The problems of greening any centre, region or slate is intimately connected with the balance of supply, demand and consumption pattern of wood and wood products in the related area and the problem needs appraisal from the socio-economic context as well. A wood balance study had been conducted In the State of West Bengal to delermine Ihe present and projected balance of wood and wood products both in rural and urban areas. The paper is the outcome of a three-year comprehensive project (1983 to ]986) takeo up In West bengal under the guidance of the author in the name of wood balance stUdy. The study was designed to determine tbe present and projected position of the supply, demand and consumption pattern of wood and wood products of the state so that the results may help the planners in formulating plans on a more solid foundation of facts. Stratified raodom sampling was employed for the entire State population and the results were derived from 18,758 respondent. in both family and Institutions falling the raodom io 752 sample villages and 696 urban census blocks drawn out of about 38,000 rural village and 15,000 urban blocks. Some interesting facts of social ecology emerged from the study. Against the recorded fuelwood production of 0.7 million m3 in West Bengal, the estimated annual consumption Is 16.85 million m 3 wbicb means the consumption is about 24 times the supply. Amongst tbe traditional renewable reSources fuelwood i. the most widely used in rural areas (about 93.2%) of an the non-commercial energy consumed, the relative share in million tonnes of coal replacement (MTCK) fuelwood provides 77.1% compared to 14.97% of agricultural wastes, 7.48% of dung-cake and 0.45% of biogas. in the total energy consumption in this sate including commercial and non-commercial energy fuelwood also constitutes about a significant 42% of the total consumption out of the total 16.85 million m3 of fuelwood consumed annuany, family, institutional snd cremational sectors constitute 94.10%, 519% and 0.71% respectively. lhe study further reveals that in rural areas percentage of fuelwood collecled and these, which are in trade, and 65% and 35% respectively while in urban areas, tbe pirture is different. The respective percentages of collection and trade in urban areas are 25% and 75%. A nnual average capita consumption is about 0.288 m3 varying from 0.368 m 3 in rural areas to 0.072 m3 in urbao areas. The study also reveal. that the proximity of forest area bears a positive co-relation to the per capita fuelwood consumption pattern, which is found to be the highest Darjeeling district (1.10 m 3 ) and lowest in Calcutta (0.017 m 3 ). A negative correlation bas been established between tbe monthly income of a family aod the per capita consumption of fuelwood both in respect of urban and rural sectors. A negative correlation is also Indicated by the study between tbe monthy Income level aod percentage of expenditure on fuel irrespective of urban or rural locations. The paper also reveals the sectoral distribution of woodfuel consumption and estimates the districtwise statistics of the State of west Bengal for the same to determine tbe extent of gap betweeu supply and consumption wood-fuel over time and space.


In this paper, a client-edge-cloud hierarchical federated learning (FL) model has been developed for connected vehicle applications. Generalized models are aggregated on the cloud server, while customized models trained on local data with similar data distribution are aggregated on the edge server, which mitigates the impact of data heterogeneity. To reduce the communication overhead of FL, clients will periodically update to the edge server and edge servers will periodically update to the cloud server. Moreover, we propose a mean field game-based probabilistic device selection scheme. Jointly considering their contributions and the population diversity, a fraction of devices will be selected to join the FL iteration. Taking driving range estimation as an example of connected vehicle applications in the experiment, we have shown that the proposed FL frameworks can increase the prediction accuracy by 28.9% with 5 times fewer clients' participation, compared with the vanilla FL.


Cancer is the second most common cause of childhood deaths in the United Kingdom and infection contributes to a quarter of all cancer‐related deaths. This study aimed to estimate the risk, aetiology and outcome of bloodstream bacterial and fungal infections in children with cancer within a geographically defined region in South‐West London over a 3‐year period.


Natural treatment systems (stabilzatin pond, constructed wetland) are gaining attention in developing countries having favourable climatic conditions. But further polishing of the effluents in a cost-effective manner is still a great challenge. In this study, a low-cost ceramic filter was applied to algal based Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSP) system for further improvement the effluent's quality. The applicability is investigated through lab-scale experiment using synthetic domestic wastewater. The low cost ceramic filter was made with 80% clay-soil and 20% rice bran on weight basis. The filter was fully submerged in a glass–made rectangular aquarium reactor. Synthetic wastewater was fed continuously into the reactor that contained algae (mainly Scenedesmus) mixed liquor; the effluent through the filter was obtained using a suction pump. The analyses results of different warter quality parameters of effluents showed that solid-liquid separation was occurred effectively with high organic removal (92% BOD removal) and 50% Nitrogen removal. Low filter clogging tendency (washing frequency: 0.025 times/d) was observed under the flux value of 0.01 m/d. Simple physical cleaning was found effective for filter maintenance. It is concluded that the ceramic filter can be effectively applied for up gradation of the effluent quality of WSPs or other similar treatment systems.


Abstract. Austrocarausius Brock, 2000 is a stick insect (Phasmatodea: Lonchodidae) genus containing two species restricted to the tropical rainforests of northern Queensland. Recent specimen collections between the two species' type localities, Lizard Island and Rockhampton, have suggested that Austrocarausius might represent more than the two nominal species. Here, we apply morphological and molecular analyses to revise the taxonomy of this genus. Using both field-collected and historic museum samples, we developed morphological species hypotheses and descriptions. Genetic sequencing of mitochondrial COI and 16S were undertaken for species delimitation and phylogenetic analysis, including an estimate of the evolutionary timescale of the genus. Based on these results, we propose nine new Austrocarausius species, increasing the number of species in the genus to eleven: A. nigropunctatus (Kirby, 1896), A. mercurius (Stål, 1877), A. coronatus sp. nov., A. decorus sp. nov., A. eirmosus sp. nov., A. gasterbulla sp. nov., A. tuberosus sp. nov., A. macropunctatus sp. nov., A. truncatus sp. nov. A. waiben sp. nov. and A. walkeri sp. nov. Our results suggest Austrocarausius species diversified over the last c. 25–70Ma, resulting in the now endemic distributions in the tropical rainforests of the central and northern Queensland coasts. This is the first integrative systematic study of an Australian phasmid genus, combining morphological, molecular and biogeographical methods. Additional species of Austrocarausius likely remain undescribed as can be inferred from methodical sampling of rainforest patches along the Queensland coast.


The antimicrobial activity of methanol extract of Ocimum americanum, Syzygium cumini, Murraya koenigii, Eucalyptus maculata, Lawsonia inermis, Adhatoda vasica, Tridax procumbens, Prunus amygdalus, Aazardirecta indica, Syzygium.aromaticum on E-coli, S. aureus, were evaluated by well diffusion method. The methanol extract of such medicinal plant showed the zone of inhibition against E-coli and S.aureus. The Ocimum americanum slightly inhibited the growth of E.coli and S. aureus with zone of inhibition diameter of 2 mm and 1mm respectively The Syzygium cumini show no zone of inhibition against E.coli and show the 2mm zone of inhibition against S.aureus. No Zone of inhibition was observerd by Syzygium aromaticum ,Lawsonia inermis, Adhatoda vasica and Prunus amygdalus against E.coli while Murraya koenigii, Tridax procumbens ,Aazardirecta indica, Eucalyptus maculate inhibited the growth of E.coli ie.2mm,1mm, 2mm,5mm respectively. The methanolic extract of Ocimum americanum, Syzygium cumini ,Murraya koenigii ,Lawsonia inermis, and Ecuclypttus maculate, Azardirecta indica. Tridax procumbens profoundly inhibited the growth of S.aureus with inhibition zone diameter between 1-5mm. This revealed that Ocimum americanum, Syzygium cumini ,Murraya koenigii ,Lawsonia inermis, and Ecuclypttus maculate, Azardirecta indica. Tridax procumbens, Adhatoda vasica have antimicrobial activity against E.coli and S.aureus. This information may probably used to control the infection associated with these microorganism.


Fundamental changes in the system of training highly qualified personnel in postgraduate studies have actualized the problems of the targets for the functioning of postgraduate studies. The article analyzes the barriers that arise at the stages of training in postgraduate school and preparing for thesis defense. The empirical basis of the work was a survey of the target audience, which resulted in the formation and testing of a questionnaire to assess the impact of barriers on the outcome of postgraduate training and the completion of postgraduate study. The target sample contains three groups: postgraduate students, holders of Candidates of Science degree and Doctors of Science (scientific supervisors) representing higher education and scientific institutions of the Russian Federation. The sample object was 133 people. The results of the experiment were analyzed using statistical graphs method. To identify key barriers to complete postgraduate studies, the construction of the Pareto diagram was used. As a result, we have identified 20% of the most significant barriers impeding postgraduate training and significant barriers to completing the dissertation research. In order to visualize the structure of the barriers, a causal diagram of K. Ishikawa was used. Primary level factors responsible for the result have been identified including a postgraduate student, scientific supervisor, institution and the state. Further, factors of the secondary level in obtaining a positive result of postgraduate training are analyzed. The paper considers the possibility of carrying out some measures to reduce the barriers to successful completion of postgraduate training and Candidate thesis defense. It is noted that such factors as work-study scheme and family life barriers depend on postgraduate student. Higher education institution is also responsible for a number of significant barriers in postgraduate training, in particular the absence of a research reserve. A very powerful, but, unfortunately, rather rare tool for creating a research reserve for postgraduate studies is its integration with the magistracy. We can refer to a British experience of combining master's and doctoral studies by way of example. The article also analyzes the organizational barriers during the periods of thesis preparation and submission as well as barriers relating to supervisor's responsibility. The authors dwell on the problem of low motivation for getting the Candidate of Science degree. It is a common situation in Russia when a Candidate of Science degree holder cannot benefit from the degree obtained. It is necessary to envisage the expansion of positions and professions, where surcharges will be applied for the existing degrees, as well as more comfortable conditions for career growth.


