases may lie in the better understanding of their interaction with genes. There are two principal levels of lipophilic vitamin interactions with genes:
1) genes control metabolism of dietary vitamin into derivatives with hormone-like properties, and
2) vitamin-derived metabolites regulate specific gene programs through signaling and transcription pathways (Figure1).


An available method of converting standard drawings into reusable bridge design case is developed.With this method,data object of design knowledge,which integrates both geometric descriptions and non-geometric description,is established with object-oriented technology.At the same time,bridge data are divided into several levels for better comprehensibility and lower programming complication.Design case is stored into database with SQL server 2005.Similarity definition of bridge case is carried out by analyzing bridge design knowledge in order to get relative similar design cases.Case intelligent adaptation technology is created by neural network for new bridge design,and so a bridge model,driven with knowledge and parameters,is achieved.


Process for chemi obtaining a functional colloid, which undergo reactive comminuted mechanically particles in a dispersing agent in the presence of a modifying agent, the modifying agent being connected at least partially to the colloidal particles comminuted by chemical bonding with the proviso that the particles are not of indium tin oxide.


This paper analyzes the characteristics and factors affecting mode choice in a small scale urban-rural integrated city (Moon-Kyung city). The paper analyzes the differences in travel patterns between urban and rural areas in the urban-rural integrated city. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, it is found that auto dependence in the rural area is as high as that in the metropolitan area. However, auto dependence in rural-rural and urban-rural trips is higher than that in inter-urban trips. Secondly, it is found that sex, auto ownership, land use of trip destination are important factors affecting mode choice in the city. Finally, results of analysis about the number of stops and tours between urban and rural areas show that urban areas have relatively regular travel patterns, and rural areas have relatively many multi -destination trips.


This paper aims to introduce the method fordetection and classification of an abnormality of the brain region into infarct, haemorrhage. Initially, the image is pre-processed to remove film artifact, noiseusing morphological operations. And the brain image is cropped to eliminate the extra parts.Before the abnormality region (infarct, haemorrhage) is segmented, the image is pre-segmented. In this stage, the image is subdivided into four quadrantsusing split and merge techniqueto find the region that has the possibility for inclusion of abnormal areas. Thus, the unnecessary regions are no need to search and segment. This paper proposes pre-processing and pre-segmentation steps for the detection of abnormal region in the brain image. Then, abnormalities can be segmented by grouping homogeneous regions according to the predefined criteria. The accuracy of the segmentation results can be assessed by the specialist.


Through the analysis of transmission function for link mechanism with characteristics,it suggests that taking a Fourier series as an interpolation function and taking equal spaced points as interpolation nodes,in order to obtain the transmission function with approximation expansion.The examples analysis shows that this method is convenient and accurate.Applying this method applied to link mechanism motion analysis is useful to a more in-depth study about the movement and dynamics.


It is known that proper exploitation of wheel tires of tractors is difficult and it depends on many influencing factors. Tire inflation pressure has a significant importance on their stress and strain distribution. Tire strain influences the size of the contact surface with the rolling track. Low pressure generates an exaggerated flexing of the tire carcass, increasing the rolling resistance of the wheel. Too large pressure causes the decrease of tire adhesion, irregular and faster wear, especially for the driving wheels. For various soil conditions depending on the tire pressure, different soil stress distributions can be obtained. The paper presents an analysis a model of a 65 HP tractor driving wheel tire, by means of the Finite Element Method. A model of the tire is developed, for which the parameters characterising the elastic behaviour of tire rubber were defined. The study was developed for various tire air pressures (0.5, 0.8, 1.1, 1.4, 1.7, and 2 bars). The results and conclusions obtained from the study are useful in the identification of optimal operating parameters for the tires of the driving wheels of agricultural tractors, and this FEM model can be adapted and used for other tractors and agricultural machinery.


Background: This study was undertaken to develop a simple tool for assessing risk of undernutrition for use by the primary health care team.

Methods: We devised a list of 25 questions that might be predictive of nutritional risk. Community nurses administered the questions, which required only yes/no answers, to 507 patients in their care. Within 4 days a dietitian carried out a full nutritional assessment. Discriminant analysis was used to determine which questions were predictive of nutritional risk as assessed by a dietitian. Multiple regression analysis was used to derive a simple equation to assign weightings to those questions.

Results: Five hundred and seven patients completed the study. Nine questions were found to be associated with nutritional risk as assessed by a dietitian. The final tool, which has three categories of scores: 0–6=not at risk; 7–16=possible/probable risk; 517=malnourished, has a positive predictive value of 94.6% and a negative predictive value of 81.1%.

Conclusion: This simple tool can be used to assess risk of undernutrition in patients in primary care, to increase awareness of the importance of nutrition in patients in the community and to ensure that patients are given appropriate dietary advice and/or referred to a dietitian.


According to Buddhist tradition, the concept of real beauty in life is not the subject of a proportional manner harmony and balance, it's about the moral. The emptiness in Buddhism is the Doctrine of the concept of such beauty. According to emptiness, Buddhism is not viewed beauty as something absolute or an eternally existing properties. . But beauty can be perceived as a part of the phenomenon in the world, with each other and their lives are always changing. It said that emptiness of Buddhism has proposed a theory of beauty is universal.


Abstract : This paper provides a brief discussion of aptitude testing in the Department of Defense and the rationale for Defense sponsorship of the Profile of American Youth Study. Also described as the historical development of the current version of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB), as well as its enlistment eligibility composite, the Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT). The aptitude profile study involved administration of the 1980 version of ASVAB to a national probability sample of approximately 12,000 young men and women ages 16 and 23. The young people sampled were participants in the National Longitudinal Survey (NLS) of Youth Labor Force Behavior sponsored by the Department of Labor. The methodology, sampling procedures, test administration, and data quality controls used in the execution of the Profile of American Youth Study are described. (Author)


Ionic fluoride and HPO 2- 4 concentrations were determined in partially-decalcified enamels before and after exposure to NaF or MFP toothpastes, to determine whether fluoride uptake could be attributed to reactions with HPO2- 4. Acid phosphate concentrations did not alter upon exposure to fluoride, even though large uptake of fluoride did occur. Infra-red spectroscopy showed HPO2- 4 in artificially decalcified enamel to be adsorbed rather than present as a discrete secondary orthophosphate.


This paper studies the conditions and problems of the legal protection of water resource security in China, and puts forth a number of measures to strengthen the legal protection of water resource security in China.


Background: Sedentary behavior is a major risk factor for chronic
 illnesses, and college students, despite their young age, are a risk group, due to long sitting
 hours in lectures. The objectives of the study were to examine an implementation intentions
 (II) intervention focused on mild sedentary-opposing behavior during and between classes on
 regular academic days. Hypotheses were that the experimental II group will exhibit more
 sedentary-opposing activities than the control group. Methods: 80 participants were randomly
 assigned to experimental and control conditions. Both groups were exposed to information on
 sedentary behavior and the experimental group was induced to form plans for sedentary-opposing
 behaviors in and between classes. Both groups received daily text reminders during their school
 days, with each person in the experimental group receiving his/her preferred plan for
 sedentary-opposing activity. Two weeks following the initial intervention, participants will
 again report on their sitting activity during the past week. Plan of analysis: One-way ANOVA
 examining the II intervention. Discussion: The results could be relevant to college
 administrators and students alike.


STANDARDS FOR PRESCHOOL CHILDREN'S LEARNING A N D DEVELOPMENT Who Has Standards, How Were They Developed, and How Are They Used? SERVE'S Expanded Learning Opportunities National Leadership Area Research Report {and) Executive Summary. Catherine Scott-Little, Sharon Lynn Kagan, 6 Victoria Stebbiris Frelow. 147 pp. 2003. (Available from: SERVE Main Office, P.O. Box 5367, Greensboro, NC 27435.) This executive summary and research report present the findings of a national survey that examined how states have defined expectations for children's learning, what content has been included, and how standards are being used. Findings are organized into four categories: 1) review of states with child-based outcome (CBO) standards and description of standard content, including linkage with K-12 standards; 2) the standards development process;3) thestatusof standards activities in states without published standards; and 4) implementation of CBO standards, including how the standards are meant to be used and program accountability for using the standards. Several recommendations are offered.