This is to analyse Emerson's Essays: Second Series in terms of his encounter with Buddhism in the early 1840s. Emerson struggled with the idea of change in Buddhism. This idea was the opposite to Emerson's belief in the permanence of the individual self. The death of his son made him rethink his belief in the eternity of self. On the other hand, Emerson accepted the idea of Karma in Buddhism because this idea was in harmony with his own belief. The idea that morality is the core of Buddhism and a means to spiritual enlightenment is helpful to solidify his own values. Emerson's approach to Buddhism is inevitably connected with his commitment to shape the American self. His resistance to the idea of change in Buddhism reflects his private spiritual struggle and his effort to define a new nation. His acceptance of the key Buddhist ideas sharpened his spiritual understanding, showing his openness to new ideas.


Magnetic device (1) comprising a main magnet unit (2) with a cylindrical patient receiving (3), characterized in that perceptible within the patient housing (3) in a by a positioned for magnetic resonance measurement in patients (4) region is an optical display device (10) with is arranged at least one display (11) which is shaped to follow at least partially the boundary of the patient intake (3).


Penicillin allergy records are common, often incorrect and limit antibiotic treatment options for patients. Moreover, there are several patient and health system harms associated with penicillin allergy records, which include increased length of hospitalisation, higher rates of ICU admission and hospital readmission, higher risk of multidrug-resistant or opportunistic infection, increased mortality risk, and higher drug and/or hospital-related costs. Penicillin allergy assessment has traditionally been undertaken by allergists/immunologists and involves an accurate clinical history, serum testing for specific IgE to penicillin and penicillin skin testing. If these tests are negative then an oral penicillin challenge test dose is prescribed and the patient observed for an hour. The paucity of allergy services globally versus the prevalence of penicillin allergy labels has led to exploration of non-specialist means of 'de-labelling' (assessing penicillin allergy and removing incorrect labels where appropriate). Relatively recently it has been recognised that undertaking a 'direct oral challenge', ie a drug provocation test without prior skin testing, can be carried out for low-risk patients and is a safe and effective de-label strategy. Recognition of the associated harms of incorrect penicillin allergy records for patients and healthcare systems has driven researchers to explore the safety of non-allergist delivered penicillin allergy de-labelling interventions. A new systematic review of the literature included 69 studies from around the world, with the majority from the USA (70%) and Australia / New Zealand (16%) and relatively few from Europe (5.8%) and the UK (2.9%). The dominance of USA and Australian studies may be due to the early recognition of penicillin allergy de-labelling as an antibiotic stewardship priority by authorities in these countries and subsequent publication of guidelines for


Ocean mesoscale currents display large‐scale turbulence, clearly evident in remotely sensed imagery and in situ XBT casts. Deducing water velocity from remotely sensed data is a topic of ongoing research. The relationship of geostrophic water velocity and the acoustically relevant water column parameters has been expressed in the quasigeostrophic equation. Two general solutions of this equation, the uniform current [J. G. Watson, W. L. Siegmann, and M. J. Jacobson, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 60, 355–364 (1976)] and the symmetrical eddy [R. F. Henrick, W. L. Siegmann, and M. J. Jacobson, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 62, 860–870 (1977)], are analyzed and combined into one dynamical model. A scheme to reduce the three‐dimensional temperature and velocity distributions of a turbulent current to simple eddies superimposed on a current is presented. The dynamical model is then used to predict the variations in sound speed across the current. A simulation of the North Pacific Current is given and the predicted sound velocity pr...


Global reanalysis products are extensively used for hydrologic applications in sparse data regions. European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Re‐Analysis version 5 (ERA‐5), among the new‐era reanalysis products, has been significantly improved for horizontal and vertical resolutions and data assimilation. However, the new‐era reanalysis products (ERA‐5, Climate Forecast System Reanalysis, ERA‐Interim, Modern Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications version 2, and Japanese 55‐year Reanalysis Project) have not been evaluated for the hydrologic applications in India specially to understand if ERA‐5 outperforms the other reanalysis products or not. Here we use the five new‐era reanalysis products for the monsoon (June–September) season precipitation, maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) temperatures, total runoff, evapotranspiration, and soil moisture against the observations from India Meteorological Department in India for 1980–2018. We use a well‐calibrated and evaluated hydrological model (the Variable Infiltration Capacity model) to simulate hydrologic variables using the forcing from India Meteorological Department and reanalysis products. In addition, we evaluated the reanalysis products for streamflow and annual water budget for the two basins located in the diverse climatic settings in India. Our results show that ERA‐5 outperforms the other reanalysis products for the monsoon season precipitation, Tmax, evapotranspiration, and soil moisture. However, Climate Forecast System Reanalysis performs better than ERA‐5 for the monsoon season total runoff in India. Performance for streamflow and annual water budget for ERA‐5 is either better or comparable to the other reanalysis products in the two river basins. Overall, we find that ERA‐5 performs better than the other reanalysis products and can be used for the hydrologic assessments in India.


The origin of methane on Mars is unknown. It might originate from geothermal or biological activities. To identify the origin of methane a number of gas detectors are on their way to Mars. Raman spectroscopy is foreseen to be used for life detection. It can be used for detection of methane producing microorganisms (biogenic source of methane). The presentation of a systematically approach for detection of methane producing archaea in a Mars-like environment might give insights in this method.


The present work is devoted to the analysis of the phenomenon of "double peaks" of aminoacids in High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Therefore, we have carried out some experiments in order to confirm that the appearance of several peaks from the injection of a single compound was related to different ionic forms of this compound. It could be shown that elution of multiple peaks for L-α-methyldopa did not refer to its degradation products, but to the different ionic species present in the media. The same occurred with its derivative 3-O-methylmethyldopa and with dl-phenylalanine. The separation between ionic forms was possible due to the use of sodium heptanesulphonate, an anionic ion-pairing reagent, which selectively interacts with different charged species. These findings show that equilibrium species can be separated by an appropriate analytical method, depending on the employed conditions.


The article reveals and theoretically substantiates the anaseism (wave-like) nature of scientific and technological progress. The author of the article, in the course of his research activities, has developed a model of waves (anaseism) of scientific and technological progress, which reveals a natural sequence of the life cycle of any technology, start-up and other, both tangible and intangible objects of scientific and technological progress.


Introduction: Noise-induced hearing loss has been implicated in the genesis of several chronic conditions; however, its behavior concerning hypertension still raises doubts about it.
Objective: to determine the association between hearing loss due to exposure to noise and the presence of hypertension in a sample of Peruvian workers.
Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study. Secondary analysis of the occupational database of a Medical center in Lima, Peru. hypertension was measured by self-report and clinical method. Hearing loss was classified as none, mild, moderate and severe. For the regression analysis, Poisson was performed with robust variance, obtaining crude (PRc) and adjusted (PRa) prevalence ratios.
Results: We worked with a total of 1987 participants. The prevalence of hypertension was 15.40% and hearing loss was 36.39%. For the multivariate regression analysis, a statistically significant association with hypertension was found in those with mild hearing loss (PRa=1.52; CI95% 1.06–2.10), moderate (PRa=2.70; CI95% 1,93–3.76) and severe (PRa=3.82; 95% CI 2.56–5.96), compared to those without hearing loss.
Conclusions: Hearing loss due to exposure to occupational noise was associated with the presence of hypertension. Although this study is only a first overview of the relationship that both variables could have, it is recommended to continue promoting policies and awareness campaigns to prevent hearing loss in workers, and thus avoid complications related to it in the long term.


Lead exposure in inhabitants of Calabria, the southernmost region of peninsular Italy, was monitored. Calabria has an area of 15, 000 km2 and two million inhabitants. Lead concentrations in anonymized residual dried blood spots (DBSs) from neonatal screening tests were measured using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GF-AAS). DBSs were collected in the capitals of the Calabrian provinces (Catanzaro, Reggio Calabria, Cosenza, Crotone, and Vibo Valentia), Calabrian towns on the Tyrrhenian and Ionian coasts, and in the Sila and Serre-Aspromonte mountain areas. The median lead concentrations in the blood samples were 3.93 μg/dL in the Sila area, 3.32 μg/dL in the Tyrrhenian area, 2.91 μg/dL in Vibo Valentia, 2.76 μg/dL in the Ionian area, 2.69 μg/dL in Cosenza, 2.65 μg/dL in Catanzaro, 2.64 μg/dL in Crotone, 1.69 μg/dL in Reggio Calabria, and 1.52 μg/dL in the Aspromonte area. The lead concentrations were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the Sila area than in the other locations except for the Tyrrhenian area (P=0.229). The difference between the median lead concentrations in liquid whole blood samples from inhabitants of the Sila area (3.4 μg/dL) and Reggio Calabria (2.2 μg/dL) was statistically significant (P=0.002), and the very different lead concentrations that were found in drinking water from the Sila (0.115 μg/L) and Serre-Aspromonte areas (0.016 μg/L) were consistent with the lead concentrations in the DBSs and the geochemical distribution of lead in soils in the region. The results of this study confirmed that analyzing residual DBSs from neonatal screening tests by GF-AAS is a useful way of monitoring lead exposure in a region.