In this study we observed the influence of the premenstrual syndrome (PMS) on the partner relationship for both partners in a daily online survey through one complete menstrual cycle. We found clear evidence for relationship difficulties (manifested in a decrease in satisfaction and shared good experiences and an increase in dispute) during the last week of the cycle in the PMS group for women. In addition, there was a significant difference between the groups (with/without PMS symptomatic) throughout the complete cycle with less satisfaction and less shared good experiences in the PMS group for men. Thus, we can conclude that PMS affects the relationship and this effect influences both partners in different patterns. The results of this study could add new aspects to marital and family therapy. Consequently, attention should be paid to the influence of PMS on partner relationships. *Correspondence to: Youssef Shiban, PFH – Private University of Applied Sciences, Department of Clinical Psychology, Weender Landstraße 3-7, 37073 Göttingen, Germany. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, Phone: +4955154700445


This succinct, practical guide with readings introduces ESL students to academic writing through a sequenced set of assignments that move from personal, expressive writing to informative and persuasive writing.


The media has a fundamental role in intellectual reproduction in society and helps to shape, pass on, and facilitate ideas and views among people in a trans-cultural and sometimes trans-political way. Despite claims to objectivity, most mainstream media groups are politically aligned, either to political parties, governments or to some broad ideological position, around which they fashion their journalistic approach.


Demonstrating the Arabic Language through the diversity of its scales and their different semantic. The main purpose of writing this paper is to demonstrate what Arabic Language contains in terms of semantic changes to structural changes of words scales in order for us to discover Arabic Language specification, such that differentiate it with others through our cognizance with those scales that imbue verbal structural building, which is being refer to as Arabic Language as "increase in structural building that benefits the increase in meaning", such that makes Arabic Language the only one that enjoys this phenomenon, all this, is to highlight the advantages of conventional difference that make the Arabic Language leading to all other languages of the world.


The primary cutaneous diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, leg type (PCDLBCL‐LT) has a poor prognosis. R‐CHOP with or without radiotherapy is the available recommendations for first‐line treatment. Relapses/refractory cases are frequent with no standardized therapeutic guidelines. Lenalidomide seems to be an excellent therapeutic option as a second‐line treatment of relapsed PCDLBCL‐LT.


The purpose of this paper is to discover how Cellular Automata (CA) can be applied to traffic flow simulations. First, we introduce the three types of traffic model: microscopic traffic model, macroscopic traffic model and mesoscopic traffic model. Second, to evaluate dynamic traffic flow, we developed a traffic flow simulator that uses cellular automata model. We extend the existing CA models to describe the influence of a car accident in single-lane and double-lane traffic flow model. We also add the lane changing rules to simulate the reality traffic condition. By simulation, we analyze all possible situations. The simulation was implemented in Matlab programming language. 1. Main Features of Traffic Stream Traffic phenomena are an important question in modern society. Investigating on regular pattern of traffic flow has significant meaning. Analysis and simulation of traffic flow can be wildly applied in Transportation Planning, Traffic Control and Traffic Engineering. In the early 90S, New York City government decided to construct the tunnel to New Jersey. After analyzed and modeled the traffic flow, they adjusted traffic management strategy which increased the capacity of current existing facilities. So the tunnel construction was avoided. Traffic stream is complex and nonlinear and defined as multi-dimensional traffic lanes with flow of vehicles over time. Traffic phenomena are complex and nonlinear. Vehicles followed each other on each lane and they can choose different lane when the former position is empty. There are three main characteristics to visualize a traffic stream: speed, density, and flow. 1.1. Speed, Density and Flow Speed (V) is defined as travel distance per unit time in traffic flow. The precise speed of each car is difficult to measure. In practice, we calculate the average speed of the sample vehicles. In a time space diagram, time is measured along the horizontal axis and distance is measured along the vertical axis. The velocity of the traffic stream equals to the slope of the traffic trajectory (v=dx/dt).The figure below shows the nonlinear traffic stream. The common method speed is to calculate the time mean speed. Time mean speed is measured by the average speed of a traffic stream passing a fixed point along a roadway over a fixed period of time. Time mean speed can be sampled by loop detectors and other fixed-location speed detection equipment. The time-mean speed can be calculated as:


During the second half of the 1970s, the Ford administration had to change its nonproliferation policy due to the Oil Shock of 1973, the Indian nuclear test of May 1974 and the pressure from the Congress and the US civil society. The Pakistani nuclear program was one of the hard-cases in that period and the suspicion that Islamabad wanted to develop nuclear weapons was well-founded since India (Pakistan's rival) had nuclear weapons. Tracing back the origins of the Pakistani nuclear program this article explores the US non-proliferation policy during the Ford administration. The US policy went from acquiescence to criticism of the Pakistani nuclear program throughout the Ford administration and set the pattern for the next administration.


Environmental pollution caused by the development of industries, technology and informal settlements does, however, threaten many freshwater and estuarine ecosystems. Not only does environmental pollution cause a decrease in water quality, but subsequently affects all living organisms in that system. It is therefore, necessary to not only identify and manage these pollution sources, but ,, also to monitor their effects on the health of aquatic ecosystems (Brush� and Gonzalez, 1996). Hydrogen sulphide pollution in estuarine ecosystems due to coconut husk retting is a major environmental concern. It is therefore necessary to investigate not only the possible organism and population response to hydrogen sulphide pollution, but also the underlying causes of the specific responses, such as biochemical, hematological and histological alterations or damage caused by the specific exposure.


A methoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG) modified insulin compound is prepared from INS protein (insulin) and methoxy polyethylene glycol derivative through modifying reaction to obtain the solution of coarse product, ion exchange chromatography, collecting, centrifugal ultrafiltering, concentrating, and freeze drying to obtain high-purity product.


The distinction made between the ākhyāyikā and the kathā by the writers on Sanskrit Poetics is well known. We propose in this paper to consider how far the prescriptions of the rhetoricians apply to the few existing specimens of the ākhyāyikā and the kathā by Subandhu and Bāṇa-bhaṭṭa, and what light, if any, they throw on the development of these species of prose composition in Classical Sanskrit.


It is argued that in analyzing elastic gamma ray scattering cross sections, structure in the low energy tail of the giant dipole resonance has to be carefully accounted for. An application is made to recent measurements of elastic scattering from /sup 209/Bi.


Background: The school nurse has an important role in working with sex education for students in particular to prevent sexually transmitted infections. The health care and the dialouge abouth health is one part of working with sex education.Purpose: To describe how school nurses perceive their role in working with sexeducation.Method: A qualitative descriptive study in order to describe the school nurses' experiences. The qualitative content analysis is used to understand experiences in interviews. The authors have interviewed six nurses in one muncipality. After the interviews were completed the material was transcribed and analysed as manifest content analysis.Results: Five categories reveals from the interviews: conversation, information, availability, knowledge and cooperation. The school nurses perceive their role as working with sex education at the individual level through the dialouge abouth health. In the conversation with the student they provide information about the youth clinic on the Internet and where youth counseling is available in the muncipality. The school nurses also perceive that the meeting at the health dialouge creates a relation that opens up for conversations in sex education later on. The students often returns in the schools´open clinic where they can come unnannounced. The school nurses in the municipality have a lot of experience working with questions about sexeducation with the students.Conclusion: The results of the study can be used to develop the work in sex education among the school nurses in particular by increasing the cooperation with principals and teachers. An increased cooperation with the individual work they already conducts may increase the sexual health among students.Keywords: Qualitative study, sex education, nursing, school nurse, role, experiences.