Submitted for the MAR08 Meeting of The American Physical Society Biochemistry on a leash: A mechanism for ligand recruitment via tethered binding sites DANIEL REEVES, KEITH CHEVERALLS, JANE KONDEV, Brandeis University — The diffusion limited reaction rate for ligandreceptor systems is typically estimated as the rate at which the ligand stumbles upon the receptor site by three-dimensional Brownian motion. We consider a mechanism that improves upon this limiting rate by placing a binding site on a flexible polymer. The tethered binding site explores the vicinity of the receptor site via polymer diffusion. After binding the ligand, the tether directly transfers it to the receptor site. This is in contrast with existing model mechanisms that involve non-specific binding that confines the ligand to lower-dimensional diffusion. The proposed mechanism may be relevant to the biological actin capping protein formin, which increases actin polymerization rates when bound to the growing tip of actin filaments. Daniel Reeves Brandeis University Date submitted: 27 Nov 2007 Electronic form version 1.4


Progress made in the industrial processing of preimpregnated composites with unidirectional fibers is discussed, with particular emphasis on applications within the aerospace industry. Selection of industrial materials is considered. Attention is given to the conditions justifying the use of composites and the properties required of industrial prepregs. The hardening cycle is examined for the cases of nonmodified and polymer modified resins, with attention given to the stabilization of flow, the necessary changes of state, viscosity control, and the elimination of porosity. The tooling necessary for the fabrication of a laminated plate is illustrated, and the influence of fabrication and prepreg properties on the mechanical characteristics of a laminate are indicated. Finally, the types of prepregs available and the processing procedures necessary for them are summarized.


The crushing of HMX was studied by impinge technology. The results show that the particle size of HMX decreased as the impinge pressure and impinge times increased. To some extent it changed very slowly.


The development of contemporary tourism is directly related to the process of globalization. Global cities are huge centers of attraction for international tourist flows. They play a very important role in cultural, MICE, and sports tourism. They contribute to a great extend for generating some of the mightiest tourist flows in the world. Many global cities are centres of international tourist exhibitions which attract a great number of companies and consumers. It is suggested that the employees of the Bulgarian tourist industry use the enormous opportunities of advertising and recruitment of customers that exist in global cities more actively.


There is considerable demand for reducing the losses, the stray load loss, in particular, in three-phase 4-pole squirrel-cage induction motors (IMs) in order to realize high efficiency. A better understanding of the harmonic fluxes in the stray load loss factors is also required. This paper presents the frequency analyzed results of the search coil voltage for a few gap lengths, the driven frequencies (fs= 33.4 Hz, 2 fs = 66.8 Hz, 3 fs = 100.2 Hz and 3.5 fs = 116.9 Hz) and several load conditions of the IMs at high-speed and constant-voltage are shown.


Abstract : Microwave absorption, using the co-planar waveguide configuration that we developed earlier, was employed to investigate electron dynamics of the high mobility 2D charge carriers in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs heterostructures. Three experiments were carried out: (1) Dynamic response of composite fermions in an anti-dot lattice (2) Observation of microwave induced cyclotron harmonics, and (3) Investigation of pinning of the Wigner crystal and measurement of the crystal correlation lengths as a function of carrier density.


Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have attracted a lot of recent research interest due to their applicability in security, monitoring, disaster relief and environmental applications. WSNs consist of a number of low-cost sensors scattered in a geographical area of interest and connected by a wireless RF interface. Sensors gather information about the monitored area and send this information to gateway nodes. The radio on board these sensor nodes has limited range and allows the node to transmit over short distances. In most deployment scenarios, it is not possible for each node to communicate directly to the sink and hence, the model of communication is to transmit over short distances to other peers in the direction of the sink nodes.


An automated, process independent SPICE bipolar device modeling system has been developed. The system solves for a complete set of SPICE parameters that when simulated, provide the best mathematical fit to the actual measured performance of the transistor. Automatic computer decisions control all instrument measurements and model extraction procedures, providing consistency between device models, independent of the system operator. With a total measurement and extraction time of less than 30 minutes true statistical process performance may be evaluated.


This special issue on block caving reflects the accelerating transition from surface mining to underground mining with increasing focus on deep mining and, in particular, large-scale block and panel caving. The transition is being driven by cost as well as access to deeper resources. According to Moss (2012), block caving operating costs range from $US5?00 to $US7?00/t versus large open-pit operating costs of $US1?00 to $US1?20/t. However, for the former, each tonne is a tonne of ore, whereas for the latter, each tonne is a tonne of material moved.


This study examines the financial performance and market performance differences between companies certified to ISO 14001 and those not certified to ISO 14001. The management's environmental commitment is measured using the company's ownership of the ISO 14001 certificate. The financial performance is measured by using the Net Profit Margin (NPM), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and Return on Assets (ROA), while the market's performance is measured using the Price Earnings Ratio (PER) and the Market to-Book Value (MBV). The study population was a mining company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2009-2014, some 202 companies. The sampling method used was purposive sampling with criteria mining companies from 2009 to 2014, certified ISO 14001 and uncertified ISO 14001; present stock price information, the annual report, and financial statements are complete. Samples are 82 mining companies with a certificate of ISO 14001 and 96 mining companies that do not have a certificate of ISO 14001. Mechanical analysis of data from this study using independent sample t-test. The results showed that the mean financial performance and market performance of companies that are ISO 14001 is higher than those of companies not certified to ISO 14001. There are significant differences in the ratio of Net Profit Margin (NPM), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and Market to Book Value (MBV).


Cultivated land,as the basis of existence and development for human being,not only brings direct economic benefits to farmers but also provides huge external nonproductive function for the public.Therefore,the protection of cultivated land is an obligation confronting the whole society.As an important part of the public,urban residents play a key role in this cause.In this paper,based on the survey of "public consciousness of protecting cultivated land" over eight provinces in China,urban residents'consciousness among different groups of cultivated land protection is systematically analyzed,and relevant countermeasures are put forward so as to foster urban residents'initiative on cultivated land protection.


Corresponding address: Tally Lichtensztejn Tafla Programa de Pós-Graduação em Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie Rua da Consolação 896. Prédio 28, 1o andar – Consolação CEP: 01302-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil E-mail: email@example.com ABSTRACT Williams syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder with different manifestations caused by a heterozygous segmental deletion of 1.55-1.83Mb at chromosomal band 7q11.23. The Williams syndrome phenotype is characterized by intellectual deficiency and expressive learning deficits, with impairments in phonological awareness skills. The aim of the study was to verify the effects of an intervention in phonological awareness and grammar teaching, for the acquisition of reading skills and literacy indicators in a child with Williams Syndrome. A case of a 6-year old girl, enrolled in the first year of Elementary School, was reported. The Phonological Awareness Test by Oral Production, the Words and Pseudo-words Reading Competence Test, the Provinha Brasil (reading test), and a Phonological Awareness Literacy Software, were used for phonological awareness and grammar teaching intervention. The study was developed in four phases: pre-intervention assessment, intervention, post-intervention assessment and follow-up, after six months. The results showed progress in phonological awareness skills, mainly in tasks of rhyme, alliteration and syllabic synthesis, as well as reading indicators that were compatible with the school year, following the intervention.


Aim of this study was to find out the effect of Intermittent Training and Aerobic Exercise on Selected Endurance Parameters of College Men Volleyball Players . The study was conducted on forty five (N=45) men Volleyball players who have participated  University of Madras inter collegiate Volleyball tournament during the year 2013-2014, were selected as subjects . The age of the subjects were ranged from 17 to 21 years. The subjects were assigned at random into three groups of fifteen each (n=15).  Group-I underwent Intermittent Training, Group-II underwent Aerobic Exercise, and Group III acted as Control. The Experimental groups underwent their respective training for 12 weeks in addition to the regular training as per College curriculum. Speed Endurance and Muscular Endurancewas selected as dependent variables. Speed Endurance was assessed by 150 meters run testand Muscular Endurance was assessed by Sit & Reach Test . The data collected from the three groups prior to and post experimentation on Speed Endurance and Muscular Endurancewas statistically analyzed by using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Hence, whenever the obtained f-ratio value was significant the Scheffe's test was applied as post hoc test to determine the paired mean differences, if any. In all the cases 0.05 level of significance was fixed. The results of the study suggest Intermittent training group was better than other groups on the development of Speed Endurance and Muscular Endurance.


The electrical conduction of oil/polymer composite was investigated using surface-treated PP (polypropylene) films. The polymer films used were biaxially oriented PP films (thickness 22 mu m) and rough-surfaced PP films. The insulating oil used was diarylethane oil (viscosity 6.3 cSt at 25 degrees C). The origin of the carrier in the oil/PP system is shown to be local in the PP surface. Impurities in the PP surface region are much more numerous in the case of the rough films. The electrical conduction of the oil/PP system is strongly affected by the oil/polymer interaction.<<ETX>>


In her introduction to the book, Ann Benton draws attention to the many ministers' wives who appear in fiction from Anthony Trollope onwards. The pictures painted are unflattering and, according to the main author, need to be challenged. She points out that although many books have been written about being a minister, there is little advice published about being a minister's wife. The book is described as having been written by Ann Benton and friends following its instigation by the Women's Ministry Team of the FIEC (Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches). There are ten chapters, with a brief insightful biography of the writer of each chapter. The main author, Ann Benton, points out that, contrary to popular misconceptions, minister's wives are not all the same. They vary widely in their backgrounds and experience, role in the church, employment outside the church and whether they entered their marriage expecting to be a minister's wife or expected a different sort of life. Nevertheless she draws attention to similarities among the contributors. Apart from being married to a full-time minister/pastor, Ann Benton describes each as being an evangelical Christian, believing that the Bible is the inerrant word of God, that Jesus died on the cross to make complete atonement for our sins and that we are saved by faith alone in Christ. She adds that:


Constant current electrolysis of polyfluoroarenes in DMF containing 0.1moldm−3 Bu4NBF4 in the presence of carbon dioxide by using a one-compartment cell equipped with a Pt cathode and a Mg anode at −40°C resulted in reductive cleavage of a C-F bond of the phenyl ring followed by reaction with carbon dioxide in highly regioand chemoselective manners to give the corresponding mono-carboxylated products, polyfluorobenzoic acids, in moderate to good yields. © The Electrochemical Society of Japan, All rights reserved.


We study the effects of U.S. monetary policy on international mutual fund investment. We apply a novel variant of the shock identification procedure in Bu et al. (2021) to decompose observed U.S. monetary policy surprises into pure monetary policy shock and information shock components. We find that an increase in interest rates driven by a pure monetary policy shock leads to persistent outflows from EMs and to a lesser extent global and U.S. mutual funds. On the other hand, when rates increase following a positive information shock investors reallocate capital out of U.S. bonds and into (riskier) equity funds, both U.S. and abroad. We attribute these differences to the risk-taking channel of monetary policy. Pure monetary policy shocks tighten financial conditions, while information shocks lower the VIX. Finally, we explore regional heterogeneity in responses. Global EMs and Asia-focused funds suffer sharp outflows after tightening U.S. monetary policy shocks. Information shocks instead lead to large inflows to China-focused funds, reflecting the large economic ties between China and the U.S.


Energy efficiency has become a major issue in modern trade, business and environmental perception. While the next generation of zero emission propulsion systems are still under development, it is already possible to increase fuel efficiency in regular vehicles by applying a more fuel efficient driving behaviour. This particularly holds true for transport companies, where even small percentage savings can accumulate to huge absolute savings. Although there are common fuel efficiency guidelines, they are often imprecise and not adapted to a specific vehicle. Furthermore drivers may not even know the fuel efficiency rules or lack the motivation to apply them in practice. In this paper, an online driving assistance system is presented that assist drivers during their journeys by giving them fuel efficiency guidelines that are suited for the current situation and vehicle. The driver assistance system uses an internal manufacturer independent model that can adapt to the current vehicle solely based on online CAN-Bus data.


Federated Learning has been introduced as a new machine learning paradigm enhancing the use of local devices. At a server level, FL regularly aggregates models learned locally on distributed clients to obtain a more general model. Current solutions rely on the availability of large amounts of stored data at the client side in order to fine-tune the models sent by the server. Such setting is not realistic in mobile pervasive computing where data storage must be kept low and data characteristic can change dramatically. To account for this variability, a solution is to use the data regularly collected by the client to progressively adapt the received model. But such naive approach exposes clients to the well-known problem of catastrophic forgetting. To address this problem, we have defined a Federated Continual Learning approach which is mainly based on distillation. Our approach allows a better use of resources, eliminating the need to retrain from scratch at the arrival of new data and reducing memory usage by limiting the amount of data to be stored. This proposal has been evaluated in the Human Activity Recognition (HAR) domain and has shown to effectively reduce the catastrophic forgetting effect.


The aim of the project is to develop a method for monetary valuation of local health effects of exhaust emissions in urban areas. The value will be expressed in SEK per kg of emission component. It is dependent on the location and time of the emission, the weather conditions etc. The following chain has been studied: emission - dispersion - exposure - dose - economic valuation. For the dose calculations the local dispersion model developed for Goeteborg was used. The calculated concentrations were coupled to population density data to get the urban dose. Local excess concentrations in the streets have also been considered and will give the street dose. The valuations of health effects have used already available WTP (willingness to pay) data. A monetary value has been given to each inhaled mg of different exhaust emission components: nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons (VOC) and particulate matter. The derived dose valuation can be used in all Swedish towns and cities.


Tacrolimus is used to treat patients with lupus nephritis; however, its time course and dose effect on proteinuria in lupus nephritis patients remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the time course and dose effect of tacrolimus on proteinuria in lupus nephritis patients via model‐based meta‐analysis (MBMA).


This study aims to obtain empirical evidence to know the effect of institutional ownership, the proportion of independent commissioners, audit committees, sales growth and leverage to tax avoidance. The independent variables in this study are institutional ownership, proportion of board of commissioners, audit committee, sales growth and leverage. The dependent variable in this research is tax avoidance using Cash Effective Tax Rate (CETR). The data in this research is secondary data obtained from Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sample amount of 16 companies from the basic industry sector for the period of 2013-2017, using purposive sampling method. Data analysis technique used linear logistic regression, data processed by using SPSS 24. The result of the analysis shows that the proportion of independent commissioners influences tax avoidance, then institutional ownership, proportion of board of commissioner, audit committee, sales growth, and leverage have no effect to tax advoidance.


Plastic scintillation detectors are well studied to check their light yield in terms of average number of photoelectrons produced at the photocathode of the PMT for diierent bre layouts. It is noted that parallel layout gives 1.5 times more light output than one-sigma layout. This can be understood if the attenuation and loss of light due to bending of the bre is taken into account. Diierent combinations of sigma layout are also studied to see their light yield performance. Diierent procedures to calculate the average number of photoelectrons are applied to see their applicability. It is well established that the ratio of the number of photoelectrons of parallel and one-sigma layout, calculated using deeerent methods remains constant for all the methods applied which implies that any method can be applied to see the relative light yield.


As countries face an aging workforce, it is pertinent to understand the experiences of older workers and how perceived age biases can affect them. Data was gathered from interviews conducted with 113 older adults between 55 to 72 years old. Framed in relevant theoretical perspectives, this study proposes a conceptual model to understand how older adults can be affected by negative age stereotypes at three main career points late career, retirement, and search for bridge employment and how perceived age biases interplay with other forms of biases and disadvantages. At the late career stage, older workers perceived that unfair HR practices were due to age stereotypes and a lack of academic qualifications. Upon retirement, retirees' perception of age biases was influenced by income level. Retirees who sought bridge employment perceived that age biases had dampened their chances of securing a job.


Basics of frame expansions in separable Hilbert spaces are
explained in context with the theory of pseudoinverse
operators. A new geometric approach is outlined connecting both
areas. An iterative frame-based procedure is suggested which
finds, to a given function, a finite frame or Riesz basis for
its expansion which is suboptimal in a certain sense. In
particular a new type of kernel smoothing operator based on
dual frame expansions is introduced with which the above
procedure allows us to find easily not only suboptimal
bandwidths (scales) as with common kernel smoothing, but also
suboptimal shifts.


Mobile terminal for handover, even after the handover, rapid additional services that were received before the handover, and technologies to be received continuously is disclosed, the MN (mobile terminal) 10 According to the technique in the connection state of the handover previous AR (access router) 21, towards the QNE (proxy) 68, and transmits a message including a session identifier for the path 24. QNE62,63 on the path 34 which the message is transferred are present on path 24, adding interface address itself to the message. On the other hand, QNE67 is not present on path 24, as it forwards the message. As a result, QNE (proxy) 68 determines the QNE63 as a cross-over node, while the same route the upstream path from QNE63, set as a route for the path 35 downstream of the path is changed MN is used after the handover It can be made.


Some 1150 late Miocene vertebrate fossils were collected by the Japan-Kenya Expedition from the Namurungule Formation in the Samburu Hills, Northern Kenya. The Namurungule mammalian local fauna has simillarities to late Miocene Eurasian faunas from Samos and Pikermi (Greece), Maragheh (Iran), and the Nagri and Dhok Pathan Formations of the Siwalik Hills (India). This similarity indicates mammalian interchanges between Eurasia and Africa during the late Miocene. The svanna fauna of the Namurungule Formation differs completely from the earilier Aka Aiteputh Formation fauna, which indicates a woodland environment (Pickford et al. 1984). This great change in the mammalian fauna of the East African late Miocene coincided with the beginning of the opening of the Gregory Rift. INTRODUCTION During 1982 and 1984, the Japan-Kenya Expedition team surveyed the Samburu Hills. Vertebrate fossils were collected from 64 sites, with sites 50 to 64 being added to the 1982 list (Figure 1). All the new sites belong the lower member of the Namurungule Formation.* The new material included some specimens of Rhinocerotidate, a skull of Tetralophodon, a mandible of Deinotheriidae, a skull of Hipparion and a mandible of Kenyapotamus. No * The lower member of the Namurungule Formation overlies the Aka Aiteputh Formation, and is overlain by the thick upper mud flow deposit, while the upper member of the Namurungule Formation overlies this mud flow (see Fig. 9 in Makinouchi et ale 1984, Fig. lOin Pickford et ale 1984, Fig. 2 in Matsuda et ale 1984 and Fig. 6 in Sawada et ale 1987). The lower member of the Namurungule Formation ferers to a horizon named the "lower alternation" and the upper member refers to the "upper alternation" used of Nakaya et ale (1984).


The number of refugees across the globe is at an alarming high and is expected to continue to rise for the foreseeable future. As a result, finding durable solutions for refugees has become a major challenge worldwide. The literature reviewed and policy implications discussed in this article are based on the premise that one of the major solutions to the refugee crisis must be refugee resettlement in new host countries. For such a solution to succeed, however, requires relatively favorable attitudes by members of host societies, protection of the well-being of refugees, and effective integration of refugees into new host countries. In this context, we begin by reviewing the literature on determinants of public attitudes toward refugees, the acculturation of refugees in host societies, and factors affecting refugee mental health, all of which are directly relevant to the success of the resettlement process. We then turn our attention to the policy implications of these literatures, and discuss strategies for improving public attitudes toward refugees and refugee resettlement in host countries; for improving the resettlement process to reduce mental health challenges; and for supporting the long-term acculturation and integration of refugees in their new homes.