The invention belongs to the field of touch screen terminals, and provides a gesture operation method and device for an address bar and a touch screen terminal. The method includes the steps that an operation gesture acting on the current interface is detected, and the current interface is a UI interface with the address bar; when the operation gesture is detected out, whether the operation gesture is matched with a preset operation gesture of the address bar or not is judged; if the operation gesture is matched with the preset operation gesture of the address bar, a frame is generated on the current interface, operation options of the address bar are displayed on the frame, and the address bar operation related to the operation option, selected by a user, of the address bar and is executed. The address bar can be operated fast and conveniently.


A photovoltaic device (20) (e.g., solar cell) includes: a front substrate (21) (e.g., glass substrate); a semiconductor absorber film (28); a back contact including a first conductive layer (24) of or including an alloy of molybdenum (Mo) and copper (Cu) and optionally a second conductive layer (32) of or including either molybdenum (Mo) or Cu; and a rear substrate (22) (e.g., glass substrate). The first conductive layer (24) of or including molybdenum and copper is located between at least the rear substrate (22) and a semiconductor absorber film (28) that is located between at least the back contact and the front substrate.


Prostate cancer has not only oncological and sexual effects, but psychological effects as well. The objective of this study was to evaluate the postoperative psychological state of patients after radical prostatectomy and to investigate the potential correlation with erectile function and prostate cancer aggressiveness.

 We studied patients who visited the Sexual Rehabilitation after Radical Prostatectomy Clinic in the last 18 months. In our Clinic, we apply the biopsychosocial model in the evaluation of sexual dysfunctions. Because of this approach, patients were asked to fill in the Hospital Anxiety and Depressions Scale (HADS) questionary. HADS is an instrument used to evaluate anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (HADS-D) separately. Scores above 8 raise suspicion for underlying mental conditions. International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) was utilized to evaluate the erectile function. IIEF-5 was completed one day before surgery, while, both IIEF-5 and HADS were completed two months postoperatively. Postoperative Gleason score (GS)>8 and pT3 according to pTNM staging were used as indicators of aggressive disease.

 In a total of 70 patients, the mean age was 65.7 years and the mean PSA of 9.4 ng/dl. Of those, 62.8% had pT3 staging and 28.5% had a GS of 8-10. Mean HADS-A & HADS-D scores were 7.4 and 5.8 respectively. Mean IIEF-5 score was 20.2 preoperatively and 6.5 postoperatively. The frequency of patients scoring above 8 for HADS-A and HADS-D was 40.2% and 28.5% respectively. A correlation between postoperative HADS-D and preoperative IEEF-5 was found. More specifically, higher preoperative IIEF-5 scores were associated with lower HADS-D scores (p=0.016). No correlation was found between both questionnaires and pT3 or GS of 8-10.

 Patients with good preoperative erectile function have fewer depressive symptoms after radical prostatectomy. Mental state and erectile function are not correlated with prostate cancer agressiveness.

 There is no conflict of interest for any of the authors.


Background: The high mortality incidence of acute aluminum phosphide poisoning (ALP) poses serious problems for healthcare workers, especially in developing countries. There is no precise antidote, and the treatment is mainly supportive. As a result, novel therapeutic approaches must be evaluated to reduce the morbidity and mortality. Aim of the Study: Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of gastric lavage with paraffin oil versus coconut oil as adjuvants to sodium bicarbonate 8.4% solution for ALP poisoned patients. Methods: This double-blinded, parallel-group, randomized trial (Trial ID: NCT04724655) enrolled 60 symptomatic patients of both gender who presented within two hours of ALP exposure. The patients were randomly allocated into three equal groups (20 patients each). All groups received the conventional treatment. In paraffin group, patients were subjected to gastric lavage with a mixture of paraffin oil in addition to sodium bicarbonate 8.4%. In coconut group, patients were subjected to gastric lavage with a mixture of coconut oil and sodium bicarbonate 8.4%. In the saline group, patients were subjected to gastric lavage with a mixture isotonic saline added to sodium bicarbonate. Outcomes were recorded in all groups. Results: The percentage of deaths among patients who received paraffin and coconut oily substances for gastric lavage were non-significantly lower than patients in the saline group. In addition, there was a significant prolongation of hospital stays with higher survival time in both paraffin and coconut treated groups than in the saline group (p <0.001). Meanwhile, there was no significant difference between the paraffin and coconut groups. Furthermore, there were no reported significant adverse events of paraffin or coconut oil use. Conclusion: Paraffin oil and coconut oil might give hope to ALP poisoned patients; lowering the need for mechanical ventilation and significantly improve the survival time in patients who received oily gastric lavage solution than the saline-based solution with no adverse events.