This report discusses the design and installation of a static wavefront correction optic on the HELEN laser at AWE. The element is designed to compensate for static phase errors and prompt thermally induced aberrations on the backlighter beam of the laser. Partial compensation of cooling effects is also included in the design. A phase element has been fabricated using a recently developed novel wet etch figuring tool at LLNL. Performance evaluation through comparison of the focal spot pre- and post-installation is provided. The element has been tested on the laser to produce a 2x reduction in focal spot size.


This paper presents the calibration procedure for aluminum alloy 2024-T351 using a recently developed damage plasticity theory. The damage plasticity theory consists of a full three dimensional damage evolution law where the pressure sensitivity and the Lode angle dependence are included in a fracture envelope and the equivalent plastic strain is used as a time-like variable to determine the damage rate. Because of the coupled nature of the plastic strain and the damage, material parameters are calibrated from a parallel study of numerical simulations and experimental measurements. A set of 10 tests that cover a wide range stress states for both the hydrostatic pressure and the Lode angle are conducted in order to capture the fracture envelope in the interested stress range. The experimental setups include un-notched and notched round bars with three different notch radii, a doubly grooved flat plate and compressed cylinders of three different heights at two friction conditions. The detailed numerical and experimental procedure of calibration is demonstrated by using four of these tests. The accuracy of the calibrated material parameters is further assessed by the remainder of tests. Notch sensitivity in tensile round bars and the friction conditions in upsetting tests are discussed in detail. Good agreement in the tested load conditions is achieved for both the fracture patterns and the load-displacement curves.


The total absorptance of the ozone (O3) 9.6-μm band has been measured at room temperature. The amount of ozone is from 0.0188 to 0.5 atm cm and the pressure range is from 17 to 760 mm Hg. In the experiment a cross-shaped absorption cell containing ozone is used; the ultraviolet is recorded through one arm of the absorption cell to determine the amount of ozone; the infrared spectrum is recorded through the other arm to determine the total absorptance of ozone in the cell. The experimental data have been analyzed and processed according to the theory of the absorption spectrum model. The result of the experiment shows that the experimental data are consistent with the statistical model. Finally, the band parameters applied to the statistical model are given.


Traffic incident is the main cause of nonrecurring congestion. To detect incident and to verify incident as soon as possible will reduce their adverse effects. Several traditional algorithms used in automatic incident detection are reviewed. The parameters of traffic flow detection were analyzed and processed by means of wavelet and wavelet packet and then pattern recognition of the parameters' character was done by neural network. By comparing the performances of new algorithm with traditional algorithms, it shows its advantages in many aspects, such as higher diction rate, lower false alarm rate and shorter mean detection time.


In recent years there have been major advances in the research about the historical pattern of regional inequality in Italy and its historical roots: new and more accurate estimates of regional GDP, as well as of social indicators (human capital, life expectancy, HDI, heights, inequality, social capital) and other indices (market potential), running roughly from around the Unification to our days, are now available. By the light of this up-to-date information, the article reviews the debate about the determinants of regional development in Italy, within the broader framework of the country's industrial take-off and modern economic growth, and connects it to the main strands of the international literature. After critically discussing the competing hypotheses proposed to account for the different patterns observed and the North-South divide, a different explanation – and the main argument of the article – is presented: a North-South socio institutional divide pre-existed Unification, in some respects grew stronger with it and was never bridged throughout the history of post-Unification Italy; such a divide ultimately impacted on the levels of human and social capital, as well as upon differences in policies and institutional performance, and thus on economic growth.


This study was performed to evaluate the relationship between the types of maxillary labial frenum attachment and the dental age in children. The maxillary labial frenum attachment levels were examined from the children who visited Chonbuk National University Dental Hospital between April, 2010 and December, 2013. The total number of the examined children was 320 (160 males, 160 females) between the age of 2 and 12. The types of maxillary labial frenum were categorized according to Placek' s classification and each type was analyzed for its relationship with both Hellman' s dental age and the eruption stage of permanent maxillary anterior teeth. The observed forms of maxillary labial frenum along with their frequency were as follows: gingival (56.3%), papillary (20.6%), mucosal (18.1%) and papillary penetrating (5.0%). The frenum form showed no significant difference due to gender ( p > 0.05). From IC to IIIB in Hellman' s dental age, the mucosal type increased significantly (p 0.05).


Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is a non-invasive technique to monitor brain activity that provides detailed maps of the brain areas. A number of task-induced fMRI studies have demonstrated rearrangement of cortical activation patterns in the secondary brain areas in SCI patients. Chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disorder afflicting millions across the world. Cellular transplantation is one of the recent strategies to treat chronic complete SCI through its neuroregenerative and neurorestorative property. In this case we administered autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells intrathecally. The follow up assessment was conducted at three and seven months after the cellular therapy. Improvements in gross and fine motor activities, ambulation, bed mobilities, transfers, gait and bladder management were noted over a period of 7 months after the intervention. Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM) improved from 27 to 64/100 and Functional Improvement Measure (FIM) improved from 64 to 83 within seven months of cellular therapy. fMRI showed activation of multiple regions in the sensory and associated areas which was not seen prior to the cellular therapy. No adverse events were reported post cellular therapy. This case study suggests clinical benefits of cellular therapy with multidisciplinary neurorehabilitation especially in chronic SCI. We recommend that its effectiveness should be established in a more comprehensive randomised controlled study for chronic SCI.


An ultra-wideband antenna based on a slotline feed structure, a bowtie horn, and a rolled edge termination was developed, analyzed, and measured. Empirical data showed that its beamwidths and bandwidth are dependent on its physical dimensions which are easily controllable by an antenna designer. Measured patterns of models with various radiation properties are shown to substantiate these design rules. A flat plateau-like main beam, low voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR), the ability to produce both wide (60 degrees ) and narrow (30 degrees ) half-power beamwidths, low sidelobes and backlobe (40-50 dB down), low cross-polarized levels (20-25 dB down), and independent control of E- and H-plane beamwidths over an ultra-wide bandwidth, say 2-18 GHz, are some of the strong points of this antenna type. >


Cloud forest ecosystems contain unique flora and fauna characterized by high levels of richness and endemism. However, this ecosystem is one of the most threatened because of land-use changes stemming from anthropogenic activities. Therefore, biological inventories are necessary to adequately assess the effects of land-use changes on species now and in the future. In this study, we conducted an inventory of plants and terrestrial vertebrates (amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals) in three fragments of cloud forest in southwestern Mexico. Field work was carried out for 15 days per biological group during distinct time periods (2005-2008). Conventional methods of species capture and observation were employed to record species. Recorded species were then categorized based on their endemism and risk category. A total of 67 species of plants, 17 species of amphibians, 25 species of reptiles, 93 species of birds, and 46 species of mammals were recorded. The species accumulation curves for most taxa, except for birds and mammals, showed an asymptotic trend. A total of 56 species endemic to Mexico and four quasi-endemic species were recorded. Plants, amphibians, and reptiles presented the greatest number of species exclusive to Mexico (13 species). Six species of herpetofauna endemic to Guerrero were recorded. According to Mexican laws, 24 of the encountered species are under special protection, while 16 are categorized as threatened and seven as endangered. Reptiles and birds presented the greatest number of at-risk species (14 species). Bird and mammal richness in this study is high in comparison to that recorded in the cloud forests of the entire Mexican state of Guerrero (157 and 75 species, respectively). This data highlights the importance of cloud forests in the study area for local and regional biodiversity. Effective conservation strategies should be prioritized in cloud forests, as this ecosystem is poorly represented in natural protected areas.


This study aims to determine the gender relations in the communication process that occurs in adolescents who are dating and to find other forms of verbal and non verbal violence in adolescent dating couples are. The method used is a qualitative method with case study approach. Techniques of data collection in this study using primary data that is interview and observation data as well as secondary data from books and media. Subjects in this study is that dating adolescents residing in Bangkalan. In this study there were five informants dating couples. The results of this study is the existence of gender differences in expressing feelings in which men are more dominant in expressing feelings than women, then men prefer women prefer to touch and be touched, the difference in resolving conflicts in which men more than to start a conversation apologizing women, in addition there are also verbal abuse in the form of calls that are not worthy of love and affection the call changes in the text. Non verbal violence is the presence of physical violence in the form of beatings and psychological violence in the form of restraint, hurt, cheating and lied to. Violence a man is to be hurt from the women, psychological violence. Key words: Communication interpersonal-psychoanalytic feminism-dating-inrelationship


Monitoring and interpreting an increasing number of images has become part of people's daily lives. These images trigger a complex process of relations that can result in direct human or non-human actions over people, over services or over the very space. As part of a broader and widespread mediascape, the repertoire of images, its organization and connection to multiple devices and huge databases, make interpretation processes much more complex and beyond our reach. When arranged in a network, technical devices do not need to follow a logic narrative of facts. Paradoxically, they contribute to the construction of all possible narratives. This work proposes, from an archaeological perspective, that the intentionality of images, especially those that are produced and circulate in digital environment, is the symptom of a contemporary episteme that delegates to objects not just a functional autonomy, but also one of existence and of description of the world. The multiplicity of digital images makes of them Beings that exist beyond the human and that constitute a kind of continuous phenomenological machinic process, an awareness of the self and of the other.


This is the continuation of the paper [4] which was devoted to introduce a special entire function named a Mittag -Leffler type function E α,m,l (z) to discuss its connections with the Riemnn Loiuville fractional integral and derivatives and to solve the linear Abel-Volterra integral equation. Here we construct explicit soliutions of special differential equations of fractional order and as their consequences, of ordinary differential equations. Examples are also exhibited.


The theory developed in the preceding chapters will now be illustrated in some elementary two-port applications which include, adjust load or generator impedance; isolate generator from changes in load impedance; provide predetermined changes in power level; and provide transition between two different transmission types, e.g. waveguide to coaxial line.


A 31 years old female was operated on in Our Institution for an emergent subtotal dehiscence of aortic mechanical valve. She had a diagnosis of Marfan syndrome and underwent two previous cardiac operations in another Institution, both for infective endocarditis. The aortic prosthesis was kept in its position only by 2-3 surgical stitches and its impressive systo-diastolic movement is presented in the diagnostic iconography (TE echo and angiography). A 23 Freestyle root bioprosthesis was used to replace the previous valve. A complete AV block required a definitive pacemaker. The patient was discharged after 16 days and she is in healthy condition at a six month follow-up.


A topobathy digital elevation model (DEM) is a single surface combining the land elevation with the seafloor surface—and which can be used to examine processes that occur across the coastal and nearshore areas. A Roadmap to a Seamless Topobathy Surface (Roadmap) is a series of documents and maps that seek to improve and streamline the process of creating a topobathy DEM. The series aims to make topographic and bathymetric data and reference information accessible and make connections between data set quality and DEM application (such as coastal inundation modeling). Understanding the links between input data quality and application can help users create a DEM surface designed for a particular purpose, can help data collectors provide data sets that meet needs, and can assist technical users in defining their data requirements more explicitly. The Roadmap examines resources and processes associated with DEM creation, including the following: (1) available data resources, (2) processes to generate high-resolution DEMs that minimize error, and (3) examples of topobathy applications. The target audience for this suite of information includes technical users of surface data within coastal management groups, scientists, federal and state agencies, and local offices using topographic and bathymetric data for technical applications. The Roadmap may also be useful to managers who are involved in activities such as planning a data collection. This series of products will help detail the steps required to create seamless coastal maps—a task that has been highlighted as an important national need by the National Research Council. The first part of the Roadmap series is an inventory of available topographic and bathymetric data resources for the Gulf of Mexico: Topographic and Bathymetric Data Inventory: Gulf of Mexico (Gulf Inventory). The Gulf of Mexico coastal area was chosen for this project to assist data coordination efforts and to enhance geospatial capacity across the Gulf states. The Gulf Inventory is meant to increase awareness and use of existing topographic and bathymetric data sets, decrease duplication of effort, and strategically target data collections to fill gaps. It is a " snapshot " of data availability as of November 15, 2007, and it identifies location, collection date, and sources of available data sets. This resource is currently available on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coastal Services Center's website Techniques, and Data Integration (Data Considerations), is the second part of the Roadmap, and it strives to improve and streamline the process of creating …


............................................................................................................................. vi Chapters Introduction ..............................................................................................................1 Definition of Biodesulfurization ..............................................................................3 Desulfurization Metabolic Pathway .........................................................................5 Non-covalent Mechanism Theory ............................................................................8 Covalent Mechanism Theory ...................................................................................9 Thiourea Dioxide ...................................................................................................10 Goal of the Project .................................................................................................11 Materials and Methods .......................................................................................................13 Suppliers and Providers ........................................................................................13 Activity Assay Protocol ........................................................................................14 DszB Purification .................................................................................................15


This anthology brings together leading Austrialian and North American nature writers for the first time. Responding to places that sustain, inspire and sometimes sadden, the pieces are propelled by passion, anger and history. The places considered vary as much as any on earth, but what each pieces has in common with the rest is beautiful writing.


Irradiation of 1-benzyl-3-carbamoylpyridinium chloride (BNA+Cl−) in the presence of ascorbic acid in 28% aqueous ammonia gives the corresponding 1,4-dihydronicotinamide as the major product. The spectroscopic behavior of BNA+ in aqueous ammonia and the adduct formation between BNA+ and chloroform are also described.


HS Dengler, X Wu, I Peng. Sci Transl Med. 2018;10(468):eaao2151

Multiple type 2 cytokines, including interleukin-4, interleukin-5, interleukin-9, interleukin-13, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin, drive the pathophysiology of an important subset of asthma. These and other cytokines, such as interleukin-6 and type I and type II interferons, depend on Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) for signal transduction. iJak-381 is a synthesized, small, and inhalable molecule that was specifically designed for lung-restricted JAK1 inhibition. The purpose of this study was …


A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF A REVIEW OF THE ITTE COMPUTER PROGRAM WHICH AUTOMATE THE DESIGN PROCEDURES OF CHAPTERS 7 AND 8 IN THE HIGHWAY CAPACITY MANUAL, IS PRESENTED. THIS REVIEW UNCOVERED SOME INCONSISTENCIES, BUT ESSENTIALLY CONFIRMED THE OVERALL VALIDITY OF THESE PROGRAMS. SOME MODIFICATIONS AND EXTENSIONS TO THESE PROGRAMS, DESIGNED TO TO SATISFY THE RESEARCH OBJECTIVES OF NCHRP PROJECT 3-15, WERE IMPLEMENTED. /AUTHOR/


Introduction Displaced distal radius fractures in children have been treated in above elbow plaster casts since the last century. Cast index has been calculated previously, which is a measure of the sagittal cast width divided by the coronal cast width measurement at the fracture site. This indicates how well the cast was moulded to the contours of the forearm. We retrospectively analysed the cast index in post manipulation radiographs to evaluate its relevance in redisplacement or reangulation of distal forearm fractures. Study Design Consecutive radiographic analysis. Materials and methods 156 consecutive paediatric patients (114M : 42F), with a mean age of 9.8 years (range 2-15 years), presenting with forearm fractures were studied. All patients were manipulated in OR and a moulded above elbow cast was applied. The cast index was measured on immediate post manipulation radiographs. Results Displacement of the fracture within the original plaster cast occurred in 30 patients (19%), 22/114 males; 8/42 females. The cast index in the 30 patients requiring a second procedure (mean 0.92, SD=0.08) was significantly more than the cast index (mean 0.77, SD=0.07) in the others (p Discussion A high cast index in post manipulation radiographs indicates increased risk of re-displacement of the fracture and these patients should be kept under close review. Conclusion Cast index is a valuable tool to assess the quality of moulding of the cast following closed manipulation of distal radius fractures in children. The maximum acceptable cast index should be 0.82.


The effect of structural epilepsy on the frequency of intraoperative convulsive seizures is assessed when mapping functionally significant areas of the cerebral cortex during resection of intracerebral neoplasms. The work is based on the analysis of the results of intraoperative neurophysiological studies at the Polenov Neurosurgical Institute. For the period 20192020 87 intraoperative mappings of eloquent cortex were carried out during resections of intracerebral neoplasms: 79 mappings of the motor cortex and 16 mappings of auditory-speech areas during operations with awakening. When mapping the motor zones of the cortex, the frequency of seizures was 5.1%, while mapping the auditory-speech zones with awakening 18.75%. The division of cases of intraoperative convulsive seizures into two groups: seizures arising from motor mapping and seizures associated with the mapping of auditory zones reflects differences in factors that affect the excitability of the cerebral cortex. In motor mapping, stimulation occurs against the background of general anesthesia, unlike waking operations. The intensity of stimulation in auditory mapping is higher than in motor mapping in motor mapping. Formally, the current used in motor mapping is significantly higher than in mapping auditory zones. In general, with the development of intraoperative convulsive seizures, the current intensity of cortical stimulation does not exceed the average values required to stimulate functionally significant cortical zones. The presence of epileptic syndrome in patients with intracerebral tumors cannot be considered as a predictor of intraoperative seizure development when performing motor mapping under general anesthesia as well as during surgery with awakening for mapping of motor or auditory verbal zones.


Philosophers have probably been organizing conferences since at least the time of Plato's academy. 1 More recently, philosophers have brought some of their conferences online. 2 However, the adoption of online conferences is limited. One might wonder if scholars prefer traditional conferences for their ability to provide goods that online conferences cannot. While this may be true, online conferences outshine traditional conferences in various ways, and at a significantly lower cost. By considering the costs and benefits of both conference models, we may find reasons to prefer online to traditional conferences in some circumstances. This paper shares the methods, quantitative results, and qualitative results of the Minds Online conferences of 2015, 2016, and 2017. The evidence suggests that the online conference model can help scholars better understand their profession, share the workload of conference organizing, increase representation for underrepresented groups, increase accessibility to attendees, decrease monetary costs for everyone involved, sustain conference activity during states of emergency, and reduce their carbon footprint. So, the advantages of traditional conferences might be outweighed by their higher costs after all.


Using data from a sample of 281 couples (the Flourishing Families data set), the authors tested a systemic theoretical model that examined the relationship among observed marital interaction, physical and mental health, and work satisfaction. The results showed that negative marital interaction was associated with significantly lower work satisfaction and poorer health for men. Higher negative marital interaction scores were significantly related to elevated depression scores for both women and men. For both men and women, negative couple interaction was associated with work satisfaction through depression and health. Overall, 34% of the variance in work satisfaction for men and 24% for the women was explained by the model. The results suggest that marriage-to-work spillover can be costly for families, organizations, and governments.