doi: 10.11607/prd.2020.5.e Brilliant ideas inspire the creation of scientific evidence. In our field, an idea is a clinical/surgical intuition that comes from the experience of one or more professionals. At first, this idea should be published and diffused as a pilot study, proof of principle, or case series, and subsequently, it must be scientifically validated through randomized controlled studies. This is exactly what happened to the envelope coronally advanced flap (CAF) technique (Fig 1). First described by Zucchelli and De Sanctis in 2000 in a case series,1 it has been tested in more than 100 studies and cited in 403 papers to date, proving its efficacy and repeatability. But what makes this transition from an innovative idea to a gold-standard procedure possible? Why are there so many surgical procedures that last only a few years, the so-called "meteors," while others become scientific milestones? This mainly depends on the biologic principles upon which the technique is based. The envelope CAF technique was constructed to focus on achieving the best possible blood supply as well as the highest wound stability, both key elements in wound healing. The envelope CAF design consists of a number of oblique submarginal incisions in the papillae area. The peculiar displacement of the papilla tips was born to overcome an issue observed with previous techniques, in which the surgical papillae would cover the enamel instead of the interproximal vascular beds at the end of the surgery. The absence of vertical releasing incisions improves the tropism of the entire flap, avoiding damage to the lateral distribution of the vascular supply while eliminating the risk of scar formation. The concept of flap-thickness modulation, the split-full-split idea, was introduced to exploit the different characteristics of each thickness2 anastomosis with the deepithelialized anatomical papillae. The full-thickness elevation of the mid-portion maintains the entire soft tissue thickness as well as the highly vascularized periosteum in the flap area, which will be positioned above the avascular exposed root surface. And finally, the minimal, deep, split-thickness incision in an apical direction detaches the alveolar mucosa from the periosteum, and the superficial incision removes muscle insertions from the inner aspect of the alveolar mucosa; both are crucial steps to eliminate flap tension and obtain coronal displacement. Passivity of the flap is an issue of paramount importance, as using pulling and compressive sutures to overcome residual flap tension may damage the vascular supply by reducing vessel patency and impairing neovascularization. The absence of flap tension also contributes to its stability in the desired final position and reduces the risk of early flap shrinkage.3 Flap closure is accomplished with a limited number of sling sutures, only one for each papilla, providing a tight buccal adaptation of the flap above the convexity of the crowns without the risk of blood seeping from the gingival margin, thus improving clot stability. The solid biologic background behind every single step of the technique explains why there has been no need to make substantial changes over the years. Increased awareness of the necessity4 to aid flap stability by the site-specific addition of connective tissue graft has been the main innovation in the last years.5 Obviously, surgical instruments and suture materials have become more refined and magnification systems have improved; this has allowed the technique to become ever more precise. However, the legacy of the envelope CAF is its evolution from being a treatment for gingival recession to becoming a treatment philosophy. Coronal advancement is an ascertained concept to counteract the flap's tendency to shrink during the early phases of wound healing. Thus, the envelope CAF concept is now applied in


A new calibration method is proposed to separate the profile error caused by the sphericity of the scanning stylus in 3- dimensional contact profilometry. To reduce uncertainty in surface profile measurements, compensation of the stylus sphericity has become a critical issue. In optical flat testing, the three-flat method, which can separate the reference error from the measured deviations, is well known. Although there are also several methods of calibration of the stylus sphericity in contact profilometry, to extract the error precisely remains a challenge. Here we consider a new algorithm for this that uses four measurements including new combinations of the two styluses. The algorism yields four deviation data of the sum of the object profile and the stylus sphericity. With this method, we can extract the surface profile, while keeping the stylus error minimum.