Hydrology system is a nonlinear and dynamic system influenced by such factors as meteorological climate and topography, which it is difficult to forecast by conventional methods. In this paper, the forecasting model for runoff, based on multivariate phase space reconstruction, was put forward by combination with neural network and partial least square method (PLS) to make the most of the information provided by the system and improve the forecasting precision. The phase space of multivariate time series was reconstructed by the time delays and embedding dimensions chosen for each univariate time series. Then the partial least square method was used to extract the most important components from the constructed time series as neural network input, and the neural network was used to solve the nonlinear prediction problem of runoff. The detailed steps of the model were given in the paper. Finally, as an example, the model was built to forecast month runoff of upstream in Zhanghe river, and the comparison of the neural network model with univariate time series was given. The result shows the multivariate model improves the prediction accuracy over univariate time series one.


ion in Arabic hurufiyya developed out of attention to and experiments with Arabic script, in relation to distinctive features of Arabic grammar such as its system of roots ( judhūr) andmorphological permutations of this system (such as ibdāl). Arabic calligraphic abstraction conjures a visual grammar out of the study of language; a painter like Boullata or Massoudy thus animates the letters and words that nourished the "arborescence of the Khatibi's Graffiti: The Gestural Aesthetics of Writing on Language  [ P M L A


Three groups of zirconia abutments (n = 5) consisting of different connection designs or manufacturers were investigated (All-Zr, ASC-Zr, and AM-Zr groups). All-electric dynamic test instruments were used to place static loading on a specimen with a crosshead speed set at 1 mm/min. A Kruskal–Wallis test and a post hoc Mann–Whitney U test were used for statistical evaluation. The mean fracture resistance was 252.37 ± 82.79 N for the All-Zr group, 384.62 ± 45.24 N for ASC-Zr group, and 361.83 ± 90.31 N for the AM-Zr group. The difference of fracture resistance between the three groups was marginally significant (Kruskal–Wallis test, p = 0.054), with the ASC zirconia abutment tending to have higher fracture resistance than the full zirconia abutment. The modes of failure among the three types of abutments are different. The All-Zr group showed an oblique fracture line starting from the buccal aspect at the region of the implant platform. While the ASC-Zr and AM-Zr groups showed a relatively horizontal fracture line with a greater distance from the implant platform. The titanium inserts cannot significantly improve the fracture resistance of the zirconia abutment. However, they may alter the modes of failure, allowing buccal fracture surfaces of the zirconia abutments to be placed away from the implant platform, thereby protecting the implant–abutment connection.


The invention discloses a formula and a process for producing high-aluminum low-calcium calcium aluminate powder. In the invention, the content of a raw material A1203 is improved to 60 to 65 percent (weight percent), the content of limestone is lowered to 34 to 39 percent (weight percent), the raw material A1203 and the limestone are ground in a grinder, the ground material is made into balls in a disc machine, water is added into cure the balls, raw coal powder in an amount of 10 to 15 percent (weight percent) is added to a kiln for calcining at controlled temperature, and high-aluminum low-calcium calcium aluminate powder can be obtained through grounding. When used as a water purifier, sediments can be reduced, the content of poly aluminum chloride is improved, the benefits are increased, and the reduced-temperature calcining helps to save coal and reduce cost. The high-aluminum low-calcium calcium aluminate powder can be widely used in the fields of metallurgy, chemical, pyroelectric paper making, pharmacy, waste water treatment and the like.


A compact W-band endfire directional tapered slot antenna on a single silicon substrate (relative dielectric permittivity of 11.9) has been presented in this paper. The proposed antenna is constructed by using coplanar waveguide (CPW) to wide slot transition. The simulated results show that our proposed antenna can achieve a broad bandwidth from 88.7 to 97.5 GHz with respect to S11 < −10 dB and a fine impedance matching at the whole operating band. Good radiation directivity to the endfire direction is obtained and high antenna gain more than 6 dBi over the operating frequency is also observed. Our proposed antenna has advantages of simple structure, low profile, high directivity and compatibility with the existing commercial complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology, making it useful in many millimeter-wave (mmW) applications such as mmW radar, mmW wireless communication and mmW image processing.


The invention discloses an intelligent amount returning method based on a computer. The method comprises the steps of receiving an amount returning request input by a first user; acquiring an object set corresponding to the amount returning request, wherein the object set contains corresponding growth rate, share and return deadline; reminding all the users that the object set is in the transferring state; receiving a transferee request of a second user; calculating transferee amount, the return amount of the first user, and platform preservation amount according to the growth rate, share and return deadline of the object set; deducting the transferee amount from the account of the second user, and depositing the return amount in the account of the first user. By the adoption of the method, the amount matched with the object set can be withdrawn before a stipulated date, so that the object set is matched with a new user.


A crustal refraction experiment was carried out around Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, in 1966. The pattern of shots and stations was designed for time-term interpretation over a wide area, traversed by a more detailed line of interspersed shots and stations. The records were unusually simple, and nearly all arrival could be explained by a shallow surface layer (3.5±1.2 km at 5.5 km/sec) overlying a uniform crust (6.1±0.04 km/sec). No significant difference was found between the crustal thicknesses under the Slave and Churchill Precambrian provinces, but they are separated by a narrow belt corresponding to the east arm of Great Slave Lake, under which the crust is about 4 km thicker. The structural interpretation is supported by a study of the amplitudes of Pn. The upper mantle velocity west of the Precambrian margin (8.23±0.04 km/sec) was found to be higher than that east of the margin (8.10±0.03 km/sec). This may be related to an orogenic belt parallel to but west of the margin in late Aphebian time.


How to adjust Rectisol process under low load to increase CO2 output to ensure a safe operation of urea plant is described.


The purpose of this paper is to investigate a critical heat flux(CHF) during forced convective subcooled and saturated boiling in free water jet system impinged on a rectangular heated surface. The surface is supplied with subcooled or saturated water through a rectangular jet. Experimental parameters studied are a width of heated surface, a height of supplementary water and a degree of subcooling. Incipient boiling point is observed in the temperature of 6 of superheat of test specimen. CHF depends on jet velocity for various boiling-involved coolant system. CHF also is proportional to the nozzle exit velocity to the power of n, where n is 0.55 and 0.8 for subcooled and saturated boiling, respectively. CHF is enhanced with a higher jet velocity, higher degree of subcooling and smaller width of a heated surface.


We investigated whether the synaptic vesicles at the neuromuscular junction change size when their acetylcholine (ACh) content is altered. The size of the miniature endplate potential (MEPP) increased 3‐ or 4‐fold in preparations pre‐treated in a hypertonic solution in which the anion was gluconate. We measured the dimensions of synaptic vesicles in such preparations and in controls. The size of the vesicles and size distribution were indistinguishable. Quanta contained about half of the usual amount of ACh in preparations stimulated in the presence of hemicholinium‐3, an inhibitor of choline uptake, or in NH4+, which diminishes the proton gradient for ACh uptake into the vesicles. Neither treatment changed the size of the synaptic vesicles. ACh content and vesicle size were both decreased in preparations stimulated in (‐)‐vesamicol, an inhibitor of ACh uptake in vesicles. Since the other inhibitors decreased ACh content by a similar amount without altering vesicle size, (‐)‐vesamicol may decrease vesicle size by acting on another target. We also found that a hypertonic solution in which the anion was aspartate increased quantal size similar to gluconate. Both anions have high hydration energy and a large volume. When these treatments increased quantal size the mean 20‐80 % rise time of MEPPs recorded with an extracellular electrode was 170 μs. In the controls it was 97 μs. Perhaps some of the added ACh is bound within the vesicles, which slows the rise. Our major conclusion is that ACh content can change notably without any change in the size of the synaptic vesicles.


From NMR chemical shift measurements, it is shown that the degree of association for the interaction between hexamethylbenzene and 1,3,5-trinitro benzene in various saturated hydrocarbon solvents is dependent on the particular solvent, irrespective of the particular concentration scale used.


In this paper, we first review in detail the basic building blocks of reconfigurable devices, essentially, the fieldprogrammable gate arrays (FPGAs), then we describes a highspeed, reconfigurable, Systolic FIR filter design implemented in the Virtex-II series of FPGAs. The VHDL description of this filter is used for simulation and EDIF for implementation using Xilinx's place and route tools. The VHDL simulation shows that the filter behaves as expected


Recently, cars are indispensable to society. As they have become familiar, attention to the safety of automobiles has increased. seatbelts and airbags have been installed on almost all vehicles. However, in order to properly use such a device, it is necessary to accurately grasp which seat of the vehicle is occupied by a person. In the past, load sensors were used, but we could not distinguish between people and luggage. In this research, we propose a system to recognize people by the load sensor using quartz crystal resonator(QCR load sensor). We measured the load fluctuation caused by biological signals such as respiration and pulse wave.


A study was conducted during two summers and one fall on an area of 125,000 acres in the eastern Little Belt Mountains of central Montana to obtain data on use of habitat, distribution, movements, and associated behavior of elk prior to logging within this area. Three major habitat types; open park, broken park, and timber were delineated on the basis of tree crown densities of 0-15, 16-75, 76-100 percent, respectively. The open park type was further separated into natural openings, burns, powerline strips, and clearcuts. Ground vegetation was determined for these types and subtypes from measurements within 2 x 5 dm plots spaced along linear transects. Habitat use in both the Douglas-fir and spruce-fir zones was determined by 5,720 observations of elk. During summer, use of open park types predominated over all others. Average size of 50 natural parks used by elk was 57 acres. Decreased use of these areas was noted in late summer through fall. The natural opening sub-type received the highest recorded use of all subtypes in both vegetation zones. Elk when disturbed in open parks ran an average distance of 374 feet to utilize escape timber. Escape cover timber stands were fully stocked with an average crown density of 85 percent. Use of timber types and zones varied in fall as related to hunting pressure and other factors. In summer 'elk distributed themselves across the heads of three major drainages from about 7,500-8,000 feet elevation, with distribution occurring at slightly lower elevations during fall. Elk moved off the winter range through the transition range and onto summer range by the first week in July. This appeared to be correlated with green-up of vegetation and recession of snow. Movements of a radio-equipped cow indicated a summer home range of 3 square miles to be twice that of her late winter-early spring range. One radio-equipped male indicated more extensive movement by bulls than by cows. A shift was noted in this animal's summer home range involving a movement of some 14 miles. Movements of up to 25 miles were noted for banded animals in one summer. Four yearlings banded on one winter range were observed to spend the next winter on a different range some 20 miles from the first. More than 36 percent of 84 elk banded in the winter of 1968-69 returned to the same winter range the following winter. One area was found to serve as summer range for elk wintering on two distinct and separate ranges, Clearcuts receiving greatest use were approximately 30 acres in size and 8-10 years of age. Observations of rutting behavior by bulls with harems indicated defense of a moving parameter type area around the harem instead of a fixed land area defense. Elk and cattle were observed to be generally compatible while elk were noted to avoid areas used currently or previously by sheep. Statement of Permission to Copy In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requireagree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by my major professor, or, in his absence, by the Director of Libraries. It is understood that any copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. ments for an advanced degree at Montana State University, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for inspection. I further h a b i t a t u s e , d i s t r i b u t i o n , m o v e m e n t , a n d a s s o c i a t e d BEHAVIOR OF ELK, LITTLE BELT MOUNTAINS, MONTANA by KENNETH JOE COOP A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Fish and Wildlife Management


A study is presented that examines the distribution and the usage of some unsafe functions, and their alternatives, that are known to introduce security vulnerabilities in two software systems both written in C/C++ as well as comparing the performance and efficiency of a web/cloud based analysis tool to a desktop based analysis tool. Multiple versions of Bitcoin and Curl were examined in our study to notice a trend over time. In our study, a static analysis is applied to each system, and the number of calls to unsafe functions and their alternatives is recorded and tallied. Additionally, we applied the analysis with both the cloud based web application and the desktop based solutions. The results of our study show that vulnerable functions such as, strcmp, sscanf, and memcpy are the most common unsafe functions that are used in the software systems. This information is important because it can allow those who educate in the fields of software engineering and computer science to better prepare their students to implement a coding practice that is secure and sustainable. As well as providing information for educators, this also gives engineers in the field a more effective and efficient way of refactoring their code to clean their systems from vulnerabilities by focusing on the unsafe code that is the most prevalent to their system. The historical data for the two systems, is presented over a five version period. The data shows that for both systems the number of unsafe calls are increasing from version to version. This is an alarming trend that both contradicts and is quite surprising, because of the growing use of Bitcoin and Curl. Another component of this study is the difference in performance between the cloud based web application analysis and the desktop based analysis. The hopes of the cloud based web application analysis tool is to allow for greater accessibility and the ability to track a software system from version to version. Currently, the web application allows a user to login and upload an XML version of their source code using srcML and the results of the analysis, presented as graphs, are stored in their account.


The article examines how ritual, particularly ritual healing, becomes transnational and how the change impacts on its efficacy. It is based on a multi-sited ethnography with the objective of tracing the shifting status of ideas and practices of efficacy in multiple sites that cross-cut the local / global dichotomy. Fieldwork (2011–2012, 2014) started in three Gengbe-speaking villages along the river Mono between Togo and Benin, which shared Vodon and Catholic ritual belief. The ethnographic itinerary continued to the cities of Lome and Cotonou and ended up in Helsinki among diasporic Pentecostal West African people. The argument is that ritual transforms into multiple practices en route and, in order to keep and protect its efficacy, a variety of transnational practices and new cultural meanings are attached to it, especially to the role and the meaning of sacrifice. Drawing on her fieldwork the author argues that for the persons and communities for whom the sacrificial rituals are performed, the experiential significance of the 'original' blood sacrifice does not disappear.


The niche or early entry market penetration by ONSI and its phosphoric acid fuel cell technology has proven that fuel cells are reliable and suitable for premium power and other opportunity fuel niche market applications. Now, new fuel cell technologies ‐ solid oxide fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, and polymer electrolyte fuel cells ‐ are being developed for near-term distributed generation shortly after 2003. Some of the evolving fuel cell systems are incorporating gas turbines in hybrid configurations. The combination of the gas turbine with the fuel cell promises to lower system costs and increase efficiency to enhance market penetration. Market estimates indicate that significant early entry markets exist to sustain the initially high cost of some distributed generation technologies. However, distributed generation technologies must have low introductory first cost, low installation cost, and high system reliability to be viable options in competitive commercial and industrial markets. In the long-term, solid state fuel cell technology with stack costs under $100/kilowatt (kW) promises deeper and wider market penetration in a range of applications including a residential, auxillary power, and the mature distributed generation markets. The Solid State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA) with its vision for fuel cells in 2010 was recently formed to commercialize solid state fuel cells and realize the full potential of the fuel cell technology. Ultimately, the SECA concept could lead to megawatt-size fuel-cell systems for commercial and industrial applications and Vision 21 fuel cell turbine hybrid energy plants in 2015.


Modern radar targets velocity range tends to increase, resulting in uncertainty regarding target velocity. Increasing the detection range requires a large increase in pulse repetition rate, which is not possible in some cases. In this paper method of improving target velocity detection range by using multiple sequence signal is proposed.


A full-duplex coherent optical link based on optical frequency comb and injection-locking optical process is demonstrated. Simultaneous bi-directional transmission of 32-GBd DP-16QAM signal over 80-km fiber is achieved with remote LO delivery.


Mongolian is the one who succeed, epitomize and watch the north nomadic culture. Their life methods form the fullness features of Mongolian furniture. Based on quantities of analyzing and photo materials, this article stated the "folding structure", which is the first research. And revealed the relationship between their life style and the folding structure, analyzed the forming and development of folding the structure. The research will contribute to the understanding of the Mongolian furniture structure; reveal the historical information behind the Mongolian furniture and making the complement the research system of the Mongolian furniture.


Belneb Rust Resistant-1 and -2 (Belneb RR-1 and -2), are two medium-large, white-seeded, viney, Great Northern (GN) dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germplasm lines and are the first dry bean lines homozygous for resistance to 33 races of the bean rust pathogen [Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.) Ungar var. appendiculatus] [= U. phaseoli (Reben) Wint.] recently identified (6, 7) from the United States and the Caribbean. These lines were approved for joint release by ARS/USDA, and the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station in Apr. 1988. Although nearly 200 races of U. appendiculatus have been identified worldwide (7), the 33 used here (races 38-70) are the only races virulent for several of the most broadly rust-resistant bean germplasm (6, 7).


In regions undergoing glacial isostatic adjustment present‐day horizontal surface motion is observed to point mostly, but not always, away from the former ice load. To interpret these observations, we investigate the direction of horizontal velocities using glacial isostatic adjustment models. The direction is controlled by the opposing actions of inward mantle flow and outward lithosphere motion. In contrast with the prevailing idea that glacial isostatic adjustment‐induced horizontal velocities point outward, we show that velocities can be either outward or inward. Immediately after deglaciation velocities point inward but change direction to outward after a time that is controlled by mantle viscosity. Present‐day horizontal velocities point outward for a uniform mantle viscosity below 1020 Pa s and inward for above 1022 Pa s, with a combination of outward and inward in between. Our results help to interpret GPS‐observed horizontal velocities in areas with varying mantle viscosity.


This disclosure presents systems for x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements that have x-ray flux and flux density several orders of magnitude greater than existing compact systems; for applications of x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) or extended x-ray fine absorption structure (EXFAS) spectroscopy. The higher brightness is achieved using designs for x-ray targets that comprise aligned microstructures of x-ray generating materials fabricated in close thermal contact with a substrate having high thermal conductivity. This allows for bombardment with higher electron density and/or higher energy electrons, leading to greater x-ray brightness and high flux. The high brightness x-ray source is coupled to an x-ray reflecting optical system to collimate the x-rays, and a monochromator, which selects the exposure energy. Absorption spectra of samples using the high flux monochromatic x-rays can be made using standard detection techniques.


The paper illustrates the importance of contract administration in project management and how to sign a poper contract.It also talks abou the tactics and skills in negotiations and in the relationship between both sides in constructing.


ABSTRACT

Chinese automatic word segmentation is the premise of Chinese information processing, which is widely used in Chinese full-text retrieval, Chinese automatic full-text translation, Chinese text-to-speech conversion (TTS) and other fields. A dictionary plays an important role in Chinese word segmentation. The advantages and disadvantages of the word segmentation mechanism directly affect the speed and efficiency of Chinese word segmentation. Therefore, we propose a deep learning method for Chinese word segmentation. First, a separable convolution bidirectional long and short-term memory condition random field word segmentation model with feature points containing dictionary features is constructed. The model parameters are obtained by training on the existing word segmentation corpus. Then, the software engineering field text is used as the small-scale word segmentation training corpus. The word segmentation model of general corpus is fine-tuned. The experimental results show that the transfer learning reduces the iteration times of the domain segmentation model. Meanwhile, compared with other Chinese word segmentation models, the proposed model can reduce the corpus labeling time in training process and realize the cross-domain transfer learning of word segmentation model.