During the past several years a program has been developed at SUNY-Binghamton for the introductory Chemistry laboratory which allows the student to test his laboratory results in a particular experiment against those results expected for his sample. This test is performed during the regularly scheduled laboratory period, by the student, at a terminal located adjacent to the laboratory, and permits a rapid decision to be made by the student as to whether or not he should repeat the experiment in order to obtain worthwhile data. This operation is accomplished by way of the APL program CHEMLAB1, which performs the appropriate calculations on the student's raw date. At the time the repeat-no repeat decision is made, the student does not have, or get, the results of the detailed calculations made by the computer. Should a repeat be necessary, the student has enough time to perform a duplicate experiment on his relatively simple apparatus before the end of the lab period. Should no repeat be necessary, as is the case 60-70% of the time, the student can dismantle his apparatus and proceed with the calculations at his leisure, assured that the data is capable of providing a reasonable answer.
 After the student has understood the concepts of the experiment, and performed the appropriate calculations, he may enter his calculated data at the terminal, and receive a tabular output which tells his how well he did on the calculations and in the experiment. These interactions of the student and the program are shown in Figures 1 and 2. This output is turned in with the student lab report, and serves as a basis for student comments on the relative success or failure of his experimental work and calculations.


Objective To investigate the relationship between esophageal varices and plasma calcitonin gene related peptide(CGRP) in liver cirrhosis. Methods CGRP was measured in plasma samples collected from 24 healthy controls and 61 liver cirrhosis patients. Results Plasma CGRP of cirrhotic patients[(119.21±35.62 )ng/L] was significantly higher than that of healthy controls[(79.47±18.83)ng/L],P 0.05.Comparisions of the levels of plasma CGRP among 3 groups of liver cirrhosis patients in different Child's grades were shown as follows: Child C Child B Child A.The concentration of CGRP varied positively with the diameter of portal vein(r=0.60,P 0.01).The concentration of plasma CGRP was markedly higher in liver cirrhosis patients with esophageal varices[(133.85±36.12)ng/L] than in those without esophageal varices[(89.20±31.67)ng/L] ,P 0.05.Increased concentration of CGRP, diameter of portal vein and Child's grade of liver function were independently correlated with the development of esophageal varices. Conclusion CGRP reflects the severity of liver cirrhosis which is one of the risk factors to develop esophageal varices in liver cirrhosis.


In this study water quality status of Jannapura tank near Bhadravathi town of Shimoga district was assessed by rotifers analysis during January to December 2008. A total of 05 genera and 08 species of Rotifera belonging to 4 families were recorded. The family Brachionidae consists of 5 species and rest of the families consists of single species of rotifers respectively. The density of rotifers varied from 12 to 145 organisms/litre. The zooplankton analysis showed an average and lower abundance of species in rainy months and maximum occurrence in summer months due to the different environmental and inflow characteristics of the water body. Occurrence of rotiferan species indicates the water quality deterioration and onset of eutrophication in Jannapura tank. In the present study, as per water quality recommended by CPCB, Rawals data and BIS standards, the tank water is not suitable for human consumption and hence, the water body is eutrophic and productive.


In this study, a novel silver N-heterocyclic carbene (Ag-NHC) complex bearing hydroxyethyl substituent has been synthesized from the hydroxyethyl-substituted benzimidazolium salt and silver oxide by using in-situ deprotonation method. A structure of the Ag-NHC complex was characterized by using UV-Vis, FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopies and elemental analysis techniques. Also, the crystal structure of the novel complex was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. In this paper, compound 1 showed excellent inhibitory effects against some metabolic enzymes. This complex had Ki of 1.14 0.26 µM against human carbonic anhydrase I (hCA I), 1.88±0.20 µM against human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA I), and 10.75±2.47 µM against α-glycosidase, respectively. On the other hand, the Ki value was found as 25.32±3.76 µM against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and 41.31±7.42 µM against butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), respectively. These results showed that the complex had drug potency against some diseases related to using metabolic enzymes.


This paper presents a software framework to implement connected television. The connected television framework is responsible to support applications running on the television receivers, but also to take advantage of remote processing. It was developed a framework based on free software tools and implemented on a reference set-top box. Sample applications were developed and a set of performance tests was ran. The work results show a framework that is based on free software and that had satisfactory performance.


Infinitely thin multiple strip scattering problems are studied using the subdomain approach for two-dimensional (2-D) transverse magnetic and transverse electric excitations. The subdomain approach divides the entire domain into several partially overlapping subdomains, within which fields are expanded by classical techniques. The mode-matching method is used to impose continuity conditions. Results are validated by comparing to numerical results from COMSOL. Results show that the subdomain approach can be as accurate as the numerical solutions and may offer substantial improvements in efficiency.


This paper presents a novel system that exploits synchrony spectra and deep neural networks (DNNs) for automatic speech recognition (ASR) in challenging noisy environments. Synchrony spectra measure the extent to which each frequency channel in an auditory model is entrained to a particular pitch period, and they are used together with F0 estimates either in a DNN for time-frequency (T-M) mask estimation or to augment the input features for a DNN-based ASR system. The proposed approach was evaluated in the context of the CHiME 3 Challenge. Our experiments show that the synchrony spectra features work best when augmenting the input features to the DNN-based ASR system. Compared to the CHiME-3 baseline system, our best system provides a word error rate (WER) reduction of more than 14% absolute and achieved a WER of 18.56% on the evaluation test set.


Corresponding Author: Hamid Salehiniya, PhD candidate; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract – Objective: To investigate the association between physical activity and common cancers. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted in English by June 2018 to include studies reporting physical activity related cancer risks through a search in database of the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. The search strategy included the keywords: "cancer", "physical activity" or "mobility" or "inactivity" or "immobility". Articles that looked at the relationship between each type of cancer and PA were entered in to the study and summarized in review. Results: Physical activity is associated with a decreased risk of some types of cancers including: colorectal, breast, esophagus, lung, liver, cervical, endometrial, kidney, brain, and blood cancers. However, further studies are required to confirm the association between PA and prostate, head and neck, stomach, bladder, pancreas, and skin cancer risks. Conclusions: Given that inactivity plays a role in most cancers, it is necessary to develop sports programs through educational strategies and provide programs to increase the community awareness of the benefits of physical activity and participation in regular weekly exercise programs in order to prevent the incidence of various cancers.


The invention discloses a process for co-producing methanol and ammonia by utilizing calcium carbide tail gas, which is used for co-producing methanol and ammonia by taking calcium carbide tail gas as raw materials through the steps of calcium carbide tail gas pretreatment, low-pressure compression, tail gas conversion, decarburation, fine desulfuration, methanol synthesis, methanolizing-methanation reaction, ammonia synthesis and the like. The process has the advantages of utilizing the calcium carbide tail gas to the uttermost, saving the cost, being beneficial to environment protection, reducing pollution of the calcium carbide tail gas to the environment, saving energy sources and saving energy by more than 30 percent compared with a domestic advanced coal heading-to-methanol process.


A steering system with load sensing technology for self-propelled hydraulic transporter was designed. To research the dynamic performance of the system, a co-simulation was carried out using the AMESim and MATLAB software. A PID controller with dead zone was adopted, and the simulation results shows that the PID controller with dead zone can make the system achieve better working behavior than the normal PID controller. Comparison of the test data and simulation result proved the validity of the simulation model and the feasibility of the control strategy.


A number of formal models, including a highly influential model from Hong and Page, purport to show that functionally diverse groups often beat groups of individually high-performing agents in solving problems. Thompson argues that in Hong and Page's model, that the diverse groups are created by a random process explains their success, not the diversity. Here, I defend the diversity interpretation of the Hong and Page result. The failure of Thompson's argument shows that to understand the value of functional diversity, we should be clearer about how we conceive of and measure that diversity.